Tyagi V K;Tiwari P K;Vivekanand;Gaur
016062 Tyagi V K;Tiwari P K;Vivekanand;Gaur (Oil & Paint Technology Dep, Harcourt Butler Technological Institute, Kanpur-208 002) : Influence of acidic catalysts on epoxidation of soybean oil using per acid formed in-situ. Paintindia 2008, 58(3), 105-6,108,110,.
Epoxidized fatty esters derived from natural oils and synthetic oils find widespread applications and principally as secondary plasticizers for poly vinyl chloride (PVC) and copolymers. A number of vegetable oils such as linseed, safflower, corn, cotton seed, rapeseed, peanut have been expoxidized to yield commercially acceptable plasticizers and other additives. On account of production volume, availability and favourable economics, soybean oil is gaining preference worldwide for the manufacture of epoxidized vegetable oil plasticizers. In the present study, soybean oil has been epoxidized for varying durations using different concentration of acidic catalysts viz. sulfuric acid, ortho phosphoric acid and Amerlite IR 120 and per acid formed in-situ. The prepared epoxidized soybean oil was characterized for various physico-chemical properties, viz. refractive index, iodine value, oxirane content etc. The results revealed the activity of catalysts in order of ortho-phosphoric acid < sulfuric acid <polystyrene sulfonic acid (Amberlite IR- 120). Furthermore, 15% concentration of Amberlite and 10th reaction time yielded the product having maximum oxirane content i. e. 7. 96% that was almost equal to theoretical oxirane content. The determined oxirane contents were also verified by IR-spectra.
6 tables, 6 ref
Suresh K;Borah M;Jatty S K
016061 Suresh K;Borah M;Jatty S K (Innovation and Knowledge Center, Ashapura Minechem Limited, 278 DN Road, Fort, Mumbai-400 001, Email: ksuresh@ashapura.com) : Adsorption of nickel bentonite clays: a comparative study. J envir Sci Engng 2009, 51(2), 133-6.
Wastewater from chemical process industry contains soluble metal ions and metal ion complexes that are toxic and difficult to remove. Here, adsorption of Ni+2 has been investigated by using bentonites from Kutch, Gujarat. Synthetic nickel ion solutions of concentrations 100 - 1000 ppm were prepared in aqueous medium for the study. The amount of adsorbent is varied from 0.5 - 2.5% (w/v). Equilibrium concentrations of the metal ions have been analyzed by ICPS, UV- VIS and titrimetric methods. Adsorption of the metal ions is found to be influenced by the concentration of the salt solutions and the form of the metal ions. Basic medium allows better removal. Converting metal ions to metal ammines enhanced their adsorption.
4 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref
Singh O;Bist L D
016060 Singh O;Bist L D (NO, VCSG College of Horticulture (GBPUA&T), Bharsar-246 123) : Squash from flowers of burans. Indian Hort 2008, 53(1), 23-4.
Red flowers of burans tree are famous for their medicinal properties. Flower juice, which is considered good remedy for heart ailments and respiratory problems, has been used for making squash by the Himalayan people since long past. Therefore, standardization of various ingredients for making squash from its flowers collected from the nature has been tried. Addition of 1.5 kg sugar, 500 ml water, 10 g citric acid per litre petals extract, 1 ml essence and 1 g sodium benzoate per litre of its squash is optimum for obtaining an attractive squash without using colour. The technique is quite simple for home-scale preservation.
Singh H P
016059 Singh H P (Indian Council of Agricultural Research, , Krishi Anusandhan Bhavan II, New Delhi-110 012) : Exploring R & D potential in spices for sustainable production and export. Indian Hort 2008, 53(1), 3-8, 29-30.
India has been a traditional producer, consumer and exporter of spices. Almost all states in the country produce one or other spices. The total value of spices produced in India is about Rs 22,000 crore during 2004-05. With variety of spices in its production list almost one-third of the world demand is being met by Indian exports. India's exports have grown from Rs 24,214.42 lakh in 1990-91 to Rs 3,57,575 lakh in 2006-07. About 9% of total spices production in the country is exported. Share of export in total production varied from mere 0.4% in garlic to about 50% in nutmeg. Chilli and turmeric constitute more than 50% of the total spices exports in terms of quantity, while chilli along with oils and oleoresin and mint products constitute nearly 67% of the total export value of spices from India. However in the recent past, the country has lost its monopoly in many of the export-oriented spices and the import of spices increased slowly. Therefore, there is a need to strengthen the R&D network in the country, to meet the challenge says Dr H.P. Singh, DDG (Hort.) at ICAR Headquarters, New Delhi.
2 tables
Shrivastava B K;Vani A
016058 Shrivastava B K;Vani A (Chemistry Dep, O.P. Jindal Institute of Technology, Raigarh) : Comparative study of defluoridation technologies in India. Asian J expl Sci 2009, 23(1), 269-74.
Study was undertaken to analyze and select most appropriate method for removal of fluorides in rural areas. Five methods were analyzed in details with mechanism and limitations. The methods are: Activated Alumina, Red Mud, Montmorillonite, Nalagonda Technique and Magnesia. The Study reveals that magnesia is the most appropriate fluoride treatment device for rural areas.
^iia1 table, 24 ref
Seth V K
016057 Seth V K (NO, Sakata Inx (India) Limited, Devika Tower-6, Nehru Place New Delhi-19) : Strategies for growth in printing inks. Paintindia 2008, 58(3), 156-9.
Packaging and printing industry in India is growing at an annual growth rate of' 8-20%. Indian industry has been laggard in technological developments until the year 2000. We are witnessing consolidation of lot of Ink and printing packaging companies globally. Today we have presence of 6 top Global ink companies in India who already have more than 90% share of Indian Printing and Packaging Ink market. We are seeing Huhutamaki, Alcan etc. Global giants already taking substantial share in the Indian packaging Industry. Indian printers like Pragati, Silverpoint, ITC etc are earning laurels in the Global markets of Printing, Publishing & Packaging arenas. High speed machines in the web offset, heat set, gravure and sheet fed applications are rapidly landing up in India in recent years. Ink cost based on coverage, consistency of inks compatibility with high speed machines, low odour and solvent retention, recylclability of the print matter, environmental and sustainability issues, toxicity of raw materials, bio degradability etc are the trends of developments for the printing and packaging materials. The raw materials including Pigments and Dyes have to fall in line with the above requirements to keep pace with the future developments in Inks.
Sathyan M
016056 Sathyan M (NO, Afcona Additives Private Limited, 803, Ridhima Tower, Opp. Golden Square Sundar Nagar, Kalina, Mumbai-400 098, Email: manojsathyan@afcona.com.my) : Defoaming technology. Paintindia 2008, 58(3), 113-14,116,118,.
2 illus, 1 table
Sathyan M
016055 Sathyan M (NO, Afcona Additives Private Limited, 803, Ridhima Tower, Opp. Golden Square Sundar Nagar, Kalina, Mumbai-400 098, Email: manojsathyan@afcona.com.my) : Slip and levelling agents. Paintindia 2008, 58(2), 89-90,92,94,96.
10 tables
Sathyan
016054 Sathyan (NO, Afcona Additives Pvt. Ltd, 803, Ridhima Tower, Opposite Golden Square, Sunder Nagar, Kalina, Mumbai-400 098, Email: manojsathyan@afcona.com.my) : Dispersing technology. Paintindia 2008, 58(1), 95-128.
32 illus
Pinto S;Rathaur A;Patel A M;Prajapati J P; Solanky M J
016053 Pinto S;Rathaur A;Patel A M;Prajapati J P; Solanky M J (Dairy Technology Dep, SMC College of Dairy Science, Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388 110, Email: amitpatel2005@gmail.com) : Physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of low fat partially filled frozen dessert. Indian J Dairy Sci 2008, 61(1), 19-26.
Study was carried out to find out effect of use of vegetable oil in production of low fat frozen dessert. The basic ice cream mix i.e. control (C) had 4.5% milk fat, 11.75% MSNF, 1.25% whey protein concentrate-70 (WPC-70), 15% sucrose, 0.2% sodium alginate and 0.2% glycerol monostearate with a total solids content of 32.9 %. Vanilla flavoured frozen dessert was prepared by partially replacing milk fat with sunflower oil: coconut oil blend (80:20). This oil blend was incorporated at three different levels i.e. F1 (1.0% vegetable oil blend and 3.5% milk fat), F2 (2.0 % vegetable oil blend and 2.5 % milk fat) and F3 (3.0% vegetable oil blend and 1.5% milk fat), in mix formulation, other ingredients were same as that of the basic ice cream mix (C). The effect of addition of vegetable oil on physicochemical and sensory characteristics of low fat partially tilled frozen dessert were determined. Incorporation of vegetable oil blend at F3 level did not have any adverse effect on the compositional attributes, pH and acidity of frozen dessert, flavour and melting quality scores and total score.
3 tables, 29 ref
Parthasarathi V
016052 Parthasarathi V (Textile Technology Dep, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore-641 006, Email: sarathi_vp@hotmail.com) : Preparation TiO2 nano particle by different synthesis methods. Paintindia 2008, 58(3), 97-8,100,102,10.
Nanocrystalline materials are currently receiving much attention by virtue of their special chemical, physical, and mechanical properties. Of these materials, nanosized titanium dioxide has been of great interest because it exhibits many modified electronic and optical properties as well as extensive application, including photo catalysis and photo electrochemical solar cells. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is extensively used as a photo catalyst due to the strong oxidizing power of its holes, high photo stability and redox selectivity. TiO2 sols were prepared by the hydrolysis and condensation of titanium (IV) n-butoxide in isopropyl alcohol. The particle dimensions and morphology of the product were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the crystal structure by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and chemical state was Identified by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. The particle size by scanning electron microscopy was in the range of 4-10 nm. The X-ray diffraction data revealed that the nanoparticles possess mostly a tetragonal crystal structure of anatase. The absorption of the tetrahedral titanium species at 280nm on UV spectra exhibited the quantum size effect of the nanoparticles. High-purity anatase TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared using a low-temperature sol-gel route. The as-prepared sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis, UV-vis spectroscopy, and photo luminescence14. It is shown that the as-prepared sample crystallized in a pure anatase phase with an average crystallite size of about 7 nm, and the surfaces were highly hydrated. Syntheses of TiO2 nano particle by different methods were conducted by various researchers. This abstract is high light of the various synthesis methods.
1 illus, 17 ref
Padhye A D;Chaudhari M I
016051 Padhye A D;Chaudhari M I (Asian Paints Ltd., , LBS Marg, Bhandup (West), Mumbai-400 078) : Renewable resources: the precursor for biodegradable surface coatings. Paintindia 2008, 58(2), 73-4,76,78,80,8.
For sustainable development in the new century, using renewable resources and alternative substrates to the petroleum derived ones has gained considerable importance. Natural products derived from plant and animal sources form large portion of renewable resources. These renewable resources are significantly important from industrial and economic point of view Biodegradable polymers derived from natural resources offered a possible solution towards waste disposal problems. The bioªbased materials are relatively inexpensive, ecocompatible and designed to experience biodegradation. In this paper we reviewed use of renewable resources in the synthesis of biodegradable coatings.
16 illus, 1 table, 32 ref
Olaofe O;Ekuagbere A O;Ogunlade I
016050 Olaofe O;Ekuagbere A O;Ogunlade I (Chemistry Dep, Ado-Ekiti Univ, Ekiti State, Nigeria, Email: cscngr@yahoo.com) : Chemical, amino acid composition and functional properties of Calabash seed's kernel. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect C 2008, 27(2), 129-41.
The chemical composition and functional properties of calabash seed's kernel were carried out using standard analytical methods. Results show that the calabash seed kernels contained high amount of crude protein (35.9%) and fat (43.2%). It also contained moderately high amounts of magnesium, sodium, potassium and manganese. Phosphorus was present in high amounts making it a potential source of food supplements. The most abundant amino acids present are glutamic acid (147.0mg/g protein) and aspartic acid (95.8mg/g protein). The essential amino acids in the kernel amount to 43.4% indicating that the kernel is nutritionally useful for both school children and adults. The calabash kernel protein has minimum solubility at pH 5.0. The results of functional properties of the calabash seed flour showed that water absorption capacity was 156.7%, oil absorption capacity 93.3% with least gelation concentration of 7.0%. The emulsion capacity, foaming capacity and stability were relatively good, suggesting that the calabash seed kernel can be utilized for both domestic and industrial purposes.
1 illus, 6 tables, 38 ref
Nair J R
016049 Nair J R (NO, Asian Paints Ltd., Technology Development & Services, L.B.S. Marg, Bhandup (W) Mumbai-400 078) : Dendritic polymers: design tools for property control in coatings. Paintindia 2008, 58(3), 77-8,80,82,84,8.
Dendritic polymers, dendrimers and hyperbranched polymers, are new class of polymeric materials. They are highly branched macromolecules having prospects to deliver smart performances in coatings. The structure of these materials has a great impact on their physical and chemical properties. This paper gives a concise review of various aspects of dendritic polymers such as synthetic methodologies, characterization aspects, structure property relationships and various applications.
16 illus, 33 ref
Munshi R;Acharyya P;Sadhu M K;Sarkar R K
016048 Munshi R;Acharyya P;Sadhu M K;Sarkar R K (Horticulture Dep, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of Calcutta, Kolkata-700 019) : Radiation technology in hoticulotural produce is safe. Indian Hort 2008, 53(1), 12,16.
Radiation processing technology is coming of age. More applications are being added and more people are accepting it. As per Montreal protocol, fumigation of food products with chemicals such as ethylene dibromide, methyl bromide and ethylene oxide is being increasingly restricted. The obvious alternative is radiation processing which will have a lot more business opportunities.
Mishra B K;Pandey R K
016047 Mishra B K;Pandey R K (RDAP Dep, NEHU, Tura Campus, Tura-794 002) : Quality of pasteurized milk by microwave process. Indian J Dairy Sci 2008, 61(1), 13-18.
Process using domestic microwave-oven was standardized for pasteurization of raw milk samples. It may clearly be inferred that microwave energy could successfully be utilized in dairy processing. Milk can be pasteurized in 3.3 minutes in microwave without any appreciable changes in its physico-chemical properties. It can be stored for 14 hours at room temperature (20-25°C) and for 21 days at refrigeration temperature (5°C).
4 tables, 16 ref
Karthikeyan N;Dhanalakshmi B
016046 Karthikeyan N;Dhanalakshmi B (Veterinary University Training and Research Centre, Veterinary Hospital Campus, Kamarajar Road, Tirupur-641 604) : Microbial profile and quality of khoa from different sources. Indian J Dairy Sci 2008, 61(1), 90-3.
Twenty-nine samples of Khoa from local vendors, private manufacturers and organized dairies were collected for enumeration of total viable count, coliform count, phychrotropic count, aerobic spore farmers, yeast and mould count, isolation and identification of mould species were carried out. The results revealed that the bacterial count, yeast and mould count of local vendor's samples were higher when compared to private manufacturers and organized dairies. The total percentage of occurrence of Aspergillus sp isolated from Khoa samples was found to be the highest followed by Penicillium sp, Rhizopus sp, Fusarium sp and Mucor sp. The higher microbial load of these local vendors products may be due to contamination during production, post-preparation handling, transportation, storage and marketing of the finished products.
^ssc1 table, 22 ref
Jagtap R N;Chimankar Y T;Jadhav N G
016045 Jagtap R N;Chimankar Y T;Jadhav N G (Surface Coating Technology Div, University of Mumbai, Institute of Chemical Technology (UICT), Mumbai-400 019) : Polyurethane hybrid nanocoating containing organicaally modified MMT clay for wood applications. Paintindia 2008, 58(1), 77-88.
Incorporation of nanofillers like nanoclays, nanotubes, nanofibres and nanospheres in to coating results into formation of polymer nanocomposite hybrid coating. These hybrid coatings show drastic improvement in properties derived from the addition of a few percent of the clays. This improvement in the properties is the result of ultra fine phase dimension of the filler. In the work polyester-polyol is synthesized, based on Adipic acid (AA), Neo-pentyl glycol (NPG) and Tri-methylol Propane (TMP), which in turn is reacted with Isophorone Diisocyanate (IPDI), resulting in polyurethane. In this polyurethane different proportion of organically modified montmorillonite (MMT) clay has been introduced. The resulting polyurethane nanocomposite hybrid coating is characterized for FTIR, X-RD, and different performance properties on wood. This incorporation has resulted in improvements on coating properties such as gloss, hardness, abrasion resistance and chemical resistance.
7 illus, 4 tables, 6 ref
Goyal G K;Shrivastava S;Alam T;Rai S
016044 Goyal G K;Shrivastava S;Alam T;Rai S (Food Packaging Lab., Dairy Technology Div, NDRI, Karnal-132 001) : Role of plastics in food packaging. Indian Dairyman 2008, 60(10), 31-7.
"There is no sphere of human activity in which plastics have not made their entry ranging from agriculture, chemical industry, packaging, an4space exploration or for that matter even offshore drilling. In fact, plastics now find a place in every field. The properties that make polyethylene (PE) film a popular packaging medium are its low price, nontoxic, excellent heat sealing property, flexibility, pleasing appearance and softness, chemical inertness. "
1 table, 9 ref
Dabur R S;Poonia A
016043 Dabur R S;Poonia A (Animal Products Technology Dep, CCS, HAU, Hisar, Email: apt@hau.ernet.in) : Functional dairy products and their impacts on health. Indian Dairyman 2008, 60(10), 55-61.
"Functional foods are viewed as one option available for seeking cost-effective health care and improved health status. In many countries, a large segment of the population is aging and considerable health care budget is focused on treatment rather than prevention. Thus, the use of functional foods in daily diets can be seen as means to reduce escalating health care costs that will contribute not only to a longer lifespan, but also more importantly, to a longer health span."
20 ref
Bebarta K C
016042 Bebarta K C (NO, FMIS Div, Forest Campus, Raipur, Chhattisgarh) : Application of GIS, GPS and remote sensing technologies in forest management: a case study in Chhattisgarh. Indian For 2008, 134(1), 36-41.
Developing an information base is a sine-qua-non for scientific management of forests. It requires building a comprehensive geo-database of forest resources and it critical analysis on a continuous basis. This is possible if modern technologies such as computing, geographical information system, geographical positioning system, remote sensing and internet are applied in forest management practices. Towards this, Forest Department of Chhattisgarh has launched an initiative to develop multiplayered geodatabase primarily focused on forest management. It has also prepared an application software known as Working Plan Decision Support System (WP DSS) fully adapted to processes and procedures provided in the new working plan code issued by Govt. of India. GIS and Remote Sensing technologies are fully applied not only to revise forest working plans in the state but also to carry out other management tasks.
4 illus, 2 tables, 2 ref
Banerjee I
016041 Banerjee I (NO, Berger Paints India Limited, 14 & 15 Swarnamoyee Road, Howrah-711 103) : Cool interiors in hot summer days: application of infrared refelecting coatings. Paintindia 2008, 58(1), 89-94.
In tropical countries, during the hot summer days, as the surrounding temperature rises the solar heat absorbed by the walls of buildings is conducted into the interiors making them uncomfortable to live. Ordinary paints, apart from whites, do not have the capacity to protect the substrate from heat accumuªlation and consequent conduction. However a new generation coating system formulated with Complex Inorganic Colour Pigments (CICP) actually cut-off this heat. They are infrared reflecting pigments and can reflect IR radiation incident on them to a great extent. Room temperature of buildings whose exteriors are coated with these paints is found to be lower by 40-60. This saves energy (in form of air-conditioner bills). Discusses in brief the principle of heat reflection by these CICPs, their usage and method of evaluating the same.
5 illus
Bajpai G D;Raju;Pramod Kumar
016040 Bajpai G D;Raju;Pramod Kumar (Oil and Paint Technology Dep, Harcourt Butler Technological Institute (HBTI), Kanpur, U.P) : Synthesis and characterization of water-thinnable thermosetting acrylic resins for low-cure surface coatings. Paintindia 2008, 58(1), 67-74.
Among the various binders used for industrial finishes, thermosetting acrylics (TSAs) are gaining importance. There are two main reasons for this; firstly they possess inherently superior properties; such as water clear appearance, colour retention, good durability, low pigment reactivity, excellent chemical resistance and excellent flexibility. Secondly, thermosetting acrylics provide greater formulation latitude as they can be tailor made to suit specific applications. Thermosetting acrylics are commonly used in the two major forms one solvent soluble thermosetting acrylics for conventional solids coatings and the other thermosetting acrylics for high solids coatings. Water-thinnable acrylic resins have been developed wherein water is used in place of volatile organic solvent which is the main source of VOC emission. Water-thinnable thermosetting acrylics are getting more prominence day after day because of their eco-friendly nature, cost effectiveness and superior films performance. However, ordinary water-thinnable thermosetting acrylic resins cure at high temperature (≈ 120-150°C) and hence involve high energy consumption. Through this work, efforts have also been directed towards developing such water-thinnable thermosetting acrylic resins which can be cured at lower temperature to yield low-cure surface coatings. For achieving this, a series of TSA resins were prepared by reacting 2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and acrylic acid (AA) as monomers in butanol as solvent in presence of benzoyl peroxide as initiator. The prepared TSA resins were made water soluble by neutralizing with ammonia solution. The coating films were then baked at 90°C for 30 minutes to effect film cure. Cured films were evaluated for their various optical, mechanical and chemical resistance properties to ascertain the commercial utility of low-temperature curable water-thinnable TSA resins.
1 illus, 5 tables, 8 ref
Amit Kumar;Sharma V;Darshan Lal;Unnikrishnan V;Parmar S
016039 Amit Kumar;Sharma V;Darshan Lal;Unnikrishnan V;Parmar S (Dairy Chemistry, NDRI, Karnal) : Methods for detection of added neutralizers in milk: merits and demerits. Indian Dairyman 2008, 60(10), 43-7.
"Although several methods are listed in the literature for the detection of added neutralizers in milk, none of them appears to be satisfactory. Moreover, no single test is capable enough to give clear cut indication of added neutralizers in milk. There is ample scope for further research to find a suitable method to deal with the problem of added neutralizers, commercial preparations of which can even be carriers of heavy metals like arsenic, lead, etc. as contaminant that can lead to health hazard."
14 ref
Wattanasiriwech D;Polpuak N;Danthaisong P; Wattanasiriwech S
014979 Wattanasiriwech D;Polpuak N;Danthaisong P; Wattanasiriwech S (School of Science, Mah Fah Luang Univ, Chiang Rai, Thailand 57100) : Use of rice husk ash for quartz substitution in stoneware glazes. J scient ind Res 2008, 67(6), 455-60.
Two types of rice husk ashes (RHAs) with different silica contents were used for quartz substitution in a standard opaque glaze and a crystalline glaze. One RHA (RHA1) was a waste from a brick firing process and was used as received. RHA1 (particle size, 36.55 ±0.26 μm) contained only 71.41% SiO2. Other RHA (RHA2) was prepared in laboratory under a well controlled process to obtain similar silica content (95.95%) and average particle size (15.83 ±0.18 μm) to quartz. Coefficients of expansion (COE) values of opaque glazes were: RHA1 glaze >RHA2 glaze >quartz glaze. RHA1 glaze, which exhibited highest COE value, crazed with finest craze pattern. All glazes melted at approx. the same temperature and exhibited similar phase changes upon firing. When RHAs were used to replace quartz in a crystalline glaze recipe, RHA1 glaze exhibited a high number of crystals with finer size, while crystals found in the quartz were larger in size with less density.
5 illus, 1 table, 8 ref
Verma S;Gehlot R
014978 Verma S;Gehlot R (Centre of Food Science and Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004) : Standardization of processing technology for bael (Aegle marmelos Correa.) squash. Res Crop 2007, 8(2), 500-3.
The processing technology for bael squash was standardized and it was evaluated for changes in its chemical constituents and organoleptic quality during storage period. Total sugars, reducing sugars and browning were found increased, whereas acidity and total phenols of bael squash were found decreased during storage period. Overall acceptability of bael squash decreased during storage period; however, its organoleptic score remained above the acceptable level in all the treatments after storage period. Bael squash prepared with 35% bael pulp, 50% total soluble solids and 1.20% acidity was found most acceptable among all the treatments.
1 illus, 9 ref
Srinivas T;Gupta A V S S K S;Reddy B V
014977 Srinivas T;Gupta A V S S K S;Reddy B V (School of Mechanical and Building Sciences, VIT Univ, Vellore-632 014, Email: srinivastpalli@yahoo.co.in) : Thermodynamic modeling and optimization of multi-pressure heat recovery steam generator in combined power cycle. J scient ind Res 2008, 67(10), 827-34.
Optimum configuration for single pressure (SP), dual pressure (DP) and triple pressure (TP) heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) is presented to improve heat recovery and thereby exergy efficiency of combined cycle. Deaerator was added to enhance efficiency and remove dissolved gases in feed water. A new method was introduced to evaluate low pressure (LP) and intermediate pressure (IP) in HRSG from local flue gas temperature to get minimum possible temperature difference in heaters instead of a usual fixation of pressures. Optimum location for deaerator was found at 1, 3 and 5 bar respectively for SP, DP and TP in heat recovery at a high pressure (HP) of 200 bar. Results also showed optimum pressure for air compression and steam reheater by means of three categories of heat recovery.
4 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref
Sengupta P;Saikia P C;Borthakur P C
014976 Sengupta P;Saikia P C;Borthakur P C (Materials Science Div, North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Jorhat-785 006, Email: sengupta@rrljorhat.res.in) : SEM-EDX characterization of an iron-rich kaolinite clay. J scient ind Res 2008, 67(10), 812-18.
Kaolin clay from Deopani deposit of Assam contains high amount of iron. Kaolinite particles, characterized by SEM-EDX, are pseudohexagonal and arranged in face-to-face pattern. Clay particles are coated with iron- and titanium-bearing minerals, which can be separated by wet high intensity magnetic separator Titaniferrous impurities present as coatings on kaolinite particles are difficult to remove by oxalic acid treatment.
11 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref
Saydut A;Hamamci C
014975 Saydut A;Hamamci C (Engineering and Architecture Faculty, Mining Engineering Dep, Dicle Univ, TR-21280 Diyarbakir, Turkey, Email: saydut@dicle.edu.tr) : Influences of temperature on flash pyrolysis products of asphaltite. J scient ind Res 2008, 67(12), 1118-22.
Seguruk (Sirnak, Turkey) asphaltite by flash pyrolysis in a fixed bed reactor with a heating rate 40 °C min-1 at 400-800 °C (optimum 550 ±C) under nitrogen atmosphere gave: solid residue (char), 67.68; oil, 13.28; and water, 0.99%. Seguruk asphaltite contained: asphaltene, 28.72; preasphaltene, 10.43; aliphatics, 52.54; aromatics, 5.05; and polar aromatic compounds, 3.26%. Oil obtained from asphaltite is mainly aliphatic according to FTIR spectrum.
1 illus, 3 tables, 34 ref
Sathaye S;Kanetkar P V;Khan D U;Iyer G
014974 Sathaye S;Kanetkar P V;Khan D U;Iyer G (Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology Dep, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai-400 019) : Screening of fertilizers, food colors and pesticides for toxicity using brine shrimp larvae model system. Int J Pharmac biol Sci 2009, 3(1), 45-9.
Brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) utilizing brine shrimp (Artemia salina) is proposed as a rapid, bench-top bioassay for screening pesticides, fertilizers, food colors and chemicals in daily use. The procedure determines Lethal Concentration in meg/ml of the various test substances under consideration to kill 50% of the organisms (LC50) values in the brine medium. Toxicity of a broad range of known chemicals is manifested as lethality to the shrimp larvae (Meyer et. al., 1982). BSLT is considered as a useful tool for preliminary assessment of toxicity. It is a general bioassay, a technique which could be easily mastered, costs little, utilizes small amount of test material and aims at providing a frontline screen that can be backed up by more specific and more expensive bioassays. This paper involves screening of pesticide, fertilizers and food colors using BSLT. Toxicity of the substance was manifested by death of brine shrimp larvae in a dose dependent manner.
3 tables, 10 ref
Samuel P;Maity S;Khan S;Roy S C
014973 Samuel P;Maity S;Khan S;Roy S C (NO, Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Digwadih Campus, Dhanbad-828 108, Email: scroy_cfri@rediffmail.com) : New opportunities for research in coal derived chemical. J scient ind Res 2008, 67(12), 1051-8.
Some specialty chemicals are monomers for new variety of aromatic engineering plastics. Some of these monomers can be prepared from 1-4 ring aromatics (alkylated benzenes, biphenyl, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, phenol and carbazole). Among these, 2, 6-dialkyl naphthalenes, 4, 4'- dialkyl benzenes assume greater importance. By oxidation of coal and lignite using alkaline group I metal oxide, it is possible to isolate phenolic acids and naphthalene di-carboxylic acid, which are also important monomers for engineering plastics. By developing critical aromatic chemicals from coal, carbo-chemical resources could contribute to high technology development leading to reduction in the cost of basic monomers. Markets with large volume of carbo-chemicals can be further stimulated through high performance industrial carbons such as graphite, carbon fibre as also by developing processes for manufacture of adsorbents for environmental applications such as air and water purification.
1 illus, 2 tables, 26 ref
Panwar C;Anil Kumar;Paliwal M;Punjabi P B; Ameta S C
014972 Panwar C;Anil Kumar;Paliwal M;Punjabi P B; Ameta S C (Chemistry Dep, College of Science Univ, Mohanlal Sukhadia Univ, Udaipur, Rajasthan, Email: ameta_sc@yahoo.com) : Degradation of azure-B by sonochemical treatment. Int J pure appl Chem 2007, 2(3), 319-23.
Investigation describes a sonochemical treatment which has been developed for the degradation of azure - B dye. Ultrasonic frequency of 4 MHz was used for all experiments in order to find the best conditions for degradation. The effects of various parameters like pH, concentration of dye, solvent composition, temperature, nature and concentration of surfactant etc. on the reaction rate have been examined. The progress of the sonochemical degradation was monitored by spectrophotometry. The value of energy of activation was also computed for sonochemical degradation. It was observed that the dye was completely oxidized and degraded into CO2 and H2O through a two step mechanism. First step was found to faster (k = 7.19 x 10-4 s-1as compare to second step k = 1.12 x 10-4 s-1) 80 degradation of dye taken place in first step. A suitable tentative mechanism has also been proposed.
6 illus, 22 ref
Mansour A F;Killa H M A;Refat M S;El-Sayed M Y
014971 Mansour A F;Killa H M A;Refat M S;El-Sayed M Y (Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Education, Port Said, Suez-Canal Univ, Egypt, Email: msrefat@yahoo.com) : Synthesis, spectroscopic characterizations and thermal studies of an inorganic-organic hybrid doped with Rh-6G and perylene dyes using sol-gel method. Int J pure appl Chem 2007, 2(3), 333-45.
An inorganic-organic hybrid material has been obtained by combining organic photopolymerization and sol-gel process. The organic and inorganic phases are formed from two interpenetrating polymeric networks. The free hybrid as well as hybrid doped with rodamine 6G (Rh 6G)/perylene (Pery) were investigated using electronic, fluorescence, and mid infrared spectra. On the other hand, the thermogravimetric (TGA/DTG) and kinetic parameters (E, ΔG, ΔS, ΔH) were applied to check the thermal stabilities of the resulted.
15 illus, 6 tables, 18 ref
Kataria P;Jain A;Ameta R;Sharma V K;Punjabi P B
014970 Kataria P;Jain A;Ameta R;Sharma V K;Punjabi P B (Photochemistry and Solar Energy Laboratory, Chemistry Dep, College of Science Univ, MLSU Udaipur) : Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and azure-B over TiO2 in the presence of inorganic anions. Int J pure appl Chem 2007, 2(4), 423-8.
The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and azure-B over titanium dioxide powder has been carried out in presence of inorganic ions. The progress of the reaction has been monitored spectrophotometrically. The effect of variation of different parameters such as pH, concentration of dye, amount of semiconductor, light intensity and concentration of various inorganic anions has been observed on the rate of reaction. A tentative mechanism of photodegradation for the dyes has been proposed.
6 tables, 17 ref
Johnson T A;Jain N;Joshi H C;Prasad S
014969 Johnson T A;Jain N;Joshi H C;Prasad S (Environmental Sciences Div, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, Email: nivjain@iari.res.in) : Agricultural and agro-processing wastes as low cost adsorbents for metal removal from wastewater. J scient ind Res 2008, 67(9), 647-58.
Study reviews the use of agricultural and agro-processing industry wastes as metal adsorbents from wastewater. Modified materials displayed better adsorption capacity and capability of some was comparable with that of commercial activated carbons and synthetic resins. Agricultural wastes are low-cost adsorbents and can be viable alternatives to activated carbon for treatment of metal-contaminated wastewater.
^iia6 tables, 163 ref
Ismail M;Saha M;Siddiky M N A;Alam M Z;Sharif N
014968 Ismail M;Saha M;Siddiky M N A;Alam M Z;Sharif N (IFRD, Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh, Email: manoranjansaha2005@yahoo.com) : Reaction of xylenes with tert.-butylchloride in presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride. J scient ind Res 2008, 67(5), 371-3.
Reactions of ortho- and meta-xylenes with tert.-butyl chloride in presence of anhydrous AlCl3 as catalyst have been studied. Effects of variation of temperature, molar ratio of xylene to tert.-buiyl chloride, amount of catalyst and reaction time on the reactions have been investigated.
2 tables, 19 ref
Halder G N;Sarkar S C
014967 Halder G N;Sarkar S C (Chemical Engg. Dep, Durgapur Institute of Advanced Technology and Management, G.T. Road, Rajbandh, Dist-Burdwan, Durgapur-713 212, Email: gopinath@yahoo.co.in) : Replacement of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) by natural refrigerants. Indian Sci Cruiser 2008, 22(4), 23-8.
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) have been the subject of worldwide attention due to the stratospheric ozone issue leading to the historic Montreal Protocol, an international agreement on control measures for ozone protection. The ozone layer in the stratosphere, which protects life on earth from the sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation, is getting depleted due to use CFCs and other harmful substances in most of the conventional refrigeration systems. The problem threatens not only human beings, but also the plant and animal kingdom on earth's surface. In view of this alarming problem, replacements of CFCs by eco-friendly refrigerants becomes an urgent necessity. Carbon dioxide, the old refrigerant in its new form, appears to be a viable alternative refrigerant for the future in the context of CFC phase-out and waste gas utilization. Study reports the various possible alternative refrigeration cycles based on carbon dioxide as a natural refrigerant and the current understanding of the role of this refrigerant in environmental protection.
1 table, 18 ref
Farooq S M;Sathaye S;Rao N V
014966 Farooq S M;Sathaye S;Rao N V (University Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai-400 019) : Anticonvulsant activity of milk extract of nuts of Sememcarpus anacardium, Linn.. Adv Pharmac Toxic 2009, 10(1), 67-9.
Semecarpus anacardium, Linn, is reported with varied important activities in traditional system of medicine. In the work, the nuts of S. anacardium extracted with milk (MENSA) were studied for its anticonvulsant potential using Maximal electroshock (MES) model. The nut extract of S. anacardium was prepared by following Siddha method of extraction. Two dose levels of MENSA were used. Seizures were induced in rats by delivering electroshock of 150mA for 0.2 s by means of electroconvulsiometer. Time (seconds) in various phases of convulsions was noted. A decrease in duration of hind-leg extension indicates anticonvulsant activity. MENSA was found to posses anticonvulsant activity against MES-induced convulsions and hence can be used in both tonic and tonic-clonic type of seizures.
1 table, 5 ref
Akcay G;Yurdakoc K
014965 Akcay G;Yurdakoc K (Chemistry Dep, Dicle Univ, Faculty of Art and Sciences, 21280 Diyarbakir, Turkey, Email: gakcay@dicle.edu.tr) : Removal of nicotine and its pharmaceutical derivatives from aqueous solution by raw bentonite and dodecylammonium-bentonite. J scient ind Res 2008, 67(6), 451-4.
Dodecylammonium bentonite (DAB) and bentonite (B) were used as sorbents for nicotine (N), nicotinic acid (NA), iso-nicotinic acid (INA), nicolinic acid hydrazide (NH), and iso-nicotinic acid hydrazide (INH). The obtained data were modeled according to Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich adsorption isotherms. Sorption energy (E) and adsorption capacity (qm) for N and its derivatives adsorbing on DAB and raw B were estimated using Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) equation. Sorption energy of N and its pharmaceutical derivatives on DAB and raw B increased in order of NA <INA <N=INH <NH and INH <NH <N <NA <INA, respectively.
3 tables, 22 ref
Zope D D;Patnekar S G;Kanetkar V R
013880 Zope D D;Patnekar S G;Kanetkar V R (Perfumery and Flavour Technology Centre, Institute of Chemical Techno, Mumbai Univ, N.P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai-400 019) : Octanol based aroma chemicals III Synthesis of dihydrojasmone. Indian Perfumer 2008, 52(1), 60-2.
Novel route for the synthesis of dihydrojasmone has been described starting from 2-octanol via oxidation, Darzen's glycidyl ester condensation, Knoevenagel condensation and cyclisation.
10 ref
Wu S H;Su C H;Shu C M
013879 Wu S H;Su C H;Shu C M (Graduate School of Engineering Science and Technology, National Yunlin Univ of Science and Technology, National Yunlin Univ of Sicence and Technology, 123, Univ RD., Sec.3, Douliou, Yunlin, Taiwan-64002, ROC, Email: shucm@yuntech.edu.tw) : Thermal accident investigation of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide by calorimetric technique. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(2), 487-96.
Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKPO) has highly reactive and unstable exothermal features. In recent years, it has caused many thermal explosion and runaway reaction accidents in manufacturing processes. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), dimethyl phthalate (DMP), and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) were applied to manufacture MEKPO. To prevent casualties from runaway reactions and thermal explosion events from occurring, the goal of the study was to simulate a process for an emergency response. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was employed to integrate thermal hazard development. Results indicated that MEKPO decomposed at lower temperature (30-40°C) and exploded on exponential development. Temperature of no return (TNR), time to maximum rate (TMR), self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT), maximum of temperature (Tmax), etc., were necessary and useful to study emergency response procedure in terms of industrial applications. In view of loss prevention, corporations with reactive chemicals must have an emergency response plan.
5 illus, 4 tables, 14 ref
Varnashree B S;Sowmya;Rao G;Puttaraj S
013878 Varnashree B S;Sowmya;Rao G;Puttaraj S (Studies in Food Science and Nutrition Dep, Mysore Univ, Manasagangothri, Mysore-570 006) : Quality characteristics of ragi (eleucine coracana) based dili. Indian J Nutr Diet 2008, 45(4), 131-7.
6 tables, 12 ref
Toliwal S D;Patel K
013877 Toliwal S D;Patel K (Industrial Chemistry Dep, Institute of Science and Technology for Advanced Studies and Research, Vallabh Vidyanagar-388 120) : Utilization of by-products of oil processing industries for PVC stabilisers. J scient ind Res 2009, 68(3), 229-34.
Epoxidised products from acid oil (AO) and oil recovered from spent bleaching earth (ORSBE) were prepared at 29°C using per acetic acid produced in situ by reacting H2O2 (30% v/v) with various amounts of glacial acetic acid. Ba, Cd, Pb and Zn soaps of epoxidised oils were prepared by metathesis in alcohol solution. Additives retarded dehydrochlorination rate of PVC and markedly reduced unsaturation level in degraded polymer. Chain scission has been found predominant reaction that accompanied dehydrochlorination. Additives reduced average number of chain scission per polymer molecule.
Toliwal S D;Jadav K
013876 Toliwal S D;Jadav K (Industrial Chemistry Dep, Institute of Science and Technology for Advanced Studies and Research, Vallabh Vidyanagar-388 120) : Inhibition of corrosion of mild steel by Phenyl thiosemicarbazides of nontraditional oils. J scient ind Res 2009, 68(3), 235-41.
Thiosemicarbazide of phenyl hydrazides of fatty acids from nontraditional oils (neem, rice bran and karanja) have been synthesized and evaluated as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel (MS) in hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution by weight loss method. Inhibition efficiency of these compounds increases with increase in concentration of the compound, and vary with solution temperature, immersion time and concentration of acid solution.
Tharanitharan V;Srinivasan K
013875 Tharanitharan V;Srinivasan K (Chemistry Dep, Government College of Engineering, Anna University-CBE, Salem-636 011, Email: srini_vasank@hotmail.com) : Removal of Ni(II) from water and wastewater using modified Duolite XAD-761 resin. Indian J chem Technol 2009, 16(3), 245-53.
Complete mixing of cross-linked phenol-formaldehyde polymeric resin (Duolite XAD-761) with anionic surfactant -sodium dioctyl sulphosuccinate (SDOSS) and EDTA-disodium salt (Chelating agent) in an aqueous solution led to the formation of a modified resin. FT-IR studies showed that the immobilization of the extractants results from hydrophobic interaction between the alkyl group of the extractants and phenyl group of the support, and also from other mechanisms like polar or electrostatic forces. The modified resin was used in batch adsorption experiments for the removal of Ni(II) were carried out as a function of agitation time, pH, adsorbent dosage and adsorption capacity. Adsorption data could be interpretated by Langmuir and Freundlich equations. The results showed that the adsorption kinetics of Ni(II) on modified XAD-761 resin could be best described by the pseudo-second-order model. SEM studies revealed the morphological observations of the pure resin, modified resin and Ni(II) adsorbed modified resin.The adsorbent was also tested for the removal of Ni(II) from synthetic wastewater.
Thakkar R;Chudasama U
013874 Thakkar R;Chudasama U (Applied Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The M S University of Baroda, Vadodara-390 001) : Synthesis, characterization and proton transport property of crystalline - zirconium titanium phosphate, a tetravalent bimetallic acid salt. J scient ind Res 2009, 68(4), 312-8.
An advanced inorganic material of the class of tetravalent bimetallic acid (TBMA) salt - zirconium titanium phosphate (ZTP) has been synthesized by sol gel route. ZTP has been characterized for elemental analysis by ICP-AES, FTIR, TGA and X-ray diffraction studies. Ion exchange capacity (IEC) of material was determined and effect of calcination (373-773 K) on IEC studied. Chemical resistivity of material was assessed in acids, bases and organic solvents. Protons present in structural hydroxyl groups in ZTP indicate good potential to exhibit solid-state proton conduction. Proton transport property of ZTP was explored by measuring specific conductance at different temperatures (303-423 K) at 10 K intervals, over a frequency range (1-32 MHz) at a signal level below 1 V. Proton transport properties of zirconium phosphate and titanium phosphate, synthesized and characterized under identical conditions, have been investigated for comparative studies. In all cases, conductivity decreases with increasing temperature. ZTP exhibits enhanced conductance and mechanism of transportation is proposed to be Grotthuss type.
Stoyanova A;Grozeva E
013873 Stoyanova A;Grozeva E (NO, Food Technology Univ, 26 Maritza blvd., 4002, Plovdiv, Bulgaria) : Traditional bulgarian essential oil-bearing raw materials 2. lavender (Lavandula angustifolia mill.). Indian Perfumer 2008, 52(3), 50-5.
A brief review of the research achievements of Bulgarian authors in the obtaining and analysis of the aromatic products derived from oleaginous lavender essential oil, concrete and absolute has been accomplished.
3 tables, 46 ref
Srinivasulu Reddy K;Ranga Janardhana G;Kun K S
013872 Srinivasulu Reddy K;Ranga Janardhana G;Kun K S (NO, JNT Univ, Hyderabad, Email: k.srinivasulureddy@gmail.com) : Canfis model to predict the properties of aluminum silicon eutectic alloy - modified and vibrated during solidification. Mfg Technol Today 2008, 7(7), 17-23.
The effects of modification and vibration during solidification of Aluminum-Silicon eutectic alloy (LM6) are studied and compared with unmodified alloy. Sodium and Strontium are used as modifiers. Horizontal sinusoidal vibration at different frequencies was imposed using a vibration table. It was found that modification treatment improves properties such as ultimate tensile strength (UTS), percentage elongation, hardness, toughness, cutting force, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and optimum values were obtained at 1.5% by weight addition of modifier. Vibration imposed during solidification on the modified alloy further improved the properties at 15 Hz frequency of vibration. Neuro fuzzy model was developed to predict the properties at different percentages of modifiers and different frequencies of vibration. From the studies of sensitivity analysis, it was found that UTS is more sensitive to % modifier and thermal conductivity is more sensitive to frequency of vibration. Similar models were also developed to predict porosity and fatigue strength. The developed models are validated experimentally.
7 illus, 5 tables, 7 ref
Sonawane S;Chaudhari P;Ghodke S;Phadtare S; Meshram S
013871 Sonawane S;Chaudhari P;Ghodke S;Phadtare S; Meshram S (Chemical Engineering Dep, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Bibwewadi, Pune-411 037) : Ultrasound assisted adsorption of basic dye onto organically modified bentonite (nanoclay). J scient ind Res 2009, 68(2), 162-7.
Sonochemical adsorption of basic methylene blue dye (CI 52015) into organophilic bentonite (nanoclay) is explored. Tetrabutyl ammonium chloride (TBAC) modified nanoclay has showed amorphous exfoliated nature, while N-cetyl-N,N,N trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) modified nanoclay has revealed intercalating crystalline nature, as supported by X-ray analysis. Presence of NH2, CH2 groups onto nanoclay platelet is confirmed from FTIR spectrum analysis. In presence of ultrasound, due to decrease in diffusion resistance, both modified nanoclays exhibit higher adsorption due to an easy insertion of dye into clay platelets. Calculated Langmuir adsorption isotherm, Q0 and Langmuir constant 'b' for TBAC modified nanoclay, respectively were 0.34 mg/mg 0.246. Intercalating agent has a significant contribution during overall process.
Singh N L;Srivastava P;Mishra P K
013870 Singh N L;Srivastava P;Mishra P K (Chemical Engineering and Technology Dep, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005) : Studies on ethanol production using immobilized cells of Kluyveromyces thermotolerans in a packed bed reactor. J scient ind Res 2009, 68(7), 617-23.
Optimization of a suitable process for whole cell immobilization of Kluyveromyces thermtolerans in calcium alginate, coconut coir, bagasse, and jute stick for ethanol production in a packed bed bioreactor is presented. Specific ethanol production of immobilized cells for jute stick was maximum. Cell to carrier ratio (9: 10) was optimum.