002054   Singh A;Singh J;Samsher;Singh Y;Shalini (Agricultural Engineering and Food Technology Dep, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut-250 110, Email: mailankitsingh@yahoo.com) : Review on ber drying by different methods with pretreatments. Ann Biol 2016, 32(1), 78-85.

The study of this research, dehydrated her powder, was prepared by different drying conditions with pretreatments. Drying is the moisture removing process from the products. Drying reduces the bacterial growth in the products. It is helpful for preserving the products for long time. Ber is commonly consumed fresh. Many studies have shown the health benefits of her. Dehydration'process was carried out using a cabinet tray dryer, solar dryer, open sun drying methods with same thickness of her slices at different temperature of cabinet tray dryer, solar dryer and open sun drying according to atmosphere temperature conditions. The her slices were treated by dipping in the solution of potassium metabisulphite and sodium benzoate (1 : 4 ratios) for 15 min and distilled water for 15 min (control). The effect of three pre-drying treatments on quality of cabinet dried her powder was analyzed by determining moisture content, rehydration ratio, dehydration ratio, overall drying rate, total sugar, acidity, pH, optical density, vitamin-C and sensory analysis. The drying process was done at temperature of 50, 60 and 70°C for cabinet tray dryer at bone drying conditions then after was grinded in grinder. All samples were packed in LDPE and glass jars at room temperature condition.

44 ref

002053   Rathi B;Rani V (Foods and Nutrition Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: varshadangi@gmail.com ) : Dietary intake and food adequacy ratio of rural and urban adolescents of Gurgaon, Haryana. Ann Biol 2016, 32(1), 97-103.

This study was aimed at assessing the dietary intake of adolescents of 13-17 years of age and comparing their dietary intake gender-wise and area-wise. Total 220 adolescents were selected from Laxmi Senior Secondary School, Rathiwas, Gurgaon (rural) and Rao Lai Singh Public School, Sidhrawali, Gurgaon (urban) randomly. The information on dietary intakes was collected using 24-h recall method and average daily food intakes were compared with the recommended dietary intakes (RDIs) (NIN, 2010). Daily mean intake of cereals, pulses, green leafy vegetables, roots and tubers, other vegetables, fruits & fats and oils was significantly lower than their respective RDIs, whereas the daily mean intake of sugar and jaggery was found more than their respective RDIs in the diets of both the male and female adolescents of both the age groups. The rural adolescents had significantly higher (P<60>0.05) consumption of cereals, whereas the urban adolescents had significantly higher (P<60>0.05) consumption of pulses, fats & oils, GLVs and sugar and jaggery. The boys had significantly higher (P<60>0.05) consumption of cereals, pulses, fats & oils, roots and tubers, other vegetables and sugar and jaggery.

2 illus, 4 tables, 24 ref

002052   Pawankumar S;Pardhikar S;Pramanik H (NO, , ) : Electrooxidation study of acetic acid at low temperature in membrane less microfluidic fuel cell for protable power application. J Modern Chem chem Technol 2016, 7(1), 58-66.

The global energy crisis due to dependence on fossil fuel and its limited reserves followed by environmental pollution are the key concerns to the research communities. However, recently developed micro-fluidic fuel cells using hydrogen-rich fuels are most likely to replace the batteries, due to their compactness, high efficiency and simplicity in operation. In this context, the PtxSn/C (where, x=1, 3, 5) electrode-catalysts were prepared and the electro-oxidation of acetic acid was investigated on most active Pt3Sn/C anode. The prepared electrode-catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The Y-shaped micro-fluidic fuel cell was fabricated with help of CNC machine on perspex sheet. The anode and cathode were prepared using Pt3Sn/C and Pt/C (Alfa Aesar, USA) respectively, with electrode-catalyst loading of 1 mg/cm2 in both the electrodes. Acetic acid solutions of 1, 1.5 and 2 M concentrations were used as fuel at anode. 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 M H₂SO₄ solutions were used as electrolytes. The oxidants at the cathode were 1, 2 and 3 M solutions of H₂O₂. The open circuit voltage (OCV) was measured at different flow rates of anode (acetic acid+H₂SO₄) and cathode (H₂O₂+H₂SO₄) mixtures. The maximum OCV of 0.13 V was obtained for 2 M acetic acid mixed with 0.2 M H₂SO₄. The maximum power density of 0.036 mW/cm2 at current density of 0.47 mA/cm2 was obtained for 1.5 M acetic acid at the anode and 2 M H₂O₂ as oxidant in 0.2 M H₂SO₄ at the cathode. The optimum flow rates of anode and cathode side were found to be 1.125 ml/min for OCV of 0.118 V.

002051   Pathak A;Chakraborti S K;Das R;Mandal M K (Seed Science and Technology Dep, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viwasavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia-741 252, Email: animeshpathak88@gmail.com ) : Storage life enhancement of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Envir Ecol 2015, 33(3A), 1377-81.

An experiment was carried out to find out the storge life enhancement of wheat during 2011 to 2012. The experiment was conducted in factorial randomized block design (RED) with five treatments and three replications. We included nine different genotypes to find out a total information regarding seed storage behavior, best seed storage materials and best seed treatment to enhance the storage life of those crops. The reduction of germination percentage after one year of storage varied from 6 to 20%. In T0Vp where the germination percentage was reduced o 70% after one year of storage, the treatments like T₁, T₄ and T₃ prevent the germination percentage from decreasing and preserve them at 78%, 77% and 76%. So to preserve germination percentage at a higher level mid-storage seed treatment with tannic acid was found to be set.

5 tables, 8 ref

002050   Parveen K;Khatkar B S (Food Technology Dep, Guru Jambheshwar Univ of Science & Technology, Hisar-125 001) : Preparation of aonla supplemented mix fruit jam. Ann Agri Bio Res 2016, 21(1), 77-8.

Aonla (Emblica officinalis), being a rich source of ascorbic acid and total polyphenol, is regarded as an important health fruit. In the present investigation, an attempt was made to develop aonla supplemented mix fruit jam. Aonla pulp was incorporated within the ratio 15, 20 and 30% to prepare mix fruit jam. Mix fruit jam supplemented with 15% aonla pulp was selected on the basis of sensory analysis. Samples were stored in sterilized glass jars and evaluated chemically for ascorbic acid, acidity, pH, total soluble solids, total polyphenol content and total sugar. Mix fruit jam was observed to be good source of ascorbic acid. Total polyphenol could be used in diet.

3 tables, 8 ref

002049   Pandey L;Sangwan V (Food and Nutrition Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: lxpnduat1111@gmail.com) : Total and available mineral contents of wheat-sorghum-soybean flour blend sevs. Ann Biol 2016, 32(1), 94-6.

There was a significant improvement in mineral content of value-added sevs. It is recommended that value-added products developed from wlieat-sorgttnm-soybean flour blends at 40 : 40 :20 which are rich in minerals (iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus) and have higher in vitro availability (calcium and zinc) should be commercialized and promoted for use among population through on-going nutrition intervention programmes like mid day meal programme. It will be best for growing.children and those suffering from deficiency diseases like iron deficiency.

2 tables, 15 ref

002048   Pandey L;Sangwan V (Foods and Nutrition Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: lxpnduat1111@gmail.com) : Nutritional composition of value added cake development from newly released wheat varieties : a comparative study. Ann Agri Bio Res 2016, 21(1), 79-82.

Wheat flour sev can be prepared by substituting with sorghum and soybean flour at 40 : 40 : 20 level of substitution. It was observed that newly released wheat variety, WH-1129 was nutritionally and organoleptically superior to others. Hence, it was recommended that value added products developed from wheat-sorghum-soybean flour blends which are rich in minerals (iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus) and have higher in vitro availability (calcium and zinc) should be commercialized and promoted for use among populations through on-going nutrition intervention programmes like mid day meal programme.

3 illus, 18 ref

002047   Panchal I;Garg M K;Sharma D K;Duhan D;Panwar K;Yadav K (Processing and Food Engineering Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: indupanchal33@gmail.com) : Optimization of process parameters for the preparation of Tofu for maximum production and quality. Ann Agri Bio Res 2016, 21(1), 86-91.

