004081   Rajurkar N S;Pangavhane S M;Patil S F (Chem dep, Univ of Pune, Pune-411 007) : Assessment of physico - chemical characteristics and status of heavy metal concentrations of different irriragation water sources. Indian J envir Prot 2003, 23(3), 266-73.

The paper presents the assessment of physico - chemical quality and status of heavy metal concentrations in different irrigation water sources used in the agricultural fields near industrially developing area around Pune. The results obtained are compared with Recommended maximum concentrations for the heavy metals and Guidelines for physico - chemical characteristics, prescribed by FAO. As the water in the study area is also used for drinking purposes, the results obtained were also compared with teh standards prescribed by WHO, ICMR and BIS for drinking water. The study revealed that the irrigation water quality in the study area is sparingly affected by the industrial development until data, except the most of the heavy metals were found to be exceeding the FAO recommended maximum concentrations for some irrigation water sources. The water quality indices, like, RSC, SAR SI and SSP are also evaluated.

3 illus, 7 tables, 5 ref

004080   Phadnis A M (General Manager (Process), Uhde India Limited, ) : Uhde India's contribution in development of caustic chlorine in India. Process Pl Engng 2004, 20(3), 49-55.

^ssc6 illus, 2 tables

004079   Pal S K;Choudhury P;Sircar S;Ray H S (Central Glass and Ceramic Res Inst, , Kolkata-700 032) : Application of urbain's model for slag systems in the estimation of viscosity of some commercial glasses. Trans Indian Ceramic Soc 2003, 62(4), 213-6.

For the estimation of viscosity of glasses and slags several model equations are generally used, most of which involve three or more empirical constants. The most widely used model for slag systems, proposed by G.Urbain, uses two constants, which are interrelated linearly. Urbain examined data for 54 oxides, silicates and alumino-silicates to establish his model. This paper establishes the validity of Urbain's model for a large number of glasses ranging from binaries, ternaries to more complex systems. The paper also examines the possibility of relating the empirical constants to optical basicity with the ultimate objective of estimation of glass viscosity solely from the composition and optical basicity of the melt.

^iia4 illus, 1 table, 19 ref

004078   Namboodhiri T K G (Dep of Metallurgical Engineering, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005) : Synergism in corrosion: mechanically assisted corrosion. Trans SAEST 2003, 38(4), 143-7.

There are several instances of synergistic action in corrosion of metals. Hydrogen embrittlement and erosion-corrosion, where mechanical stresses and corrosion act simultaneously, are two of these processes. Their characteristics are outlined and some recent results in micro alloyed steels are given. Hydrogen was found to cause loss in tensile ductility and delayed failure and they were found to be susceptible to velocity-assisted corrosion in a 3.5% NaCI solution. Exposure to flowing corrodent leads to more than an order of magnitude increase in corrosion rate as compared to the rates observed in stayionary corrodent. Plastic deformation and heat treatments affect the susceptibility of these steels to hydrogen embrittlement and velocity-assisted corrosion.

7 illus, 4 tables, 11 ref

004077   Nagarajan P;Ramachandramoorthy T;Raja R E; Kavitha B;Sivaraj C;Srinivasan R (P G and Res Dep Chem, Bishop Heber Coll, Tiruchirapalli-620 017) : . Indian J envir Prot 2003, 23(3), 304-8.

The study area selected for fluoride analysis was Salem District. From 21 villages 50 water samples were collected and analysed for water parameters, like temperature, pH, alkalinity, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, total solids, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, fluoride, and phosphate. The maximum fluoride, ion concentration was found to be 1.6 ppm and a minimum of 0.1 ppm. Defluoridation was also carried out by using lignite, rice husk and rice husk powder by varying pH concentration of fluoride, weight of the absorbent and time intervals. A better result was obtained after 120 min at pH 6 by using lignite.

3 illus, 3 tables, 7 ref

004076   Maiti K N (Central Glass & Ceramic Res Inst, Naroda Centre, 168 & 169 Naroda Industrial Estate Ahmedabad-382 330) : Technological innovations in traditional ceramics with emphasis on production of sanitarywares in international and Indian scenario. Trans Indian Ceramic Soc 2003, 62(4), 229-37.

The trend in International manufacturing and marketing of traditional ceramic products is positive because of innovative techniques and continuous evolution of processes and products. In this article, special emphasis has been made to review the technological innovations taken place in the production of Sanitarywares in the International and Indian scenario.

^iia3 illus, 4 tables

004075   Kumar K V;Bhagavanulu D V S (P G Dep Civil Engng, Vellore Institute of Technol (Deemed Univ, Vellore-624 014) : A new model to predict film transfer constant during the adsorption of basic dye onto bio-organic waste. Indian J envir Prot 2003, 23(4), 388-91.

A new model is developed to calculate the film transfer constant during the adsorption of basic dye onto bio-organic waste (cow dung ash) particles. The film transfer cosntant was measured at different initial concentrations. The kinetic of dye sorption was satistactorily explained by the new model. Film transfer constant were found to decrease with increase in initial concentration.

3 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

004074   Krishnarao R V;Subrahmanyam J (Defence Metallurgical Res Lab, , Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad-500 058) : Formation of boron carbide whiskers and plateletes. Trans Indian Ceramic Soc 2003, 62(4), 217-21.

Boron carbide (B₄C) whiskers and platelets have been synthesized via carbothermal reduction of B₂O₃. Carbon black and B₂O₃ were used as raw materials. K₂CO₃ and NiCl₂ were used to facilitate the growth of whiskers and platelets. The formation of B₄C was studied in the temperature range of 940° to 1500°C in 1-atm argon. Whiskers and platelets of different sizes formed at 1200° - 1500°C. Thin B₄C whiskers formed were electron-transparent. The best result was obtained at 1500°C.

^ssc6 illus, 21 ref

004073   Khan B;Gupta P;Jala S;Goyal D (Biotechnol and Envir Sci, Thapar Inst of Engng and Technol, (Deemed Univ), Patiala-147 004) : Flyash as an adsorbent for textile dyes from aqueous solution. Indian J envir Prot 2003, 23(4), 415-8.

Flyash is a solid waste generated as a result of combustion of coal and is of 3 types, ESP ash (electrostatic precipitator ash), bottom ash and pond ash. Decolorisation of 2 triphenylmethane dyes (crystal violet and malachite green) and one azo dye (congo red) was tried using ESP flyash in batch and column mode Decolorization of 20 ppm of crystal violet and 100 ppm of malachite green occurred to the extent of 86% and 84%, respectively in batch mode. In columns packed with flyash, 100 ppm of inlet solution of congo red was decolorized by 84% at a flow rate of 2.0 mL/hr/cm³ of packed bed column. When flyash was mixed with activated charcoal in the ratio of 8:2, almost complete decolorization of dye solution was observed and the heavy metal content in the resulting colorless effluent was within the permissible limits. This suggested that a combination of flyash and activated charcoal can lead to replacement of nearly *0% of activated charcoal, which can be a direct saving in operation costs along with gainful utilization of flyash.

1 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

004072   Keshavarz M H;Pouretedal H R (Chem Dep, Malek-ashtar Univ of Technol, Shahin-shahr P O Box 83145/115, Islamic Republic of Iran) : Predicting detonation velocity of ideal and less ideal explosives via specific impulse. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2004, 11(5), 429-32.

A novel method is given to estimate the detonation velocity of mostly ideal and less ideal composition explosives. This method is based on the utilization of theoretical specific impulse of the explosve, which can be designated as a monopropellant, a loading density. The simple empirical equation in calculating the detonation velocity has the form: D_cj = 1.453I_spρ_o + 1.98, where D_cj is the chapman-Jouguet detonation velocity, I_sp in the specific impulse and ρo is the initial density. Calculated detonation velocity by this procedure shows good agreement with respect to measured detonation velocity.

1 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

004071   Kannan N;Karthikeyan G;Vallinayagam P; Tamilselvan N (Chem Dep, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal Coll, Sivakasi-626 124) : Characterisation of industrial wastewater from textile industry - a case study. Indian J envir Prot 2003, 23(4), 396-402.

Phsico-chemical characteristics of effluents from a textile mill have been analysed. The average data of water quality parameters (W1Ps) are presented. The pH of the effluent was found to be either alkaline or acidic with high values of EC, TSS, TDS, hardness, COD and BOD and also for phosphate, sodium, magnesium and iron. All values are above the tolerance limit prescribed by BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards). The suitability of textile effluent for irrigation purpose has been analysed in terms of sodium absorption ratio (SAR), percent sodium (PS), Kelly's ratio (KR) and magnesium ratio (MR). The effluent not only contains rich organic compounds as evidenced by high COD values (average = 3517.3 mg/L) that enhance the growth of plants but also toxic heavy metals, like iron. It is found to be highly polluted. It is, therefore, essential to treat the effluent, before discharge to sustain the aquatic environment.

2 tables, 21 ref

004070   Joashi P (Design & Development, Engineers Combine, , Mumbai) : are you consuming more power? conservation of energy in industrial pumping system. Process Pl Engng 2004, 20(3), 99-101.

^iia3 illus, 3 tables,

004069   Jeyakumar T;Indira S;Arasu P T (Chem Dep, Coll of Engng, Tiruchendur-628 215) : Status of ground water quality and public health around Tiruchendur. Indian J envir Prot 2003, 23(3), 256-60.

In the study attempts are made to known the ground water quality and public health around coastal area of Tiruchendur, Tamil Nadu. Several sampling stations were analyzed for physico-chemical parameters, such as pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulphate, fluoride, nitrate, BOD, COD and total hardness. The results are compared with standards of WHO, ICMR, IS. Because of lack of water quality, local people are frequently affected by different diseases.

3 tables, 13 ref

004068   Eppler R (Eppler Associates, , 400 Cedar Lane, Cheshire CT 06410-2222 (USA)) : Putting colour into glazes in enamels. Trans Indian Ceramic Soc 2003, 62(4), 181-91.

Present a survey of several ways colour can be introduced into ceramic coatings. The benefits and limitations of solution of colours and the several classes of pigments, including opacifiers, are discussed.

11 illus, 2 tables, 29 ref

004067   Dayasagar I (Executive Director (Engg) &Member of the Board, Uhde India Limited, ) : Uhde GmbH - technology portfolio. Process Pl Engng 2004, 20(3), 40-8.

^iia2 tables

004066   Chunodkar D B (General Manager (Proposals), Uhde India Limited, , ) : Safety considerations for cryogenic storage terminals. Process Pl Engng 2004, 20(3), 59-60.

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004065   Choudhary S;Goyal M (Foods Dep and Nutrition, College of Home Sci, Rajasthan Agric Univ, Bikaner) : Nutritional composition of phog (Calliogonum polygonoides): a potential arid food in Rajasthan. Curr Agric 2003, 27(1-2), 53-5.

Various fruits and vegetable spices are known to provide food security to the people in the arid zone of north-east India. Among various available arid foods, analysis for nutritional composition and organoleptic evaluation of phog (Calliogonum polygonoides) products was carried out. The phog seeds were found to contain 6.05 g protein, 11.81 g fat, 15.73 g fibre, 57.31 g carbohydrate, 359.73 k cal energy, 3.52 mg iron, 211 mg calcium, 427 mg phosphorus, 75.05 mg sodium, 271 mg potassium and 4.30 mg vitamin C on dry weight basis. Phog products like spicy vegetable, parantha, raita, kadi and simple vegetable were also standardized having 3.41 to 4.63 overall mean acceptability scores on five point scale.

1 illus, 2 tables, 2 ref

004064   Chaudhuri T;De A;Biswas P K (Central Glass and Ceramic Res Inst, , Kolkata-700 032) : Development of sol-gel fluorine doped tin oxide film on glass. Trans Indian Ceramic Soc 2003, 62(4), 208-12.

Conductive and transparent thin films of F-doped SnO₂ were deposited on soda lime silica glass by utilizing the sol-gel dipping technique. The chosen composition of Sn: F in the precursor sol was in the range 99: 1 to 97 : 3 (atomic ratio). The developed films (thickness 0.1 - 0.8 μm; refractive index 1.6-2.o) were of cassiterite SnO₂ phase. Resistivity of the films was V-type with increase of F content and passed through a minimum at Sn: F=97.5: 2.5. Visible transmission (89%-50%) of the films was dependent on film thickness and its refractive index. Microstructure of the films indicated porous surface feature.

^ssc8 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref

004063   Bhattacharyya D;sinhamahapatra M;Biswas S; Goswami A (Animal Products Technol & Marketing Dep, West Bengal Univ of Animal & Fishery Sci, Kolkata-700 037) : Quality assessment of duck sausage prepared from nonprime cuts of spent duck. Indian J Anim Hlth 2003, 2(2), 145-50.

A study was conducted to assess the quality of duck sausage prepared by using nonprime cuts (neck, wing, back and organ meats) of spent ducks. The sausages were analyzed for pH, proximate composition, emulsion stability, TPC, TBA values and sensory qualities. There were significant differences between raw and cooked sausages in terms of pH, protein, fat and TPC. The proximate composition, TPC, TBA values and emulsion stability were within normal range. The results of sensory evaluation showed that the sausages were acceptable and nonprime cuts of duck carcasses could be utilized in sausage preparation.

2 tables, 22 ref

004062   Bhakta C D;Patel D D;Bavadiya A H;Kapadia P M (Gujarat Narmada Valley Fertilizers Co. Ltd, , Bharuch) : De-bottlenecking of ammonia absorption tower in urea plant. Process Pl Engng 2004, 20(3), 66-8.

^iia1 illus

004061   Banerjee B;Samsuddin A K;Prasad R (PDIL, , Sindri) : Technological upgradation in the rear end of coal based fertilizer plant, including utility front. Process Pl Engng 2004, 20(3), 70-4.

Highlights paper different important developments which should be considered for the rear end of any future coal-based fertilizer plant comprising of ammonia - synthesis, recovery and storage and urea plant. Consideration for Ruthenium Catalyst for ammonia synthesis, improved converter configuration, optimisation of process parameters have been discussed. Stress has been given to use best available moving machineries and efficient use of steam. Important energy saving steps for Urea Plant have been pointed out, which should be considered for new coal based project. Important considerations for steam and power generation for new coal based fertilizer plant has been described in detail. Possibility of agglomeration of IGCC, HRSG, GAS -Turbine, Coal - Washery with rejects utilisation in fluidised bed combustion unit for steam and power generation in a coal based Ammonia-Urea complex has been discussed.

^ssc

004060   Banerjee B;Samsuddin A K;Prasad (PDIL, , ) : Feedstock scenario and technology for future coal based ammonia plant. Process Pl Engng 2004, 20(3), 78-90.

Review the present feedstock scenario of Indian Fertilizer Industry and highlighted the alarming position of Petroleum feedstock availability and uncertainty about the supply of LNG and Natural Gas from Iran and Bangladesh. There is all probability of withdrawal of HBJ gas from fertilizer sector to power sector in near future. Under the present circumstance, only alternative is to accept Coal as the available feedstock for future fertilizer plants in India. In future perspective, when light hydrocarbons may not be available to fertilizer industry as feedstock, all technical know-how and experience for Energy Conservation measures and Environmental Protection of present fertilizer plants (based on light hydrocarbons) will be kept aside. Hence fresh study will be required for coal based fertilizer to have good technology for energy conservation techniques and environmental protection measures. Deals with PDIL a capability and conception about the available technology for front end of any new coal based fertilizer factory.

^ssc5 tables, 35 ref

003027   The Procter & Gamble Co (NO, , One Procter and Gamble Plaza, Cincinnati, State of Ohio, USA) : Method of making an absorbent core. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

003026   The Chief Controller Research & Development (NO, , Ministry of Defence, Government of India, New Delhi) : Process for manufacture of flexible sheet explosive based on hydroxy terminated poly-butadiene. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

003025   The Chief Controller Research & Development (NO, , Ministry of Defence, Govt. of India, New Delhi) : Process for preparation of S-2(2-aminoethylamino) ethyl phenyl sulphide dihydrochloride. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

003024   Steel Authority of India Ltd (NO, , Ispat Bhawan, Lodi Road, New Delhi-110 003) : Improved process for producing low-alkali Fe-Mn slag from a relatively high-alkali Fe-Mn waste slag by means of bacteria. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

003023   Societe Des Produits Nestle (NO, , P.O. Box 353, 1500 Vevey, Switzerland) : Process for preparing a heat-stable oil & water emulsion sauce. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

003022   Seagram Manufacturing Ltd (NO, , 303, Manasrovar, 30, Nehru Place-110 019) : Process for production of probiotic formulation. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

003021   Sanjai Saxena (NO, , D-9/B, MIG Flats, Mayapuri, New Delhi-110 064) : Process for the preparation of a herbicide. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

003020   Praxair Technology, Inc (NO, , 39, Old Ridgebury Road, Danbury, State of Connecticut 06810-5113, USA) : Method for producing high pressure nitrogen and pressure oxygen. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

003019   Pfizer Products Inc (NO, , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA) : Process for the preparation of quinoxalinecarb oxylic acid. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

003018   Novozymes A/B (NO, , DK-2880 Bagsvard, Denmark) : Method of producing wool or animal hair material with improved properties. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

003017   Moltech Invent S A (NO, , 69-70, Boulevard de la Petrusse, L-2320 Luxembourg, Italy) : Electrolytic cell for the electrowinning of aluminium. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

003016   Mitsui Chemicals Inc (NO, , 2-5, Kasumigaseki 3-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100, Japan) : Process for olefin polymerization. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

003015   Man Gutehoffnungshutte Aktiengesellschaft (NO, , Bahnhofstrasse 66 46145 Oberhausen, Germany) : Twin-shell arc furnace for producing steel. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

003014   Istituto Biologico Chemioterapico SPA (NO, , Via Crescentino 25, 1-10154, Torino, Italy) : Method of preparing 4-alkyl-3-alkoxyaniline. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

003013   Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd (NO, , 1-27, Ameerpet, Hyderabad-500 016) : Improved process for the preparation of docetaxel. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

003012   Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Limited (NO, , 7-127, Ameerpet, Hyderabad-500 016) : Improved process for the preparation of 5-[4-[2-(N-methyl-N-(2-pyridyl) amino) ethoxy]-benzyl]-2, 4-thiaxolidinedioneone maleate (rosiglitazone maleate). 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

003011   Department of Science & Technology (NO, , Technology Bhavan, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi-16) : Process for preparing the acyclic chiral triester. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

003010   Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (NO, , Rafi Marg, New Delhi-110 001) : Process for isolation of peridininol from zoanthus sp. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

003009   Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (NO, , Rafi Marg, New Delhi-110 001) : Process for the preparation of pyrido (17,15-B) steroids useful as potential anticancer agents. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

003008   Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (NO, , Rafi Marg, New Delhi-110 001) : Process for the preparation of purified penicillin G acylase. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

003007   Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (NO, , Rafi Marg, New Delhi-110 001) : Improved process for the preparation of Tachypleus amoebocyte lysate (Tal) useful for the detection of pyrogens in vitro. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

003006   Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (NO, , Rafi Marg, New Delhi-110 001) : Improved process for the isomenisation of eugenol to isoeugenol. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

003005   Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (NO, , Rafi Marg, New Delhi-110 001) : Improved process for the synthesis of 5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1H - tetrazole. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

003004   Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (NO, , Rafi Marg, New Delhi-110 001) : Improved process for preparation of 2-pyridyl-2, 8-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4-quinoline ketone. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

003003   Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (NO, , Rafi Marg, New Delhi-110 001) : Chemoenzymatic process for the stereoselective preparation of R and S enantiomers of 3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanenitrile. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

003002   Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (NO, , Rafi Marg, New Delhi-110 001) : Process for the preparation of novel 6-[(cycloalkylphenyl) vinyl]-1,,2,4-trioxanes, useful as antimalarial agents. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

003001   Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (NO, , Rafi Marg, New Delhi-110 001) : Improved process for the preparation of acyl heteroaromatic compounds. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

003000   Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (NO, , Rafi Marg, New Delhi-110 001) : Improved process for the preparation of arteethers from dihydroartemisinin. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).