035708   WU Y, DING W, WANG Z, KOENIG H G, SHOHAIB S A (Epidemiology and Statistic Dep, Ningxia Medical Univ, Yinchuan 750004, China, Email: wzhzh_lion@126.com) : The relationship between parental religiosity and school age children’s dietary behavior in ningxia province, China: A cross-sectional study. Ind J Pub Health 2020, 64(2), 154-60.

Studies have shown parental religious involvement was associated with better health behaviors of their children. However, the relationship between parental religiosity and child dietary behaviors remains unclear.  This study aimed to examine the relationship between parental religious involvement and the dietary behaviors of school‑aged children in mainland, China.  Participants were selected from a northwest province of China using a multi‑stage sampling process from July 2017 to October 2017. The frequency of parental religious activities and the importance of religion in life, along with the dietary behaviors of children, were collected using a questionnaire. Dietary pattern analysis coupled with multivariable linear regression was employed to test the association between parental religious involvement and children’s dietary behavior. The regression model indicated no significant relationship between parental religious behaviors and children’s dietary behaviors in the overall sample. However, the frequency of mother’s religious attendance was inversely related to children’s consumption of vegetables (β = −0.40, P < 0.05) in the Hui subsample (vs. Han) when stratifying analyses by ethnicity.  These findings suggest amongthose of Hui ethnicity, parental religious involvement may impact children’s dietary behavior in a way that may affect their future health habits.

3 tables, 38 ref

026110   TARIQ K, TARIQ R, HUSSAIN A, SHAHID M (Public Health Dep, Punjab Univ, Lahore, Pakistan, Email: kalsoomtariq5@gmail.com) : Smartphone usage and its applications among school going children (5-16 Years) in Lahore, Pakistan. J Ecophysiol Occup Health 2018, 18(1-2), 52-8.

To analyze the most used applications on smartphone among school going children (5-16 years). Descriptive cross sectional study comprised of five months (April 2017 to July 2017); concerned community survey i.e. door to door data collection method was carried out in Lahore, Pakistan. Multistage cluster sampling technique was used. 6200 school going children were selected, 4030 (65 %) respond to the study and remaining 2170 (35 %) do not respond to the study (excluded from the research). Among 4030 school going children, 2889 (71.7 %) were smartphone users (included in the analysis) and 1141 (28.3 %) do not use smartphone (excluded in the analysis). Among 2889 school going smartphone users, 1993 (69 %) were short term smartphone users and 896 (31 %) were long term smartphone users. Descriptive statistics and Bivariate logistic regression was applied on the gathered data. Significant associations were found. The use of smartphone for messaging have p-value = 0.19, for Facebook p-value = 0.11, for WhatsApp p-value = 0.043, for playing games p-value < 0.001, for listening music p-value = 0.049, for watching videos and movies p-value = 0.030, for alarm purpose p-value = 0.001 and for camera purpose p-value = 0.015. The research findings showed that most used applications on smartphone among school going children (5-16 years) were WhatsApp and used smartphone for playing games, listening music, watching videos and movies, alarm and camera purpose with respect to which the study was concise.

3 tables, 10 ref

026109   SADEGHI S, SATTARI S (Educational Sciences Dep, Islamic Azad Univ, Iran, Email: sadraddin1356@yahoo.com) : A comparative study of job motivation and work engagement among teachers working in smart and ordinary middle and high schools in Parsabad. J Ecophysiol Occup Health 2018, 18(1-2), 12-7.

The present study was carried out in order to compare job motivation and work engagement among teachers working in smart and ordinary middle and high schools in Parsabad, Ardabil province, Iran. The present study was an applied experiment with regard to its aim, and a causal-comparative non-experimental research regarding the method of data collection. The statistical population of the present study included all teachers working in (smart and ordinary) middle and high schools in Parsabad in the academic year of 2016-17. Morgan table was used to select 60 teachers working in smart schools and 235 teachers working in ordinary schools by a stratified random sampling method. In order to collect the required data, Schaufeli and Bakker Work Engagement Questionnaire (with Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.82) and Hackman and Oldham Job Motivation Questionnaire (with Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.79) were utilized. T-test was used to analyze the collected data. The results of the study showed that there was a significant difference between teachers working in smart and ordinary middle and high schools of Parsabad in terms of job motivation and work engagement, such that teachers of smart schools had a higher level of job motivation and work engagement than those working in ordinary schools. The results also indicated that the mean scores of job motivation and work engagement components were higher among teachers of smart schools than ordinary schools. 

5 tables, 23 ref

026107   CHATURVEDI A, NAKKEERAN N, DOSHI M, PATEL R, BHAGWAT S (Public Health Foundation of India, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, Email: anuraag7@gmail.com) : Determinants of micronutrient fortified blended food (balbhog) consumption among children 6-35 months of age provided through the integrated child development services program in Gujarat, India. Indian J Community Med 2018, 43(2), 97-101.

The state of Gujarat had introduced Extruded Fortified Blended Food, Balbhog, as take‑home ration for children 6–35 months of age. The study aimed to understand awareness, availability, and consumption pattern of Balbhog and gain insights on factors influencing its regular use. This study aims to understand coverage and feeding practices of micronutrient fortified blended food (Balbhog) and determine factors for its regular use. A cross-sectional survey of 1623 households with children of 6–35 months of age registered in Anganwadi centers was conducted in the four districts of Gujarat. Household and dietary survey were conducted to understand child care and feeding practices at household level.The results showed high awareness about Balbhog (88.6 %) among caregivers, with majority reporting using it (81.7 %) before. Regular Balbhog consumption (42.2 %), however, declined considerably across all population characteristics. Monthly distribution of adequate Balbhog packets, taste of Balbhog preparations, meal frequency of children, and caregivers’ participation in the monthly Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) event emerged as strong predictors of regular Balbhog consumption. No disparity in consumption was observed across socioeconomic characteristics of the population. Household feeding practices and ICDS program factors mediated regular use of Balbhog among children. Improving availability of entitled Balbhog packets, raising awareness about Balbhog preparations, and improving child feeding practices could help in increasing Balbhog consumption in the community.

2 tables, 15 ref

026106   DAS M K, CHAUDHARY C, MOHAPATRA S C, SRIVASTAVA V K, KHALIQUE N, KAUSHAL S K, KHANNA R, CHATTERJI S (Community Medicine Dep, SGT Univ, New Delhi - 110 020, Email: manoj@inclentrust.org) : Improvements in essential newborn care and newborn resuscitation services following a capacity building and quality improvement program in three districts of Uttar Pradesh, India. Indian J Community Med 2018, 43(2), 90-6.

Neonatal death remains a global challenge contributing to 45 % of underfive deaths. With rising institutional delivery, to accelerate decline in neonatal mortality rate (NMR) improvement in the quality of perinatal care requires attention. This implementation research targeted improving service delivery readiness for quality of newborn care at public health facilities in three districts of Uttar Pradesh, India, with high NMR.This before-after study assessed the facility readiness and quality of newborn services at 42 health facilities. The changes in 26 signal functions for routine and emergency obstetric and newborn care were tracked.There was marked improvement in newborn service availability: skilled birth attendants (51 %), resuscitation (30 %), and kangaroo mother care (27 %) at these facilities. A multifold rise in newborn resuscitation efforts and documentation (n = 4431 vs. n = 144 in preintervention period) with high success rate (98.6 %) was observed. There was also improvement in obstetric care services including partograph use (31 %) and active management of third stage of labor (46 %). However, several infrastructural indicators (electricity, water supply, toilets, and sanitation) remained unchanged. Overall improvements were observed in the majority of the signal functions for perinatal care and newborn resuscitation efforts. There was a limited impact on the infrastructural and supervision components.

4 tables, 19 ref

026111   PANDEY N, PANDEY N, ANSARI M A (Home Science Dep, Ch. Charan Singh P.G. Coll, Uttar Pradesh, Email: pandeygitu2@gmail.com) : Assessing the farmer's opinion towards usage of mobile phone SMS service : A study of Uttar Pradesh, India. Plant Arch 2018, 18(1), 507-11.

Telecommunications, especially mobile phones, have the potential to provide solution to the existing information asymmetry in various sectors like agriculture. Study focused on the opinion of the farmers regarding IKSL service through mobile phone. To study the socio-personal and communication characteristics of mobile SMS alert/ user farmers. To find out farmers’ opinion towards mobile based IKSL service. Uttar Pradesh was selected purposively, where large majority of the subscribers were benefitting from this service. Maximum number of IKSL subscribers from Lucknow and Kanpur followed by other districts in the eastern Uttar Pradesh. Therefore, Lucknow and Kanpur dehat were selected purposively. From each selected districts, 80 subscribers (who received more than 25 Voice SMS in a month and have used the service for at least two years) were randomly selected (using Probability Proportionate to Size Sampling). Therefore, total sample size was 160 subscribers. Descriptive as well as analytical research design was used. Data was collected using structured interview schedule. Frequency, Percentages, Weighted Mean Scores, Standard Deviation, Range and number of statements was used for data analysis. The study findings revealed that majority of the respondents were male, belonging to middle age group, educated upto intermediate, medium farmers, involved insubsistence farming as well as commercial farming. It was indicated that mobile phone was ranked first closely followed by other media. It is evident that majority (78.13 per cent) of the respondents were most favorable opinion regarding service. It was observed that farmers have positive opinion regarding IKSL service, which is one of the innovative service, provide timely, relevant and trustworthy information to farmers.

5 tables, 4 ref

026108   TIWARI P, THAKUR M (Amity Univ, Noida– 201 303, Email: mthakur1@amity.edu) : Comparative assessment on textural parameters of commercially available and fortified potato chips. Plant Arch 2018, 18(1), 230-4.

Diseases like high cholesterol content and lactose intolerance, among some individual, has led to change in preferences towards foods other than milk to combat the deficiency of calcium. The discrepancy between calcium consumption and requirement has switched the interest of the consumers to calcium fortified products. Processed potato products such as potato chips are widely consumed among vulnerable (children and teenager), therefore can be used as an ideal carrier for targeted nutrient’s delivery i.e. calcium. During potato crisp production, the raw material changes in both texture and color. These changes depend on both potato cultivar and process parameters. The present study was carried out to fortify potato chips with calcium and in turn observed the effect of mineral fortification on texture of chips in comparison with commercial available ones. Fortification of potato chips was done at 15 mm Hg vacuum pressure with GRAS fortificant of calcium (Calcium chloride, E509) using Box-Behnken design of Response Surface Methodology through vacuum impregnation technique. Results showed that optimized process conditions can fortify potato chips at 700mg/100g of calcium level having 460N hardness with acceptable sensory attributes. Textural parameters were found to be similar for both fortified and commercial chips in terms of less number of peaks before fracture and more no of peaks after fracture, reflecting good overall acceptability. Even, calcium fortified potato chips were found to be more acceptable, in terms of higher sensory scores (8.1 on 9-point Hedonic scale versus 8.0 of control preparation), to the consumers in organoleptic evaluation. Thus, mineral fortification for a widely acceptable potato based snacks can be helpful in changing the perception of consumers for potato based snacks from the category of ‘Junk food to Healthy food’.

2 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

026105   KOYU B, SINGH R J, KALAI K, LAITONJAM N, MEENA N K (Central Agricultural Univ, Meghalaya- 793 103, Email: bai.koyu07@gmail.com) : E-Readiness of farmers in agricultural extension system: A case of Ri-Bhoi district, Meghalaya, India. Plant Arch 2018, 18(1), 117-20.

A study was conducted in Umiet village, Ri-Bhoi district, Meghalaya, India, to measure the e-readiness of the agricultural farmers towards use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs.) An index was developed to measure in order to the e-readiness of farmers towards use of ICTs in agricultural extension system. Here, e-readiness is defined as physical, motivational, and literacy readiness of farmers to use ICTs in agricultural extension system. The findings show that majority of the respondents were middle aged (56.25 %), male (57.50 %) and studied up to secondary level (71.25 %) respectively. About 61.25 per cent respondents possess smart phone with internet connection to their mobile phones. Study also reveals that components like availability basic elementary ICT expertise, internet expertise and software literacy expertise were found to be very shabby but the motivation dynamics of the respondents were found to be very high.

3 tables, 17 ref

026103   ANIKPO F (Curriculum Studies and Educational Technology Dep, Port Harcourt Univ, Nigeria) : Awareness and utilization of mobile learning devices among undergraduate students. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2018, 5(4), 262-7.

This study investigated the awareness and utilization of mobile learning devices in the Department of Curriculum Studies and Educational Technology, Faculty of Education, University of Port Harcourt. The study adopted the analytic descriptive survey design. A sample of 100 undergraduate students took part in the study. A 17-item questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection. The test re-test reliability test model was used to establish the reliability of the instrument to obtain an index of 0.78. The study was guided by two research questions. The mean and Standard Deviation (SD) were used for data analysis. The findings established that students’ mean rating on the awareness of the available mobile learning device for academic purposes was 2.89, SD=0.94. The key mobile device awareness was that mobile phones can be used for learning (M=3.79, SD=0.50), and was followed by that fact that they used their mobile phone to learn (M=3.75, SD=0.52), while the least was that they have limited experience on mobile learning (M=2.70, SD=1.24). The mean rating of the students’ overutilization of the available mobile learning device for academic purposes was 3.14, SD=0.82. The key utilized mobile device was making and receiving calls (M=3.93, SD=0.25) and was followed by sending and receiving text messages (M=3.79, SD=0.49) while the least was playing educational games (M=2.90, SD=1.09). It was recommended among others that students should make stringent effort to be more aware of the existence and functionality of these mobile learning devices and utilize at least one mobile device for academic learning purposes as this will enhance their academic studies.

2 tables, 18 ref

026102   AGWU C, ANIKPO F (Curriculum Studies and Educational Technology Dep, Port Harcourt Univ, Nigeria) : The parable of the sower: A study of journaling teaching strategy and the academic achievement of under disposed learners. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2018, 5(4), 257-61.

This study adopted the quasi-experimental research design to investigate the comparative academic performance of a group of 53 learners who personally sought for information on specified instructional content and later applied the reflective journaling strategy during teacher facilitated experiential teaching of same content and another equivalent group of 34 learners who received the same instructional content by the conventional classroom lecture/discussion method. Analysis of learner performance data revealed that there is no significant difference in the academic performance of the two groups of learners when evaluated immediately after the lesson. But the academic performance of learners was considerably enhanced when learners applied spaced repetitive approach in self-study of their reflective journals. The study recommends that teachers should structure spaced repetitive study of learning matter into the facilitation of learning.

5 tables, 12 ref

026101   SINGH H, MITTAL E (Punjabi Univ, Punjab) : Is glass ceiling breached: A study of corporate hospitals in Northern India. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2018, 5(4), 242-8.

Despite of continuous political efforts, legislative reforms and after passing 50 years of second wave of feminist social and political movement, the representation of women in upper rungs of career ladder of organisation is not noticeable enough. This paper examines the presence of glass ceiling and the factors contributing towards it in the private health care sector in northern India. The study is based on primary data collected from 131 female doctors working in leading private hospitals in northern India. It has been seen that there is an increase in the number of women at higher levels but, still glass ceiling is very common. The lack of representation of women at top level, top management's commitment towards them and some personal factors are the major reasons for glass ceiling.

13 tables, 11 ref

026100   NUR M (Pendidikan Indonesia Univ, Indonesia) : Social awareness of clean environment as a source and media of learning. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2018, 5(4), 232-5.

The aim of this study are to understand and apply what shape the utilization of clean environment as a source and media of learning for students. The study was conducted in several villages in Makassar, Indonesia. The subject of this study are local government and the people living in the neighborhood of clean environment program. This study was conducted by qualitative ethnographic research. Data was collected by using in-depth interviews, documentation and observation. The results show that the use of clean environment to encourage students in the appreciation of the values of life in the environment. Utilization of clean environment fosters students’ learning by learning at the outside of the classroom. Clean environment as a learning resource can greatly influence the development of social skills of cultural, intellectual and emotional development as well as entrepreneurship.

16 ref

026099   TAMPUBOLON S, SARAGIN A, NURLELA S E (Sumatera Utara Univ, Indonesia) : Genre and ideological expressions in editorial of Medan-based newspapers. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2018, 5(4), 227-31.

This Study is aimed to describe how the genre and ideology is realized on newspaper editorial’s text published in Medan as known as Surat Kabar Terbitan Medan (SKTM). Three newspapers locally published in Medan which have an editorial were used as the object of research, that is, Analisa, Sinar Indonesia Baru (SIB), and Waspada. Findings in editorial’s genre are analytical exposition, hortatory exposition, review, and explanation. The ideology is realized in the form of reminding, criticizing, and appealing. The results of the research show that Medan local newspapers are still enjoying the euphoria of free press from the authoritarian press.

3 tables, 23 ref

026098   RAJAGUKGUK R, SARAGIH A, NABABAN M, LUBIS S (Sumatera Utara Univ, Indonesia) : Techniques of translating "The Old Man and The Sea" from English into Bahasa Indonesia. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2018, 5(4), 222-6.

Each translation must involve at least two languages, that is, the source language and the target language. The two generally differ from each other linguistically, extralinguistically, structurally, semantically, or socio-culturally. Translation is not just a linguistic transfer but also a cultural one. It was concluded that The Old Man and The Sea consists of 86 cultural terms. In the translation process there is a combination of two different translation techniques by three translators, for example, translator A found 3 couplets, translator B 6, and translator C 12 so that the translation techniques applied by translator A are about 89 times, translator B 92, and translator C 98. Overall quality of the translation in case of cultural terms is fairly good. The average quality is that the accuracy is higher than the acceptability and legibility. This shows that the three translators prefer the accuracy of the meanings to be conveyed more important than the acceptability and legibility. Translator A has the highest value of translation quality of about 2.65, followed by Translator B 2.64 and Translator C 2.52.

1 table, 12 ref

026097   SWARNKAR S K, VERMA M (English Dep, C.S.J.M. Univ, Uttar Pradesh) : Social and philosophical aspects of H.G. Wells Tono-Bungay. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2018, 5(4), 200-2.

Herbert George Wells was a prolific writer and he is chiefly remembered for his science fiction but in his social novels he experimented with realism in Edwardian era. He threw light on common people and survival of the people in the modern world. Tono-Bungay is one of the most important novels of modern times and the novel combines the theme and technique of Well’s earlier work in a vast cohesive narrative of ambition, triumph, dissolution and loss. It is the story of country hectic with a wasting aimless fever of trader, money making, pleasure seeking and a story of activity and urgency and sterility. Tono-Bungay is concerned not only the social change but with the perplexity of the individual, contained and controlled by his social environment.

6 ref

026096   MAMIDI N (English Dep, Himalayan Univ, Arunachal Pradesh) : Feminism in Rabindranath Tagore?s fiction. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2018, 5(4), 185-7.

Rabindranath Tagore‘s writings, especially his novels bring out the erased portion of women‘s experience and show tremendous sympathy and understanding towards the plight of women which was quite an unfamiliar trend for most work of that period. Set in the Nineteenth Century Colonial Bengal, Tagore‘s writings portray the problems within Hindu custom and patriarchy, the uproar of spiritual and intellectual tension between Bengali Renaissance and tradition marked by the emergence of Colonial education and lives of Bengali, Hindu women in the juncture of all these social events. Controversial issues such as remarriage of Hindu window, the need for female education, their emancipation and the oppression caused through social injustice have found significant place in his writing. Thus his writings are valuable documents of societal changes in its relation to larger social context of gender, nation, and politics.

5 ref

026095   RAJEST S S, SURESH P (English Dep, Vels Univ (VISTAS), Tamil Nadu) : Impact of 21st century?s different heads of learning skills for students and teachers. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2018, 5(4), 170-8.

Because of expanded weights of the 21^st century industry, America's schools and their educational modules and responsibility frameworks must mirror those abilities fundamental to progress. Through the advancement of 21^st century benchmarks for teachers and students, numerous schools have started the change procedure to start change towards tending to these new aptitudes. A few teachers have been successfully ready to inspire change in their classroom guideline, however, others have not. This investigation looks at the qualities of those teachers who are at present embracing the distinctive heads of learning abilities for 21^st Century's students and teachers, and endeavors to comprehend the individual and expert obstructions for the individuals who are not receiving. The setting of this blended technique examine was led in different schools and a few systems. The underlying study recognised study members who both rationally put stock in the 21^st century showing change and furthermore included 21^st century classroom rehearses in their direction. This investigation broke down the information to recognise those attributes of receiving teachers and furthermore distinguished six reoccurring subjects as snags in usage. Consequences of the investigation demonstrate many, if not all, members have faith in the change, however, just some are putting these measures into training in their classroom. Impediments assessed included the absence of understanding and essential abilities, the absence of assets and time, weight with high-stakes testing, and absence of a parent, student, and teacher purchase in and bolster.

1 illus, 43 ref

026094   ZAITUN, ISWAN, INDRIANI E (Muhammadiyah Univ of Jakarta, Indonesia) : English teachers' perceptions on English curriculums: A study of english curriculums applied at junior high schools in Indonesia and Malaysia. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2018, 5(4), 161-3.

The objective of this research is to investigate English teachers’ perceptions toward the curriculum applied at their schools. A total number of 10 English teachers participated in this study, in which 5 teachers teach at State Junior High School 12, Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia and the other 5 are teachers of SMK Mutiara Rini, Johor Bahru, Malaysia. This is a qualitative research which used questionnaire of curriculum analysis as the instrument to collect the data. There are 15 items stated in the questionnaire, rated from “Strongly Agree” to “Strongly Disagree”. The responsed of the respondents are analyzed descriptively and presented in the form of percentages. The findings show that most of English teachers in Indonesia found that the curriculum applies student-centered strategy. They also assured with English curriculum used and found this curriculum is appropriate to be applied as teaching guide. Besides, these teachers chose to further improve their teaching according to the curriculum of English. While most of teachers in Malaysia found that the curriculum covers their perception and needs. They also found that the approaches stated in the curriculum are applicable to be implemented.

2 illus, 7 ref

026093   DAS S (Fashion Technology Dep, Amity Univ, Chhattisgarh) : The interpretation of colour psychology and its role in fashion. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2018, 5(4), 144-6.

Colour plays a very crucial role in fashion. It is a potent communication contrivance and can be used to indicate action, influence mood, and even influence physiological rejoinders. The notion of color psychology has turn out to be the worthier research area in art, design, marketing and other areas recently. Colour is always an important subject in the fields of fashion. Colours and human nature are always connected to each other as the origin of colours are from light, light is a major source of energy which reflects life. In this way colours and always connected with fashion as well as human behavior

4 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref

026092   ASO L (Halu Oleo Univ, Indonesia) : Muna?s kampua ritual in southeast celebes. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2018, 5(4), 114-7.

This paper discusses Muna’s ritual of kampua with special attention to elaborate three features, such as definition, equipments and process, and meaning in which all these features are approached with semiotic theory. Research data was collected through several techniques, namely observation, in-depth interviews, and document studies. The data analysis procedure was carried out with three activities, for instance data reduction, data presentation and interpretation, and conclusion. The results indicate that first, the ritual is performed to cut some strands of baby’s hair at 44 days of age. Some ritual equipments are provided, such as haroa isa consisting of 44 ripe pisang burung (bird’s bananas) for baby boy and of 44 ketupat (steamed-rice wrapped with coconut leaves in diamond shaped) for baby girl plus a liter of white rice and a chicken egg, a glass of plain water, clay, a clump of lakoora grass, incense, a candle, and a lighter. The implementation of kampua begins with the reading of prayer (haroa isa) for placenta, prayer together, having meals, and shaking hands each other. Finally, the ritual proves to have philosophical, social, and cohesive significance.

24 ref

026091   PERANGIN-ANGIN A B, SIBARANI R, NASUTION I, SURBAKTI A (Cultural Sciences Dep, Sumatera Utara Univ, Indonesia) : Values and local wisdom of Karonese Mengket Rumah Mbaru tradition in North Sumatera. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2018, 5(4), 106-9.

A house does not only mean a place to stay but also a symbol of prosperity and prestige in Karonese perspective; in addition, it is valuable in the social and cultural life. The tradition of Mengket Rumah Mbaru (entrance to a new house) is a ceremony of gratitude to God and becomes a medium of happiness which is shared to among family members and relatives since the owners have succeeded to build their own house. This paper is descriptive qualitative and the researchers were directly involved in the ceremony to discover the local wisdom of the tradition. Since this tradition has various local wisdoms, its implementation today has undergone changes in some respects because some of its elements are intentionally eliminated, substituted or no longer held. The values of local wisdom lying in this tradition are hardworking and preseverence, cooperation and family relationship, affection and concern, solidarity and self-belonging, gratitude, thankfulness, and sharing.

3 ref

026090   SIMUI F, KASONDE-NGANDU S, CHEYEKA A M, KAKANA F (Zambia Univ, Zambia) : Unearthing dilemmas in thesis titles: Lived experience of a novice researcher in Sub-Saharan Africa. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2018, 5(4), 99-105.

This article documents in retrospect a 3 year lived experience of a novice Ph. D researcher in Sub-Saharan Africa using a Hermeneutics Phenomenology approach. One of the key findings indicates that the process of developing a meaningful thesis title is plagued with dilemmas that necessitates revision of the thesis title countless times. To this effect novice researchers should be prepared to mercilessly revise their thesis titles throughout the length of their doctoral study. Whereas changing from one thesis title to another could be a demanding and stressful task, it is during those moments that researchers begin to penetrate their personal worldview of knowledge creation and become innovators. Short of this, novice researchers operate at lower order of Bloom’s Taxonomy and remain ‘copy-paste’ type of researchers. It is at deeper layer of learning where higher order thinking skills such as analysis, synthesis and evaluation reside. This then justifies the longer period it takes to arrive at a meaningful thesis title as it represents the highest order of cognitive reasoning referred to as ‘create’ stage as advanced in the revised Bloom’s Taxonomy.

31 ref

026089   NKECHINYERE A E, AROKOYU AA (Curriculum Studies and Educational Technology Dep, Port Harcourt Univ, Nigeria) : Teaching strategies on biology achievement of secondary school students with different learning styles in Rivers state, Nigeria. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2018, 5(4), 82-8.

This study investigated the effect of teaching strategies (guided inquiry, demonstration and lecture) on Biology achievement of secondary school students with different learning styles (active/reflective, sensing/intuitive, visual/verbal, and sequential/global) in Rivers State. The study adopted the quasi-experimental research design with non-randomised pretest and posttest groups. The sample consisted of 247-year two (SS2) Biology students drawn from three randomly sampled governments owned secondary schools in Obior/Akpor Local Government Area in Rivers State. Three research questions and three null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Frequent count; mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while ANCOVA was used to test the hypotheses. Treatment consisted of teaching Biology concepts to the two experimental groups using demonstration and guided – inquiry strategies while the other third group which is the control group was taught using lecture strategy. Two instruments. Two instruments Biology Achievement Test (BAT) and Index of Learning Styles (ILSQ) were used in the study. The two instruments were subjected to both content and face validity. The ILSQ as adopted from Felder and Solomon (2004) was used for the identification of the students’ learning styles. Test-retest reliability coefficient was computed using Pearson Product Moment Co-relation coefficient which gave a reliability coefficient of 0.84 for BAT. The ILSQ was used for the identification of students’ learning styles. The internal consistency for each of the learning styles were determine using Cronbach Alpha which gave a reliability index of 0.88 for active/reflective, 0.82 for sensing/intuitive, 0.85 for visual/verbal, and 0.79 for sequential/global learning styles. From the findings, a significant difference was found to exist in the academic achievement of Biology students with different learning style taught using demonstration, guided-inquiry and lecture. There was no significant difference in the mean scores of male and female students with different learning styles taught Biology using demonstration, guided – inquiry and lecture. Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended among others that Biology teachers should identify the learning styles of their students and use teaching strategies that complement them.

6 tables, 12 ref

026088   MARGARET O I, CHUKWUEMEKA N, ANTHONIA M-A E (Educational Psychology Dep, Port Harcourt Univ, Nigeria) : Psychological variables and emotional intelligence as predictors of students' academic achievement in mathematics in Rivers state, Nigeria. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2018, 5(4), 13-20.

This study investigated psychological variables and emotional intelligence as predictors of students’ academic achievement in mathematics in Rivers State Nigeria. Four research questions and four hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted a correlational design. A sample of 500 senior secondary two (SS2) students was drawn from the population of 4412 SS2 students through stratified proportionate sampling technique. The three instruments used for data collection are: Psychological Variable Questionnaire (PVQ), Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (EIQ), and Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT). The three instrument were developed by the researchers. The instrument PVQ had three sections of self-concept, study habit and attitude while EIQ had three sections of self-awareness, self-regulation and motivation. Each section of PVQ and EIQ has ten (10) items while MAT has forty (40) items. The three instrument were validated by experts in measurement and evaluation and subject specialists. Reliability of the instruments (PVQ and EIQ) were determined through Cronbach alpha technique. The reliability coefficients of PVQ subsections were 0.68, 0.72 and 0.79 for self-concept, study habit and attitude respectively. The reliability coefficients of EIQ subsections were 0.81, 0.78 and 0.72 for self-awareness, self-regulation and motivation respectively. The reliability of MAT was determined using Kuder Richardson (KR20) and the reliability coefficient was 0.89. Multiple regression analysis was used to answer the research questions while analysis of variance and (ANOVA) and t-test analysis associated with the regression were used to test the hypotheses. Based on the results, the psychological variables of self-concept, study habit and attitude jointly significantly relate to students’ academic achievement in mathematics, whereas independently only self-concept and study habit significantly relate to students’ mathematics achievement while attitude did not. Again emotional intelligence of self-awareness, self-regulation and motivation jointly significantly relate to students’ academic achievement in mathematic whereas independently only self-regulation and motivation relate to students’ academic achievement in mathematics while selfawareness did not. On the basis of these findings it was recommended among others that students’ should be encouraged to have a positive attitude towards mathematics including any other subject.

4 tables, 39 ref

026087   QADRI T, FATIMA T, BAZILA, BEENISH, GANI G, AYAZ Q (Food Science and Technology Div, SKUAST Kashmir, Jammu & Kashmir) : Brown rice: Nutrition and health claims. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2018, 5(4), 5-8.

Rice is the most important dietary staple cereal crop, especially for people living in Asian subcontinent. Rice consumers eat white rice and consider brown rice as food for the farmers, the poor, and for the animals. White rice is associated with beriberi, a potentially fatal disease due to lack of thiamine (vitamin B1), because this essential vitamin is stripped out of the rice during processing. Today people are going for whole food, like our fore father used to eat. Brown rice is a rice source of minerals and dietary fibre that support the normal functioning of human body. This review covers nutritional composition and various biological activities of brown rice in aspects to human health. Such biological activities which are related to rice and its products are lowering cholesterol, reducing blood pressure and preventing colorectal cancer.

2 tables, 27 ref

026086   CHIPUTA K, CARLOS M (Education Dep, Information and Communications Univ, Lusaka, Zambia) : Knowledge and attitudes towards contraceptive use among female students in higher institutions of learning: A case study of Kwame Nkrumah University in Kabwe district. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2018, 5(3), 130-48.

Knowledge of contraceptive methods is an important precursor to their use. The ability to recognise a family planning method when it is described is a simple test of a respondent’s knowledge but does not necessarily indicate the extent of this knowledge. The main aim of this research was to investigate knowledge and attitudes towards contraceptive use among the female students at Kwame Nkrumah University in kabwe district. Studies in the field of knowledge and attitudes towards contraceptive use among undergraduate in Zambia, remains meager and quite limited. The study was based on the following specific objectives: to find out knowledge on contraceptives among female students, to determine the attitudes of female students toward contraceptives and establish sexual practices and the uses of contraceptive among female students. This research was a case study and adopted a descriptive research design in which 100 respondents from the selected four year students using purposeful sampling. Data was collected by using self-administered questionnaires. The collected data was entered into a computer and analyzed using statistical package of social science version (SPSS) 20.0 as well as Microsoft excel. The study result indicated that, knowledge of contraceptive among the female student was universal. The majority (73 %) of the respondent had knowledge of oral pills while (12 %) of the respondents had knowledge of condoms. Despite students’ high awareness of the existence of contraceptive methods, positive attitude and continuous engagement in sexual activity, the rate of contraceptive use among students was found to be low. Only 36 (36 %) of the sexually active respondents were using contraceptive and the common contraceptive methods used was (17 %) condom followed by oral pills (6 %) and injectable (6 %). The improvement of female students’ knowledge about specific details of the method and timely utilization of contraception is still required in order to make it effective. Kwame Nkrumah university management should increase contraceptive access to the female students. Ministry of Higher Education to include information on contraception, and also lay strategies of presenting the information to the female students of teachers' colleges. In view of the fact that this study did not include male students, further studies are needed to find out the knowledge and attitudes towards contraceptive use among both male and female students in institution of higher learning.

4 tables, 41 ref

026085   GANAI I R, GANAI M Y, KHAN M A (Kashmir Univ, Jammu & Kashmir) : To study the parental qualification of weak and underprivileged students in District Baramulla and Bandipora. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2018, 5(3), 116-8.

The present investigation was to study the parental qualification of weak and underprivileged students. The present sample for the study was confined to the ST`s and OBC students enrolled in 400 such schools in Baramulla district 200 schools of district Bandipora where these were studying, teachers working in these schools especially ST`s and OBC teachers. The investigator collected the data with the help of information blank for parents in which their qualification and qualification of the weak and underprivileged students.

4 tables, 21 ref

026084   KUMAR V (Chaudhary Charan Singh Univ, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh) : Limited liability partnership in India. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2018, 5(3), 93-100.

The legal quandary articulated above also applies to the virgin concept of Limited Liability Partnerships. The new corporate vehicle of Limited Liability Partnership is promulgated to address the existing vacuum between the partnership law and the company law. The Limited Liability Partnership law is basically a nuptial knot between the philosophical ideology of company law and partnership law in order to address the deficiency in the domain of small scale business sector, professional sector & venture capital sector and to accelerate the speed of India’s economic growth by developing entrepreneurial skills for the promotion of micro, small & medium enterprise besides professional and venture capital sector etc.

2 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

026083   GUPTA N, SRIVASTAVA S (DEI Univ, Uttar Pradesh) : Relationship between yoga and education and its impact on the health. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2018, 5(3), 80-2.

Meditation has usually been connected with Eastern mysticism but knowledge is beginning to show that educating a “heightened” state of comprehension can have a major influence on our intellect, the way our forms function and our highnesses of litheness. The meditation is an important part of human being life since of its potentiality for construction human being a apposite national helping him to get fruitful education. The training and education shall be received by human being through the perfect mind. The mind would refine and statement from tightness through the meditation and yogic practices. Thus the meditation is an undisputable central wheel of education.

15 ref

026082   LILLIAN O-O (Nairobi Univ, Nairobi, Kenya) : Integration of value based education in the Kenyan education system as a response to emerging challenges. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2018, 5(3), 74-9.

Value based education (VBE) is an outcome anchored on culture, religion, morals, values and character formation for holistic development. Values and attitudes are components for cognitive knowledge and are useful in attaining and maintaining peace across cultures. VBE enhances values for holistic education which promotes nationalism and global citizenship. These can be integrated in the school curriculum to enhance character building. Invaluably, value education leads to development of fundamental principles, common humanity, sustainable development, social justice and equality for peaceful co-existence. There is need to produce citizens who are able to respond to emerging issues through negotiation and mediation. The purpose of this paper is to assess how value based education can be embedded in the school curriculum as part of the national curriculum reform process. Methodology involved identification and analysis of documents focusing on values education and global frameworks. Additionally, review and documentary analysis of varied reports and literature was conducted. Qualitative descriptive and comparative analyses were used to interrogate the position of VBE in promoting peaceful coexistence and spurring growth. This paper reveals that values mold character which can enhance academic achievement, cohesion, teamwork, strengthen relationships and perpetuate attainment of sustainable development.

27 ref

026081   ANSARI F (Singhania Univ, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan) : Girls and Women population of different states and union territories in India. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2018, 5(3), 72-3.

India, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, with a total area of 3,287,263 square kilometers. India has 29 states, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal, West Bengal and Telangana with 7 Union Territories (UTs) viz. A & N Islands, Chandigarh, D & N Haveli, Daman & Diu, Delhi, Lakshadweep and Pondicherry. The data in this study is taken from Statistics on Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Central Statistical Organization. (2008). Data is reproduced for making it worth for study. After analysis the data, results were computed and discussion was made.

2 ref

026080   ANSARI F (Singhania Univ, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan) : Scenario of use of contraceptive methods among men and women. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2018, 5(3), 69-71.

Contraceptive techniques are safer and effective methods for preventing pregnancy. Numerous studies revealed a non-favorable response toward the use of contraceptive methods among men and women. In present study we posed our concentration on different studies that were conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of family planning among men and women. We also made a discussion in the last section of the study.

12 ref

026079   ANSARI F (Singhania Univ, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan) : Scenario of use of sanitary pads among females belonging to reproductive age group. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2018, 5(3), 51-2.

Menarche is a milestone as well as one of the most basic characteristic features in a woman's life. Use of sanitary pads during menstruation is an essential aspect of health education. Hygiene-related practices of women during menstruation are also of paramount importance. In this study we took into account various studies concerning with use of sanitary pads among female. In the last section a discussion was also made.

15 ref

026064   NADEEM M T, SAIMA H, AFZAAL M, YASMEEN A, AHMAD A, SHAHID M Z, AAMIR M (Food Science and Technology Dep, Kasetsart Univ, Bangkok 10900, Thailand, Email: aami.bajwa@wsu.edu) : Cellulolytic treatment: A competent approach to improve extraction and storage stability of carotenoids from kinnow (Citrus reticulate) peel. Asian J Chem 2018, 30(3), 603-6.

The purified cellulolytic enzyme was applied in carotenoid extraction from the Kinnow mandarin peel. The results revealed that the highest yield (8.60 ± 0.44 mg/100 g peel) of carotenoids was observed in T₄, a combination of 250 IU both of CMCase and Pectinase/100 g peel whereas, the minimum recovery (3.21 ± 0.17 mg/100 g peel) was found in case of T₀ (control). To assess the storage stability, the extracted carotenoids were subjected to different conditions for light and temperature. When the pigment was stored at 30 ° C in dark, it showed more stability than in light. Similarly, pigment stability was adversely affected by increasing storage temperature and the loss was more pronounced at higher temperature as compared to refrigeration. After freeze drying, the stability of the extracted pigment was assessed; high retention was observed when stored in darkness or under refrigerated conditions.

4 illus, 3 tables, 24 ref

026104   VERMA K, MANORAMA, POPHALY S D (Dairy Microbiology Dep, C.G.K.V, Raipur - 492 012) : Natural food colors. Plant Arch 2018, 18(1), 1159-62.

Color is the main feature of any food item as it enhances the appeal and acceptability of food. During processing, substantial amount of color is lost. To make any food commodity attractive to the consumers, synthetic or natural colors are added. Several types of dyes are available in the market as coloring agents to food commodities but natural colorants are now gaining popularity and considerable significance due to consumer awareness as synthetic colors cause severe health problems. Natural colorants are prepared from renewable sources and majority are of plant origin like carotenoids, lutein, anthocyanidins, chlorophyll, betalain etc which are extracted from several horticultural plants. In addition to food coloring, natural colorants also act as antimicrobials, antioxygens and thereby prevent several diseases and disorders in human beings.

16 ref

026078   ENNIGROU A, CASABIANCA H, VULLIET E, HANCHI B, HOSNI K (Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles, Institut National de Recherche et d’Analyse Physico-chimique (INRAP), Sidi Thabet, Tunisia, Email: karim_hosni1972@yahoo.fr) : Assessing the fatty acid, essential oil composition, their radical scavenging and antibacterial activities of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi leaves and twigs. J Food Sci Technol 2018, 55(4), 1582- 90.

The fatty acid, essential oil compositions and their respective antioxidant and antibacterial activities was determined in Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi leaves and twigs. The lipid content ranged from 1.75 to 4.65 % in twigs and leaves, respectively. Thirteen fatty acids were identified with a-linolenic (C18:3), palmitic (C16:0) and linoleic (C18:2) acids being the main components. The essential oils of both organs were characterized by a high amount of monoterpene hydrocarbons (68.91–74.88 %) with α-phellandrene (33.06–36.18 %), α-pinene (14.85–15.18 %) and limonene (6.62–8.79 %) being the chief components. The DPPH ̇radical scavenging assay revealed that both oil shave a very weak antiradical activity. In contrast, they showed an appreciable antibacterial activity against the gram-positive Enterococcus feacium (ATCC 19434) and Streptococcus agalactiae (ATCC 13813) bacteria. These results suggest that leaves and twigs of S. terebinthifolius could be considered as an important dietary source of health promoting phytochemicals and has a good potential for use in food industry and pharmacy.

1 illus, 3 tables, 31 ref

026077   JÓZWIAK B, ORCZYKOWSKA M, DZIUBINSKI M (Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz Univ of Technology, Lódz, Poland, Email: bertrand.jozwiak@edu.p.lodz.pl) : Rheological properties of kuzu starch pastes with galactomannans. J Food Sci Technol 2018, 55(3), 1575- 81.

The paper describes the effects of galactomannans on viscoelastic properties of commercial Japanese white kuzu starch pastes. The study included morphological, thermal and rheological analyses of the biopolymer. The results obtained in the form of storage modulus G' (ω) and loss modulus G" (ω) were described by the modified fractional Kelvin–Voigt model with two springpot-type elements, created on the basis of differential calculus of fractional order and Fourier transform. It allowed to determine 17 material parameters providing a lot of additional information about structure and viscoelastic properties of the biopolymer in comparison to the classical analysis of oscillatory and creep tests. The study led to the conclusion that commercial Japanese white kuzu starch was so-called type II starch with a high pasting temperature of 75 °C and an average granule diameter equal to 10.9 µm. Rheological properties of the pastes depended on the galactose-to-mannose ratio in galactomannan molecule. The larger substitution degree, the higher viscosity, characteristic relaxation times, polydispersity index, gel stiffness, and the lower cross-linking density and average molecular weights. The presence of galactose side groups favored the hydration and immobilization of water molecules.

5 illus, 25 ref

026076   OZDEMIR N, KANTEKIN-ERDOGAN M N, TAT T, TEKIN A (Food Engineering Dep, Ankara Univ, Ankara, Turkey, Email: tekin@ankara.edu.tr) : Effect of black cumin oil on the oxidative stability and sensory characteristics of mayonnaise. J Food Sci Technol 2018, 55(4), 1562- 8.

Mayonnaise is one of the most commonly used sauces all over the world but it is vulnerable to oxidation because of its high oil content. Using natural antioxidant sinstead of synthetic ones is a popular and promising topic in the food industry. The aim of this study was to increase the oxidative stability of mayonnaise using cold-pressed black cumin oil (BCO), which has high antioxidant activity due to its phenolic content. Four different mayonnaise formulations were used: Mayo-Control, Mayo-5 % BCO, Mayo-10 % BCO, and Mayo-20 % BCO, which refer to a 0 (control), 5, 10, and 20 % BCO replacement of total sunflower oil content, respectively. Thymoquinone content of the mayonnaises including BCO increased with the increasing BCO ratios. At the end of the storage for 4 weeks at 20 °C, peroxide values of Mayo-Control, Mayo-5 % BCO, Mayo-10 % BCO, and Mayo-20 % BCO samples were recorded as 36.07 ± 1.51, 26.76 ± 0.67,25.60 ± 0.57, and 17.66 ± 1.93 meq O₂/kg oil, respectively. The conjugated diene and triene values of the mayonnaises prepared by adding BCO were lower than those of the control group during storage. Overall accept-ability of Mayo-5 % BCO in sensory analysis was higher than that of Mayo-Control. Using BCO in mayonnaise improved its oxidative stability and flavor.

3 illus, 3 tables, 27 ref

026075   MAHLA H R, RATHORE S S, VENKATESAN K, SHARMA R (Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur- 342 003, Email: hrmahla2010@gmail.com) : Analysis of fatty acid methyl esters and oxidative stability of seed purpose watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) genotypes for edible oil. J Food Sci Technol 2018, 55(4), 1552- 61.

World’s vegetable oil demand is increasing day by day and oil seed supply is limited to a dozen oil seed crops on commercial scale. Efforts were made to explore the potential of water melon a traditionally grown native crop of Indian arid zone having oil content over 30 % and seed yield potential of 500–600 kg per hectare under rainfed conditions. An analysis was carried out to explore the suitability of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.)] oil for human consumption on the basis of fatty acid (FA) composition in selected genotypes. Total oil content ranged between 10.0 and 31.0 %. Eleven FA were identified in seed oil. Linoleic, stearic, palmitic and oleic acid were found as major FA while myristic, heptadecanoic, arachidic, 9-hexadecenoic and 14-eicosenoic acid was present in traces. Linoleic acid single polyunsaturated FA contributor found in the range of 43.95 % (WM-44) to 55.29 % (WM-18). Saturated FA content ranged between 32.24 and 37.61 %. Significant genetic variation was observed for mono-unsaturated FA. Metabolic capacity to inter-conversion of FA and nutritive value of watermelon oil was described on the basis of ratio of FA group. Total phenolics, antioxidant activity, peroxide value and oxidizability were also estimated along with oxidative stability of oil. Multivariate analysis showed that, oil content has positive correlation with linoleic acid. The Euclidean based UPGMA clustering revealed that genotypes WM-18 is most suitable for trait specific breeding program for high linoleic acid (n–6), desaturation ratio and oleic desaturation ratio with higher oil content and lowest palmitic acid.

2 illis, 3 tables, 40 ref

026074   ABDUL-HAMID N A, MEDIANI A, MAULIDIANI M, SHADID K, ISMAIL I S, ABAS F, LAJIS N H (Institute of Bioscience, Univ Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia, Email: faridah_abas@upm.edu.my) : Metabolite characterization of different palm date varieties and the correlation with their NO inhibitory activity, texture and sweetness. J Food Sci Technol 2018, 55(4), 1541- 51.

The aim of this study was to examine the variation in metabolite constituents of five commercial varieties of date fruits; Ajwa, Safawi and Ambar which originated from Madinah, the Iranian Bam and Tunisian Deglet Noor. The differences of metabolome were investigated using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) spectroscopy combined with multivariate data analysis (MVDA). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed clear separation between the date varieties. The Tunisian Deglet Noor demonstrated distinct cluster from the rest of the palm date samples based on the metabolite composition as shown by the pattern observed in Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA) and PCA. Deglet Noor exhibited a significant higher level of sucrose (δ 5.40) and fructose (δ 4.16) in comparison with the other four varieties which can be associated with the distinctive sweet taste of this variety. Dates originated from Madinah and Tunisia exhibited a contrast manner in the amount of xylose and moisture content. These two aspects may contribute towards the soft texture of Tunisian dates. All Madinah dates were found to contain phenolic compounds which were well established as great antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Ajwa dates exerted greater effect in inhibiting the generation of nitric oxide (NO) from the stimulated RAW 264.7 cells at 95.37 % inhibition. Succinic acid was suggested to have the most significant correlation with the trend of NO inhibitory shown by the selected date palm varieties.

4 illus, 2 tables, 32 ref

026073   SILVEIRA L O, DO ROSARIO D K A, GIORI A C G, OLIVEIRA S B S, MUTZ Y D S, MARQUES C S, COELHO J M, BERNARDES P C (Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Brazil, Email: paticbernardes@gmail.com) : Combination of peracetic acid and ultrasound reduces Salmonella Typhimurium on fresh lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa). J Food Sci Technol 2018, 55(4), 1535- 40.

Salmonella outbreaks related to fruits and vegetables have been reported being lettuce one of the most contaminated. Peracetic acid (PA) at 50 mg/L, sodium dichloroisocyanurate (SD) at 100 mg/L, and the combination of SD at 100 mg/L and babac ̧u coconut (Attalea speciosa) oil detergent at 100 mg/L were applied to fresh lettuce. Natural contaminant microbiota, physicochemical characteristics, and sensory attributes were evaluated. PA and SD reduced mesophilic aerobic counts by 2.1 and 1.5 log cfu/g, respectively. The most efficient treatment in reducing natural microbiota (i.e., PA) was applied alone and in combination with ultrasound (US). It reduced Sal-monella enterica Typhimurium counts to undetectable levels (< 1 log cfu/g). US further reduced S.Typhimurium counts by 0.6 log cfu/g in relation to PA, treatment which lessened the pH but increased the titratable acidity of lettuce, but did not cause total color difference. Therefore, the combination of PA and US holds a potential industrial application for sanitization purposes.

1 illus, 1 table, 34 ref

026072   DE FIGUEIREDO V R G, YAMASHITA F, VANZELA A L L, IDA E I, KUROZAWA L E (Food Science and Technology Dep, Londrina Univ, Londrina, Brazil, Email: louisek98@gmail.com) : Action of multi-enzyme complex on protein extraction to obtain a protein concentrate from okara. J Food Sci Technol 2018, 55(4), 1508- 17.

The objective of this study was to optimize the extraction of protein by applying a multi-enzymatic pretreatment to okara, a byproduct from soymilk processing. The multi-enzyme complex Viscozyme, containing a variety of carbohydrases, was used to hydrolyze the okara cell walls and facilitate extraction of proteins. Enzymeassisted extraction was carried out under different temperatures (37–53 °C), enzyme concentrations (1.5–4 %) and pH values (5.5–6.5) according to a central composite rotatable design. After extraction, the protein was concentrated by isoelectric precipitation. The optimal conditions for maximum protein content and recovery in protein concentrate were 53 °C, pH 6.2 and 4 % of enzyme concentration. Under these conditions, protein content of 56 % (dry weight basis) and a recovery of 28 % were obtained, representing an increase of 17 and 86 %, respectively, compared to the sample with no enzymatic pretreatment. The multi-enzyme complex Viscozyme hydrolyzed the structural cell wall polysaccharides, improving extraction and obtaining protein concentrate from the okara. An electrophoretic profile of the protein concentrate showed two distinct bands, corresponding to the acidic and basic subunits of the protein glycinin. There were no limiting amino acids in the protein concentrate, which had a greater content of arginine.

3 illus, 2 tables, 35 ref

026071   PARIKH B, PATEL V H (Home Science PG Dep, Sardar Patel Univ, Gujarat- 388 120, Email: bhumipari@yahoo.com) : Total phenolic content and total antioxidant capacity of common Indian pulses and split pulses. J Food Sci Technol 2018, 55(4), 1499- 1507.

Pulses are valued for their protein content and are good source of bioactive phytochemicals. The objectives of this study were to estimate total phenolic content (TPC), flavonoid content and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) through six different assay methods from twenty seven different varieties of pulses and split pulses commonly consumed in India. TPC and flavonoid content ranged between 38.6–542.7 mg GAE/100 g and 18.3–344.7 mg RE/100 g respectively. TAC measured by FRAP (90.6–2773.5 mgTE/100 g), RPA (190.8–2128.4 mg TE/100 g), DPPH radical scavenging assay (RSA) (42.9–571.1 mg TE/100 g), ABTS RSA (4.5–194.9 mg TE/100 g), hydroxyl RSA (0.0–106.6 mg AAE/g) and nitric oxide (NO) RSA (11.9–43.7 mg AAE/100 g) varied widely among pulses and split pulses anal-ysed in the present study. TAC measured using different methods showed positively strong and significant correlation with TPC as well as flavonoid content except NORSA, indicating that phenolic compounds are the major con-tributors to the antioxidant properties of these plants. Food composition data obtained in this study would enrich the composition database at global level, which in turn will guide in improving food and nutrition security of the population. These can be used for further research, diet formulation and epidemiological studies. From the results it can be concluded that cow pea (red, small) had the highest TPC and TAC measured by all the parameters except NORSA.

2 illus, 1 table, 33 ref

026070   ROGERS A, HAHN L, PHAM V, WERE L (Chapman Univ, USA, Email: were@chapman.edu) : Greening in sunflower butter cookies as a function of egg replacers and baking temperature. J Food Sci Technol 2018, 55(4), 1478- 88.

Chlorogenic acid (CGA) binding to proteins in alkaline conditions results in the production of green trihydroxy benzacradine (TBA) derivatives. The formation of TBA derivatives could decrease product quality due to the potential losses in soluble protein and antioxidants and the production of an undesirable green color. To determine how cookie formulation affected the formation of TBA derivatives in sunflower butter cookies, two egg replacers (chia and banana) and two baking temperatures (162.8 and 190.6 °C) were used. Moisture, greening intensity, CGA content and antioxidant capacity were measured. Cookies made with egg and baked at 162.8 °C had the highest moisture, internal greening intensity, and TBA derivative formation, in addition to lower CGA content and antioxidant capacity. Cookies made with banana baked at 190.6 °C produced the opposite outcome with 35, 4, and 23 % less internal greening, moisture, and TBA derivatives, respectively, and 90 and 76 % higher CGA and antioxidant capacity. Internal greening was positively correlated with moisture and adduct concentration, and negatively correlated with spread factor and CGA content. Moisture had a significant impact on greening, which indicates that baking temperature and cookie dough formulation can be modified to produce a less green cookie with more unreacted antioxidants and protein.

6 illus, 30 ref

026069   SUN H, SHAO X, JIANG R, MA Z, WANG H (School of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, Tonghua Normal Univ, Tonghua, People’s Republic of China, Email: shtjlu@126.com) : Effects of ultrasonic/microwave-assisted treatment on the properties of corn distarch phosphate/corn straw cellulose films and structure characterization. J Food Sci Technol 2018, 55(4), 1467- 77.

Edible films were casted using aqueous solutions of corn distarch phosphate (CDP, 3 wt %) and corn straw cellulose (CSC, 0.5 wt %). The effects of ultrasonic, microwave and ultrasonic/microwave-assisted treatment on mechanical properties and light transmittance, as well as the water vapour permeability (WVP) of edible films, were evaluated. It was found that corn distarch phosphate/corn straw cellulose (CDP/CSC) films treated using ultrasonic waves/microwaves for a certain condition has a distinct increase in tensile strength, elongation at break and light transmittance and a drastic decrease in WVP. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the surface and cross-section morphology of CDP/CSC films after ultrasonic/microwave-assisted treatment were smoother, denser and without a notable phase separation compared with control films. The results of mechanical properties and barrier properties were in agreement with the changes in molecular interactions detected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. These findings indicate that ultrasonic/microwave-assisted treatment can improve the application of biodegradable films.

6 illus, 1 table, 44 ref

026068   SONALE R S, RAMALAKSHMI K, SANKAR K U (CSIR- Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore- 570 020, Email: ramal_kumar@yahoo.com) : Characterization of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) seed volatile compounds obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide process. J Food Sci Technol 2018, 55(4), 1444- 54.

Extraction process employing Supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SCF) yields bioactive compounds near natural forms without any artifact formation. Neem seed was subjected to SCF at different temperatures and pressure conditions. These extracts were partitioned to separate volatile fraction and were analyzed by Gas Chromatography–Mass spectroscopy along with the volatiles extracted by the hydro-distillation method. Experimental results show that there is a significant effect of pressure and temperature on isolation of a number of volatile compounds as well as retention of biologically active compounds. Twenty-five volatile compounds were isolated in the Hydro-distillate compare to the SCF extract of 100 bar, 40 °C which showed forty volatile compounds corresponds to 76.38 and 92.39 % of total volatiles respectively. The majority of bioactive compounds such as Terpinen-4-ol, 1,2,4-Trithiolane, 3,5-diethyl, allyl isopropyl sulphide, Cycloisolongifolene, á-Bisabolene, (-)-α-Panasinsen, Iso-caryophyllene, trans-Sesquisabinene hydrate, 1-Naphthalenol, were identified in the extract when isolated at 100 bar and 40 °C.

5 tables, 29 ref

026067   CAKIR Y, CAKMAKCI S (Food Engineering Dep, Atatürk Univ, Erzurum, Turkey, Email: songulcakmakci@hotmail.com) : Some microbiological, physicochemical and ripening properties of Erzincan Tulum cheese produced with added black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). J Food Sci Technol 2018, 55(4), 1435- 43.

The e ffects of black cumin (BC) at 0, 1 or 2 % in Erzincan Tulum cheese (Tulum cheese) on its microbiological, chemical and proteolysis properties during ripening were investigated. The addition of BC caused an increase in the dry matter, protein, ash, total nitrogen (TN), water-soluble nitrogen (WSN) (% of TN) (ripening index), 5 % phosphotungstic acid soluble nitrogen (PTA-SN) (% of TN), and 12 % trichloroacetic acid soluble nitrogen (TCA-SN) (% of TN) concentrations compared to BC-free (control) cheese. Additionally, the addition of BC caused a decrease in coliforms, yeasts & moulds, fat-in-dry matter (FDM), pH, and acidity. The ripening period had an increasing effect on the dry matter, protein, FDM, salt, salt-in-dry matter (SDM), ash, acidity, TN, WSN, PTA-SN and TCA-SN concentrations. In addition, the ripening period had a decreasing effect on coliforms, yeasts & moulds, and pH. The count of Staphylococcus aureus in all Tulum cheeses made of raw sheep’s milk was < 2 log cfu/g, ripening was faster and favourable Tulum cheese was produced. Therefore, 2 months after adding 2 % BC to Tulum cheese that was produced using raw sheep milk immediately after milking as the original production method, it was found that Tulum cheese can be consumed more safely than coliform bacteria and yeasts & moulds.

1 illus, 3 tables, 36 ref

026066   LEDINA T, MOHAR-LORBEG P, GOLOB M, DJORDJEVIC J, BOGOVIC-MATIJAŠIC B, BULAJIC S (Food Hygiene and Technology Dep, Belgrade Univ, Belgrade, Serbia, Email: tijanaledina@gmail.com) : Tetracycline resistance in lactobacilli isolated from Serbian traditional raw milk cheeses. J Food Sci Technol 2018, 55(4), 1426- 34.

The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of tetracycline resistance in lactobacilli isolated from traditional Serbian white brined raw milk cheeses (Homolje, Sjenica, Zlatar). Isolation of presumptive lactobacilli was initially performed using MRS-S agar without tetracycline, or supplemented with 16 and 64 µg/mL of tetracycline. Rep-PCR (GTG)₅ genotyping showed a high diversity of the isolates obtained, as examination of 233 isolates resulted in 156 different Rep-PCR fingerprints. Ninety out of 156 (57.69 %) of the strains, representatives with different (GTG)₅ fingerprints, were identified by MALDI-TOF MS as lactobacilli, while 66 out of 156 (42.31 %) strains were identified as members of other LAB genera. All except one out of 90 Lactobacillus isolates further tested by microdilution method, demonstrated unimodal distribution of tetracycline MIC values which were equal to or lower from the breakpoint MIC values (EFSA in EFSA J 10: 1–10, 2012. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2740). Only one Lb. paracasei isolate showed the presence oftet(M) gene, while the other analyzed tet genes [tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), tet(K), tet(L), tet(O) and tet(W)] were not detected in any of the isolates. The results of this study indicates that lactobacilli from traditional Serbian raw milk cheeses do not present considerable tetracycline resistance reservoirs. For final conclusions about the safety of these autochthonous cheeses regarding the possible tetracycline resistance transferability, the assessment of the entire cheese microbiota is needed.

3 illus , 2 tables, 38 ref

026065   VEECK A P D L, DANIEL A P, KLIEN B, QUATRIN A, REZER A P D S, MILANI L G, ZEPPENFELD C C, CUNHA M A D, HELDWEIN C G, HEINZMANN B M, PARODI T V, BALDISSEROTTO B, EMANUELLI T (Technology and Food Science Dep, Univ Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil, Email: tatiana.emanuelli@ufsm.br) : Chemical, microbiological, and sensory parameters during the refrigerated storage of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) exposed in vivo to the essential oil of Lippia alba. J Food Sci Technol 2018, 55(4), 1416- 25.

This study evaluated whether the essential oil of Lippia alba (EO) used as a sedative for fish transport would increase the stability of silver catfish during ice storage. Fish were transported (6 h) with water alone (control), 30 or 40 µL/L of EO in water. After transport, fish were slaughtered and stored in ice. Data on mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria counts during storage did not support the evidence for the antimicrobial activity of EO. However, fish treated with EO (30 and 40 µL/L) had delayed onset of rigor mortis, delayed increase of pH after 34 days of storage, and delayed peak of hypoxanthine formation and its degradation. In addition, the demerit sensory score of EO-treated fish (30 and 40 µL/L) was lower than that of controls along the storage. Thus, the use of EO as a sedative in the water used to transport silver catfish can delay the loss of freshness and the deterioration of whole fish stored in ice.

5 illus, 1 table, 38 ref

026063   ELGAJ S, SAT I G, POLAT A (Tea Technology Dep, Caykur Ataturk Tea Research Institute, Rize, Turkey, Email: saziye.ilgaz@caykur.gov.tr) : Effects of processing parameters on the caffeine extraction yield during decaffeination of black tea using pilot-scale supercritical carbon dioxide extraction technique. J Food Sci Technol 2018, 55(4), 1407- 15.

In this pilot-scale study supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO₂) extraction technique was used for decaffeination of black tea. Pressure (250, 375, 500 bar), extraction time (60, 180, 300 min), temperature (55, 62.5,70 °C), CO₂ flow rate (1, 2, 3 L/min) and modifier quantity (0, 2.5, 5 mol %) were selected as extraction parameters. Three-level and five-factor response surface methodology experimental design with a Box–Behnken type was employed to generate 46 different processing conditions. 100 % of caffeine from black tea was removed under two different extraction conditions; one of which was consist of 375 bar pressure, 62.5 °C temperature, 300 min extraction time, 2 L/min CO₂ flow rate and 5 mol % modifier concentration and the other was composed of same temperature, pressure and extraction time conditions with 3 L/min CO₂ flow rate and 2.5 mol % modifier concentration. Results showed that extraction time, pressure, CO₂ flowrate and modifier quantity had great impact on decaffeination yield.

2 illus, 2 tables, 27 ref