SLAMET, BACHTIAR B M, WULAN P D K, APRIANTO B, IBADURROHMAN M
047851 SLAMET, BACHTIAR B M, WULAN P D K, APRIANTO B, IBADURROHMAN M (Chemical Engineering, Univ Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia, Email: slamet@che.ui.ac.id ) : Formation of TiO2 Nanotubular Layers on Ti - 6Al - 4V based dental implants for inhibiting biofilm growth. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (7), 1543 - 8.
Modification of Ti - 6Al - 4V through electrochemical anodization method has been investigated on the purpose of generating TiO2 nanotube arrays (TiNTAs) on the surface of Ti - 6Al - 4V films. The as - anodized samples were calcined in an atmospheric furnace at various temperatures, in the range of 500 - 800 ?C. The evaluation of biofilm inhibition was performed by an in vitro method with Streptococcus mutans as a bacterium model. FE - SEM imaging confirmed the successful formation of TiO2 nanotube arrays while XRD results implied a phase transformation from anatase to rutile when the calcination temperature was around 600 - 650 ?C with average crystallite size of 18 nm. Calcination temperature is one of determining factors in the adjustment of crystallinity and morphology of TiO2, which in turn affects its capability to suppress biofilm formation. This study revealed that the best sample for biofilm inhibition was calcined at 600 ?C with a crystallite phase of mostly anatase. This sample managed to improve antibacterial activity of up to five times as compared to the unmodified Ti - 6Al - 4V. The output of this study is expected to give some insight on a promising alternative for preventing the formation of harmful biofilm on dental implants.
5 illus, 2 tables, 24 ref
NGAN T T K, TOAN T Q, CANG M H
047839 NGAN T T K, TOAN T Q, CANG M H (Chemical Engineering & Processing Dep, Nong Lam Univ, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Email: maihuynhcang@hcmuaf.edu.vn ) : Evaluation of the physical and chemical properties of vietnamese perilla frutescens L. Essential Oil. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (6), 1463 - 6.
Perilla frutescens essential oil was studied in this work for its physico - chemical characteristics and composition. The essential oil was obtained yields by 0.1%. The physico - chemical properties of the oil were also discovered including the physico - chemical parameters averaged 0.944 g/cm3 for specific gravity, acid index (9.185 mg KOH/g), ester index (28.66 mg KOH/g), refractive index (1.4976). Thought gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results revealed that the oil is extremely rich in myristicin (43.896%), elemicin (28.793%), ? - caryophyllene (8.327%), perillaldehyde (7.973%), (Z,E) - farnesene (2.807%), D - limonene (1.043%). The results showed that the morphological characteristics and the polymorphism in the essential oil composition of perilla leaves were reliant on the harvesting time and geographical cultivate. Perilla essential oil is antioxidant, antibacterial and used in many studies, helping to find its effect on Alzheimer?s disease, memory loss, concentration and anti - depressive concentration, because it contains unique compounds as above.
1 illus, 3 tables, 23 ref
NGAN T T K, MUOI N V, QUAN P M, CANG M H
047834 NGAN T T K, MUOI N V, QUAN P M, CANG M H (Chemical Engineering & Processing Dep, Nong Lam Univ, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Email: maihuynhcang@hcmuaf.edu.vn) : Evaluation of physical and chemical properties of pomelo (Citrus grandis L.) essential oil using steam distillation process. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (6), 1433 - 6.
This study attempted the extraction of essential oils from the peels of pomelo (Citrus grandis L.) grown in Ben Tre province, Vietnam through hydrodistillation method. In addition, the chemical composition and physio - chemical properties of the essential oils were reported. The results showed that the extraction yield of the extraction process achieved about 1.67%. The physico - chemical index of essential oils is determined by specific gravity (0.8572 g/cm3 ), acid index (0.3556 mg KOH/g), ester index (2.4216 mg KOH/g), and refractive index (1.476). The GC - MS analyses of the oil indicated the component with highest content in the oil was ? - limonene (96.491%), followed by ? - pinene (0.686%), ? - pinene (0.248%), ? - myrcene (1.644%), ? - phellandrene (0.793%) and ? - cis - ocimene (0.138%). These results suggested that wastes from fruit peeling process can be converted into a new material source with great potential for industrial use.
3 illus, 2 tables, 36 ref
DAO T P, DO H T, LE Q K, PHAP N V G, BACH L G, MUOI N V, CANG M H
047828 DAO T P, DO H T, LE Q K, PHAP N V G, BACH L G, MUOI N V, CANG M H (Chemical Engineering & Processing Dep, Nong Lam Univ, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam , Email: maihuynhcang@hcmuaf.edu.vn) : Kinetic studies on extraction of essential oil from lemongrass leaves (Cymbopogon citratus) by steam distillation industrial scale. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (6), 1399 - 1403.
Study on kinetics and modeling of the essential oil steam distillation are required for the optimization of the energy requirement, parameters and the process scale - up. In this study, hydrodistillation for extraction of essential oils from lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) steam distillation was investigated. The recovery of essential oils was carried out on an industrial scale instrument and with with different material quantities. The experimental results are determined by the integral method of analysis. The kinetic parameters were evaluated from experimental data, which were generated at the different weights of the lemongrass. The extraction rate constant explaining the extraction efficiency achieved from this study is found to be k2 of 0.0661 min - 1 in 710 kg using a second - order kinetic model. The GC/MS results revealed that 14 components were identified in Cymbopogon citratusoils. The oil is extremely rich in citral (69.775%), which obtained in 180 min.
4 illus, 5 tables, 44 ref
SHETH B, NATH K
047793 SHETH B, NATH K (Chemical Engineering Dep, Vishwakarma Government Engineering Coll, Chandkheda - 382424, Email: krishna2406@yahoo.com) : Concentration of sulfuric acid from spent acidic liquor by cascaded electrodialysis using an interpolymer anion exchange membrane. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (5), 1169 - 76.
Cascaded electrodialysis system has been developed for increasing the concentration of sulfuric acid from aqueous solution using an interpolymer anion exchange (IPA) membrane. Enrichment process was carried out in a cascade of six electrodialyzers at 20.2 mA/cm2 current density. The performance of the process was evaluated rigorously in terms of current efficiency, voltage requirements and processability to enrich the acid concentration. The bench - scale experimental results exhibited the ability of membrane to perform as a low proton leakage membrane and to enrich the sulfuric acid concentration up to 27.93 wt. %. The higher values of current efficiencies were reported to be in the range of 50 to 60 %. Proton leakage through the membrane, acid back diffusion, concentration polarization and solution conductivity were considered to be the limiting factors for acid enrichment and their effects were found significant on current efficiency and voltage requirement.
7 illus, 4 tables, 27 ref
QUYEN N T T, QUYEN N T N, LINH H T K, NGOC T T L, ANH H L T, NGUYEN N H K, TRAN T H, TAM H N T, CANG M H
047761 QUYEN N T T, QUYEN N T N, LINH H T K, NGOC T T L, ANH H L T, NGUYEN N H K, TRAN T H, TAM H N T, CANG M H (Chemical Technology Dep, Nong Lam Univ, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Email: tthien@ntt.edu.vn; maihuynhcang@hcmuaf.edu.vn ) : Essential oil from lemon (citrus aurantifolia) grown in ben tre province, vietnam: Condition extraction, chemical composition and antibacterial properties. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (4), 965 - 9.
In present study, a steam distillation method has been adopted for extraction of the essential oil from Vietnamese lemon (Citrus aurantifolia) peel harvested from Tien Giang Province, Vietnam. Various extraction conditions influencing the oil yield were investigated. The resulting essential oil was evaluated for physico - chemical characteristics and antibacterial activities. The chemical composition of oil was investigated by GC - MS. The results showed that with grinded lemon peel, a ratio of water and lemon peels of 3:1 (mL/g), extraction time of 90 min at 120 ?C, the highest essential oil yield was attained at 2.1 %. Bioactive components found at high content included limonene (64.90 %), ?terpinene (13.70 %), ? - pinene (11.89 %), ? - pinene (2.11 %), ? - cymene (1.80 %) and sabinen (1.52 %). The lemon essential oil in this study was found to inhibit five bacteria strains including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
4 illus, 2 tables, 27 ref
MAH L N , MAKHYARINI I, NORMALINA
047722 MAH L N , MAKHYARINI I, NORMALINA (Chemical Engineering Dep, , Lambung Mangkurat Univ, , Lambung Mangkurat Univ, Email: lailan.nimah@gmail.com) : Musa acuminata L. (Banana) peel wastes as edible coating based on pectin with addition of cinnamomum burmannii extract. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (3), 703 - 5.
Pectin functions as an adhesive and maintains tissue stability so that it can be used in making edible coating to improve the quality of food storage. One of the producers of pectin is Musa acuminata L. peel (containing 22.4 % pectin). In order not to overgrow with microbes, it is also necessary to have antimicrobial property, which can be obtained from Cinnamomum burmannii extract. This study is about raw material preparation, pectin extraction, pectin modification, Cinnamomum burmannii extraction and edible coating manufacturing. The parameters viz. thickness test, water vapour transmission, tensile strength test, elongation at break, biodegradation, and for trials on storing beef sausage showed that 10 % sorbitol was able to withstand the rate of fungal growth for 7 days; 15 % sorbitol was able to withstand the rate of fungal growth for 5 days; and 20 % sorbitol was able to withstand the rate of fungal growth for 3 days.
1 tables, 22 ref
PATEL S K, SINGH D, DEV R
047697 PATEL S K, SINGH D, DEV R (Chemical Engineering Dep, Institute of Engineering & Technology, Lucknow - 226 021, Email: dsa768008@gmail.com) : Removal of arsenic contamination from gomti river water by using activated charcoal absorbent integrated with solar distillation unit. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (3), 550 - 4.
Arsenic is a ubiquitous and short - term poisoning element, which affects living things. In this study, the removal of arsenic from Gomti river water, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh integrated modified double slope solar still with activated adsorption bed has been applied. Arsenic contamination in Gomti river at five places were found in the river water in the range of 55.70 ppb to 681.60 ppb, which exceed the maximum permissible limit of 10 ppb as recommended by WHO. Maximum concentration of arsenic in water was found in Mohan Maekins (681.60 ppb). However, mean arsenic concentration in water followed the order: Gaughat (115.37 ppb) < Hanuman setu (297.80 ppb) < Barrage (302.62 ppb) < Kukrail (336.27 ppb) < Mohan Maekins (481.89 ppb). The amount of adsorbed arsenic was increased with increasing initial concentration of arsenic. The aim of this study is to develop a low - cost process for the removal of arsenic effectively including the production of potable water. After results, data were analyzed with ICP - MS method and also verified with Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models.
1 illus, 5 tables, 32 ref
ABDULKADIR H K
047672 ABDULKADIR H K (Chemical & Petrochemical Engineering Dep, Anbar Univ, Ramadi, Iraq, Email: habdulkadir56@uoanbar.edu.iq) : Preparation and dielectric properties of polyaniline - coated magnetite nanocomposites. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (2), 385 - 90.
The conductive polymers such as polyaniline (PANI) exhibit considerable electrical conductive properties. The coating of PANI with magnetic (Fe3O4) nanoparticles formed composites (PANI/Fe3O4) with required dielectric properties. The morphology result study of PANI/Fe3O4 by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) indicate the presence of PANI with tubes like structure containing different wt % of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (5, 15, 25 wt %). The structural pattern investigated by XRD revealed the presence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles at 2? = 35.58?, while the amorphous structure indicates the presence of PANI matrix. However, the chemical bonding analysis using FTIR shows chemical conjugation of bonds at 3336, 3300 and 3277 cm - 1 due to presence of NH group in PANI and OH group in Fe3O4 nanoparticles, while presence of 504 and 526 cm - 1 suggesting that Fe3O4 nanoparticles are present in the composites materials. The dielectric properties study by 4 - point probe and VSM shows that PANI and PANI/Fe3O4 nanocomposites exhibit good electrical properties (1.55 to 1.35 S/cm) which are decreasing with increase of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, may be resulting due to insulating behaviour of the magnetic nanoparticles, while the magnetic properties of PANI/Fe3O4 nanocomposites indicate super paramagnetic properties with saturation magnetization of (59.4, 5.96, 11.94 and 15.43 emus/g).
4 illus, 2 tables, 47 ref
JAYAKUMAR C, DEVI V M , PRASAD D M R, SRIDAR R
047602 JAYAKUMAR C, DEVI V M , PRASAD D M R, SRIDAR R (Applied Science and Technology Dep, Anna Univ, Chennai - 600 025, Email: c_jayakumar73@yahoo.com) : Oil extraction from trichosanthes tricuspidata seed using conventional soxhlet apparatus . Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (1), 009 - 12.
Soxhlet set up is used for the extraction of bio - oil from the seeds of Trichosanthes tricuspidata using various solvents (methanol, hexane, isopropyl alcohol). In the present study, the oil from solvent extraction method is investigated for the presence of fatty acid groups and also tested for suitability of this oil being used as a cheap source for producing bio - oil. The bio - oil extraction is influenced by various factors like time of extraction, types of solvent used for extraction and the production rate is also predominately influenced by the particle size of the sample (seed) for extraction. The analysis of the constituents in bio - oil produced is done through a GC - MS and the functional group is determined by FT - IR. This work is carried out in a lab scale and hence the extraction process is initiated with the particle size ranging from 1 mm, 0.55 mm and 3 mm with a variable time period of extraction such as 1, 2, 3 and 7 h. Particle size of 3 mm was selected in order to study the effect of solvent type. The experimental results have indicated the optimal condition for the highest yield of oil extraction of 20 % (w/w). The optimum values of extraction time and particle size are 180 min and 0.55 mm, respectively and also the experimental results have revealed isopropyl alcohol as the suitable extraction solvent.
5 illus, 1 table, 14 ref
RAI D C, ARVIND, PASWAN V K
047514 RAI D C, ARVIND, PASWAN V K (Dairy Science and Food Technology Dep, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi - 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, Email: arvind1@bhu.ac.in) : Optimization of coating material for encapsulation of flax seed oil containing omega - 3 fatty acids. Ann. Phytomed 2020, 9 (2), 277 - 82.
This study is aimed to evaluate the potential of different wall materials for microencapsulation of flaxseed oil containing omega - 3 fatty acids by spray drying. Maltodextrin (MD) was mixed with Sodium Caseinate (SC), Sodium Alginate (SA) and Gum Acacia (GA), at three different ratios including 5:2, 5:4 and 5:6. The feed emulsions used for particle production were characterized for stability, particle size, zeta potential analysis and encapsulated powder were characterized for encapsulation yield, encapsulation efficiency and scanning electron microscope analysis. Best encapsulation efficiency was obtained for MD: SC which was followed by the MD: SA, while the lowest encapsulation efficiency was obtained for MD: GA, which also showed poorest emulsion stability.
4 illus, 4 tables, 24 ref
THAKUR N S, AARTI, GAUTAM S, CHANDEL A, RANA N, THAKUR A, HAMID
047507 THAKUR N S, AARTI, GAUTAM S, CHANDEL A, RANA N, THAKUR A, HAMID (Food Science and Technology Dep, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar Univ of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan - 173 230, Himachal Pradesh, Email: sunakshigautam7@gmail.com) : Comparative assessment of Rhododendron (Rhododendron arboreum Sm.) flowers extract beverages through biochemical analysis and its quality evaluation during storage. Ann. Phytomed 2020, 9 (2), 223 - 31.
Besides being a refreshing drink, the rhododendron has numerous healthful, nutritive and aromatic properties. The limited availability of flowers in the market, makes it an important value - added crop. So, the present study was undertaken for the development of syrup, its storage and quality evaluation in ambient and refrigerated conditions. Different combinations of flower extract (25, 30, 35 and 40 %) and sugar solution (65 and 70?B) were used for attaining most suitable amalgamation of syrup. Out of all, syrup prepared with 35 per cent extract, 65?B TSS and 1.50 per cent acidity was packed in bottles and stored for six months under ambient and refrigerated temperature conditions. There was not much change in quality attributes for a period of six months under both conditions. As storage period proceeds, various physicochemical characteristics increased like TSS (65 to 65.65?B), reducing sugars (48.31 to 51.35 %) and total sugars (63.15 to 64.79 %). Whereas, decreasing trend was observed in red TCU (19.21 to 14.05), yellow TCU (2.05 to 1.38), titratable acidity (1.50 to 1.35 %), ascorbic acid (8.12 to 3.81 mg/100 ml), anthocyanins (26.54 to 20.40 mg/100 ml), total phenols (35.55 to 30.42 mg/100 ml) and antioxidant activity (25.90 to 21.54 %). The results showed slower changes in refrigerated storage as compared to ambient. Although, the changes were minimum in beverage packed in glass bottle. Also, both the packaging material (glass bottle and PET bottle) were found suitable for the safe storage of product for six months.
4 illus, 6 tables, 37 ref
THAKUR A , THAKUR N S, HAMID, GAUTAM S
047504 THAKUR A , THAKUR N S, HAMID, GAUTAM S (Food Science and Technology Dep, Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar Univ of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh - 173 230, Email: abhimanyuthakurprashar@gmail.com) : Effect of packaging on phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of dried wild pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) arils prepared in solar tunnel drier. Ann. Phytomed 2020, 9 (2), 198 - 206.
Anardana, a dried product prepared from wild pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruits has been considered as a source of considerable medicinal value as a result of its high antioxidant potential. For the preparation of anardana, fruits were procured from wild pomegranate growing area of Himachal Pradesh (1265 m above mean sea level) and drying of arils was carried out in a solar tunnel drier (30 - 45 ?C). The dried arils were packed in three different packaging materials viz. aluminium laminated pouches (ALP), aluminium laminated pouches with vacuum (ALPV) and gunny bags. All the packages were stored under ambient and refrigerated temperature which were further analyzed to evaluate the overall effect of packaging on total phenols (171.55 to 151.99 mg GAE/100 g), flavonoids (38.30 to 31.11 mg QuE/100 g), DPPH (2, 2 - diphenyl - 1 - picrylhydrazyl) antioxidant activity (57.75 to 52.79 %), metal chelating activity (21.12 to 18.27 %), FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power 32.85 to 28.75 ?M Fe2+/100 g) and reducing power (0.576 to 0.484) during different storage conditions. After 12 months of storage period, higher retention of total phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity was observed in anardana packed in ALPV followed by ALP and gunny bags. The changes in the antioxidant characteristics of the anardana were slower in refrigerated storage conditions as compared to ambient.
7 illus, 6 tables, 35 ref
GAUTAM A, DHIMAN A K, ATTRI S, KATHURIA D
047500 GAUTAM A, DHIMAN A K, ATTRI S, KATHURIA D (Food Science and Technology Dep, Dr YS Parmar Univ of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, HP 173 230, Email: deepukathuria@gmail.com) : Formulation and storage studies of herbal based RTS beverages from persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) fruit. Ann. Phytomed 2020, 9 (2), 155 - 63.
A ready - to - serve (RTS) beverage was developed using pulp, extracted by the cold and hot pulping method. Among different combinations of TSS (10, 12, 15 ?Brix), pulp concentration (10, 15, 20 %) and acidity (0.2, 0.3, 0.4 %) beverage developed in which treatment T5 at 10?Brix using cold extracted pulp and in treatment T2 at 12 ?Brix using hot extracted pulp was found to be the best on the basis of sensory evaluation. They exhibited ascorbic acid (2.26 and 1.44 mg/100 g), ? - carotene (0.040 and 0.054 ?g/100 g) and total phenols (0.58 and 0.55 mg/100 g). Further, comparing the nutritional and sensory characteristics of the RTS beverage, the use of hot extracted pulp was selected for the preparation of herbal RTS beverage (ginger, ginger - mint). Persimmon RTS beverage was evaluated for quality and stability during storage. Though, sensory scores decreased significantly with the advancement of storage but processed products of all the treatments were well above the acceptable limits. The study indicated that the RTS beverage can be stored safely for a period of six months with minimal changes in chemical and sensory attributes.
4 illus, 3 tables, 33 ref
RAI H K , RAI D C, ARVIND, SALONI
047488 RAI H K , RAI D C, ARVIND, SALONI (Dairy Science and Food Technology Dep, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanai - 221 005, U.P, Email: raihimanshuias@gmail.com) : Process optimization of low calorie and fiber enriched 'Sandesh' using response surface methodology (RSM). Ann. Phytomed 2020, 9 (1), 229 - 36.
?Sandesh? is a most popular ?Chhana? based sweet delicacy of eastern part of India, especially West Bengal, India. A process for manufacturing a traditional sweet based on oat flour, sorbitol and Stevia as main ingredients was optimized. During the investigation, the effect of different levels of oat flour, sorbitol and Stevia was studied by employing central composite rotatable design. The best formulation was consist of 4% sorbitol, 0.25% Stevia and 15% oat flour. This formulation was found to be most suitable for preparation of low calorie and fiber enriched ?Sandesh? with predicted scores of 8.408, 8.504, 8.302, 8.404 and 8.511 for body and texture, colour and appearance, flavour, sweetness and overall acceptability, respectively.
6 illus, 6 tables, 11 ref
MISHRA S, ARVIND, RAI D C, PANDHI S
047487 MISHRA S, ARVIND, RAI D C, PANDHI S (Dairy Science and Food Technology Dep, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi - 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, Email: arvind1@bhu.ac.in) : Process optimization for yogurt preparation incorporated with encapsulated Caesalpinia bonducella Flem. seed extract. Ann. Phytomed 2020, 9 (1), 224 - 8.
The present study was conducted to optimize the process for the preparation of yogurt incorporated with Caesalpinia bonducella Flem. seeds extract. The process of ultrasonication was used for extraction followed by encapsulation using a spray drier. Extracts were encapsulated (to enhance their endurance and hydrophilicity) by spray - drying (at optimized 160?C inlet and 80?C outlet temperatures), using an optimized 1:2 ratio of sodium alginate cross linked with inulin as wall material. Both the aqueous and encapsulated extract was used for incorporation into yogurt and optimized based on antioxidant activity, total phenolic contents, sensory and texture analysis. The sample of yogurt with 3% fat and 2% aqueous extract had highest values of % DPPH inhibition (88.82%), ABTS inhibition activity (93.23%), SOSA (85.54%) and TPC (25.77 mg GA eq./g) while the yogurt sample with 3% fat and 2% encapsulated powder was found best in terms of sensory profile and texture among other variants. The total polyphenolic contents increased proportionally with increasing levels of encapsulated as well as non encapsulated extract.
3 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref
HAMID, THAKUR N S, SHARMA R, THAKUR A, KUMAR P, GAUTAM S
047481 HAMID, THAKUR N S, SHARMA R, THAKUR A, KUMAR P, GAUTAM S (Food Science and Technology Dep, Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar of Horticulture and Forestry Univ, Solan, Himachal Pradesh - 173 230, Email: hamidfst6789@gmail.com) : Phytochemical extraction and quantification from wild pomegranate flavedo powder, their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Ann. Phytomed 2020, 9 (1), 187 - 94.
In present study wild pomegranate flavedo powder (425 ? particle size) was used for the extraction of phenolics through various solvents by Soxhlet method. A significant difference in all parameters was observed among the different extracts with varying solvents and extraction time after oven drying of extracts. The highest total phenolics and flavonoids among different extracts after oven drying were recorded when ethanol was used as solvent after 6 h of extraction. To separate different treatments based on similarity, cluster analysis was applied based on Ward method and it showed that all treatments were divided in nine major groups and two major clusters. The two best selected extracts were further compared on the basis of total phenolics, flavonoids and various antioxidant properties after lyophilization. In conclusion, lyophilized ethanolic extract (4 h) contained higher total phenolics (174.62 GAE/g), flavonoids (8.90 QuE/g), DPPH free radical scavenging activity (88.12 %), ferric reducing antioxidant power (816.10 ?M Fe2+/100 g) and metal chelating activity (68.50 %). The selected lyophilized extract has also shown higher zone of inhibition against S. aureus and E. coli as 22.0 mm and 20.0 mm at 100 ppm concentration. Hence, fruit flavedo is rich source of total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity which are beneficial natural antioxidants to health and have many health promoting properties which makes the flavedo suitable for future processing into various functional/nutraceutical foods.
3 illus, 4 tables, 25 ref
HAMID, THAKUR N S, THAKUR A, SHARMA C, BHATT K, KHAN A A
047462 HAMID, THAKUR N S, THAKUR A, SHARMA C, BHATT K, KHAN A A (Food Science and Technology Dep, Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar Univ of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan - 173 230, Himachal Pradesh, Email: hamidfst6789@gmail.com) : Pomegranate and its wild genotypes: Nutraceutical opportunities and challenges. Ann. Phytomed 2020, 9 (1), 32 - 43.
The great possibilities of bioactive from fruits and their by - products to maintain or improve health, is increasing the interest in finding new products with positive pharmacological effects. Pomegranate and its wild genotypes play great role as a functional food of interest due to its multiple beneficial bioactive components which exerts protective role towards various degenerative diseases. Furthermore, pomegranate and its different parts such as arils, peel, membrane and seeds contain different bioactive compounds such as ascorbic acid, anthocyanins, gallic acid, ellagic acid, punicalagin, quercetin, etc., which have higher bioactivity due to potential to reduce free radical generation and ability to prevent generation of various diseases. Not only commercial cultivars of pomegranate, but different parts of wild genotypes also posseses wide antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activity against food borne pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, etc. In this review, we highlight different studies on the bioactive compounds of pomegranate and its wild genotypes parts specifically linking them through antioxidant activity with increasing therapeutic effects.
5 tables, 72 ref
SARKAR A, DUTTA A
047355 SARKAR A, DUTTA A (Dairy Business Management Dep, West Bengal Univ of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata - 700 037, Email: sarkaravijit@rediffmail.com) : Challenges and opportunities of dairy sector in India vis - ? - vis world: a critical review . Explor Anim Med Res 2020, 10 (1), 009 - 17.
Globally, dairy sector is undergoing phenomenal changes in terms of technology, feed quality, health & quality of breed, quality assurance, equipment & machineries, diversification of milk products and marketing concept. This is forcing the dairy sector to relook at the current strategy. With consideration of existing challenges and opportunities at milk producers, milk processors, marketers and consumers level, this review article has outlined overarching viewpoints and subsequently, has explored how the dairy sector needs to adapt. Study has been extended from global to National level including the state of West Bengal. Indian Dairy sector needs to take care of a few basic problems like shortage of quality feed & fodder, quality bovine breed and below par milk producers? selling price. In addition, a few relevant opportunities should be availed through co - product generation as a part of holistic approach in handling dairy farming and dairy industry. In view of significant socio - economic dependency in Indian context, revenue model needs routine exploitation from biogas generation, culling of unproductive animals, adoption of economies of scale at milk federation level and effective institutionalization in states like West Bengal to establish this dairy sector as a sustainable source of livelihood.
1 table, 61 ref
HUSSEIN S N, SHUKUR M S
047348 HUSSEIN S N, SHUKUR M S (Surgery and Medicine Dep, Univ of Duhok, Iraq, Email: mohammed.shukur@uod.ac) : In - vitro anthelmentic efficacy of pumpkin seed oil (Cucurbita Pepo) on toxocariosis (Toxocara Cati) . Explor Anim Med Res 2020, 10 (2), 154 - 61.
The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of pumpkin seed oil on embryonic and larval development of Toxocara cati eggs. The eggs were extracted from uterus of female T. cati worms. For embryonic and larval development, the eggs were suspended with 2.5 % formalin - ringer solution maintained at 25?C and 80 % humidity. After 35 days of incubation, 83.5 % of the eggs developed into larvae. Twenty - five ml of pumpkin seed oil added into each suspension containing eggs and developed larvae, separately. The result showed that, the eggs were only developed into two cells stage in rates of 61.9 % and 43.2 % at first and fourth week of incubation, respectively. The rate of undeveloped eggs was 35.7 % and 56.75 % at first and fourth week, respectively. The effect of pumpkin seeds oil on second stage developed larvae in showed that, the rate of live larvae was 38.2 % and dead larvae was 61.75 % at first week and 12.8 % and 87.17 % at second week. In control group, 84 % of the eggs developed into larvae at the fourth week of incubation period. The results revealed that, pumpkin seed oil has a high anthelmintic efficacy against Toxocara cati and it can be used as an effective traditional herbal medicine for treatment of helminthiases.
7 illus, 5 table, 29 ref
KHIDR R E, MORSY A S
047309 KHIDR R E, MORSY A S (Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt, Email: raafatkhidr@yahoo.com) : Dietary treatment of heat shock proteins with selected feed additives to enhance thermotolerance in poultry under egyptian desert conditions: review and perspective . Anim Sci Rep 2020, 13 (4), 012 - 24.
Egypt, located in northeastern Africa and southwestern Asia on the coordinates 27? E and 30? N is usually hot and dry in the summer (June - September), where the peak of outdoor ambient temperature converge at a sizzling 45?C,which is higher than the critical temperature (35oC), with a relative humidity of 61%. The meteorological factors, particularly high ambient temperature and high relative humidity, result in severe heat stress in fowls, culminating in exertion of harmful effects on thermoregulation reactions, hematological parameters, immune responses, and egg production in hens and semen characteristics in cocks. There have been several research efforts to enhance thermotolerance for minimization of heat - related mortality and maintenance of productivity in fowls. These researches include heat acclimation, nutritional manipulation, and inclusion of feed additives, particularly heat shock proteins, alkalis (e.g., Sodium bicarbonate) and vitamins (Vitamin C) in diet and water. However, efficiencies of most of the interventions were variable or inconsistent. More recently, two methods have been explored for early - life conditioning, i.e., perinatal heat acclimation and genetic selection of breeds with enhanced heat tolerance capacity for coping with heat stress conditions, with exploration on boosting of heat shock proteins (HSP) in cells and tissues, under both unstressed and stressed conditions. Environmental and pathological stresses induce HSPs, especially the inducible forms of HSP70 and HSP72, which act as chaperone, and play a critical role in protecting cells against the adverse effects of hyperthermia, and improve bird's productive performance and survival ability during exposure to heat stress at later ages. It has also been observed that thermo - respiratory responses (rectal temperature and respiration rate) decreases in hens exposed to HSPs, which means that they can be physiologically manipulated to boost heat stress tolerance by thermal conditioning. HSPs improve immunity of heat stressed hens leading to higher survival rate, besides improving their productivity. Studies have also shown that supplementation with 250 mg vitamin C and 1.5 % sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO?) singly or conjointly enhances productivity of hens. Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant, while NaHCO? is an electrolyte that causes respiratory alkalosis. HSPs also improve ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, total sperm output, sperm motility, total motile sperms in cocks. The perspective of the study highlights the prospects of integrating HSPs with vitamin C and Sodium bicarbonate singly or conjointly to heat stressed fowls for sustenance of egg production in hens and improvement in semen quality of cocks as a valuable breeding protocol for poultry production under heat stress conditions in Egyptian deserts.
2 illus, 3 tables, 47 ref
ZAYED M A
047306 ZAYED M A (esert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt, Email: mazf205@yahoo,com) : Heavy metal concentrations and their correlations with physical meat quality attributes in abo - deleek sheep of egypt under intensive and semi - intensive management systems . Anim Sci Rep 2020, 13 (3), 31 - 47.
Animal proteins are important for human nutrition, particularly meat that provides essential amino acids and other bioactive ingredients. Some heavy metal pollutants, e.g., cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), nickel (Ni) and mercury (Hg); get into animal rations and food chains, and induce toxic effects in animals and might extend it to humans through consumption of foods of animal origin, particularly meat. Rise in environmental pollution due to high rate of industrialization are responsible for increased concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Fe, Zn etc.) in the environment that are largely air - borne and could be deposited along with dust into the soils, water, and plants that ruminants graze. Abo - Deleek sheep reared in Halaieb - Shalateen - Abouramad triangle region, south of Egypt, are raised primarily for lamb meat production, and are reared under extensive system. But commercial meat production can be boosted with indoor feeding (intensive system) or with provision of supplemental feed (semi - intensive system) besides grazing. However, there is no elaborate study regarding heavy metal concentration of meat under intensive and semi - intensive feeding management systems. This study elaborates heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cd, Co, Ni, Fe, Cr, Mn, Cu and Hg) concentrations of fresh meat muscle (Longsimus dorsi) and liver obtained from fourteen male lambs of Abo - Deleek breed at one year of age after rearing for six months under intensive and semi - intensive management systems in Halaieb - Shalateen - Abouramad triangle of Egypt. The study revealed that there was no difference (P>0.05) between intensive and semi - intensive feeding systems in respect of heavy metal concentrations in LD muscle and liver of the lambs. The correlations between Cu & Co (0.88), Cr & Shear force (0.72), Cooking loss & Cr (0.58), Shear force & Cooking loss (0.54), and pH & yellowness coloration of meat (0.60) were positive and significant (P<0.05), while the correlations between Cr & redness coloration of meat was negative ( - 0.68) and significant (P<0.05). It is concluded that heavy metal concentrations of meat and liver of Abo - Deleek lambsof Halaieb - Shalateen - Abouramad triangle region both under intensive and semi - intensive feeding systems are quite low and are not a threat to human health. It is also a reflection of insignificant heavy metal contamination of the fodder crops, pasture, water, and the ambient environment in this region. Moreover, the concentrations of some of the heavy metals can be judged by producer/consumer from the color configuration of meat.
1 illus, 5 tables, 50 ref
SALEM F M
047304 SALEM F M (Animal and Poultry Nutrition Dep, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt, Email: omar.askar2007@yahoo,com) : The effect of organic acids addition in laying hens diets on egg production, egg quality, shell characteristics and some blood constituents during the last stage of production. Anim Sci Rep 2020, 13 (3), 15 - 30.
The aging laying hens are considered uneconomical due to low egg laying percentage, lower feed efficiency and decreased egg shell calcification. Dietary administration of organic acids can alleviate these problems by reducing the pH and increasing the length and depth of villi of the gastrointestinal tract enhancing thereby the digestibility of nutrients, absorption of minerals (Ca and P) and escalation of protein utilization through increased secretion and activity of the enzyme ?Pepsin?, which is beneficial for both, the environment and the production economy. Paucity of information on this aspect inspired us to take up this study. Eighty H&N Brown Nick laying hens (79 - 88 weeks of age) were used to assess the impact of dietary supplementation of formic acid, propionic acid and their combination on the productive performance, egg quality, shell characteristics and some blood biochemical parameters during the late stage of production. Hens were randomly distributed into 4 groups. Each group contained 10 replicates with 2 hens/ replicate. The treatments were C (Basal diet), T1 (0.5 ml formic acid / kg diet), T2 (0.5 ml propionic acid / kg diet) and T3 (0.5 ml formic acid + 0.5 ml propionic acid / kg diet).The hens were given iso - nitrogenous (17.6 % CP) and iso - caloric (2800 Kcal ME/Kg) basal diet. In comparison with the control, the treatments of acids and/or their mixture revealed a highly significant increase (P<0.001) in hen - day egg production and daily egg mass with reduction (P<0.001) in the feed intake and improvement (P<0.001) in the feed conversion ratio. The heaviest (P<0.001) egg weight was observed with formic acid (T1). Shell thickness, shell weight and shell surface area were significantly increased (P<0.05) with organic acids compared to the control. Propionic acid recorded the highest value (P<0.05) of plasma globulin and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the lowest (P<0.05) albumin/globulin ratio. The addition of formic acid alone (T1) or mixed with propionic acid (T3) caused significant reduction (P<0.05) in plasma cholesterol, while insignificant reduction in triglycerides was observed with formic acid treatment (T1). Plasma urea was significantly decreased (P<0.05) by the addition of acids compared to the control, while propionic acid (T2) and mixture of formic acid and propionic acid treatments (T3) recorded the lowest (P<0.05) plasma creatinine. The differences among treatments regarding alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartic transaminase (AST) were non - significant (P>0.05). There are a tendency to increase (P=0.07) the gross energy content (kcal/ kg) of the internal egg components with propionic acid (T2) and acid mixture (T3) compared to the other treatments. It is concluded that organic acids supplementation in laying hens? diet during the late stage of production had positive effects on the productivity and the related economic traits, besides bolstering immunity, that conferred protection against infectious diseases, without any adverse effects on the liver and kidney functions.
7 tables, 60 ref
SALEM F M, DAYEM A A A E
047296 SALEM F M, DAYEM A A A E (Animal and Poultry Nutrition Dep, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt, Email: omar.askar2007@yahoo.com) : The impact of probiotic and prebiotic on egg production, egg quality and retention of nutrients in laying hens reared under desert conditions in Egypt. Anim Sci Rep 2020, 13 (3), 001 - 14.
Poultry egg producers incur distressing financial loss during summer season in Egypt due to exposure of laying hens to heat stress resulting in alteration of nutritional behavior and physiological functions culminating in production loss and reduction of revenue from sale due to quality deterioration of eggs. However, some feed additives, such as, probiotics and prebiotics can prevent heat stress aiding to restore egg productivity and quality characteristics of eggs in laying hens during summer season. The current study was conducted on 80 H&N Brown Nick laying hens during summer months (July - October) in the year 2018 for 14 weeks from 42 to 56 weeks of age. The average of maximum ambient temperature during the study period was 34.1?0.3.4 ?C, RH % was 80.1?7.9 % and THI was 30.1?3.0. The hens were grouped (n=20) into four groups and were fed on probiotic (T1: 1kg Bio - plus 2B? / ton of feed), prebiotic (T2: 1kg Techno Mos? / ton of feed) and Synbiotic (T3: 1kg Bio - plus 2B? +1kgTechno Mos? / ton of feed) supplemented diets. One group served as the control (C). The characteristics included in the study were Hen - day egg production (%), egg weight (g), daily egg mass (g), feed consumption (g/hen/day), feed conversion ratio (feed Intake/egg mass), initial and final live body weights (g), body weight changes (g), egg and shell quality characteristics, and retention of nutrients. The results revealed that dietary probiotic, prebiotic or their blend exhibited non - significant (P>0.05) decrease in egg production, egg mass and feed consumption versus the control, whereas egg weight and feed conversion ratio were not significantly different (P>0.05) among the treatments. Body weight changes were slightly increased by probiotic treatment compared to the others. There was a significant increase (P<0.05) in shell weight due to prebiotic (T2) and synbiotic (T3) treatments. Also, the synbiotic treatment showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in yolk (%) and significant decrease (P<0.05) in albumen (%) and haugh unit (P<0.01), while yolk/albumen ratio was significantly increased (P<0.05) with all treatments compared with the control. The feed intake (g), excretion (g) and retention (%) of nutrients (DM, OM, CP, EE), the utilization of gross energy (kcal/kg) and apparent metabolizable energy, i.e., AME (kcal/kg) did not differ (P>0.05) among the treatment groups. It is concluded that dietary supplementation of probiotic (Bio - plus2B?), prebiotic (Techno Mos?) or their combination (synbiotic) did not positively affect the productive performance of laying hens during hot summer season, but yolk / albumen ratio was increased (P<0.05) in the treatment groups over the control group indicating better nutritional quality of eggs. Also, the haugh units of eggs in the treatment groups (Range: 75 - 87) were of AA grade (? 72 HU) according to the gradation of United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) indicating better protein quality and desirable freshness of eggs, despite high ambient temperature (34.1?3.4 OC) during summer in Sinai desert of Egypt.
7 tables, 58 ref
SRINIDHI S, PRAMOD P
001364 SRINIDHI S, PRAMOD P (Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal- 576 104) : Bird strike to aircrafts: An assessment of changing bird populations at select Indian airfields. Def Life Sci J 2021, 6(2), 155-65.
Bird Strikes (BS) are a significant threat to flight safety and a serious economic concern in the aviation industry. Variation of population and activity of different birds over an airfield leads to variation in their vulnerability for Bird Strike as well. In this study, an attempt was made to document the monthly variation of bird activity over three Indian airfields situated in different bio-geographical provinces in the year 2019-20. A significant activity of Black Kites (including the sub-species Black-eared Kite namely Milvus migrans govinda and Milvus migrans lineatus) and Lapwing (Vanellus indicus) were studied to understand their annual cycle as well as long term changes in their activity over airfields (over 30 years). Agra recorded an increase of 10.3 times in the activity of Black Kites in forty years. Black Kite data in correlation with the past information on Vultures indicate that the Black Kites are taking over the ecological niche of Vultures. Sirsa recorded an increase of 15 times in the activity of Red-wattled Lapwings in ten years and started dwindling again. The numbers of both species were stable over the Jodhpur airfield. The probable causes for long-term changes in Black Kite activity were identified as the type of waste management of the cities nearby, presence of other birds and migration. Similarly, changes in the activity of Red-wattled Lapwing could be partly attributed to the type of vegetation cover, long-term ecological changes, and intensive harassment of the bird. These findings will help airfield safety managers to initiate Solid Waste Management projects in the nearby city and monitor the bird population to control the major variations.
7 illus, 7 tables, 39 ref
RAUL P K, DAS B, DEVI R R, DWIVEDI S K
001363 RAUL P K, DAS B, DEVI R R, DWIVEDI S K (DRDO- Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur- 784 001) : Nanoscale copper(ii) oxide: An efficient and reusable adsorbent for removal of nickel (ii) from contaminated water. Def Life Sci J 2021, 6(2), 146-54.
The present work describes the synthesis of copper(II) oxide nanoparticles (NPs) with high surface area (52.11 m2/g) and its Ni(II) adsorption efficiency from contaminated water at room temperature. Copper (II) oxide NPs are able to remove Ni(II) as 93.6 per cent and 93.7 per cent using 500 ppb & 1000 ppb initial concentration of nickel at near-neutral pH respectively. CuO NPs is very much effective to remove more than 75 per cent nickel over a wide range of pH even in presence of other competing ions like Cd2+, Pb2+, Cr6+, SO42-. Prepared CuO NPs can be used to remove Ni(II) from aqueous solution in real field application.
12 illus, 3 tables, 40 ref
SURYAKUMAR G, GHOSH D, RATHOR R, BHAUMIK G, SINGH S N, KUMAR B
001362 SURYAKUMAR G, GHOSH D, RATHOR R, BHAUMIK G, SINGH S N, KUMAR B (DRDO-Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi- 110 054) : Rapid acclimatisation to high altitude by intermittent hypoxia training at sea-level: Role of biochemical markers. Def Life Sci J 2021, 6(2), 138-45.
Rapid induction of soldiers to high altitude under emergency situation may lead to higher incidence of acute mountain sickness (AMS) and other high altitude illness. Intermittent Hypoxia Training (IHT) at sea level before going to high altitude is an approach for rapid acclimatisation. This approach may be helpful to reduce the occurrence of AMS and leads to better acclimatisation at high altitude in shorter duration. The present study evaluates the role of biochemical markers of acclimatisation after IHT before induction to actual high altitude. The study participants were Indian Army Personnel (n=30) and they were divided into two groups of control (n=16) and IHT exposed (n=14). The intermittent hypoxia training was administered at 12 per cent Oxygen for 4h/day for 4 days at sea level using normobaric hypoxia chamber and within 24 hrs - 48 hrs the subjects were airlifted to Leh, Ladakh, India at 11,700 ft. Preconditioning with IHT may be beneficial in maintaining antioxidant levels and ameliorate oxidative stress at high altitude. The hypoxia responsive proteins like Hemeoxygenase -1 (HO-1) and Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the cytoprotective stress proteins, which facilitate the acclimatisation, may also get benefited by IHT exposure.
1 illus, 1 table, 65 ref
VERMA S, DUTTA A
001361 VERMA S, DUTTA A (DRDO-Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi- 110 054) : Quercetin 3-rutinoside facilitates protection against radiation-induced genotoxic and oxidative damage: A study in c57bl/6 mice. Def Life Sci J 2021, 6(2), 128-37.
Radiation-induced oxidative stress and haematopoietic genomic instability is the major concern during planned or unplanned exposure. Use of the natural phytochemicals is an emerging strategy to prevent from the harmful effects of radiation. In the current investigation, Quercetin 3-Rutinoside (Q-3-R), a polyphenolic bioflavonoid, has been evaluated against gamma radiation (2Gy) induced genotoxic damage and oxidative imbalance in mice. Mice were administered with Q-3-R (10mg/kg body weight) 1hr prior to irradiation and evaluated for its antioxidant potential. Anti-genotoxic potential was assessed in terms of chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow cells. Findings revealed that Q-3-R had very high reducing potential, effectively scavenged 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide radicals, chelated metal ions and inhibited lipid peroxidation in a dose dependant manner. The glutathione (GSH) levels were found elevated (p<0.05), while reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were seen in blood and liver tissues of Q-3-R pretreated mice. Significant (p<0.01) reduction in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels and radiation induced aberrations (dicentrics, rings, fragments, end to end association, robertsonian translocation) following Q-3-R pretreatment was found in bone marrow cells. The present findings demonstrate that Q-3-R can effectively minimise radiation-induced genotoxic and oxidative damages and can be explored further to be used as a potent radioprotector in humans.
7 illus, 1 table, 36 ref
KESHRI G K, VERMA S, GUPTA A
001360 KESHRI G K, VERMA S, GUPTA A (DRDO-Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi- 110 054) : Effect of pulsed-810 nm laser photobiomodulation on dermal wound healing and oxidative stress in immunosuppressed rats. Def Life Sci J 2021, 6(2), 122-7.
Under immunosuppression, the sequential overlapping wound repair phases get hampered due to dysregulated or persistent inflammation leading to non-healing chronic wounds formation. The present study investigates the effect of low-power 810 nm diode laser (70 mWmean output power; 40 mW/cm2 average irradiance; 24 J/cm2 total fluence; 10 Hz pulse frequency; duty cycle 50 per cent; 10 min. illumination time once daily for seven days) photobiomodulation (PBM) on dermal penetration ability, wound healing and oxidative stress in hydrocortisone-induced immunosuppressed rats. The results of the penetration ability of 810 nm laser irradiation to the depth of the sub-dermal region revealed that the transmitted power of laser at 10 Hz pulsed-mode was better and easier than continuous-mode. The present findings clearly delineated that PBM with 810 nm laser at 10 Hz significantly augmented healing and reduced oxidative stress as evidenced by decreased free radicals, nitric oxide (NO) levels, enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity and wound area contraction facilitating the cellular redox homeostasis and promoting the tissue repair process. In conclusion, PBM with NIR 810 nm laser at pulsed-mode 10 Hz frequency showed better penetration and accelerated dermal wound healing in immunosuppressed rats.
3 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref
SWATI, PANDEY H K, SINGH A, MEENA H S, BALA M
001359 SWATI, PANDEY H K, SINGH A, MEENA H S, BALA M (DRDO-Defence Institute of Bio-Energy Research, Haldwani- 263 139) : Evaluation of phyto-chemical, biochemical and In-vitro antioxidant potential of Angelica glauca grown at high altitude areas of western Himalayas. Def Life Sci J 2021, 6(2), 117-21.
Angelica glauca Edgew is an important medicinal and aromatic herb (family Apiaceae). The roots of A. glauca commonly used as spices by local peoples. In the present study, the phytochemical constituents, biochemical parameters and, in-vitro antioxidant activity of A. glauca roots collected from the Himalayan region have been studied. For preliminary phytochemical analysis, the hydroalcoholic and aqueous root extract of Angelica glauca were screened for the presence of carbohydrates, protein, alkaloids, glycosides, sterols, triterpenes, saponin, tannins, phenols, flavonoids, and coumarin. The biochemical parameter and in-vitro antioxidant potential of Angelica glauca were analysed by using standard methods. Phytochemical analysis of extract showed major classes of phytochemicals constituents such as carbohydrates, protein, alkaloids, glycosides, sterols, triterpenes, saponin, tannins, phenols, flavonoids, and coumarin. The results from the current study demonstrated that A.glauca roots contained carbohydrate (21±0.72 %), crude protein (12.7±0.31 %), total ash (3.86±0.034 %), dietary fiber (18.9±0.14 %), total fat (4.5±0.38 %) and ascorbic acid (68.5±0.19mg/100g). The hydroalcoholic extract showed the highest quantity of total phenol, total flavonoids, and total tannin content compared to aqueous extract. The hydroalcoholic extract exhibited high DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50=68.1±0.34 μg/ml). The result showed that A.glauca roots have high nutritional and antioxidant potential. Hence the plant can be used as a nutraceutical and natural antioxidant.
1 illus, 5 tables, 35 ref
GOYAL S, PANDEY H K, GULERIA K, TEWARI G
001358 GOYAL S, PANDEY H K, GULERIA K, TEWARI G (Kumaun Univ, Nainital- 263 002) : Variation in antioxidant activity and antioxidant constituents of thymus serpyllum l. grown in different climatic conditions of Uttarakhand Himalayas. Def Life Sci J 2021, 6(2), 109-16.
In-vitro antioxidant activity of therapeutically important plant Thymus serpyllum L. grown at different altitudes viz. foothill areas, lower Himalayan and higher Himalayan regions were evaluated against various radicals such as DPPH, ABTS and reducing power assays. The antioxidant constituents like total phenols, flavonoids and total tannins were also evaluated in the present study. The results revealed that the alcoholic, as well as the aqueous extracts of the plant, showed significant antioxidant potential against all the radicals. Extracts obtained from different altitude cultivation showed variation in IC50 values. The alcoholic and aqueous extracts prepared from the plants grown at foothill areas (Haldwani) showed the highest DPPH (IC50: ALC-0.566 mg/ml; AQ- 0.778 mg/ml), ABTS (IC50: ALC- 0.484 mg/ml; AQ- 0.533 mg/ml) and reducing power (EC50: ALC- 0.29 mg/ml; 0.42 mg/ml) activities, followed by high altitude cultivated plants, (Auli), with moderate antioxidant activity. The extracts from mid-altitude cultivation (Pithoragarh) exhibited the least antioxidant potential. The results showed that the amount of total phenolics and flavonoids were significantly correlated to the antioxidant activity. Higher the value of phenolics (TS3: 12.63mg CE/g> TS1: 11.51 mg CE/g> TS2: 10.70 mg CE/g) and flavonoids (TS3: 9.30 mg QE/g> TS1: 9.07mg QE/g> TS2: 6.59mg QE/g) in the extracts, greater was the antioxidant activity. Therefore, T. serpyllum grown in foothill areas was more beneficial in preparing various herbal formulations.
7 illus, 1 table, 29 ref
BHANDARI A, JAIN V, BHANDARI R
001357 BHANDARI A, JAIN V, BHANDARI R (DRDO-Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Timarpur, Delhi- 110 054) : COVIDentistry: Combating corona virus spread in dental setup-Indian prospective. Def Life Sci J 2021, 6(1), 93-105.
Making its first presence in humans in China in late 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has been identified as a highly contagious viral particle causing distress of lower respiratory system, named COVID-19. Since January 2020, there has been a worldwide increase in the number of COVID-19 cases and associated deaths. Owing to the contagious nature of the disease and socializing human culture, the disease has spanned over continents resulting in some countries being more severely affected than others. Since the first knowledge of the disease, interim guidelines have been constantly issued by competent authorities to safeguard the interest of masses and healthcare professionals. As and when new details are procured, these guidelines are adequately modified and circulated. As a standard measure, all individuals are expected to maintain social distancing, cover their face with a mask during any outdoor activity and practice hand hygiene and cough etiquettes. Respiratory droplet spread is the most potential source identified for this uncontrolled disease spread. Being of smaller size, aerosols produced during medical treatment too act a potential source of viral particle dissemination. Almost all dental procedures involve production of aerosols in some form or the other, irrespective of the kind of instrumentation used. Additionally, proximity to the oral cavity, one of the sources of droplet production, poses a high risk of disease contraction by dental healthcare workers and visiting patients. With consideration to dental practice, various guidelines have been issued to minimise and control the spread of COVID-19. This article is written with an aim of reviewing these guidelines and sensitizing and encouraging the dental fraternity to follow them and contribute in the current world health crisis.
5 illus, 3 tables, 66 ref
BHAGI S, ALOK A, CHAUDHURY N K
001356 BHAGI S, ALOK A, CHAUDHURY N K (DRDO-Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Timarpur, Delhi- 110 054) : Radiation-induced gene expression signatures for triage biodosimetry. Def Life Sci J 2021, 6(1), 84-92.
Medical management of radiation emergencies will require quick and reliable biodosimetric tools for assessment of absorbed dose. Dicentric chromosomal assay (Gold standard) has a limitation of being time intensive, requires specialised human skill and cannot be used for triage and mass screening. Dose assessments of suspected individuals are critical for the medical management of radiation emergencies. For effectively utilizing the available resources, there is an urgent need for developing triage biodosimetry tools for determining the exposure status of suspected individuals. High-throughput methods, utilising the novel “omics” science approaches are emerging as new technologies and gene expression-based biodosimetry is considered a promising technique for radiation dose assessment. Gene expression signatures of radiation have demonstrated the potential for triage biodosimetry. It is a minimally invasive, rapid and reliable approach that has the ability to be a robust field-deployable point-of-care high throughput technique. In addition gene expression based biodosimetry can be useful for long-term epidemiological assessment, clinical radiation oncology and radiodiagnosis.
50 ref
SHARMA S, DATTA S, CHATTERJEE S, VAIRALE M G, DWIVEDI S K
001355 SHARMA S, DATTA S, CHATTERJEE S, VAIRALE M G, DWIVEDI S K (DRDO-Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur- 784 001) : Potential application of bacteriophage in decontaminating biothreat agents. Def Life Sci J 2021, 6(1), 69-83.
Multidrug resistant bacterial infections have become a potent risk, globally and there is an urgent need to phage and phage-derived enzymes as a therapeutic agent. The risk is more prominent in underdeveloped nations, where high population density, poor drinking water, inadequate sanitary and health care facilities ease the spread of infection. Bacteriophages (or ‘phages’) are abundant in nature and highly specific in their infection and pathogenicity, allowing their isolation, enrichment and use against specific bacteria. Employing bacteriophages as a tool for neutralizing potential biological threat agents can thus be an effective approach towards preparedness for biothreat mitigation. Unlike chemical antibiotics, phages are self-propagating, i.e., starting with a small number they can sustain their population, do not affect non-target/ beneficial bacterial populations. The tremendous potential of bacteriophages has recently been shown in treating multidrug resistant bacterial infections in terminally ill human subjects with unprecedented success. The natural anti-bacterial properties can be harnessed for decontamination of food, water, crops and for many other purposes including pathogen reduction in wastewater etc. Additionally, with the advancement in genetic engineering, deliberate use of such engineered multidrug resistant bacteria by state/non-state players has also become a reality. Owing to their resistance to several of the available antibiotics, control and mitigation of emerging pathogens is going to be great challenge. In this context, bacteriophages could be of potential use, since these viruses specifically infect bacterial hosts, often leading to their destruction.
3 illus, 1 table, 78 ref
DOLKER T, KUMAR D, CHANDEL J S, ANGMO S, CHAURASIA O P, STOBDAN T
001354 DOLKER T, KUMAR D, CHANDEL J S, ANGMO S, CHAURASIA O P, STOBDAN T (DRDO-Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Leh Ladakh- 194 101) : Phenological and pomological characteristics of native apple (Malus domestica borkh.)cultivars of trans-Himalayan Ladakh, India. Def Life Sci J 2021, 6(1), 63-8.
In this study, we presented an in silico molecular docking between the SARS-CoV-2 four proteins [(a) SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein N-terminal RNA binding domain (6M3M), (b) Nsp9 RNA binding protein of SARS CoV-2 (6W4B), (c) The crystal structure of COVID-19 main protease in apo form (6M03), and (d) Structure of the 2019-nCoV HR2 Domain (6LVN)] available in the PDB (Protein Data Bank), and the medicinal plant-based phytochemicals (retrieved from PubChem database) as ligand molecules i.e. Piperine (Black Pepper), Eugenol (Clove), Alliin (Garlic), Gingerol (Ginger) and Curcumin (Turmeric). All these ligand molecules showed good docking with their respective receptor molecules and their scores range from -8.195 to -5.263. DockThor Portal (a receptor ligand-docking server) which was recently developed and published this year were used in the current study. The obtained results might help in the wet lab conditions to develop better antiviral compounds against SARS-CoV-2.
1 illus, 16 ref
MARWAL A, MEENA M, GAUR R K
001353 MARWAL A, MEENA M, GAUR R K (Mohanlal Sukhadia Univ, Udaipur– 313 001) : Molecular docking studies of coronavirus proteins with medicinal plant-based phytochemicals. Def Life Sci J 2021, 6(1), 56-62.
In this study, we presented an in silico molecular docking between the SARS-CoV-2 four proteins [(a) SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein N-terminal RNA binding domain (6M3M), (b) Nsp9 RNA binding protein of SARS CoV-2 (6W4B), (c) The crystal structure of COVID-19 main protease in apo form (6M03), and (d) Structure of the 2019-nCoV HR2 Domain (6LVN)] available in the PDB (Protein Data Bank), and the medicinal plant-based phytochemicals (retrieved from PubChem database) as ligand molecules i.e. Piperine (Black Pepper), Eugenol (Clove), Alliin (Garlic), Gingerol (Ginger) and Curcumin (Turmeric). All these ligand molecules showed good docking with their respective receptor molecules and their scores range from -8.195 to -5.263. DockThor Portal (a receptor ligand-docking server) which was recently developed and published this year were used in the current study. The obtained results might help in the wet lab conditions to develop better antiviral compounds against SARS-CoV-2.
1 table, 17 ref
AHMED W A, SALIH N, SALIMON J
003199 AHMED W A, SALIH N, SALIMON J (Chemical Sciences Dep, Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, Email: nadiaalnami@hotmail.com) : Lubricity, tribological and rheological properties of green ester oil prepared from bio-based azelaic acid. Asian J Chem 2021, 33 (6), 1363 - 9.
Plant oil derived compounds have been used as the raw material for the synthesis of green biolubricant. Azelaic acid derived from oleic acid is one of the interesting compounds. The synthesis of azelate esters oil based synthetic green biolubricants was carried out. The esterification process of azelaic acid with variety type of alcohols was catalyzed by concentrated H2SO4. The yields percentages of azelate esters oil produced were varied depending their overall molecular structure. The azelate esters oil properties were evaluated for their suitability as a biolubricant. The results showed that the linear azelate esters oil showed high pour point values in a range of 15 to 5 ºC for di-decyl azelate, di-octyl azelate and di-hexyl azelate respectively. On the other hands, the branch azelate esters oil showed very low pour point of -70, -58 and -50 ºC for di-2-butyloctyl azelate, di-2-ethylhexanol azelate and di-2-ethylbutyl azelate, respectively. Moreover, the linear azelate esters oil gave high values of flash point, viscosity index and oxidative stability, and they were slightly affected by branching molecule structure. The tribological and rheological properties of high molecular azelate esters oil were also performed. Subsequently, most of them were classified as non-Newtonian fluids and having boundary lubrication properties with low friction coefficient. The branch azelate esters oil is plausible to be used as green biolubricants in many applications including automotive, marine engine oils, compressor oils, hydraulic fluids, gear oils and industrial biolubricants.
7 illus, 2 tables, 34 ref
RAJWANI S, YADAV P K S
003151 RAJWANI S, YADAV P K S (Oil Technology Dep, Harcourt Butler Technical Univ, Kanpur - 208 002, Email: surabhirajwani93hbti@gmail.com) : Comparative study of methods of chemical modification of dehydrated castor oil for synthesis of biolubricant. Asian J Chem 2021, 33 (5), 1013 - 8.
Vegetable oil blends are the emerging alternative feedstocks, which are being used to synthesize environment friendly lubricants. This work focuses on the Comparison of the methods of chemical modification, which are used for the biolubricant synthesis and also compares the resultant behaviour characterized on their thermal stability and viscosity. The biolubricant products are synthesized using two chemical modification methods. Method 1: Epoxidation of vegetable oil followed by transesterification of epoxidized oil. Method 2: Preparation of methyl esters (Transesterification) followed by epoxidation of methyl esters. Biolubricant derived from method 1 shows better thermal stability (Tonset = 338 ºC) compared to method 2 (Tonset = 205 ºC). The viscosity indices and pour point values of the products were found to be 222; 4.6 ºC and 216; 6.0 ºC, respectively. Thus, the biolubricant derived from first method showed better physio-chemical properties and were comparable and a blend of non edible oil and waste cooking oil acts as potential basestock for biolubricant synthesis.
6 illus, 1 table, 29 ref
CHIRIRIWA H
003104 CHIRIRIWA H (Chemical Engineering Dep, Vaal Univ of Technology, South Africa, Email: harrychiririwa@yahoo.com) : An overview of recent trends in additive manufacturing with polymer powders, production, applications and developments. Asian J Chem 2021, 33 (4), 701 - 11.
In this article, an overview of three dimensional printing, also known as additive manufacturing (AM), with a focus on polymers is presented. As a starting point the additive manufacturing concept is described. Several well established technologies, including their advantages and drawbacks and a list of polymers, which are commonly used in commercial printers are evaluated and outlined. The additive manufacturing applications together with the key developments are also presented. The article further highlights major industrial applications, directions for promising research are identified, possible full exploitation potential of additive manufacturing in industries and finally outlines future challenges in this rapidly growing industries.
7 illus, 2 tables, 92 ref
DHIMAN A, THAKUR D, SUHAG R
000456 DHIMAN A, THAKUR D, SUHAG R (Food Science Technology Dep, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat, Haryana) : Influence of encapsulating materials on spray-dried palm oil-based powder. J Pharm Innov 2021, 10(1), 120-5.
The present study was carried out to study the development of palm oil-based spray dried fat powder using three different encapsulating wall materials namely TSLP (Sodium caseinate + Lactose), TSMP (Sodium caseinate + Maltodextrin), and TSHAP (Sodium caseinate + Hi-Cap + Acacia gum). Results revealed that TSHAP has the lowest moisture content (6.66 %) and water activity (0.591 %) after 60 days of storage at the room temperature. Further, higher surface oil values (nearly 30 % of total oil) were obtained for all three combinations of wall material. The peroxide value of encapsulated palm oil increased with an increase in storage period but was found to be less than unencapsulated oil. Bulk density ranged from 0.2974 to 0.342 g/cm3 for TSLP and TSHAP, respectively whereas, tapped density was found to range from 0.3875 to 0.4675 g/cm3 . These developments can find relevant applications in the bakery and dairy industry.
4 illus, 42 ref
KUMAR H, RIZVI J A, SRIVASTAVA D
000586 KUMAR H, RIZVI J A, SRIVASTAVA D (Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, Ranchi, Jharkhand, Email: kumar_harendra@rediffmail.com ) : Effect of concentration of MMT nanoclay on the mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of NBR/PP elastomeric nanocomposites. Rasayan J Chem 2021, 14(1), 641-6.
The effect of montmorillonite (MMT) Nanoclay as an outcome is investigated through experimental work over the characteristics of NBR/PP. Nano-composites samples preparation process adapted in this work belongs to the merger of MMT at diverse types of loadings conditions using the standard melt blending technique using two roll mill. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Thermo gravimetric analyzer (TGA) is used as recent methods to locate the characteristics underneath multiple properties of Nano-composites under concern. The FTIR-based outcome is measured to set up the structural characteristics associations. The thermal stability of Nanocomposites has been evaluated by TGA and it has been established that the highest thermal stability occurs at 3 wt% at the loading of MMT in the polymer matrix. Mechanical properties, for instance, tensile strength, tensile modulus and hardness have been evaluated using a Universal testing machine (UTM). The mechanical characteristics are depicted to intricate investigation associated with elongation, tensile strength hand tensile modulus. It is experiential that these properties are appreciably enhanced by incorporating MMT in the rubber matrix and supportive to uphold the highest assessment at the loading value of 3 phr. Electrical properties consequences how substantial enhancement in dielectric strength& arc resistance values when MMT content increases in the blend system.
3 illus, 4 tables, 22 ref
ASSIDQI K, YULIANI S, SIANIPAR N F, PURNAMANINGSIH R
000573 ASSIDQI K, YULIANI S, SIANIPAR N F, PURNAMANINGSIH R (Food Technology Dep, Bina Nusantara Univ, Jakarta, Indonesia, Email: nsianipar@binus.edu ) : Anticancer activity of nanoemulsion formulation of rodent tuber mutant extract (Typhonium flagelliforme) on human breast cancer cell line. Rasayan J Chem 2021, 14(1), 535-44.
Rodent tuber (Typhonium flagelliforme) as an herbal medicine has a play role to against cancer disease. This study aims to identify the bioactive compounds and to evaluate the anticancer activity on MCF-7 cancer cells of rodent tuber mutant plant (KB 6-1-2) extract and nanoemulsion formula in vitro. Nanoemulsion of rodent tuber mutant plant was developed with a 750 rpm homogenization technique for 30 min. The nanoemulsion were formulated with various surfactants and concentrations i.e. tween 80 (0.1 %, 0.5 %) and glycerol (0 %, 2.5 %, 5 %, 10 %). The best characteristic formula result was shown as F22, which has a particle size of 30.12 nm, polydispersity index of 0.51, and zeta potential of -16.20 mV. The results of the anticancer activity test have an IC50 value of rodent tuber mutant plant extract was 2.35 µg mL-1, and the F22 has an IC50 value of 1.89 µg mL-1 against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The GC-MS analysis was showing that the extract and F22 have an anticancer compound as hexadecanoic acid (22.8 %) and n-hexadecanoic acid (1.68 %), respectively. The results revealed that nanoemulsion F22 is more effective at inhibiting the growth of MCF-7 cancer cells than the extract only. F22 can be used as a candidate formula for application to functional drinks.
3 illus, 4 tables, 55 ref
BLIEVA R K, MUSTAFIN K G, AKHMETSADYKOV N N, SULEIMENOVA B, KALIEVA A K, NARMURATOVA B, SADUYEVA K, ZHAKIPBEKOVA A S, TAPENBAYEVA I E
000540 BLIEVA R K, MUSTAFIN K G, AKHMETSADYKOV N N, SULEIMENOVA B, KALIEVA A K, NARMURATOVA B, SADUYEVA K, ZHAKIPBEKOVA A S, TAPENBAYEVA I E (Biochemistry Dep, Research and Production Enterprise Antigen Co. Ltd, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Email: raubil@mail.ru) : Optimization of culture medium for enhanced protease biosynthesis in Streptomyces globisporus. Rasayan J Chem 2021, 14(1), 270-5.
In present study screening of strain strongly producing protease enzyme was conducted. Streptomyces globisporus 1/68 was found to possess maximum protein degrading capacity. The effect of carbon sources, inorganic and organic nitrogen sources on protease production by Streptomyces globisporus 1/68 was evaluated. The optimal carbon and nitrogen sources in the nutrient medium were selected. Maximal protease production was shown in medium with galactose as a carbon source (1.2 U/ml). Among inorganic nitrogen sources tested ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4) supported moderate growth and protease production in Streptomyces globisporus 1/68 with enzymatic activity of 5.8 U/ml. The addition of organic nitrogen sources did not affect the protease biosynthesis in tested culture. Besides, amino acids supplemented in medium with selected nitrogen inorganic source had no significant effect on protease biosynthesis in by Streptomyces globisporus 1/68.
1 illus, 6 table, 28 ref
ELAVARASAN P, RENGADURAI S, ALI S B R, RAMESH S, VARAGUNAPANDIYAN N, EZHILARASI M R, UPADHYAYULA S
000539 ELAVARASAN P, RENGADURAI S, ALI S B R, RAMESH S, VARAGUNAPANDIYAN N, EZHILARASI M R, UPADHYAYULA S (Chemical Engineering Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai nagar, Tamil nadu, Email: pe08135@annamalaiuniversity.ac.in) : Optimizing process parameters for ionic liquid catalyzed tert-butylation of phenol using response surface methodology. Rasayan J Chem 2021, 14(1), 261-9.
Tert-butylation of phenol using N-(1,4-sulfonic acid) butyl triethylammonium hydrogen sulfate ionic liquid catalyst in a batch reactor is optimized the process parameters using Response Surface Methodology. A Box– Behnken experimental design is applied to optimize the parameters such as Reaction time, temperature, reactant mole ratio and catalyst (IL) to phenol mole ratio of reaction. The optimized parameters are to minimize stringent experimental conditions and maintain the usage of catalyst. Maximum phenol conversion and selective yield of 2,4-DTBP were found in batch experiments at modest temperature, phenol to alcohol ratio, catalyst (IL) to phenol ratio with optimum time
6 illus, 6 tables, 27 ref
RENGADURAI S, PREETHA B, KUMAR A A, MANIKANDAN K, ELAVARASAN P
000538 RENGADURAI S, PREETHA B, KUMAR A A, MANIKANDAN K, ELAVARASAN P (Chemical Engineering Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai nagar - 608 002, Email: sr08707@annamalaiuniversity.ac.in) : External mass transfer model for degradation of simulated textile effluent in packed bed reactor. Rasayan J Chem 2021, 14(1), 254-60.
The present study includes the treatment of Simulated Textile Effluent (STE) with a white rot fungus Trametes hirsuta immobilized on Na-alginate mixtures, in a co-current upflow packed bed reactor. The mass transfer coefficients were calculated based on the findings of the present investigation on the degradation of STE. For STE degraded with Trametes hirsuta immobilized Na-alginate of different sizes of beads (0.2 cm, 0.5 cm and 0.8 cm), different concentration of STE (775, 1550, 2325 and 3100 mg/l of COD) and different flow rates (0.026, 0.057, 0,102, 0.204 and 0.408 cm3 /s) were studied. A mass transfer model of the form jD = K(Re')n-1 was produced with values of 'K' as 1.98, 1.35 and 1.22, the value of ‘(n- 1)’ was found to be – 0.28.
4 illus, 3 tables, 22 ref
KUSUMATTAQIIN F, FITRIYANA, SUKEMI, SUNDU R, MUSTAMING
000510 KUSUMATTAQIIN F, FITRIYANA, SUKEMI, SUNDU R, MUSTAMING (Chemical Engineering Dep, Politeknik Negeri Samarinda, East-Kalimantan, Indonesia, Email: fataakusumattaqiin@polnes.ac.id) : Preparation of conductive film cellulose/reduced graphene oxides. Rasayan J Chem 2021, 14(1), 58-64.
This work aimed to prepare conductive composite films of cellulose and reduced graphene oxide (RGO), and also to study the effect of RGO contents on electrical properties. The cellulose was extracted by using microwave assisted method from cotton wool. To prepare conductive composite film, cellulose was mixed with 0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% (w/w) RGO using toluene diisocyanate (TDI) as a cross-linking agent. According to FT-IR characterization, films exhibited cellulose characteristics without a trace of untreated TDI on cellulose backbones. It was found that the conductivity of films increased as RGO concentration increased. The film exposed to the higher % RH exhibited a lower conductivity.
6 illus, 1 table, 18 ref
RAIYMBEKOV Y, BESTEREKOV U, NAZARBEK U, ABDURAZOVA P
000508 RAIYMBEKOV Y, BESTEREKOV U, NAZARBEK U, ABDURAZOVA P (Chemical Technology of Inorganic Substances Dep, M.Auezov South Kazakhstan State Univ, Shymkent- 160 000, Kazakhstan, Email: eplusr@bk.ru) : Beneficiation of low-grade phosphorites by humic acid. Rasayan J Chem 2021, 14(1), 46-50.
This paper presents the results of research on the beneficiation of Akzhar phosphorites (Kazakhstan) by humic acid synthesized from brown coal. The results of scanning electron microscopy studies of microstructure and IR spectroscopic data suggest the feasibility of using humic acid as a leachable reagent for the beneficiation of lowgrade phosphorites. The operating parameters of leaching by humic acid were determined. The obtained data complement the theory of using organic acids to remove carbonate impurities in the composition of phosphorites, and also provide scientific justification for further application in production.
5 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref
SINGH N, YADAV P K S, GUPTA S K
003050 SINGH N, YADAV P K S, GUPTA S K (Chemical Engineering Dep, Harcourt Butler Technical Univ, Kanpur - 208 002, Email: neetasinghrana90@gmail.com) : Synthesis and performance evaluation of green anionic polymeric surfactant for detergent application. Asian J. Chem 2021, 33 (2), 333 - 7.
The main role of this study is to prepare the green polymer based anionic surfactant as an alternative to non-biodegradable surfactant for detergent applications. The detergent properties i.e., surface tension measurements, foaming property, emulsifying ability, dispersing property, FTIR analysis and wetting behaviour were studied using several rheological techniques. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) value was obtained at 6 mg/L of surfactant concentration showing no further remarkable changes in surface tension with increases in concentration. Low surface tension value was correlated with decrease in cohesive force exist between the molecules and allowed the surfactant easily adsorbed on the pore surface. The low surface tension value, reliable wetting characteristic, excellent emulsifying power, benchmark dispersing behaviour and suitable foaming property assuring the successful utilization of polymer based anionic surfactant for detergent applications.
6 illus, 26 ref
JOSHI S K, SOHANI N, KHARE S,PRASAD R
003018 JOSHI S K, SOHANI N, KHARE S,PRASAD R (Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore - 452 001, Email: shwetakanungojoshi@gmail.com, rjndr.prsd3@gmail.com) : Kinetics and mechanism of slurry phase air oxidation of benzyl alcohol over zirconium vanadate catalyst. Asian J. Chem 2021, 33 (1), 108 - 12.
The kinetics of slurry phase air oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde over zirconium vanadate catalyst is reported in this study. Initial rates for the formation of product were determined by varying the partial pressures of the reactants. The data collected were found to satisfy a rate law: R = [(k1PBk2Po)/(k1PB + k2Po)]. The study suggests that reaction follows a Mars-Van Krevelen type of redox mechanism.
8 illus, 40 ref
SRINIVASACHARY K, RAJESH C, TIWARI S, SOMANNAVAR Y S, NADAKUDITY S K, MOTURU K M V R, BHANUCHADAR S, RAMADEVI B
003016 SRINIVASACHARY K, RAJESH C, TIWARI S, SOMANNAVAR Y S, NADAKUDITY S K, MOTURU K M V R, BHANUCHADAR S, RAMADEVI B (APL Research Centre-II, Aurobindo Pharma Ltd, Kandi Mandal, Sangareddy District - 502 329, Email: kathrojusrinivasachary@gmail.com) : Synthesis and characterization of potential impurities of eltrombopag olamine. Asian J. Chem 2021, 33 (1), 97 - 102.
This work reports the feasibility of recently developed industrial viable process for eltrombopag olamine starting from 2-bromo-6-nitro phenol and reports the identification of four potential impurities related to eltrombopag olamine, namely eltrombopag olamine ester (1), 2-aminophenol analogue of eltrombopag (2), 3,3′-(2-amino-3-oxo-3H-phenoxazine-4,6-diyl dibenzoic acid (3), 2′-hydroxy[1,1-biphenyl]- 3-carboxylic acid (4). These impurities are the crucial components in determining the quality of the drug substance, eltrombopag olamine during its manufacturing. These impurities have impact on the quality of eltrombopag olamine and controlled these impurities results excellent yields of active pharma ingredient of eltrombopag olamine
19 ref