ELMASKAYA A, ÖZTÜRK A A, BÜYÜKKÖROGLU G, YENILMEZ E
004959 ELMASKAYA A, ÖZTÜRK A A, BÜYÜKKÖROGLU G, YENILMEZ E (Pharmaceutical Technology Dep, Anadolu Univ, Eskisehir, Turkey, Email: evrimakyil@anadolu.edu.tr) : Spray-dried ketoprofen lysine-incorporated PLGA nanoparticles; formulation, characterization, evaluation and cytotoxic profile. Indian J Pharm Sci 2019, 81(4), 640-50.
Ketoprofen lysine because of a short half-life (1-2 h) multiple dosing regimens are required for oral administration. For this reason, this study is concerned with the preparation of poly lactic-co-glycolic acidbased spray-dried nanoparticles to extend the activity of the ketoprofen lysine. Nanoparticles were produced with a spray dryer (B-90, Büchi, Switzerland) and solid state properties of nanoparticles were analysed using scanning electron microscopy, particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray and differential scanning calorimetry. Drug release from nanoparticles was studied using the dialysis bag method in simulated gastrointestinal environment (pH 7.4). Ketoprofen lysine-loaded particles demonstrated nanostructured and spherical shape while in vitro release studies showed extended release (~8 days) of ketoprofen lysine incorporated and also a fairly good entrapment efficiency (~59-78 %) was detected. Peppas-Sahlin kinetic model was found to fit the best using DDSolver software program. This research may be useful for long-term and optimum use of oral non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug in chronic inflammatory diseases.
8 illus, 4 tables, 42 ref
LEI H P, ZHANG K R, WANG J, ZHANG H, SHI Q L, GE F H, HAN Q B
004966 LEI H P, ZHANG K R, WANG J, ZHANG H, SHI Q L, GE F H, HAN Q B (Sun Yat-Sen Univ, Guangzhou 510006, PR China, Email: gefahuan@163.com) : Nanoparticle formation of puerarin-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex using seds: Dissolution enhancement. Indian J Pharm Sci 2019, 81(4), 601-7.
Inclusion complex nanoparticles of puerarin and β-cyclodextrin were prepared using solution-enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids to improve the dissolution rate of puerarin. The factors that influenced particle size and inclusion yield such as, pressure, temperature, flow rate of CO2 , and flow rate of the solution, were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the products. Release behaviour of inclusion complex nanoparticles of puerarin was also studied. Elevated temperatures increased the inclusion yield. Elevated pressures reduced the particle size. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the formation of inclusion complex nanoparticles of puerarin. The accumulated release rate of inclusion complex nanoparticles of puerarin reached 98 % within 5 min, markedly higher than that of the puerarin powder and its physical mixture. Inclusion complex nanoparticles of puerarin prepared by solution-enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids can greatly improve the in vitro release of puerarin.
4 illus, 2 tables, 26 ref
DAS O, GHATE V M, LEWIS S A
004956 DAS O, GHATE V M, LEWIS S A (Pharmaceutics Dep, Manipal Coll of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal - 576 104, Karnataka, Email: s.lewis@manipal.edu) : Utility of sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes in drug delivery: A review. Indian J Pharm Sci 2019, 81(4), 589-600.
The potential of β-cyclodextrins as a pharmaceutical aid has been established through several decades of research. However, some β-cyclodextrins are reported to be toxic causing deleterious effects on long term usage. In the recent past, sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin, a modified β-cyclodextrin has captured interest as a comparatively safer and effective β-cyclodextrin for increasing the solubility and the bioavailability of biopharmaceutical classification system class II drugs. Sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin has demonstrated immense potential in addressing solubility and stability issues associated with formulation of drugs. Till date no comprehensive report on their utility in drug development has been published. Hence, this review focusses on the structure, properties, preparation techniques and applications of sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes. Investigation of the feasibility of forming stable inclusion complexes of sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin and various drugs as guest molecules using molecular modelling techniques have been elaborated in the review. Incorporation of sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin complexes into novel drug delivery systems (liposomes and nanoformulations) have been summarized along with various methods of preparation and the clinical safety. Molecular modelling approach discussed in this review, coupled with wet-lab validation of the complexes, will enable a faster transit of the delivery systems into the clinical setting.
2 illus, 5 tables, 75 ref
SHAH S, DE R, KISHAN K V, RAVINATHANAN M, SHAH N, SOLANKI N
004975 SHAH S, DE R, KISHAN K V, RAVINATHANAN M, SHAH N, SOLANKI N (Conservative and Endodontics Dep, K M Shah Dental Coll and Hospital, Vadodara - 390 025, Gujarat, Email: drkishankv@yahoo.co.in) : Comparative evaluation of sealing ability of calcium sulfate with self-etch adhesive, mineral trioxide aggregate plus, and bone cement as furcal perforation repair materials: An in vitro dye extraction study. Indian J Dent Res 2019, 30(4), 573-8.
The aim of this study was to determine the sealing ability of three different materials mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Plus, bone cement, and calcium sulfate with self‑etch adhesive (SEA) for the repair of furcal perforation, using dye extraction method. Forty‑eight extracted human permanent first and second molars were included and randomly divided into four groups: Group 1, n = 12, negative control, perforation not repaired with any material, Group 2, n = 12, perforation repair material used, MTA Plus, Group 3, n = 12, perforation repair material used, calcium sulfate with SEA, Group 4, n = 12, perforation repair material used, bone cement. The teeth were then coated with two coats of clear nail varnish immersed in methylene blue dye for 24 h, kept in 65% concentrated nitric acid for 3 days. Dye leakage was measured with the dye extraction method using a spectrophotometer at 550 nm. The negative control showed the highest mean values of dye absorbance (1.45). Bone cement (0.94) came second. Calcium sulfate with SEA (0.58) and MTA Plus (0.32) had no significant difference in their dye absorbance values. Within the limitations of the study, MTA Plus showed the least microleakage followed by calcium sulfate with SEA which has shown promising results and can be used as an alternative followed by bone cement which showed the highest microleakage.
1 illus, 3 tables, 25 ref
PAVELSKI T V, TOCOLINI D G, CORRER G M, CUNHA L F D, GONZAGA C C
004971 PAVELSKI T V, TOCOLINI D G, CORRER G M, CUNHA L F D, GONZAGA C C (Positivo Univ, Paraná 81280-330, Brazil, Email: carlacgonzaga2@gmail.com) : Long-term color stability of orthodontic adhesives after exposure to different staining agents. Indian J Dent Res 2019, 30(4), 568-72.
The aims of this study were (i) to evaluate the color stability of two orthodontic adhesives and (ii) to evaluate the color stability of enamel and ceramic brackets bonded with orthodontic adhesives after exposure to different staining agents. Disks were prepared with two orthodontic adhesives (Transbond and Enlight). Color stability evaluation was performed with a spectrophotometer using CIELab parameters. The specimens were divided into four groups and immersed in the following staining agents (n = 5): distilled water (control), coffee, red wine, and cola soft drink, for 1 h/day for 120 days. Twenty molar crowns were also used. The baseline color of enamel was obtained and ceramic brackets were bonded with the orthodontic adhesives. The enamel specimens were divided into four groups and immersed in the same staining agents. After 120 days, another color reading with the brackets in position was taken. The brackets were then removed and the enamel color was again evaluated. Color difference (ΔE) in different time periods was determined and the data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 5 %). Transbond showed lower ΔE than Enlight. Water, cola, and coffee had the lowest ΔE values. Immersion in wine showed the highest ΔE values. For time, the lower ΔE values were found for 24 h and 7 days. Storage times of 60, 90, and 120 days showed the highest ΔE values. ΔE for enamel showed significant differences only for time. Adhesive, staining agents, and storage time influenced the color stability of orthodontic adhesives.
2 tables, 26 ref
DAS E C, KUMARY T V, KUMAR P R A, KOMATH M
004955 DAS E C, KUMARY T V, KUMAR P R A, KOMATH M (Bioceramics Div, Sree Chitra Thirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala - 695 012, Email: manoj@sctimst.ac.in) : Calcium sulfate-based bioactive cement for periodontal regeneration: An in vitro study. Indian J Dent Res 2019, 30(4), 558-67.
Various types of osteoconductive graft materials are used for the management of alveolar bone defects arising out of periodontal disease. Inorganic, self‑setting, bioactive bone cements are suggested to be most appropriate because they can conformally fill the bone defect and resorb progressively along with the regeneration of the host site. A new calcium sulfate‑based bioactive bone cement (BioCaS) is developed, having simplicity and effectiveness for bone grafting applications. The response of primary human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells to this material is investigated through in vitro cell culture model so as to qualify it for the repair of periodontal infrabony defects. The BioCaS was designed as powder‑liquid combination with in‑house synthesized high purity calcium sulfate hemihydrate incorporating hydrogen orthophosphate ions. hPDL cells were isolated, cultured and characterized using optimized primary cell culture techniques. The cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility of the BioCaS samples were evaluated using the hPDL cells, with hydroxyapatite ceramic material as control. Osteogenic differentiation of the hPDL cells in presence of BioCaS was also evaluated using Alizarin red staining, Alizarin red assay, Von Kossa staining and Masson’s trichrome staining. The primary cell culture techniques yielded a healthy population of periodontal ligament cells, with fibroblast morphology and characteristic marker expressions. The hPDL cells exhibited good viability, adhesion and spreading to the BioCaS cement in comparison to sintered hydroxyapatite. In addition, the cells differentiated to osteogenic lineage in the presence of the BioCaS cement, without extraneous osteogenic supplements, confirming the inherent bioactivity of the cement. The new BioCaS cement is a potential candidate for the repair of periodontal defects.
8 illus, 29 ref
HABSI F S A, DHOLI H M A, AL-MUSALLAMI S T, SHARJI W H A, REDDY S H
003727 HABSI F S A, DHOLI H M A, AL-MUSALLAMI S T, SHARJI W H A, REDDY S H (Applied Science Dep, Higher Coll of Technology, PC133, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman, Email: hemadrisvu2020@gmail.com) : Green synthesis, characterization and optimization of silver nanoparticles using honey and antimicrobial study with food supplements. Indian J Nat Prod Resour 2019, 10(2), 150-7.
Nanotechnology is an emerging field with a vast role in health, cosmetics and industrial applications worldwide. Nanoparticles of silver varying from 1 to 1000 nm are referred to as silver nanoparticles. In the current study, an attempt has been made for the first time to synthesize silver nanoparticles from two varieties of honey available in sultanate of Oman. The existence of silver nanoparticles was identified by UV visible spectroscopy, which showed a characteristic peak at 450 nm. By varying concentration of silver nitrate, honey, pH and temperature, optimization studies for synthesis of nanoparticles were carried out. These parameters play a vital role not only in synthesizing silver particles, but also help to stabilize the nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), studies were carried out on the nanoparticles to understand their shape, size, structure and optical properties. Antimicrobial studies of silver nanoparticles with honey individually and synergistic effect in combination with food supplements showed significant zone of inhibition against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. These findings revealed that honey-based nanoparticles with food supplements could be used effectively to control common diseases.
6 illus, 1 table, 26 ref
SIVA SHANKAR V, PANDIARAJAN T, GANAPATHY S
003739 SIVA SHANKAR V, PANDIARAJAN T, GANAPATHY S (Food Process Engineering Dep, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore- 641 003, Email: siva.foodengg@gmail.com) : Hermetic storage of black gram in metal bin and flexible storage bags. Indian J Entomol 2019, 81(2), 390-3.
Hermetic storage is entirely organic, requiring no chemical or biological intervention than any other technique. Studies were done with hermetically sealed black gram at 12 % moisture content in metal bin, GrainPro bag and Storezo bag for 2 months, compared with woven polypropylene bags. Observations on the moisture content (%), Callosobruchus maculatus mortality and carbon dioxide concentration were made along with temperature and relative humidity. It was observed that the moisture content in metal bin, GrainPro bag, Storezo bag and control increased after 2 months- from 12.32 to 12.41 %, 12.23 to 12.73 %, 12.23 to 12.76 % and 12.12 to 13.44 % respectively; 95 % mortality of C. maculatus was observed in metal bin, while GrainPro and Storezo bag resulted in 90 % mortality. The CO2 concentration in metal bin, GrainPro, Storezo and control increased from 0.03 to 15.37 %, 14.83 %, 15.27 % and 3.37 %, respectively. Results reveal that the hermetically sealed metal bin, GrainPro bags and Storezo bags prolong the storability of black gram grains compared to the polypropylene bag.
5 illus, 19 ref
PARVEZ R, SINGH K, YADAV V, SINGH L
003735 PARVEZ R, SINGH K, YADAV V, SINGH L (Food Process Engineering Dep, SHUATS, Uttar Pradesh) : Effect of various processing treatments on total flavonoid content of different varieties of cowpea. Pharma Innov 2019, 8(6), 203-10.
Flavonoid is an important polyphenol contributing to antioxidant activity of food. Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) of four cultivars of cowpea (Gomati, EC 4216, BL-1, and BL-2) were determined in this study. TFC was analyzed using spectrophotometer in terms of mg quercetin equivalent per gram. The effect of selected thermal processing (boiling, roasting, microwave, autoclave and extrusion) and bioprocessing (germination and fermentation) on the total flavonoid content of two variety of cowpea (Gomati and EC 4216) were studied. All treatments conducted in this study caused a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the analyzed flavonoid content in all cultivars of cowpea except extrusion. Among all the studied unprocessed cowpea cultivars BL-1 showed maximum flavonoid content (1.18 mg QE/gram) followed by Gomati (1.05 mg QE/gram), EC-4216 (1.02 mg QE/gram) and BL-2 (0.843 mg QE/gram). In thermal treatments, autoclaving caused highest reduction (83%-55%) in TFC followed by boiling (48%-43%), microwave (35%-21%) and roasting (33%-25%), while extrusion process enhances the TFC by 10% -13%. While in bioprocessing, germination causes maximum reduction (75%-38%) in TFC which increased with time (24 hr, 48 hr, 72 hr), while fermentation reduces the flavonoid content by 67% - 43% which also increased with time (16hr, 24hr, 36hr). The correlation between Lab value and TFC was established which showed TFC of all cowpea cultivars were negatively correlated with ‘a’ value (- 0.9440) and ‘b’ value (-0.924).
4 illus, 6 tables, 29 ref
BALA K L, BROADWAY A A, KUMAR A
003721 BALA K L, BROADWAY A A, KUMAR A (Food Process Engineering Dep, Sam Higginbottom Univ of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh) : Effect of process parameters on degummimg of wild walnut (Juglans regia L.) heijuga oil of Manipur, India. Pharma Innov 2019, 8(6), 144-8.
In this study, degumming of crude wild walnut oil (CWWO) was conducted at different levels of refining parameters, phosphoric acid, caustic soda and bleaching earth. And also, different levels of refining temperature using design of experiment (DOE) method, response surface methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD), Design Expert 11. Rotary evaporator unit is used to carry out the experiment of refining processes. The main objective of refining is to remove the contaminants that adversely affect the quality of oil, thereby reducing the shelf life and consumer acceptance. Phosphorus content was monitored in this experiment. The quadratic model was found appropriate to get the optimum results. Phosphorus of RWWO was ranged from 2.7 (mg/kg) to 14.18 (mg/kg) over the entire experimental conditions. It is evident from that phosphorus was observed maximum because of low dosages of phosphoric acid (%), bleaching earth (%) and temperature (oC) of 1.0, 1.0 and 70 respectively and minimum was at input variables phosphoric acid (%), bleaching earth (%) and temperature (oC) of 1.25, 1.50 and 85 respectively.
1 illus, 3 tables, 16 ref
AKKI R, RAMYA M G, SADHIKA C, SATYA D S
003719 AKKI R, RAMYA M G, SADHIKA C, SATYA D S (Pharmaceutics Dep, Hindu Coll of Pharmacy, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh) : A novel approach in drug delivery system using dendrimers. Pharma Innov 2019, 8(5), 166-74.
Dendrimers are novel synthetic polymeric systems having improved physical and chemical properties due to their unique three dimensional architecture. Due to their unique characteristics, dendrimers have attracted a great deal of attention over the past few years. The reason why they are of eminent interest in drug-delivery applications is that they have uniform size, water solubility, modifiable surface functionality and available internal cavities. Dendrimers are a new class of polymeric materials. They are highly branched, monodisperse macromolecules. The structure of these materials has a great impact on their physical and chemical properties. As a result of their unique behaviour dendrimers are suitable for a wide range of biomedical and industrial applications. The paper gives a concise review of dendrimers’ physico-chemical properties and their possible use in various areas of research, technology and treatment.
3 illus, 90 ref
KHURANA R, SINGH S
003729 KHURANA R, SINGH S (Food Technology Dep, Uttaranchal Univ, Dehradun, Uttarakhand) : Formulation of a herbal bar with muskmelon and sunflower seed. Pharma Innov 2019, 8(5), 81-5.
Herbs (Azadirachta indicia and Bacopa monnieri) have a wide range of therapeutic properties as they are rich source of antioxidants. Seeds contains high amount of protein, fiber, vitamin (A, B, C, E) and minerals (calcium, magnesium, potassium, zinc, iron, selenium and manganese). These herbs are generally not consumed as such because of its bitter taste, therefore a herbal chocolate bar is formulated which is incorporated with these herbs, seeds and dates in it. The chocolate sample were prepared using chocolate and dates in ratio (HC1= 90:10, HC2=80:20, HC3=70:30) and herbs Azadirachta indicia and Bacopa monnieri (0.5 g) and muskmelon seeds and sunflower seeds (3 g). The chocolate with herbs was approved by the sensory panel. All the samples showed an index of acceptance above 70%.Sensory acceptability of treatment HC3 was found best for all attributes. The protein content was highest in HC1, the moisture content was highest in HC3, the fat content was highest in HC1, the ash content was highest in HC3 and the carbohydrate content was highest in HC3. The chocolate prepared contains benefits of herbs, seeds and dates which increases the nutritional value of the chocolate and can be consumer by people of any age group.
3 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref
NAMASIVAYAM S K R, SHIVARAMAKRISHNAN K, BHARANI R S A
003732 NAMASIVAYAM S K R, SHIVARAMAKRISHNAN K, BHARANI R S A (Biotechnology Dep, Sathyabama Univ, Chennai- 600 119, Tamil Nadu, Email: biologiask@gmail.com) : Potential antioxidative protein-pigment complex Spirulina platensis mediated food grade phycocyanin C -Extraction, purification, antioxidative activity and biocompatibility. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2019, 56(3), 230-9.
Phycocyanin (PC), a photosynthetic pigment produced by cyanobacteria has been gained attention due to its distinct properties such as antioxidant and anti-proliferative. Acute and sub acute toxicity studies were carried out to determine the biocompatibility of the extracted phycocyanin on Wistar rat model. PC was extracted from Spirulina platensis biomass by cold maceration followed by successive purification by ammonium sulphate precipitation and gel filtration chromatography. Biocompatibility of the purified phycocyanin was carried out by acute toxicity studies using Wistar rat model. Acute toxicity has been determined by the effect of single oral dose of PC with two different concentrations (250 and 500 mg/Kg) on the body weight, general behaviour, and mortality. In sub-acute treatment. The effect of phycocyanin on the various parameters at the respective concentration as single oral dose daily during 28 days was studied. Cold maceration followed by maceration brought about food grade phycocyanin C (C-PC) which final yield and purity were increased in the successive purification steps. Antioxidative study using DPPH assay reveals the effective free scavenging activity of the phycocynin as concentration-dependent manner. Biocompatibility studies against Wister rat model did not exhibit any harmful effect. Any sign of toxic effect on biochemical, hematological and histopathological parameters was not observed in all the tested animals of treatment groups during the study period which reveals a high level of biocompatibility. The present study suggests the possible utilization of phycocyanin C as an effective pharmaceutical agent.
6 illus, 3 tables, 38 ref
NARENDHRAN S, MANIKANDAN M, SHAKILA P B
003733 NARENDHRAN S, MANIKANDAN M, SHAKILA P B (Bioscience Dep, Sri Krishna Arts and Science Coll, Kuniamuthur P.O., Coimbatore 641008, Email: narendhransumathi@gmail.com) : Antibacterial, antioxidant properties of Solanum trilobatum and sodium hydroxide-mediated magnesium oxide nanoparticles: A green chemistry approach. Bull Mater Sci 2019, 42(3), 133.
A comparative study of Solanum trilobatum-mediated magnesium oxide (St-MgO) nanoparticles (NPs) and sodium hydroxide-mediated MgO (Che-MgO) NPs are synthesized using magnesium nitrate precursor. The characterization analyses, such as ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle-size analysis were carried out. To determine the antioxidant activity of MgO NPs by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (MTCC: 912), Bacillus subtilis (MTCC: 121) and Streptococcus pyogenes (MTCC: 1925), was performed by the well-diffusion method. The UV–Vis analysis of St-MgO, Che-MgO confirmed the formation of MgO NPs that have a broad absorption peak at 362 and 374 nm, respectively. IR spectrum of synthesized St-MgO and Che-MgO exhibits a high-intensity band at 440 and 460 cm−1, respectively. XRD analysis indicates that synthesized St-MgO, Che-MgO were crystal in nature and EDX confirmed the composition of MgO-NPs. SEM analysis revealed that St-MgO and Che-MgO NPs were spherical in shape without aggregation. Particle-size analysis confirmed that the average particle sizes of St-MgO and Che-MgO NPs were 30 and 42 nm, respectively. DPPH assay of St-MgO NPs has higher absorbance value, which indicates the high antioxidant capacity compared with ascorbic acid. St-MgO NPs are effective against bacterial pathogens, such as E. coli (16.66 ± 0.66), B. subtilis (16.00 ± 0.88) and S. pyogenes (13.66 ± 2.08) at 100 mg ml−1 concentration when compared with Che-MgO and the control (P < 0.001). Thus, the result suggested that safer use of biologically synthesized MgO NPs can act as effective antioxidant and antibacterial agents in the field of biomedicine.
5 illus, 5 tables, 29 ref
MAHMOUDI R, ARDAKANI M T, VERDOM B H, BAGHERI A, MOHAMMAD-BEIGI H, ALIAKBARI F, SALEHPOUR Z, ALIPOUR M, AFROUZ S, BARDANIA H
003731 MAHMOUDI R, ARDAKANI M T, VERDOM B H, BAGHERI A, MOHAMMAD-BEIGI H, ALIAKBARI F, SALEHPOUR Z, ALIPOUR M, AFROUZ S, BARDANIA H (Yasuj Univ of Medical Sciences, Yasuj 7591994799, Iran, Email: hasan.bardania@yums.ac.ir) : Chitosan nanoparticles containing Physalis alkekengi-L extract: Preparation, optimization and their antioxidant activity. Bull Mater Sci 2019, 42(3), 131.
Physalis alkekengi-L is a medicinal herb with a high antioxidant capacity. It is used to treat various diseases. In this study, encapsulation of the hydro-alcoholic extract of P. alkekengi-L into chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) was optimized by using response surface methodology, and its antioxidant capacity and anticancer activity were investigated. The results of the antioxidant capacity evaluation showed that the antioxidant activity of the chitosan nanoparticles containing extract did not significantly decrease by increasing the time of storage (over a 12 day period) as compared to that of un-encapsulated extracts. In conclusion, CNPs can be used to encapsulate and improve the stability of P. alkekengi-L extract and its antioxidant properties.
2 illus, 2 tables, 34 ref
PRIYADARSHI R, NEGI Y S
003736 PRIYADARSHI R, NEGI Y S (Polymer and Process Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 247001, Email: ruchirpriyadarshi@gmail.com) : Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)-mediated synthesis of silver nanowires decorated with silver nanospheres and their antimicrobial activity. Bull Mater Sci 2019, 42(3), 118.
Pathogenic infectious diseases, like bacterial infections, are one of the most prevalent types of diseases all over the world. Although antibiotics are commonly used and widely available drugs for the treatment of bacterial infections, bacteria show multiple drug resistance, have a tendency to get genetically mutated and become resistant to commonly employed antibiotic drugs. This makes the invention of novel drugs essential. One of the possible approaches is the use of nanomaterials for this purpose. The present study attempts to synthesize silver nanospheres and silver nanowires and compare their antibacterial activity. Silver nanospheres were synthesized by chemical reduction of silver nitrate in the presence of a suitable stabilizer. For the synthesis of silver nanowires, polyol method was employed. Silver nanowires neatly decorated with silver nanospheres were obtained. The antibacterial activity was estimated by separately determining the minimum inhibition concentration of the two nanostructures on Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli cultured on Luria Bertani agar media. The comparison shows that the antibacterial activity of silver nanospheres is better than that of silver nanowires which is attributed to its higher surface area and the difference in uptake mechanism by the bacterial cells.
6 illus, 2 tables, 30 ref
CHALLAGULLA S, PAYRA S, BAJAJ M, ROY S
003722 CHALLAGULLA S, PAYRA S, BAJAJ M, ROY S (Chemistry Dep, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Shameerpet Mandal, Hyderabad 500078, Email: sounak.roy@hyderabad.bits-pilani.ac.in) : Role of synthesis of upconversion nanoparticles towards surface modification and photocatalysis. Bull Mater Sci 2019, 42(3), 102.
TiO2 being a wide band gap semiconducting material cannot use the solar insolation for photocatalysis. An interesting strategy is to dope TiO2 with upconverting rare earth materials, which upon infrared (IR) or visible light irradiation can emit ultraviolet light to generate excitons in TiO2 for further catalytic reactions. This manuscript reports the incorporation of Er2O3/Yb2O3 into TiO2 via two synthetic methodologies. One of which yields the co-presence of rare earth oxides and TiO2 on the surface, while the other synthetic route yields the rare earth oxides in the core of the TiO2 shell. The detailed structural, morphological and optical properties of the laboratory synthesized materials were studied by powder XRD, FESEM, STEM, HR-TEM, BET, UV-DRS and PL. The surfaces of the materials did show some difference in their properties depending on their synthesis route, however, the two photon excitation was similar to both the set of materials. The synthesized materials were studied for degradation of rhodamine B dye, and the results suggested that the presence of Er2O3/Yb2O3 on the TiO2 surface was detrimental for catalytic application, while TiO2 exposed on the surface with Er2O3/Yb2O3 in the core can be a choice of materials for photocatalytic application.
9 illus, 1 table, 39 ref
GORIPARTHI B K, NAVEEN P N E, SANKAR H R, GHOSH S
003726 GORIPARTHI B K, NAVEEN P N E, SANKAR H R, GHOSH S (Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy (IIPE), Visakhapatnam - 530 003, Email: ghoshmnth@gmail.com) : Effect of functionalization and concentration of carbon nanotubes on mechanical, wear and fatigue behaviours of polyoxymethylene/carbon nanotube nanocomposites. Bull Mater Sci 2019, 42(3), 98.
The main focus of this work is to improve the mechanical, wear and fatigue behaviours of polyoxymethylene (POM) by reinforcing with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). To improve compatibility between CNTs and POM, the surface of the CNTs was modified by various methods of functionalization like carboxylation, silanation, carbonylation and amination. The functionalized CNTs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to confirm the different functional groups attached to the surface. POM/CNT nanocomposites were developed with functionalized CNTs in different concentrations varying from 0.25 to 2 wt %. Nanocomposites with 1 wt % of silanated CNTs resulted in maximum improvement of tensile, flexural and impact properties. Furthermore, experimental results on fatigue and dry sliding wear tests revealed that the fatigue strength, specific wear rate and friction coefficient are sensitive to functionalization and concentration of CNTs.
15 illus, 3 tables, 40 ref
SATHEESHAN K N, SEEMA B R, MANJUSHA A V M
003737 SATHEESHAN K N, SEEMA B R, MANJUSHA A V M (Horticulture Dep, Kerala Agricultural Univ, Kerala- 680 656) : Quality analysis of virgin coconut oil processed through different methods. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 2119-23.
Value addition sector in coconut is gaining momentum as a result of spiraling demand for coconut products in internal and international market. Among these, Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is growing in popularity as a functional food supplement, neutraceutical and cosmetic with therapeutic properties and has extremely good prospects for investment. In order to analyze whether there is variation in quality parameters among the different methods of its production, hot extracted virgin coconut oil (HVCO), cold extracted virgin coconut oil (CVCO) and coconut oil (CO) has been analyzed for various quality parameters like moisture and volatile matter, FFa, iodine value, acid value, saponification value, peroxide value, specific gravity, color, refractive index, Vitamin E content, insoluble impurities and test for the presence of mineral and palm oil. Among the physicochemical properties analysed, saponification value, specific gravity and refractive index of the VCO extracted from different methods showed some significant differences, while the acid value, free fatty acid, iodine values did not differ significantly among samples. Moisture and volatile matter, Colour, Peroxide value, Insoluble value, Vitamin E have significant (p<0.0001) effect on VCO extracted through different methods. Attempts were made to select the best quality oil based on the response predicted by the Design – Expert software. Based on optimization of quality parameters recorded and analysed, CVCO i.e., cold extracted virgin coconut oil was selected as the best in quality in comparison to HVCO and CO samples.
1 illus, 1 table, 26 ref
TREHAN A, SHARMA A, NAIK B, SINGH A, KUMAR V
003740 TREHAN A, SHARMA A, NAIK B, SINGH A, KUMAR V (Food Technology Dep, Uttaranchal Univ, Dehradun, Uttarakhand) : Infusion of herbs for development of functional paneer: A mini review. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 1969-72.
Herbs have assorted occupation, for instance, sustenance flavourings, added substance and as helpful fixing is given prime essentialness by virtue of its taste and healthy perspectives. It is rich wellspring of animal protein and supplements. As a result of its poor storing life by virtue of it is a fleeting milk thing. There is not kidding issue in gigantic scale creation and securing it is a noteworthy endeavour. Herbs and flavors are remarkable for their helpful property, culinary property and points of interest. A couple of herbs can be added to the paneer for redesigning the time span of practical ease of use and besides nutritive estimation of the thing. At first we are endeavouring to add herbs to the paneer to make it invigoratingly rich and addition its sensible worth by making it in different collections. Dairy industry is growing rapidly because of its preferences and eaten up by all age bundle people. Progressing or adding points of interest to it will improve the prosperity and addition the sufficiency and all things considered market of the thing. Hardly any herbs can help in extending the time length of ease of use of dairy things (especially developed dairy things) especially through their covering sway on developments and microorganisms. In this manner, shrewd usage of herb application in dairy things may realize raising their dietary and helpful characteristics and enable headway of noteworthy worth included dairy things. Fortification of herbs in dairy things could help in offering some advantage included, valuable dairy sustenance meanwhile bolster the leeway of huge herbs.
1 table, 23 ref
VASUNDHARA C H, RAJENDER G, TEJA R, MAMATHA P, SUNIL K
003741 VASUNDHARA C H, RAJENDER G, TEJA R, MAMATHA P, SUNIL K (Processing and Food Engineering Dep, Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural Univ, Hyderabad, Telangana) : Development and evaluation of terminal velocity apparatus for sorghum grains. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 1962-8.
Aerodynamic properties of food grains are important factors in harvesting pneumatic conveying, separating, cleaning, transportation and storage of agricultural products. The aerodynamic properties of crop grains influence the selection of design and operational parameters of equipment. These properties are crop variety specific and moisture dependent among the properties, terminal velocity is very important. The terminal velocity of agricultural grains can be measured by using vertical wind column apparatus. In this study, terminal velocity apparatus (vertical wind column) was fabricated by using locally available materials such as M.S sheet, GI sheet, motor, fiber column, blower and speed regulator. The dimensions of this machine were 41.3 × 30 × 141.9 cm and its weight was approximately 19.5 kg. This machine was tested on sorghum (sorghum) grains at eight different moisture content levels viz. 8.96 %, 14.37 %,17.29 %, 20.69 %, 23.22 %, 25.03 %, 27.56 % and 29.15 %( w.b.).The terminal velocity values were found 8.83 m/s, 9.11 m/s, 9.28 m/s, 9.32 m/s, 9.46 m/s, 9.54 m/s, 9.62 m/s and 9.71 m/s respectively. The calculated theoretical terminal values were 9.10 m/s, 9.17 m/s, 9.18 m/s, 9.47 m/s, 9.53 m/s, 9.62 m/s, 9.73 m/s and 9.79 m/s respectively at said moisture content levels. There is no significant difference between recorded practical terminal velocity values and calculated theoretical values. Further the study continued on effect of moisture content on terminal velocity, sphericity, and projected area of sorghum grains. It was found that, the terminal velocity of sorghum grains was linearly increased with increase in moisture content. The projected area was also increased with increase in moisture content in linear relationship but sphericity of grains was not depending on moisture content.
18 illus, 4 tables, 12 ref
KANMANI R, KALAISELVI B, FLORENCE F, AMALA INFANT JOICE J
003728 KANMANI R, KALAISELVI B, FLORENCE F, AMALA INFANT JOICE J (Chemistry Dep, Holy Cross Coll, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu) : Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of copper nanoparticles from Costus pictus: Green method. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 1763-7.
The present study involves the green and eco-friendly synthesis of CuNPs using the leaves extracts of the plant Costus pictus. For CuNPs synthesis the different bio-components present in the leaves extract works as a reducing agents. The synthesized CuNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), EDAX and FTIR. The CuNPs formed were confirmed by the characteristics surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak found at 560 nm in UV-visible spectra. The morphological study from SEM images, it is confirmed that unsymmetrical spherical size Copper nanoparticles settled on leaves extract residue. FTIR spectrum clearly illustrates the green synthesis of copper nanoparticles mediated by the leaves extract. These CuNPs were investigated for potential use as an antimicrobial agent to inhibit pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Their antibacterial activity was tested on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and the antifungal activity was tested on Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. The results showed that CuNPs had a high antimicrobial activity.
7 illus, 4 tables, 10 ref
SATI R, SINGH S
003738 SATI R, SINGH S (Food Technology Dep, Uttaranchal Univ, Dehradun, Uttarakhand) : Pigmented rice: A potential ingredient for extruded products review paper. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 700-2.
Pigmented rice is majorly of two varieties black and red. Pigmented rice varieties are packed with vitamins and nutrients. Their key nutrients are as follow; anthocyanins, protein, phytochemicals and polyphenols. They are known to prevent many precarious diseases like Alzheimer’s disease and cancer but due to its production being limited to certain parts of the world they are still not utilised up to its full potential. They are cultivated in South East Asia and some part of Africa. India is the second largest rice producer country but the consumption of pigmented rice is restricted to North Eastern parts of the country. Owing to its excellent nutritional profile it has been used in medicinal purposes since ancient times in china and some parts of Korea. Its health benefits are being recognized and therefore is gaining popularity among white rice consuming population of the world. With their flavour comparable to white rice with slight nutty twist they are a natural superfood that can boost one’s immunity. The pigmented rice is an important future crop for the world to counter the primary health problems in our society and provide ample of nutrients to the body that are not present in the white rice.
1 table, 12 ref
CHAUHAN P S, SHRIVASTAVA V, TOMAR R S
003723 CHAUHAN P S, SHRIVASTAVA V, TOMAR R S (Life Sciences Dep, ITM Univ, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh) : Biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Cassia siamea leaves extracts and their efficacy evaluation as potential antimicrobial agent. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 162-6.
The present study is focused at evaluation of antimicrobial activity of bio synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles with special reference to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Proteus mirabilis. Cassia siamea (Kassod) leaf extract was used for biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles. The synthesized Zinc oxide nanoparticles were characterized using UV, FTIR and SEM. Further these particles were subjected for evaluation of their antimicrobial activity. The FTIR studies showed the presence of several chemical functional groups, SEM results obtained showed that the synthesized nanoparticles were in the range below 100 nm and shape of the particles was slightly ellipsoidal/ spherical. The synthesized nanoparticles have showed significant antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Proteus mirabilis. The present study will provide new directions for safer and effective therapies.
2 illus, 1 table, 24 ref
CHOUDHARY M, NISHA, CHOWDHARY A, GUPTA V
003724 CHOUDHARY M, NISHA, CHOWDHARY A, GUPTA V (Chemistry Dep, J.N.V. Univ, Jodhpur, Rajasthan) : Synthesis and application of chemically modified tamarind based TTPCA resin for removal of toxic metals from industrial effluents. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 107-10.
TKP (Tamarind Kernel Powder) and its chemically modified derivatives are important biosorbents for removal of heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, iron, zinc, and copper from industrial effluents. TKP falls in natural gums category polymer which is completely non- toxic, bio-compatible and biodegradable natural polymer. It has a hydrophilic polysaccharide matrix, which have been used for the synthesis of chelating resins. In present investigation a new Tamarind Kernel Powder based chelating resin {named as TTPCA) containing Proline group has been synthesized. Hear Proline group has been incorporated into TKP with the help of cyanuric chloride in the presence of dioxane medium. TKP resin serves the purpose of both flocculants as well as selective ion binders for heavy metals. This resin is totally eco-friendly and also supports green chemistry.
2 illus, 3 tables, 16 ref
AYOUB A, SOOD M, SINGH J, BANDRAL J D, GUPTA N, BHAT A
003720 AYOUB A, SOOD M, SINGH J, BANDRAL J D, GUPTA N, BHAT A (Food Science and Technology Div, SKUAST, Chatha, Jammu and Kashmir) : Microencapsulation and its applications in food industry. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 32-7.
Microencapsulation is a procedure in which dynamic substances are covered by very little cases that has been broadly utilized in the food and pharmaceutical enterprises. This system can be utilized to decrease the expense of creation, to expand the solidness of mixes, to cover unwanted tastes, and to enhance the discharge properties of mixes in food industries. At present, microcapsules are used in drink, bread kitchen, meat, poultry, and dairy items. In addition, microencapsulation has been utilized to expand soundness, to cover unpleasant taste, to enhance the discharge properties of medications, and to give specific tranquilize conveyance in pharmaceutical enterprises. It is another innovation that has been utilized in the makeup business and also in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical and food industries, being utilized in flavors, acids, oils, nutrients, microorganisms, among others. The accomplishment of this innovation is because of the right decision of the divider material, the center discharge shape and the embodiment strategy. In this review, some important aspects of, for example, the capsules, core, wall material, release, methods of encapsulation and their use in food technology is discussed.
30 ref
KUMAR S, KUMAR S, SHARMA M K
003730 KUMAR S, KUMAR S, SHARMA M K (Agricultural Engineering Dep, Bihar Agriculture Coll, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar) : Scientific basis for high pressure/thermal food processes. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019, 8(3), 09-10.
Research needs are identified, and an overall strategy is presented for establishing a scientific basis for assessment, design and optimization of processes combining high pressure and moderately high temperatures (HP/T). In an initial phase, the kinetics is studied of HP/T induced changes in relevant food aspects. The kinetic knowledge obtained is indispensable to the development of a terminology and methods for quantitative HP/T- process assessment. At its turn, quantitative process assessment enables process design and optimization. Also self-life studies, and studies of the performance of HP/Tequipment, rely on the terminology and methods developed.
10 ref
CHUTIA R, CHETIA B
003725 CHUTIA R, CHETIA B (Chemistry Dep, Dibrugarh Univ, Dibrugarh- 786 004, Email: bolinchetia@dibru.ac.in) : A simple, fast and excellent protocol for the synthesis of phenols using CuFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles. J Chem Sci 2019, 131(6), 48.
This paper describes a very mild, quick and simple protocol for the synthesis of phenols using CuFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles as a catalyst. The nanosized catalyst has an average diameter of 17.63 nm. The magnetic nanoparticles were characterized by SEM, EDX, VSM, XRD and TEM analysis. The synthesis of phenols from phenylboronic acids using H2O2 as an oxidant proceeded very well with excellent yields. Heterogeneous catalyst, easy recyclability, mild reaction conditions, short reaction time added as an advantage for the present protocol.
5 illus, 4 tables, 28 ref
NEHRA M V, AMANJYOTI
003734 NEHRA M V, AMANJYOTI (Food Science and Technology Dep, Chaudhary Devi Lal Univ, Sirsa-125 055, Haryana, Email: manju.nehra@rediffmail.com) : Preparation and analysis of sensory attributes of cucumber - tomato sauce. Adv Appl Res 2019, 11(1), 9-12.
A study was undertaken to investigate the nutritional composition and sensory evaluation of sauce prepared with 50 % cucumber pulp and 50 % tomato pulp (Sample A) and 60 % cucumber pulp and 40 % tomato pulp (Sample B). Standard AOAC (Association of the Official Analytical Chemists) analytical techniques were employed to determine the proximate composition (moisture, ash, protein and fat contents) and pH of Sample Aand Sample B. The proximate composition (moisture and ash) and pH of sample Awas 56.00 ± 0.03 % (moisture), 0.368 ± 0.02 % (ash) and 4 (pH), respectively. The proximate composition and pH of sample B was 43.00 ± 0.01 % (moisture), 0.368 ± 0.03 % (ash) and 4 (pH), respectively. Sensory evaluation of sauce prepared with 50 % cucumber pulp and 50 % tomato pulp (Sample A) was most acceptable without affecting the sensory score.
4 tables, 21 ref
SINGH A P, SHARMA S K
002492 SINGH A P, SHARMA S K (Pharmaceutical Sciences Dep, Guru Jambheshwar Univ of Science and Technology, Hisar - 125 001, Email: ajaypharma@gmail.com) : A new antimicrobial pentacyclic triterpenoid from the rhizomes of Nardostachys jatamansi DC.. Indian J Chem Sec B 2019, 58B(04), 516-21.
Phytochemical investigation of Nardostachys jatamansi rhizomes has resulted in isolation of a new pentacyclic triterpenoid lup-20 (29)-en-3β-olyl-3β--galactofuranosyl-6'-octadec-9''-enoate 4 along with three phytoconstituents characterized as 1-octadec-9',10'-dienoyl-2,3-n-dioctadecanoyl glycerol 1, n-octanyl-n-octadecanoate 2, n-nonyloctadecanoate 3. The structures of all the isolated compounds have been elucidated on the basis of spectral data analysis such as IR, 1H and 13C NMR, mass spectroscopy and chemical reactions. Compounds 1, 2, 3 have been reported first time from Nardostachys genus. The isolated phytoconstituents have been tested for antimicrobial activity against bacterial and fungal strains. Only compound 4 shows antimicrobial activity.
1 illus, 2 tables, 27 ref
MARRI S, KAKKERLA R, KRISHNA M P S M
002475 MARRI S, KAKKERLA R, KRISHNA M P S M (Chemistry Dep, Satavahana Univ, Karimnagar - 505 001, Email: kakkerla2001@yahoo.co.in) : Synthesis, QSRT studies and antibacterial activity of 4-aryl-3-chloro-1-(3,5-dimethyl-isoxazol-4-yl)-azetidin-2-ones. Indian J Chem Sec B 2019, 58B(03), 381-6.
A new series of 4-aryl-3-chloro-1-(3,5-dimethyl-isoxazol-4-yl)-azetidin-2-ones 4 have been prepared from 4-amino-3,5-dimethylisoxazole 1. Compound 1 on treatment with aromatic aldehydes 2a-i furnishes the Schiff bases 3a-i, which are then reacted with chloroacetyl chloride in presence of triethyl amine to afford the title compounds viz., isoxazolyl azetidin-2-ones 4a-i. The structures of β-lactams 4a-i have been confirmed by IR, 1H and 13C NMR and mass spectral data. QSRT studies have been performed, and the compounds 4a-ihave been evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity. Compounds 4b, 4c and 4d exhibited promising antibacterial activity.
1 illus, 3 tables, 32 ref
DOGRA S, SHARMA N, GUPTA B, RAJAN S, DUA B
002461 DOGRA S, SHARMA N, GUPTA B, RAJAN S, DUA B (Prosthodontics Dep, Institute of Dental Sciences Dental Coll, Sehora, Jammu) : Comparison of temperature change in different adhesive resin cements during polymerization. J Adv Med Dent Sci Res 2019, 7(3), 62-4.
Resin‑ based materials generally require light activation for the polymerization. The present study was conducted to compare the temperature changes of self‑etch and self‑adhesive resin cement during the polymerization process. The present study was conducted in the department of Prosthodontics. It comprised of thirty recently extracted non carious human mandibular third molars. Dentin surface was prepared with extracted human mandibular third molars. Adhesive resin cements (Panavia F and Rely X) were applied to the dentin surface and polymerized under IPS e.max Press restoration. Differences between the baseline temperature and temperatures of various time points at 2 minutes, 6 minutes, 10 minutes, and 14 minutes were calculated. Panavia F showed temperature change of 2.16° at 2 minutes, 2.03° at 6 minutes, 1.42° at 10 minutes and 0.86° at 14 minutes. Rely X showed temperature change of 1.72° at 2 minutes, 1.10° at 6 minutes, 0.58° at 10 minute and 0.24° at 14 minutes. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Authors found that Panavia F showed maximum temperature change than Rely X recorded at 2 minutes, 6 minutes, 10 minutes and 14 minutes. There was significant difference between two adhesive resins.
1 table, 8 ref
FERNANDO, SYAFRINANI, NASUTION I
002462 FERNANDO, SYAFRINANI, NASUTION I (Sumatera Utara Univ, Medan, Indonesia, Email: prostodonsia@gmail.com) : Dimensional accuracy of putty-wash one-step and two-step impression technique in fabrication of fixed partial denture. J Evolution Med Dent Sci 2019, 8(13), 988-94.
Impression is crucial step in fabrication of fixed partial denture (FPD). The most common impression technique used in fabrication of fixed partial denture (FPD) is putty-wash impression technique, divided into two, which are one step and two step. Dimensional accuracy of one step and two step putty-wash impression technique is still a controversial. The purpose of this study is to find out the impression results difference of dimensional accuracy, inter abutment distance, abutment height, and mesiodistal width among conventional one step technique, modified one step technique with ethyl vinyl acetate spacer, non-spacer two step technique and two step technique with polyethylene spacer. The design of this study is laboratory experimental. Samples of this study are dye model from master model imprinted with polyvinyl siloxane putty and wash poured with type IV gypsum. The size of the master model is 28,25 mm for inter abutment distance, 8 mm for abutment height and 6,25 mm for mesiodistal width. 40 samples are divided into four groups, which are conventional one step technique group, modified one step technique with ethyl vinyl acetate spacer group, non-spacer two step technique group and two step technique with polyethylene spacer group. The samples are fabricated at Unit Jasa Industri (UJI) Dental FKG USU, the samples are scanned at Laboratorium Simon Dental Medan and measured with 3D Builder software. The samples are measured according to ISO No. 4823 in three dimension which are inter-abutment distance, abutment height and abutment mesiodistal width. Mean and standard deviation for group A is -0,216 ± 0,127 %, group B is 0,177 ± 0,11 %, group C is 0,57 ± 0,213 %, and group D is - 0,375 ± 0,141 %. The mean and standard deviation abutment height for group A is 0,575 ± 0,271 %, group B is 0,013 ± 0,26 %, group C is 0,55 ± 0,179 % and group D is -0,85 ± 0,444 %. The mean and standard deviation mesiodistal width for group A is -1,54 ± 0,28 %, group B is 0,08 ± 0,173 %, group C is -1,168 ± 0,534 % and group D is -0,72 ± 0,513 %. Modified one step technique with ethyl vinyl acetate spacer is the most accurate technique in inter-abutment distance, abutment height and mesiodistal width and the accuracy of that technique had significant difference with other techniques.
6 illus, 6 tables, 19 ref
MATHURASAI W, THANYASRISUNG P, SOOAMPON S, AYUTHAYA B I N
002476 MATHURASAI W, THANYASRISUNG P, SOOAMPON S, AYUTHAYA B I N (Pharmacology Dep, Chulalongkorn Univ, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand, Email: benjar.i@chula. ac.th) : Hydrogen peroxide masks the bitterness of chlorhexidine mouthwash without affecting its antibacterial activity. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2019, 23(2), 119-23.
Chlorhexidine (CHX) is an antiseptic mouthwash widely used as the gold standard for inhibiting plaque formation. However, the bitter taste of CHX limits patient compliance. We developed a 0.12 % CHX and 1.5% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) mouthwash that masked the bitter taste of CHX. This study evaluated the antibacterial activity and subject satisfaction of the developed mouthwash. Three mouthwashes were used as follows: (1) a commercial 0.12 % CHX mouthwash, (2) a prepared 0.12 % CHX mouthwash containing 1.5 % H2O2 , and (3) a prepared 0.12% CHX mouthwash. A disc diffusion assay was performed to determine the antibacterial activity of each mouthwash against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. To assess subject satisfaction with each mouthwash, a satisfaction questionnaire was completed immediately after rinsing with each mouthwash. The antibacterial activities of the three mouthwashes were similar. Moreover, the questionnaire results revealed that the level of satisfaction was significantly higher for the 0.12 % CHX/1.5 % H2O2 mouthwash compared with the other mouthwashes. The 0.12 % CHX/1.5 % H2O2 mouthwash revealed a similar antibacterial activity as the CHX standard against periodontal disease pathogens. In addition, the subjects were more satisfied with the new formula compared with 0.12 % CHX alone. These data suggest that the 0.12 % CHX/1.5 % H2O2 formulation is an alternative antibacterial mouthwash to avoid the unpleasant CHX side effects.
2 illus, 3 tables, 29 ref
DAS R, PAL A, PAUL A K
002459 DAS R, PAL A, PAUL A K (Botany Dep, Calcutta Univ, Kolkata, West Bengal - 700 073, Email: amalk_paul@yahoo.co.in) : Bioconversion of sugarcane molasses to poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate) by endophytic Bacillus cereus RCL 02. J Appl Biol Biotechnol 2019, 7(2), 20-4.
Sugarcane molasses, the by-product of sugar industry are rich in nutrients, growth factors and minerals and are efficiently utilized by the microorganisms for growth and production of primary as well as secondary metabolites of commercial importance. In this communication, we report the utilization of sugarcane molasses as the sole source of carbon for the production of copolymers of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) with improved material properties. The endophytic bacterium Bacillus cereus RCL 02 (MCC 3436) produced 7.8 g/L of PHA when grown in MS medium with 4 % (w/v) sugarcane molasses under batch cultivation. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) analysis revealed that the copolymer so produced contain 12.4 mol % 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) along with 87.6 mol % 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB). The copolyester, P(3HB-co-12.4 mol %-3HV) has been isolated and purified following standard solvent extraction method and partially characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis. The material and thermal properties of the copolyester so produced indicated its potential for industrial application.
6 illus, 1 table, 22 ref
FILLI M S, IBRAHIM A A, AQUIB M, ABBAS A B, MORSHED A, BOAKYE-YIADOM K O, KESSE S, FAROOQ M A, BAZEZY M, WANG B
002463 FILLI M S, IBRAHIM A A, AQUIB M, ABBAS A B, MORSHED A, BOAKYE-YIADOM K O, KESSE S, FAROOQ M A, BAZEZY M, WANG B (Pharmaceutics Dep, China Pharmaceutical Univ, Nanjing 211198, China, Email: bwangcpu@163.com) : The impact of physicochemical characteristics on therapeutic efficacy of anticancer nanomaterials: A Review. Int J Pharm Sci Drug Res 2019, 11(2), 61-70.
Cancer is a leading cause of death throughout the world which suffers from treatment failures mainly due to intensive toxicity and lack of effectivenessof conventional drugs. The application of nanotechnology in cancer treatment promises to overcome the drawbacks of conventional drugs/dosage forms and improve their therapeutic efficacy. Nanomaterials have novel properties that influence their in vivo performance. The biological behaviour of nanotechnology-based medicines in the body, which is different from thein vivo performance of conventional drug delivery systems, may provide benefits in pharmaceutical and/or clinical applications including,enhancements in solubility, stability, therapeutic efficacy,minimized side effects, and treatment of diseases. This paper discusses the unique characteristics and distinguished advantages of nanomaterials as anticancer drug carriers. Physicochemical properties of nanomaterials are critical parameters to their clinical translation. Hence, the impact of the main physicochemical properties on the efficacy of anticancer nanomaterials, which are found to effective for cancer treatment and/or diagnosis, are presented.It is important to have reliable and robust characterization techniques that could enable relate physicochemical properties of nanomaterials with their in vivo behaviour. Brief explanation of the different techniques that can be used for studying the various physicochemical characteristics of nanomaterials is given. An important consideration, to achieve fast and successful development of nanotechnology-based anticancer drug products, is assessment and optimization of physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties at the early stage. Obviously this requires collaboration among the different discovery and development scientists.
2 illus, 2 tables, 52 ref
SCHNABL D, DUDASNE-OROSZ V, GLUECKERT R, HANDSCHUH S, KAPFERER-SEEBACHER I, DUMFAHRT H
002488 SCHNABL D, DUDASNE-OROSZ V, GLUECKERT R, HANDSCHUH S, KAPFERER-SEEBACHER I, DUMFAHRT H (Medical Univ of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria, Email: dagmar.schnabl@tirol-kliniken.at) : Testing the clinical applicability of resin infiltration of developmental enamel hypomineralization lesions using an in vitro model. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019, 12(2), 126–32.
The aim of this study is to investigate the penetration abilities of a commercially available low-viscosity resin infiltrant into developmentally hypomineralized teeth in vitro. Four extracted third molars of a 17-year-old patient with signs of developmental enamel hypomineralization (discoloration, increased opacity, and surface roughness) were infiltrated with a low-viscosity resin mixed with a fluorescent dye, according to the manufacturer’s standard protocol. Four extracted molars with sound enamel or showing only initial fissure caries were used as a control group. Specimens were embedded in polymethylmethacrylate, and grindings were prepared. High-resolution projectional radiography of the grindings was performed, and, for one specimen, quantitative micro-computed tomography was used to measure hydroxyapatite density in enamel and dentin lesions. After decalcification, the grindings were examined by reflected bright-field microscopy, wide-field fluorescence microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Fluorescence micrographs were superimposed on the radiographs and analyzed correlatively. The pattern of hypo-/demineralization in enamel and dentin in developmentally hypomineralized teeth showed a good congruence with the pattern of resin infiltration. Cavitations and dentin tubules up to a depth of 2 mm beyond cavitations were filled by the infiltrant. In control teeth, the penetration of the infiltrant was limited to decalcified enamel areas (initial fissure caries). In vitro infiltration of developmentally hypomineralized enamel was successful. Resin infiltration might be considered as a routine procedure in the treatment of developmentally hypomineralized teeth. Further investigations with higher sample sizes, different degrees of severity, different stages of lesion extension, and modified treatment protocols are necessary.
5 illus, 30 ref
JANI R K, RANA P, BALDHA R S
002469 JANI R K, RANA P, BALDHA R S (Pharmaceutics Dep, Parul Univ, Vadodara - 391 760, Email: rupal.jani@paruluniversity.ac.in) : Formulation and evaluation of mucoadhesive in-situ nasal gel of cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2019, 10(4), 2054-61.
Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride (CBZ) is a muscle relaxant. It has 33% bioavailability due to its first pass effect and hence posses problems in the development of oral sustained release formulations. Mucoadhesive thermo reversible in-situ nasal gel of Cyclobenzaprine HCl was designed and developed to sustain its release due to the increased nasal residence time of the formulation. Poloxamer 407 (PF 127) was selected as it has excellent thermo sensitive gelling properties. HPMCK4M was added to impart mucoadhesive to the formulation, and PEG 400 was used to enhance the drug release. 32 Factorial designs were employed to assess the effect of concentration of HPMCK4M and PEG 400 on the performance of in-situ nasal gel systematically and to optimize the formulation. An optimized in-situ nasal gel was evaluated for appearance, pH, drug content, gelation temperature, mucoadhesive force, viscosity and ex-vivo permeability of drug through nasal mucosa of a goat. Additionally, this formulation was proved to be safe as histopathological studies revealed no deleterious effect on nasal mucosa of a goat after prolonged exposure of 21 days to the optimized formulation. Thus the release of Cyclobenzaprine HCl can be sustained if formulated in an in-situ nasal gel containing poloxamer 407 to achieve its prolonged action.
7 illus, 9 tables, 33 ref
KAMBLE P V, SAYYAD F J
002470 KAMBLE P V, SAYYAD F J (Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Dep, Government Coll of Pharmacy, Karad, Satara - 415 124, Email: pravingcopk@gmail.com) : Formulation and evaluation of spherical crystals of indomethacin for the improvement of solubility and micromeritic properties. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2019, 10(4), 2027-34.
Indomethacin, an anti-inflammatory drug, exhibits poor water solubility and flow properties. Spherical agglomerates were prepared by crystallo-co agglomeration technique. Crystallization medium used for spherical agglomerates of Indomethacin consisted of acetone (good solvent); water (poor solvent); dichloromethane (bridging liquid). HPMC, PVP and PEG6000 this polymer were used in the agglomeration process. Spherical agglomerates were characterized by DSC, IR, XRD, and SEM. Micromeritic, dissolution behavior and compression studies were carried out. For optimization study Box Behnken Design used. Heckle plot studies showed low mean yield pressure and a low value indicating excellent compressibility and compatibility of agglomerates. Process variables such as an amount of bridging liquid, stirring speed and polymer ratio were optimized. The dissolution profile of the spherical agglomerates was compared with pure Indomethacin. Spherical agglomerates exhibited decreased crystallinity and improved micromeritic properties. The dissolution of the spherical agglomerates was improved compared with pure Indomethacin sample.
8 illus, 5 tables, 15 ref
SHAJI J, KUMBHAR M
002490 SHAJI J, KUMBHAR M (Pharmaceutics Dep, Prin. K. M. Kundnani Coll of Pharmacy, Mumbai - 400 005, Email: jessy.shaji@gmail.com) : Formulation and characterization of linezolid loaded Eudragit Rs 100 polymeric nanoparticles. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2019, 10(4), 1944-52.
Tuberculosis (TB) is an alluring affliction caused predominantly by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. A stumbling block in the conventional treatment of TB is the occurrence of multiple drug resistance (MDR) followed by high dose requirement, subsequent intolerance & severe toxicity. Nanoparticulate-based drug therapy has significant potency in the treatment of TB. In this present study, Linezolid loaded Eudragit RS 100 polymeric nanoparticles (LZD-PNPs) were developed and characterised for the treatment of TB. Double emulsion solvent evaporation method was selected to incorporate LZD into Eudragit RS 100. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier Transfer Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) studies were done to assess drug-polymer compatibility and to indicate absence of incompatibility. Particle size analysis was carried out to measure the mean particle size of the LZD-PNPs and was found to be at 47nm-119nm (± 26 to 41 SD) which indicated the polydispersity of the formulation. Zeta potential analysis of the sample was found to be -32 to -41mv, indicating its physicochemical stability. The Entrapment efficiency of LZD-PNPs ranged between 75.56 % to 80.42 %. Optimization of the LZD-PNPs was done by response surface analysis (Design Expert 11.0.5.0 software State Ease, Inc., Minneapolis, MN). The above data suggest that linezolid loaded Eudragit RS 100 polymeric nanoparticle were successfully formulated by double emulsion solvent evaporation method and characterized for effective delivery of MDR-TB.
6 illus, 5 tables, 28 ref
GADA S G, ANANDKUMAR Y, SETTY C M
002464 GADA S G, ANANDKUMAR Y, SETTY C M (Pharmaceutics Dep, KCT Coll of Pharmacy, Gulbarga - 585 104, Email: gadasantosh@yahoo.co.in) : Design and optimization of zidovudine loaded uriddall mucilage microspheres, using box behnken method. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2019, 10(4), 1856-64.
The objective of the current investigation is to study the combined influence of sodium alginate, uriddall mucilage and calcium chloride on drug encapsulation efficiency and particle size of microspheres. Zidovudine-loaded sodium alginate based uriddall mucilage microspheres were prepared by the solvent evaporation method. Further, optimization of the formulation was done using a three-factor, three levels of Box-Behnken design (BBD). Microspheres were subjected to surface morphology and in-vitro dissolution studies. Sodium alginate alone or in combination with uriddall mucilage and calcium chloride has a substantial influence on encapsulation efficiency and particle size of microspheres. Optimized formulation was obtained using desirability approach of numerical optimization. The experimental values of drug encapsulation efficiency and particle size for the optimized formulation were found to be 83.12 ± 1.38%, and 846.56 ± 2.56 μm respectively, which were in close agreement with those predicted by the mathematical models. The drug release was also found to be slow and extended for more than 12 h, and release rates were fitted to the Power law equation and Korsmeyer-Peppas model to compute the diffusion parameters. The Box-Behnken design demonstrated the role of the derived equation and contour plots in predicting the values of dependent variables for the preparation and optimization of zidovudine loaded sodium alginate based udiddall mucilage microsphere.
5 illus, 6 tables, 33 ref
JAMES J P, PRIYA S, JYOTHI D
002468 JAMES J P, PRIYA S, JYOTHI D (Pharmaceutics Dep, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mangalore - 575 018, Email: snehpriya123@nitte.edu.in) : Synthesis, in-silico physicochemical properties and antimicrobial studies of pyrazoline loaded nanoparticles. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2019, 10(4), 1828-37.
Pyrazolines were prepared from the corresponding chalcones by using isonicotinylhydrazine as cyclizing agent. The synthesized compounds were characterized by spectral data and screened for antimicrobial activity. Insilico studies of physiochemical and drug-like properties revealed that these compounds have good bioavailability and drug-likeness properties. Compound PZ2 which exhibited good antimicrobial activity was incorporated into polymeric nanoparticles using PLGA polymer by solvent evaporation method. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by particle size, entrapment efficiency (EE %), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and in-vitro release studies. Prepared nanoparticles were incorporated into different hydrogel systems, which were prepared by using Carbopol 934 and HPMC in different concentrations ratio 2:1, 1:1 & 1:2. Hydrogel formulations were evaluated for drug content, spreadability, viscosity and drug release studies. Hence, the studies confirmed that entrapment of pyrazolthe ine as antimicrobial drugs in nanoparticle systems has found to be an inventive alternative that improves therapeutic effectiveness and curtails undesirable side effects of the drugs. Further, incorporation of pyrazoline nanoparticles into hydrogel provides an additional benefit of advanced permeation features of antimicrobial constituents for transdermal application.
3 illus, 7 tables, 25 ref
KULKARNI P, CHAKRABORTY R, CHAKRABORTY S
002472 KULKARNI P, CHAKRABORTY R, CHAKRABORTY S (Microbiology Dep, Garden City Univ, Bangalore - 560 049, Email: prema.kulkarni@gardencity.university) : Biosurfactant mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Lactobacillus brevis (MTCC 4463) and their antimicrobial studies. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2019, 10(4), 1753-9.
Biosurfactants are surface active, amphiphilic biochemical compounds containing both hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties produced by microorganisms. They are produced by a variety of microorganisms mainly fungi, bacteria, and yeasts on their cell surface or extracellularly secreted. Biosurfactant mediated synthesis of nanoparticles has now emerged as a green alternative for enhancing both nanoparticles synthesis & stabilization. One of the modes of action is through adsorbing onto metallic nanoparticles, surface stabilizing the nanoparticles & preventing aggregation. Hence, biosurfactant mediated production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was utilized in the present work. Biosurfactant was produced using Lactobacillus brevis and thus obtained biosurfactant was added to equal amounts of 1mM AgNO3 for production of AgNPs. The primary characterization of the AgNPs was done by visual observation. Further, AgNPs were characterized using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer which showed maximum absorption spectra at 420 nm, TEM revealed the size of AgNPs (18 nm). EDS was carried out to determine the presence of silver metal. Biosurfactant mediated AgNPs were assessed for the antimicrobial studies on MDR strains of bacteria and fungi (S. aureus and Candida sp.), of which S. aureus showed comparatively more susceptible. The synergistic effect of biosurfactant & AgNPs enhanced antimicrobial effects on the selected stains compared to the individual effects.
7 illus, 1 table, 19 ref
KUMAR A E, DEVI G C, SHARADA N
002474 KUMAR A E, DEVI G C, SHARADA N (Pharmaceutics Dep, Palamuru Univ, Mahabubnagar - 509 001, Email: eshwar0808@gmail.com) : A review on novel approach to pharmaceutical drug delivery: 3D printing. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2019, 10(4), 1575-81.
To develop a standard conventional solid dosage form like tablets it include the operations involving like milling, mixing, granulation, drying and compression which able to result in different qualities of the final products concerning the loading of the drug, the release of the drug, stability of the drug and pharmaceutical dosage form stability. To overcome some challenges of conventional pharmaceutical unit operations, 3DP is gaining more attention in the pharmaceutical formulation in the future. 3DP can successfully overcome the issues relating to the drug delivery of peptides, potent drugs, water-soluble drugs, and the release of multi-drugs, etc. The ideal opportunity of this technology is the preparation of personalized doses to state individual patient needs. This technology can be seen as the future of solid dosage forms produced on demand, with lower in cost and it also helps in minimizing side effects caused by excessive doses. However, some problems that limit the applications of 3DP in the commercial market, such as selections of binders which are suitable and excipients and the pharmacopeial properties of finishing products. Here, we present an outline and the perspective of 3DP in the development of novel drug delivery systems.
1 illus, 1 table, 60 ref
PUJARI A K, JADHAV N R
002481 PUJARI A K, JADHAV N R (Pharmaceutics Dep, Bharati Vidyapeeth Coll of Pharmacy, Kolhapur - 416 013, Email: akshatapujari26@gmail.com) : Design and development of anti-diabetic tablet formulation containing spray dried extract of mulberry leaves. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2019, 10(3), 1501-9.
Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a chronic hyperglycemic condition resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. The chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes is associated with long term damage, dysfunction, failure of kidney, nerves and blood vessel. Nowadays, herbal treatments available for diabetics are eroding the share of allopathic formulations. Currently, the spray drying technique has been widely used for improving processability, biopharmaceutical performance as well as modifying the physical form of various phytoextracts. Extract of mulberry being sticky may find difficulty in its formulation to tablet dosage form. Across the world, mulberry has been used for its medicinal importance. Looking at its availability and medicinal prospects spray dried mulberry extract was prepared and which is finally assembled into a tablet dosage form. Inert excipients are used to deal with processability, amorphous form and bioavailability issues. Spray drying of the mulberry extract was carried out by using carrier maltodextrin. Results obtained shows excellent/good flowability, compressibility, and compatibility. The dissolution profile of spray dried extract tablet shows a better result. In animal studies, the spray dried extract formulation group had a significant decrease in blood glucose level when compared to the powder formulation group on the 28th day. Successful completion of this work will revolutionize the herbal market of anti-diabetic formulations available till date. The cost-effective formulation will be available to the patients.
8 illus, 10 tables, 9 ref
KULKARNI V S, CHAVAN D S, KUMAR G P S
002473 KULKARNI V S, CHAVAN D S, KUMAR G P S (Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dep, Indira Institute of Pharmacy, Ratnagiri - 415 804, Email: vivekkulkarni1486@gmail.com) : The synthesis of quinazolon-1,3,4-oxadiazole analogues and studies of their antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2019, 10(3), 1477-84.
A series of conjugation of two heterocycles 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole and quinazolone were synthesized and screened for antimicrobial as well as antioxidant activity. Compound4-(4-oxo-2-phenyl-quinazoline-3(4H)-yl)- benzohydrazide 3 on cyclization with different aromatic acids in the presence of phosphoryl chloride (POCl3) give different 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole derivatives. Similarly, compound 3 on reaction with carbon disulphide (CS2) gives substituted oxadiazole thione which on reaction with different halides in the presence of dimethylformamide (DMF) give oxadiazole thiones analogs 6a6c. Structural assignments of these compounds have been made by elemental analysis, UV, IR, 1H NMR, and mass spectral data. Synthesized analogs were screened for in-vitro growth inhibition activity against different strains of bacteria and fungi and compared with standard drugs ciprofloxacin and fluconazole. Compounds 4e and 4f have good activity against bacteria. All compounds have moderate activity against fungi. These compounds were screened for antioxidant activity by using radical scavenging DPPH assay by using ascorbic acid as a standard drug. Compounds 4e, 6a to 6c have good antioxidant activity.
5 tables, 31 ref
PHALKE P L, RUKARI T G, JADHAV A S
002480 PHALKE P L, RUKARI T G, JADHAV A S (VJSM’s Vishal Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Pune - 412 411, Email: falkepallavi@gmail.com) : Formulation and evaluation of toothpaste containing combination of aloe and sodium chloride. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2019, 10(3), 1462-7.
The formulation and evaluation of toothpaste contain Aloe vera along with the combination of sodium chloride. Aloe vera shows a number of uses either internally or externally, and the number of uses also increases as the research going on. In this formulation, we tried to find out the antimicrobial activity of Aloe vera in toothpaste formulation, for the said purpose we use S. aureus culture. After designing the batches in software Design Expert® 10, the batches were formulated and evaluated. At the end of work, we found that the prepared toothpaste shows considerable zone of inhibition which concludes its antimicrobial activity. The formulation also shows sufficient foaming power for its cleansing action. The observed results were found to significant concerning the chosen cubic model in software Design Expert® 10. Thus from the collected results, we concluded that the toothpaste containing a combination of Aloe and sodium chloride possesses antimicrobial activity, but for its practical use its necessary to determine its effect on oral cavities and probable side effects after its long tern use of its oral application as its future scope. The present work provides hint for those who prefer herbal formulations.
5 illus, 5 tables, 14 ref
RAZA S N, KAR A H, WANI T U, KHAN N A
002485 RAZA S N, KAR A H, WANI T U, KHAN N A (Pharmaceutical Sciences Dep, Kashmir Univ, Srinagar - 190 006, Email: nakhan2008@gmail.com) : Formulation and evaluation of mouth dissolving films of losartan potassium using 32 factorial design. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2019, 10(3), 1402-11.
The objective of the present study was to develop mouth dissolving films (MDF) of Losartan potassium for the treatment of hypertension, with fast disintegration, optimum morphological properties, and mechanical strength. Losartan is an anti-hypertensive drug which undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism that results in low bioavailability of the drug. Through buccal route, the drug directly enters blood circulation and hence bioavailability of the drug increases. Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium alginate, and gelatin were used as the hydrophilic film-forming polymeric bases and glycerol as plasticizer. Films were prepared by solvent casting technique. Parameters like in-vitro disintegration time, tensile strength, content uniformity, folding endurance, swelling index, and in-vitro drug release were evaluated. 32 factorial design was used to optimize the amounts of the polymer and the plasticizer. In-vitro dissolution studies showed that 99 % of Losartan potassium was released within 5 min with an average disintegration time of 38 sec. UV and FTIR spectrophotometry were used to identify drugexcipient interactions. Accelerated stability studies were performed as per ICH guidelines wherein the MDFs were stable for 2 months at 40 ± 2 °C and 75 ± 5 % relative humidity.
4 illus, 11 tables, 20 ref
OJEWUMI M E, EMETERE M E, AMAEFULE C V, DURODOLA B M, ADENIYI O D
002479 OJEWUMI M E, EMETERE M E, AMAEFULE C V, DURODOLA B M, ADENIYI O D (Chemical Engineering Dep, Covenant Univ, Sango Ota, Ogun, Nigeria, Email: modupe.ojewumi@covenantuniversity.edu.ng) : Bioconversion of orange peel waste by Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae to ethanol. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2019, 10(3), 1246-52.
An alternative energy sources using the sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) waste as the feedstock was investigated; this is an approach to environmental protection. The extraction of pectin from sweet orange peel waste (pith) and the production of ethanol from the resultant liquid pectin with the aid of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) were carried out. Dried pith was separated using various particle sizes ranging from 0.075, 0.5, 1.0 and 5 mm. It was observed that pith with a particle size of 1.0 mm produced a larger volume of pectin while the pith with a particle size of 0.075 mm produced the least volume of pectin. 1,770 ml pectin was obtained from 802 g of pith; this shows that citrus fruit (especially orange) contains a high amount of pectin. E. coli (bacteria), yeast (fungus) and a mixture of both were added to the produced pectin which was fermented to ethanol. It was however noticed that sample pectin + E. coli + yeast, and sample pectin + E. coli produced a good volume of ethanol, but sample pectin only and sample pectin + yeast did not produce ethanol. The energy content of the total produced ethanol is 1526.6 Btu which can be mixed with pure gasoline to obtain an optimum energy content that can be used to power a citrus processing plant in Nigeria. The purpose of this paper is to obtain an alternative energy source for citrus plants using the waste generated by them such as orange peel.
4 illus, 6 tables, 26 ref
AVILALA J, GOLLA N
002457 AVILALA J, GOLLA N (Virology Dep, Sri Venkateswara Univ, Tirupati - 517 503, Email: gnsimha123@rediffmail.com) : Antibacterial and antiviral properties of silver nanoparticles synthesized by marine actinomycetes. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2019, 10(3), 1223-8.
Present work has been conducted to evaluate antibacterial and antiviral activity of silver nanoparticles using marine Actinomycete, Nocardiopsis alba, isolated from mangrove soil. Formation, size, and shapes of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), FTIR and Transmission electron microscope (TEM). From the UV-visible spectroscopy, the absorption peak was found at 420 nm. The SEM images confirmed that the sample contains spherical silver nanoparticles. The XRD analysis confirmed that the silver nanoparticles are crystalline, which was confirmed by the FT-IR peak at 564 cm-1 corresponding to the silver nanoparticles vibration present in the crystalline structure. The silver nanoparticles have significant antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Streptococcus aureus, and E. coli. and antiviral activity against new castle viral disease (NDV) in cattle The findings of the present study suggest that the silver nanoparticles possess a good antibacterial a d antiviral activity and could have great importance as a therapeutic agent in current nanomedicine.
5 illus, 2 tables, 29 ref