In this study, process parameters were optimized to prepare tofu in commercial production unit. It was prepared using different combinations of process parameters, namely, bean to water ratios viz., 1:5,1:6 and 1 : 7, steam pressure viz., 0.75, 1.1 and 1.4 kg/cm^{2 and cqagulants like citric acid, magnesium chloride and calcium chloride. The maximum yield of tofu of 240 g per litre of soymilk with good texture and white colour was obtained using 1 : 5 bean to water ratio at 0.75 kg/ cm2 steam pressure with citric acid as a coagulant. Maximum protein of 8.5% was found in 1 : 5 bean to water ratio at 0.75 kg/cm2 steam pressure with magnesium chloride as coagulant. Maximum percentage of fat i. e. 4.5 was obtained at 1 : 5 bean to water ratio and 1.4 kg/cm2 steam pressure using calcium chloride as coagulant. pH of tofu varied from 5.21 to 6.52 in all treatments. Further, shelf life of tofu was one day under ambient condition and 14 days under refrigerated conditions.}

1 illus, 7 tables, 17 ref

002046   Kumari S;Dikshit S C S;Singh P K (Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, Email: 1107shikha@gmail.com) : Impact of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy on value added snacks of coarse grains. Asian J Bio Sci 2016, 11(1), 232-4.

The present study was carried out with the objective to prepare Pua, Thalipeeth, Laddo and Gatta by incorporating bajra flour and soya flour, to assess the qualitative analysis elements content by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy. In control, no addition of soya flour and bajra flour was done while in case of experimental treatments T, T₂ and T₃, soya flour was added at 10 per cent, 20 per cent and 30 per cent levels, respectively. In all experimental treatments, 10 per cent bajra flour was kept constant. Each treatment was replicated five times. On the basis of findings, it was concluded that in case of Pua and Thalipeeth, T₁ (10%) was found to be best in terms of colour and appearance, body and texture, taste and flavour- and overall acceptability. In case of Laddo, T₂(20%) was best in body and texture, taste and flavour while T₃(30%) was found to be best in terms of colour and appearance and overall acceptability. Control of Gatta was best with regards to colour and appearance while T₂ (20%) was best in body and texture, taste and flavour and overall acceptability. Elements detected from LIBS spectra for the developed products were carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, iron, sodium and magnesium. Hence, it can be concluded that upto 20 per cent soya flour can be successfully incorporated in the prepared products.

4 illus, 7 ref

002045   Kavya D;Kukanoor L;Yathisha S M (Post Harvest Technology Dep, K. R. C. College of Horticulture, Arabhavi, Email: kavyahortico@gmail.com) : Preparation and storage of custard apple ready-to-serve (RTS) beverage. Envir Ecol 2016, 34(1), 1-4.

Custard apple RTS was prepared by maintaining three levels 10. 12 and 14% TSS and 0.1% acidity. Physico-chemical and sensory qualities were studied for a period of 3 months at month intervals. TSS increased gradually during the storage. Retention of acidity and ascorbic acid was noticed during the storage. Lightness (L) values decreased with storage period. Color and overall acceptability decreased with the storage but many treatments observed good overall acceptability scores in the storage period. Pulp (10%) + TSS (15°B) were highly acceptable until the end of 3 months.

2 tables, 5 ref

002044   Kajla P;Sharma A (Food Technology Dep, Guru Jambheshwar Univ of Science & Technology, Hisar-125 001, Email: kajlapriyanka@yahoo.com) : Processing effect of nutrient composition of flaxseed varieties. Ann Biol 2016, 32(1), 86-9.

In the present study, four flaxseed varieties, namely, JLS-6, JLS-9, JL-23 and JL-27 were subjected to different processing treatments viz., germirtation, roasting, steaming, autoclaving, soaking, soaking & steaming, soaking & autoclaving and defatting. Among all the processing treatments, roasting and germination were found to significantly affect the nutritional composition of all the varieties in comparison to other treatments.

3 tables, 10 ref

002043   Joshi V;Godara A K;Shehrawat P S;Gondkar S (Extension Education Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: visterjoshiniap@gmail.com) : Existing status of food processing units in Haryana. Ann Agri Bio Res 2015, 20(2), 256-8.

The study was conducted on 160 entrepreneurs engaged in food processing industries in Karnal, Sonipat, Gurgaon and Yamunanagar districts bf Haryana. Food processing industries were considered as sunrise sector in the state but the existing situation of units was found appreciable. To understand the status of existing units, survey was done with the help of interview schedule and found that majority of food processing units were being run on sole proprietorship basis at non-approved sites which entrepreneurs felt not suitable for their units. Also, the untimely availability of raw material caused problem in running their units. Lack of basic communication facilities, transportation facilities and quality control measures affected the smooth management in the units. Thus, government must ensure the adequate facilities to these units to sustain food processing sector in the state.

1 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

002042   Devender R;Kailash J G;Ramakrishna H (Botany Dep, College of Science Univ, Osmania Univ, Hyderabad-500 007, Email: hrkpalebot@gmail.com) : Microscopical analysis of Apis dorsata and Apis cerana honeys from Southern Telangana state. Adv Pl Sci 2016, 29(1), 27-33.

The paper incorporates qualitative and quantitative palynoanalysis of 3 honey samples of Apis dorsata (M-Sd-Ad-1) and Apis cerana (W-M-Ac-2 and H-H-Ac-3) to recorded the bee forage plants from Shadnagar of Mahaboobnagar district, Mahaboobabad of Warangal district(W-M-Ac-2) and Osmania University of Hyderabad district(H-H-Ac-S) in southern part of Telangana state. Adorsatahoney (M-Sd-Ad-1) is identified as multiftoral with Prosopisjuliflora (35.72%), Borassusflabellifer(18.27%), Ageratum conyzoides (12.23%), Echinops echinatus (10.60%), Sesamum indicum (8.97%), Aegle marmelos (2.77%), Ziziphus mauritiana (2.44%), Cajanus cajan (1.95%), Blumea sp. (1.79%), Croton banplandianus (1.46%), Cucumis melo (1.14%), Vernonia cinerea (0.81%), Ricinus communis (0.81%), Phaseolus trilobus(0.65%) and Peltophorum pterocarpum(0,32%) while A.cerana honey samples were unifloral with Prosopis cineraria (56.22%) in W-M-Ac2 and Leucaena leucocephala (69.08%) inH-H-Ac- 3 as predominant pollen type.

2 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

002041   Chaudhary C;Reena Devi;Yadav B S (Centre of Food Science & Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: charulgoyal112@gmail.com) : Effect of storage on organoleptic acceptability of red wine prepared from Jamun (Syzygium cuminii (L.) Skeels) fruits. Ann Agri Bio Res 2015, 20(2), 286-90.

Fruit wines represent a class of low alcoholic, richly flavoured safe and nutritious beverage. A wide variety of fruit wines is today commercially available all over the world. In India, significant amount of work for wine making from m Jnor fruits such asjamun is underway because of the importance of this fruit from therapeutic point of view. Jamun is among the fruits with the highest content of phenolic compounds which have antioxidant property. Phenolic compounds are known to give' wine a typical aroma, colour and flavour characteristics of a particular fruit. The present investigation was conducted with the objective to study the effect of storage on the organoleptic quality of wine prepared from jamun. During study three different wine yeast strains viz., Sachharomyces cerevisiae 3304 (I), 4787 (II) and 3604 (HI) were first screened at 7.5% inoculum level and fermentation temperature 25°C for their ability to produce wine using jamun juice with respect to alcohol production. It was observed that the strain n produced more alcohol (11.3%) as compared to strain I (10.0%) and strain HI (9%). Wine thus prepared was evaluated for phenolic content and observed that phenol content was significantly affected in case of wine obtained from strain I (60 to 20 mg/100 ml) and n (40 to 26 mg/100 ml) as compared to wine obtained from strain HI (59-52 mg/100 ml) during storage of two months. The overall acceptability of wine increased from 69 to 81.6 with storage due to the reduction of phenolic compounds which are responsible for astringency of jamun wine.

2 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref

002040   Chandra O;Chaubey K (Zoology Dep, Govt. V.Y.T.O.G., Autnomous College, Durg, Chhattisgarh) : Proximate analysis of nutritive value of edible mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) collected from villages of Durg district Chhattisgarh, India. Adv Pl Sci 2016, 29(1), 9-12.

The nutritional value of edible mushroom (Volvareilla volvacea) were analyzed, which forms a part of the food culture of the local community settled in the villages of Durg district in Chhattisgarh. Young and matured carpophore of edible mushrooms was collected from different locations in the selected villages of Durg district. These mushrooms were analyzed for proximate analysis of nutritional values. The macro nutrient profiles in general revealed that the edible mushrooms were rich sources of protein and carbohydrates and had a low amount of fat. The results showed that the sample contained appreciable amount of essential nutrients. For this sample, local and vernacular names were noted. Hence, these nutrient contents revealed that mushroom were low energy, healthy food and may be used as a protein supplementary diet.

2 tables, 22 ref

002039   Bishnoi J P;Gehlot R;Siddiqui S (Centre of Food Science and Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: uohjyoti@gmail.com) : Effect of different pretreatments on physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of aonla (Phyllanthus emblica L.) fruit pulp. Ann Biol 2016, 32(1), 90-3.

The study was jjerformed to evaluate physico-chemical characteristics of fresh aonla fruit cultivar Chakaiya; simultaneously effect of 12 pretreatments on physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of aonla fruit pulp were also studied. Data showed that average fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight, pulp weight and seed weight were 29.94 mm, 36.70 mm, 32.14 g, 94.12% and 5.88%, respectively. The moisture content, total soluble solid (TSS), total sugars, reducing sugars, crude fibre, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, pectin, total phenols and non-enzymatic browning (NEB) were found to be 85.40%, 11.92%, 8.52%, 5.68%, 1.83%, 1.77%, 494 mg/100 g, 0.58%, 2.92 mg/g and 0.036, respectively. Aonla pulp obtained from pretreatment T₅ (blanching in 2% brine solution+2% alum solution+0.2% KMS solution) was found to be the best and had maximum TSS (11.1%), ascorbic acid (365 mg/100 g), total phenols (2.1 mg/g) and overall acceptability score (8.0), and minimum non-enzymatic browning (0.029).

5 tables, 16 ref

002038   Banerjee S;Sunil Kumar;Mandal A;Naiya T K (NO, , ) : Selection and preparation of solvent for wax dissolution in heavy crude oil wells. J Modern Chem chem Technol 2016, 7(1), 50-7.

Remedial measures for wax deposition problems in production wells are very hectic due to production down time and expenditure required for removal of heavy and waxy crude oil. Chemical treatment techniques with solvent formulation derived from many laboratory experiments were carried out with the waxy crude oil sample to recover the solidified wax inside the pipelines and wellbores. A list of chemical solvents including three dispersants was mixed in different volumetric compositions to study the solubility of the crude oil. The solvent mixture with optimum solubility among them was identified and suggested for further experiments on a laboratory prototype to measure the production rate at different temperatures ranging from the pour point of crude oil to 90°C. A conclusion was established for the best mixture of solvents for wax dissolution based on availability, toxicity, flammability and other major contributing factors.

001005   Zgonnik P V;Shakhparonova T S;Chernyaev V A (General and Physical Chemistry Dep, National Mineral Resources Univ, (Mining University), 2, 21st Line, Saint Peterburg, 199106, Russian Federation) : Effect of polyurethane production temperature on its oil absorbtion capacity. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(1), 515-22.

The paper studies oil absorption by polyurethane sorbents synthesized at temperatures of 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70°C that is necessary for the development of physicochemical foundations of the oil absorbents synthesis. It is revealed that the kinetic curves of oil absorption of the obtained sorbents, as well as previously studied industrial polyurethane foams existing in a glassy state, are characterized by the presence of maximum (at 30 min), while increasing the synthesis temperature leads to an increase in oil absorption. The author gives interpretation of obtained patterns, which are confirmed, in particular, by the electron-microscopic study.

5 illus, 19 ref

001004   Smirniakov V V;Smirniakova V V (National Mineral Resources Univ "Mining Univ" Russian Federation, , 199106, St. Petersburg, 21st line, 2) : Role of air leaks n causes of methane explosions in coal mines and improving calculation methods. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(1), 163-71.

The authors performed the analysis of the circumstances and causes of accidents associated with gas and dust explosions for the last twenty-five years. The conducted research has shown that there is a steady tendency of the stabilization of the number of accidents (associated with impaired stope ventilation) at present time. Most accidents occur at the excavation sites, working off benches of low gradient by the layout systems with flanking pillars and complete roof collapse. As a result of the evaluation of the reasons thereof, conducted by statistical methods and methods of technical analysis, it was found that most excavation sites were provided with the calculated air amount during the accident, while the explosive concentration of methane was observed in the breakage headings and adjacent workings. The main reason for gas normalization violations, according to the authors, is the leakage of supplied air into the collapsed area, the negative role of which lies in the fact that its amount varies continuously in space and time. Currently, all schemes for the ventilation of excavation sites and some coal mines (with gas explosion hazard) are divided into a number of known determinant classification characteristics; the path of air leaks differs respectively. Therefore, the main goal of this research is the development of scientific methods for the calculation of leakage (with the practical use value). This problem is of particular importance during the working of gas seams with the development systems which produce the substantial amounts of worked-out areas. Based on the conducted research, new methods for calculating leaks in the collapse zone were introduced, which allow to determine the air flow amount along the face length on the basis of the minimum input data, and extend the air distribution control capabilities at the excavation site, significantly increasing the safety of mining operations by the gas factor.

4 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

001003   Shingisov A U;Myrkhalykov B G;Mussayeva S A (Azred Utebayevich Shingisov, M. Aueszov South Kazakhastan State Univ, 160012, Shymkent city, Kazakhstan) : Calculation technique of A moisture-binding energy at freezing of milk products. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(1), 199-209.

A sheep milk from different regions of Kazakhstan was a subject of the research. The research established that beginning of the milk's water-ice phase transition, i.e. cryoscopic temperature for a sheep milk of South Kazakhstan oblast is -1.1°C, and for a sheep milk of Almaty oblast is -1.2°C. The research proved that at the freezing of the sheep milk from South Kazakhstan oblast in the interval cryoscopic temperature to - 10°C, the frozen out moisture content in the sheep milk increases from 0% to 87%. Respectively the frozen out moisture content in the sheep milk from Almaty oblast increases from 0% to 88%. A smooth and graded transition of the rest loosely bound moisture to ice was noted at the further temperature decrease from -10°C to -20°C and below. The research established that b coefficient value, considering tightly bound moisture in the sheep milk from South Kazakhstan oblast is b = 0.0752, and in the sheep milk from Almaty oblast it is b = 0.0805. Comparison of numeric values between theoretically calculated moisturebinding energy and experimental data at the freezing of the sheep milk samples shows that the difference is no more than 2.7%. This proves justification of conditions laid in the principle of the formula. The formula can be used to determine the moisture-binding energy at the freezing of milk products.

4 illus, 43 ref

001002   Panwar I S;Arya R K;Phougat D;Pahuja S K (Genetics & Plant Breeding Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: isp.panwar@gmail.com) : Use of combining ability, heritability and genetic advance in breeding programmes. Forage Res 2015, 41(3), 164-9.

The choice of suitable parents for producing desirable hybrids is most important and fundamental step in hybridisation programmes since certain combinations produce much superior offspring than others involving apparently equally promising parents. The knowledge about the combining ability effects of the genotypes may help the plant breeder in selecting parents which when crossed would produce more desirable segregates. Biometrical methods like diallel, partial diallel and line x tester may be used for testing the combining ability of parents and their hybrids at an early stage of the programme. Further, estimates of heritability also serve as a useful guide to the plant breeder. If heritability of a character is high than selection would be much easier. But for a character with low heritability, selection will be difficult. The degree of heritability should not be taken as sole criterion while drawing conclusions about the expected genetic gain. Hence, heritability estimates along with expected genetic advance are usually more helpful than heritability value alone.

3 tables, 10 ref

001001   Omer S A M;Abdrabo A E A (Clinical Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, International Univ of Africa, Khartoum, Sudan, Email: abdrabokarim@gmail.com) : Impact of long term hemodialysis on lipid profile among chronic renal failure patients- a descriptive study. J advd scient Res 2015, 6(2), 18-20.

Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) patients are at risk of cardiovascular diseases due to the elevation of various forms of lipids. The present study was done to describe the impact of long term hemodialysis on the levels of lipids profile. A total of 70 patients with chronic renal failure under regular hemodialysis that does not share the same period of dialysis time (4.0357±1.76) per month. We obtained serum samples from patients in the morning after an overnight fast and were analyzed for total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL, and LDL, VLDL was calculated. Triglyceride and VLDL levels observed significantly higher than the normal, with direct correlation with increase in the number of hemodialysis (P=0:000, r = 0.336), while there was no significant elevation observed in total cholesterol (P =0.561, r = 0.005). HDL (P: 0.468) and LDL-C (P : 0.588) when compared with the number of times of hemodialysis. From this study we are conducted that increase level of triglyceride and VLDL level in the circulation with increase duration times of hemodialysis and they was no effect of hemodialysis on total cholesterol and HDL and LDL-C. So fail of hemodialysis as a treatment to treat the dyslipidemia mainly hypertriglyceridemia.

3 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

001000   Mbonu O F;Udeozor P A;Umoru G U;Uti D E (Science Laboratory Technology Dep, Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana, Afikpo) : Production of bio-fuel from sweet corn (food to fuel). J Pharmac Phytochem 2016, 5(6), 43-7.

From this work, it is evident that there is much money lying around the waste both Agriculturally and Chemically, only when we realize this and tap from our Locally available Food stuffs, that we can appreciate this fact. This research carried out on the production of bio-ethanol as bio-fuel from Sweet corn was successively completed and the bio-ethanol was produced using simple distillation apparatus and was properly analyzed. The Sweet corn was hydrolyzed for 72 hours. Fermentation took about 96 hours (4 days). The weight of sample (sweet corn) used for the production was 885g. This large amount of corn sample used was to ensure that an appreciable quantity of ethanol was distilled. The mass of yeast (saccharomyces cerevisae) used was 52.2g. This large amount of yeast used was to help facilitate the rate of fermentation of the corn sample. The percentage of ethanol produced is 11.8%. This low yield of ethanol from corn shows that corn has a lower quantity of ethanol when compared to other locally available raw materials. Such as potatoes that have an ethanol percentage yield of 38 to 45%. The percentage purity of the alcohol produced was determined to be 96%. This result suggest that ethanol was of high purity when compared to others sold in the market that had the highest percentages purity of 98% and also to that from potato that has a parentage purity of 96%. From the quality test of the alcohol, the temperature of the alcohol was 29 °C which is approximately to that of room temperature which is 27 °C. The p^H value was 9.2 indicating very low basicity.

2 tables, 16 ref

000999   Kushwaha S C;Bera M B;Pradyuman Kumar (Food Engineering and Technology Dep, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal-148 106) : Extraction of polyphenols from fresh pomegranate peel using response surface methodology. Asian J Chem 2015, 27(12), 4320-6.

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel, as industrial waste is a rich source of phenolic compounds like hydrolyzable ellagitannin, which possess strong antioxidant activities. The aim of the present study was to develop a suitable method for extraction of ellagitannin from fresh pomegranate peel using physical, chemical and enzymatic treatment. Response surface methodology involving central composite design was used to optimize the independent variables i.e., temperature (range 19.6-90.4 °) and time (range 17.6-102.4 min) to maximize the total hydrolyzable ellagitannin content as GAE and antioxidant activity as DPPH in fresh pomegranate peel extract. The experimental data were fitted to a quadratic model and appropriate statistical analysis was used. From RSM based study, it has been concluded that there is a significant effect of temperature and time on the extraction of ellagitannin from fresh pomegranate peel. Ellagitannin content was high in pomegranate peel extract obtained by enzymatic method followed by physical and chemical methods. Temperature and time combination of 91.2 ° and 18 min in enzymatic method yields highest ellagitannin content of 45.01% as GAE was obtained showing 63.74% antioxidant activity as DPPH.

2 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

000998   Jadhav M S;Kad V P;Shelar S D (Agricultural Process Engineering Dep, Dr. Annasaheb Shinde College of Agril. Engineering, Mahatma Phule Kris, Rahuri-413 722, Email: jadhavmarutis@gmail.com) : Effect of blending of full fat and defatted soy flour on preparation of biscuits. Green Fmg 2016, 7(1), 187-90.

Investigation was carried out to assess the effect of incorporation of soy flour (full fat and defatted) on physical, nutritional and sensory properties of biscuits. The biscuits were prepared by replacing wheat flour with full fat soy flour (FFSF) and defatted soy flour (DSF) in the ratios 100:00, 90: 10, 85:15, 80:20, 75:25 by using standard biscuit recipe and evaluated for their quality. Thicknes and spread ratio of soy fortified biscuits was decreased with the increasing level of soy flour. Moisture content of biscuit varied from 2.35 to 4.62 per cent and protein content increased (5.35 to 17.37%) with the incorporation of soy flour. Fat, ash, crude fibre and carbohydrate contents were found to be in the rage of 18.05 to 29.44, 0.78 to 1.88, 0.137 to 0.612 and 52.42 to 74.06 per cent, respectively. Amongst all the biscuit samples, sensory score recorded was highest (7.55) for biscuits prepared using 10 per cent FFSF and followed by biscuits prepared using 10% DSF (7.42). The findings in this investigation confirm the possibilities of enrichment of protein, crude fibre and ash in preparation of biscuits by blending with soy flour.

6 tables, 14 ref

000997   Derakhshanfar H;Bozorgi F;Noor S;Majidi A; Frouzanfar M (Emergency Medicine Dep, Shahid Beheshti Univ of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Email: fazadbozorgi1356@gmail.com) : Determining the accurate interpretation of CT scan images of the brain without children injection among residents ofchildren and emergency medicine. J advd scient Res 2015, 6(2), 21-5.

Computed Tomography (CT Scan) has become an essential instrument in medical imaging and diagnosis. Interpretation of radiologic images as well as patient history and physical examination helps the physician to make the most relevant diagnosis. Emergency Medicine (EM) and Pediatric residents are two groups of physicians that are faced with CT Scans of children during their daily practice and need to know how to use it well. In this cross sectional study accuracy of Pediatric and Emergency Medicine residents in interpretation of pediatric brain CT Scans is determined. Two groups of residents consisting of 19 volunteers in each group were participated in this study. Images of pediatric brain CT Scans were presented to each participant and he was asked to find the pathologic findings in the image. Then, overall score for each participant was recorded and statistical analysis was conducted on these scores. Emergency Medicine residents had significantly greater score in comparison with pediatric residents (P value = 0.02). Accordingly, Postgraduate Year 1(PGY1) EM residents had greater scores than pediatric PGY1 residents (P Value=0.007). In Contrast there was no significant difference between PGY 2 residents in two groups. There was no difference between residents participated in CT Scan lectures or pediatric or EM rotations and ones that did not pass these courses. According to this study, EM residents are more accurate in interpretation of pediatric brain CT Scans. In addition, neither CT Scan lectures nor rotations were as much helpful as per case CT Scan experiments in Emergency Room for progression of residents' accuracy.

4 tables, 16 ref

000996   Bindu J;Ginson J;Kamalakanth C K;Gopal T K S (Fish Processing Div, Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Matsyapuri, P.O., Kochi-682 029, Email: bindujaganath@gmail.com) : High pressure treatment of gren mussel Perna viridis linnaeus, 1758: effect on shucking and quality changes in meat during chill storage. Indian J Fish 2015, 62(2), 70-6.

Effect of high pressure on shucking of mussel meat from shell and quality changes in meat in terms of pH, total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN), thiobarbituric acid value (TBA), instrumental colour values (lightness, L*; redness, a* and yellowness, b*), instrumental hardness, total plate count (TPC) and sensory analysis during chill storage were evaluated. Shell-on mussels were pressure treated at 100, 200, 300 and 400 MPa with a holding time of 5 min at 30±3°C. The pressure treated meat was then aseptically removed from the shell and vacuum packed in laminated pouches made of polyester low density polythene and stored at 2±1°C for shelf life evaluation. Manually shucked mussel meat not subjected to pressure treatment served as control. pH and TBA values increased with increasing pressure treatment. Instrumental colour values (L*, a* and b*) and hardness were more for mussel meat subjected to 400 MPa pressure treatment. After high pressure treatment, TVBN and TPC decreased compared to control, however, these values increased during storage. Among the treated samples, 300 MPa shucked mussel meat was sensorially superior to others and had a shelf life of 28 days during chill storage (2±1°C).

9 tables, 41 ref

000995   Banga K M S;Sunil Kumar;Johry P;Singh G R (AICRP Post-Harvest Technology, Central Instt. of Post-Harvest Engg. & Technology, Ludhiana-141 004, Email: sheetal.0415@gmail.com) : Influenc of operating parameters on process kinetics of aonla (Emblica officinalis) during tray drying. Green Fmg 2016, 7(1), 226-9.

A study was conducted to find out the influence of operating parameters on process kinetics of aonla (Emblica officinalis) flakes (1.7x3.7 cm) during tray drying. The spherical shaped un-osmosed and pre-osmosed aonla fruit in sugar solution dried at 65, 70 and 75°C in a tray drier. A marked difference in the convective drying behavior of un-osmosed and sugar pre-osmosed samples was observed irrespective of the shape of the aonla. The data reveals that drying of pre-osmosed samples was slower than the un-osmosed samples and the overall acceptability of pre-osmosed aonla was greater than the un-osmosed samples. This might be due to slow down effect of the infused solute on the drying rate. However, the drying of un-osmosed aonla had been started at relatively high moisture content (553.55%d.b) whereas; the drying of osmotically pretreated samples in sugar solution began at too low moisture content (418.83%d.b). The convective drying time for un-osmosed and pre-osmosed samples at 65°C (34 and 33 hours), 70°C (28 and 31 hours) and 75°C (23 and 27 hours) respectively to a moisture content of 10±1% db. The drying rate of un-osmosed and pre-osmosed samples at 65°C (0.282 and 0.211% db/minute), 70°C (0.381 and 0.234%db/minute) and 75°C (0.448 and 0.276%db/minute) respectively. Overall, in comparison to un-osmosed sample, the pre-treatments reduced the drying time to some extent including pre-osmosed samples and also the overall acceptability of pretreated samples was higher.

4 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

000994   Alkadi M Y;Razek M A;Hafez A I;Moursy E M (Faculty of Science, Ain Shams Univ, Institute of Environmental Studies and Research, Ai Shams Univ, Egyptian Electricity Holding Company, Email: ashraf_hafez40@hotmail.com) : Catonic modified rice starch for drinking water purification. J advd scient Res 2015, 6(2), 10-13.

Drinking water treatment is of paramount importance for all people all over the world. Traditional water coagulant, aluminum sulfate poses a great risk for human health as it adds residual aluminum metal to drinking water. A cationic rice starch polymer prepared from waste product (broken rice) was evaluated to be used in water treatment. The suggested polymer is a biodegradable product and environment friendly. Application of cationic rice starch in the treatment of Nile river water showed that the turbidity caused by organic matter, colloidal silica were decreased to the lowest levels by using 6 ppm of cationic rice starch. Also, better results of water treatment were observed than that obtained when using 40 ppm of aluminum sulfate. Maximum treatment results were obtained on using a mixture of (4 and 23) ppm of cationic rice starch and aluminum sulfate, respectively for the treatment of raw water.

6 illus, 14 ref

024343   Sridhar D;Prashanth P;Raj Kumar M;Padmaja V; Dheeraj G (Horticulture Dep, College of Horticulture, SKLTSHU, Rajendranagad, Hyderabad-500 030, Email: durgamsridhar66@gmail.com) : Studies on the senory quality and storage of Jamun juice blended with pomegranate juice. Int J Trop Agric 2015, 33(4), 2695-702.

An experiment was conducted to investigate sensory quality and storage of jamun juice blended with pomegranate juice at ambient condition during 2013-2014 in postharvest technology laboratory at College of Horticulture, Mojerla, Mahabubnagar District, Telangana State. The investigation comprised of six treatments i.e. 100% Jamun juice + 500 ppm Sodium benzoate (T₁), 90% Jamun juice + 10% Pomegranate juice + 500 ppm Sodium benzoate (T₂), 80% Jamun juice + 20% Pomegranate juice + 500 ppm Sodium benzoate (T₃, 70% Jamun juice + 30% Pomegranate juice + 500 ppm Sodium benzoate (T₄, 60% Jamun juice + 40% Pomegranate juice + 500 ppm Sodium benzoate (T₅), 50% Jamun juice + 50% Pomegranate juice + 500 ppm Sodium benzoate (T₅ replicated four times in completely randomized design with factorial concept. The results revealed that, the Total Soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid, total sugars increases and titrable acidity, anthocyanin content and total phenols gradually decreased during the storage period. The highest overall acceptability was recorded in the treatment T₂ (4.47). Among the treatments the highest total sugars was observed in T₁ (8.78) and lowest in T₄ (8.60). The highest anthocyanin content was recorded in T₁ (49.32) and lowest in T₆ (45.82). Whereas, the lowest microbial content was observed in T₂ (2.22) and highest in T₅ (2.47).

4 illus, 5 tables, 17 ref

024342   Sridhar D;Prashanth P;Jyothi G;Thirupathi N; Padmaja V V (Horticulture Dep, College of Horticulture, SKLTSHU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030, Email: durgamsridhar66@gmail.com) : Studies on the effect of different storage techniques on quality and shelf life of jamun juice. Int J Trop Agric 2015, 33(4), 2703-8.

An experiment was conducted to investigate the quality and storage life of jamun juice in pasteurized and preservative form at ambient conditions during 2013-2014 in postharvest technology laboratory at College of Horticulture, Mojerla, Mahabubnagar District, Telangana State. The investigation comprised of five treatments i.e. jamun juice + 350 ppm sodium benzoate (T₁, jamun juice + 500 ppm sodium benzoate (T₂), pasteurization of jamun juice (at a temperature of 80 ± 5°C) (T₃), pasteurization of jamun juice (at a temperature of 80 ± 5°C) + 350 ppm sodium benzoate (T₄), pasteurization of jamun juice (at a temperature of 80 ° 5°C) + 500 ppm sodium benzoate (T₁) replicated four times in completely randomized design with factorial concept. The results revealed that, the Total Soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid, total sugars increases and titrable acidity, anthocyanin content and total phenols gradually decreased during the storage period. The highest overall acceptability was recorded in the treatment T₅ (4.36). Among the treatments the highest total sugars was observed in T₅ (7.59) and lowest in T₃ (6.83). The highest anthocyanin content was recorded in T₅ (48.65) and lowest in T₃ (47.97). Whereas, the lowest microbial content was observed in T₅ (2.78) and highest in T₃ (3.42).

3 illus, 6 tables, 16 ref

024341   Sonia N S;Mini C;Geethalekshmi P R (Processing Technology Dep, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural Univ, Vellayani, Thrissur-680 656, Email: coa2008soniya@gmail.com) : Effect of solvent on phytochemical extraction and effect of packaging on lawsone content in Lawsonia intermis Linn.. Int J Trop Agric 2015, 33(4), 2713-16.

The potency of different solvent systems on extraction of phenolic compounds from henna leaf and effect of packaging and storage conditions in retaining the quality of oven dried henna leaf powder were explored. Methanolic, ethanolic and acetone extracts of different henna leaf samples were evaluated for amount of extract obtained, total phenolic content (TPC) and lawsone content. Methanolic extract of oven dried powdered henna leaves give maximum TPC (306.35μg tannic acid equivalent/ 100g dry weight) and lawsone content (54 μg/ml) whereas fresh leaves yielded maximum amount of extract (17.28%). To study the effect of packaging on retaining the quality of henna leaf, oven dried henna leaf powder were packaged in low density polyethylene (LDPE) pouches, aluminium foil covers and paper covers and stored under ambient and low temperature storage conditions for three months. Packaging and storage of henna leaf powder in paper covers under ambient or low temperature storage conditions can retain lawsone content, 34.33μg/ml and 37.67μg/ml respectively for three months.

2 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

024340   Sharma T;Madras G (Chemical Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, Email: giridhar@chemeng.iisc.ernet.in) : Effect of crosslinker on the swelling and adsorption properties of cationic superabsorbent. Bull Mater Sci 2016, 39(3), 613-26.

In the present study, superabsorbents (SAPs) of cationicmonomer [2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride have been prepared by free radical solution polymerization with different crosslinkers. They were subjected to repeated cycles of swelling and de-swelling in deionized water and NaCl solution. The conductivity of the swelling medium was measured and related to the swelling/de-swelling characteristics of the SAPs. The swelling capacity was also determined in saline solution. The swelling and de-swelling processes were described by first-order kinetics. The SAPs exhibited varied swelling capacity for crosslinkers of the same functionality as well as different functionality. The SAPs were used to adsorb the dye Orange G at different initial concentrations of the dye. The equilibrium adsorption data followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherms. The SAPs were also used to adsorb three other dyes, namely, Congo red, Amido black and Alizarin cyanine green. They exhibited different adsorption capacities for different dyes. The adsorption phenomenon was found to follow first-order kinetics.

13 illus, 14 tables, 24 ref

024339   Seon J Y;Yoon Y J (Nano-Convergence Intelliegence Material Team, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, 101, Soho-ro, Jinju-si, Gyeonsangnam-do 660-031, Republic of Korea) : Membraneless microfluidic fuel cell with silver electrode fabricated by low temperature co-fired ceramic combined with photolithography. Asian J Chem 2015, 27(11), 4275-8.

A microfluidic fuel cell fabricated by low temperature co-fired ceramic process was introduced. It was an alkaline fuel cell and produced the electric power via electrochemical reaction using a diverse fuel and an oxidant solution. Highly conductive silver was used for an electrode as a less expensive and non-precious metal catalyst. The fuel is 1 M KOH and the oxidant is 1 M H2SO4 without any electrolytes. In particular, by adding oxygen into the both of solutions by bubbling system, a higher open circuit potential was observed compared to that of normal condition. To enhance the efficiency of potential voltage of single-channel fuel cell, a noble design for dual-channel was employed in a microfluidic fuel cell. After optimizing the flow rates of fuel and oxidant, the open circuit potentials of single-channel and dual-channel microfluidic fuel cell were about 0.25 V and 0.65 V, respectively.

6 illus, 10 ref

024338   Ranjitha D; Alosius A (Food Processing Technology, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Email: ranjitha.foodtech@gmail.com) : Food allergy. Indian J Nutr Diet 2016, 53(1), 111-32.

Food Allergen Labelling and Consumer Protection Act (FALCPA 2004) will improve food labelling information for the millions of consumers who suffer from food allergies. The act will be especially helpful to children who must learn to recognize the allergens they must avoid. This act estimated that approximately 2 % of adults and about 5 % of infants and young children in the United States suffer from food allergies and each year, roughly 30,000 individuals require emergency room treatment and 150 individuals die because of allergic reactions to food. Food allergy defined as an immune system reaction that occurs soon after eating a certain food. This happens because their immune system over reacts to the proteins in that food. Even a tiny amount of the allergy causing food can trigger signs and symptoms such as digestive problems, hives or swollen airways. In some people, a food allergy can cause severe symptoms or even a life-threatening reaction known as anaphylaxis. It's easy to confuse a food allergy with a much more common reaction known as food intolerance. While bothersome, food intolerance is a less serious condition that does not involve the immune system. As per FALCPA law, eight types of food allergy causing foods listed. They are milk, egg, fish, shellfish, tree nut, peanut, soybeans and wheat. In this chapter briefly discuss about this eight food allergens.

98 ref

024337   Rahman M A;Karim M A (NO, , ) : Solution of power crisis in remote hills trakcs of Bangladesh. J Alternate Energy Sour Technol 2015, 6(3), 18-28.

The demand of electric energy is rising in secluded areas of Bangladesh more than ever. But Bangladesh is still facing problem to solve the energy crises of its much larger urban demands. So it is important to find other sources of energy. Renewable energy can be a great solution to solve this problem. In this paper, we mainly focused on providing the need of energy of rural and remote areas with microgrid system which includes; concentrating solar power (CSP) and biogas power plant. A tentative design has been proposed and finally a financial analysis has been carried out to compare present method of energy supply and the alternative method proposed here.

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024336   Rafeekher M;Mini C;Sudheer K P;Geethalekshmy P R (Processing Technology Dep, CoA, Vellayani, Kerala Agricultural Univ, Kerala) : Effect of carriers and temperature in spray drying of pineapple juice. Int J Trop Agric 2015, 33(4), 2575-86.

The present investigation was carried out to find the effect of a set of variables in the recovery of spray dried pineapplepowder. ]uice mixed with Maltodextrin (M) or Resistant dextrin (D) in varying proportions based on juice solid and carrier ratios as 70:30 (C₁), 60:40 (C₂), 50:50(C₃), 40:60 (C₄) was fed to cocurrent spray drier by a peristaltic pump for drying at six different inlet temperatures; 150°C (T₁), 160°C (T₂) 170°C (T₃), 180°C (T₄), 190°C (T₅, 200°C (T₆). Feed rate was varied so as to maintain the outlet temperature at 88 ± 2°C at 4 bar atomization pressure and 2000 rpm blower capacity. Inlet temperature realized a linear increase in feed rates and highest temperature recorded 2.7 times higher feed rates than the lowest one. Resistant dextrin with juice solid and carrier ratio of 40:60 at 160°C inlet temperature led to 85.64 per cent recovery from the feed solid content. Resistant dextrin led to better translocation of powder from chamber to cyclone since powder recovery in the cyclone was 47.09 per cent of the total solids of the feed at these levels which is 2.8 times of the recovery from highest yielding maltodextrin combination. Positive and negative changes in inlet temperatures from 160°C produced unfavorable response in the recovery of solids from the feed mix. Increase in concentration of carrier materials had a marked effect in the recovery of powder since the yield went up by 2.2 times and 2.4 times in cyclone and total powder yield respectively.

6 illus, 7 tables, 22 ref

024335   Rafeekher M;Mini C;Sudheer K P;Geethalekshmy P R (Processing Technology Dep, CoA, Vellayani, Kerala Agricultural Univ, Kerala) : Optimization of process parameters in spray drying of cashew apple juice. Int J Trop Agric 2015, 33(4), 2563-73.

The present investigation tries to optimize different carriers in varying proportions and inlet temperature for spray drying of clarified cashew apple juice. Juice mixed with Maltodextrin (M) or Resistant dextrin (D) in varying proportions based juice solid and carrier ratios as 70:30 (CJ₁ 60:40 (C₂), 50:50(C₃), 40:60 (C₄) was fed to co-current spray drier by a peristaltic pump for drying at six different inlet temperatures as 150°C (T₁, 160°C (T₂) 170°C (T₃), 180°C (T₄), 190°C (T₅), 200°C (T₆). Feedrate was varied so as to maintain the outlet temperature at 88 + 2 °C at 4 bar atomization pressure and 2000 RPM blower capacity. Increment of 50°C, 40°C and 20°C from the lowest inlet temperature led to 153 per cent, 98 per cent and 45 percent higher feed rate respectively. Higher concentration of maltodextrin par with subsequent lower concentration of resistant dextrin in recovery of powder at cyclone. Resistant dextrin, higher concentration of carrier and lower inlet temperature had marked effect in translocating more powder to cyclone. The variation in process parameters had higher influence in the cyclone recovery than powder from chamber. The optimized parameters were resistant dextrin in carrier types, juice solid and carrier ratio of 40:60 in concentration and 160°C inlet temperature which yielded 72.1 per cent of the total solids of the feed as powder with 40.56 per cent powder recovery in cyclone.

6 illus, 7 tables, 23 ref

024334   Pant S;Arvind Kumar;Ravindra Kumar;Singh M (NO, Sardar Vallabhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, Email: suneetapt@gmail.com) : Effect of processing on phytic phosphorus content in maize. Indian J Nutr Diet 2016, 53(1), 99-104.

Main objective of this study was to determine the effect of processing on phytic phosphorus content in maize. An analytical comparison of effect of different methods of processing for reducing phytic phosphorus was carried out on maize. The maize is a staple crop and many rely on it as a primary source of nutrition. Though phytic phosphorus content makes minerals unavailable for absorption yet is used by majority of population. Six cultivars of maize namely VL-16, VL-41, VL-42, D741, D823 and D771 were processed to observe the reduction in phytic phosphorus content. Phytic phosphorus content of the different maize varieties ranged from 143.5 to 167.9 mg/100 g. Variety VL 41 showed highest phytic phosphorus content of 167.9 mg/100 g. Lime treatment was observed to cause significant reduction in phytic acid. Boiling and lime treatment reduced phytic phosphorus by 24.84 and 33.60 % respectively. Variety D771 of maize showed highest reduction of 108.9 mg/100 g after heat treatment and 89.8 mg/100 g after lime treatment. The total reduction in phytic phosphorus was 33.60%.

1 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref

024333   Meher J;Mishra B K;Nayak P;Singh V (Centre for Food Science and Technology, Sambalpur Univ, Jyoti Vihar, Burla, Odisha-768 001, Email: pk.nayak@cit.ac.in) : Effect of pre- drying and frying kinetics of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) chips. Bioscan 2015, 10(2), 521-5.

Experiments were conducted at different drying temperature (40, 60 and 80°C) and frying time (60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 Second). MINITAB statistical software was used to study the statistical analysis of independent and dependent variables in terms of ANOVA. Page's model is showing best model with high coefficient of regression (r²) 0.9980, 0.9994 and 0.9980 than Exponential models, (r²) 0.9948, 0.9988 and 0.9950 for 20 mm thick slice at a temperature 40, 60 and 80°C respectively. Oil content of 20 and 30 mm thick sweet potato chips were reported, 68.1 and 68.7% for fresh sample and after drying up to 5% moisture (db), oil content reduced up to 11.4 and 13.2% respectively. Optimum quality of Sweet potato chips (Moisture content 1.25% db, 39.1% oil content and hardness 5.02 N) were obtained at fried temperature of 170°C for 180 seconds and the sensory ratings were observed as R_a =5.8, R_h = 6.4, R_m = 6.1, R_o = 6.8. For colour of fried chips, moisture content and drying time have significant effect (p<60>0.05) and Pre-drying temperature was non-significant (p<62>0.05) for hardness of chips. The chips dried to lower moisture content had more hardness. Based on sensory rating chips dried at 200% db at a temperature of 60°C and fried at 170°C for 180 s resulted best quality of chips.

7 tables, 21 ref

024332   Maruthi Y;Kumara Babu P;Sudhakar H; Veerapratap S;Sajankumarji Rao U;Subha M C S;Chowdoji Rao K (Polymer Science & Tech Dep, Sri Krishnadevaraya Univ, Anatnapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, Email: chowdojirao@gmail.com) : Development of novel mixed matrix membrane using 13x zeolite filled SA/WPI for the pervaporation dehydration of isopropanol. J advd scient Res 2015, 6(4), 22-9.

Novel polymeric membranes were prepared by incorporating different amounts of 13X Zeolite into Sodium alginate/Wheat protein isolate (SA/WPI) blend matrix. The resulting composite membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the results were used to analyze the possible chemical reaction between SA/WPI and glutaraldehyde. X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, and Differential scanning calorimeter were used to analyze the crystallinity, surface morphology and thermal stability of the membranes, respectively. The membranes were tested for pervaporation studies for water /IPA mixtures at different feed water compositions at 30°C. The experimental results showed that both flux and selectivity increased with increase in zeolite content. Membrane containing 20 wt % of zeolite shows the highest separation selectivity of 4991 with a substantial flux of 0.120 Kg/m²/h at 30°C containing 10 wt % of water in the feed, suggesting that the membranes could be used effectively to break the azeotropic point of water-IPA mixture, so as to remove small amount of water from IPA.

7 illus, 2 tables, 39 ref

024331   Marlida Y;Arif S;Tanjung A I (Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology Dep, Faculty of Animal Science, Andalas Univ, Padang, Indonesia, Email: yetti_marlida@faterna.unand.ac.id ) : Oil palm trunk of lignocellulolytic resources as raw material for production of fermentable sugars via enzymatic hydrolysis using cellulose thermostable. Asian J Chem 2015, 27(11), 3975-7.

This study aimed to explore the optimization of the concentration of oil palm trunks and thermostable cellulose enzyme preformance produce highest sugar (glucose total and reducing sugars) as well as the degree of polymerization. The design used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial using 2 factors: factor A consists of four levels of cellulose enzyme that A1: 250 U/kg, A2: 500 U/kg, A3: 750 U/kg and A4: 1000 U/kg. Factor B is the concentration of oil palm trunk yitu B1: 20% ; B2: 40% and B3: 60% were repeated 3 times. The results showed that there is a significantly effect (P <60> 0.05) in the levels of cellulose enzyme (factor A) with the concentration of oil palm trunks (factor B) and interactions of enzyme and oil palm trunk (factor AB) to reducing sugar, total sugars and degree of polymerization. This research can be concluded that the best total sugar produced was 19.68 mg/mL, the reducing sugars was 11.17 and degree of polymerization was 3.47.

3 tables, 17 ref

024330   Kshetrimayum R;Shukla R N (Food Process Engineering Dep, SHIATS, Uttar Praesh, Email: reemaksh7@gmail.com) : Assessment on drying and quality characteristics of tray and microwave dried guava fruit. Int J Trop Agric 2015, 33(4), 2525-30.

An experiment was carried out to study the drying and quality characteristic of tray and microwave dried guava slices. Unblanched, blanched and blanched with KMS samples were dried at three different powers (20W, 40W, 60W). Dried simples were evaluated for qualify attributes, viz. Vitamin C content, rehydration ratio, moisture content and drying rate. The samples were heat sealed in high density polyethylene bags and stored at room temperature. The samples were analysed for quality attributes after drying. Results indicated that the initial average moisture content of guava slices was 1389.08% (db). The initial moisture content of pre-treated samples had highest at 20,40 and 60 W. Drying rate of KMS blanched sample had highest at 20 and 60 W but at 40 W drying rate of blanched sample had highest. Moisture loss increased from guava with increased in power of microwave and time of drying. The pre-treated samples were taken shorter drying time than unblanched sample. Rehydration ratio was found acceptable those samples which were dried at 40 with KMS blanched sample. Rehydration ratio of KMS blanched samples was found 5.056,7.622 and 5.566 at 20, 40 and 60W respectively. Ascorbic acid content was found acceptable at 20W KMS blanched sample had highest ascorbic acid content 200mg/100g. At 40 and 60W the ascorbic add content of KMS blanched samples were 143.33 and 116.66mg/100g respectively with desirability factor of 0.50.

5 tables, 5 ref

024329   Kim H C;Jeong W J;Lee W C;Park S K (Chemical Engineering Dep, Hoseo Univ, Asan 336-795, Republic of Korea, Email: skpark@hoseo.edu) : Demetallization of MCM-48 from asphalten of vacuum residual oils: analysis by UV-visible spectrophotometer. Asian J Chem 2015, 27(11), 4288-90.

In this study, MCM-48 shows the effective elimination of Ni(II) among several adsorbents from asphalten of vacuum residual oils. The elimination can be monitored by the absorption of UV-visible spectrophotomer and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS-TOF). The combination of the analysis of UV-visible spectroscopy and SIMS-TOF analysis provide the concrete evidence for the elimination of vanadium and sulfur from the asphalten part of heavy residual oil through the adsorption process onto MCM-48 adsorbent.

3 illus, 12 ref

024328   Khaliq-ur-Rahman;Mohammadzai I U;Hussain A; Shafqatullah (Institute of Chemical Sciences, Peshawar Univ, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, Email: khaliqjan244@yahoo.com) : Determination of phenolic acids in natural and farms honey of Khber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Asian J Chem 2015, 27(11), 4067-4070.

This study was focused to evaluate the phenolic acids in natural combs honey, branded and unbranded honey of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan by HPLC technique, using UV-visible detector. Five phenolic acids (chloroganic acid, gallic acid, vanallic acid, benzoic acid and syringic acid) were identified and quantified in 18 honey samples. The phenolic acids contents were found higher in all natural honey's samples as compared to branded and unbranded honey. Among the natural honey's sample, the maximum concentration (4.26 mg/100 g) of phenolic acids was found in palosa (Acacia) honey while minimum 1.93 mg/100 g) in bekerr (Justicia) honey sample. Similarly the maximum concentration (2.78 mg/100 g) was found in langanese honey, while minimum (0.71 mg/100 g) in varsatile honey sample. In unbranded honey maximum concentration (2.46 mg/100 g) was found in Beera (Ziziphus) honey, while minimum (0.62 mg/100 g) in Palosa (Acacia) honey sample. It is evident from this study that, processing of honey may effects the phenolic acid contents of honey.

1 illus, 3 tables, 22 ref

024327   Hena A;Shatil M D;Bari A S (NO, , ) : Digital solar distillation and pasteurization system. J Alternate Energy Sour Technol 2015, 6(3), 53-9.

Pure drinking water is limited, in both coastal area and heavily populated area which makes people drink impure, unhygienic water from supply. This water can be easily purified and drinkable by utilizing abundant solar energy available in these areas. This following project is a combined design where both solar distillation and solar pasteurization can be performed automatically inside the same chamber. Also the system is designed in such a way which can be very user friendly and cost effective. As the efficiency of renewable energy application is relatively low, some methodology has also been suggested in the project in order to increase the output efficiency.

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024326   Devi R;Das P;Dutta A S;Barooah M;Sarmah T C (Biochemistry and Agricultural Chemistry Dep, Assam Agricultural Univ, Jorhat-785 013, Email: priyanka.aau@gmail.com) : Nutritional and antioxidant activities of value added products prepared from Syzygium cuminii L.. Asian J Chem 2015, 27(11), 4059-62.

Considering the seasonal abundance and already recognized nutritional and medicinal values of jamun fruit (Syzygium cuminii L.), three different types of value added products of jamun namely, jamun juice, jamun squash prepared using stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) and jamun squash prepared using sugar were made. After 1 week of the preparation of ]products, the total soluble sugar content was found to be the highest (47.38 g/100 mL) in jamun squash prepared using sugar and the lowest (9.60 g/100 mL) in jamun squash prepared using stevia. The nitrogen content (0.136 g/100 mL), calcium content (10.96 mg/100 mL), the potassium content (38 mg/100 mL) and iron content (0.45 mg/100 mL) were found to be the highest in jamun squash prepared using stevia. The phosphorus content was found to be the highest (10.49 mg/100 mL) in jamun juice and the lowest (6.017 mg/100 mL) in jamun squash prepared using sugar. The antioxidant activity measured in terms of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) inhibition was found to be the highest for jamun juice and the lowest for jamun squash prepared using sugar. The microbial analysis of jamun products during the different periods of storage revealed that the growth of Lactobacillus species was prominent as compared to other microbes. The data showed a decreasing trend of the values as the duration of storage increased.

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024325   Deepika S;Sawate A R;Kshirsagar R B;Taur A T; Patil B M (Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, College of Food Technolog, , Parbhani, Maharashtra-431 402, Email: deepika.selal@gmail.com) : Studies on preparation of cookies fortified by horse gram malt. Indian J Nutr Diet 2016, 53(1), 91-8.

Horse gram is a cheapest source of protein, calcium and iron. Further the germination of horse gram seeds can reduce the anti-nutritional factors. The germination was carried out by washing, soaking (12 h), germinating (24 h), oven drying and grinding into flour in hammer mill. The effect of germination on chemical characteristics of horse gram was found to significantly decrease (p<60>0.05) in protein, carbohydrate, fat and significantly increase (p <60> 0.05) in moisture and ash content. Further value added product (cookies) was prepared by incorporation of 5, 10, 15 and 20% germinated horse gram flour (GHF). The sensory evaluation of cookies was carried out by a panel of ten trained judges using 9-point Hedonic scale. The sensory quality of cookies significantly decreased (p<60>0.05) for higher level of GHF and significantly increased (p <60> 0.05) for low level of GHF. The cookies prepared by incorporation of GHF up to 10% were acceptable without affecting organoleptic quality.

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024324   Cho K Y;Erdene K (Nano-Convergence Intelligence Materials Dep, Korea Institute of Ceramics Engineering and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Email: kycho@kicet.re.kr) : Graphitization of mixture precursor with pitch and resin by thermal-mechanical blending. Asian J Chem 2015, 27(11), 4271-4.

Successful blending of pitch and phenol resin is introduced by applying thermal-mechanical stirring during melting of pitch and resin. The method of mixing of pitch and resin on impregnation into carbon fiber carbon matrix has not been reported so far. After graphitization at 2500 °C in inert atmosphere, as a promising result, graphite with over 72% graphitization could be obtained on resin content 70% above and the oxidation starting temperature was remarkably decreased. This it thought to promote an effective thermal-mechanical blending of pitch and resin, which are normally difficult to mix, while raising the oxidation temperature (i.e., slowing the oxidation rate) by changing the graphite crystalinity. The origin of the improvement is discussed on the basis of several analytical results including FE-SEM, TG and XRD.

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024323   Babu A R;Rao G A P;Prasad T H (NO, , ) : Effect of compression ratio and fuek injection pressure on the performance and emissions of a CI engine with methyl esters of pongamia oil. J Alternate Energy Sour Technol 2015, 6(3), 8-17.

Diesel fueled compression ignition engines are invariably used in light, medium and heavy duty applications. Heavy dependence on petroleum derived diesel fuel has led to the twin problems of loss of exchequer and environmental pollution. The intensive research revealed that transesterified vegetable oils could be the best substitute for existing diesel engines. The present paper deals with experimental investigations on a typical compression ignition engine when it was run at constant speed with methyl ester of Pongamia oil (non-edible type). Simultaneous effect of compression ratio (16.5 and 19) and fuel injection pressures (190, 210 and 230 bar) on performance and emissions of the chosen engine we reexamined. The baseline data represent the information on the performance of the engine when it was run with petrol-diesel at rated FIP of 190 bar and CR 16.5. The engine was successfully run with neat methyl esters of pongamia oil. The brake thermal efficiency was observered to be high at an injection pressure of 210 bar and CR 16.5 where as efficiency was high for CR of 19 at the rated injection pressure of 190 bar. A percentage increase of about 20% was observed in NOx emission with PME compared to petro-diesel operation. It is observed that compression ratio has a dominant effect on performance where as fuel injection pressure has played a vital role in the reduction of emissions.

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