008297   Babel R;Mehta S (Textile and Apparel Designing Dep, College of Home Science, Maharana Pratap Agriculture and Technology Un, Udaipur, Rajasthan) : Exploring the problems of craftsmen involved in traditional block printing. Asian J Home Sci 2012, 7(1), 156-8.

Earliest recorded history revealed that man decorated the fabric surface with natural sources perhaps his clothing first, than the other items necessary for his existence. India has a rich cultural heritage and its traditional printing is a great source of inspiration for apparel decoration.

4 illus, 6 tables, 2 ref

007265   Yadav A;Chattopadhyay S K (NO, Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology (CIRCOT), ICAR Adenwala Road, Matunga, Mumbai-400 019, Email: achchheyadav@yahoo.com) : Structure-property relationship of DREF-3000 friction spun yarn. J Polym Mater 2012, 29(1), 115-26.

Various yarns of nylon 6 multifilament core to cotton sheath were spun using a DREF-3000 friction spinning machine. It was found that though the tensile strength of DREF-yarn is mainly dependent on the core filament yarn, sheath fibres contribute significantly by providin

11 illus, 4 tables, 15 ref

007264   Xianmei Z;Ganghu C;Hongzhao L (School of Mechanical Instrumental Engineering, Xi'an Technology Univ, Xi'an-710 048, China) : Preparing cationic surface sizing agent by phase reversal. IPPTA Jl 2012, 24(2), 129-33.

This paper relates to paper sizing agent based on terpolymer of styrene(St), dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate(DAM) and butyl acrylate(BA) which have been reacted by solution polymerization and then have been converted into cationic water-soluble polymer by phase reversal. Optimized process parameters for terpolymer preparation were St/BA/DAM equal to 50/25/25(by weight), initiator azobisisobutyronitrile(AIBN) equal to 0.6% and chain transfer agent 2-aminoethyl mercaptan equal to 0.6% by weight of total monomeri 70% polymerization concentration. The terpolymer had narrow particle distribution and average particle size of about 100nm. The average molecular weight of terpolymer approached about 50000 and polydispersity index was 1.23. The final copolymer has the desired surface sizing effect for untreated paper, Cobb value 23.2 g/rn² and fluffing speed 1.76 m/s after surface sizing.

3 illus, 6 tables, 11 ref

007263   Tripathi S;Sharma N;Chakrabarti S K;Varadhan R (NO, Thapar Centre for Industrial Research and Development, Paper Mill Campus, Yamuna Nagar-135 001) : Semi close loop system for prehydrolysis stage of rayon grade pulping. IPPTA Jl 2012, 24(2), 81-4.

Prehydrolysis (PH) is prerequisite in selective removal of hemicelluloses during the production of rayon grade pulp. After prehydrolysis the liquor is either pumped to ETP for downstream processing or retained in the digester while processing for the kraft pulping. Draining the PH liquor to ETP indicates the water loss and discharge of enormous amount of pollution load. Performing the kraft pulping process along with prehydrolysate retained in the digester consumes higher active alkali and produces low pulp yield. Study has been carried out to provide technically superior and environmental friendly process for handling of prehydrolysate generated in rayon grade pulp mills. In this process prehydrolysate was concentrated by recycling it in the same process. Impact of recycling of prehydrolysate on pulping, bleaching and pulp properties were examined. Results indicate that recycling of prehydrolysate reduces water consumption by 35-43% during pulping and active alkali consumption by 1.5%. The suggested process increases the bleached pulp yield by 1.8%, whiteness by 1.2% and reduces impurities in the bleached pulp. The modified prehydrolysis process maintains the better pulp quality and provides significant economic advantages in rayon grade pulp mills.

2 illus, 5 tables, 7 ref

007262   Sudhir Kumar;Srivastava V;Srivastava P;Rai A K (NO, Yash Papers Limited, Yash Nagar, Faizabad-224 135) : Yash ashmoh binder from rice husk ash. IPPTA Jl 2012, 24(2), 77-9.

Rice husk is one of the most important biomass fuel and renewable source of energy to generate power. It is burnt in Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Combustion (AFBC) water tube boiler furnace at 700-800°C. After combustion Rice Husk Ash (RHA) generated at this temperature gives rise to amorphous ash. The ash content of husk is about 20% and silica content (as silicon dioxide) in RHA is 92-93%. Rice husk ash is highly porous, light weight with very high external surface area and thus is very useful pozzolonic material. Rice husk ash type varies considerably according to burning techniques. The RHA used for this study for making mortar to replace partially or completely pozzolona Portland cement (PPC) is of amorphous ash collected after combustion temperature 700-800°C from boiler electrostatic precipitator (ESP) outlet. The different mix proportion of RHA, lime and PPC in the ratio of 50:40:10,55:35:10,60:30:10 and 65:25:10 respectively ground in ball mill for 8.0 hours and screened to 100 mesh sizes. After grinding from each mix which is termed as Yash Ashmoh mortar in the ratio of Yash Ashmoh: Sand was made to prepare standard cubes of 10cm x 10cm x 10cm dimensions and were allowed to dry and subsequently cured in water for7 and 28 days. Yash Ashmoh with above mentioned mix proportions gave 97.5,122.5,140.0 and 155.0 kg/cm² average compressive strength after 7 days and 105.0, 130, 145.0 and 165.0 kg/cm² after 28 days curing. The maximum compressive strength was obtained with the mix proportion of 65:25:10. The compressive strength of Yash Ashmoh was compared with standard PPC mortar. The results revealed that Yash Ashmoh can be used in a big way for non structural purposes replacing up to 90% PPC. Yash Ashmoh binder is being used by the mill to produce flower pots, interlocking bricks, curved stones, drain trench covers etc. Further studies are in progress to develop the cement which can be used in concrete mix for high strength and making the concrete durable to chemical attack and waterproofing compounds. RHA is truly called as carbon neutral green product.

1 illus, 4 tables, 4 ref

007261   Srivastava M;Bhati R (Textile and Apparel Designing Dep, College of Home Science, Maharana Pratap Agriculture and Technology Un, Udaipur,. Rajasthan, Email: menuclt@yahoo.com) : Market potential of developed consumer products of bonded material using plastic wastes. Asian J Home Sci 2011, 6(2), 107-11.

One of the biggest challenges with plastic waste is that it is extremely hard to dispose of and persist in the environment for longer period. While the problem of plastics disposal has to be recognized and accepted globally, India's particular situation could be worsened by its poor drainage infrastructure in the cities, and fewer resources to spare for post disaster rectification. The study was carried out at Udaipur city of Rajasthan on Development of Bonded fabric using plastic waste for developing consumer products and assessment of their market potential. Finding of the study revealed that developed bonded fabrics of 200-300 GSM was suitable for the development of those consumer products requiring more thickness, stiffness and bursting strength. On the other hand, the developed bonded fabrics of 100-200 GSM was found more suitable for developing consumer products of general use on account of less stiffness and other related properties. Majority of the respondents appreciated developed value added consumer products. Thus, it can be concluded that the developed value added consumer products by the use of polythene bags for developing bonded fabrics werefound highly acceptable in terms of acceptability and further this will also be helpful in reducing the environmental pollution in a fruitful manner.

8 tables, 6 ref

007260   Sinha A S K;Singh M;Singh S P (Chemical Technology Dep, SLIET, Longowal, Sangrur, Punjab-148 106) : Acetic acid pulping and ECF bleaching of rice straw and effect of acid concentration on pulp characteristics. IPPTA Jl 2012, 24(2), 151-7.

Acute shortage of conventional wood based & other fibrous raw materials for pulp and paper industry is one of the most challenging tasks in front of Indian pulp and paper industries to meet the growing demand of paper in India. Rice straw is available in abundant quantity in India and other Asian countries, so an environment friendly process apart from conventional soda and other pulping methods is required to convert rice straw from a biomass waste to a useful fibrous raw material for paper and allied industries. The chemical and mechanical processes have been explored to extract cellulosic fibers from rice straw. Rice straw is a fibrous lingo-cellulosic material which contains high amount of silicon dioxide (SiO₂). Rice straw burning in agricultural fields is a serious environment pollution problem in north India & other parts of world due to not finding proper utilization. Industrial utilization of rice straw will solve the problem of its handling and scarcity of fibrous raw material for pulp and paper industries. The catalyzed acetic acid pulping process conditions has been optimized using full factorial response surface methodology to separate fibers in environment friendly manner with low energy consumption. The D E D bleaching responses for the acetic acid pulp have been studied. The variation of ash and silica percentage with the increase of brightness of pulp has been observed.

4 illus, 4 tables, 14 ref

007259   Sibani B;Sandhyamayee S;Sabita P;Mishra B K (NO, Centre of Studies in Surface Science and Technology, School of Chemist, Jyoti Vihar-768 019) : Sisal fiber: a potential raw material for handmade paper. IPPTA Jl 2012, 24(2), 37-43.

Sisal fibers have been subjected to proximate analysis and its potential to be used in paper making has been studied. Fibers collected from two different types of land patterns are found to have insignificant differences in physical and chemical characteristics. Analysis of chemical treatments on the sisal fiber reveals that better separation of fibril can be achieved by acid treatment, when compared to treatment with alkali, sodium dodecyl sulfate and acetone. Mechanical beating resulted in better defibrillation. Pulping of sisal fibers by mechanical (≥ 90%) and semi chemimehanical ( ≥ 75%) methods showed good pulp yields. Results of the various physical tests conducted on papers prepared from sisal pulp were encouraging. Paper made from sisal fibers exhibited high tear strength and high opacity. Chemical treatments of the fibers while pulping resulted in improved properties of the ensuing paper sheets. Comparison of properties from sisal pulps and rag pulps (conventional raw material for paper manufacturing in the handmade sector) further substantiates the suitability and possibility of using sisal fibers for papermaking.

11 illus, 4 tables, 33 ref

007258   Sharma S S;Naik S;Nair A;Pai V K (Bangur Nagar Arts, Science and Commerce College, Kuvempu Univ, Dandeli, Shimoga-581 325) : Sodium salt of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) as an alternate dispersant in coating of paper. IPPTA Jl 2012, 24(2), 119-22.

The principal reasons for applying a pigment coating to paper and paperboard are to improve printability and appearance. In its simplest form a pigment coating consists of a pigment and a binder that is present to bind the pigment particles both to one another and to the base sheet of paper. Pigments are the main constituents of pigment coating. It is very important that the pigment should be fully dispersed to ensure satisfactory performance and full contribution to the properties of the coated paper. A number of systems are used for pigment dispersion, all of which involve the addition of chemical dispersant and the use of mixing equipment that provides a sufficient amount of energy input to breakdown any particle clusters present in dry pigments. The chemical dispersant serves to aid in the wetting (displacement of gas) from the pigment particles, adjust the surface charges of the pigment particle to prevent flocculation, and reduce the viscosity. In this study sodium salt of CNSL was studied as a dispersant for china clay and calcium carbonate pigments. To study the dispersant a demand curve was plotted between Brookfield viscosity and dosages of dispersant. Sodium salt of sulfonated CNSL was found to be an effective dispersant as it decreased the viscosity of the pigment slurry to the minimum value of 200 cP at the optimum dose of 0.8%. A comparative study was done with a standard dispersant (poly acrylate) commonly used in paper mills. Finally the properties of the coated papers were studied. By socio economic concern and ISO 14001 (3R) Reduce, Recycle, Reuse the waste generated, from industries, is to be converted into valuable products. On the above concept CNSL, a byproduct of cashew industry is converted into a surfactant that finds valuable applications in pulp and paper industry as slimicide, penetrating aid in pulping, insecticide, and additive in neutral rosin sizing and now as a dispersant in pigment coating.

5 tables, 15 ref

007257   Pandey L K;Bansal M C;Pathak P;Dutt D;Vivek Kumar;Samit Kumar (Paper Technology Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur-247 001) : Kinetics of delignification of bast fiber of jute plant (Corcorus capsularis) in alkaline pulping. IPPTA Jl 2012, 24(2), 123-7.

The demand of cellulosic fiber for paper and paperboard production is increasing day by day. Thus the non-wood plant materials including Corcorus capsularis, an agricultural residue, are the logical options, as a source for pulp fiber. The present investigation with Corcorus capsularis shows that the rate of delignification is much faster during sodaanthraquinone (AQ) treatment (k = 14.79 x 10³/min) in comparison to soda/alkali treatment (k = 8.6 x 10^-3/min) only and the optimum pulping conditions with Corcorus capsularis are: time: 2.5h; temperature: 165°C; chemical: 15% (as NaOH), 0.05% AQ on OD RM (oven dry basis of raw material).

5 illus, 4 tables, 14 ref

007256   Nitin Kumar;Chakrabarti S K;Bhardwaj N K (Paper Technology Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur-274 001) : Effect of pigment morphology on coated paper optics and print performance. IPPTA Jl 2012, 24(2), 45-9.

Packing of the pigment particles is dependent upon particle shape, size and size distribution of pigment. In this study precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) pigments of calcite and aragonite crystalline polymorph having rhombhohedral, orthorhombic and scalenohedral habits were used either alone or in combination with finer grade ground calcium carbonate (GCC) pigment to see their impact on paper optics and printing characteristics. It was found that the particle size distribution has an immense effect on optics of coated paper. The effect of base optics on coated paper was found less with narrow particle size distributed pigment and higher with broad particle size distributed pigment. Calcite PCC of scalenohedral habit attribute to highest pick strength and lowest print gloss as compared to rest of the pigments. Aragonite PCC of orthorhombic habit and calcite PCC of rhombhohedral habit improve the print gloss. The ink setting rate becomes slow with introduction of PCC in coating formulation.

12 illus, 3 tables, 10 ref

007255   Nagaraj B;Vijayakumar P (NO, Karpagam College of Engineering, Coimbatore) : Soft computing based PID controller design for consistency control in papermaking. IPPTA Jl 2012, 24(2), 164-70.

Proportional - Integral - Derivative (PID) control schemes continue to provide the simplest and effective solutions to most of the control engineering applications today. However, PID controller is poorly tuned in practice with most of the tuning done manually, which is difficult and time consuming. This research comes up with a soft computing approach involving Genetic Algorithm (GA), Evolutionary Programming (EP), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO). The proposed algorithm is used to tune the PID parameters and its performance has been compared with the conventional method of Ziegler Nichols. The results obtained reflect that use of soft computing based controller improves the performance of the process in terms of time domain specifications and performance index. This paper discusses in detail the Soft computing technique and its implementation in PID tuning for a controller of a consistency process in papermaking. Compared to other conventional PID tuning methods, the result shows that better performance can be achieved with the soft computing based tuning method. The ability of the designed controller in terms of tracking set point is also compared and simulation results are shown.

7 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

007254   Maheswaran D (NO, Tamilnadu Newsprint and Papers Ltd, P.O. Kagithapuram-639 136, Dt. Karur) : Straight talk about harmonic problems and case study for using AC drives in pulp and paper industries. IPPTA Jl 2012, 24(2), 113-18.

Though much has been written about harmonics and related issues with respect to AC drive, many drives users still seek clear answers to some basic questions. The purpose of this paper is to provide the interested reader with some basic information regarding AC drives and harmonics with a simplified explanation of harmonics, showing how can affect a distribution system and this paper describes the investigation of harmonics from 6-pulse and 12-pulse AC drives in pulp and paper industries. It is the intention of the author to dispel some of the myths as well as point out legitimate concerns, show some viable solutions and their pros and cons.

10 illus, 6 tables, 10 ref

007253   Mahale G;Byadgi S;Kotur R (Textile and Apparel Designing Dep, All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Clothing and Textiles, Coll, Dharwad, Karnataka, Email: geetmahal@rediffmail.com) : Protective clothing for pesticide applicators and other agricultural activities of farm farmilies. Asian J Home Sci 2011, 6(2), 112-20.

Clothing is a primary need of mankind throughout the world. Wearing proper clothes at work can help to prevent various injuries to the body. A variety of human problems have been attributed to occupational exposure to hazardous environments. Farm activities are one of the most vulnerable segments as the farm workers are constantly exposed to multiple hazards during pesticide application. The present study was undertaken to design protective clothing for pesticide applicators and other agricultural workers. The results revealed that the designed protective clothing was found to be highly suitable and comfortable.

1 illus, 8 tables, 4 ref

007252   Lu L;Wang W;Cai W (NO, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo Univ, Ningbo-315 211, People's Republic of China, Email: wqwang@126.com) : Preparation of polypyrrole-Au composite on electrospun poly(4-vinylpyridine) fibers. J Polym Mater 2012, 29(2), 181-7.

The poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) nanofibers were prepared by the electrospinning technology. Chloroauric ions could be adsorbed to the protonated pyridine rings ofP4 VP through electrostatic interactions. Polypyrrole (PPy) and Au nanoparticles are obtained simultaneously on the HAuCl₄

4 illus, 20 ref

007251   Kaur S P;Bisht H (Clothing and Textiles Dep, Govt. Home Science College, Chandigarh, Email: simarprabhkaur@gmail.com ) : Designing of rugs with paper folding and cutting motifs using screen printing. Asian J Home Sci 2011, 6(2), 240-5.

The study was aimed to know the origin and history of rug and screen printing, creating 30 rug designs and weaving and printing of selected rug. Most preferred designs were taken for designing of rugs. Different colour combinations were made following the colour forecast for fall/ winter 2011/12 and evaluation was done. 30 designs of rugs were created with the help of computer software Coral Draw and Adobe Photoshop. Designs were evaluated and the most preferred design was selected for weaving and printing. Pre-testing of the sample to check the colour-fastness to washing and crocking was done in laboratory. The printed rug was shown to leading shopkeepers of Chandigarh and Panchkula to study the market acceptability. The responses were very encouraging, overwhelming and positive and it was appreciated by everyone.

3 illus, 4 tables, 4 ref

007250   Gupta M;Pant S (Clothing & Textiles Dep, College of Home Science, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana, Punjab, Email: monaa.gupta@gmail.com) : Effect of fabric thickness on abrasion resistance of khadi fabric. Asian J Home Sci 2011, 6(2), 269-72.

Present study was undertaken to find out the effect of fabric thickness on abrasion resistance of khadi fabrics. For this purpose, different varieties of khadi fabrics of cotton, silk, wool, cotton- polyester blend were used. After abrading with Emery paper and Canvas fabric for 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 rubbing cycle, thickness of khadi fabric were assessed. Thickness increased initially in all the fabrics after that it decreased with increase in rubbing cycles. Emery paper was more severe in action. Effect of fabric thickness was found on abrasion resistance of khadi fabric.

4 tables, 5 ref

007249   Doshi M R;Aziz S;Jong R D (NO, Doshi & Associates Inc., Appleton, WI) : Improving screen system operation in a board mill. IPPTA Jl 2012, 24(2), 53-9.

Macrostickies removal efficiency was measured in a Board Mill to track brown stock screening improvements by using smaller slots and other system modifications. The agglomerated microstickies in the feed and accept lines to the fine pressure screens in the system were measured using the new Pulmac Classifier. Preliminary data indicate that the primary screens produce microstickies when the slot width was reduced from 0.25 mm (0.010 inch) to 0.2 mm (0.008 inch). Two common sense rules are proposed for screening system design considerations. We recommend that the conventional cascade system be replaced by the forward flow arrangement in compliance with the two rules. Microstickies in the headbox and white water are also being monitored to control effect on paper machine runnability and product quality. Results will be reported in future.

12 illus, 3 tables, 13 ref

007248   Chakrabarti S K;Gupta S;Purwar M;Bhist S B; Vardhan R (Thapar Centre for Industrial Research & Development, Paper Mill Campus, Yamuna Nagar-135 001) : Combined chemical-biological treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent. IPPTA Jl 2012, 24(2), 160-3.

Most of the pulp and paper industries in India are expanding their production capacity to cope-up the increasing demand of paper and paper board with the same or marginally higher water permit. The industries are facing the task of handling the increased organic load and pollutants concentration in the effluent which is treated in the existing or partially modified plant. The recycling of wastewater is also dependent upon the removal of pollutants to a great extent. A low sludge bioprocess (LSB), where sludge and hydraulic retention times are same has been studied for treatment of pulp mill effluent along with post chemical treatment. Chemical pretreatment of specific streams containing high pollution load was found techno-economical instead of the above treatment on combined effluent. Although the performance of LSB was a little inferior to that of activated sludge process (ASP), it was possible to treat the treated wastewater from the LSB through post chemical treatment. Intermediate settling is not required unlike ASP, as LSB is operated without recycling of sludge. The separation of combined sludge can be performed in the secondary clarifier. The concentration of COD in the pre and post biologically treated wastewater in LSB was 754±28 and 337±39 mg/1 respectively. The concentration of colour in the wastewater was 1676±134 Pt-Co unit and about 27±5.4% removal of colour was observed in the biological treatment. After post chemical treatment unclarified wastewater of LSB, the COD and colour were 133 mg/1 and 280 Pt-Co unit respectively. The variable treatment cost was only Rs. 2.0±0.2 Im³ of the effluent generated. The chemical treatment also resulted in lower total dissolved solids in the treated wastewater.

3 illus, 5 tables, 10 ref

007247   Bhavani K (NO, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bidar, Karnataka, Email: bhavanikammar@gmail.com) : Effect of sizing agents on handle properties of bleached cotton material. Asian J Home Sci 2011, 6(2), 211-13.

Sizing agents are applied on cloth in order to build up the apparent weight, impart thickness to improve luster and also to prevent the fabric from soiling quickly. Unless proper care is exercised in the selection of sizing ingredients and subsequent preparation of size paste, the performance of sizing process will not be to the desired level. Results of the study showed that, the trend of increase in the fabric weight % was not similar among the sizing agents and within the sizing concentrations. Among the natural sizing agents, higher weight gain was observed among the samples sized with sago at four per cent concentration and among all starched fabric samples, samples starched with sago were thicker.

4 tables, 3 ref

007246   Bhavani K (NO, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bidar, Karnataka, Email: bhavanikammar@gmail.com) : Effect of starches and PVA binderon tear bleached cotton material. Asian J Home Sci 2011, 6(2), 124-6.

Tearing strength is one of the most important properties of fabric and while assessing the fabric quality, emphasis should be laid on this property as it directly affects the serviceability of a fabric. Results of the study indicated that, as the concentration of PVA was increased, there was moderate increase in fabric weight and thickness. Tear strength was higher for 1.5 per cent PVA treated samples. There was decrease in tear strength values as the percentage concentration of PVA increased.

3 illus, 3 tables, 4 ref

007245   Bajpai P K (NO, Thapar Univ, Thapar Technology Campus, Patiala-147 004) : Effects of increased closure water-loop systems in pulp and paper industry. IPPTA Jl 2012, 24(2), 91-5.

Water loop closure in paper mills always results in the accumulation of contaminants which may be classified into: fibre, tines and fillers, colloidal materials, high molecular weight dissolved components, and low molecular weight dissolved components. Water system closure results in the accumulation of non-process elements (e.g. Al, Si, K, Cl, Mg, Mn), suspended solids, dissolved solids, and other pollutants in the closed water system resulting in increased equipment corrosion, detrimental plugging, problematic scaling and deposit formation and can adversely affect the papermaking process. This paper discusses the impacts of closing the water loop on water consumption and other benefits, and its problems like microbial growth, corrosion, explosions, interfering substances & their effects on production processes and product quality along with some suggestions to solve these problems.

1 table, 29 ref

007244   Babel R;Yadav S (Textile and Apparel Designing Dep, College of Home Science, Maharana Pratap Agriculture and Technology Un, Udaipur, Rajasthan, Email: rupal.babel@yahoo.com) : Market potential of value added Kota doria sarees. Asian J Home Sci 2011, 6(2), 154-6.

The study explores the possibility of developing the value added Kota doria saree design using the traditional block printing and modern computerized machine embroidery work. The objective of present study was to develop value added saree designs and to assess the cost and its market potentials. The study results revealed that developed designs were highly acceptable by women and had good market potential.

1 illus, 3 tables, 5 ref

007243   Ashok Kumar M;Chakradhar K V P;Reddy G R; Reddy G H;Reddy N S (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Chiranjeevi Reddy Institute of Engineering and Technology, Rachanapalli, Bellary Road, Anantapur-515 001, Email: ashokkumarmala7@hotmail.com) : Tensile and thermal parameters of natural fibres and polymer coatings: effect on Sorghum vulgaris stalks. J Polym Mater 2012, 29(1), 71-5.

Studies on mechanical, degradation temperatures and features of the cellulose uniaxial stalk fibers were carried out in both untreated and alkali-treated. Alkali treated fabrics were found to have higher initial and final degradation temperatures and tensile modulii. The removal of the amorphous cellulose on alkali treatment may be the reason for the improved properties. The fabric of Sourghum vulgaris was coated with polystyrene and its effect on tensile properties was studied. The tensile properties were found to improve on alkali treatment, polymer coating and the coupling agent.

3 table, 25 ref

006257   Yadav N;Arya N (Textile and Apparel Designing Dep, I.C. College of Home Science, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana) : Designers' opinion regarding value added constructional features for export potential. Asian J Home Sci 2011, 6(1), 93-6.

Kameez/top/kurta & salwar are becoming popular allover the world being of aesthetic look, So, an attempt was made to create comfortable designing features of kameez/top/kurta and for easy to wear salwar, designing features at par to the trousers. The additional designing constructional features were worked out keeping in mind the problems pointed out by the respondents' in the existing dresses. The additional designing features worked out in kameez and top/kurta were pocket, collars, back yoke, loop/strip to hold dupatta, velcro tapes to secure dupatta inbuilt dupatta, princ

2 illus, 3 tables, 3 ref

006256   Upadhyay G;Deodya S (Home Science Dep, Vasant Kanya Mahavidyalaya, P.G. College, Varanasi, Email: sharma.garima2008@gmail.com) : Eco-textile:path to sustainable environmental development. Asian J Home Sci 2011, 6(1), 103-6.

^iia3 ref

006255   Srivastava A;Singh T G (Textiles and clothing, V.M.L. (P.G.) College, Ghaziabad, Uttam Pradesh, Email: aver810@yahoo.co.in) : Utilization of aloe vera for dyeing natural fabrics. Asian J Home Sci 2011, 6(1), 1-4.

In this study, Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) was used for furnishing colour to textiles. This appears to be first novel and unique exploitation of Aloe vera for dye application on different natural fibres. Dye was extracted from fresh aloe solution obtained from churning whole Aloe vera leaf in a mixer. The dye thus obtained chrysammic acid could be easily applied on silk and wool at lower pH which rendered rich golden yellow colour. Washing deepened the colour which could be advantageous to the consumer. The dye could be used on cotton with the help of different mordants to produce different colours varying from yellow, pink, khaki to brown.

3 tables, 4 ref

006254   Singh N;Lahane P D (Textile Design Dep, National Institute of Fashion Technology, New Delhi, Email: niya.choudhary@gmail.com) : Headgear and costumdes of Chhau dance. Asian J Home Sci 2011, 6(1), 64-8.

Purulia, a district of west Bengal is famous for the unique style of dance form called "Chhau" in which he use of headgear and costume ornamentation is rare to see. This unique art of making headgear and costume is main source of attraction. There are different kind of technique which are being used in making mask and ornamentation which can be beneficial in learning and incorporating in other forms or decorations. Now, day by day this unique art of making head gear and costume are in the phase of extinct. This research was conducted to know about the reason behind the extinction of this unique art.

9 illus, 4 ref

006253   Sharma M;Rose N M;Jeet Singh S S;Khambra K (Textiles and Apparel Designing Dep, I.C. College of Home Science, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana) : Skill development in rural women through stencil printing. Asian J Home Sci 2011, 6(1), 50-3.

Stencil printing is one of the primitive arts which is easiest amongst all printing techniques and also is comparatively cheaper. Thus, an attempt was made to train rural women in stencil printing technique so that they could start their own entrepreneurial unit. Training on stencil printing was imparted to thirty women of Kaimari village of Hisar district. The existing knowledge level of respondents regarding stencil printing technique was judged using self-structured knowledge inventory and after training, the post-exposure knowledge level was judged using the same inventory. The pre and post scores were obtained and gain in knowledge was calculated. Implementation of acquired knowledge was also studied. Results highlighted that training in the stencil printing technique was found to be very effective as there was significant gain in knowledge on various aspects of stencil printing technique at 5 per cent level of significance. Results also indicated that one third of the respondents were willing to start their entrepreneurial unit after acquiring knowledge in stencil printing technique. Hence, it can be concluded that economic status of rural women can be improved, if they adopt skilled based activity like stencil printing for earning money.

3 tables, 5 ref

006252   Khippal A;Jeet Singh S S (Clothing and Textiles Dep, Institute of Home Science, Agra, Uttar Pradesh) : Consumers preferences regarding design features, purchase pattern, place and purpose of using curtains and upholstery. Asian J Home Sci 2011, 6(1), 26-30.

Present study was undertaken to analyse the purchase pattern, place and purpose of using curtains, preferences of design features and fabric used for curtains and upholstery. A total of 400 respondents from different cities representing the multicultural groups including Faridabad, Panchkula, Panipat, Hisar and Karnal of Haryana state were selected purposively. Majority of respondents preferred to purchase the fabric of their own choice and got them stitched from the tailor according to their need and choice in all the cities. Doors and windows are the most important place for using curtains. Most important purpose of using curtains was the home beautification. Self design woven curtains and upholstery were most preferred for living and bedroom. Floral and geometrical prints were preferred for kitchen and bathroom curtains.

2 tables, 4 ref

006251   Khambra K;Rose N M;Jeet Singh S S (Textile and Apparel Designing Dep, I.C. College of Home Sceince, C.C.S., Haryana Agricultural University) : Adoption fcasibility of clothing related technologies. Asian J Home Sci 2011, 6(1), 35-8.

Attempt has been made to empower women in clothing related technologies i. e. tie and dye, embroidery, crotchet, stitching, worth out of waste and hand knitting after studying the interest of rural women of Kaimari village in Hisar district of Haryana. The knowledge was disseminated through trainings, demonstrations, lecturers and the educational material was distributed to 30 women. Dissemination is of no use until and unless its adoption is studied, hence after a gap of eight months the selected women of phase-I were interviewed to assess the adoption feasibility of disseminated technologies. The adoption feasibility index of technologies on the basis of eight parameters studied on five point quantum scale were profitability, physical compatibility, cultural compatibility, simplicity, triability, usefulness confidence in use and adoption time. It was revealed that the AFI (37) of cultural compatibility was highest (85.437) followed by profitability (83.637), usefulness (82.637), physical compatibility (81.637) whereas AFI 37 of triability was lowest (62.037). It clearly revealed that women were interested in earning using those techniques which have acceptance in their cultural environment and has the utility hence can be a profitable venture.

2 tables, 2 ref

006250   Joseph R;Prabhjot Kaur;Mehtab S (Clothing and Textilies Govt Dep, Home Science College, Chandigarh, Punjab) : Lattice smocking techniques: An innovative approach to smocking. Asian J Home Sci 2011, 6(1), 5-11.

Lattice smocking technique is a fabric manipulation technique involving stitching from the back side of the fabric offering a unique and personal aesthetic charm of a hand work. The present study tends to highlight the development procedure of a product line with its co-ordination for a bed room range. The product line was developed using lattice smocking techniques by taking inspiration from Buddhist art and architecture. 50 designs of furnishing articles i.e. cushion covers, bolsters, lampshades, glass curtains, and draperies were created. Designs were evaluated and the most preferred design in each category was selected for construction. The market survey showed positive results regarding the acceptability and marketability of the articles.

19 illus, 4 ref

006249   Bajwa R K;Marriya K (Clothing and Textiles Dep, Government Home Science College, Chandigarh) : Production of Jamawar Shawls in Amritsar. Asian J Home Sci 2011, 6(1), 97-102.

Shawls called Jamawars reflect the Indian heritage and were originally popular as Kani shawls which were the masterpieces of craftsmenship. The twill - tapestry technique used for weaving Jamawars in the past was painstaking and intricate one. The focus of this paper is to provide an insight into the revolutionary change in the manufacturing process involving Jacquards and powerlooms that made these Jamawars available to us in the present era at affordable prices and enabled them to sail smoothly through years and enter the list of machine made hot favourites especially in winters. The paper also studies the raw material used in manufacturing Jamawars and the problems faced by the Jamawar shawl industry of Amritsar.

14 illus, 4 ref

006248   Babel S;Chittora Bhawana (Textiles and Apparel Designing Dep, College of Home Science, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and, Udaipur, Rajasthan) : Clothing practices of visually imparied children. Asian J Home Sci 2011, 6(1), 39-42.

Clothing is one of the most personal components of daily life. Physical disability affects the type of clothing that can be worn. For visually impaired, dressing is a very difficult and often impossible task. Thus, there is a great need to clothing design ideas for visually impaired. Respondents faced clothing problem i.e. Problem faced by mothers while training the children for clothing. Problem faced by wearing the lower and upper garments, donning and doffing of the garments, bringing garments from the wardrobe, problem with fasteners, cannot identify the garments, cannot identify the front and back of the garments and cannot identify the colour.

6 illus, 5 tables, 4 ref

005216   Wolfgang W;Francesco D;Chowdhury R (NO, , ) : Smart paper machine upgradation. IPPTA Jl 2012, 24(1), 91-7.

Trends show that the Indian paper manufacturing companies are trying to adopt a strategy which is directed towards globalization, though the industry has a lot to introspect and act. In an era of the world wide web, e-filing, email, pod cast etc., and several options to choose from the electronic saga poses a big threat to the paper industry. According to the law of natural selection, the strongest will survive and lead. However, as per imminent paper industry trends become evident, the consumption of paper related articles is expected to escalate, Increasing demand for "green" and "sustainable" products; A consorted effort will benefit the industry immensely in the next few years to come. This paper dwells on the various trends and market conditions observed in India and tries to substantiate the preemptive steps ahead, with specific insights from the scenario in North America and China. Many of the advantages of modern machin

14 illus, ref

005215   Uniyal R;Jukka S (NO, Metso Automation India Pvt. Ltd., 1st Floor, DLF Building No. 10 Tower A, DLF Cyber Green City Phase-II, Gurgaon, Haryana) : Metso's new fiber to print solution for optimum paper quality. IPPTA Jl 2012, 24(1), 105-8.

Metso's new Fiber to Print solution coordinates a complete suite of process quality and environmental control solutions based on time-synchronized data collection and management across whole chain from pulp production to end-product. Harmonizing data from automated paper quality laboratories and on-line paper quality sensors, all the way back to analyzers in pulp preparation, now provides a full picture of the quality building process. Users have reported that bottlenecks and opportunities for further optimization are more easily identified and significant improvements in productivity have been achieved. Printing house reclamations can be significantly reduced by applying new developments in online measurements of paper structure and surface properties.

6 illus, ref

005214   Tyagi S;Godiyal R D;Manoj Kumar;Thapliyal B P;Mathur R M (NO, Central Pulp & Paper Research Institute, Post Box No: 174, Saharanpur-247 001) : Fiber fractionation- a unique technique for making quality paper form indigenous raw materials. IPPTA Jl 2012, 24(1), 177-81.

Fibre fractionation process utilizes maximum potential of the fibres and produces better quality paper by separating the fibres according to different fibre properties like fibre length, fibre coarseness, flexibility etc. This offers various options to produce paper with optimum properties for a specific application. This study covers the two major segments of the Indian paper industry, one which manufactures paper using hardwoods as a major raw material and another using agro residues. In both cases, the fiber fractionation followed by selective processing of each fraction proved to be a better option to produce paper of improved quality in terms of strength, optical and printing properties. Multilayer paper produced after fractionation of hardwood and agro residues pulp showed better surface strength properties. By using fiber fractionation process, it is possible to separate pulp fiber into several fractions of different fiber strength, fiber length, curl and kink indicies. This helps in using different fiber fraction of different grades of paper.

1 table, 12 ref

005213   Sharma A K;Sharma S K;Gupta A (NO, , 1014, T-2, Perls Omaxe Tower, Netaji Subhash Place, Ring Road, Pitampura, Delhi-110 034) : Fiber modification with enzymes for improving refining and drainage. IPPTA Jl 2012, 24(1), 161-5.

Number of Cellulase based enzymes have proved quite successful and viable in improving the refiining and drainage characteristics of various pulps. A number of mills in India and abroad are using these enzymes for Fiber modiciation purpose. The dosage required varies depending upon the fiber furnish and mill conditions. Generally a dosage of around 50-100 gms is sufficient. These enzymes have been tested both on the lab scale as well as on commercial scale in mills. Every mill has to determine the viability of using these enzymes as its effect varies with* the mill conditions and the fiber furnish. This paper deals with the case studies and general information regarding the various enzymes being used for this purpose.

8 tables, 9 ref

005212   Sharma A (Govt Girls College, , Ratangarh) : Impact of blending wool fiber with kid Camel hair on strength of Yarn. Man Made Text India 2012, 55(9), 305-8.

Influence of blending three varieties of wool fibers viz. merino, chokla and New Zealand with camel kid hair on strength of yarn has been reported in this study. Blended yarns in three different ratios i.e. 25:75, 50: 50 and 75: 25 were prepared on khadi hand spinning system. Performance of blends of camel hair and merino wool was found better than other blends in terms of fineness and strength.

3 tables, 11 ref

005211   Ray S C;Bhattacharyya R (Jute and Fibre Technology Dep, Institute of Jute Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata) : Coating behaviour of different polymeric materials on textile substrates. Man Made Text India 2012, 55(10), 342-8.

Coated textiles find an important place in technical textiles. The properties of coated fabris largely depend on the type of polymer used and its formulation, the nature of textile substrate and the coating method employed. The present study was arried out the coating method employed. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of differnt coating recipes (fire resistance and non-fire resistance) as well as three different add-on percentages on the change in properties of three different base fabrics - polyester fabric, cotton fabric and polyester-cotton blended fabric following floatation knife principle. It was observed that the resistance to water penetration and bending resistance significantly increased due to coating. The tearing strengh and moisture vapour transmission reduced to a great extent whereas the coating has no effect on tensile strength. The add-on percentages have significant effects on the flame retardant property. The nature of change of properties also depends on type of base fabric as well as type of coating materials.

8 tables, 4 ref

005210   Oshi;Goel A (Clothing & Textile Dep, College of Home Science, G B Pant University of Agriculture & Technol, Pantnagar) : Evaluation of physical properties of Lyocell fibre. Man Made Text India 2012, 55(9), 309-11.

Article focuses on physical properties of lyocell fibre to be tested during course of investigation. The study includes unique investigtion of fibre fineness, strength and elongation. Physical properties of lyocell fibre were evaluated to find out its diversified uses by blending with other unconventional fibres. After evaluation of physical properties, lyocell fibre was hand spun. Physical properties ofhand spun pure lyocell yarn were assessed.

8 ref

005209   Nandkumar D M;Seppo K;Gupta G (NO, Metso Paper India, 1st Floor, DLF Building No. 10 Tower A, DLF Cyber Green City Phase-II, Gurgaon-122 002) : Innovative filter fabrics for recycled fiber applications. IPPTA Jl 2012, 24(1), 157-60.

Filtration has an important role in achieving desired results in recycled fiber based units-DIP (Deinking Plant) & OCC (Old Corrugated Cardboard units); and fiber recovery in paper making. With varying raw material quality, rising expectations for high quality paper and increasing environmental pressures, filtration has become more challenging. Metso Fabrics, with a strong technological background inherited from Tamfelt, has developed innovative fabrics to enhance performance of filters in DIP/OCC process, Save-all filters in paper machine area and deckers in pulp dewatering filters. Metso has developed a new fabric called Easy Clean to overcome the problems of reduced capacity, continual washing, and short life time in disc filters in more demanding recycling applications. Performance of Easy Clean is based on enhanced dirt repellence properties of modified Polyethylene Terephtalate. WavStar^TM provides a cost effective and easy-to-incorporate solution to achieve high loading rates on existing disc filters. Installation of WavStar^TM increases the sector surface area by 29%, enhancing capacity by 10 to 25%. The principle of WavStar^TM lies on its unique fabric corrugation. TwinStar, a special kind of fabric manufactured from modified raw materials, has proved to be a reliable and cost efficient solution for dewatering on Twin wire presses in demanding conditions. The paper illustrates in detail various developments in filtration fabrics which aim to improve final product quality, raise efficiency and reduce operating costs.

005208   Mukesh Kumar (NO, , M K Process Technologies Private Limited-113, Vikas Deep, Laxmi Nagar District Centre, Delhi-110 092) : Improving the paper machine vacuum system with vacuum audits. IPPTA Jl 2012, 24(1), 121-4.

This paper highlights the importance of the paper machine vacuum system audits and suggests a practical approach to carry out the comprehensive vacuum audits. The paper also explains the significance of various key measurements which helps to identify the energy saving potential and improve over all performance of the vacuum system. The experience gained from the audits of over 30 paper machine vacuum system conducted by the author in India and abroad is shared by way of examples and case studies.

005207   Mohanty H K (NO, Emami Paper Mills Ltd. Unit., Gulmohar R.N. Tagore Road, P.O. Alam Bazar Kolkata-700 035) : Approach flow rebuild made in A 50TPD waste paper based plant-a survival strategy. IPPTA Jl 2012, 24(1), 99-103.

Paper machine approach flow system is a key process in paper making. The old and conventional silo system comprises of variety process and restricts the flow characteristics. The design of thick stock injection in to the silo white water, fan pumps suction and head box is critical for paper machine performance. The designing these large piping system in to existing facilities with a limited space creates potential compromise in complying with the design specifications that may affect the machine run ability and variation in quality. An improvement over conventional silo system improves the Paper Machine working and this paper explains the advantages gained by converting the conventional silo system into "Hydro Mix" developed by VOITH.

5 ref

005206   Mashaly H M (National Research Centre, , Cairo, Egypt) : Cationization assisted dyeing: dyeing of linen fabric with some acid and direct dyes. Man Made Text India 2012, 55(9), 312-17.

Two acid dyes and two direct dyes were used to dyeing of linen fabrics with the assist of cationization using two different commercial cationizing agents, CHTAC (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride) and PHMB (polyhexamethlene biguanides). The uncationized and cationized linen fabrics weredyed with the selected different dyes with three different dyeing methods. The fastness properties of the the dyed, uncationized and cationized linen fabrics were evaluated.

12 tables, 16 ref

005205   Maity S;Singha K (Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dep, Panipat Institute of Engineering & Technology, Haryana) : Three dimensional micro-image analysis of nonwoven structure. Man Made Text India 2012, 55(10), 353-6.

Different techniques of micro-image analysis of nonwoven structures, their characteristic features and the instruments used have been described with schematic diagrams in this article the advantages and disadvantages to the techniques have also been discussed.

4 illus, 16 ref

005204   Kumar S;Radhalakshmi K P;Kariappa Y C;Mohana Rao P R;Kumar S N (NO, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysor) : Comparative fiber characteistics of improved cross breeds and bivoltines hybrid of the silkworm Bombx Mori L with special reference to quality parameters. Man Made Text India 2012, 55(9), 301-4.

Recently Central Sericulture Research and Training Institute, Mysore developed many improved cross breeds and bivoltine hybrids. Newly developed cross breeds recorded fibre characteistics which are significantlysuperior over existing control hybrids. Filament length in the new cross breeds ranged from 900 to 1100 m, raw silk (%) ranged from 14 to 16, yarn size deviation is below 1.6, neatness ranged from 89 to 91 p and a few cross breeds yield 2A grade silk. New bivoltine hybrid filament length ranged from 1000 to 1400. Raw silk percent ranged from 16 to 20 and yields up to 4A grade silk. In the present paper an attempt has been made to analyse the fibre characteristics of newly developed cross breeds and bivoltine hybrids. Further, strategies to improve cross breed silk are also discussed in detail.

5 tables, 8 ref

005203   Kimmo H;Markku P;Hakan S (Metso Paper Inc., Teollisuustie, FI-37600 Valkeakoski) : New trends and technology in refining. IPPTA Jl 2012, 24(1), 109-13.

Cost reduction has, for some time, been the main driver in most of the development actions taken by paper mills and technology suppliers. Energy consumption will remain one of the main issues. Stock preparation accounts for up to one third of the electricity consumption of the paper mill. As tow-consistency refining accounts for a significant part of the energy consumption, it offers huge saving potential.

8 illus, ref

005202   Kariyappa;Damodhara Rao P M;Somashekar T H (NO, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore) : Thermal properties of Spun Silk fabrics. Man Made Text India 2012, 55(10), 349-52.

In this paper thermal properties of spun silk yarn produced from mulberry, muga, tasar waste, red eri and white eri cocoons on worsted system of spinning mill and three varieties of plain fabric woven on power loom by using 2/60s Nm in warp, 2/60s Nm, 2/80s Nm and 2/120s Nm yarns in the weft in each variety of silk have been studied. The thermal properties of fabric have been tested according to international standard testing method. Results of investigations of thermal properties of fabric have been presented as per the requirement of industry. Results have been compared among each variety of fabric. The results indicate that variety of silk, weft yarn count and interaction effect are significantly affecting the thermal properties of spun silk fabrics.

1 illus, 6 tables, 6 ref

005201   Jean-Francois L (NO, , ) : Save energy, save money with total clothing solutions. IPPTA Jl 2012, 24(1), 133-40.

Paper making in India is becoming increasingly challenging due to scarcity of resources such as fibers, water and of course, power. AstenJohnson undertook a portion of this challenge and have developed paper machine clothing products engineered to produce a superior sheet of paper or board using less power. This paper will illustrate how we can reduce drag load in the forming section using the Float Forming^TM principle of our CentraFlow forming fabrics. It will show how the multi-axial construction of our press fabrics increases sheet dryness entering the dryer section where the dewatering process is the most energy intensive. Finally, this paper, will explain how we can improve heat transfer in the dryer section with well known MonoTier product family.

9 illus, 12 ref