021102   Zhou L (Chemistry Dep, Dezhou Univ, Shandong 253023, P.R. China, Email: dzjmsheng@163.com) : Synthesis and crystal structure of a two-dimensional Zn(II) coordination polymer. Asian J Chem 2012, 24(3), 1415-6.

A new coordination polymer [Zn₂(PAA)₂(bib)]_n (H₂PAA= phthalic acid and bib= 4,4'-bis(2- methylimidazol-1-ylmethyl)biphenyl) has been synthesized by the hydrothermal method and characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction. In compound [Zn₂(PAA)₂(bib)]_n, the phthalic acid acts as bridging ligands exhibiting two coordination modes to link metal ions: bis-monodentate and monoatomic bridging modes. The carboxylic groups bridge Zn(II) ions to an infinite one-dimensional framework. 4,4'-Bis(2-methylimidazol-1-ylmethyl)biphenyl) ligands coordinate to two Zn(II) centers to give rise to a two-dimensional net.

^ssc2 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

021101   Yang J;Dong H Z (Chemical and Environmental Biology Sciences Dep, Jinling College, Nanjing Univ, Nanjing 210089, P.R. China, Email: dapdong@163.com) : Synthesis and crystal structure of one-dimensional zig-zag polymer cadmium(II): {[cd(μ-L)(NO₃)₂H₂O]₂< B>H₂O}_n. Asian J Chem 2012, 24(3), 1055-7.

A novel 1D supramolecular complex of cadmium with molecular formula {[Cd(μ-L)(NO₃)₂H₂O]₂H₂O} _n, was synthesized by pyridyl-pyrimidin dithioethers and Cd(NO₃)₂. The crystal structure of the cadmium complex, exist as the one-dimensional zig-zag polymer, showing seven-coordinate CdO₅N₂ distorted pentagonal dipyramid geometry. The formation of supramolecular networks structure is mainly due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions between adjacent zig-zag polymers. The crystal is triclinic, space group P-1 with unit cell parameters: a = 12.231(2) Angstrum, b = 14.349(2) Angstrum, c = 16.022(2) Angstrum, α = 85.731(4)°, β = 70.171(3)°, β = 79.761(4)°, V = 2602.8(6) Angstrum³, Z = 2, Mr = 1335.90, Dc = 1.705 g/cm³, μ = 1.058 mm^-1, F(000) = 1340, R = 0.0555, wR = 0.1068 for 9013 reflections with I <62> 2σ(I).

2 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

021100   Wang J;Zhang D;Xu Y J (NO, College of Light Industry and Energy, Shaanxi Science and Technology U, Xi'an-710 021, China) : Causticized calcium carbonate from alkali recovery process of non-wood pulping mill as filler of paper. IPPTA Jl 2014, 26(1), 88-92.

Causticized calcium carbonate (CCC), known as lime mud, is a by-product of green liquor causticizing process. There are many advantages to use this by-product as paper filler. Lime-kiln operation can be shortened or stopped, resulting in the reduction of fuel oil for calcination of calcium carbonate. Furthermore, accumulated impurities in the lime cycle can be removed constantly. Especially, for non-wood materials, this using way can prevent its secondary pollution. From the mill trials in China, the application scope and loading of CCC had been limited by its shortcoming of the lower brightness. In this study, influencing of insoluble matter in green liquor on optical properties of CCC was investigated. The results showed that the insoluble matter in green liquor had the crucial influence on the brightness of CCC, the more content of insoluble matter, the lower brightness. When the green liquor was filtered by slow filter paper, the brightness of CCC reaches 91.98% ISO which was approximately close to PCC. The silicon in green liquor existed with colloidal state and had no influence on the brightness. Reduced insoluble matter was beneficial for decreasing the chromatic aberration between CCC and precipitated calcium carbonate(PCC).

6 illus, 5 tables, 11 ref

021099   Tom L;Christian A;Magnus G;Torgny P (NO, , ) : Emergence of practical nanocellulose applications for a more sustainable paper/board industry. IPPTA Jl 2014, 26(1), 53-61.

There has been extensive research and development activities in the field of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) materials during recent years, although microfibrillated cellulose was developed already during the late 1970s at ITT-Rayonier in USA. A major impediment for the large-scale use of NFC has been the high-energy use (excess of 30000 kWh/ton NFC in energy consumption). This problem has now been alleviated by a series of different pre-treatment procedures of the fibres prior to the subsequent mechanical cell wall delamination. The focus in practical papermaking applications of NFC is in the reinforcement of paper/board materials (dry strength wet-end additive) and in barrier coating applications. The driving forces in these applications are resource and energy efficiency in papermaking and the vision of substituting fossil-based films with nanocellulose barriers. Nanocellulose has excellent oil, fat and oxygen barrier properties in the dry state, but the oxygen barrier properties deteriorate at high relative humidities and the approaches to alleviate the moisture sensitivity will be discussed. Today, there are many companies in the process of commercializing NFC and several of them have pilot plants/pre-commercial operations and are planning for up scaling. A pilot plant for the nominal production of 100 kg/day (dry based NFC) was also taken into operation at Innventia AB in 2010. The current contribution will highlight critical issues in the production of NFC and discuss various applications and hurdles to be overcome in order to make NFC production for paper/board based end-use applications viable.

5 illus, 2 tables, 61 ref

021098   Tao L;Xue L;Xuefeng Y;Yongijan X (Key Laboratory of Auxillary Chemistry and Technology in Light Industry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Science and Technology Univ, Xi'an-710 021, China) : Silicon removal from green liquor with pre-causticization and improved method in the alkali recovery process of bamboo pulping. IPPTA Jl 2014, 26(1), 83-7.

The high silicon content in green liquor of bamboo pulping affects the progress of alkali recovery, and it is also disadvantageous to the recycling of quicklime mud. The effects of quicklime charge and free-CaO content in quicklime on silicon removal with pre-causticization as well as adding Aluminum salt modified Bentonite in the process of silicon removal with pre-causticization were studied in this paper. The results showed that when quicklime with 62% and 81% free-CaO were charged 20% to 30%, the silicon removal rate in the process could be up to 48%-58% and 60%-77% respectively. When quicklime dosage was increased to 30%-40%, silicon removal rate increased little. As adding Aluminum salt modified Bentonite in the process of pre-causticization, silicon removal rate could be reached to 99.9%.

5 illus, 21 ref

021097   Sahinbaskan B Y (Textile Studies Dep, Faculty of Technical Education, Marmara Univ, Goztepe-34722, Istanbul, Turkey, Email: burcuyilmaz@marmara.edu.tr) : Dyeing properties of bamboo/cotton blended yarns by single-bath combined process. Asian J Chem 2012, 24(4), 1638-42.

Nowadays the bioprocesses of cellulosic materials using various enzymes have almost become a common application, since they have many advantages over the conventional processes. These treatments undergo in mild and environmentally friendly conditions, compared to the conventionally carried out processes. Pectinase is used for scouring and catalase for removing the residual H₂O₂ in the bleach baths and on the fabric before the dyeing stage. In this work, C.I. Reactive Red 21 and C.I. Reactive Blue 19 were used to dye untreated bamboo/cotton blended yarns by a single-bath combined process, in which various enzymes, namely, pectinase and catalase were employed. This process is completed almost in half of the conventional dyeing time and all of the stages, namely, scouring, bleaching and dyeing, were carried out in a single bath without replenishing of the process water until the end of the dyeing. In the single bath combined process, the untreated yarn was first scoured by pectinase and the yarn was then bleached by H₂O₂ in the same bath and after the hydrogen peroxide bleaching, the catalase enzyme was added to the bath to remove H₂O₂ residues before reactive dyeing. Without carrying out any intermediate washings/rinsing between these processes, the reactive dyeing was carried out by a conventional way in the same bath and finally the yarn was taken from the bath and washed to remove the unfixed dyes. The colour yield, dyeing fastnesses, dyeing repeatability and tensile strengths of the dyed materials were compared with those of the dyeing which were carried out conventionally in separate baths. The single bath combined process has many benefits in terms of water savings, reducing process times and energy consumptions, compared to the conventional preparatory and dyeing processes of bamboo/cotton-blended yarns.

5 illus, 5 tables, 20 ref

021096   Ramos A;Sousa S;Simoes R;Serra T J M (Research Unit of Textile and Paper Materials, Beira Interior Univ, CouvilhA-6201 001, Portugal) : Mechanical characterization of the coating layer of the coated paper. IPPTA Jl 2014, 26(1), 98-102.

Goal of this work was evaluation of mechanical properties of the coating layer on coated papers. The estimated mechanical and physical parameters of the coating layer were the Young's modulus (E) and the strain (ε). These two parameters cannot be measured directly for a pigmented coating layer, and therefore were derived from a series of mechanical tests performed on both the coated paper and the base paper. Measurements in tensile strength, two-point's bending stiffness and dimensional stability have been performed. The methodology used involves the principles of a three-layered structure, in which all layers are assumed to be uniform and homogeneous. The results showed a greater Young's modulus and a lower strain for the coating layer as compared to the base paper. It was shown that the coating layer acts as a mechanical reinforcement of the complex, performing higher strength, particularly for the tensile strength and the bending stiffness. The coating layer improves the stability of the material, when coated paper is submitted at high relative humidity.

1 illus, 4 tables, 20 ref

021095   Qiao F;Chen P (Biochemistry Dep, Baoding Univ, Baoding 071000, P.R. China, Email: qiaofengxia@126.com) : Molecularly imprinted-solid phase extraction for multi-residues analysis of sudan dyes in sausage. Asian J Chem 2012, 24(3), 1107-10.

Sudan II molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized and used as the selective sorbent for solid phase extraction (SPE) of Sudan dye (I, II, III and IV) residues in sausage samples. It showed higher affinity to Sudan dyes and could selectively enrich them from sausage matrix. Under the optimized solid phase extraction condition, the extracts were sufficiently clean for further chromatographic analysis with no interferences from template leakage and sausage matrix. Good linearity were obtained from 0.03-10 μg/g with the correlation coefficients r² ≥ 0.9994. The recoveries of four Sudans in sausages at three spiked levels were in the range of 96.8-103%.

2 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

021094   Michael R (NO, , ) : Production of high-quality paper grades utilizing deinked pulp. IPPTA Jl 2014, 26(1), 65-71.

As a growing nation, India is experiencing a dramatic increase in paper consumption. Yet, the quantity of domestically produced quality virgin fibre for the manufacture of high-quality paper grades remains scarce, so the focus is on recycled fibres. Currently, only about 20% of waste paper in India is being recovered. The lack of source segregation capabilities results in high levels of waste paper contamination. With a steady development of technologies for processing recycled fibre, the range of paper grades that can be successfully produced from it has grown. The development started with partial replacement of mechanical pulp for newsprint. This was followed by total substitution for newsprint and other basic grades. Today, many grades of calendered and coated printing/writing papers are routinely produced with 100% recycled fibre. Depending on the grade, a mixture of old magazines (OMG) with mixed office waste (MOW) or sorted office waste (SOW) or pure office waste is used. Recovered office papers have different characteristics, compared to OMG or ONP, requiring different deinking technologies and processes to efficiently utilize them. The critical parameter is the type of ink and the printing process. Magazine papers are mostly coated, with the ink smoothly printed onto the coat with offset or gravure presses ("soft" inks). Office papers are uncoated or only lightly coated, and the laser print is virtually fused onto the paper surface ("hard" inks). Ariother consideration is the level of contaminants in the incoming waste paper, especially the stickies load. Removing these contaminants requires different system configurations. The requirements of the final stock quality also differ. Apart from high brightness and high stickies removal, which are common for all grades, attributes such as dirt specks and ash content must be tailored to the paper grade produced. On the positive side, the high brightness of most office waste opens the door for a broad employment of this furnish: from high-grade printing and writing papers to art coated paper, white top board, copy papers, and tissue products. From a sustainability and environmental perspective, the use of deinked pulp (DIP) is also beneficial. Of particular importance to Indian producers, who often face a shortage of raw material at reasonable pricing, is the factor of yield. The state-of-the-art in deinking technology produces a furnish that is excellent for the production of high-quality printing and writing grades. This paper explores the gradual differences of tailor-made deinking lines suitable for producing various paper grades. It examines the operating parameters of a mill's deinking system, describes the major process stages and technologies employed, and presents the results obtained to date in the production of environmentally friendly, high-grade pulp obtained from processing waste paper. It discusses the results obtained from a state-of-the-art, three-loop DIP facility in India with a capacity of 300 t/d for the production of high-quality printing and writing papers. It reflects on the mill's experience in managing its raw material supply chain and its desire to utilize "green" technology when compared to virgin fibre pulp lines.

7 illus, 4 tables, ref

021093   Merdan N;Sancak E;Kocak D;Yuksek M (Faculty of Engineering and Design Dep, Istanbul Commerce Univ, Istanbul, Turkey, Email: nmerdan@iticu.edu.tr) : Effect of applied different surface modification processes with cellulose enzyme on properties of luffa fibres. Asian J Chem 2012, 24(3), 975-80.

Among the natural fibres, luffa cylindrical fibres are the ones that are widely available throughout the world. Luffa fibres are known to have lignocellulosic fibre characteristics. Ligno cellulosic lignin content of fibers and other wastes of various chemicals to clean the surface processes. In this study, cellulase enzyme lignocellulosic-based fibers have the luffa fibers, except with the conventional methods are environmentally friendly and energy, water, power, time-saving microwave, ultrasonic energy surface modifications were made using different methods. The results obtained were examined with %weight loss values, mechanical properties, morphological characteristics (SEM) followed by FT-IR and X-ray powder diffraction. Three different chemical processes, carried out cellulase enzyme were proved to be successful. The reason for the microwave processes to be successful is the strength achieved by sonication. This cellulase enzyme processes were found to adequately modify the fibres surfaces.

12 illus, 5 tables, 35 ref

021092   Merdan N;Inanici Y (Faculty of Engineering and Design Dep, Istanbul Commerce Univ, 34840 Kucukyali, Istanbul, Turkey, Email: nmerdan@iticu.edu.tr) : Use of ultrasonic energy in dyeing of microfiber. Asian J Chem 2012, 24(3), 969-74.

In recent years, dyeing kinetics in dyeing of polyamide microfiber become more important in recent years due to its use in textile industry and its functional features, with C.I. reactive yellow 39, C.I. reactive red 84 and C.I. reactive blue 69 was studied and conventional dyeing method and the method in which ultrasonic energy is used were compared from the point of view of dye uptake %, dyestuff amount, which moves away during washing, fixation %, significant rate, half-dyeing time, standard affinity and diffusion coefficient. Also, the samples, which had been dyed by using conventional and ultrasonic methods, were compared with washing, light, perspiration and rubbing fastness as well as the values of ΔE*, ΔL*, Δa* and Δb*, which were obtained from colourimetric measurements.

7 illus, 4 tables, 19 ref

021091   Liu Y P;Zhang Z J (Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Material, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China, Email: zhangzj@iccas.ac.in) : Thermal-oxidative stability of polydimethylsiloxane. Asian J Chem 2012, 24(3), 1141-6.

Poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilane) (PFMS) and poly(ferrocenyldiphenylsilane) (PFPS) are employed as additives to enhance the thermal-oxidative stability of PDMS. The thermal-oxidative stability of PDMS, PDMS/PFMS and PDMS/PFPS compounds are characterized as chemical structure (structure of the substituent and the main chain), molecular size (molecular weight and its distribution) and material properties (shear viscosity, gel time and weight loss). The thermal-oxidative stabilities of PDMS/PFMS and PDMS/PFPS compounds at 300 °C in air are obviously enhanced because PFMS and PFPS restrain the thermal-oxidative degradation of the methyl group and reduce the depolymerization of the main chain. The reduction of the depolymerization of the main chain is a result of the decrease in hydroxyl group formed by oxidation of methyl group. PFPS shows better antioxidation to PDMS than PFMS.

6 illus, 23 ref

021090   Du Y F;Yang J;Tang W W;Zhu X L;Zhang L L;Gao Y (Chemical Engineering Dep, Anhui Vocational and Technical College, Hefei 230051, P.R. China, Email: yjun8202@ustc.edu.cn) : Selective solid phase extraction of aromatic amines in mainstream tobacco smoke solution using molecularly imprinted polymer. Asian J Chem 2012, 24(3), 1175-6.

New molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) has been synthesized using 1-naphthylamine as the template molecule. Equilibrium adsorption and selectivity adsorption experiments showed that the molecularly imprinted polymer has better binding ability and higher selectivity for 1-naphthylamine, comparing to non-imprinted polymer (NIP). The molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction (MI-SPE) was prepared by using the molecularly imprinted polymer as sorbent and used to extract and pre-concentrate 1-naphthylamine, 2-naphthylamine, 3-aminobiphenyl and 4-aminobiphenyl from the mainstream tobacco smoke. Compared to non-imprinted solid phase extraction (NI-SPE), MI-SPE can effective to extract selectively the four Hoffmann aromatic amines from the mainstream tobacco smoke under the optimized conditions.

2 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

021089   Christian J R;Thomas S (NO, , ) : Global paper industry sustainability through paper chemicals. IPPTA Jl 2014, 26(1), 74-80.

Since always, paper makers have optimized ways to produce paper and board efficiently. Major changes like producing paper under alkaline pH, utilization of recycled fibers or reduction in water consumption have contributed to improve the paper making cost performances. Today, the digital information coming directly on mobile phones or tablets is reducing the demand for writing and newsprint paper tremendously, creating a commoditization of the graphical segment. On the packaging segment, the demand for corrugated paper and packaging grade are contributing to the market growth especially in the Asia Pacific region. As the paper machine automation and furnish composition have been already highly optimized, it is increasingly difficult to further reduce parameters like the energy or water consumption without the contribution of new paper chemicals solutions. Without the development of new and innovative chemicals, the ambitious goal of further improvement of sustainability in paper making is not possible. For BASF, the sustainability of the paper making means striking the balance between the environment, social and economy needs. The paper chemicals contribute to speed-up the paper machines, reduce the paper basis weight or improve the runnability allowing paper maker savings. Presents an overview of the global megatrends and some chemicals approach to take these objectives.

11 illus, 4 ref

021088   Chandraghatgi R;Hamelin M;Gooding R (NO, Aikawa Fiber Technologies, Bangalore) : Advanced screen rotor technology for reduced energy. IPPTA Jl 2014, 26(1), 93-7.

Advanced pulp screen rotor technology has been shown to provide substantial power reductions in a wide range of mill applications. Savings are obtained with only modest investments, since a mill typically needs to only replace the screen rotor, or in some cases to also reduce rotor speed. In addition to saving power, benefits of using advanced rotor technology can include increased screen capacity, improved runnability, and reduced screen wear. Several mill case studies are presented in this study to demonstrate the superior performance of advanced rotor technology. In one case, the AFT GHC^TM Rotor was shown to provide a 54% power savings and 27% increase in screen capacity relative to the original screen rotor. The mill was able to use a 0.15 mm slot compared to the minimum slot width of 0.20 mm with the older rotor. The smaller slot led to shive removal efficiency increasing from 77.9% to 90.4%. In two other cases, recycled paper mills in India demonstrated energy savings of approximately 40% through the use of AFT GHC Rotors. The combination of practical experience and fundamental understanding has proven critical to the success of this rotor technology.

5 illus, 8 ref

021087   Bai J;Zhang Y;Li C;Zhang J (Chemical Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Univ of Technology, Huhhote, 010051, P.R. China, Email: baij992008@126.com) : Smaller AgBr nanoparticle embedded in one-dimensional poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) fibers. Asian J Chem 2012, 24(3), 981-4.

A new series of AgBr/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) composite fibers have been prepared successfully by electrospinning technology and Sol-Gel method. This is a novel and simple approach. At first, we use Sol-Gel process to prepare thinner AgBr nanoparticles in the poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) solution and then the solution are electrospun to obtain AgBr/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) composite nanofibers. The final products obtained were thoroughly characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction patterns and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy.

4 illus, 22 ref

020056   yadav S;Rose N M;Singh S S J (Textile and Apparel Designing Dep, I.C. College of Home Sciences, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar, Haryana, Email: sarojyadav69@gmail.com) : Effect of rein wardtia flowers dye on physical properties of silk fabric. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(1), 250-3.

Since the last one and half decade, application of natural dyes on different fabrics viz., cotton, wool, silk, jute and some blends, etc, is gaining popularity all over the world in light of famous German ban. Only dyeing and producing a colour range for different fabrics is not enough it is equally important to study the effect of dyeing on various physical properties of the dyed fabric as end use of different fabrics depend on these properties. Thus, a study was conducted to investigate the effect of dye obtained from rein

3 tables, 6 ref

020055   Verma N;Grewal N;Inder Jeet Kaur (Clothing and Textiles Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana, Punjab, Email: nishi_ver@yahoo.com) : Value addition of mulberry silk waste/wool blends to develop handloom fabrics. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(1), 14-9.

Study was carried out to add value to silk waste by developing blended as well as union handloom fabrics to increase the fabric range. Blending of mulberry silk waste and 24 micron wool was done at the Gillbox stage and the yarns were spun on worsted spinning system. The blend proportion of 65s:35w considered optimum was spun into 30s and 40s metric count (Nm) yarns to make twill woven fabrics. Two fabrics were developed using blended yarns having 2/30 Nm warp and 30 Nm weft (S₁) as well as 2/40 Nm warp and 40 Nm weft (S₂) yarns. Two union fabrics (S₃) and (S₄) were also made using pure wool warp and developed blended yarns in weft, respectively. Fabrics S₁ and S₂ exhibited excellent drapability, significantly lesser (p ≤.05) bending length and flexural rigidity and higher abrasion resistance. Union fabrics S₃ and S₄ had excellent crease recovery, better dimensional stability, good thermal insulation, high breaking as well as tear strength. Fabric S₄ exhibited more drapability, and less flexural rigidity. The cost of production with 65s:35w blended yarn was much lesser in comparison to the yarn made from 100 per cent mulberry silk waste whereas variability from other blends was found to be very less. The estimated cost of blended fabrics developed was Rs. 376.70 per meter whereas the cost of developed union fabric with 100 per cent wool warp and 65s:35w weft was Rs. 327.63 per meter. Such cost effective handloom blended and union fabrics have the potential to enhance domestic and export earnings of the handloom weavers.

4 tables, 5 ref

020054   Vadivel M;Umarani C;Rajesh K S;Eashwaran (NO, JKKM College of Technology, T.N. Palayam Post Gobi, Tamil Nadu) : Removal of chlorides from ESP ASH by treating with sulphuric acid. IPPTA Jl 2012, 24(4), 151-4.

Presence of 40% to 50% inorganic material in black liquor being fired to a recovery boiler forms a low melting temperature ash or smelt after combustion. As a result of burning black liquor, fly ash deposits on tube surfaces in the upper furnace. These deposits grow and eventually restrict flue gas flow if they are not occasionally removed from the tube surfaces by soot blowers. Massive deposit accumulation will lower the heat transfer efficiency of the boiler. Deposits can form a localized corrosive environment, possibly resulting in tube damage. Various methods have been proposed in the past to remove chloride and potassium from the liquor cycle which have been responsible for such deposits. The common practice is to purge precipitator dust, because it is enriched in both Cl and K. Chlorides can be removed by re-crystallization and by leaching precipitator dust. Increasing liquor sulfidity also helps remove chloride from the system. In this paper we experimentally evaluated the removal of chloride from the ESP ash by treating with sulphuric acid as HC1 which can be collected and reused, unlike other methods which necessitate purging of chloride rich effluent.

3 illus, 5 tables, 13 ref

020053   Termazi N;Abbas F;Bukhart I H;Bhatti T M;Riaz M;Rafiq M A;Khan Q M;Noreen M;Gull Y (Environmental Sciences Dep, Government College Univ, Faisalabad-38000, Pakistan, Email: farhat@gcuf.edu.pk) : Synthesis and characterization of titanium dioxide nano particles and their application in environmental remediation of textile dyes. Asian J Chem 2013, 25(17), 9766-74.

The waste water of different textile industries when enter to a water body it impairs that water and inhibits sunlight to reach at the bottom thus affecting flora and also due to process of bioaccumulation and biomagnifications, it can harm fauna and ultimately humans. Moreover this waste water comes into contact with people when this polluted water is used for washing of different edibles as fruits and vegetables. In this study we synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles through co-precipitation method and tested their effect on remediation of different dyes. For this purpose we took reactive azo dyes from a manufacturing company and make synthetic effluents. Samples were prepared in accordance to the standard procedures and protocols.

22 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

020052   Sundara Raman T G;Shenoy R V;Karthik S;Selvam N;Sudarsana Srinivasan A (NO, Seshasayee Paper & Boards Limited, Erode-638 007) : Performance enhancement initiative in chemical recovery complex of seshasayee paper. IPPTA Jl 2012, 24(4), 139-45.

Paper dwells in select performance enhancement initiatives successfully implemented in the Chemical Recovery Complex encompassing Evaporator section, Chemical Recovery High pressure Cogeneration plant, Recausticizing and Rotary Lime Kiln bay of Seshasayee Paper mill. Thrust is given on schemes for maximizing Green energy generation from the High pressure Chemical Recovery Cogeneration plant for process use, thus relating to minimal grid power drawl. This apart, water conservation schemes in the style of Mist cooling and process condensate polishing for reuse as boiler feed water are being discussed. From the point of view of economy fuel switch scheme from furnace oil replacement to producer gas derived from high moisture lignitic coal gasified in the gasifier had been outlined.

6 illus, 7 tables, 3 ref

020051   Singla J;Singh S S J;Rose N M;Khambra K (Textile and Apparel Designing Dep, I.C. College of Home Sciences, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar, Haryana, Email: jyotisinghal354@gmail.com) : Colour fastness properties of tie-dyed cotton fibric with hot reactive dye. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(1), 79-81.

Colour fastness of fabric is very important aspect as end use of fabrics depends on this property. A study was conducted to investigate the colour fastness properties of tie-dyed cotton fabric using reactive dye. The tie-dyed samples were evaluated for colour fastness to washing, rubbing, light and perspiration using the methods prescribed by the Bureau of Indian Standards. The fabric was dyed with reactive dye in two dye concentrations i.e., 2 per cent and 4 per cent. In 2 per cent dye concentration, the washing fastness was excellent whereas in 4 per cent it was very good. Sunlight fastness was good in both 2 per cent and 4 per cent dye concentrations. Acidic perspiration fastness was good in both the dye concentrations and alkaline perspiration fastness was very good in 2 per cent dye concentration and it was fairly good in 4 per cent dye concentration. Dry rubbing fastness was excellent in both dye concentrations i. e. 2 and 4 per cent of reactive dye and wet rubbing fastness was very good with both the dye concentrations. The results concluded that colour fastness of the samples dyed with lower percentage gave better fastness than higher percentage indicating that more dye ions hinders the absorption of dye by the fabric.

2 tables, 9 ref

020050   Singh I J;Tyagi M K;Chauhan A (NO, State Paper Mills Ltd., Saharanpur-247 001) : Modified conventional causticizing (MCC)-a step towards cost reduction. IPPTA Jl 2012, 24(4), 111-3.

Paper industry in India is a century old industry. The industry has seen many ups and down with economic, environmental and energy issues. The industry is now strongly facing global competition and hurdling with lack of funds to adopt advanced technologies. In this competitive world cost reduction is a major challenge before the industry for it's survival. The cost of production is affected by two major factors i.e. internal and external. External factors are governed by the others while internal factors i.e. plant efficiency and energy consumption are in the control of industry itself. The internal action can be taken by adoption of new technologies which few of the paper mills already have adopted. However most of the mills are still at cross roads due to their inability to adopt these modern technologies due low scale of operation and high capital investment. For techno-economical reasons, these mills have to think towards indigenously low cost system to minimize the cost of production. In most of the paper mills, causticizing is a gray area due to high investment and hence becomes the limiting factor for capacity enhancement. The objective of this study was to mix green liquor with final white liquor to increase the production of white liquor at lower cost. The effect of green liquor charge and method to mix it with white liquor have been studied using a rule of proportionate mixing concerning concentration of hydroxyl ion, sulphides and carbonates.

4 tables, 4 ref

020049   Ruhil A;Yadav N;Khambra K;Arya N (Textile and Apparel Designing Dep, I.C. College of Home Science, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultral Univ, Hisar, Haryana) : Consumer preferences for the innovative curtains. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(1), 327-30.

An attempt has been made through this study to know about the consumer preference for the creative innovative curtains in order to incorporating the latest information regarding innovative curtains by using computer technology. Twenty five innovative designed curtains were developed by incorporating various designing techniques /features using Corel Draw. Among the total of twenty five innovative designed curtains, the five designs were preferred by the experts. These designs were developed with the combinations of different designing techniques/features i.e. embroidery, patch work, shirring, Toran, cowl effect etc.

1 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

020048   Rathi B H;Rao M R C;Mishra A;Kulkarni R (NO, The West Coast Paper Mills Ltd., Bangur Nagar, Dandeli-581 325, Karnataka) : Chemical recovery- cost effective and efficient operation in WCPM limited. IPPTA Jl 2012, 24(4), 155-60.

Four major operations done in chemical recovery operation are Evaporation of black liquor, firing the concentrated black liquor to extract the chemical in recovery boiler, preparation of cooking white liquor and lime mud reburning in rotary lime kiln. The main objectives of the recovery process are to recover the chemical used in cooking of wood and to beneficially recover the thermal energy from combustion of the organics. The present paper describes the efficient performance of west coast paper mill recovery operation w.r.t. Environment and Economics. The latest technologically updated Multiple Effect evaporator main features viz burkeite crystallization, sweetening, condensate segregation and efficient operation of recovery boiler and Electro Static Precipitator along with trouble shooting activities are discussed. The major achievement, which owes to West Cost paper Mill is attaining of highest recovery efficiency among the integrated pulp and paper industries in India. One of the first initiations to the credit of W.C.P.M. is installation of X-filter, which produces very clear green liquor as compared to conventional clarifiers. All these new features with their operation and advantages are covered in detail. The effect of non-process elements and the chemicals used in recovery operation are highlighted. The paper describes the counter steps taken for efficient black liquor management and to improve steam generation and steam economy. The paper is supported with black liquor properties, trend charts and diagrams of unique features. The concluding part includes the future vision of recovery operation w.r.t. evaporator, causticiser and boiler ESP capacity management and at the same time to make efforts to contribute in maintaining eco friendly green environment.

7 illus, ref

020047   Raghuveer S (NO, ITC-PSPD. Unit Bhadrachalam, Village Sarapaka, Distt. Khamman-507 128) : Need for efficient kraft chemical recovery boilers to generate green power. IPPTA Jl 2012, 24(4), 97-100.

Kraft chemical recovery boiler was an essential part of the pulp production process as it recovers and regenerates cooking liquors. With the rising energy costs and the security of supplying the future are causing the paper industry to re-think their overall energy strategy. In the past, the value of surplus energy was marginal compared to the price of pulp, but today paper mills are actively seeking process solutions that can help them generate a surplus of "green energy" that can substitute energy from grid power and purchased fossil fuels, which saves revenue. Critical to this energy self-sufficiency is a recovery plant capable of maximising the production of thermal energy while also efficiently recovering chemicals for the fiber line. The need of the hour is to have a recovery boiler that not only recovers chemicals and generates power efficiently, but also does this in a safe, reliable, and environmentally sound process. At ITC PSPD, Unit: Bhadrachalam, two old recovery boilers are replaced with two state-of-the-art chemical recovery boilers which also augment green energy.

4 illus, 3 tables, 9 ref

020046   Raghavan Karthik;Dasgupta S (NO, Agro Pulping Machinery (P) Ltd., 14. SIDCO Industrial Estate, Ambattar, Chennai-600 098) : Closing the pulp mill chemical cycle using fluidized bed technology. IPPTA Jl 2012, 24(4), 125-33.

Fluidized Bed Technology has been successfully implemented in recovering soda ash from black liquor for a number of pulp mills in India. Agro Pulping Machinery (Agro) has extended this technology to produce steam and power for medium size pulp mills as well as close the chemical recovery loop to produce white liquor and reburn lime mud. With increasing cost of caustic (INR 32/kg), it becomes more cost effective to produce green liquor from the output of the Fluidized Bed Incinerator for black liquor. This green liquor can be converted by conventional means of causticizers and slakers, into white liquor to be reused in pulp cooking process. However, the resulting lime mud is a pollutant and the new process proposed here is to tackle it by using a calciner based on fluidized bed (FB) technology. Since the major cost of the calciner is fuel, Agro's design includes a closed coupled biomass gasifier that supplies the fuel for burning the lime. The FB calciner produces lime at high purity and efficiency that can be reused in the recausticizing process of the green liquor. In this fashion, we can close the chemical recovery loop by installing a complete soda and lime cycle using fluidized bed technology fueled by biomass gasifier.

5 illus, 3 tables, 6 ref

020045   Punam Rani;Rose N M;Singh S S J;Yadav S (Textile and Apparel Designing Dep, I.C. College of Home Sciences, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar, Haryana, Email: nmrose@rediffmail.com) : Development of screen printing designs for saree using chinese motifs. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(1), 175-9.

Colour and designs have been used to enhance the intrinsic beauty of textiles from ancient time. It is believed that ornamentation by dyeing and printing developed earlier than the use of clothing itself. Design is the knowledgeable selection and application of the basic art elements i.e., line, shape, colour and texture to produce a unified expressive visual statement. Screen printing is a versatile process for design applications on textiles. The study was conducted to develop designs for saree suitable for screen printing. Thirty one Chinese motifs were identified for application in textiles comprising of 11 geometrical, 12 floral and 8 animal/birds motifs and created on computer using software Corel DRAW 9. Created motifs were got evaluated from 30 experts and 5 top ranked motifs were selected from each category. Selected motifs were used for development of 22 designs suitable for application on saree-blouse through screen printing. Out of 22 designs, 6 designs were finally selected for application on saree which were placed with all possible variations. These design arrangements were again shown to the experts to seek their preferences. Placement of saree border with scattered motifs (4.60) was preferred most followed by overall placement (3.96) and border placement (3.94).

3 illus, 4 tables, 3 ref

020044   Mohanty H K (NO, Emami Paper Mills Ltd., Gulmohar Unit, R.N. Tagore Road, P.O. Alam bazar, Dakshineswar, Kolkata-700 035) : Control of boiler emissions in waste paper based small paper mill- a case study. IPPTA Jl 2012, 24(4), 161-4.

Study mainly focuses on stack emission and the control strategy adopted in Emami Paper Mills Limited, Unit Gulmohar, where the reduction of stack emission was not only its challenge for existence but also a social commitment to the locality. To reduce the particulate emission, the optimisation in fuel combustion and necessary changes/modification was undertaken in fabric bag filtration system, after thorough investigation and analysis. The most significant achievement was the reduction of stack emission from the coal fired FBC boiler at an average level of 254 mg/Nm³ reduced to 50 mg/Nm³ with a substantial savings in maintenance cost and a faster return on investment.

7 illus, 3 tables, 3 ref

020043   Matthaus B;Ozcan M M (NO, , Piusallee 68/76, 48147 Munster, Germany, Email: mozcan@selcuk.edu.tr) : Fatty acid, tocopherol and sterol contents of forest pine seed oil. Asian J Chem 2013, 25(17), 9845-7.

Pine seed (Pinus pinea L.) oil was evaluated for oil content, fatty acid composition, tocopherol and sterol contents. The main identified fatty acids were palmitic acid (4.43%), oleic acid (18.78%), linoleic acid (60.39%) and linolenic acid (6.94%). The major tocopherols of seed oil was α-tocopherol (5.38%) and γ-tocopherol (37.46%). The total tocopherol content had 43.88 mg/100 g. The sterol contents of pine seed oil were established as 68.80% β-stosterol, 10.66% campesterol and 15.02% 5-avenasterol. The total sterol was determined as 5868.39 mg/kg.

3 tables, 7 ref

020042   Maheswaran D;Kandasamy R;Rajasekar N (NO, Tamil Nadu Newsprint & Papers Ltd., P.O. Kagithapuram-639 136 Dist., Karur) : Installation and operating experience of 12-pulse AC/DC converter fed AC drives in recovery boiler. IPPTA Jl 2012, 24(4), 105-10.

In this paper, the Installation and operating experience of Recovery Boiler drive power supply system and ID fan drive input current Harmonics in the 12-Pulse AC/DC converter fed AC Drives was studied. The 12-pulse Δ-Y type AC/DC converter will keep a balanced voltage with 30° phase shifted at the low coupling coefficient condition. Different converter arrangements for 12-pulse-based rectification are also studied and a novel harmonic mitigator capable of suppressing fifth and seventh harmonics in the supply current is presented. Finally Recovery boiler ID fan 585 kW, 690V, 12-pulse AC Drive Harmonic's measurements was presented.

10 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

020041   Magnus F (NO, Nan Oil SpS-Jyllandsgade 20-9000, Aalbarg, Denmark) : Nanoil technology retaining colloidal stability at high concentration for maximum energy conservation. IPPTA Jl 2012, 24(4), 91-2.

NanOil is based in Denmark and provides tailor made solutions for a number of industries that consume large quantities of diesel-based fossil fuels and in turn reduces their dependency on said fuel sources. The NanOil equipment will mix a quantity of water with the fuel source, and a chemical additive to improve the combustion characteristics of the fuel.

1 illus, 1 table

020040   Garg S;Garg N (Home Science Dep, Textile and Clothing, Ginni Devi Modi Girls P.G. College, Modinagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh) : Uniqueness of smocking with applique. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(1), 69-71.

The desire for introduction beauty and grace in appeal existed since Stone Age, Apparel reflects outward symbol of a person's attitude, behavior, interest, taste etc. Fashions determine the style and create an overall state of harmony and stability. Amongst the craft of textile embroidery occupies a significant place. The study revolves around designing and development a collection of dresses through applique on smocking with their applique on smocking. A study of smocking with applique were carried out and these were then adapted into their original and stylized from creating a whole collection to keep in view the avant grade young girls who are fashion leader. We have designed a collection of them because western painting and sculpture had been representational for so much of their history, artist who began to make abstract in the early 20th century through that they have discovered something radical new. This study tends to create a range of young girls garment prepared smocking with applique. Fabric related is hosiery, jute, satin, shannel, synthetic tissue, cotton, raw silk, are classic and in vogue in the fashion world. Colours used are red, pink, metallic green, silver grass copper, parrot green purple. A collection of 3 top, 1 skirt, 1 gown with short jacket were prepared with using smocking with applique.

9 illus, 8 ref

020039   Duarah P;Satvinder Kaur (NO, College of Home Science Assam Agricultural Univ, Jorhat, Assam, Email: pomimaduarah@rediffmail.com) : Effect of Telanthera ficoidea dye on mulberry silk. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(1), 269-76.

It was found that Telanthera flcoidea dye can be successfully used on mulberry silk fabric. The colour/shade obtained after the dyeing with mordant alum were cream, mid cream and with tea were dark brown, stone brown, golden brown and copper brown. Dye extracted in acidic medium and using tea as mordant for either pre, simultaneous and post-mordanting showed an increase in count, weight and thickness of mulberry silk fabric. Telanthera ficoidea dye offered even penetration to the fabric.

5 illus, 6 tables, 9 ref

020038   Dixit A K;Jain R K;Mathur R M (NO, Central Pulp & Paper Research Institute, Paper Mill Road, Near Himmat Nagar, Saharanpur-247 001) : Innovations & process development for efficient operation of chemical recovery system in paper industry. IPPTA Jl 2012, 24(4), 119-23.

Indian Paper Industry utilizes diversified ligno-cellulosic raw materials viz. woody and agro residue based requiring different process conditions during pulping. Due to the inherent nature of these raw materials black liquor resultant from the pulp mill is characterized by poor thermal properties & abnormally higher viscosities besides the presence of higher contents of non-porcess elements viz. Silica, Potassium & chlorides etc. which has a strong bearing on the operation of chemical recovery system. CPPRI with its long experience on working with these black liquors carried out extensive research work and developed various innovative process & technologies to overcome the problems being faced by the Indian paper industry which has resulted in the improved efficiency of chemical recovery system. The present paper describes the dedicated research & development efforts of CPPRI in the last more than two decades which has emerged in the form of development of various process technologies viz. Desilication of Silica rich black liquor, Thermal treatment of bagasse black liquor and removal of potassium & chlorides (Non-process elements) etc. These innovative technologies have been upscaled on the pilot scale and being commercialized for improved efficiency of chemical recovery system.

5 illus, 9 tables, 3 ref

020037   Dewan S; (Clothing and Textile Dep, Government Home Science College, Chandigarh, Email: daljit.dj@gmail.com) : Fashion illustration- a study through different colour mediums. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(1), 204-11.

Fashion illustration is usually, closely associated with the reproduction of fashion in the magazines, for the promotion and advertisement of the fashion designers, stores and boutiques. Fashion illustration not only deals with the sketches of the outfit, but also uses them to forecast trends and moods of society. The purpose of the study was to bring out the best colour medium for rendering the fashion illustrations in minimum time. Selected sketches of casual and formal wear fashion illustrations were rendered in ten different colour mediums on ivory and cartridge sheet. Time was noted in the preparation of every illustration. The results revealed that staedtler pencil colours and water colours gave the excellent effect on both ivory and cartridge sheets followed by prisma pencil colours on both sheets. They gave very good effect. Pearl colour gave good effect on both sheets and ranked on 3rd position by the judges. Dry pastel colours and poster colours gave a fair effect on ivory sheets. Rests of colour mediums were adjudged average in this study. It may be concluded that the designer's have the flexibility of using various colour mediums keeping in mind the time duration.

3 illus, 7 tables, 9 ref

020036   Daani S;Garg R (Home Science Dep, A.K.P. Post Graduate College, Hapur, Uttar Pradesh) : Study of the effect of different printing techniques with kantha embroidery. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(1), 292-4.

Present study was conducted to know the preference of respondents regarding different printing technique with Kantha embroidery to know the preference of respondent regarding motif and know the combination of different printings with Kantha embroidery.

5 tables, 6 ref

020035   Chatterjee A K (NO, K.R. Pulp & Papers Limited, Shahjahanpur-242 001) : "Lignosulfonate" is a valuable by-product from the black liquor. IPPTA Jl 2012, 24(4), 147-50.

Alkaline Sulfite cooking of wood-chips/bamboo/wheat straw/bagasse/sarkanda etc can produce the most valuable Product called "LIGNOSULFONATE" from the black-liquor, which is used to make admixture for cement-concrete, used in oil-drilling, as coal-dust binder to make smokeless fuel and many other.

4 illus, 7 tables, 4 ref

020034   Chandrasekaran R;Arun A;Mishra A (NO, Metso Power India Pvt. Ltd., Central Square 1, 5th Floor, CIPET Road, Thiru-vi-ka Industrial Estate, Guindy, Chennai-600 032) : Closing paper mills' operational cycles: next steps forward. IPPTA Jl 2012, 24(4), 115-8.

With the consistent pursuit of pulp and paper mills towards closing the system cycles owing to environmental and economic necessities, the collateral effects of unwanted non-process elements building up in the liquor cycle is highly evident world-wide. Of these unwanted contaminants, the build-up of chlorides and potassium are of major concern to the Chemical Recovery Boiler, and offer the biggest challenge towards plant availability, plant maintenance, and plant efficiency. Over a period of the years, the world has witnessed myriad technological advances, ranging from laboratory or pilot plant tests to commercial launch of the processes for removal of these elements. These processes are not only being implemented around the globe for new and existing mills, but are also proving their dramatic results. This paper highlights the technologies available as solutions for the industry to implement.

5 illus, 2 ref

020033   Bhore S S;Khan M A;Sudhir Kumar;Agrawal N (NO, Yash Papers Lt., Yash Nagar, P.O. Darshan Nagar, Faizabad-224 135) : Challenges in agro based chemical recovery to improve its overall performance. IPPTA Jl 2012, 24(4), 135-8.

Prime purpose of Soda Recovery Boiler is to recover chemicals and heat from the black liquor, efficient generation of steam and electrical power from the fuel values of the black liquor. Recovery operation consists of concentrating the weak black liquor for firing in the Recovery Boiler & to produce white liquor which is returned to the Pulp Mill for cooking. Overall purpose is to have maximum caustic recovery with minimum wastages, minimum conversion cost & meeting all the environmental norms. The present study describes the recovery of caustic from black liquor generated out of Baggase/Wheat straw cooking and the challenges/problems associated with the use of Baggase/Wheat straw WBL as raw material for the Chemical recovery plant. Paper describes the counter measures were taken to efficiently run the recovery plant to meet the pulp mill requirement with minimum make up & conversion cost & unique practices being followed in the Recovery Operations to overcome these difficulties. The practical difficulties faced on account of high silica along with a host of non process elements (NPEs) & low GCV of Bagasse/Straw WBL. Major challenges in agro-based chemical recovery are overall recovery efficiency drop, low concentration of black liquor from evaporator, steam economy, steam generation, ESP breakdowns, high lime consumption in causticizing, scaling, deposition at heat transfer surfaces, high moisture inside the ESP, improper combustions etc.

4 illus, 8 tables, 6 ref

020032   Bhattacharya J (NO, Honeywell Automation India Limited, Pune) : APC & optimization on chemical recovery island. IPPTA Jl 2012, 24(4), 93-5.

Model based predictive control has been around for over 20 years and is widely used in the industries. Over the years, APC has decisively demonstrated its value. Many leading companies have successfully applied APC to their most important process units. APC plays an important role in achieving the control and optimization benefits from the Recovery Block of Pulp and Paper plant, which typically consists of the Evaporator and the Recovery Boiler. Evaporator APC solution will produce liquor of improved quality, with less variation in the final dry solid content. With advanced control it also will be possible to increase the dry solids content target value, as result of a more even liquor quality and of a more stable coordinated process. Energy consumption can be reduced as result of the optimization. Recovery boiler APC will optimize the recovery boiler combustion controls continually monitoring the boiler operating conditions, calculating the optimum control parameters. The benefits of operating as an "ideal boiler" throughout the boiler load range include Stable operations. Increased production capacity, increased steam production, improved boiler efficiencies, decreased chemical usage and decreased flue gas emissions.

4 illus, ref

020031   Babel S (Textiles and Apparel Designing Dep, College of Home Science, Maharana Pratap Agriculture and Technology Un, Udaipur, Rajasthan) : Profile on women handloom workers of Rajasthan. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(1), 47-50.

Women play an important role in different home based cottage industry and other traditional art and crafts. Hand loom weaving is household industry where all the members of family participate. The women handloom workers and their specific role in fragmented manner do not reveal a clear cut picture of women's participation and time use pattern in various handloom related activities. Thus in The study an attempt has been made to asses the work profile of women handloom workers in terms of their participation in handloom weaving i.e. pre-weaving, weaving and post loom weaving. The study was conducted in Rajasthan state. Rajasthan state is divided into six divisions, one district from each division was selected on the basis of concentration of handloom weaving in the area, total six districts was selected. Thirty handloom weaving units were selected, from each unit one women respondent was purposively selected and interviewed for the purpose of data collection. The results of the study reveals that very high magnitude of women's participation was found in prim winding, creel winding, loosening and rewinding, checking and mending and storage. Spinning of yarn was carried out by few units it was solely performed by the women. Preparing warp reed filling, sizing of the yarn, setting of the loom were the activity where women were assisted by their counter parts. Women's participation was found very low in purchasing and selling activity. Further no significant difference was found in the time devotion pattern by men and women but significant difference was found on the basis of type of activity. On the basis of the study it can be concluded that women play significant role in handloom weaving due to their sincerity hard work and effective time management practices, what ever time the women gets after household task was consumed in handloom weaving to raise the quality of life of the family.

4 tables, 5 ref

020030   Babel R;Mehta S (Textile and Apparel Designing Dep, College of Home Science, Maharana Pratap Agriculture and Technology Un, Udaipur, Rajasthan) : Exploring the problems of craftsmen involved in traditional block printing. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(1), 82-5.

The earliest recorded history revealed that man decorated the fabric surface with natural sources perhaps his clothing first, than the other items necessary for his existence. India has a rich cultural heritage and its traditional printing is a great source of inspiration for apparel decoration.

4 illus, 6 tables, 4 ref

020029   Arun A;Mishra A (NO, Metso Power India Pvt. Ltd., Central Square 1, 5th Floor, CIPET Road, Thiru-vi-ka Indl. Estate, Guindy, Chennai-600 032) : High energy, eco-friendly, recovery boiler concept. IPPTA Jl 2012, 24(4), 101-3.

In today's dynamic competitive world, the process industries, including pulp and paper industries, are struggling with the challenges to meet the energy and environmental benchmarks set by technological advancements of the modem age. Heightened environmental awareness, coupled with stringent standards laid by regulatory authorities, ever increasing energy costs, tight competition for product quality are driving greater interest in optimised mill operations, energy efficient and eco-friendly technologies. As a result, many corporations are beginning to rethink their approach to energy and environmental management. Historically, most organizations took a defensive, compliance-oriented approach to the environment, focusing on delayed or lax regulation, and implementing end-of-pipe solutions. Today, the pulp and paper industry globally is undergoing a role transition from being merely pulp or paper manufactures to being bio-energy producers as well. The impact of these trends are clearly visible in the changing outlook of industry towards recovery boilers, from being merely combustion furnaces recovering chemicals, to power boosters and sulphur capture equipment, thereby adding more value to the organization, industry, and society. Changes in the energy cost and tight environmental regulations have led the industry to look for various options to achieve holistic energy balances.

2 illus, 2 tables, 4 ref

020028   Aparna P;Sharada Devi A (Apparel and Textiles Dep, College of Home Science, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural Univ, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, Email: aparnakallam26@gmail.com) : Geometrical and handle properties of banana blended textiles. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(1), 183-6.

In India, demand for textiles and readymade garments is continuously increasing with the increase in population and spending power of consumers. Banana fibre has high potential as a textile fibre besides being eco-friendly. Among popular varieties of banana, Pusavalli variety is found to have better physical characteristics than the other varieties of banana found in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The fibre was treated with eco-friendly enzymes for softening and then blended with jute in two ratios. Six types of fabrics were developed and the fabric properties were assessed. The objective of evaluation on geometrical and handle properties of the fabrics revealed that banana-jute blend (60:40) was better in all its characteristics. Fabrics can be produced with banana and banana blends by softening with enzymes for better acceptability.

2 tables, 5 ref

020027   Aparna P;Sharada Devi A (Apparel and Textiles Dep, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural Univ, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, Email: aparnakallam26@gmail.com) : Geometrical and handle properties of banana blended textiles. Asian J Home Sci 2013, 8(1), 65-8.

In India, demand for textiles and readymade garments is continuously increasing with the increase in population and spending power of consumers. Banana fibre has high potential as a textile fibre besides being eco-friendly. Among popular varieties of banana, Pusavalli variety is found to have better physical characteristics than the other varieties of banana found in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The fibre was treated with eco-friendly enzymes for softening and then blended with jute in two ratios. Six types of fabrics were developed and the fabric properties were assessed. The objective evaluation on geometrical and handle properties of the fabrics revealed that banana-jute blend (60:40) was better in all its characteristics. Fabrics can be produced with banana and banana blends by softening with enzymes for better acceptability.

2 tables, 7 ref

018979   Wu J;Guo H;Ke J;Fan J (School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile Univ, Wuhan 430200, China, Email: jihong_wu@wtu.edu.cn) : Studies on kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of natural dye curcumin on PLA fibre. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2013, 38(4), 424-6.

Dyeing kinetics and t

^ssc3 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

018978   Tyagi G K;Goyal A;Chattopadhyay R (NO, The Technological Institute of Textile & Sciences, Bhiwani-127 021, Email: drgktyagi@rediffmail.com) : Low-stress and recovery characteristics of tencel blended ring, rotor and MJS yarns. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2013, 38(4), 331-9.

Low-stress and recovery properties of ring, rotor and MJS yarns spun from tencel-polyester and tencel-cotton fibre mix have been studied. In comparison with ring and MJS yarns, rotor-spun yarns are more bulky, possess low tensile energy and resilience, lower immediate elastic recovery and have higher delayed elastic recovery and permanent deformation. Ring- spun yarns, on the other hand, possess least decay but behave poorly during abrasion test for 200 cycles. An increase in tencel content in both tencel-polyester and tencel-cotton mixes produces a compact yarn with reduced abrasion resistance, structural integrity and tensile resilience, poor recovery properties, and higher tensile energy. Generally, tencel-polyester yarns display better low-stress characteristics, except the abrasion resistance. Recovery properties have been found to significantly deteriorate with the increase in amplitude of extension regardless of yarn structure.

7 tables, 17 ref

018977   Sular V;Oner E;Okur A (Textile Engineering Dep, Engineering Faculty, Dokuz Eylul Univ, Izmir, Turkey, Email: vildan.sular@deu.edu.tr) : Roughness and frictional properties of cotton and polyester woven fabrics. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2013, 38(4), 149-56.

Roughness and frictional properties of cotton and polyester fabrics and relationship between these properties have been investigated and compared. Two sets of test samples comprising nine cotton and twelve polyester fabrics have been woven by systematically changing parameters such as weave type, weft setting and linear density of weft yarn. The fabric roughness measurements are conducted by using a new surface roughness tester for textile applications and the fabric friction measurements are performed with a friction attachment adaptable to a tensile tester. All the results are statistically evaluated in relation to the structural parameters of the test fabrics by using multivariate variance analyses. The relationship between roughness and frictional properties is examined by correlation analyses. For all the test fabrics, it can be noted that an increase in weft setting causes decrease in fabric roughness values for every weave type and this tendency is in accordance with the fabric friction results. When the relationships between the frictional and roughness values are examined, statistically significant and high correlations are determined for both of the cotton and polyester fabrics.

4 illus, 6 tables, 19 ref

018976   Subramaniyan G;Sundaramoorthy S;Andiappan M (Textile Technology Dep, Anna Univ, Chennai-600 025, Email: ssresgroup12@gmail.com) : Ultraviolet protection property of mulberry fruit extract on cotton fabrics. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2013, 38(4), 420-3.

Anthocyanin extracted from mulberry fruit has been applied onto the cotton fabric for protection against ultraviolet radiation. The amount of anthocyanin present in the mulberry extracts has been evaluated by pH differential method. The effect of anthocyanin concentration and its pH on the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) of the fabric is studied. The study shows that higher concentration of anthocyanin at acidic pH yields higher UPF to the fabric than lower concentration. It is also found that there is no difference in UPF between the fabrics treated with crude mulberry fruit extract and the fabric treated with anthocyanin extracted from the mulberry fruit.

2 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref