026148   HANAFI, FOLIATINI, SETYAWATI S R, ROCHAENI H (Chemical Analysis Dep, Polytechnic of AKA Bogor, Bogor 16158, Indonesia, Email: foliatini@gmail.com) : Biodegradable poly(lactic acid) based food packaging incorporated with antioxidant from extract of several plants. Asian J Chem 2018, 30(3), 541-5.

The demand for smart biodegradable food packaging is increasing due to its capability to preserve food product and maintain food stability. Natural antioxidant food packaging based on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) can be synthesized by addition of certain extract of plant into the polymer matrix. In this study, we develop PLA-based antioxidant food packaging modified with extract of turmeric, mangosteen skin and soursop leaves. The as-obtained film were characterized by several thermal and mechanical assessment, antioxidant assay and applied for packaging of orange fruit. The results showed that the PLA based food packaging incorporated with extract of turmeric, mangosteen skin and soursop leaves have antioxidant activity with IC₅₀ of 0.83-2.11 %, 0.24-0.30 %, 1.89-4.33 %, respectively. The peaks from FTIR spectra indicated integration of the antioxidant aromatic compound into the polymer matrix. The tensile strength and percentage of elongation of these films were in the range of 12.5-27.83 MPa and 4.00-11.67 %, respectively. DSC curves and XRD diffractogram of these films revealed that these films were semicrystalline. These films have been proved to be an antioxidant food packaging which retarded the rate of decay of orange fruit.

5 illus, 5 tables, 20 ref

026147   VIVEKANANDHAN S C, CHANDRAMOHAN M, SELVAM P (Medicine Dep, Kalasalingam Univ, Krishnankoil-626 126, Email: selvaamin@gmail.com) : Design, synthesis and characterization of biogenic chloroquine silver nanoparticles as potential anticancer agent against neuroblastoma cells. Asian J Chem 2018, 30(3), 537-40.

Chloroquine (4-aminoquinoline derivative) an old antimalarial drug is a versatile bioactive agent and reported to have board spectrum of activity including anticancer and antiviral activity and firmly repositioned in these latter indications. In literature report of chloroquine retinopathy upto 0.5 % was noted to circumvent this toxicity and increase the efficacy of the drug. We ventured to develop a novel approach of the green synthesis of chloroquine silver nanoparticles and anticancer activity of the same was tested by MTT against Neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Yc) and cytotoxicity was also investigated against normal Vero cells by MTT assay. We prepared chloroquine silver nanoparticles by an ecofriendly method and was characterized using FT-IR, UV-visible, SEM and PXRD techniques. Anticancer activity of chloroquine silver nanoparticles was tested against Neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Yc) by MTT assay and cytotoxicity in vero cells. The UV-visible spectrum for prepared silver nanoparticles shows sharp peak at 434 nm confirms the presence of silver nanoparticles. SEM analysis showed that the nanoparticles are spherical in shape and average size of the particles are 254 nm. Powder XRD studies, 2q value (220), (111), (211) confirms that the biosynthesized nanoparticles are in crystalline nature. The prepared chloroquine silver nanoparticles showed significant anticancer activity against Neuroblastoma cells by MTT assay with inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of 33.79 μg/mL, where as cytotoxicity (CC₅₀) of chloroquine silver nanoparticles in Vero cells was found to be 173.79 μg/mL.

7 illus, 23 ref

026146   ANJANI, WATI M, KHABIRUDDIN M (Chemistry and Biochemistry Dep, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: anjali.roshni5@gmail.com) : Effect of acetone extract of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) meal on stability of crude and refined soybean oil. Asian J Chem 2018, 30(3), 533-6.

The antioxidative effect of acetone extracts of sesame and sunflower meal on stability of crude and refined soybean oil (C&RSO) stored for 120 days at 50 ºC was determined by monitoring the free fatty acid, p-anisidine value and peroxide value. The oil was dosed with different concentrations (500, 1000 and 2000 ppm) of the extracts and tert-butylated hydroxyquinone and propyl gallate (conc. of both 200 ppm). Free fatty acid, p-anisidine value and peroxide value of crude and refined soybean oil containing sesame and sunflower meal extract were lower than crude and refined soybean oil containing no additive. However, refined soybean oil had much higher free fatty acid, p-anisidine value and peroxide value than crude soybean oil because some natural antioxidants such as carotene, tocopherol lost during refining. The sesame and sunflower extract have better antioxidant activity than propyl gallate but less than tert-butylated hydroxyquinone. Results suggest that sesame and sunflower meal extract could be used as alternative natural antioxidants with wide food applications.

6 illus, 22 ref

026145   SIVAKUMAR P R, SRIKANTH A P (Chemistry Dep, Government Arts Coll, Coimbatore-641 018, Email: apsrikanth8@gmail.com) : Gloriosa superba Linn. extract as eco-friendly inhibitor for mild steel in acid medium: A comparative study. Asian J Chem 2018, 30(3), 513-9.

The comparative studies of various parts of the plant Gloriosa superba Linn. extract (leaves, flowers, stems, tubers) were carried out to investigate the corrosion protection efficiency on the corrosion of mild steel in 1 N HCl medium by using mass loss method, polarization measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy at room temperature. Polarization measurements showed that the studied extract acts as mixed type inhibitor with significant reduction of cathodic and anodic current densities. Organic moieties present in the extract are found responsible for effective performance of inhibitor which is well supported by FTIR studies. On comparison, optimum inhibition efficiency was found in Gloriosa superba Linn. stem extracts with 99.80 % at 15 ppm concentration. The nature of protective film formed on the mild steel surface has been confirmed by SEM analysis. The surface coverage values fits well to the Temkin adsorption isotherm.

7 illus, 6 tables, 59 ref

026144   NGUYEN D C T, OH D-H, OH W-C (Advanced Materials Science & Engineering Dep, Hanseo Univ, Chungnam 356-706, Republic of Korea, Email: wc_oh@hanseo.ac.kr) : Immobilization of Bi₂O₃ particles on activated carbon fiber and its photodegradation performance for pollutant dyes. Asian J Chem 2018, 30(3), 491-8.

A combination of activated carbon fiber and bismuth oxide (Bi₂O₃) was prepared using a facile, one-step hydrothermal method. The resulting photocatalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, FT-IR spectra and BET method. UV-spectrophotometry was employed to measure the decrease in the concentration of rhodamine B, methylene blue trihydrate and reactive black B dyes in an aqueous solution after degradation with the photocatalysts under irradiation with visible light. The results contributes a new material to photocatalytic activity.

9 illus, 2 tables, 37 ref

026143   KUMAR H, YADAV V (Chemistry Dep, Ch. Devi Lal Univ, Sirsa-125 055, Email: harimoudgil1@gmail.com) : Aloe vera L. as green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 5.0 m hydrochloric acid solution. Asian J Chem 2018, 30(3), 474-8.

The leaf gel of Aloe vera L. was examined for its anti-corrosion properties for mild steel in 5.0 M hydrochloric acid as corroding solution by using different techniques like weight loss, gasometric, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. Aloe vera L. extract is selected for this study in view of its rich source of organic molecules. The percentage corrosion inhibition efficiency (PCIE) is found to increase with increase in concentration of Aloe vera L. i.e. from 0.1 to 4.0 g/L. Electrochemical experiments confirms that Aloe vera L. acts as a mixed-type green corrosion inhibitor. The activation parameters obtained from corrosion experiments showed that the inhibitor is adsorbed by both physisorption and chemisorption method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and trinocular inverted metallurgical research microscopy study confirms the physisorption adsorption of Aloe vera L. molecules on the surface of mild steel. 97 % corrosion inhibition efficiency was shown by 4 g/L of Aloe vera L. in 5 M HCl solution for mild steel.

3 illus, 5 tables, 20 ref

026162   ULLAS A V, SHARMA P K, CHANDEL P, SHARMA P, KUMAR D, KUMAR D, ROY P K (DRDO-Centre for Fire, Explosive and Environment Safety, Delhi -110 054, Email: pk_roy2000@yahoo.com) : Epoxy-glass microballoon syntactic foams for blast mitigating applications. Def Sci J 2018, 68(2), 210-7.

Polymeric syntactic foams refer to a class of cellular material created using preformed hollow spheres bound together with a polymeric matrix. These cellular materials possess exceptional ability to respond against high impact dynamic loads. This paper is an attempt to fabricate polymeric syntactic foams of epoxy containing hollow glass microballoon at varying loading (40 % - 60 %) and explore their potential towards blast mitigation. The tensile, compressive and flexural strength were found to be inversely proportional to the microballoon loading in the quasistatic regime. The strain rate sensitivity of the foams was confirmed by performing high strain rate studies using split hopkinson pressure bar. The flow stress of these foams was found to increase with increasing strain rates. The syntactic foams were subjected to controlled transient blast loadings using a shock tube. The samples remained intact and no strain was observed on the strain gauge, even under a blast load of ~ 90 psi, which clearly highlight their potential as core materials for blast mitigating applications.

8 illus, 2 tables, 28 ref

026157   KUMAR A, MAJUMDAR R S, DHEWA T (School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda Univ, Greater Noida- 201 306, Email: rita.singh@sharda.ac.in) : In vitro efficacy of biosynthesized AgNPs against Streptococcus mutans causing dental plaque formation. J Sci Ind Res 2018, 77(3), 225-8.

Nanoparticles have been suggested as useful antibacterial and anti-plaque solutions for patients with dental caries. The purpose of this study was to compare the antimicrobial and antiplaque effects of silver nanoparticles synthesized by using Viola serpens plant. Furthermore, oral cavities are inhabited by both commensal and pathogenic bacterial species. In some conditions bacteria belonging to the indigenous or resident oral microorganisms can lead to infectious dental diseases. The total 40 samples were collected analyzed for the prevalence of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in dental plaque. Total recovered isolates were 32 out of which 18 S. mutans were isolated, and the prevalence of recovered isolates was found to be 45 %. In the present investigation, the evaluation of efficacy of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles against recovered isolates was performed using agar well diffusion method and were found to be moderately effective against the three strains of S. mutans in comparison to reference drug.

3 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

026156   ONUEGBU C U, AGGARWAL A, SINGH N B (Sharda Univ, Greater Noida, Email: nbsingh43@gmail.com) : ZnO nanoparticles as feed supplement on growth performance of cultured African catfish fingerlings. J Sci Ind Res 2018, 77(3), 213-8.

An experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) (T₁) and macro zinc oxide (ZnO) (T₂) as feed additives against basal diet (control), on the growth performance, blood parameters and carcass quality of African catfish. nZnO was synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopic techniques. Different levels (0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 g Kg^-1) of each of the treatments (T₁ and T₂) were supplemented to a basal fish feed and, together with the control, fed to different groups of the fingerlings for a period of 7 weeks. Fish fed control diet (C) showed significantly (p < 0.05) lower percent weight gain compared to those fed T₁ and T₂ diets at the end of the experimental period. T₁ showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher performance as compared to T₂. Protein content was significantly higher in control diet fed fish compared to those fed T₁ and T₂ diets, and significantly higher in fish fed T₂ compared to those fed T₁diets. Fat content in fish followed the dietary sequence T₁ < T₂ < Control. Hematological parameters (RBCs, WBCs, Hb and Hct) increased significantly in the order Control < T₁ < T₂. Nano form of zinc oxide was found to be a better form of dietary zinc supplement than bulk zinc oxide

4 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

026142   AMIRSOLEIMANI M, KHALILZADEH M A, SADEGHIFAR F, SADEGHIFAR H (Wood and Paper Science Dep, Islamic Azad Univ, Sari, Iran, Email: hsadegh@ncsu.edu) : Surface modification of nanosatrch using nano silver: a potential antibacterial for food package coating. J Food Sci Technol 2018, 55(3), 899-904.

Starch nanocrystal was prepared using weak sulfuric acid hydrolysis at 40 °C. Transmission electron micrographs of dilute suspensions of starch nanocrystals showed round particles with a diameter ranging from 20 to 40 nm. SEM of freeze dried samples showed separated particles between 40 and 100 nm and confirmed production of starch nano particles. XRD patterns obtained for the prepared nanostarch and raw starch sample showed no special pattern of crystallinity for starch sample. Extracted nanostarch showed pattern of crystallinity with the peaks at Bragg angles (2θ) at about 15° and 23°, and a doublet at 17° and 18°. The crystalline structure of prepared sample was A-type. FTIR spectra confirmed the particles oxidation. Nano silver particle was precipitated on the starch nano particle. UV spectra confirmed the presence of silver particle on the starch particles. Inhibitions tests of nanostarch bearing nano silver on three types of bacteria was investigated. The inhibition test results were 25 µg/mL for S. aureus, and S. typhi, and 12.5 µg/mL for E. coli.

6 illus, 21 ref

024900   NETO J B S, CARVALHO E F U D, GARCIA R H L, SILVA A M S, RIELLA H G, DURAZZO M (Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Email: mdurazzo@ipen.br) : Production of uranium tetrafluoride from the effluent generated in the reconversion via ammonium uranyl carbonate. Nucl Eng Technol 2017, 49(8), 1711- 6.

Uranium tetrafluoride (UF₄) is the most used nuclear material for producing metallic uranium by reduction with Ca or Mg. Metallic uranium is a raw material for the manufacture of uranium silicide, U₃Si₂, which is the most suitable uranium compound for use as nuclear fuel for research reactors. By contrast, ammonium uranyl carbonate is a traditional uranium compound used for manufacturing uranium dioxide UO₂ fuel for nuclear power reactors or U₃O₈-Al dispersion fuel for nuclear research reactors. This work describes a procedure for recovering uranium and ammonium fluoride (NH₄F) from a liquid residue generated during the production routine of ammonium uranyl carbonate, ending with UF₄ as a final product. The residue, consisting of a solution containing high concentrations of ammonium (NH₄⁺), fluoride (F¯), and carbonate (CO₃^2-), has significant concentrations of uranium as UO₂²⁺. From this residue, the proposed procedure consists of precipitating ammonium peroxide fluorouranate (APOFU) and NH₄F, while recovering the major part of uranium. Further, the remaining solution is concentrated by heating, and ammonium bifluoride (NH₄HF₂) is precipitated. As a final step, NH₄HF₂ is added to UO₂, inducing fluoridation and decomposition, resulting in UF₄ with adequate properties for metallic uranium manufacture.

8 illus, 3 tables, 26 ref

024899   HERMAN A, EKBERG C (Chemistry Dep, Chalmers Univ of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden, Email: aneta@chalmers.se) : A uranium nitride doped with chromium, nickel or aluminum as an accident tolerant fuel. J Mater Sci 2017, 5(4), 83-99.

Uranium nitride (UN) is a possible accident tolerant fuel candidate for light water reactors. Apart from advantages in high metal density and high thermal conductivity, it suffers from low stability in water. We have suggested exploiting metal inclusions to enhance its stability in water by forming a protective layer. A uranium nitride doped with chromium (Cr 2.7 wt%), nickel (Ni 2.8 wt%) or aluminum (Al 1.5 wt%) was prepared by internal sol gel and carbothermal reduction. An electron dispersive spectroscopy revealed a homogeneous distribution of metals in all sol-gel products. The carbothermal reduction was performed in the N₂+5%H₂ mixture at 1500°C for 6 hours. X-ray diffraction confirmed UN phase formation in the samples. Pellets were manufactured by sintering in argon at 1800°C for 6 hours. During the sintering, a majority of the chromium evaporated from a surface, nickel moved towards the grain boundaries and aluminum formed an agglomerate on the rim of a pellet. Finally, the pellets were boiled in water at normal pressure. A reference pellet of pure UN utterly collapsed after 2 hours of boiling. Both nickel and aluminum doped pellets disintegrated within a couple of minutes. The chromium doped pellet did not collapse during 5 hours of boiling. This indicated a clear improvement in corrosion resistance of the uranium nitride based material.

27 illus, 3 tables, 47 ref

024898   CHATTERJEE S, ANITA J, SUBRAMANIAN A, SUBRAMANIAN S (VIT Univ, Vellore- 643 014, Email: sangeethasubramanian@vit.ac.in) : Synthesis and characterization of manganese dioxide using Brassica oleracea (cabbage). J Ind Pollut Control 2017, 33(2), 1627- 32.

Current research is focused on synthesis of sustainable and environment friendly process of particles for effluent treatment applications. To further enhance the prospects of eco-friendly approach, the current study is dedicated to the green synthesis of Manganese dioxide microparticles that has a wide range of applications from waste water treatment, heavy metal remediation to electronic applications. A procedure to obtain the Manganese dioxide particles from Brassica oleracea (cabbage) leaves has been devised. Effect of initial KMnO4 concentration, amount of Brassica oleracea (cabbage) leaves extract, pH and temperature of the solution was evaluated. The obtained Manganese oxide particles were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The particle size was found to be in the range of 10-20 μm with 15.98% Manganese content. The X-ray diffraction revealed the presence of tetragonal MnO2 crystals (Pyrolusite) and the sample peaks on the diffraction graph coincided with the peaks for Manganese (IV) oxide.

5 illus, 1 table, 28 ref

024897   POLITAEVA N, BAZARNOVA Y, SMYATSKAYA Y, SLUGIN V, PROKHOROV V (Saint Petersburg State Polytechnical Univ, Russia, Email: conata07@list.ru) : Impact of carbon dopants on sorption properties of chitosan-based materials. J Ind Pollut Control 2017, 33(2), 1617- 21.

This paper presents several carbon materials (graphene, thermally expanded graphite, fullerenes, fullerene black), which are widely used in various areas of science and technology. Carbon materials are extensively used for water purification. Here we describe graphene-based nanocomposites which are used for sorption of heavy metals from water and for sorption of tetracycline from human body. We also describe composite materials based on thermally expanded graphite, which are highly effective for water purification from heavy metal ions and oil products. We provide examples of shungite with fullerenes usage for water purification and disinfection. We created sorption materials in the form of granules which consist of chitosan and carbon dopants. Carbonized millet threshing waste and fullerene black were used as carbon dopants. It was shown, that 10% additive of fullerene black increases mechanical integrity of the obtained granules and possesses almost the same properties as activated carbon of different grades. The following properties of the obtained sorption materials were determined experimentally: efficiency of model waste water purification from iron (III) cations; sorption capacity for iodine and methylene blue. It was shown, that carbon dopants (carbonized millet threshing waste and fullerene black) possess hydrophobic properties.

1 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

024896   PATEL S, MAURYA R, SOLANKI H (Botany Dep, Gujarat Univ, Ahmedabad, Email: swetapatel93.sp@gmail.com) : Phytoremediation of treated industrial effluent collected from Ahmedabad mega pipe line. J Ind Pollut Control 2017, 33(2), 1202- 8.

Present paper deals with phytoremediation ability of Pistia stratiotes L. Accumulation ability of Pistia stratiotes L. has been used to remediate treated industrial effluent collected from Ahmedabad mega pipe line. Industrial effluents released by Ahmedabad GIDC cluster are treated at central effluent treatment plant (CEPTs). Treated effluents are released into Sabarmati River through mega pipe line. Study reveals decrease in turbidity, chloride content, calcium hardness, acidity, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand due to remediation property of Pistia. Study also adds growth rate of Pistia in effluent of Ahmedabad mega pipe line.

14 illus, 18 ref

024895   SHARATH D, EZANA J, SHAMIL Z (Chemical Engineering Dep, Wolkite Univ, Wolkite - 07, Ethiopia, Email: daidasharath@gmail.com) : Production of activated carbon from solid waste rice peel (husk) using chemical activation. J Ind Pollut Control 2017, 33(2), 1132- 9.

Activated Carbon is an essential substance for many industrial activities. For instance, bleaching agent (in sugar factory) and for water filtration. Most of the Activated Carbon for industrial activities is being imported from other countries. However, there is no sufficient amount of production to satisfy the need in our country and the demand for Activated Carbon in the market is high. So, to satisfy the demand the Activated Carbon is being produced using solid waste Rice Husk. The purpose of this project is the preparation of Activated Carbon using a suitable rice husk. The Activated Carbon produced from Pyrolysis of rice husk was chemically activated with activating agent sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The chemically activated carbons were characterized by measuring yield percentage and bulk densities. The activated carbon produced from rice husk at different activating temperature of 650ºC, 700ºC and 800ºC exhibit a yield percentage of 48.2%, 47.65% and 45.95% respectively and corresponding bulk densities were 0.2 g/ml, 0.16 g/ml and 0.117 g/ml respectively. Proximate analysis also performed for precursor selection to choose the appropriate precursor. The quality of activated carbon is highly proportional to the dehydration rate of the sample and also on the process of removal of the volatile substances present in the precursor. According to proximate analysis, rice husk has a volatile matter of 68.06%, ash content 0.952%, fixed carbon content 20.988% and moisture content of 10%. This contributes to a total volatile content (easily escapable components) of about 68.06%. The proximate analysis of rice husk also reveals that the selected rice husk has good carbon content which is 20.988%. Therefore, proximate analysis served as an evidence for choosing rice husk as the precursor. Finally, a preliminary material and energy balance on pyrolysis or carbonization was performed.

5 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

024894   TEIXEIRA G H D A, SANTOS L O, JUNIOR L C C, DURIGAN J F (de Produccao Vegetal Dep, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Brazil, Email: gustavo@fcav.unesp.br) : Effect of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and oxygen (O₂) levels on quality of ?Palmer? mangoes under controlled atmosphere storage. J Food Sci Technol 2018, 55(1), 145- 56.

With the objective to evaluate the modifications in the fruit quality, ‘Palmer’ mangoes were stored at 12.8 °C for 30 days in controlled atmosphere storage that contained a low level of oxygen (5 kPa) which was associated with increasing levels of carbon dioxide CO₂ (0, 1 ,5 , 10, 15 and 20 kPa CO₂). Controlled atmosphere storage did not effect mango respiration. However, transfer man-goes, that were previously stored at high levels of CO₂ (5 kPa O₂ + 15 kPa CO₂ and 5 kPa O₂ + 20 kPa CO₂) to ambient temperature presented higher respiratory rates. No significant effects of increasing CO₂ levels on color (L*, chromaticity, and hue angle), firmness, physical–chemical parameter and carbohydrate metabolism (total and reducing sugars, soluble pectin) were observed. After transfer to ambient temperature the mangoes ripened normally with-out any signs of CO₂ injury. Therefore, the increment levels of CO₂ neither improved the quality of the ‘Palmer’ mangoes nor presented a synergistic effect with low-oxygen when compared to 5 kPa O₂-control.

2 illus, 5 tables, 33 ref

024893   KUMAR M, SARMA P, DKHAR M S, KAYANG H, RAGHUWANSHI R, DUBEY N K (Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi- 221 005, Email: nkdubeybhu@gmail.com) : Assessment of chemically characterised Gaultheria fragrantissima Wall. essential oil and its major component as safe plant based preservative for millets against fungal, aflatoxin contamination and lipid peroxidation during storage. J Food Sci Technol 2018, 55(1), 111- 9.

The present study aims survey of fungi causing deterioration of millets during storage, detection of aflatoxigenic fungal strains ans assessment of chemically characterized Gaultheria fragrantissiuma Wall essential oil (EO) and its major component methyl salicylate (MS) as plant based preservative. Essential oil (EO) and its major component methyl salicylate (MS) as plant based preservative was evaluated. In this study a total of 13 fungal species along with toxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus were isolated from the millets. Chemical characterization of G. fragrantissima EO through GC–MS analysis revealed Methyl salicylate (98.04%) as major component. The EO significantly inhibited growth and aflatoxin B₁ production by toxigenic strain of A. flavus LHP (B)-7 at 1.0 and 0.7 µl ml^-1 respectively. In addition, EO exhibited remarkable antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ 7.5 µl ml^-1). EO and MS showed non phytotoxic nature on germination of millets. The LD₅₀ of the EO was 3833.33 µl kg^-1 for mice showing favourable safety profile. In view of side effects of synthetic preservatives, the study recommends G. fragrantissima EO as a safe plant based preservative to enhance shelf-life of food commodities during storage.

1 illus, 4 tables, 38 ref

024892   OLIVEIRA E R, CALIARI M, JUNIOR M S S, OLIVEIRA A R, DUARTE R C M, BOAS E V D B V (Food Engineering Dep, Federal Univ of Goias, Brazil, Email: erica_le@hotmail.com) : Assessment of chemical and sensory quality of sugarcane alcoholic fermented beverage. J Food Sci Technol 2018, 55(1), 72- 81.

This study aimed to verify the technological feasibility, chemical quality and sensory acceptance of alcoholic fermented beverage obtained from sugarcane juice. A completely randomized design was applied. Sugar and alcohol content, phenolic (HPLC–MS) and volatile (GS–MS) compounds, pH, density, dry matter and acidity of the fermented beverage of sugarcane were quantified, as well as the acceptance of the product was carried out. The complete fermentation of sugarcane lasted 7 days, and it was obtained an alcohol content of 8.0% v/v. Titrable acidity of the beverage was of 67.31 meq L^-1, pH 4.03, soluble solids of 5° Brix, reducing sugar of 0.07 g glucose 100 g^-1, density of 0.991 g cm^-3, reduced dry matter of 14.15 g L^-1, sulfates lower than 0.7 g K₂SO₄ L^-1. Various phenolic compounds, among which, gallic acid (10.97%), catechin (1.73%), chlorogenic acid (3.52%), caffeic acid (1.49%), vanillic acid (0.28%), p-coumaric acid (0.24%), ferulic acid (6.63%), m-coumaric acid (0.36%), and o-coumaric acid (0.04%). Amongst aromatic compounds, were found mainly esters with fruity aromas (ethyl ester hexanoic acid and ethyl ester octanoic acid). The sugarcane juice can be commercialized as an alternative wine, as it presented adequate features to an alcoholic fermented beverage and was sensory accepted by consumers.

4 tables, 53 ref

024891   RANA N, GHOSH K S, CHAND S, GATHANIA A K (Physics Dep, National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur- 177 005, Email: akgathania@yahoo.com) : Investigation of ZnO nanoparticles for their applications in wastewater treatment and antimicrobial activity. Indian J Pure Appl Phy 2018, 56(1), 19- 25.

The photocatalytic as well as the antimicrobial activity of the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) through solution based approach have been presented in this study. ZnO-NPs have been characterised by thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), ultraviolet-visible (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. Raman studies confirm that it has stable wurtzite structure. FTIR spectrum confirms the Zn–O band at ~460 cm^-1. Optical studies reveal that the optical band gap value increases with increasing annealing temperature. The photocatalytic activity of the ZnO-NPs has been evaluated for removal of pollutants from wastewater by measuring COD and BOD. Results show that ZnO-NPs are capable of working efficiently for waste water treatment. ZnO-NPs also demonstrate antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains.

6 illus, 38 ref

024890   ALI N A, HUSSEIN N A, CHIAD B T, Al-DUJAYLI S M A (Physics Dep, Baghdad Univ, Baghdad, Iraq, Email: sundus_mabas@yahoo.com) : Diferuloylmethane anchored anatase TiO₂ nanoparticle for dye sensitized solar cell. Indian J Pure Appl Phy 2018, 56(1), 13- 8.

Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) have been constructed by using diferuloylmethane dye as natural photosensitizers for anatase nanostructure TiO₂ thin film coated on FTO conductive glass substrate. Structural and morphological properties of the semiconductor films have been characterized by X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscopy, respectively, as well as, the wavelength of the maximum absorbance of the dye anchored on TiO₂ film has been studied by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The XRD pattern of TiO₂ thin films made by Doctor-blading deposition technique has revealed that the grain size of TiO₂ is equal to 40 nm. The photovoltaic performance of the cells have been investigated in terms of power conversion efficiency, furthermore the effect of different spectroscopic parameters on the PV performance of constructed DSSC has been studied.

10 illus, 1 tables, 30 ref

024889   KUNDU V S, CHAUHAN N, KUMAR S (Electronic Science Dep, Kurukshetra Univ, Kurukshetra- 136 119, Email: vskundu_kuk@rediffmail.com) : Enhanced photocatalytic and disinfection activities of silver loaded ordered mesoporous titanium dioxide for water treatment. Indian J Pure Appl Phy 2017, 55(12), 881- 9.

In the present paper ordered mesoporous titanium dioxide (TiO₂) has been synthesized by using the nanocasting method with SBA-15 as a hard template and titanium alkoxide as the precursor. The silver has been loaded onto the obtained ordered mesoporous TiO₂ using photoreduction method. The physicochemical properties of as-prepared and calcined silver loaded mesoporous titanium dioxide (SMTO) have been characterized by various techniques. The XRD pattern confirms the existence of tetragonal anatase-rutile mixed phases of TiO₂ with a crystallite size of the range of 12-15 nm. SEM and TEM images show that the aggregation of nanocrystalline phase results in the formation of nanometer sized mesoporous TiO₂ with a well-defined spherical morphology and retained ordered structure. The as-obtained samples exhibit good photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B, Congo red and methyl orange dyes as model water contaminant at room temperature with UV light irradiation. The samples under study also show substantial disinfection properties against E. coli & S. aureus used as a model strain. The significant enhancement of the photocatalytic and disinfection activities of the SMTO materials is mainly attributed to their absorbed more photons and reduced electron-hole pair recombination due to synergic effect of porosity of the ordered structure and Ag-impregnated nanoparticles, respectively.

8 illus, 2 tables, 42 ref

024888   SUREKHA K, ABIRAMI R, PRASIDHEE V, JACOB S J P (Biotechnology Dep, St. Joseph’s Coll of Engineering, Chennai- 600 119, Email: drjpjacob@gmail.com) : Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticle using Pentatropis capensis and its anti-proliferative activity. Indian J Nat Prod Resour 2017, 8(4), 316- 21.

The ZnO nanoparticle synthesised by green synthesis method using aerial parts of Pentatropis capensis was characterised using UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, and EDAX. The antiproliferative activity was tested against HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines by MTT assay and the IC₅₀ value was calculated. The absorption peak at 330 nm confirms the presence of ZnO nanoparticle. The FTIR spectra of synthesised ZnO nanoparticle confirm the various groups present in it. The SEM image reveals the size of ZnO nanoparticle, which ranged from 73.4-398.3 nm. The elemental composition of ZnO nanoparticles consists of zinc, carbon, oxygen, potassium, calcium, and chlorine which was determined in EDAX analysis. The IC₅₀ value of anti-proliferative activity was found to be 23.277 μg/mL for HepG2 cell line and 12.926 μg/mL for the MCF-7 cell line. The green synthesised ZnO nanoparticle showed an effective anti-proliferative activity on both HepG2 and MCF cell line.

3 illus, 16 ref

024887   LI Q, GUO Y, CHEN Y (Cultivation and Identification of Chinese Herbal Medicine Dep, Gansu Agricultural Univ, Lanzhou- 730 070, Email: liqian1984@gsau.edu.cn) : BODIPY-based fluorescent sensors with tunable binding ability to fluoride and hydrogen sulfate anions. Indian J Chem-Sec A 2018, 57A(2), 186- 91.

The binding and sensing abilities of BODIPY based fluorescent sensors 1 and 2 towards various anions have been studied by absorption, emission and ¹H NMR titrations spectroscopy. Sensor 1 shows selective response toward fluoride anions through hydrogen bonding interaction, while sensor 2 acts as a highly selective ‘‘Off–On’’ fluorescent sensor for hydrogen sulfate anion in DMSO solvent. The fluorescence response of sensor 2 towards HSO₄^- may be due to the suppressed PET (photo-induced electron transfer) process induced by the multiple hydrogen bonding interactions between sensor 2 and HSO₄^-.

6 illus, 42 ref

024886   GOU G-Z, WU N, ZHANG J-C, SHI L, LIU G-Y, LIU W, MANG C-Y, CHI S-M (Yunnan Normal Univ, Kunming- 650 092, Email: chishaoming@gmail.com) : Functional 1,8-naphthyridine copper(I) complex as efficient catalyst for n-arylation of imidazoles coupling reactions. Indian J Chem-Sec A 2018, 57A(2), 181- 5.

The functional 1, 8-naphthyridine copper(I) complex, synthesized through a non-catalyst C(sp³)–H methylenation, catalyzes the cross-coupling reaction of aryl halides with imidazoles, by C―N bond formation. The Cu(I) complex catalyzes the reaction with a low catalyst loading (1%, molar fraction) and cheap base even under aerobic conditions. The procedure tolerates aryl halides with various functional groups (such as methyl, methoxy, acetyl, fluoro, nitrile and nitro groups) and gives the corresponding coupling products in moderate to high yields.

1 illus, 3 tables, 28 ref

024885   SIHOMBING K, TAMBA M C, MARBUN W S, SITUMORANG M (Chemistry Dep, Negeri Medan Univ, North Sumatera- 20 221, Email: msitumorang@unimed.ac.id) : Urease immobilized potentiometric biosensor for determination of urea. Indian J Chem-Sec A 2018, 57A(2), 175- 80.

A simple potentiometric biosensor for the determination of urea is reported in this work. The biosensor has been constructed by immobilization of urease at tungsten electrode using polyvinyl alcohol matrix followed by the sealing process with plasticisedpolyvinyl chloride. The sensing device gives fast and sensitive response to urea. A linear calibration curve in the concentration range of 0.01–50 mM urea is obtained with slope 42.7 mV per decade urea concentration (r² = 0.993), and detection a limit of 0.01 mM urea.

3 illus, 1 table, 31 ref

024884   CHANDRAWANSHI S, VERMA S K, DEB M K (Pt. Ravishankar Shukla Univ, Raipur- 492 010, Chhattisgarh, Email: debmanas@yahoo.com) : Ion-pair single-drop microextraction with ATR-FTIR determination of phosphate in water samples. Indian J Chem-Sec A 2018, 57A(2), 168- 74.

A simple, rapid and green ion-pair single-drop microextraction procedure followed by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared technique has been developed for the analysis of phosphate in water samples. This method is based on the extraction of the phosphate-cetyltrimethylammonium bromide ion-pair by the single-drop extraction procedure. The linear range for calibration plot of phosphate is 1-900 ng mL^-1, with good correlation coefficient (r² = 0.998). The limit of detection, limit of quantification, standard deviation and relative standard deviation of six replicate measurements are respectively 0.34 ng mL^-1, 1.12 ng mL^-1, 0.001 and 0.94-3.36 %. The significant parameters such as selection of solvent, their volume, ion-pair reagent and their concentration, extraction time, stirring rate, sample pH, extraction temperature and effect of salt concentration are studied and optimized. The present method is successfully applied for the quantification of phosphate in water samples with minimal solvent consumption and sensitivity as compared with the conventional methods.

2 illus, 1 table, 39 ref

024883   KUMAR T E M, SHAMSHUDDIN S Z M, SERRAO R S (HMS Institute of Technology, Tumkur, Karnataka, Email: mohamed.shamshuddin@gmail.com) : Catalytic synthesis of biodiesel from Milletia pinnata over modified forms of zirconia coated on honeycomb monoliths. J Sci Ind Res 2018, 77(2), 104-10.

In this article an economical, efficient and eco-friendly method developed for the catalytic synthesis of biodiesel is presented. Honeycomb monoliths were coated with zirconia (ZrO₂) and its modified forms such as Mo (VI)/ZrO₂, Cr (VI)/ZrO₂, Ca (II)/ZrO₂ and Ba (II)/ZrO₂ by using dip and dry method. These catalytic materials were characterized for their physico-chemical properties such as surface acidity, surface basicity, crystalinity, functionality, morphology and elemental analysis. ZrO₂, Mo (VI)/ZrO₂ and Cr (VI)/ZrO₂ coated on honeycombs were used as solid acid catalysts for the esterification of Milletia pinnata oil with methanol to reduce the percentage of free fatty acids. ZrO₂, Ca (II)/ZrO₂ and Ba (II)/ZrO₂ were used as solid base catalysts for the transesterification of esterified Milletia pinnata oil with methanol to synthesize biodiesel. The catalysts were also prepared in their powder forms and their catalytic activities were compared with that of their honeycomb coated forms. The effect of reactivation and reusability of catalytic materials on their catalytic activity is also discussed. It was observed that a two-fold increase in the catalytic activity of honeycomb coated forms was obtained when compared to the powder form of the catalysts.

3 illus, 3 tables, 19 ref

024882   DAVE H K, NATH K (Chemical Engineering Dep, G H Patel Coll of Engineering & Technology, Vallabh Vidyanagar-388 120, Email: kaushiknath@gcet.ac.in) : Sorption and diffusion phenomena in pervaporative dehydration of acetic acid through a PVA-PES composite membrane. J Sci Ind Res 2018, 77(2), 98-103.

Dehydration of dilute acetic acid solution was carried out in a pervaporation pilot plant unit using commercial polyvinyl alcohol-polyethersulfone composite membrane. Membrane swelling coefficients obtained by dynamic swelling study were found to increase with increasing water concentration in the feed. For 10 % (by volume) feed water concentration swelling coefficient of the membrane was 0.3053 which increased to 0.4919 at 90 % feed water concentration. Pervaporation separation index (PSI) was found to decrease with increasing feed concentration whereas enrichment factor increased. For 10 % feed water concentration acetic acid and water diffusion coefficients were estimated to be 1.8963 × 10⁻¹² and 11.843× 10⁻¹² m²/s respectively, which rose to 6.8732 × 10⁻¹² and 40.973 × 10⁻¹² m²/s respectively at 90 % feed water concentration. The study indicates that in addition to the effect of differences in diffusivity for the permeating components, preferential sorption contributes to a major extent to selective transport in pervaporation.

2 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

024881   MERAJIN M T, NASIRI M, ABEDINI E, SHARIFNIA S (Chemistry Dep, Malek-ashtar Univ of Technology, Shahin-shahr 83145/115, Iran, Email: nasiri@mut-es.ac.ir) : Performance of WO₃ nanoparticles in photocatalytic conversion of greenhouse gases under visible light irradiation. Indian J Chem Technol 2018, 25(2), 208-15.

The direct photoconversion of carbon dioxide and methane is investigated in an appropriate gas-phase batch reactor under visible light irradiation. WO₃ nanoparticles coated on stainless steel webnet have used as photocatalyst. WO₃ nanoparticles are synthesized and characterized by SEM, XRD, EDX, FTIR and UV- vis spectra analyses. SEM images indicate that WO₃ nanoparticles were well coated on the surface of the webnet. The XRD analysis confirm monoclinic structure and average particle size about 100 nm for the WO₃ nanoparticles. Also, the FTIR analysis exhibit the structure of tungsten oxide. The results of UV–vis show that the visible light absorbance spectrum of WO₃ are more efficient than TiO₂ and ZnO. The conversions of 28 % and 13.3 % for CO₂ and CH₄ has been found by WO₃ under visible light, respectively.

7 illus, 51 ref

024880   DAVE S, KUMBHAT S (Chemistry Dep, Jodhpur Institute of Engineering & Technology, Jodhpur- 342 802, Email: sushmadave26@gmail.com) : Electrochemical and spectral characterization of silver nanoparticles synthesized employing root extract of Curculigo orchioides. Indian J Chem Technol 2018, 25(2), 201-7.

A facile eco-friendly approach is employed to prepare silver nanoparticles, using root extract of Curculigo orchioides (family Hypoxidaceae). The aqueous solution of silver ions in contact with root extract of Curculigo orchioides are reduced to zero valent silver and eventually stabilized as silver nanoparticles. An electrochemical approach has been presented to characterise conversion of silver ions into metallic silver in solution. A significant change in cyclic voltammetric characteristics has been observed to mark the transition of metal ion from higher oxidation state to stabilized silver in zero oxidation state. UV-Vis, FTIR, and X-ray diffraction analyses and atomic force microscopy supports the formation of spherical silver nanoparticles within 40 min of reaction time at room temperature.

6 illus, 2 tables, 52 ref

024879   BARAK A, GANGWAR V D, SHUKLA S K (Polymer Science Dep, Delhi Univ, Delhi-110 075, Email: sarojshukla20003@yahoo.co.in) : Development and characterization of polyvinyl chloride-graphite membrane. Indian J Chem Technol 2018, 25(2), 196-200.

Graphite dispersed polyvinyl chloride membrane has been prepared by scalable solution blending technique in different compositions. The obtained composite has been characterized by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and microscopic techniques. Results reveal the formation of intercalated composite with improved properties like solvent retaining capacity, porosity, swelling capacity, hardness, and tensile strength. Further, ion exchange ability has been determined by ASTM method and observed values are in range 10^-1 (meq/g), which is comparable to industrial membrane and indicate its suitability for commercial application. Further, durability and mechanical strength is studied and compared with standard membrane, which reveals compatible to the commercially available membrane and confirms suitability for technical applications.

5 illus, 3 tables, 16 ref

024878   ARIHARAN A, VISWANATHAN B (Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai-600 036, Email: bvnathan@iitm.ac.in) : Porous activated carbon material derived from sustainable bio-resource of peanut shell for H₂ and CO₂ storage applications. Indian J Chem Technol 2018, 25(2), 140-9.

Porous activated carbon materials have numerous properties for use in energy storage applications as in adsorbent materials for solid state H₂ and CO₂ storage. In this work, the synthesis of activated porous carbon material derived from the sustainable source of peanut shell (Arachis hypogaea) is described by carbonization and activation processes using KOH as activating agent. The peanut shell derived porous activated carbon material denoted as (PDPAC), shows spherical and sheet like morphology with specific surface area of 1726 m²/g. Interestingly, this peanut derived porous activated carbon material exhibit hydrogen storage capacity of ~1.2 wt % at 298 K and 100 bar pressure. However, the CO₂ storage capacity of 3.5 mmol CO₂ g^-1 at 298 K and 1.0 bar pressure is achieved. Furthermore, this paper presents the state-of-the-art on the synthesis of activated porous carbon materials with maximization of porosity, the use of cheap biomass waste derived precursors and tailoring of their textural properties.

6 illus, 1 table, 53 ref

024877   ACHARI V S, THOMAS M, JAYASREE S, RAJALAKSHMI A S, LOPEZ R M, RAVINDRAN B (Cochin Univ of Science and Technology, Kochi-682 022, Email: vsachari@gmail.com) : John isotherm for the characterisation of microporous carbons: A comparative evaluation of adsorption phenomena. Indian J Chem Technol 2018, 25(2), 123-39.

John (J) isotherm model stated as log log P = C + n logV, for solid-gas equilibrium, is a unique contribution from India for the study of porous materials. These isotherms are generally characterised by different phases of adsorption marked by a sudden change in slope and sharp kinks in isotherm plots of loglog P versus log V. John isotherm is otherwise known as the phase change method. The isotherm model envisages the degree of porosity, by which the categorisation of porous materials could (LMV) be or done. John The adsorption volume capacity. adsorbed, The V(J) adsorption corresponding behaviour to saturation of some pressure known microporous P_s is taken as the limiting micropore volume carbons has been analysed using John isotherm. John isotherm along with five other isotherm models, Freundlich, Langmuir, D-R, BET and I plot methods are studied, constants and parameters are compared. There are three carbons, namely GC, its hydrogen treated form H2TGC and the nitric acid treated prodigy NITGC, whose isotherm data available is used to plot John isotherms to report the merits of the isotherm method. The results reveal that John isotherm model give excellent fit to the reported experimental data and provide precise information about the funcional mechanism of adsorption. The study aims to establish the application of John isotherm as a simple empirical isotherm model for characterising the microporosity of carbon materials over a wide range of concentration and relative pressure. The main purpose of this research paper is to reaffirm the application of John isotherm for its universal acceptance to study materials of microporous nature.

14 illus, 6 tables, 47 ref

024876   VANAVIL B, RAO A S (Chemical Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli-620 015, Email: seshagiri@nitw.ac.in) : Dual substrate fermentation using palm oil and glucose for production of eco-friendly biosurfactants using P. aeruginosa NITT 6L. Indian J Chem Technol 2018, 25(1), 101-5.

Studies have been conducted to improve biosurfactant (rhamnolipid) production from Pseudomonas aeruginosa NITT 6L in liquid state fermentation utilizing palm oil and glucose as substrates. The pH and minimal salt media (MSM) compositions such as KH₂PO₄, K₂HPO₄, NaNO₃, MgSO₄, NaCl and FeSO₄ are optimized using design of experiments. One-factor-at-a-time optimization is employed to evaluate the effects of palm oil and its co-substrate glucose on biosurfactant production. The optimal levels of the aforementioned variables are (g/L) glucose 30.0, KH₂PO₄ 2.0, K₂HPO₄ 5.0, NaNO₃ 3.5, FeSO₄ 0.003, MgSO₄ 0.2, with palm oil concentration of 1.5 % (v/v). The fermentation conditions viz. period of fermentation, agitation rate, aeration and concentration of inoculum are optimized by carrying out separate experimentations. The optimum period of fermentation, agitation rate, aeration and concentration of inoculum in the fermentation medium are found to be 7 days, 150 rpm, 60 % and 2 % (v/v), respectively, for maximum rhamnolipid production of about 3.73 g/RE l.

6 illus, 20 ref

024875   YADAV K, GUPTA A, VICTORIA S N, MANIVANNAN R (Chemical Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology, Raipur 492 010, Email: rmani.che@nitrr.ac.in) : Murraya koenigii as green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in nitric acid medium. Indian J Chem Technol 2018, 25(1), 94-100.

The inhibition behaviour of Murraya koenigii (curry) leaves extract on the corrosion resistance of mild steel (MS) in nitric acid medium has been studied by gravimetric (or weight loss) measurements and scanning electron microscopy. The inhibition efficiency increases with inhibitor concentration and decreases with increase in immersion time period. The temperature effect on the corrosion behaviour of mild steel without and with inhibitor has been studied. Temperature studies reveal that the activation energy increases to 18 kJ/mol with the addition of 500 ppm inhibitor. Mild steel corrosion inhibition efficiency of 62 % is obtained with 600 ppm of extract in 0.1N HNO₃. The adsorption isotherm studies and the thermodynamic analysis of the results indicate physical adsorption of the inhibitor molecules on the mild steel surface. Scanning electron microscopic studies show the presence of pitting corrosion in uninhibited sample. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy studies reveal higher carbon content in the inhibited sample which attributs to the presence of adsorbed inhibitor molecules.

6 illus, 2 tables, 31 ref

024874   KAUR A, SETIA H, WANCHOO R K (Punjab Univ, Chandigarh-160 014, Email: wanchoo@pu.ac.in) : Cellulose fiber extracted from Napier grass in PVA composites. Indian J Chem Technol 2018, 25(1), 88-93.

Cellulose fiber is extracted from Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) and used as reinforcement for poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix. The extraction of cellulose fibers is carried out with a combination of chemical and mechanical treatment. The effect of amount of fiber in the PVA matrix on the morphological, thermal and mechanical properties of the composite films has been analyzed. Fourier transform spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy have been performed on the specimen at different stages during the processing of composite films to evaluate their structural properties. The tensile strength of the composite films is improved with an increase in the fiber content, however, fiber content greater than 8 wt % exhibit problems of aggregation and subsequent decline in the mechanical strength of the composite films. Thermal analysis demonstrate that the presence of Napier fibers do not have a significant effect on the degradation temperature of the composite films.

7 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

024873   PERWEEN M, SRIVASTAVA D N (CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 3640 02, Email: dnsrivastava@csmcri.res.in) : Designing ionic-liquid based practical reference electrode. Indian J Chem Technol 2018, 25(1), 74-80.

The design of a solid state practical reference electrode, consisting of very simple fabrication steps has been reported. A composite of graphite and poly (methyl methacrylate) [named as plastic chip electrode (PCE)] has been used as a platform for fabrication of these refererence electrodes [the plastic chip reference electrodes (PCRE)]. The bare PCE is coated with silver paint, AgCl mixture on one edge, above which hydrophobic ionic liquid is used as junction. Various compositions of ionic-liquid at junction have been tried and its effect on the electrode potential is studied. The reference electrode has been characterized for its open circuit potential, shelf-life and resusability. The practical application of these prototype reference electrode is tested in potentiometry as well as in voltammetry applications.The performance of PCRE is found to be similar to standard Ag/AgCl reference electrode with 190 mV cathodic potential shift.

6 illus, 2 tables, 36 ref

024872   KALPAKLI Y, CANSEV H (Chemical Engineering Dep, Yildiz Technical Univ, Istanbul, Turkey, Email: yaseminkalpakli@gmail.com) : Structural effect of cationic surfactant on heavy metal removal capacity of raw sepolite. Indian J Chem Technol 2018, 25(1), 61-7.

Important features like the change of surface properties from hydrophilic to hydrophobic and the change of surface charge from negative to positive, enable the production of organosepiolites from sepiolites, their use in various processes including adsorption of organic pollutants, removal of heavy metal contaminants and water treatment processing. Organo-clays have been synthesized using Turkey (Sivrihisar/Eskişehir) smectite and the cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMAB). Moreover, the removal characteristics of Cd²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ ions from aqueous solution by prepared organoclay have been investigated. The changes in the surfaces and structures of the smectites modified with HDTMA surfactant have been characterized using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Thermogravimetric analysis (TG), Total organic carbon (TOC) and particle size analysis. The XRD patterns show that the intergallery distances of the raw sepiolite increase with the surfactant loading. The FTIR measurements are used to indicate the interactions between the raw sepiolite surface and the HDTMA cations. The BET surface area of the organosepiolites decrease significantly after the modification, due to the coverage of the pores of the raw sepiolite. The thermogravimetric peaks (DTG) in the range between 350-450°C depends on the surfactant loadings and provide the evidence for the formation of the multilayers on the sepiolite surface. The organosepiolite sample that was labeled 1.5h-2CMC, is chosen for next heavy metal adsorption studies.

4 illus, 5 tables, 28 ref

024871   MOHAGHEGHIAN A, VAHIDI-KOLUR R, POURMOHSENI M, YANG J-K, SHIRZAD-SIBONI M (Environmental Health Engineering Dep, Guilan Univ of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Email: mshirzadsiboni@yahoo.com) : Preparation and characterization of scallop shell coated with Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles for the removal of azo dye: Kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies. Indian J Chem Technol 2018, 25(1), 40-50.

In this study, Scallop shell-Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles have been used as adsorbents for investigation of the adsorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamic parameters of the Acid Red 14 (AR14) from aqueous solutions at various pH, dye concentrations, adsorbent dosages, temperatures and ionic strength. Scallop shell-Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles are synthesized by co-precipitation method in vacuum condition. Efficient coating of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles onto Scallop shell is identified by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDX and VSM analysis. Removal efficiency of AR14 by Scallop shell-Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles is greater than that by Scallop shell-alone and Fe₃O₄-alone. Maximum adsorption is observed at acidic condition. The removal efficiency of AR14 increased with increasing adsorbent dosage, but decreased with increasing initial AR14 concentration and temperature.The adsorption capacity of AR14 onto adsorbent is little affected by the type of ionic strength except carbonate ion. In kinetic studies, removal rate is better described by the pseudo-second order model than the pseudo-first order model and intra-particle diffusion model. Adsorption isotherm is analyzed by both Langmuir and Freundlich equation. Experimental results reveal that the adsorption reaction is exothermic process. Adsorption efficiency of AR14 by Scallop shell-Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles is maintained even after six successive cycles.

15 illus, 4 tables, 48 ref

024870   KASHID M, GHOSALKAR A (Technology Dep, Savitribai Phule Pune Univ, Pune 412 115, Email: mohankashid@praj.net) : Evaluation of fermentation kinetics of xylose to ethanol fermentation in the presence of acetic acid by Pichia stipitis: Modeling and experimental data comparison. Indian J Chem Technol 2018, 25(1), 31-9.

Acetic acid is one of the main inhibitor that shows negative impact on kinetics of sugar fermentation in the presence of Pichia stipitis. Unstructured kinetic model has been formulated that describes cell mass growth and ethanol production as a function of ethanol, oxygen, xylose and acetic acid concentration. Experiments have been carried out in batch mode with the acetic acid concentration varying from 3 to 12 gL^-1. Kinetic parameters are estimated for Pichia stipitis with various operating conditions of fermentation. Among all the kinetic parameters a great reduction in μMAX and increase in YP/X has been observed, which strongly affect the fermentation kinetics. Acetic acid presence in the fermentation lead to significant reduction in the maximum cell biomass concentration, reduction in xylose consumption rate, improvement in ethanol metabolic and reduction in ethanol production rate. This model describe physiological properties of PSA30 strain of Pichia stipitis and proposed models can be used to predict the influence of xylose, ethanol and acetic acid on cell growth and ethanol productivity in industrial fermentation.

3 illus, 3 tables, 23 ref

024869   VAHIDI O, SHAHROKHI M (Iran Univ of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran, Email: ovahidi@iust.ac.ir) : Polyethylene quality control in an industrial scale fluidized bed reactor. Indian J Chem Technol 2018, 25(1), 21-30.

Polymer quality control in an industrial scale polyethylene fluidized bed reactor has been addressed. Since online measurements of polymer properties (melt index and density) are not available, they must be controlled indirectly via other available measurements. In the present paper, two algebraic equations correlating polyethylene melt index and density with the measureable concentrations of chemical components are obtained. Having the desired polyethylene properties and using these correlations, desired concentrations of chemical components are calculated and used via corresponding control loops. By using the infrequently available polyethylene property measurements, the correlation parameters are updated. In order to simulate the fluidized bed reactor behaviour, a comprehensive two phase model including bubble and emulsion phases is used. Six control loops with PI controllers are considered to regulate the reactor operating conditions. To improve the performances of the component concentration loops, ratio control strategy in a cascade framework is implemented. The effectiveness of proposed reactor control structure for several scenarios comprising the rejection of operational disturbances, set-point tracking for polyethylene production amount and grade changes and compensating the model uncertainties is demonstrated via computer simulation. The results indicate that the polyethylene properties are well controlled with the proposed inferential control strategy.

6 illus, 7 tables, 36 ref

024868   SHAINY K M, KURUVILLA M, JOSEPH A (Chemistry Dep, Calicut Univ, Kerala, Email: drabrahamj@gmail.com) : Electrochemical studies on the adsorption interaction and corrosion inhibition properties of a substituted triazinone, BCATDT on mild steel in hydrochloric acid. Indian J Chem Technol 2018, 25(1), 9-20.

A novel triazine based corrosion inhibitor, 6-benzyl-(2-chlorobenzyl) amino 3-thioxo-3, 4-dihydro-1, 2, 4-triazin- (2H)-5- one (BCATDT) has been synthesized and characterized using various spectroscopic techniques. Corrosion inhibition efficiency and other corrosion parameters of BCATDT have been calculated using weight loss measurements, potentiodynamic polarization studies and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques at three different temperatures (303 K, 313 K and 323 K). Among the 0.5 M and 1M HCl solutions 99.55 % efficiency is reported for 0.5M solution corresponding to 200 ppm BCATDT. As the acid concentration doubled, only < 7 % efficiency decreases even at 323K (92.32 %). The potentiodynamic polarization indicates that BCATDT act as an efficient mixed type inhibitor and the most suitable isotherm is found to be the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The experimental results are then shown to be in conformity with theoretical parameters under B3LYP/6-31G* of Gaussian 03 soft ware. Molecular simulation studies are also performed by Monte Carlo simulation for studying the adsorption of BCATDT on to the various unit cell of iron surface such as Fe (111) Fe (110) and Fe (100) etc.

7 illus, 11 tables, 43 ref

024867   ISLAM T, PENG C, ALI I, ABBASI I A (Ocean Univ of China, Qingdao- 266 100, China, Email: pcs005@ouc.edu.cn) : Comparative study on anionic and cationic dyes removal from aqueous solutions using different plant mediated magnetic nano particles. Indian J Geo-Mar Sci 2018, 47(03), 598-603.

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized by using six different plants’ materials including Lingusfrulucidum (leaves), Cherry (leaves), Franxinuschinensis roxb (leaves), Green tea (leaves), Gourd (peel) and Onion (peel). The iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles were prepared by mixing ferric sulfate (Fe₂SO₄) and ferric chloride (FeCl₃) solutions at the ratio of 1:2. Then the prepared Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were added dropwise to each of the plant extract upto convert the colour of the solution turn into black, and resulting black colour indicates the existence of MNPs. Characterizations of sythesized MNPs has been done by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The ability of prepared MNPs for methyl orange (MO) and crystal violet (CV) dyes removal from aqueous solutions were investigated in this study. MO and CV is the most common anionic and cationic dyes used in factories and consequently mixed with water and pollute the environment. Initial and final concentrations of the dyes were studied by spectrophotometer for each of the MNPs. Removal efficiency (%) and adsorption capacity (mg/mg) has been studied for both MO and CV dyes, as well as time taken for 100 % removal of dyes using H₂O₂ as catalyst also was studied for each MNPs. The experimental result shows that green tea mediated MNPs is more efficient (92.34 % for MO and 96.01 % for CV), more adsorption capable (7 mg/mg for MO and 9.5 mg/mg for CV) than the other plant mediated MNPs and it also shows faster (2 mins for CV and 4 mins for MB) nature to 100 % removal of dyes with presence of H₂O₂ as catalyst.

10 illus, 17 ref

024866   RADHIKA RAJASREE S R, GAYATHRI S, KARTHIH M G (Sathyabama Univ, Chennai- 600 119, Email: radhiin@gmail.com) : Comparative studies on biosorption of zinc oxide and iron oxide nanoparticles using marine macro algae Kappaphycus alvarezii. Indian J Geo-Mar Sci 2018, 47(01), 219-27.

Batch absorption experiments were carried out in order to examine the effect of various parameters such as pH, contact time, biomass concentration, and initial metal ion concentration. Absorption process was strongly dependent on the pH value and the initial metal concentration. The equilibrium absorption capacity varied with the concentration of metal oxide nanoparticles and maximum removal efficiency was observed at pH 3.5 in both the materials. Equilibrium experimental data were tested using the most common isotherms and the results are best fitted by Langmuir model for Fe₂O₃ and Freundlich model for ZnO. Theoretical absorption capacities for metal oxide nanoparticles were 70 % and 80 % respectively for both Fe₂O₃ and ZnO. Absorption kinetics were fitted by models including pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models and the results demonstrated that pseudo-second-order kinetic model best describes the biosorption of metal oxide nanoparticles from aqueous solutions. Characterization of the biomass was done using FTIR, SEM along with EDX. The functional group of amino, carboxyl, phenolic hydroxyl, sulphonic group and C-O, - NH stretch showed a shift in the bands which might have involved in absorption.

6 illus, 2 tables, 48 ref

024865   AL-TURKI A M (Chemistry Dep, Tabuk Univ, Saudi Arabia, Email: aalturky@ut.edu.sa) : Effect of preparation methods on the particles size, dielectric constant and antibacterial properties of ZnO nanoparticles and thin film of ZnO/Chitosan. Orient J Chem 2018, 34(1), 548-54.

In the present work, we have synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles by two different methods simple solution route and sol- gel (Z1, Z2). SEM analysis of ZnO nanoparticles samples (Z1 and Z2) showed that, the morphology of samples found to be look like nanorods. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images showed that the particles are spherical, and the particles size of sample Z2 larger than sample Z1. The partial size of sample Z1 is between 17.61 to 2.81 nm and for sample Z2 was between 25 to 6 nm. Also, thin films of ZnO/Chiosan nanocomposites (Z11 and Z21) were prepared to study dielectric and antibacterial properties. Results showed that, the value of the dielectric constant for sample Z11 is less than the value of Z 21, it is may be due to different in particles size according to the space-charge theory (dielectric constant increase with increasing of particles size). Frequency dependence dielectric properties of ZnO/Chiosan thin films (Z11 and Z21) at room temperature were measured. Dielectric constant ε' and dielectric loss ε"" for all samples were found to be decrease with increasing frequency. The synthesized ZnO/Chiosan nanocomposite films exhibited activity against Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (SA). All results indicated that, the antimicrobial activity of the nanocomposite film samples due to presence of nano ZnO particles.

5 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

024864   PATIL A M (Polymer Chemistry Dep, North Maharashtra Univ, Jalgaon- 425 001, Email: patilamardip007@rediffmail.com) : Synthesis and characterization of bio-based polyester and polyamide from citric acid and mannitol. Orient J Chem 2018, 34(1), 538-43.

The present work is synthesis of biobased polyesters from citric acid and mannitol while polyamide from citric acid and diethylene triamine (DETA). Both reactions are carried by melt condensation polymerization technique. The products are characterized by FTIR for functional group conversion. The acid value also determined. The thermal properties are characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC).

9 illus, 3 tables, 16 ref

024863   SHINDE D R, PAWAR R A, CHASKAR M G (PDEA’s Prof. Ramkrishna More Coll, Pune- 44, Email: drshinde1970@yahoo.com) : Removal of Cr(VI) from the chrome electroplating effluent by reduction and adsorption using powdered activated charcoal. Orient J Chem 2018, 34(1), 493-501.

A powdered activated charcoal (PAC) based process was evaluated at a bench and pilot scale to determine its effectiveness towards the removal of Cr(VI) from the electroplating effluent. In the first step, reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) was achieved while in a second step Cr(III) was removed by adsorption. In both steps PAC is utilized. Different experimental parameters affecting the reduction of Cr(VI) by PAC were investigated. The rate of reduction reaction was found to be dependent on the pH of effluent and the dose of PAC. Removal of Cr(III) from initially treated effluent was achieved under optimum condition of pH and dose of PAC. After a bench scale experiments, the reduction and removal of chromium from the effluent was achieved at a pilot scale successfully. The experimental result suggests that PAC is a suitable material for the reduction and removal of chromium from the electroplating effluent.

10 illus, 1 table, 29 ref

024862   BEYSENBAYEV O K, ESIRKEPOVA M (M. Auezov South Kazakhstan State Univ, Kazakhstan, Email: oral-kb@mail.ru) : Investigation of a mechanism for extraction of organic components of a mineral part from Imankara field oil-bituminous rocks by ultrasonic treatment method in the presence of Surfactants and Flocculants. Orient J Chem 2018, 34(1), 482-92.

An extraction method of oil-bituminous rocks organic component from the mineral one by ultrasonic treatment method of oil-bituminous rocks and oil products from contaminated soil using available solvents in the presence of surfactants based on a gossypol resin and polyelectrolytes – hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile derivatives (Uniflok) has been developed. It was established that the organic component extraction rate depends not only on the ultrasonic treatment, but also on the used solvents (when using benzol, diesel fuel, kerosene, the yield composes 10-12 ml during 25-32 min. when using white spirit and kerosene, the yield increases in 2 times up to 18 ml during 10-15 minutes) and concentration of added flocculent (at the concentration of 0,1 % the organic component yield attains up to 18 ml and the settling time decreases from 39-40 m³·10^-3 to 9 m³-·10³. Results of IR-spectroscopic and electronic-microscopic studies of mineralogical composition and microstructure of oil-bituminous rocks organic and mineral components’ samples show that compacting of the structure and Uniflok flocculent flocculating property, probably, occurs at the expense of adsorbed macromolecules, participating in creation of “bridging” links between particles of oil-bituminous rocks organic and inorganic components’ disperse phase.

7 illus, 7 tables, 12 ref

024861   PANDIA S, SINAGA M S, HUSIN A, SIREGAR S N, AMBARITA H, LESTARI F I (Chemical Engineering Dep, Sumatera Utara Univ, Medan 20155, Indonesia, Email: setiaty_pandia@yahoo.com) : Reduction of peroxide number in crude palm oil (CPO) using rubber fruit shell (Heveabra silliensis) as bio-sorbent. Orient J Chem 2018, 34(1), 450-6.

The object of this study was to discover the effectiveness of the shell of rubber fruit as bio sorbent for removing peroxide number in (CPO) Crude Palm Oil and heavy metals (Cu, Ni) contained in Metal Coating Industry’s wastewater. Methods used were pretreatment, activation (carbonating and chemically) and adsorption process at room temperature. In the beginning, the shell of rubber fruit was cleaned and dried under the sun. Then the shell was cut for about 0.5 cm of length and carbonated in a furnace for 1 h at 500 ^oC, 550 ^oC, 600 ^oC, and 650 ^oC. After that, they were crushed to pass through 140 meshes and activated using 6N of HNO₃, 6N of H₃PO₄ and 6N of KOH at certain ratio as 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5 (m/v). The adsorption process was carried out using bio sorbent with the highest iodine number in varyingbio-sorbent dosage and contact time. The high stiodine number was 913.680 mg/g and obtained at the ratio of bio sorbent to 6N of KOH as 1:5. The best reduction of peroxide number was 83.86 % at 0.5 % bio-sorbent dose and 40 min of contact time.

9 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref