021269   Arya C;Jantwal C (Home science Dep, D.S.B Campus, Kumaun Univ, Nainital, Uttarakhand, Email: chetna22feb@gmail.com) : Identified major food allergens: characteristics and role in food allergy. Indian J Nutr Diet 2017, 54(3), 346-65.

Food allergens are the substances present in food that cause food allergy. Human body reactions to food allergens range from mild to severe life threatening anaphylactic shock. At least seventy different foods have been reported to cause allergic reactions and several other foods have been identified which have the potential to provoke allergic reactions. Majority of the identified food allergens are proteins. The Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act (FALCPA) identifies eight major food groups i.e. milk, eggs, fish, crustacean shellfish, tree nuts, peanuts, wheat, and soybeans as major allergy causing foods. These eight foods are believed to account for 90 per cent of food allergies and are responsible for most serious reactions to foods. Several studies have been done which identify the major allergens in various foods. The present paper attempts to review the major allergens present in various food.

^iia117 ref

021268   Anitha S S;Jayasree A K;Devak Antherjanam S (Community Medicine Dep, Academy of Medical Sciences, Pariyaram-670 503, Email: dranithaprasanth@gmail.com) : Anganwadi service utilisation in - 389 - district of North Kerala, India. J Evolution med dent Sci 2017, 6(72), 5088-91.

6 tables, 10 ref

020289   Wadakappanavar A;Bharati S P (Food Science and Nutrition Dep, College of Rural Home Science, Agricultural Sciences Univ, Dharwad-580 005, Email: akkurani20@gmail.com) : Nutritional status of preschool children of dharwad by anthropometry. Int J Sci Nat 2017, 8(1), 64-8.

A study was been carried out to assess the nutritional status of preschool children of Dharwad. A total of 565 preschool children (boys=252 and girls=313) of 3 to 6 years attending anganwadis were selected from rural and urban areas of Dharwad during 2013-14. Nutritional status was assessed by anthropometry. The measurements including height, weight, circumferences of mid upper arm, head and chest were recorded. Results indicated that the height of rural and urban boys ranged from 89.78 to 105cm and 92.08 to 113.50cm respectively and weight was 11.80 to 15.20kg and 13.98 to 15.951kg respectively at 3 to 6 years. The height and weight of rural girls ranged from 89.40cm and 11.69kg to 100.20cm and 14.70 kg respectively, while that of urban girls varied from 89.74cm and 11.62kg to 100.43cm and 14.03kg respectively at 3 to 6 years. According to IAP (2006) classification nearly 40 per cent of rural and 47 per cent of rural and urban boys, 44.96 and 42.39 per cent of rural and urban girls respectively were moderately malnourished and more than 20 per cent of them were severely malnourished. When MUAC was considered, 70.80 per cent of children were normal as only 4.42 per cent were at risk of severe malnutrition. Based HC/CC ratio 77.70 per cent were normal and with nearly 23 per cent were malnourished. The results revealed that there were no significant differences in rural and urban children of all anthropometric measurements recorded, though they were below the NCHS standards.

5 tables, 7 ref

020288   Suman;Boora P (Foods and Nutrition Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: sumanambawat03@yahoo.com ) : Changes in soluble protein fractions of rice varieties after cooking by different methods. Indian J Nutr Diet 2016, 53(3), 277-85.

The aim of this research was to study the changes in soluble protein fractions of six rice varieties cooked by four cooking methods viz. ordinary, pressure, microwave and solar cooking methods. In cooked rice albumin, globulin, prolamin and glutelin fractions ranged from 4.1 to 4.3, 11.6 to 12.2, 3.0 to 3.6 and 80.5 to 81.0% under various cooking methods against 6.4, 14.6, - 407 - 4.6 and 74.4% in the uncooked samples. Results indicated that albumin, globulin and prolamin fractions decreased significantly after cooking. This decrease was accompanied by a significant increase in the glutelin fraction as compared to uncooked rice samples. Among cooking methods, albumin in pressure and solar, globulin in solar and prolamin in ordinary were significantly (P<60>0.05) higher than other methods. However, in respect of glutelin content microwave and solar cooking methods were superior to ordinary but at par to pressure cooking method.

4 tables, 25 ref

020287   Selvapriya S;Gayathri K (NO, Nadar Saraswathi Colleg of Atrs and Science, Theni, Tamil Nadu) : Postmodernity - positioning the postmodern. Int J multidiscipl Res Dev 2017, 4(12), 42-3.

Beginning Post colonialism is an attempt to help you to make your own beginnings in one of the most exciting and challenging field of study that has emerged in recent years. It aims to introduce you to the various ways that we can approach, perhaps for the first time, literature in English produced by writers who either come from, or have an ancestral purchase upon, countries with a history of colonialism. For postmodernism has indeed shown an extraordinary capacity to renew itself in the conflagration of its demise.

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020286   Sankar U V;Ramanathan M;Kutty V R (Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, Email: umasanthosh23@gmail.com) : Using qualitative approaches to develop a complex construct: measuring socioeconomic position. Int J med Sci pub Hlth 2017, 6(1), 201-9.

Socioeconomic position (SEP) is a complex construct to define and measure in the health context. In the present study, the multidimensionality, complexity, and the dynamicity of the construct 'socioeconomic position' were addressed. These three characteristics of the construct were interrelated to each other. This made the process of measuring SEP more difficult. Qualitative approaches were used to overcome the methodological challenges of measuring this construct.

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020285   Salini G;Sarumathi A (NO, Nadar Saraswathi College of Arts and Science, Theni, Tamil Nadu) : Ivor Armstrong Richards as a critic. Int J multidiscipl Res Dev 2017, 4(12), 44-5.

Criticism consists of asking and answering rational questions about literature. Criticism flourishes in an atmosphere of intellectual freedom and inquiry. A critic is an ideal judge and reader who bring to bear a trained judgement on whatever he reads. I.A. Richards, the pioneer of the new criticism. I.A. Richards was regarded as the most important psychological critic who has studied poetry methodically. He mutually with Eliot is the most influential critic in the twentieth century Anglo- American criticism. Richards was the first critic who realized the importance of psychology and the impact it made on the reader and society. He was a man of wide learning. He was widely read not only in literature, but also in psychology, philosophy, aesthetics, the superior arts and the wide ideology of various sciences.

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020284   Rathore R;Jain S;Mamta Kumari (Foods and Nutrition Dep, College of Home Science, S.K.R.A.U., Bikaner-334 006, Email: mamta.kumari27@gmail.com) : Scientific validation of traditional wisdom on analgesic effect of selected plant sources. Ann Phytomed 2017, 6(1), 107-13.

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 80% of the population of developing countries rely on traditional medicines, mostly plant based drugs for their primary healthcare needs. Indian System of Medicine (ISM) mainly gives plant based remedies for most of the diseases. It offers most appropriate cure against many diseases like jaundice, asthma, arthritis, diabetes, etc. where there is no complete cure in allopathy. In the Indian System of Medicines, plants occupy a predominant place in the therapeutic field. Traditional knowledge is unique in any society which is fabricated on their sound belief, norms and the culture of the society to which they belong. Along with this, there is an urgent need to safe guard and reaffirm traditional wisdom about home remedies. The present study was undertaken on animals to find out the analgesic effect of selected plants, i.e., Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum L.), Guarpatha (Aloe vera L.), Ajwayan (Hyoscymus niger L.) and Sonth (Zingiber officinale L.) and their effective dose to relieve the pain threshold. The analgesic effect was statistically significant by dose concentration and type of plant. The maximum dose of 0.9 ml was most effective in comparison to other doses, indicating higher the concentration of extract, better is the effect. The results confirm the scientific base of using selected plant as home remedies to relieve pain - 406 - threshold.

5 illus, 1 table, 24 ref

020283   Ramachandran P (NO, , Nutrition Foundation of India, New Delhi, Email: premaramachandran@gmail.com) : Millennium development goals: Tamil Nadu's achievements. Indian J Nutr Diet 2016, 53(3), 252-67.

14 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

020282   Priyadarshani P D;Asha A (Food and Nutrition Dep, College of Home Science, Vasantrao Naik Marathawada Krishi Vidhypeeth Parbhani-413 502, Email: deshmukhpriyadarshini19@gmail.com) : - 405 - Impact of nutrition and health education on awareness and practices amongst rural pregnant women. Int J Sci Nat 2017, 8(1), 13-18.

Impact of nutrition education on awareness and practices amongst rural pregnant women regarding diet, personal hygiene and breast feeding was studied. Total 90 pregnant women from three villages of Parbhani Tahashil, Maharashtra, India, were divided into experimental (n=60) and control group (n=30). Nutrition and health education was imparted for a period of four months (weekly 1 session of 2 hr) by means of lectures, chart, leaflet, folder, demonstrations and nutrition game. Data regarding awareness and practices among subjects before and after nutrition education was collected by using pretested survey schedule by personal interview method. After intervention significantly high percent of subjects from experimental group gained knowledge that greens are rich sources of nutrients and followed the practice of using lid for cooking of vegetables to avoid loss of nutrients. Significantly higher percent (66.67) of subjects followed the correct practice of disposal of waste water and 90 percent subjects became aware of incidence of mosquitoes due to stagnated water surroundings. Furthermore intervention resulted in significant improvement in the knowledge, awareness and practices of pregnant women regarding breast feeding and weaning. Implementation of nutrition education proved effective means to improve awareness and practices of rural pregnant women regarding diet, personal hygiene, breast feeding and weaning.

3 tables, 8 ref

020281   Nithya D J;Bhavani R V (NO, Leveraging Agriculture for Nutrition in South Asia (LANSA), M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Email: djnithya@mssrf.res.in) : Do dietary diversity indices reflect the nutritional status of school aged children?. Indian J Nutr Diet 2016, 53(4), 405-16.

Dietary Diversity, with foods from all food groups is necessary to meet the requirements for essential nutrients which lead to good health. This study examines whether different dietary diversity indices have relationship with the nutritional status of school children aged 6 to 12 years, in two different regions of India: Wardha district, Maharashtra and Koraput district, Odisha. Dietary diversity was calculated using three methods: Individual food scores calculated using 24 hour diet recall (FS_24hr) data; household dietary diversity using Berry's index (DDI) and food scores calculated using food frequency data (FS_FFQ). Anthropometric indices were used to assess the nutritional status of school aged children. The Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (NAR) and the Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR) were calculated as indicators of nutrient adequacy. The relationship between NAR, MAR and three different diversity indices, dietary diversity and anthropometric indices were analyzed. Overall, 38% of 6 to 12 year school aged children were found to be undernourished. The NAR was <60>70% for all nutrients except protein, energy, thiamine and niacin and MAR was found to be <60>70% of requirement with mean of 60.5% in both locations. The dietary diversity was found to be relatively better in Wardha when compared with Koraput. The mean diversity indices in both the locations were FS_24hr 7.56, DDI 89 and FS_FFQ 62.9. Overall most of the nutrient adequacy and mean adequacy were correlated with all three dietary diversity indices when both locations were studied together. However all three dietary diversity indices failed to show any relationship with nutritional status of school children aged 6-12 years from both locations taken together.

1 illus, 4 tables, 32 ref

020280   Mamatha C;Prakash J (Food Science and Nutrition Dep, Manasagangotri, Mysore Univ, Mysore-570 006, Email: jampr55@hotmail.com) : Formulation of iron fortified masala powders and assessment of nutritional and sensory qualities. Indian J Nutr Diet 2016, 53(3), 330-42.

Tamarind (Tamarindus indica), an acidulant spice, is a rich source of tartaric acid, an iron absorption promoter. Hence, in this context, - 404 - the study aimed at formulating iron fortified tamarind based spice mixes used for South Indian dishes (Puliyogare, Rasam, Bisibele-bhat and Sambar) and analyze their nutritional and sensory quality. Masala powders were formulated using tamarind powder, pulses, salts and spices and fortified with either ferrous sulfate or ferrous fumarate to yield 2.0 mg iron/100g or ml of serving. Non-fortified products served as controls. Products were analyzed for nutrients, anti-nutrients and bio accessible iron using standard methods and evaluated for sensory attributes by 48-60 members. The range of constituents in dry tamarind and control masala powder per 100g respectively were as follows:- protein, 3.68 and 5.30-8.70%; fat, 0.36 and 3.26-6.80%; iron,18.27 and 6.2-11.5mg; calcium, 97.4 and 120.6-198.9mg; oxalates, 120.1 and 156.5- 366.2mg; phytates, 728.4 and 122.2- 176.7mg and tannins, 1240 and 204-233.2mg. Iron content in fortified products ranged from 28.3-47.2mg/100g respectively. More than 70% of iron was bioaccessible in iron fortified products, in comparison to 30-37% in control products. All the products were highly acceptable by panel members for all sensory attributes.

1 illus, 4 tables, 26 ref

020279   Khan S;Vishwanath Kumar;Priya N;Yadav S S (Community Medicine Dep, Teerthankar Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre, Teerthankar, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, Email: drsamreen2k4@gmail.com) : Handwashing practices among the caregivers of under five children in rural and urban areas of Moradabad, India: a community based study. Int J med Sci pub Hlth 2017, 6(1), 133-8.

Handwashing is listed as one of the single most effective public health intervention which directly and indirectly decreases the mortality among young children by eliminating over 90% of infections. But, unfortunately, the knowledge and practice of hand washing in the community appeared to be poor even today. The present study was carried out to study the handwashing practices of care givers, which could be a critical factor in the development of disease in the young ones. Objective was to study the handwashing practices among caregivers of children under 5 years of age and to assess and compare the handwashing practices according to the area of residence (Urban/ Rural). A community based knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) cross-sectional study in the registered field practice areas of both urban and rural field practice areas of Department of Community Medicine, Teerthankar Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre, Moradabad. The survey was carried out on 200 study participants using a selfa?' designed and pre-tested questionnaire. Descriptive statistics as well as simple proportion were calculated with SPSS 20.0. According to maximum number of participants, hand washing was important. As opposed to the maximum number of people who used soap and water in urban areas, majority in rural areas used plain water for handwashing before preparing food and before feeding their children. There is a need to raise awareness among care givers of under five children who should maintain a high standard of cleanliness at all times to prevent infections.

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020278   Jain K;Bhatnagar V (Foods and Nutrition Dep, College of Home Science, Maharana Pratap Univ of Agriculture and Techn, Udaipur-313 001, Email: kapilajain10@gmail.com) : Impact of dietary module on nutritional knowledge and consumption pattern of type 2 diabetic patients at risk of cardiac diseases. Indian J Nutr Diet 2016, 53(4), 433-46.

As diabetes is a disease which continues for a lifetime, the proper therapy methods should be applied in order to control the disease, remove or relief the symptoms, prevent and delay the complications. Patients have a major role in the control and treatment of T2DM. So knowledge of different aspects of this disease especially diet therapy is very important for these patients. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of nutrition education on diabetic patient's nutritional knowledge and food consumption habits. To provide nutrition - 403 - education, an evaluated dietary module with the help of 16 panel members was developed. Further in this study, diabetic subjects were divided into two groups, experimental (50 subjects) and control (50 subjects). Nutrition education with the help of module was provided to the experimental group and not to the control group. In order to determine the nutritional knowledge, 30 questions related to general facts and management information about disease were presented to the patients. "24 hour recall method" for three consecutive days was used to determine the food intake. Further daily intake of energy and other nutrients were determined using computer software. At the end of nutrition education, significant differences were detected in experimental group regarding nutritional knowledge, dietary and nutrient intake and a higher percentage change was also observed in experimental group as compared to control group. The efficacy of the dietary module in improving nutritional knowledge, dietary intake was confirmed in the present study because obtained results indicated that education was effective in changing their consumption habits.

6 tables, 24 ref

020277   Divate A D;Atkari V T;Thakor N J;Sawant A A (NO, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kosbad Hill, Dist. Palghar, Email: rvinodatkari@gmail.com) : Potential functional implications of finger millet (Eleusine coracana) in health and disease. Indian J Nutr Diet 2016, 53(4), 475-86.

Finger millet (Eleusine coracana), also known as Nachani, Ragi or Nagli, is one of third most important millet (sorghum and pearl millet) grown in tropical semi-arid regions of the world primarily in India and Africa. The aim of the study is to review the potential health benefits of finger millet. Desk reviews were collected from Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli University, Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, libraries and other web sources etc. Finger millet is rich in several nutrients as well as non-nutrients such as phenols. It has high energy, has less starch, high fiber (3.6 g/ 100 g, most of which is insoluble), has low glycemic index (55) and is gluten free. The protein content ranges from 5.6 to 12.70% and it is low in lysine, tryptophan, threonine and the sulfur-containing amino acids. The energy of millet is greater than sorghum and nearly equal to that of brown rice because the lipid content is generally higher (1.3 to 2%). Total ash content is higher in finger millet than in commonly consumed cereal grains. The ash content has been found to be nearly 1.7 to 4.13% in finger millet. Calcium and iron content of finger millet ranged from 162 to 487 mg% and 3.61 mg/100 g to 5.42 mg% respectively. Calcium deficiency leading to bone and teeth disorder, iron deficiency leading to anemia can be overcome by introducing finger millet in our daily diet. They are also recognized for their health beneficial effects, such as anti-diabetic, anti-tumerogenic, atherosclerogenic effects, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.

3 tables, 46 ref

020276   Chamoli R;Gupta S (Food and Nutrition Dep, Institute of Home Economics, Delhi Univ, Delhi, Email: ritushri.uniyal@gmail.com) : Dietary practices and nutritional status of elderly having varied dental status. Indian J Nutr Diet 2016, 53(4), 417-32.

Advancing age brings with it lots of physiological changes in the body and loss of teeth is one of them. Lack of appropriate dental health may pose difficulties which may make the elderly vulnerable to dietary restrictions with possible consequences on their nutritional status. The present study was undertaken to assess and compare the dietary practices and nutritional status of elderly having varied dental status. A total of 90 free living elderly men and women (60 - 80 years) belonging to middle income group; 30 using no dentures, 30 with fixed dentures/ implants and 30 using removable dentures constituted the study sample. Data were gathered from the subjects using a questionnaire-cum-interview schedule and one day 24 hour diet recall method. Anthropometric measurements were also taken. The findings revealed that elderly using removable or fixed dentures/ implants had better self-perception about their dental status, experienced less - 402 - discomfort while eating and had lower adverse effect on their chewing ability as compared to non-denture wearers. Elderly with fixed dental implants also had slightly better intakes of more nutrients, however, no distinct pattern was observed between the elderly from different groups. Elderly, not using any dentures in spite of having less number of natural teeth experienced reduced pleasure in eating different types of foods and were at the maximum risk of a compromised nutritional status among the three study groups. It could be concluded that getting their lost teeth replaced either as fixed implants or using removable dentures may help elderly enjoy a variety of foods and meet their nutritional requirements optimally.

5 tables, 28 ref

020275   Bhagyasri A;Naveen Kumar R;Balakrishna N; Sudershan Rao V (NO, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Jamai-Osmania P.O., Hyderabad-500 007, Email: vemulasr@yahoo.com) : Exposure assessment of artificial sweeteners among type 2 diabetic, overweight and obese individuals. Indian J Nutr Diet 2016, 53(3), 268-76.

In recent years consumption of artificially sweetened foods and beverages became popular in India, with the regulatory formulations to use them in selected foods; their inclusion especially in sweets, biscuits and beverages has increased. There are many concerns rising regarding their safety and is becoming an area of controversy. So an exposure assessment has been carried out to evaluate intake levels among type II diabetic, overweight and obese individuals. A cross-sectional study design was applied and a food frequency questionnaire was used to obtain the information on consumption pattern. Range, standard deviation and mean daily intake levels were calculated and the values were compared with an appropriate Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI). Results indicated that, the mean daily intake levels of aspartame (0.85±0.75) were found to be high among type 2 diabetic individuals whereas sucralose (0.41±0.41) and acesulfame-k (0.07±0.02) were high among overweight group. There was a significant difference (p<60>0.0001) observed in intake levels among both groups and all the sweeteners were found to be well within the ADI levels.

2 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

020274   Adiyaman P;Hemalatha G;Kanchana S;Parvathi S (All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Home Science, Food Science, Home Science College & Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Uni, Madurai-625 104, Email: adhiyaman1984@gmail.com) : Determination of the total polyphenolic content and total antioxidant capacity of commonly consumed foods in Tamil Nadu. Int J Sci Nat 2016, 7(4), 782-5.

This study aimed to identify the total polyphenolic content and measure the antioxidant capacity present in selected foods viz., Oryza sativa (rice), Cajanus cajan L. (red gram), Solanum tuberosum (potato), Solanum melongena (brinjal), Raphanus sativus (radish), Daucus carota subsp. sativus (carrot), Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), Manilkhara achras (sapota), Psidium guajava (guava), Capsicum annuum L. (Green chilli), Coriandrum sativum (coriander seeds) and Cuminum cyminum (cumin seeds). Results showed that, the acidified 80% methanol extract of the cumin seeds showed highest total polyphenolic content (195.24 mg GAE / 100 g FWB) next to coriander seeds (133 mg GAE / 100g FWB), whereas the lowest total polyphenolic content (2.98 mg GAE /100 g FWB) was seen in radish. Antioxidant capacity was determined by the free radical-scavenging (DPPH) and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Among the selected foods, the effectiveness in the total antioxidant capacity was obtained in decreasing order by sapota<60>carrot<60>brinjal<60>tom - 401 - ato<60>radish<60>guava<60>potato<60>cumin seeds<60>red gram<60>coriander seeds<60>rice<60>green chilli which was correlated positively to the result of FRAP assay. The percentage inhibition (radical scavenging activity) was also found to be highest (85.76%) in sapota and lowest in green chilli (63.45%). Overall, the presence of highest total polyphenolic content did not have major impact on total antioxidant capacity of the selected foods which may be accompanied to the presence of other bio-active compounds like flavonoids, flavonols, tannins, vitamin C etc.,

1 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref

019323   Tamang S;Thapa K K (NO, Botany Dinhata College, Political Science and Dep, Email: kishoret_00@yahoo.com) : Ban jhankri: Belief in the existence of natural deity in contemporary societies of darjeeling hills. Indian Sci Cruiser 2017, 31(1), 28-34.

Ancillary healthcare system in the contemporary society of Darjeeling hills of India have been studied especially on the faith healers. Dhami, Jhankri, Bijuwa, Boomhthing, Baidang, Ojha are found treating people where people's belief is considered as focus of treatment. Interestingly the study observed that there are unique healers who are specialized in spirit healing and other rituals trained by their spirit deity (trainer) called Ban Jhankri. In this modern age too patients come to them for those which modern medical practitioners fail to understand the cause of the ailment especially on psychological disorder. They are believed to act as trance between the physical and spiritual world. The present ethnobiological study finds the existence of Ban Jhankri as a scientific quest. Legacy of such a natural deity in the contemporary rituals need an attention as a cultural heritage and in Sikkim a tourism spot is also made and named as Ban Jhankri falls.

3 tables, 15 ref

019322   Saravanan D;Jayasree T M;Felix A J W; Ethirajan N (Community medicine Dep, RMMCH, Chidambaram, Email: sangeesara2211@gmail.com) : Descriptive study on TV viewing habits among general population - Tamilnadu. Natn J Res Community Med 2016, 5(2), 87-90.

Objectives was to identify the frequency and time spent on watching TV, to categories and identify the programs preferred by population of different age group and to find out the influence of TV on behaviors of children and adolescents. Chidambaram population is selected by convenient sampling. Data was collected by pretested proforma and analysis was done using descriptive statistics. Out of 569 population surveyed from 150 houses holds 51.6% had dish connection, 62.6% of females watched TV for 1-3 hrs/day, males preferred (50%) News as first preference where as female's serials (49%), 32% of family reported to have dispute among family members for changing channel. The duration of TV viewing habits in general have increased in population.

3 tables, 9 ref

019321   Rathod B D;Bhaisare S D;Dave K K (Medicine Dep, GGMC, Mumbai, Email: sunil18bhaisare@gmail.com) : Correlation of haemolytic factors and hydroxyurea treatment in sickle cell anaemia with pulmonary hypertension. J Evolution med dent Sci 2017, 6(60), 4398-402.

6 tables, 27 ref

019320   Kodali P B (Public Health Dep, School of Medicine and Public Health, Central Univ of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Kasaragod District, Periye-671 316, Email: prakashkodali@cukerala.ac.in) : Understanding the sufficiency of community based nutritional interventions: A social determinants perspective. Al Ameen J med Sci 2017, 10(3), 216-24.

The relationship between socio-economic determinants and health is well known, and it is well established particularly with respect to malnutrition. Importantly, the health of those who are at the lowest strata such as those belonging to deprived social classes and women is worst hit. Considering that women face health inequities the most, the government of India launched "Rajiv Gandhi scheme for empowerment of adolescent girls" also called as "Sabala Yojana". The current study attempted to understand the interplay of the socio-economic determinants, in a national programme context and explain how they influence the utilization of benefits of Sabala Yojana by adolescent girls. Methodology: The study utilized a Quantitative led qualitative mixed-methods approach. Structured questionnaire was used for quantitative data collection whereas In-depth Interview guides were used for qualitative data collection. Descriptive and Inferential statistics were used for quantitative data analysis, thematic analysis was adopted for qualitative data analysis. Mean BMI = 16.29 (N= 219), SD = ± 2.79. Regression Analysis BMI and Caste of Individual: Constant (b₀)= 14.496, (t)= 78. 270, p ≤ 0.01 (r² = 0.580) for OC, OBC and Other caste groups (b)= 4.275, (t) 17.299, ≤ 0.01; BMI and Income: Constant (b₀)=10.162, (t) = 22.493, p ≤ 0.01 (r² = 0.53). for income (b)= 0.01, (t) = 15.55, p ≤ 0.01. Regularity of supplies, overburdening because of multiple programmes, poverty, lack of proper storage facilities, quality of the nutritional supplements, Utilization of Supplements for Household needs and Iniquitous utilization of supplies at household level were the emergent qualitative themes. The results of the study show that though the nutrition supplementation programmes provide considerable inputs, the efficient utilization of benefits is influenced by several social determinants, which if unchecked makes - 380 - the success of the programme nonachievable.

2 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

019319   Karthikeyan G;Shirodkar U;Rajivlochan M;Birch S (Cardiology Dep, Cardiothoracic Sciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Science, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110 029, Email: karthik2010@gmail.com) : Appropriateness-based reimbursement of elective invasive coronary procedures in low- and middle-income countries: Preliminary assessment of feasibility in India. Natn med J India 2017, 30(1), 11-14.

Elective coronary interventional procedures are often overused and sometimes inappropriately used. The incentives for overuse are greater in low- and middle-income countries, where much of healthcare is provided by poorly regulated, fee-for-service systems. Overuse and inappropriate use increase healthcare costs and are potentially harmful to patients. Linking appropriate use of elective procedures to their reimbursement might deter overuse. We explored the feasibility of introducing appropriateness criteria as a precondition to settling reimbursement claims in a publicly funded health insurance scheme in Maharashtra, India. Clinical algorithms were developed from the current best-practice criteria and used to determine appropriateness at the time of obtaining pre-authorization for elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgeries. The number of PCIs as a proportion of the total number of procedures reimbursed under the scheme was the primary outcome measure. This proportion was compared for 1-year periods before and - 379 - after implementation of appropriateness-based reimbursement, using the chi-square test. Comparisons were also made separately for public and private hospitals. The change in the proportion of CABG surgeries over the same time periods was used as a comparator (as they are less subject to inappropriate use). The insurance scheme provided cover to a population of 20 424 585 (18.2% of the population of Maharashtra) in 8 districts, through 106 hospitals (73 private and 33 public). There was a 12.3% (95% CI 8.9%-15.5%, p=0.0001) reduction in the proportion of PCIs performed in the 1-year period after the introduction of appropriateness-based reimbursement. The reduction was similar for public and private hospitals. There was no significant change in the proportion of CABG surgeries (2.3% v. 2.2%, p=0.20). At current rates, use of appropriateness-based reimbursement would result in approximately 783 (95% CI 483-1099) less PCIs with potential annual savings of about Rs. 57 million (US$ 0.93 million; 95% CI 0.57-1.3) to the government scheme. It seems feasible to implement an appropriateness-based system for reimbursement of elective coronary interventional procedures in a government-funded health insurance scheme in a developing country. This potentially cost-saving approach may reduce inappropriate use.

2 illus, 11 ref

019318   Gondhali G;Bhattad S (Shrikrishna Medicare, Opposite Bhattad Hospital, Bus Stand, Latur-413 512, Email: shitalbhattadgonhali@gmail.com) : Fruitfulness of rajiv gandhi jivandayi yojana to patients of end-stage kidney disease taking dialysis. J Evolution med dent Sci 2017, 6(64), 4649-51.

1 illus, 5 tables, 13 ref

019317   Bajpai V;Singh N;Sardana H;Sanjana Kumari; Vettiyil B;Saraya A (Centre for Social Medicine and Community Health, Jawaharal Nehru Univ, New Delhi-110 067, Email: ansaraya@yahoo.com) : Economic and social impact of out-of-pocket expenditure on households of patients attending public hospitals. Natn med J India 2017, 30(1), 15-20.

We aimed to generate evidence on the social and economic impact of out-of-pocket expenses incurred by households on illness. We did a hospital-based cross-sectional study including a convenience sample of 374 inpatients and outpatients. The median illness expenditure was the same (Rs. 62 500) for inpatients and outpatients. Of all respondents, 51.3% among the rural and 65.5% among the urban patients were employed before illness, but after illness only 24.4% among the rural and 23.4% among the urban patients remained in employment. The proportion of rural households of different socioeconomic categories that experienced decrease in expenditure on food, education and health, and those who had to sell land or cattle, and the education of whose children suffered was statistically significant. The proportion of indebted families in different socioeconomic classes was also statistically significant among both rural and urban patients. The lowest socioeconomic strata depended mostly upon the financial support of their friends to tide over the financial crisis of an illness. The study shows that out-of-pocket expenses on healthcare are a burden not only for the poor but also the middle classes.

1 illus, 9 tables, 24 ref

018351   Yadav S;Singh N (HD&FS Dep, School for Home Science, B.B.A.U., Lucknow) : Morbidity status and healthy life pattern among residential home and old age home: A comparative study. Indian J Prev Soc Med 2014, 45(3-4), 153-8.

The disability-adjusted life year (DALY) extends the concept of potential years of life lost due to premature death to include equivalent years of "healthy" life lost by virtue of being in states of poor health or disability. One DALY can be thought of as one lost year of "healthy" life, and the burden of disease can be thought of as a measurement of the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives into old age, free of disease and disability. This study was carried out for a period 11 months. The approach adopted for the study was descriptive one (purposive study). In the present study the study subjects were 120. They consisted of 60 +60 in number correspondelly from old age home and residential home. Perinatal information was obtained by - 396 - interviewing then using predesigned and pretested proforma. Forty nine (40-43%) out of 120 subjects, had serious morbidities. This was more residential home (55.0%) than old age home (26.67%). Highest range of treatment preference was for private sector. Gout had hypertension were present in 15.85% subjects. Older person in old age home lived in a better condition than those in residential home.

2 illus, 3 tables, 10 ref

018350   Srivastava S;Chakravarty A (NO, Banaras Hindu Univ, H/27 Kabir Colony, Varanasi-221 005, Email: srivastava.shilpi81@gmail.com) : Contribution of daily physicalactivity to increasing obesity in women. Indian J Prev Soc Med 2014, 45(3-4), 188-93.

The present study was conducted to find out the physical activity pattern of women residing in Banaras Hindu University. In Banaras Hindu University the residential area is divided into 12 colonies. To fulfill this objective 350 women of reproductive age (15-49 yrs) were selected from these colonies. The information regarding general profile, socioeconomic status and physical activity pattern was collected through questionnaire. The data on physical activity pattern of women showed that daily physical activity such as, sweeping and swabbing, washing utensils, washing clothes (without washing machine), cycling, exercise/yoga, morning walk, evening walk, morning & evening both walk and walk after the dinner practices were not found in maximum women of all BMI groups. Sleeping pattern at night shows that majority of underweight (67.24%), normal weight (68.38%) and overweight (65.31%) women were sleeping at night 2:8 hours whereas maximum obese grade I (51.89%) and obese grade II (70.0%) women were sleeping 4-7 hours.

3 tables, 13 ref

018349   Singh S;Alok Kumar;Kansal S (Community Medicine Dep, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi-221 005) : Adolescent perception about family life education (FLE): A cross-sectional study in Rural Varanasi. Indian J Prev Soc Med 2014, 45(3-4), 212-17.

There are 243 million adolescents comprising almost 20% of the total population of India which clearly shows that India is truly a young. This sheer number itself is a big challenge in itself (UNICEF, 2011). This youngster, often referred as the 'future of the country' potentially represents future generations of parents, teachers, and upcoming leaders in the globalizing world. In Indian society public discussion on sexual matter is considered as a taboo because it is very sensitive subject. Family life education or sex education refers to a broad programme designed to impart knowledge/training regarding - 395 - values, attitudes and practices affecting family relationships. This is a Community based cross-sectional study using a mix method approach (qualitative and quantitative) was conducted between January, 2011 to June, 2011. The findings of the study were based on a sample of 650 adolescent girls in the age-group of 15 to 19 years from rural eastern Uttar Pradesh (UP). The selection of a district, tehsil, block, villages and finally a complete enumeration of the adolescent girls in 15-19 years age-group formed different stages of the sampling technique. The instrument of data collection was a personal interview method for quantitative and FGD for qualitative. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Awareness about family life education was only 8% & about 7% perceived it to be important whereas only 5% received this education. The study observes very low awareness about FLE. Therefore it must be included in all schools curriculum to create awareness among adolescents about menarche, menstrual hygiene, RTI/STI & HIV/AIDS, family planning, various issues related to sexuality & various acts related to reproductive health.

3 tables, 8 ref

018348   Sharma M;Mishra S (Human Development & Family Studies Dep, School for Home Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Univ, (A Central Univ), Lucknow, Email: meghasharma0306@gmail.com ) : Determinants of low birth weight and relationship between maternal nutrition and birth weight of infants. Indian J Prev Soc Med 2015, 46(3-4), 128-37.

Birth Weight of infants is - 394 - the single most important indicator of infants mortality, morbidity and disability. It is also an important predictor of infant's health status in later life. Being a developing country, in India, loss birth weight babies is problem. India reports a 28 % of low birth weight prevalence, which is significantly higher than its global estimates. According to NFHS -3 (2005-2006) reported population of low birth weight is aboul 23% in rural and 19% in urban areas. Studies conducted in the past shows high prevalence of low birth weight in north region of the country. There are also evidences of high prevalence of low birth weight in Lucknow, which is politically as well as socially the capital of North India. A descriptive study on maternal biosocial determinants was conducted in order to determine the prevalence of low birth weight in the study area and to identify the major determinants of low birth weight. The study was conducted on 310 mother infant pairs in the maternity wards of two combined hospitals of Lucknow and Ghaziabad District of Utter Pradesh. An elaborated questionnaire was used to collect the information from the respondents. Respondents were interviewed and information thus collected was entered in SPSS software. Regression Analysis has been done to identify associated risk factors of low birth weight. Chi square test was applied to determine the independency of various factors with birth weight of infants. Coefficient of correlation was calculated to see the strength of association. P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant, at 95 % confidence interval. Prevalence of low birth weight in the study area was found 61.3% and the mean birth weight was 2.350 grams. The results of regression analysis shows that the various factors studied have significant association with birth weight of infants; although some factors have positive correlation with birth weight and other have negative impact on birth weight of infants. Dietary routine, food intake, history of previous prematurity, infection and hemorrhage, Hemoglobin level and BMI of mother and gestational age of infants were the factors which have been found significantly associated with outcomes of birth weight. Maternal age, total weight gain in pregnancy, birth interval and morbidity in pregnancy were found weak association with low birth weight. From the results of the study we concluded that maternal overall health and nutritional status has a significant impact on birth weight of infants. There is a need to provide proper health education to women and to aware them about the importance of good nutrition and proper antenatal care for their own health and wellbeing of upcoming infant.

11 tables, 8 ref

018347   Sangwan V;Boora P (Foods and Nutrition Dep, I.C. College of Home Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar, Haryana-125 004, Email: veenu1484@yahoo.com) : Study of the safety consumer perception and consumption of the street foods sold in Hisar city, Haryana. Indian J Prev Soc Med 2015, 46(1-2), 16-21.

The present study was conducted in Hisar City of Haryana to assess the consumers' perception, preference, safety aspects and consumption of street foods. It was found that 64% of working men and 24% of working women preferred one time meal basically lunch from street food vendors. Majority (36%) of girl students consumed street foods on alternate days while 40% of boys preferred street foods weekly. On an average 32% of students consumed street foods on alternate days followed by 30%, 24 % and 14% who consumed street food weekly, daily and fortnightly. It was found that the majority of working males were not bothered about the food hygiene (76%) and food quality (72%) while working women were more conscious towards both food hygiene (64%) and quality (66%) of food sold. The working people were more sensitive towards street food hygiene and quality in comparison to the students. It could be assumed that the students were more influenced by the taste of food and cared Iess for its hygiene and safety. The street food vendors totally ignored the personal hygiene aspects which in turn could have a detrimental effect on the food safety and hygiene. They were handling money (100%) while serving food and majority (96.7%) of them served food with bare hands which could be a potent source for introduction of microbes in the food. There is felt need for in-depth study for finding out correlation between street food consumption and health of the Indian consumers for reaching at more conclusive recommendations for consumers and the vendors, on the nutritional quality of food sold. There is urgent need to sensitize the consumers for demanding safe, hygienic and nutritious food and at the same time to train the street food vendors to cater to consumer demand.

5 tables, 14 ref

018346   Roy C;Amirthaveni M (Food Science and Nutrition Dep, Avinashilingam Univ for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore-641 043) : Nutritional and health profile of 17-21 years to-be mothers. Int J Sci Nat 2017, 8(2), 409-13.

A total of 100 adolescent girls of 17-21 years old were selected from Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher education for women randomly for the study. Anthropometric parameters such as height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference and WHR were measured using - 393 - standardized procedures. Biochemical estimation was done to find the haemoglobin level. Food weighment was used to find out the food and nutrient intake. Majority of the subjects belongs to lower socio economic status and very few belonged to high income group. Most of the subjects were underweight and some were coming under the obesity range and others were normal. Most of the adolescent girls selected for the study was found to be skipping meals and almost all were having problems during menstruation and among them few have Polycystic Ovary Syndrome sings. Haemoglobin level was found to be normal among most of the selected subjects; a few were coming under anaemic range. Morbidity status such as cold and cough was found to be more and some micronutrient and calcium intake was found to be deficit. Nutritional deficiency is still evident among the study population of adolescent girls which directly influence the health status. So, the adolescent girls should be more aware regarding their health and diet because they are the future mothers.

3 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

018345   Rawat C;Singh R (Human Developement and Family Studies Dep, G.B.P.U.A & T, Patnagar, Uttarkhand-263 145, Email: ritu.singh07@gmail.com) : Effect of family type on emotional maturity of adolescents. J hum Ecol 2017, 57(1-2), 47-52.

The current study assessed and compared the emotional maturity of 320 senior secondary school students across different family type from both Uttarkashi and U.S Nagar districts of Uttarakhand. Adolescents between the age ranges of 16 to 20 years were selected using Simple Random Sampling without Replacement. Self-designed socio-demographic questionnaire and Emotional Maturity Scale was used to study the socio-demographic characteristics and emotional maturity of respondents, respectively. Z-test was employed to find out the significance across different family type and emotional maturity of respondents. Results revealed that adolescents from joint families were more emotionally progressive, socially well adjusted, had adequate personality and were independent than those from nuclear families. The prominent reason for a significant difference in emotional maturity across family setup was observed to be family composition, climate and traditions, and confounding factors.

2 table, 8 ref

018344   Nomngcoyiya T;Kangethe S M (Social Work Dep, Fort Hare Univ, P/B X1314, Alice Town, South Africa, Email: tnomngcoyiya@ufh.ac.za) : Review of pros and cons between traditional male circumcision and medical male circumcision in the contemporary South Africa. J hum Ecol 2017, 58(3), 146-52.

The relevance and benefits of Traditional Male Circumcision (TMC) as opposed to Medical Male Circumcision (MMC) has been a topical issue globally. The purpose of this paper through desktop review seeks to elicit debates, discussions, discourses and analysis of the pros and cons between Traditional Male Circumcision (TMC) and Medical Male Circumcision (MMC). The following underpinning factors have been identified to be a panacea: TMC as an identity maker; TMC harnesses social status. TMC phenomenon is also considered to be perfidious because of: Clinical hazards and illegal initiation schools; para-professionalism associated with traditional practitioners; and conflict between the culture of TMC and modernity. The present paper recommends that: Public need to be afforded a principle of self-determination; a need for all relevant TMC stakeholders to embrace the current gaps in the TMC; and allow other TMC stakeholders to decide whether to supplant MMC or find ways to improve TMC.

^iia 25 ref

018343   Niyongabo P;Makonese T (Faculty of Engineering and the Bulit Environment, Johannesburg Univ, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa, Email: primen@uj.ac.za) : Analysis of household energy uses in mubuga informal settlement, Gitega, Burundi. J hum Ecol 2017, 57(1-2), 38-46.

This paper presents an analysis of household energy uses in an informal settlement in Mubuga, Gitega, Burundi. At the time of the survey, the houses in Mubuga were not connected to the national electricity grid. Data were collected from a survey of 100 households through structured and open interviews. Of the interviewed households, 84 percent indicated that they used fuelwood as a primary energy source for cooking. About 94 percent used charcoal for commercial (barbecuing/grilling meat) purposes and 22 percent used it for domestic cooking. For lighting, kerosene accounted for 55 percent followed by candles (36%) and rechargeable lanterns (10%). - 392 - Households in Mubuga used multiple energy carriers for cooking and heating needs. It is therefore recommended that intervention models that advocate for multiple fuel use should be promoted in the area. This allows indigent families to freely choose cooking fuels from a set of options.

2 table, 35 ref

018342   Newlin M (Research and Innovation Dep, Walter Sisulu Univ, Queenstown Campus, PO Box 876, Queenstown, 5320, South Africa, Email: nmarongwe@wsu.ac.za) : Public perceptions towards children brought up by single mothers: A case of queenstown, South Africa. J hum Ecol 2017, 58(3), 169-80.

Single motherhood is becoming common in many households across the globe. The paper sought to explain perceptions upheld by community members of Queenstown, about the behaviour of children raised by single mothers. Qualitative approach and phenomenological design were utilised. Purposive sampling technique was used to draw participants from Queenstown area. Face-to-face in-depth interviews, complemented by written narratives were used to collect data. An interpretive phenomenological analysis was employed to analyse data. Verbatim and thick descriptions were used to present data. The paper established that children raised by single mothers were viewed as troublemakers who had lost values because they had no adult males to model and be disciplined by. The paper concluded that the society still views children raised by single mothers as problematic and a threat to social order. The community should accept single mother families and view them as normal families just like the 'traditional' family.

49 ref

018341   Narahari N S;Prashant V (NO, , ) : Statistical view point of road accidents due to mobile phone usage while driving. J Commun Engng Syst 2016, 6(2), 16-20.

The proliferation of mobile technology and its widespread use has created an environment of achieving more while driving. Reports related to road accidents estimate that nearly 1.4 million crashes occur as a consequence of drivers being engaged in phone conversation and almost 2 lakh crashes involve distraction due to texts and emails. Driving requires abilities such as attention, memory, judgment, perceptuomotor skills and decision making. The current mobile interface available in market has limitations to adapt to users environment thus it cannot effectively be customized to driving scenario. By a cognitive distraction test conducted using car simulator was seen that driver deviated from the lane 32.5% more times and missed turn signals 31.9% more on an average than drivers without any distraction. Therefore, there is a scope to design user interface (VI) that would address driver distraction holistically and understand user's behaviour and pain points that would not only make driving experience safer but also create value in terms of driving convenience.

018340   Nagargoje K M (NO, , Women and Child Development, Maharashtra State, 28 Queens Garden, Near Old Circuit House, Pune-411 001, Email: nagargojek123@yahoo.co.in) : Effects of dietary intervention on nutritional status of severely undernourished preshoolers from Ahmednagar district, Maharashtra, India. Indian J Nutr Diet 2017, 54(1), 93-110.

The effectiveness of nutrition intervention in severely undernourished preschool children at child development centers and during subsequent follow ups was studied. ICDS survey 2008, for under nutrition among preschoolers was conducted. Admitting severely undernourished children to Child Development Centres (CDCs) with their mothers / care takers for 2-3 weeks was undertaken. Correction of morbidities by using health protocol of WHO, training for preparation of supplementary foods from locally available raw materials and recipes, feeding of children and recording observations on nutritional improvements at CDC and subsequent follow ups upto 30 months was studied. All 14 tahasils of Ahmednagar district, India, 0-6 y preschoolers were included in this study. The application of health and nutrition protocol to severely undernourished children at CDC for 2-3 weeks and subsequent follow up showed marked improvements in their weight gain, IAP grades and SD classification parameters. A continued follow up for extended period is however essential to eliminate the under nutrition in these children.

2 illus, 5 tables, 17 ref

018339   Maurya M;Maurya A K;Pandey P (Pediatrics Dep, MLN Medical College, Allahabad-211 004, Email: drmanisha9@yahoo.com) : Infant and young child feeding indicators in children <60>2 yrs of age in a tertiary care centre. Indian J Nutr Diet 2017, 54(1), 111-14.

^ssc10 ref

018338   Mane S S;Thoke N J;Gunjal S S;Ahire M C; Shivgaje A S (School of Agricultural Sciences, Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open Univ, Nashik) : Level of job satisfaction of the teachers working in private agricultural colleges. Bioinfolet 2017, 14(3), 292-4.

Job satisfaction level of the teachers working in private agricultural colleges affiliated with Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri was studied and it was observed that majority (69%) teachers had medium level of job satisfaction Most of them were males, middle aged, married, qualified M. Sc. (Agri.) and those were coming from joint and big families, they had medium level of motivation, aspiration, teaching attitude, salary received, workload, job involvement as well as occupational stress. Correlation analysis has revealed that age, sex, teaching experience, salary received, facilities available, job involvement and attitude towards college had significant relationship with job satisfaction (p= 0.01). The correlation of job satisfaction with educational qualification, type of family, size of family, in service training, publication behaviour, participation in professional organization, workload, achievement motivation, level of aspiration and occupational stress were found be not significant. The value of coefficient of multiple determinations (R²) was 0.65 indicating 65 per cent variation in the level of job satisfaction due to the eighteen parameters considered during present investigation.

2 tables, 3 ref

018337   Kimaro M E;Ndlovu J (Geography Dep, Namibia Univ, History & Environmental Studies, Windhoek, Namibia, Email: mekimaro@unam.na) : Evaluating the role of small private tourism businesses in poverty alleviation: A corporate social responsibility approach in Namibia. J hum Ecol 2017, 58(3), 132-45.

Private tourism businesses in Namibia are faced with the challenge of establishing a business environment where their positive impacts on local communities and employees are maximized. The main objective of the paper was to assess the impact of corporate social responsibility in reducing poverty and its role in uplifting rural livelihoods. A sample of 75 middle managers and employees and 10 representatives of the Hai//kom San of the Ombika community were selected purposively. Coding and thematic analysis were used to analyse data from both primary and secondary sources. The results show that pro-poor needs are complex and meaningful contribution of corporate social responsibility to poverty reduction can be linked to the size of the organisation. Although poverty alleviation through corporate social responsibility remains a contested issue, the findings suggest that tourism businesses should adopt preferential procurement of tourism related products and services to enhance their economic, socio-cultural and environmental impacts.

1 illus, 2 tables, 87 ref

018336   John A (Community Medicine Dep, KMCT Medical College, Manassery P.O., Mukkam, Email: dranniejohnputhuchira@gmail.com) : Socioeconomic changes and women empowerment through kudumbashree mission-study of mukkam municipality. J Evolution med dent Sci 2017, 6(55), 4120-3.

5 tables, 11 ref

018335   Jharkhede S K;Sachdeva P (Fashion & Lifestyle Accessories Dep, National Institute of Fashion Technology, New Delhi) : Craft of India: Luxury context. Int J multidiscipl Res Dev 2017, 4(9), 29-32.

India has always been famous for its rich tradition and crafts worldwide. This was the reason why even most of the invaders were attracted towards India. Nowadays tourists travel to India getting allured with the myriads of Arts and crafts practises present here. With exports rising every year, today, Indian Handicrafts have shown a great potential in the domestic as well as international market. But this rise in the demand of 'Handcrafted Indian Products' at the global level has also opened doors for many threats that may result in the exploitation of artisans and the craft itself (As happened in case of 'Chandua of Pipili'). As such, it becomes quite important that crafts must have a higher perceived value, globally, to satisfy the needs of the artisans and the entire craft industry itself, it must turn into luxury. This Paper takes this argument forward and tries to explain the reasons why it is important to turn craft into luxury.

1 illus, 4 ref

018334   Dutta A (Geography Dep, Calcutta Univ, Kolkata, West Bengal) : Modified poverty index of West Bengal: A human development approach. Int J multidiscipl Res Dev 2017, 4(10), 43-50.

Every developing and developed country shall make policies and strategies for substantially reducing overall poverty in the shortest time possible, reducing inequalities and eradicating absolute poverty. Measurement of poverty is a step which is essential for managing it. Though there is a conflict among the regarding the way of measurement, the human development perspective of measurement of poverty is rather rational than the income perspective. This measurement strategy was reflected first on the Human Development Report 1997 by United Nations Development Programme. There after numerous attempts have been made to construct Human Poverty Index (HPI) modifying the original indices published in - 389 - Human Development Report for different countries and states throughout the world. Being an agrarian state, West Bengal in India, also faces the problems of acute and hidden poverty. But a systematic preparation of poverty index of West Bengal is missing for long period. In this present endeavour a district-wise Human Poverty Index for the State of West Bengal have been prepared. It can seriously identify the area of hotspot of poverty and can play a reasonable role in policy making for poverty alleviation programmes.

4 illus, 4 tables, 11 ref

018333   Chattopadhyay P (Home Science Dep, Calcutta Univ, Viharilal Campus, 20B, Judges Court Road, Alipore, Kolkata-700 027, Email: purba25cu@gmail.com) : Looking beyond gender attitudes of rural mothers on tge nurtrition and health of their cildren: A comparative study among santhals and non-santhals in West Bengal. Indian J Nutr Diet 2017, 54(1), 83-92.

Child malnutrition is a chronic problem in India according to NFHS-3, Forty eight per cent of children under the age of five, are stunted due to chronic under nutrition, with 70 % being anaemic. This dismal nutrition situation of children is very much a matter of gender as women differ from men in specific nutritional needs during adolescence, pregnancy and lactation. Further, girls today are women tomorrow which leads to an intergenerational cycle of malnourishment where the under nourished mother gives birth to a malnourished child. Also, women (mothers) are mostly responsible for the up keep and care of the child in its formative years, so her gender attitudes are consequential to the nutritional and health entitlements of the child. In the above context the present study focuses on the nutritional entitlements of the 515 primary school going children of 300 women from three districts of rural West Bengal by applying Clinical Nutrition Survey Chart, 24 h recall method and Food Frequency Questionnaire, health and immunization records. Nutrient intake and consumption frequency of all the 6 food groups, like meat and protein, grains, fruits, vegetables, dairy, fats and oils, were collected for the afore-mentioned sample. SPSS-17 was used for statistical calculation. It was seen gender outlook of the tribal population was more egalitarian than the general population at 0.05% level of significance. Also factors like birth order, age at weaning and mother's age at marriage were detrimental to the malnourishment status of the child.

4 tables, 19 ref

018332   Akkavva Wadakappanavar S;Bharati P (Food Science and Nutrition Dep, College of Rural Home Science, Agricultural Sciences Univ, Dharwad-580 005, Email: akkurani20@gmail.com) : Dietary intake of preschool children of Dharwad taluk, Karnataka. Int J Sci Nat 2017, 8(2), 347-51.

Nutrition of preschool child is of paramount importance, because foundation for life time health, strength, and intellectual abilities are laid down during this period. Intake of all the foods by rural children was on par with urban counterparts, except pulses. Higher per cent of rural than urban children consumed cereals (111.28 and 104g, respectively) other vegetables (33.17 and 32.42g, respectively), milk (98.30 and 90.97ml, respectively) visible fat (7.98, 6.59 g, respectively) and sugar (9.68 and 8.43g, respectively) though not significantly different. The mean intake of major nutrients among all the preschool children studied was less than the Recommended Dietary Allowances of ICMR and that of urban and rural - 388 - children was on par with each other except sodium. Intake of protein was similar in both groups (20.0 in rural and 19.57 g/d, in urban) and could meet 99.50 and 97.36% of RDA, respectively. The intake of minerals like calcium, iron and zinc was lower than the RDA among both rural and urban preschool children. Irrespective of age, gender and locality, higher proportion of children suffered from fever and cold (24.96 and 23.19%, respectively) followed by cough (19.29%) and stomach ache (10.62%) for the past one month. Dietary intake assessment is one of the indirect methods of assessing the nutritional status, as the diet and nutrients consumed will influence the physical and mental growth and development.

1 illus, 3 tables, 11 ref

018331   Adetoogun M F;Ojedokun O E (Institute of Education, Obafemi Aqolowo Univ, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, Email: oojedok@gmail.com) : Assessment of the quality of mid-day meal packaged for nursery school children in ile-ife, Nigeria. Indian J Nutr Diet 2017, 54(1), 29-39.

This study identified the kind of food and snacks packaged as mid-day meal for nursery school children and determined the magnitude of influence of the children on their parents' choice of school-bound mid-day in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The study adopted the survey research design and collected relevant information from parents of nursery school children and their classroom teachers. The study observed that there was no synergy of efforts between the parents and teachers of nursery school children in ensuring that food and snacks of good quality were packaged as mid-day meal for Ile-Ife nursery school children, as Rice with Stew was the most prominent mid-day in their launch pack alongside. Biscuits which have less nutritional value and are not balanced diet-wise.

2 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

016360   Tiwari N;Upadhyay R (Polytechnic in Home Science, Junagadh Agricultural Univ, Amreli, Gujarat, Email: neha.jau14@gmail.com) : Technological empowerment of farm women in terms of gain in knowledge in selected drudgery reduction technologies related to agriculture. Life Sci Bull 2016, 13(2), 197-200.

The present study was conducted in Gonda district of Uttar Pradesh. The purpose of the study was to assess the technological empowerment of farm women in terms of gain in knowledge in selected drudgery reduction technologies related to agriculture. The 100 farm women were covered for technological empowerment through training from two purposively selected Panchayat Samities. Personal interview technique was used for collecting data. The findings of the study reveal that Initially very few respondents (0.80-2.5%) knew about the technologies like wheel hoe and rice transplanter. After exposure of training, tremendous gain in knowledge of the respondents were observed in different aspects of the selected drudgery reducing technologies related to agriculture with overall mean percent scores of 77.4-86.5. After intervention the respondents further gained knowledge about all the selected agriculture technologies indicated by overall MPS 87.3-91.1.

5 tables, 5 ref

016359   Tiwari N;Upadhyay R (Polytechnic in Home Science, Junagadh Agriculture Univ, Amreli, Gujarat, Email: neha.jau14@gmail.com) : Economic empowerment of rural women through - Mahatma Gandhi National rural employment gurantee act (MGNREGA). Life Sci Bull 2016, 13(2), 177-9.

The present study was conducted in Faizabad district of Uttar Pradesh. The purpose of the present study was to find out income and employment generation of the beneficiaries under MGNREGA. The sample consisted of 100 randomly selected respondents from two Panchayat - 352 - Samities. Personal interview technique was used for collecting data. Findings of the study reveal that MGNREGA increase the income and employment of all the beneficiaries after joining the programme.

2 tables, 4 ref

016358   Mertiya S;Upadhyay R (Home Science Extension and Comm. Management Dep, College of Home Sci., MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan, Email: mertiya222@gmail.com) : Entrepreneurial behaviour of rural women in Udaipur district of Rajasthan. Life Sci Bull 2016, 13(2), 207-9.

The study was conducted in Udaipur district of Rajasthan to know the entrepreneurial behaviour of rural women. For present study a sample of 100 respondents was randomly selected from two Panchayat Samities. Majority of the respondents (63%) had medium entrepreneurial behaviour while 37% were in the category of low entrepreneurial behaviour. Majority of respondents had high achievement motivation (83%), low cosmo-politeness 72%, medium information seeking 63% and medium leadership ability 68%. More than half of the respondents were in high category of knowledge 59%, medium assistance of management service 58% and decision making regarding enterprises 51%. The respondents were almost equally distributed in the components like risk taking ability and innovativeness.

2 tables, 7 ref

014455   Pandey K;Vinay D (Family Resource Management Dep, College of Home Science, G. B. Pant Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263 145, Email: Kumkum.pandey.unique@gmail.com) : Optimization of the process parameters in rice mill using response surface methodologhy (RSM). J appl nat Sci 2016, 8(3), 1267-7.

Objective of the current study was to analyze a wooden plank used as a loading ramp to perform manual handling task with a view to redesign and develop the new one for agriculture. Developed ramp was more wide, static and non slippery than the wooden plank. For this purpose experiments were conducted on a group of 10 ex-perienced manual handlers in the KLA rice mill of Rudrapur Block, district Udhamsingh Nagar, Uttarakhand, India. The reliability and validity of the developed, modern loading ramp was assessed by using response surface method-ology in terms of - 410 - change in MSD, heart rate and VO2 max. Therefore RSM was applied to optimize the operating parameters of ramp such as load weight, height of ramp and time. As per Box Behenken design total 17 experi-ments were carried out. Each parameter was varied over three levels as load weight of 40, 50 and 60 kg., height of ramp 3, 4 and 5 feet, and the time viz. 3, 4 and 5 min. ANOVA test and coefficient of determination (R2) were applied. In result it was observed that use of developed pant loading ramp was able to reduce heart rate of se-lected respondent's from 135.4 beats/min. to 126.76 beats/min., MSD from 85.45 to 22.80% and VO2 max from 39.45 to 34L/min.

4 illus, 16 tables, 17 ref