037057   GOSWAMI K, SHUKLA P (Foods and Nutrition Dep, Govind Ballabh Pant Univ, Pantnagar U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand) : Field pea (Pisum sativum) varieties: Shelf life evaluation and product development. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2020, 9(1), 45-50.

Legumes are dicotyledonous seeds of plants that belong to the family Leguminosae. Field pea (Pisum sativum L.)-which is also known as common pea, dry pea, green pea (green seeded cultivars), yellow pea (yellow seeded cultivars), and garden pea-is a cool season crop, grown in the sub-tropics and at higher altitudes in the tropics. It is one of the four important cultivated legumes (others include soy-beans, groundnuts and dry-beans) in the world. Peas have long been recognised as an inexpensive, readily available source of protein, complex carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. The high nutrient density of peas makes them a valuable food commodity, capable of meeting the dietary needs of the estimated 800-900 million undernourished individuals worldwide. So keeping in view the benefits of field pea present study was undertaken for shelf life evaluation and product development from improved varieties of field pea. The improved varieties (Pant P-13, Pant P-14, Pant P-25, Pant P-42 and Pant P-74) were obtained from CRC (Crop Research Centre), Pantnagar. Bengal gram flour and other ingredients were procured from the local market of Pantnagar, US Nagar, Uttarakhand. Standard procedures were used for shelf life analysis and product development. Results of Storage study showed that with increase in storage period moisture content and total plate count increases. From sensory evaluation it was found that there was non-significant difference in organoleptic characteristics of control (Besan) and Pant Pea-13 flour Dhokla. Nutrient composition of Pant Pea-13 flour dhokla revealed that it contained higher amount of protein (20.43 %), carbohydrates (61.57 %) and iron (6.65mg/100g) content than that of control dhokla.

5 tables, 14 ref

037048   KAUR H, THAKKAR A, NAGPAL K (Amity Univ, Noida- 201 303, Email: kalpananagpal@gmail.com) : UV method development and validation of ellagic acid for its rapid quantitative estimation. J Pharm Technol Res Manag 2020, 7(1), 1-5.

Development and validation of a simple UV- Spectroscopy method was done for the quantitative analysis of Ellagic Acid (EA). The stock solution of 50μg/ml was prepared and scanned, for which absorption maxima was found to be 277nm. Further dilutions to different concentrations (1-5μg/ml) were prepared and analyzed at 277nm. The method so developed was validated as per ICHguidelines for: linearity, robustness, precision, accuracy, limit of detection and quantification. TheLambert- Beer’s law is followed in the range (1-5μg/ml) with correlation coefficient value 0.9994.It was observed that the method is precise and accurate for EA analysis with good recovery percent of 94.47 % to 106.83 %. The method developed was further employed for determining the entrapment efficiency of ellagic acid and its release from its nanoparticle dosage form. The method may be utilized for determining the concentration of EA when present as formulation and in combination with other drugs.

2 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

036513   BOUGUEMRA S, OUAFI S, BOUGUEDOURA N, CHABANE D (Sciences and Technology Univ, Algeria, Email: selmabouguemra@hotmail.fr) : Enhancing bioactive potential by growth regulators in callus of Mentha longifolia L. leaves for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Indian J Expl Biol 2020, 58(2), 122-30.

Mentha longifolia L., popularly known as Mint, is a medicinal herb against inflammation and analgesic pains caused by venom of snakes and scorpions. Its leaves are commonly used by nomads of Ahaggar to treat external wounds. Unfortunately, this medicinal plant is less accessible in its natural zone. Hence, here, we propose a biotechnological approach to induce callus yielding the same effects. Callus was induced from young leaves cultivated on modified Murashige and Skoog solid medium supplemented with 30 g L^-1 sucrose, 100 mg glutamine and growth regulators under dark conditions. Aqueous and C-glycoside extracts of plant and callus, respectively were prepared and analyzed by HPLC-DAD/LC-ESI-MS. The study of acute toxicity at 2000 mg kg^-1 followed by the anti-inflammatory activity assessment using carrageenan-induced paw edema and the analgesic activity of acetic acid induced writhing were performed on mice. Compared to the control, the trials showed 79 % higher rate of friable callus induced on 2,4-D and BAP. No mortality or signs of toxicity were observed in mice. Unexpected higher anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities by callus extracts can be attributed to their phenolic composition.

2 illus, 4 tables, 47 ref

035934   AGARWAL N, SINGH G, KUMBHAR B K (Food Science and Technology Dep, G.B Pant Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Uttarakhand, Email: 25nishaagarwal@gmail.com) : Modelling the Hydration kinetics of kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in sodium salts using Response surface methodology. J Appl Nat Sci 2020, 12(1), 42-52.

The present work investigated the effect of salt solutions of sodium chloride, and sodium bicarbonate on the water uptake by kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) at different temperatures (30, 45 and 60 0C). Thirty-five soaking solutions were prepared using NaCl and NaHCO₃ to find the optimum soaking treatment and time to maximise the hydration. Hydration kinetics of kidney beans was studied in different concentrations of the salt solutions and at different temperatures by the method of weight gain until equilibrium conditions were attained. Response surface methodology was used to design the experiments and to optimize the levels for minimum soaking time and to maximize the hydration. The soaking solutions affected the mass transfer in both seed coat and cotyledon, demonstrating changes on both proteins and polysaccharides.  Increasing the temperature from 30 to 60 0 C in sodium chloride solution and sodium bicarbonate solution (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 % concentration) decreased the soaking time from >225 min and 225 min to 82.5 min and 73.5 min respectively to achieve around 80 % hydration. Beans soaked in sodium bicarbonate solution exhibited higher hydration rates than in distilled water followed by sodium chloride solution at the same salt concentration. Soaking for about three hours at 300C resulted in maximum hydration. The optimum soaking treatment was found to be in a salt solution containing 1.10 % NaCl  and 0.92 % NaHCO₃ at 30 C which resulted in a soaking time of 193.45 min. This work demonstrated a simple and non-tedious approach for enhancing the hydration process of grains.

3 illus, 11 tables, 34 ref

035684   CHUKWUNOMSO J P, BEDE O E, NONYE A L (Animal Production Technology Dep, Federal Agriculture Coll, Ebonyi State, Nigeria) : Effect of diets with iron tree (Prosopis africana) pulp on performance and blood characteristics of growing rabbits. Asian J Animal Sci 2020, 14(2), 61-8.

 Animal protein tends to rank better than plant protein because of its  higher  essential amino acids. Some plant parts have been reported to have phytogenic and growth promoting properties. The study aimed to determine the influence of iron  tree  ( Prosopis  africana ) pulp containing diets on growth  indices, feed intake and blood characteristics  of rabbits. Twenty four male rabbits were used for this study. They were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups of 6 animals each. Each group was assigned to one of the experimental diets containing Prosopis africana  Pulp (PAP) at 0 % (control), 10, 20 and 30 % for 50 days in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Blood samples were obtained from each rabbit on the last day of the trial. Results: It was observed that PAP is abundant in phytochemicals. Body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were (p<0.05) best for rabbits on PAP containing diets. However, feed intake was best (p>0.05) for rabbits in the control group. Haemoglobin, red blood cells, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, lymphocytes and neutrophils showed significant (p<0.05) difference across the groups. Sodium, potassium and cholesterol showed significant (p<0.05) difference and tended to be higher in T1. The results indicated that PAP enhanced body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion. In addition, all the haematological and serum biochemical parameters examined fell within the normal physiological range indicating that the diets were not deleterious to the animals.
 

6 tables, 34 ref

026161   SHARMA S, KAMIL M (Petroleum Studies Dep, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh- 202 002, Email: sm_kamil@rediffmail.com) : Studies on the interaction between polymer and surfactant in aqueous solutions. Indian J Chem Technol 2018, 25(3), 294-9.

The interaction between cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and anionic sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) surfactants with polyethylene oxide (PEO) has been investigated using different techniques such as tensiometry, rheology and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The driving force responsible for the interaction is supposed to be the minimization of interfacial force between the non-polar polymer parts and the solvent water by association. It is observed that the critical micelle concentration (cmc) increases with the increase in temperature and the cmc of CTAB is smaller as compared to SDS. Viscosity increases with the increase in polymer concentration and is higher in case of anionics. Dense micellar arrangement is seen for cationics. The result shows that the interaction of cationic surfactant is much higher than the anionic surfactant with PEO.

5 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

026160   PINNA E G, BAROSA L I, SUAREZ D S, RODRIYUEZ M H (FCEN-UNCuyo-CONICET, CP- 5500, Argentina, Email: mrodriguez@uncu.edu.ar) : Kinetic study of the dissolution of metakaolin with hydrofluoric acid. Indian J Chem Technol 2018, 25(3), 287-93.

The kinetics mechanism on the dissolution of metakaolin by hydrofluoric acid has been studied. The effects of temperature, reaction time, and stirring speed have been examined. Experimental results show that reaction rate increases with both temperature and reaction time. The global process of metakaolin dissolution with HF is characterized with an apparent activation energy of 21.096 kcal/mol, which indicates that the reaction rate is mainly controlled by the chemical stage. Experimental data fitted the sequential nucleation and growth model.

6 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref

026159   MA Q, YAN J, LIU H, LI D, LIU Y, JIA Q, CHE Y, MENG F (Shandong Univ, Weihai- 264 209, China, Email: mengfj@sdu.edu.cn) : Tetraethylenepentamine-modified cellulose-graft-poly(methyl acrylate) applicable for Pb(II) adsorption from aqueous solution. Indian J Chem Technol 2018, 25(3), 274-80.

Tetraethylenepentamine-modified cellulose-graft-poly(methyl acrylate) (Cell-g-PMA-TEPA), a polyamino-functionalized adsorbent for Pb(II), has been prepared via graft polymerization of methyl acrylate (MA) from surface of microcrystalline cellulose and subsequent amidation with tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA). Influence of initial pH and contact time on adsorption has also been investigated. The adsorption kinetic could be best represented by pseudo-second-order model, while equilibrium data fits well with Langmuir isotherm model, from which maximum adsorption capacity could be derived as 444.4 mg g^-1. Further consecutive experiments indicate less than 10 % loss in equilibrium adsorption capacity after five adsorption-desorption cycles.

5 illus, 4 tables, 47 ref

026158   VIDHYA L, DHANDAPANI M, SHANTHI K, KAMALA-KANNAN S (Chemistry Dep, Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya Coll of Arts and Science, Coimbatore- 641 020, Tamil Nadu, Email: srmvdhandapani@gmail.com) : Removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution using coir pith biochar ? An eco- friendly approach. Indian J Chem Technol 2018, 25(3), 266-73.

Coir pith biochar obtained by pyrolysis process is used for Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution. The biochar has 0.27% moisture and 61.0% carbon contents. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of the coir pith biochar shows irregular plates with several developed mesopores over the surface. The coirpith sample optimized with different pH conditions, Cr(VI) concentration and adsorbent dosage. Under optimized condition of pH =7, concentration = 100 mgL^-1 and dosage 0.05g, the coir pith biochar removed 99.6% (100 mg L^-1) of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. The Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second order rate expression show satisfactory fit to the equilibrium adsorption data of coir pith biochar. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the coir pith biochar confirm the ionic interaction between Cr(VI) and surface functional groups. The results of the study indicate that coir pith biochar is a potential adsorbent for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution.

5 illus, 3 tables, 42 ref

026155   KHAN A M, NAZ S, AHMED M N, YASMEEN K (Chemistry Dep, Federal Urdu Univ of Arts, University Road, Karachi-75300, Pakistan, Email: dr.abdulmajeedkhan@fuuast.edu.pk) : Green and renewable electricity generation from wastewater inoculated with seaweeds extract using novel tool of bioreactors. Indian J Geo-Mar Sci 2018, 47(5), 1081-7.

This research article presents the production of biogas and conversion of biohydrogen to the electrical energy through the development of bioreactors using domestic wastewater supplemented with the extracts of seaweeds namely Melanothamnus afaqhusainii, Cystoseira indica and Sargassum tenerrimum as substrates. Biogas so produced by anaerobic digestion also contains biohydrogen which was converted to electricity by using bioreactors. Nickel coated zinc electrode was used to convert bio-H₂ to electricity through redox reactions. Power output was enhanced by the addition of the extracts of seaweeds and by introducing the air in to the cathodic chamber where oxygen reacted with the H⁺ to form H₂O. In addition, the maximum power output generated by series and parallel combinations of four units under the influence of air was found to be 7.70 mW (sufficient to turn on LED) and 3.83 mW respectively. Power output was found to be directly proportional to the total algal content, volume of biogas, COD, BOD and BOD₅.

8 illus, 3 tables, 24 ref

026167   MERAJIN M T, NASIRI M, ABEDINI E, SHARIFNIA S (Chemistry Dep, Malek-ashtar Univ of Technology, Iran, Email: nasiri@mut-es.ac.ir) : Performance of WO₃ nanoparticles in photocatalytic conversion of greenhouse gases under visible light irradiation. Indian J Chem Technol 2018, 25(2), 208-15.

The direct photoconversion of carbon dioxide and methane is investigated in an appropriate gas-phase batch reactor under visible light irradiation. WO₃ nanoparticles coated on stainless steel webnet have used as photocatalyst. WO₃ nanoparticles are synthesized and characterized by SEM, XRD, EDX, FTIR and UV- vis spectra analyses. SEM images indicate that WO₃ nanoparticles were well coated on the surface of the webnet. The XRD analysis confirm monoclinic structure and average particle size about 100 nm for the WO₃ nanoparticles. Also, the FTIR analysis exhibit the structure of tungsten oxide. The results of UV–vis show that the visible light absorbance spectrum of WO₃ are more efficient than TiO₂ and ZnO. The conversions of 28 % and 13.3 % for CO₂ and CH₄ has been found by WO₃ under visible light, respectively.

7 illus, 51 ref

026166   DAVE S, KUMBHAT S (Chemistry Dep, J N V Univ, Jodhpur - 342 033, Email: skumbhat@rediffmail.com) : Electrochemical and spectral characterization of silver nanoparticles synthesized employing root extract of Curculigo orchioides. Indian J Chem Technol 2018, 25(2), 201-7.

A facile eco-friendly approach is employed to prepare silver nanoparticles, using root extract of Curculigo orchioides (family Hypoxidaceae). The aqueous solution of silver ions in contact with root extract of Curculigo orchioides are reduced to zero valent silver and eventually stabilized as silver nanoparticles. An electrochemical approach has been presented to characterise conversion of silver ions into metallic silver in solution. A significant change in cyclic voltammetric characteristics has been observed to mark the transition of metal ion from higher oxidation state to stabilized silver in zero oxidation state. UV-Vis, FTIR, and X-ray diffraction analyses and atomic force microscopy supports the formation of spherical silver nanoparticles within 40 min of reaction time at room temperature.

6 illus, 2 tables, 52 ref

026165   ARIHARAN A, VISWANATHAN B (Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai - 600 036, Email: bvnathan@iitm.ac.in) : Porous activated carbon material derived from sustainable bio-resource of peanut shell for H₂ and CO₂ storage applications. Indian J Chem Technol 2018, 25(2), 140-9.

Porous activated carbon materials have numerous properties for use in energy storage applications as in adsorbent materials for solid state H₂ and CO₂ storage. In this work, the synthesis of activated porous carbon material derived from the sustainable source of peanut shell (Arachis hypogaea) is described by carbonization and activation processes using KOH as activating agent. The peanut shell derived porous activated carbon material denoted as (PDPAC), shows spherical and sheet like morphology with specific surface area of 1726 m²/g. Interestingly, this peanut derived porous activated carbon material exhibit hydrogen storage capacity of ~1.2 wt % at 298 K and 100 bar pressure. However, the CO₂ storage capacity of 3.5 mmol CO₂ g^-1 at 298 K and 1.0 bar pressure is achieved. Furthermore, this paper presents the state-of-the-art on the synthesis of activated porous carbon materials with maximization of porosity, the use of cheap biomass waste derived precursors and tailoring of their textural properties.

6 illus, 1 table, 53 ref

026164   ACHARI V S, THOMAS M, JAYASREE S, RAJALAKSHMI A S, LOPEZ R M, RAVINDRAN B (Cochin Univ of Science and Technology, Kochi - 682 022, Email: vsachari@gmail.com) : John isotherm for the characterisation of microporous carbons: A comparative evaluation of adsorption phenomena. Indian J Chem Technol 2018, 25(2), 123-39.

John (J) isotherm model stated as log log P = C + n logV, for solid-gas equilibrium, is a unique contribution from India for the study of porous materials. These isotherms are generally characterised by different phases of adsorption marked by a sudden change in slope and sharp kinks in isotherm plots of loglog P versus log V. John isotherm is otherwise known as thephase change method. The isotherm model envisages the degree of porosity, by which the categorisation of porous materialscould be done. The volume adsorbed, V(J) corresponding to saturation pressure Ps is taken as the limiting micropore volume (LMV) or John adsorption capacity. The adsorption behaviour of some known microporous carbons has been analysed using John isotherm. John isotherm along with five other isotherm models, Freundlich, Langmuir, D-R, BET and I plot methods are studied, constants and parameters are compared. There are three carbons, namely GC, its hydrogen treated form H2TGC and the nitric acid treated prodigy NITGC, whose isotherm data available is used to plot John isotherms to report the merits of the isotherm method. The results reveal that John isotherm model give excellent fit to the reported experimental data and provide precise information about the funcional mechanism of adsorption. The study aims to establish the application of John isotherm as a simple empirical isotherm model for characterising the microporosity of carbon materials over a wide range of concentration and relative pressure. The main purpose of this research paper is to reaffirm the application of John isotherm for its universal acceptance to study materials of microporous nature.

14 illus, 6 tables, 47 ref

026163   MEENAKSHI K, SALUNKHE P, INDU A G (Life Sciences Dep, Kalina Campus, Mumbai, Email: indu66@yahoo.com) : Effect of silver nanoparticles synthesized using aqueous leaf extract of Amherstia nobilis on marine biofilms. Plant Arch 2018, 18(1), 251-6.

The present study emphasized the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (SNP) from silver nitrate through bioreduction method using Amherstia nobilis leaf extract and evaluation of anti-marine biofilm activity of the synthesized particles. The phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles was demonstrated firstly by visual observation and then by spectral methods : UV Visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Dynamic Light Scattering technique (DLS). The Energy dispersive X-ray spectrum of the colloidal solution confirmed the presence of an elemental silver signal. Transmission Electron Microscopy analysis revealed that the nanoparticles were mostly spherical in shape and the particle size ranges from 3.74 nm to 40.43 nm. The stability of the silver nanoparticles was checked by ξ-potential measurements. It is found that silver nanoparticles synthesized by aqueous leaf extract of A. nobilis were effective against biofilm formation of microbes such as marine B. subtilis and marine E. coli.

8 illus, 2 tables, 26 ref

026154   GOSWAMI N, GOGOI P K, SAHA U, BHATTACHARYYA M K, CHETIA T R (Chemistry Dep, Sibsagar Coll, Sivasagar-785 640, Email: nandita_10@rediffmail.com) : Synthesis, crystal structure and application of new Cobalt(II) complex [Co(bpy)₂NO₃]?NO₃?5H₂O as sensitizer in dye-sensitized solar cells. Asian J Chem 2018, 30(3), 679-83.

In this work, the synthesis and X-ray crystallographic study of a new cobalt(II) coordination complex with 2,2'- bipyridine (bpy) and nitrate ions as the ligands are reported. The complex is characterized by single crystal XRD, elemental analyses, FTIR and UV-visible spectroscopic techniques and the results shows that it may be used as a potential sensitizer in dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Single crystal XRD analysis revealed that crystal structure is stabilized by both intra-molecular and inter-molecular hydrogen bonding in the complex involving the coordinated nitrate ion and water molecules. Photovoltaic performance of the complex was also evaluated by fabricating a proto type cell.

10 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

026153   DAS P J, DAS J, DAS D (Chemistry Dep, Gauhati Univ, Guwahati- 781 014, Email: pranabjdas52@gmail.com) : An efficient conversion of alcohols to alkyl bromides using pyridinium based ionic liquids: A green alternative to appel reaction. Asian J Chem 2018, 30(3), 651-4.

Pyridinium based ionic liquids namely 4-alkylpyridinium bromides were prepared and used for the conversion of alcohols to alkyl bromides in the presence of p-toluenesulphonic acid in the absence of volatile organic compounds. This solvent free procedure promises to be a much improved and environmentally benign alternative to the Appel reaction.

1 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

026152   REDA S M, AL-GHANNAM S M, EL-RAHMAN S N A (Chemistry Dep, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia, Email: soheirkenawy@yahoo.com) : Effect of source of silica on properties of Fe₂O₃/SiO₂ nanocompsites and their application on hepatic injury in rats as adsorbents for removal of heavy metal from drinking water. Asian J Chem 2018, 30(3), 625-32.

A series of iron oxide silica composites (70/30, 50/50 and 30/70) were prepared using rice hull silica gel as natural silica and TEOS. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectra, BET measurement and SEM. The results show that the particle size is dependent synthesis conditions. BET measurement showed that the values of surface area of the samples are on the range of (320-43 m²/g) and increase with increasing the iron content. The results showed that the surface area of composites prepared from nature silica is lower than that prepared from TEOS. This result was explained on the basis of particle size effect. SEM showed that the size and homogeneity of particles are independent on the Fe₂O₃ content. Additionally, the effect of drinking water heavy metals (DWHM: Pb, Hg, Ni, Fe and Mg) and DWHM purified with nature silica and TEOS (0.05 and 1.0 g/L.W) on liver injury was evaluated in male rats, as manifested by changes in the activities of certain serum enzymes, such as Fasting blood sugar (FBS), TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG, ALT and AST were determined as markers of liver disease. In addition, ALP, g-glutamyltransferase (GGT), LDH and CK were also determined in male rats. The results showed significantly (p £ 0.05) deceased in serum TC, TG, LDL, AST, ALT, ALP, FBS and LDH in male rats administration of DWHM purified with nature silica and TEOS (0.05 and 1.0 g/L.W) compared to rats administration of DWHM (PC). On the other hand, HDL and CK were increased significantly (p £ 0.05) compared to PC. All these results were accompanied by histological observations in liver. The results demonstrate that nature silica has a beneficial effect in DWHM purification than TEOS.

7 illus, 4 tables, 64 ref

026151   MURUGAIYAN V, SEHAR T, SELVARAJ S, SELVARAJ P K (Chemistry Dep, Government Arts Coll for Men (Autonomous), Chennai- 600 035, Email: pethkams64@gmail.com) : Complete reduction of hazardous Cr(VI) in chromium ore processing residue dump site. Asian J Chem 2018, 30(3), 620-4.

This paper discusses the remediation of hexavalent chromium in the contaminated groundwater at laboratory scale. For simulated chromium water, different concentrations of sodium dithionite have been used to optimize the pH, dosage and time. Trials have been extended to chromium contaminated groundwater. The results are compared. An optimum condition for removal of hexavalent chromium is proposed. The treated groundwater is examined for various discharge standards of regulatory level. Reduction in concentration of hexavalent chromium, total chromium, chloride, sulphate, BOD, COD load and metals have been taken as the benchmark for efficacy of the process adopted. Direct application of sodium dithionite in this treatment indicates that the concentration of Cr(VI) can be successfully reduced to zero level concentration within 30 min, at pH 2.5 and its reduced form Cr(III) can be precipitated at pH 9. It is suggested to adopt, pump and treat method for restoration of groundwater.

3 illus, 4 tables, 29 ref

026150   BIYOUKI A Y, NOROOZIFAR M, FARAZMAND A, ASSADI M M (Chemistry Dep, Sistan and Baluchestan Univ, P.O. Box 98135-674, Zahedan, Iran, Email: yazdani@pgs.usb.ac.ir) : Biodegradation of coloured textile industrial wastewater using Chlorella vulgaris. Asian J Chem 2018, 30(3), 575-8.

The main objective of this study is to reduce the pollutants by cultivating Chlorella vulgaris microalga in textile industrial wastewater that leads to remove up more than 80 % colour. This microorganism has the ability to reduce COD, total solids as pollutants to 55 % and remove TOC (61.98 %), NO₂-N (76.47 %), NO₃-N (92.59 %), NH₄-N (63.88 %) and PO₄-P (58.69 %). The present study showed the acceptable combination of biomass productivity content in indoor conditions by biodegradation of textile industrial wastewater as a culture medium.

2 illus, 3 tables, 31 ref

026149   MUHAMMAD A, ABBAS S, SHAFEEQ A, AL-TURAIF H, TAIMOOR A A, ALI A M, DESHANNAVAR U B (Chemical Engineering Dep, KLE Dr. M.S. Sheshgiri Coll of Engineering and Technology, Belgaum-590 008, Email: deshannavar@gmail.com) : Synthesis and characterization of pentaerythritol phthalic anhydride resin from soybean oil. Asian J Chem 2018, 30(3), 572-4.

Alkyd resins, a type of polyesters obtained through esterification of a polybasic acid and polyhydric alcohol (e.g., pthalic anhydride and pentaerythritol). This study aimed to synthesize and characterize pentaerythritol phthalic anhydride resin by using soybean oil, pentaery-thritol, phthalic anhydride and litharge (PbO) catalyst through alcoholysis method. FTIR and DS/TGA were used to characterize the freshly obtained pentaerythritol phthalic anhydride resin. Based on results, acid value 7.9 mgKOH/g is beneficial for the quality synthesis of pentaerythritol phthalic anhydride resin having high thermal stability even upto T_max = 670 º C.

3 illus, 3 tables, 14 ref

026148   HANAFI, FOLIATINI, SETYAWATI S R, ROCHAENI H (Chemical Analysis Dep, Polytechnic of AKA Bogor, Bogor 16158, Indonesia, Email: foliatini@gmail.com) : Biodegradable poly(lactic acid) based food packaging incorporated with antioxidant from extract of several plants. Asian J Chem 2018, 30(3), 541-5.

The demand for smart biodegradable food packaging is increasing due to its capability to preserve food product and maintain food stability. Natural antioxidant food packaging based on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) can be synthesized by addition of certain extract of plant into the polymer matrix. In this study, we develop PLA-based antioxidant food packaging modified with extract of turmeric, mangosteen skin and soursop leaves. The as-obtained film were characterized by several thermal and mechanical assessment, antioxidant assay and applied for packaging of orange fruit. The results showed that the PLA based food packaging incorporated with extract of turmeric, mangosteen skin and soursop leaves have antioxidant activity with IC₅₀ of 0.83-2.11 %, 0.24-0.30 %, 1.89-4.33 %, respectively. The peaks from FTIR spectra indicated integration of the antioxidant aromatic compound into the polymer matrix. The tensile strength and percentage of elongation of these films were in the range of 12.5-27.83 MPa and 4.00-11.67 %, respectively. DSC curves and XRD diffractogram of these films revealed that these films were semicrystalline. These films have been proved to be an antioxidant food packaging which retarded the rate of decay of orange fruit.

5 illus, 5 tables, 20 ref

026147   VIVEKANANDHAN S C, CHANDRAMOHAN M, SELVAM P (Medicine Dep, Kalasalingam Univ, Krishnankoil-626 126, Email: selvaamin@gmail.com) : Design, synthesis and characterization of biogenic chloroquine silver nanoparticles as potential anticancer agent against neuroblastoma cells. Asian J Chem 2018, 30(3), 537-40.

Chloroquine (4-aminoquinoline derivative) an old antimalarial drug is a versatile bioactive agent and reported to have board spectrum of activity including anticancer and antiviral activity and firmly repositioned in these latter indications. In literature report of chloroquine retinopathy upto 0.5 % was noted to circumvent this toxicity and increase the efficacy of the drug. We ventured to develop a novel approach of the green synthesis of chloroquine silver nanoparticles and anticancer activity of the same was tested by MTT against Neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Yc) and cytotoxicity was also investigated against normal Vero cells by MTT assay. We prepared chloroquine silver nanoparticles by an ecofriendly method and was characterized using FT-IR, UV-visible, SEM and PXRD techniques. Anticancer activity of chloroquine silver nanoparticles was tested against Neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Yc) by MTT assay and cytotoxicity in vero cells. The UV-visible spectrum for prepared silver nanoparticles shows sharp peak at 434 nm confirms the presence of silver nanoparticles. SEM analysis showed that the nanoparticles are spherical in shape and average size of the particles are 254 nm. Powder XRD studies, 2q value (220), (111), (211) confirms that the biosynthesized nanoparticles are in crystalline nature. The prepared chloroquine silver nanoparticles showed significant anticancer activity against Neuroblastoma cells by MTT assay with inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of 33.79 μg/mL, where as cytotoxicity (CC₅₀) of chloroquine silver nanoparticles in Vero cells was found to be 173.79 μg/mL.

7 illus, 23 ref

026146   ANJANI, WATI M, KHABIRUDDIN M (Chemistry and Biochemistry Dep, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: anjali.roshni5@gmail.com) : Effect of acetone extract of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) meal on stability of crude and refined soybean oil. Asian J Chem 2018, 30(3), 533-6.

The antioxidative effect of acetone extracts of sesame and sunflower meal on stability of crude and refined soybean oil (C&RSO) stored for 120 days at 50 ºC was determined by monitoring the free fatty acid, p-anisidine value and peroxide value. The oil was dosed with different concentrations (500, 1000 and 2000 ppm) of the extracts and tert-butylated hydroxyquinone and propyl gallate (conc. of both 200 ppm). Free fatty acid, p-anisidine value and peroxide value of crude and refined soybean oil containing sesame and sunflower meal extract were lower than crude and refined soybean oil containing no additive. However, refined soybean oil had much higher free fatty acid, p-anisidine value and peroxide value than crude soybean oil because some natural antioxidants such as carotene, tocopherol lost during refining. The sesame and sunflower extract have better antioxidant activity than propyl gallate but less than tert-butylated hydroxyquinone. Results suggest that sesame and sunflower meal extract could be used as alternative natural antioxidants with wide food applications.

6 illus, 22 ref

026145   SIVAKUMAR P R, SRIKANTH A P (Chemistry Dep, Government Arts Coll, Coimbatore-641 018, Email: apsrikanth8@gmail.com) : Gloriosa superba Linn. extract as eco-friendly inhibitor for mild steel in acid medium: A comparative study. Asian J Chem 2018, 30(3), 513-9.

The comparative studies of various parts of the plant Gloriosa superba Linn. extract (leaves, flowers, stems, tubers) were carried out to investigate the corrosion protection efficiency on the corrosion of mild steel in 1 N HCl medium by using mass loss method, polarization measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy at room temperature. Polarization measurements showed that the studied extract acts as mixed type inhibitor with significant reduction of cathodic and anodic current densities. Organic moieties present in the extract are found responsible for effective performance of inhibitor which is well supported by FTIR studies. On comparison, optimum inhibition efficiency was found in Gloriosa superba Linn. stem extracts with 99.80 % at 15 ppm concentration. The nature of protective film formed on the mild steel surface has been confirmed by SEM analysis. The surface coverage values fits well to the Temkin adsorption isotherm.

7 illus, 6 tables, 59 ref

026144   NGUYEN D C T, OH D-H, OH W-C (Advanced Materials Science & Engineering Dep, Hanseo Univ, Chungnam 356-706, Republic of Korea, Email: wc_oh@hanseo.ac.kr) : Immobilization of Bi₂O₃ particles on activated carbon fiber and its photodegradation performance for pollutant dyes. Asian J Chem 2018, 30(3), 491-8.

A combination of activated carbon fiber and bismuth oxide (Bi₂O₃) was prepared using a facile, one-step hydrothermal method. The resulting photocatalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, FT-IR spectra and BET method. UV-spectrophotometry was employed to measure the decrease in the concentration of rhodamine B, methylene blue trihydrate and reactive black B dyes in an aqueous solution after degradation with the photocatalysts under irradiation with visible light. The results contributes a new material to photocatalytic activity.

9 illus, 2 tables, 37 ref

026143   KUMAR H, YADAV V (Chemistry Dep, Ch. Devi Lal Univ, Sirsa-125 055, Email: harimoudgil1@gmail.com) : Aloe vera L. as green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 5.0 m hydrochloric acid solution. Asian J Chem 2018, 30(3), 474-8.

The leaf gel of Aloe vera L. was examined for its anti-corrosion properties for mild steel in 5.0 M hydrochloric acid as corroding solution by using different techniques like weight loss, gasometric, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. Aloe vera L. extract is selected for this study in view of its rich source of organic molecules. The percentage corrosion inhibition efficiency (PCIE) is found to increase with increase in concentration of Aloe vera L. i.e. from 0.1 to 4.0 g/L. Electrochemical experiments confirms that Aloe vera L. acts as a mixed-type green corrosion inhibitor. The activation parameters obtained from corrosion experiments showed that the inhibitor is adsorbed by both physisorption and chemisorption method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and trinocular inverted metallurgical research microscopy study confirms the physisorption adsorption of Aloe vera L. molecules on the surface of mild steel. 97 % corrosion inhibition efficiency was shown by 4 g/L of Aloe vera L. in 5 M HCl solution for mild steel.

3 illus, 5 tables, 20 ref

026162   ULLAS A V, SHARMA P K, CHANDEL P, SHARMA P, KUMAR D, KUMAR D, ROY P K (DRDO-Centre for Fire, Explosive and Environment Safety, Delhi -110 054, Email: pk_roy2000@yahoo.com) : Epoxy-glass microballoon syntactic foams for blast mitigating applications. Def Sci J 2018, 68(2), 210-7.

Polymeric syntactic foams refer to a class of cellular material created using preformed hollow spheres bound together with a polymeric matrix. These cellular materials possess exceptional ability to respond against high impact dynamic loads. This paper is an attempt to fabricate polymeric syntactic foams of epoxy containing hollow glass microballoon at varying loading (40 % - 60 %) and explore their potential towards blast mitigation. The tensile, compressive and flexural strength were found to be inversely proportional to the microballoon loading in the quasistatic regime. The strain rate sensitivity of the foams was confirmed by performing high strain rate studies using split hopkinson pressure bar. The flow stress of these foams was found to increase with increasing strain rates. The syntactic foams were subjected to controlled transient blast loadings using a shock tube. The samples remained intact and no strain was observed on the strain gauge, even under a blast load of ~ 90 psi, which clearly highlight their potential as core materials for blast mitigating applications.

8 illus, 2 tables, 28 ref

026157   KUMAR A, MAJUMDAR R S, DHEWA T (School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda Univ, Greater Noida- 201 306, Email: rita.singh@sharda.ac.in) : In vitro efficacy of biosynthesized AgNPs against Streptococcus mutans causing dental plaque formation. J Sci Ind Res 2018, 77(3), 225-8.

Nanoparticles have been suggested as useful antibacterial and anti-plaque solutions for patients with dental caries. The purpose of this study was to compare the antimicrobial and antiplaque effects of silver nanoparticles synthesized by using Viola serpens plant. Furthermore, oral cavities are inhabited by both commensal and pathogenic bacterial species. In some conditions bacteria belonging to the indigenous or resident oral microorganisms can lead to infectious dental diseases. The total 40 samples were collected analyzed for the prevalence of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in dental plaque. Total recovered isolates were 32 out of which 18 S. mutans were isolated, and the prevalence of recovered isolates was found to be 45 %. In the present investigation, the evaluation of efficacy of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles against recovered isolates was performed using agar well diffusion method and were found to be moderately effective against the three strains of S. mutans in comparison to reference drug.

3 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

026156   ONUEGBU C U, AGGARWAL A, SINGH N B (Sharda Univ, Greater Noida, Email: nbsingh43@gmail.com) : ZnO nanoparticles as feed supplement on growth performance of cultured African catfish fingerlings. J Sci Ind Res 2018, 77(3), 213-8.

An experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) (T₁) and macro zinc oxide (ZnO) (T₂) as feed additives against basal diet (control), on the growth performance, blood parameters and carcass quality of African catfish. nZnO was synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopic techniques. Different levels (0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 g Kg^-1) of each of the treatments (T₁ and T₂) were supplemented to a basal fish feed and, together with the control, fed to different groups of the fingerlings for a period of 7 weeks. Fish fed control diet (C) showed significantly (p < 0.05) lower percent weight gain compared to those fed T₁ and T₂ diets at the end of the experimental period. T₁ showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher performance as compared to T₂. Protein content was significantly higher in control diet fed fish compared to those fed T₁ and T₂ diets, and significantly higher in fish fed T₂ compared to those fed T₁diets. Fat content in fish followed the dietary sequence T₁ < T₂ < Control. Hematological parameters (RBCs, WBCs, Hb and Hct) increased significantly in the order Control < T₁ < T₂. Nano form of zinc oxide was found to be a better form of dietary zinc supplement than bulk zinc oxide

4 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

026142   AMIRSOLEIMANI M, KHALILZADEH M A, SADEGHIFAR F, SADEGHIFAR H (Wood and Paper Science Dep, Islamic Azad Univ, Sari, Iran, Email: hsadegh@ncsu.edu) : Surface modification of nanosatrch using nano silver: a potential antibacterial for food package coating. J Food Sci Technol 2018, 55(3), 899-904.

Starch nanocrystal was prepared using weak sulfuric acid hydrolysis at 40 °C. Transmission electron micrographs of dilute suspensions of starch nanocrystals showed round particles with a diameter ranging from 20 to 40 nm. SEM of freeze dried samples showed separated particles between 40 and 100 nm and confirmed production of starch nano particles. XRD patterns obtained for the prepared nanostarch and raw starch sample showed no special pattern of crystallinity for starch sample. Extracted nanostarch showed pattern of crystallinity with the peaks at Bragg angles (2θ) at about 15° and 23°, and a doublet at 17° and 18°. The crystalline structure of prepared sample was A-type. FTIR spectra confirmed the particles oxidation. Nano silver particle was precipitated on the starch nano particle. UV spectra confirmed the presence of silver particle on the starch particles. Inhibitions tests of nanostarch bearing nano silver on three types of bacteria was investigated. The inhibition test results were 25 µg/mL for S. aureus, and S. typhi, and 12.5 µg/mL for E. coli.

6 illus, 21 ref

024900   NETO J B S, CARVALHO E F U D, GARCIA R H L, SILVA A M S, RIELLA H G, DURAZZO M (Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Email: mdurazzo@ipen.br) : Production of uranium tetrafluoride from the effluent generated in the reconversion via ammonium uranyl carbonate. Nucl Eng Technol 2017, 49(8), 1711- 6.

Uranium tetrafluoride (UF₄) is the most used nuclear material for producing metallic uranium by reduction with Ca or Mg. Metallic uranium is a raw material for the manufacture of uranium silicide, U₃Si₂, which is the most suitable uranium compound for use as nuclear fuel for research reactors. By contrast, ammonium uranyl carbonate is a traditional uranium compound used for manufacturing uranium dioxide UO₂ fuel for nuclear power reactors or U₃O₈-Al dispersion fuel for nuclear research reactors. This work describes a procedure for recovering uranium and ammonium fluoride (NH₄F) from a liquid residue generated during the production routine of ammonium uranyl carbonate, ending with UF₄ as a final product. The residue, consisting of a solution containing high concentrations of ammonium (NH₄⁺), fluoride (F¯), and carbonate (CO₃^2-), has significant concentrations of uranium as UO₂²⁺. From this residue, the proposed procedure consists of precipitating ammonium peroxide fluorouranate (APOFU) and NH₄F, while recovering the major part of uranium. Further, the remaining solution is concentrated by heating, and ammonium bifluoride (NH₄HF₂) is precipitated. As a final step, NH₄HF₂ is added to UO₂, inducing fluoridation and decomposition, resulting in UF₄ with adequate properties for metallic uranium manufacture.

8 illus, 3 tables, 26 ref

024899   HERMAN A, EKBERG C (Chemistry Dep, Chalmers Univ of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden, Email: aneta@chalmers.se) : A uranium nitride doped with chromium, nickel or aluminum as an accident tolerant fuel. J Mater Sci 2017, 5(4), 83-99.

Uranium nitride (UN) is a possible accident tolerant fuel candidate for light water reactors. Apart from advantages in high metal density and high thermal conductivity, it suffers from low stability in water. We have suggested exploiting metal inclusions to enhance its stability in water by forming a protective layer. A uranium nitride doped with chromium (Cr 2.7 wt%), nickel (Ni 2.8 wt%) or aluminum (Al 1.5 wt%) was prepared by internal sol gel and carbothermal reduction. An electron dispersive spectroscopy revealed a homogeneous distribution of metals in all sol-gel products. The carbothermal reduction was performed in the N₂+5%H₂ mixture at 1500°C for 6 hours. X-ray diffraction confirmed UN phase formation in the samples. Pellets were manufactured by sintering in argon at 1800°C for 6 hours. During the sintering, a majority of the chromium evaporated from a surface, nickel moved towards the grain boundaries and aluminum formed an agglomerate on the rim of a pellet. Finally, the pellets were boiled in water at normal pressure. A reference pellet of pure UN utterly collapsed after 2 hours of boiling. Both nickel and aluminum doped pellets disintegrated within a couple of minutes. The chromium doped pellet did not collapse during 5 hours of boiling. This indicated a clear improvement in corrosion resistance of the uranium nitride based material.

27 illus, 3 tables, 47 ref

024898   CHATTERJEE S, ANITA J, SUBRAMANIAN A, SUBRAMANIAN S (VIT Univ, Vellore- 643 014, Email: sangeethasubramanian@vit.ac.in) : Synthesis and characterization of manganese dioxide using Brassica oleracea (cabbage). J Ind Pollut Control 2017, 33(2), 1627- 32.

Current research is focused on synthesis of sustainable and environment friendly process of particles for effluent treatment applications. To further enhance the prospects of eco-friendly approach, the current study is dedicated to the green synthesis of Manganese dioxide microparticles that has a wide range of applications from waste water treatment, heavy metal remediation to electronic applications. A procedure to obtain the Manganese dioxide particles from Brassica oleracea (cabbage) leaves has been devised. Effect of initial KMnO4 concentration, amount of Brassica oleracea (cabbage) leaves extract, pH and temperature of the solution was evaluated. The obtained Manganese oxide particles were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The particle size was found to be in the range of 10-20 μm with 15.98% Manganese content. The X-ray diffraction revealed the presence of tetragonal MnO2 crystals (Pyrolusite) and the sample peaks on the diffraction graph coincided with the peaks for Manganese (IV) oxide.

5 illus, 1 table, 28 ref

024897   POLITAEVA N, BAZARNOVA Y, SMYATSKAYA Y, SLUGIN V, PROKHOROV V (Saint Petersburg State Polytechnical Univ, Russia, Email: conata07@list.ru) : Impact of carbon dopants on sorption properties of chitosan-based materials. J Ind Pollut Control 2017, 33(2), 1617- 21.

This paper presents several carbon materials (graphene, thermally expanded graphite, fullerenes, fullerene black), which are widely used in various areas of science and technology. Carbon materials are extensively used for water purification. Here we describe graphene-based nanocomposites which are used for sorption of heavy metals from water and for sorption of tetracycline from human body. We also describe composite materials based on thermally expanded graphite, which are highly effective for water purification from heavy metal ions and oil products. We provide examples of shungite with fullerenes usage for water purification and disinfection. We created sorption materials in the form of granules which consist of chitosan and carbon dopants. Carbonized millet threshing waste and fullerene black were used as carbon dopants. It was shown, that 10% additive of fullerene black increases mechanical integrity of the obtained granules and possesses almost the same properties as activated carbon of different grades. The following properties of the obtained sorption materials were determined experimentally: efficiency of model waste water purification from iron (III) cations; sorption capacity for iodine and methylene blue. It was shown, that carbon dopants (carbonized millet threshing waste and fullerene black) possess hydrophobic properties.

1 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

024896   PATEL S, MAURYA R, SOLANKI H (Botany Dep, Gujarat Univ, Ahmedabad, Email: swetapatel93.sp@gmail.com) : Phytoremediation of treated industrial effluent collected from Ahmedabad mega pipe line. J Ind Pollut Control 2017, 33(2), 1202- 8.

Present paper deals with phytoremediation ability of Pistia stratiotes L. Accumulation ability of Pistia stratiotes L. has been used to remediate treated industrial effluent collected from Ahmedabad mega pipe line. Industrial effluents released by Ahmedabad GIDC cluster are treated at central effluent treatment plant (CEPTs). Treated effluents are released into Sabarmati River through mega pipe line. Study reveals decrease in turbidity, chloride content, calcium hardness, acidity, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand due to remediation property of Pistia. Study also adds growth rate of Pistia in effluent of Ahmedabad mega pipe line.

14 illus, 18 ref

024895   SHARATH D, EZANA J, SHAMIL Z (Chemical Engineering Dep, Wolkite Univ, Wolkite - 07, Ethiopia, Email: daidasharath@gmail.com) : Production of activated carbon from solid waste rice peel (husk) using chemical activation. J Ind Pollut Control 2017, 33(2), 1132- 9.

Activated Carbon is an essential substance for many industrial activities. For instance, bleaching agent (in sugar factory) and for water filtration. Most of the Activated Carbon for industrial activities is being imported from other countries. However, there is no sufficient amount of production to satisfy the need in our country and the demand for Activated Carbon in the market is high. So, to satisfy the demand the Activated Carbon is being produced using solid waste Rice Husk. The purpose of this project is the preparation of Activated Carbon using a suitable rice husk. The Activated Carbon produced from Pyrolysis of rice husk was chemically activated with activating agent sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The chemically activated carbons were characterized by measuring yield percentage and bulk densities. The activated carbon produced from rice husk at different activating temperature of 650ºC, 700ºC and 800ºC exhibit a yield percentage of 48.2%, 47.65% and 45.95% respectively and corresponding bulk densities were 0.2 g/ml, 0.16 g/ml and 0.117 g/ml respectively. Proximate analysis also performed for precursor selection to choose the appropriate precursor. The quality of activated carbon is highly proportional to the dehydration rate of the sample and also on the process of removal of the volatile substances present in the precursor. According to proximate analysis, rice husk has a volatile matter of 68.06%, ash content 0.952%, fixed carbon content 20.988% and moisture content of 10%. This contributes to a total volatile content (easily escapable components) of about 68.06%. The proximate analysis of rice husk also reveals that the selected rice husk has good carbon content which is 20.988%. Therefore, proximate analysis served as an evidence for choosing rice husk as the precursor. Finally, a preliminary material and energy balance on pyrolysis or carbonization was performed.

5 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

024894   TEIXEIRA G H D A, SANTOS L O, JUNIOR L C C, DURIGAN J F (de Produccao Vegetal Dep, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Brazil, Email: gustavo@fcav.unesp.br) : Effect of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and oxygen (O₂) levels on quality of ?Palmer? mangoes under controlled atmosphere storage. J Food Sci Technol 2018, 55(1), 145- 56.

With the objective to evaluate the modifications in the fruit quality, ‘Palmer’ mangoes were stored at 12.8 °C for 30 days in controlled atmosphere storage that contained a low level of oxygen (5 kPa) which was associated with increasing levels of carbon dioxide CO₂ (0, 1 ,5 , 10, 15 and 20 kPa CO₂). Controlled atmosphere storage did not effect mango respiration. However, transfer man-goes, that were previously stored at high levels of CO₂ (5 kPa O₂ + 15 kPa CO₂ and 5 kPa O₂ + 20 kPa CO₂) to ambient temperature presented higher respiratory rates. No significant effects of increasing CO₂ levels on color (L*, chromaticity, and hue angle), firmness, physical–chemical parameter and carbohydrate metabolism (total and reducing sugars, soluble pectin) were observed. After transfer to ambient temperature the mangoes ripened normally with-out any signs of CO₂ injury. Therefore, the increment levels of CO₂ neither improved the quality of the ‘Palmer’ mangoes nor presented a synergistic effect with low-oxygen when compared to 5 kPa O₂-control.

2 illus, 5 tables, 33 ref

024893   KUMAR M, SARMA P, DKHAR M S, KAYANG H, RAGHUWANSHI R, DUBEY N K (Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi- 221 005, Email: nkdubeybhu@gmail.com) : Assessment of chemically characterised Gaultheria fragrantissima Wall. essential oil and its major component as safe plant based preservative for millets against fungal, aflatoxin contamination and lipid peroxidation during storage. J Food Sci Technol 2018, 55(1), 111- 9.

The present study aims survey of fungi causing deterioration of millets during storage, detection of aflatoxigenic fungal strains ans assessment of chemically characterized Gaultheria fragrantissiuma Wall essential oil (EO) and its major component methyl salicylate (MS) as plant based preservative. Essential oil (EO) and its major component methyl salicylate (MS) as plant based preservative was evaluated. In this study a total of 13 fungal species along with toxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus were isolated from the millets. Chemical characterization of G. fragrantissima EO through GC–MS analysis revealed Methyl salicylate (98.04%) as major component. The EO significantly inhibited growth and aflatoxin B₁ production by toxigenic strain of A. flavus LHP (B)-7 at 1.0 and 0.7 µl ml^-1 respectively. In addition, EO exhibited remarkable antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ 7.5 µl ml^-1). EO and MS showed non phytotoxic nature on germination of millets. The LD₅₀ of the EO was 3833.33 µl kg^-1 for mice showing favourable safety profile. In view of side effects of synthetic preservatives, the study recommends G. fragrantissima EO as a safe plant based preservative to enhance shelf-life of food commodities during storage.

1 illus, 4 tables, 38 ref

024892   OLIVEIRA E R, CALIARI M, JUNIOR M S S, OLIVEIRA A R, DUARTE R C M, BOAS E V D B V (Food Engineering Dep, Federal Univ of Goias, Brazil, Email: erica_le@hotmail.com) : Assessment of chemical and sensory quality of sugarcane alcoholic fermented beverage. J Food Sci Technol 2018, 55(1), 72- 81.

This study aimed to verify the technological feasibility, chemical quality and sensory acceptance of alcoholic fermented beverage obtained from sugarcane juice. A completely randomized design was applied. Sugar and alcohol content, phenolic (HPLC–MS) and volatile (GS–MS) compounds, pH, density, dry matter and acidity of the fermented beverage of sugarcane were quantified, as well as the acceptance of the product was carried out. The complete fermentation of sugarcane lasted 7 days, and it was obtained an alcohol content of 8.0% v/v. Titrable acidity of the beverage was of 67.31 meq L^-1, pH 4.03, soluble solids of 5° Brix, reducing sugar of 0.07 g glucose 100 g^-1, density of 0.991 g cm^-3, reduced dry matter of 14.15 g L^-1, sulfates lower than 0.7 g K₂SO₄ L^-1. Various phenolic compounds, among which, gallic acid (10.97%), catechin (1.73%), chlorogenic acid (3.52%), caffeic acid (1.49%), vanillic acid (0.28%), p-coumaric acid (0.24%), ferulic acid (6.63%), m-coumaric acid (0.36%), and o-coumaric acid (0.04%). Amongst aromatic compounds, were found mainly esters with fruity aromas (ethyl ester hexanoic acid and ethyl ester octanoic acid). The sugarcane juice can be commercialized as an alternative wine, as it presented adequate features to an alcoholic fermented beverage and was sensory accepted by consumers.

4 tables, 53 ref

024891   RANA N, GHOSH K S, CHAND S, GATHANIA A K (Physics Dep, National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur- 177 005, Email: akgathania@yahoo.com) : Investigation of ZnO nanoparticles for their applications in wastewater treatment and antimicrobial activity. Indian J Pure Appl Phy 2018, 56(1), 19- 25.

The photocatalytic as well as the antimicrobial activity of the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) through solution based approach have been presented in this study. ZnO-NPs have been characterised by thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), ultraviolet-visible (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. Raman studies confirm that it has stable wurtzite structure. FTIR spectrum confirms the Zn–O band at ~460 cm^-1. Optical studies reveal that the optical band gap value increases with increasing annealing temperature. The photocatalytic activity of the ZnO-NPs has been evaluated for removal of pollutants from wastewater by measuring COD and BOD. Results show that ZnO-NPs are capable of working efficiently for waste water treatment. ZnO-NPs also demonstrate antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains.

6 illus, 38 ref

024890   ALI N A, HUSSEIN N A, CHIAD B T, Al-DUJAYLI S M A (Physics Dep, Baghdad Univ, Baghdad, Iraq, Email: sundus_mabas@yahoo.com) : Diferuloylmethane anchored anatase TiO₂ nanoparticle for dye sensitized solar cell. Indian J Pure Appl Phy 2018, 56(1), 13- 8.

Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) have been constructed by using diferuloylmethane dye as natural photosensitizers for anatase nanostructure TiO₂ thin film coated on FTO conductive glass substrate. Structural and morphological properties of the semiconductor films have been characterized by X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscopy, respectively, as well as, the wavelength of the maximum absorbance of the dye anchored on TiO₂ film has been studied by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The XRD pattern of TiO₂ thin films made by Doctor-blading deposition technique has revealed that the grain size of TiO₂ is equal to 40 nm. The photovoltaic performance of the cells have been investigated in terms of power conversion efficiency, furthermore the effect of different spectroscopic parameters on the PV performance of constructed DSSC has been studied.

10 illus, 1 tables, 30 ref

024889   KUNDU V S, CHAUHAN N, KUMAR S (Electronic Science Dep, Kurukshetra Univ, Kurukshetra- 136 119, Email: vskundu_kuk@rediffmail.com) : Enhanced photocatalytic and disinfection activities of silver loaded ordered mesoporous titanium dioxide for water treatment. Indian J Pure Appl Phy 2017, 55(12), 881- 9.

In the present paper ordered mesoporous titanium dioxide (TiO₂) has been synthesized by using the nanocasting method with SBA-15 as a hard template and titanium alkoxide as the precursor. The silver has been loaded onto the obtained ordered mesoporous TiO₂ using photoreduction method. The physicochemical properties of as-prepared and calcined silver loaded mesoporous titanium dioxide (SMTO) have been characterized by various techniques. The XRD pattern confirms the existence of tetragonal anatase-rutile mixed phases of TiO₂ with a crystallite size of the range of 12-15 nm. SEM and TEM images show that the aggregation of nanocrystalline phase results in the formation of nanometer sized mesoporous TiO₂ with a well-defined spherical morphology and retained ordered structure. The as-obtained samples exhibit good photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B, Congo red and methyl orange dyes as model water contaminant at room temperature with UV light irradiation. The samples under study also show substantial disinfection properties against E. coli & S. aureus used as a model strain. The significant enhancement of the photocatalytic and disinfection activities of the SMTO materials is mainly attributed to their absorbed more photons and reduced electron-hole pair recombination due to synergic effect of porosity of the ordered structure and Ag-impregnated nanoparticles, respectively.

8 illus, 2 tables, 42 ref

024888   SUREKHA K, ABIRAMI R, PRASIDHEE V, JACOB S J P (Biotechnology Dep, St. Joseph’s Coll of Engineering, Chennai- 600 119, Email: drjpjacob@gmail.com) : Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticle using Pentatropis capensis and its anti-proliferative activity. Indian J Nat Prod Resour 2017, 8(4), 316- 21.

The ZnO nanoparticle synthesised by green synthesis method using aerial parts of Pentatropis capensis was characterised using UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, and EDAX. The antiproliferative activity was tested against HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines by MTT assay and the IC₅₀ value was calculated. The absorption peak at 330 nm confirms the presence of ZnO nanoparticle. The FTIR spectra of synthesised ZnO nanoparticle confirm the various groups present in it. The SEM image reveals the size of ZnO nanoparticle, which ranged from 73.4-398.3 nm. The elemental composition of ZnO nanoparticles consists of zinc, carbon, oxygen, potassium, calcium, and chlorine which was determined in EDAX analysis. The IC₅₀ value of anti-proliferative activity was found to be 23.277 μg/mL for HepG2 cell line and 12.926 μg/mL for the MCF-7 cell line. The green synthesised ZnO nanoparticle showed an effective anti-proliferative activity on both HepG2 and MCF cell line.

3 illus, 16 ref

024887   LI Q, GUO Y, CHEN Y (Cultivation and Identification of Chinese Herbal Medicine Dep, Gansu Agricultural Univ, Lanzhou- 730 070, Email: liqian1984@gsau.edu.cn) : BODIPY-based fluorescent sensors with tunable binding ability to fluoride and hydrogen sulfate anions. Indian J Chem-Sec A 2018, 57A(2), 186- 91.

The binding and sensing abilities of BODIPY based fluorescent sensors 1 and 2 towards various anions have been studied by absorption, emission and ¹H NMR titrations spectroscopy. Sensor 1 shows selective response toward fluoride anions through hydrogen bonding interaction, while sensor 2 acts as a highly selective ‘‘Off–On’’ fluorescent sensor for hydrogen sulfate anion in DMSO solvent. The fluorescence response of sensor 2 towards HSO₄^- may be due to the suppressed PET (photo-induced electron transfer) process induced by the multiple hydrogen bonding interactions between sensor 2 and HSO₄^-.

6 illus, 42 ref

024886   GOU G-Z, WU N, ZHANG J-C, SHI L, LIU G-Y, LIU W, MANG C-Y, CHI S-M (Yunnan Normal Univ, Kunming- 650 092, Email: chishaoming@gmail.com) : Functional 1,8-naphthyridine copper(I) complex as efficient catalyst for n-arylation of imidazoles coupling reactions. Indian J Chem-Sec A 2018, 57A(2), 181- 5.

The functional 1, 8-naphthyridine copper(I) complex, synthesized through a non-catalyst C(sp³)–H methylenation, catalyzes the cross-coupling reaction of aryl halides with imidazoles, by C―N bond formation. The Cu(I) complex catalyzes the reaction with a low catalyst loading (1%, molar fraction) and cheap base even under aerobic conditions. The procedure tolerates aryl halides with various functional groups (such as methyl, methoxy, acetyl, fluoro, nitrile and nitro groups) and gives the corresponding coupling products in moderate to high yields.

1 illus, 3 tables, 28 ref

024885   SIHOMBING K, TAMBA M C, MARBUN W S, SITUMORANG M (Chemistry Dep, Negeri Medan Univ, North Sumatera- 20 221, Email: msitumorang@unimed.ac.id) : Urease immobilized potentiometric biosensor for determination of urea. Indian J Chem-Sec A 2018, 57A(2), 175- 80.

A simple potentiometric biosensor for the determination of urea is reported in this work. The biosensor has been constructed by immobilization of urease at tungsten electrode using polyvinyl alcohol matrix followed by the sealing process with plasticisedpolyvinyl chloride. The sensing device gives fast and sensitive response to urea. A linear calibration curve in the concentration range of 0.01–50 mM urea is obtained with slope 42.7 mV per decade urea concentration (r² = 0.993), and detection a limit of 0.01 mM urea.

3 illus, 1 table, 31 ref

024884   CHANDRAWANSHI S, VERMA S K, DEB M K (Pt. Ravishankar Shukla Univ, Raipur- 492 010, Chhattisgarh, Email: debmanas@yahoo.com) : Ion-pair single-drop microextraction with ATR-FTIR determination of phosphate in water samples. Indian J Chem-Sec A 2018, 57A(2), 168- 74.

A simple, rapid and green ion-pair single-drop microextraction procedure followed by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared technique has been developed for the analysis of phosphate in water samples. This method is based on the extraction of the phosphate-cetyltrimethylammonium bromide ion-pair by the single-drop extraction procedure. The linear range for calibration plot of phosphate is 1-900 ng mL^-1, with good correlation coefficient (r² = 0.998). The limit of detection, limit of quantification, standard deviation and relative standard deviation of six replicate measurements are respectively 0.34 ng mL^-1, 1.12 ng mL^-1, 0.001 and 0.94-3.36 %. The significant parameters such as selection of solvent, their volume, ion-pair reagent and their concentration, extraction time, stirring rate, sample pH, extraction temperature and effect of salt concentration are studied and optimized. The present method is successfully applied for the quantification of phosphate in water samples with minimal solvent consumption and sensitivity as compared with the conventional methods.

2 illus, 1 table, 39 ref

024883   KUMAR T E M, SHAMSHUDDIN S Z M, SERRAO R S (HMS Institute of Technology, Tumkur, Karnataka, Email: mohamed.shamshuddin@gmail.com) : Catalytic synthesis of biodiesel from Milletia pinnata over modified forms of zirconia coated on honeycomb monoliths. J Sci Ind Res 2018, 77(2), 104-10.

In this article an economical, efficient and eco-friendly method developed for the catalytic synthesis of biodiesel is presented. Honeycomb monoliths were coated with zirconia (ZrO₂) and its modified forms such as Mo (VI)/ZrO₂, Cr (VI)/ZrO₂, Ca (II)/ZrO₂ and Ba (II)/ZrO₂ by using dip and dry method. These catalytic materials were characterized for their physico-chemical properties such as surface acidity, surface basicity, crystalinity, functionality, morphology and elemental analysis. ZrO₂, Mo (VI)/ZrO₂ and Cr (VI)/ZrO₂ coated on honeycombs were used as solid acid catalysts for the esterification of Milletia pinnata oil with methanol to reduce the percentage of free fatty acids. ZrO₂, Ca (II)/ZrO₂ and Ba (II)/ZrO₂ were used as solid base catalysts for the transesterification of esterified Milletia pinnata oil with methanol to synthesize biodiesel. The catalysts were also prepared in their powder forms and their catalytic activities were compared with that of their honeycomb coated forms. The effect of reactivation and reusability of catalytic materials on their catalytic activity is also discussed. It was observed that a two-fold increase in the catalytic activity of honeycomb coated forms was obtained when compared to the powder form of the catalysts.

3 illus, 3 tables, 19 ref

024882   DAVE H K, NATH K (Chemical Engineering Dep, G H Patel Coll of Engineering & Technology, Vallabh Vidyanagar-388 120, Email: kaushiknath@gcet.ac.in) : Sorption and diffusion phenomena in pervaporative dehydration of acetic acid through a PVA-PES composite membrane. J Sci Ind Res 2018, 77(2), 98-103.

Dehydration of dilute acetic acid solution was carried out in a pervaporation pilot plant unit using commercial polyvinyl alcohol-polyethersulfone composite membrane. Membrane swelling coefficients obtained by dynamic swelling study were found to increase with increasing water concentration in the feed. For 10 % (by volume) feed water concentration swelling coefficient of the membrane was 0.3053 which increased to 0.4919 at 90 % feed water concentration. Pervaporation separation index (PSI) was found to decrease with increasing feed concentration whereas enrichment factor increased. For 10 % feed water concentration acetic acid and water diffusion coefficients were estimated to be 1.8963 × 10⁻¹² and 11.843× 10⁻¹² m²/s respectively, which rose to 6.8732 × 10⁻¹² and 40.973 × 10⁻¹² m²/s respectively at 90 % feed water concentration. The study indicates that in addition to the effect of differences in diffusivity for the permeating components, preferential sorption contributes to a major extent to selective transport in pervaporation.

2 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref