047864   NITAYAPHAT W, JINTAKOSOL T (Home Economics Dep, Srinakharinwirot Univ, Bangkok, Thailand, Email: walaikorn@g.swu.ac.th ) : Efficient removal of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solutions using regenerated silk fibroin beads. Asian J. Chem 2020, 32 (7), 1623 - 9.

Regenerated silk fibroin beads (rSFB) were successfully prepared and applied to adsorbing methylene blue and Lanasyn Navy M - DNL. The effects of contact time, initial pH and initial concentration of dyes were analyzed. The experimental results showed that, the adsorption was pH dependent with a high removal efficiency of methylene blue in basic range and high removal of Lanasyn Navy M - DNL in acidic range. The adsorption process was analyzed by using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and the Langmuir isotherm model showed the best fitting to the isotherm data. The maximum adsorption capacities for methylene blue and Lanasyn Navy M - DNL were 47.55 and 78.74 ?mg/g, respectively. The kinetics study showed that the adsorption process followed the second order kinetic model. The SEM images demonstrated that after adsorption the dye was adsorbed onto the regenerated silk fibroin beads surface. The adsorbent was stable and active for up to five successive cycles. Regenerated silk fibroin beads showed to be an advantageous adsorbents in terms of availability, which is beneficial for the wastewater treatment.

9 illus, 3 tables, 33 ref

047505   AGARWAL S, TRIPATHI S, ARSHI, MISHRA N (Home Science Dep, Allahabad Univ, Prayagraj - 211 002, Uttar Pradesh, Email: dr.neetu.au@gmail.com) : Nutritional composition and antioxidant profiles of Nigella sativa L. seeds. Ann. Phytomed 2020, 9 (2), 207 - 14.

This study was aimed to investigate the nutritional, antinutritional composition of Nigella sativa L. (NS) seeds and to analyse the antioxidant profiles of aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic extract of the sample. The nutritional composition of NS seeds was analysed using the AOAC method. Antioxidant content was measured in terms of total phenolic contents (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC). Antioxidant activity was displayed by the DPPH (2,2 - diphenyl - 1 - picrylhydrazy) radical scavenging activity, metal chelating activity, reducing capacity and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assay. NS seeds contained 6.48 - 7.18% moisture, 35.91 - 38.41% fat, 5.31 - 5.61% crude fiber, 4.11 - 5.41% ash, 18.82 - 20.84% protein, and 29.14 - 33.66% carbohydrates. Micronutrients were also found to be in substantial amounts; however, antinutritional factors were found within the reported range. 60% methanolic extracts showed highest TPC (29.99 ? 1.16 mg GAE/g) and TFC (0.39 ? 0.02 mg QE/g). Antioxidant activity was also found highest with 60% methanolic extracts. NS being a good source of antioxidants might be recommended against the treatment of various human ailments.

1 illus, 5 tables, 41 ref

047331   SULIEMAN A M E, DAFALLAH F E, RAHMAN E H A, ALSHAMMARI N I A, SHOMMO S A, IBRAHIM S A (Food Engineering and Technology Dep, Gezira Univ, Wad - Madani - Sudan, Email: abuelhadi@hotmail.com) : Isolation, Identification and characterization of Salmonella spp. from chicken purchased at Wad Madani city, Gezira State, Sudan . Adv life Sci 2020, 8(1), 98 - 102.

Salmonella is a potential human pathogen that causes salmonellosis, a food - borne disease. Addressing these major food safety and public health issues with effective monitoring of food - borne pathogens and dietary measures. A cross - sectional study was conducted in the local markets of Alsug Alkabeer (AB), Alsug Ashabi (AK), and Alsug Alsageer (AS) sites in Wad Madani state, Sudan to detect and assess Salmonella infection in raw and cooked chicken samples. The results showed that the maximum number of different Salmonella species was recovered from raw and cooked specimens of chicken obtained from AB, AK and AS which were 6.5, 4.4, and 4cfu/g, respectively. In addition, Salmonella spp. in the locally reared chicken is significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that of farm poultry. On the other hand, the highest Salmonella count was recorded in AS, AK and AB egg samples which were 5.9, 3.5, and 2.3cfu/g, respectively. Interestingly, eggs from local sources of chicken had significantly (p < 0.05) higher numbers of Salmonella spp. compared to those from farm sources. Six species of Salmonella were described, namely: Salmonella typhi, S. cheers, S. arizonae, S. enteritidis, S. pullorum, and S. gallinarum. High occurrence of Salmonella spp. in this study might be attributed to the low hygienic measures in the poultry retail markets during slaughtering and/or handling processes. Further studies are required and should be conducted within Gezira state to assess food safety.

3 illus, 3 tables, 36 ref

047324   SHAHID S M A, GINAWI T A N, KAUSAR M A, KUDDUS M, ALENAZI F S H , ALRESHIDI A H (Biochemistry Dep, Univ of Hail, Saudi Arabia, Email: sm.shahid@uoh.edu.sa) : Public awareness of the coronary artery disease and its risk factors in the population of Hail region, Saudi Arabia: a crosssectional study. Adv life Sci 2020, 8(1), 89 - 92.

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a severe cardiovascular complication prevalent in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The risk factors of this disease are so high that it became one of the major causes of mortality among middle - aged individuals. This study aimed to investigate the degree of awareness about risk factors for CAD among the Hail region population. The study was carried out in the Hail region, Saudi Arabia, from April 2020 to May 2020. Data collected from five hundred and thirty - seven participants participated through an online survey. The process of selection of participants was through volunteer testing and an online review poll that was disseminated to them to complete. No limitations on age or sex were applied to the surveys. Awareness of TV watching (88.5 %), smoking (87.9%), lack of physical activities (78.4 %) and family history of CAD (74.7 %) as the leading cause of CAD has a notable higher percentage among the studied population whereas the family history of diabetes mellitus (51.6 %), having diabetes mellitus (57.7 %), family history of hypertension (65.7 %) and family history of hyperlipidemia (69.1 %) have the lowest percentages. Regarding the gender, the male participants have the poorest awareness degrees about risk factors for the CAD. The study revealed that the family history of hyperlipidemia, Family history of DM, having DM and family history of hypertension have the poorest degrees of awareness of the risk factors for CAD among the studied population.

1 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref

003379   THAKUR N S, AARTI, THAKUR A, ATTRI S, HAMID, GAUTAM S (Food Science and Technology Dep, Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar Univ of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan - 173 230, Himachal Pradesh) : Studies on storage quality evaluation of drink prepared from Rhododendron (Rhododendron arboreum Sm.) flowers extract. Annals Phytomed 2021, Vol 10 (1), 263 - 76.

Rhododendron (Rhododendron arboreum Sm.) is one of the wild flower of Himachal Pradesh (India) which can be of great economic importance because of its high antioxidants, colour pigments and other quality parameters besides its medicinal properties. Drink or RTS beverage is quite popular product because of longer shelf-life and less loss of nutrients during processing. In present investigation, effect of packaging and storage conditions on the various quality parameters of rhododendron drink was studied. The physicochemical and sensory characteristics of rhododendron drink packed in pre-sterilized glass and PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) bottles stored in ambient (20-25^oC) and refrigerated temperature (4-7^oC) conditions were estimated at 0, 3 and 6 months of storage. Drink could be safely stored for a period of six months under both the storage conditions without much change in the various physicochemical and sensory characteristics. The various physicochemical characteristics like total soluble solids (12.00 to 12.47 ^oB), reducing sugars (7.05 to 8.62 %), titratable acidity (0.30 to 0.26 %), ascorbic acid (1.43 to 0.28 mg/100 ml), anthocyanins (9.68 to 6.33 mg/100 ml), total phenols (14.24 to 12.63 mg GAE/100 ml) and antioxidant activity (9.66 to 7.44 %) increased/decreased during the storage period. However, these changes were slower in refrigerated storage conditions as compared to that under ambient conditions. The drink stored in PET and glass bottles was found suitable for consumption, with comparatively less changes occurring in glass bottles stored under refrigerated conditions.

5 illus, 17 tables, 39 ref

003364   MOUNIKA M, HYMAVATHI T V (Foods and Nutrition Dep, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural Univ, Hyderabad - 500 030, Telangana State) : Nutrient and phytonutrient quality of nutricereals incorporated flour mix suitable for diabetics. Annals Phytomed 2021, Vol 10 (1), 132 - 40.

Diabetes is a health problem whose burden is evident in developing countries, and over the decades, it has been drastically increasing at the global level. It became one of the causes of death. Diet is one of the interventions to control diabetes. Consumption of millets or whole grains with pulses is associated with lowering non-communicable diseases, as they contain a large amount of dietary fiber, minerals, phenolics, and antioxidants. The current study was aimed to develop a product from millets suitable for consumption by people with diabetes. Selected millets, viz., foxtail millet, proso millet, kodo millet and barnyard millet were procured from the local market. Wheat flour (Triticum aestivum L.), green-gram dhal (Phaseolus aureus Roxb), oats, soybean (Glycine max Merr), barley, fenugreek seeds, and gums were procured from the local market. Flour mixes were prepared by mixing dehulled, milled millet flours with other grain flours in different proportions, keeping 100 % whole wheat flour as control. All the flour samples were tested for nutrients and phytonutrients using AOAC methods. The moisture content, total carbohydrate, and energy content were decreased; protein, crude fiber, ash, and lipid contents were increased significantly (p<0.01) with the incorporation of millet flour blend in minor millet flour mix (MMFM) compared to control flour. Antioxidant and phytonutrients, viz., total phenols, and phytic acid content were high in the MMFM.

2 illus, 4 tables, 70 ref

003218   UPASANA, PANDEY V, CHAKRAVARTY A, TRIPATHI Y B, GUPTA K K (Home Science Dep, Mahila Coll Dalmianagar, Rohtas ? 821 307, Email: me.upasana87@gmail.com) : Effect of intake of hypocaloric diet and low fat dairy food on biomarkers of weight gain among working women in Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. Adv Hum Biol 2021, 11 (1), 63 - 72.

The rise in overweight and obesity is a major public health problem in today’s era. The main reasons are nutrition transition, urbanisation, westernisation, sedentary lifestyle and lack of physical activity. These interlinkage leads to modifications in physiological response via adipocytokines which are closely related to degenerative diseases. The study aims to find out the percent change in biomarkers of weight gain among overweight and obese working women (respondents). By purposive sampling technique, 32 respondents were selected and data were collected by interview schedule method. All respondents underwent 6 months of intervention programme i.e., dietary guidelines of following the hypocaloric diet suggested with dairy food products.  Anthropometric measurements showed a highly significant change among cases (P < 0.001). Among cases, systolic blood pressure showed a significant difference (P < 0.01) after 6 months. Biochemical parameters among cases showed significant changes among fasting plasma glucose (P < 0.01), fasting insulin (P < 0.05) and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (P < 0.01). Significant changes were also observed among cases in biochemical parameters, i.e., total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), total lipids, non-HDL cholesterol, cholesterol HDL ratio and Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index(OUICKI) (P < 0.001). High‑sensitive C‑reactive protein, tumour necrosis factor alpha and adiponectin also showed significant change after 6 months (P < 0.001). Nutrient intake also showed statistically significant change after intervention (P < 0.001) except in the intake of phosphorus and calcium (P > 0.05). Apositive correlation was noticed between systolic blood pressure with weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and percent body fat and between adiponectin and waist–hip ratio. HOMA-IR and QUICKI also showed a positive correlation with energy intake (P < 0.05). Incorporating a hypocaloric diet with dairy food products helps in harmonising the biomarkers of weight gain among respondents.

6 tables, 47 ref

000810   MOHOD A A, KHADSE V A, CHIRDE P N (Directorate of Extension Education, Akola, Maharashtra) : Quality performance of vegetables grown under organic and integrated nutrient management production systems. J Pharma Innov 2021, 10(5), 218-21.

A field experiment was carried out at Agronomy Farm, Dr. PDKV, Akola during Rabi season of 2017-18 on clayey soil. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with nine treatment combinations and four replications. Treatments consist of three nitrogen sources viz., 100 % N through urea, 50 % N through FYM + 50 % N through urea and 50 % N through FYM + 50 % N through Vermicompost + Biofertilizers and three vegetables viz., Coriander, Fenugreek and Spinach. Experimental results revealed that higher chlorophyll content of the leaves of all vegetables was observed with application of 50 % N through FYM + 50 % N through urea than other nitrogen sources. In case of shelf life of leafy vegetables physiological weight loss was lowest which was produced by the application of 50 % N through FYM + 50 % N through Vermicompost + Biofertilizers. Fenugreek recorded lowest physiological weight loss in refrigerator, covered with wet cloth and at room temperature at 24 and 48 hours. Dark green colour of all vegetables was acceptable by 40 % respondents, better aroma of all leafy vegetables, was experienced by 42 % respondents and good taste was noted by 50 % respondents which were resulted by the application of 50 % N through FYM + 50 % N though Vermicompost + Biofertilizers.

4 tables, 10 ref

000805   SHARMA R, BORAH A (Lovely Professional Univ, Phagwara, Punjab) : Prospect of microcapsules as a delivery system in food technology: A review. J Pharma Innov 2021, 10(5), 182-91.

Microencapsulation is the process by which any active substances are coated with the help of very small capsules. The size of the capsules can range from one micron to several hundred micron values. The usage of these capsules is not limited to any field; it plays important role in many industries related to pharmaceutical, biotechnology, food industries and in research applications as well. With the help of this latest technology encapsulation of vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, flavors, omega-3 fatty acids, micro-organisms, enzymes, oils, peptides, protein hydrolysate, antioxidants and polyphenols is possible and there are many factors that play a vital role in the efficiency of microcapsules such as the concentration of polymer, rate of solvent removal, solubility of polymer insolvent, etc. microencapsulation can be done in many ways such as; spray drying, extrusion, lyophilization, coacervation, spray cooling, fluidized bed coating, co-crystallization and inclusion complexation. The article is a review of microencapsulation technology and lays emphasis on various substances that can be encapsulated with the help of this technique and different types of microencapsulation.

2 illus, 1 table, 70 ref

000480   ASHOKA S, SHAMSHAD BEGUM S, VIJAYALAXMI K G (Food Science and Nutrition Dep, Agricultural Sciences Univ, Bengaluru, Karnataka) : Byproduct utilization of watermelon to develop watermelon rind flour based cookies. J Pharma Innov 2021, 10(2), 196-9.

Bakery products are popular among different cross sections of population in India and many bakery products are nutritional and have become important part of diet of the people. Cookies are most popular snack items that are small, usually round and flat made from stiff, sweetened dough, and baked. In the present study, Cookies were developed by incorporating watermelon rind flour at different levels like 10, 20, and 30 per cent with refined wheat flour and compared with control (100 % refined wheat flour). The sensory scores revealed that the overall acceptability of cookies with 30 % incorporation had good acceptable score (8.23) whereas for control cookies sensory score was (8.04). The nutrient composition of best accepted cookies had protein (4.68g), fat (30.04g), crude fibre (3.25g) and carbohydrate (45.69g). Also, cookies had good amount of calcium, iron and phosphorous i.e. 43.11mg, 2.30mg, and 71.81mg respectively per 100g of cookies. Hence watermelon rind flour which is nutritious by-product of watermelon can be utilized in bakery products to upscale the nutritional profile.

1 illus, 3 tables, 10 ref

045746   KUMAR I R (Yoga and Physical Science Dep, Eknath Bhavan, Bengaluru- 560 019, Karnataka, Email: itagi.ravi@gmail.com) : Biological cold fusion effect in germination of green gram seeds. Int J Sci Nat 2020, 11(2), 31-5.

Biological cold fusion is the way of changing one element into another, unequivocal fusion of mid-range elements through low energy nuclear reactions. Here green grams seeds were germinated in the room temperature and at its atmosphere condition. Elemental analysis was done with wet method by using optical emission spectrometry. Results show that in germinated seeds Na increased by 235 %, Mg by 14 %, P by 25 %, K by 26 % and Cu increased by 14 % and among decreased elements Ca decreased by 14 %. Changes in the value of trace elements in the germinated seeds might be due to biological cold fusion taken place in the seeds.

1 illus, 4 tables, 8 ref

045743   BANO R (English Dep, SKUAST, J&K) : An insult to women everywhere: A case-study of exploitation of women in the bell jar by sylvia plath. Int J Sci Nat 2020, 11(1), 10-3.

In a modern society like ours, which benefits from advances such as mechanization and birth control, the male advantage has become largely if not entirely redundant. But still the patriarchy endures, upheld by hoary ideology and vested interests. So, the present paper is a case study with special focus on the institution of marriage inflicted upon women for their exploitation as represented in the selected text. This objective has been realized through text based exploration of the exploitation of women in the name of marriage. The ideology is manifested, among others, in the socialization of children, which emphasizes man as breadwinner and decision-taker, and woman as mother and homemaker. The selected text has been analyzed in the light of feminist ideology. The research highlights generally the exploitation of women in the 1950’s. The institution of marriage has been viewed as a hard chain that restricts female members of the American society from flourishing as individual beings. The outcome of this exploitation has been seen in the negation of this institution by the protagonist and her negative impression of this institution. The study has consulted the perspectives of feminists such as Josephine Donovan, Kate Millet and Sheila Cronan to critically evaluate the suffering and its consequences for the protagonist to generalize this social institution of marriage.

13 ref

046815   ELLYANI E, DIMYATI K, ABSORI A, WARDIONO K, BUDIONO A (Muhammadiyah Univ, Bengkulu, Indonesia, Email: emmaellyani@yahoo.com) : Psychological analysis of Jenang Kutei judges in delivering a verdict of Matai Bilai and Cuci Kampong (Purification Ritual) in Rejang Lebong Regency, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194468.

Jenang Kutai judges or judges of custom law are judges that are selected from traditional leaders, community leaders or religious leaders. They are highly respected as they are considered as a role model and are prestigious in the society. Well-mannered characteristics owned by custom law judges is underpinned by their maturity balanced with applicable norms in the society. As a judge, Jenang Kutai judge should be calm, assertive, fair, and bold in making decision or delivering a verdict. This is done in order to enforce the law. Even though sometimes such judges psychologically have sympathy for the defendant, they have to pass sentence because people they believe that God’s punishment through hazard disaster will come for those who commit the crime and do not enforce the law.

22 ref

046814   KHARGAN A A, MUHAMMAD S Y, ALWAN H A S (Thi-Qar Univ, Nasiriyah, Iraq, Email: anmar.atshan@utq) : The effect of special exercises by using training methods to assist in the development of some motor abilities and handstand skill of still rings for young people. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194467.

Artistic gymnastics is considered as one of the plays that developed, in which the performance reaches to the top, we exactly dedicate to the still rings device that its exercises characterized by strength, stability, pronation and tucks flyaway of handstand, so an athlete needs to strength, speed, endurance, fitness, balance and flexibility. This study aims at preparing some special exercises using assistance tools to improve some motor and skills abilities on the Still Rings device. This study hypothesized that there is no significant differences between pre and post-tests of the experimental and control groups in the motor abilities and handstand skills of still rings device for the good of experimental group. The researchers used descriptive method with two groups. After homogenizing and equaling the sample of the research, the researchers applied special exercises on the experimental group that made up of (24) training modules. The researchers concluded that the special exercises with assistance tools have a great role in improving the motor and skillful abilities of the experimental group. The use of these assistance tools in improving the performance of some skills which assist in saving time and effort of the trainer and the player.

5 tables, 5 ref

046769   EL-EISAWY A G A (Babylon Univ, Hillah, Iraq) : Unemployment and its role in increasing crime rates within the Iraqi society. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194715.

Unemployment is a complex problem whose dimensions and effects are not confined to the economic aspect solely, but also extend to the political, social, cultural and security aspects. It has great consequences, the first of which is crime and the increase of its rates. Perhaps there is a big difference between the developing communities that are still suffering from economic crises and instability in most fields of life, and suffer from chronic unemployment, which almost takes the form of the heavy legacy passed down from one generation to the next and the developed communities that are thinking of the need to exploit leisure time ideally through the creation of more future job opportunities and the importance of providing generous pensions for aged groups, not to mention the development of service sectors, especially health services and increasing the percentage of those covered by health care and health insurance services. Perhaps the difference between these and those is the attraction factor of security stability, which is the most effective tool for crime prevention and control, rather than the huge money spent by developing communities in building and arming the security.

22 ref.

046763   JASSIM H E A A, ABBAS S A (Babylon Univ, Hillah, Iraq) : International crimes and the legal basis of the international committee of the red cross in armed conflict. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194709.

International and non-international armed conflicts and other acts of violence are conflicts that cause death, persecution, suffering, internal displacement and destruction of the nation’s infrastructure. These conflicts, with their various names, revolve around most of the world. There are international conflicts between two states and conflicts involving armed groups within the state known as armed conflicts Non-international, and there are internal tensions and tensions known as internal conflicts (other violence). International and non-international armed conflicts govern international law. International humanitarian law is the basis for the rule of these disputes, which is defined as the laws of war. The definition and classification of disputes and their conditions leads to the identification of serious violations of international humanitarian law and the applicable international law. Article 2 of the four Geneva Conventions of 1949, Additional Protocol I of 1977, which deals with international armed conflicts, and non-international armed conflicts apply Article III, in particular Additional Protocol II of 1977 Which complemented Article 3 common to fill the deficiency and imbalance in this article.

18 ref

046665   JALOOD H H, MAKTOOF A A, AL-REKABY H R (General Directorate of Education, Thi-Qar, Iraq, Email: alzaidyhayder@gmail.com) : Role of MnSOD Val16Ala gene polymorphism in changing the level of serum metals in workers exposed to heavy metals in Al-Nasiriyah City. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194342.

Low activity of antioxidant enzymes due to polymorphism in antioxidant genes and differences in mineral and metal levels creates oxidative stress that may play a role in advancing many diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the role of Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene polymorphism [rs4880 Val16Ala)] in exposed workers and to compare the levels of metals and minerals among its various genotypes in control group. A total of 80 individuals including age and gender matched workers and control group were genotyped. Detection of rs4880 polymorphism was done using sequencing technique. The blood serum were tested for determination of metals and minerals using Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AA 6600 Shimadzu). This study indicate that the frequency of T allele was higher than that of C allele in control group as well as in workers. Our results indicate no association between all genotypes in study subjects. The results of present study indicates that Pb and Cd concentration differ significantly between TT genotypes of MnSOD (rs4880) gene polymorphism as compared to CC genotypes in workers and control group (p<0.05). Control group with TT, TC and CC genotypes have high concentration of Fe, Cu and Zn as compared to workers group.

2 illus, 1 table, 21 ref

046659   MUIN F, MUCHAROM R S, IZZIYANA W V (Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa Univ, Banten- 42124, Indonesia, Email: fatkhulmoen@gmail.com) : Synergy of government and regional government authority in providing health guarantee for communities in Indonesia. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194336.

The main idea of the government was to form a special institution to handle social security for the community in 2004, which was through the Social Security System Act. With the provisions of this law, in 2011, the Republic of Indonesia Law No. 24 of 2011 concerning the Social Security Organizing Agency (BPJS) and implementing regulations. On another aspect, the social security system is certainly difficult to implement if the system is not integrated between the central government and regional governments. With an integrated system, a social security system in the health sector will be built, this is in line with Law No. 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government, where one of the concurrent affairs in the health sector. The purpose of this research is to analyze the synergy of the authority of the government and regional governments in implementing social security in the health sector by using qualitative methods and normative juridical approaches.

12 ref

046651   AL-HUSSONA A J, AHMED F A W (Education Ministry, Dhi Qar, Iraq, Email: alijalhussona@gmail.com) : Molecular detection of mutations in mtCOX1 gene in Iraqi patients with aortic and mitral valve diseases. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194328.

Many evidences suggest that aortic and mitral valve diseases are not a direct result of aging but may be linked to various genetic factors. This study was designed to determine the potential role of mutations in certain mitochondrial genes and their association with aortic and mitral valve disease. The study included 31 patients , 16 with aortic valve defect and 15 mitral valve patients in addition to 20 healthy volunteers as comparative group. The results of the molecular analysis showed that there were 11 mutations of those with an aortic valve, seven silent mutations and two mutations recorded for the first time in the present study at the sites m.6922 G>T; p.W340L, m.6690 G> C; p.G263R and deletion mutation at m.6936 delA site recorded at the clinical variation site with accession number SCV000845763 and one insertion mutation at m.6908 insG site and registered with accession number SCV000845764. The results of the study recorded 12 mutations of the mitral valve eight silent mutations and the other significant mutations at sites m.6253 T>C; p.M117T, m.6366G>A; p.V155I, m.6690G> C; p.G263R and deletion mutation m.6607 insT site registered with the accession number SCV000852048.

1 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref

046646   ABSORI A, NUGROHO S S, HARYANI A T, SARJIYATI S, BUDIONO A, NUGROHO H S W, JAYANUARTO R (Campus of Muhammadiyah Univ of Surakarta, Pabelan Surakarta, Indonesia, Email: absorisaroni@gmail.com) : The Prospect of Environmental Law to Achieve Healthy Environmental Development in Indonesia. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194323.

Every citizen has the right to achieve the constitutional guarantee to live in a good and healthy environment, to be able to grow and develop. The environmental law’s role and prospect as the agent of stability, agent of development, and agent of change is something which cannot be negotiated to achive a healthy environmental development in Indonesia. It is to avoid pollution and environmental devastation for the sake of today’s and the future’s generations.

18 ref

046635   MOHAPATRA S (K.I.I.T, Bhubaneshwar- 751 024) : Self determination and indigenous people: The fight for ‘commons’. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194313.

History has always seen the less-privileged as the one suffering the alienation of their rights, entitlements. It is equally true that these communities have fought back to claim what is rightfully theirs. The principle of Self determination or the right to decide how to be governed can be traced back to World War-1 and the principles laid down by Woodrow Wilson. This right to Self determination exists for each one of us. This becomes even more imminent when it belongs to a community which has its own preserved culture to protect, it has its own resources of which it is the foremost protector. Here the paper emphasizes how the tribals in India have now been reduced to a mere dependant and beggary.The paper traces the various changes of the Indian legal system governing the relationship between the ‘Commons’ and the Tribal Communities. But ‘the history of Forests is the history of conflicts’. The researcher has taken two case studies- the struggles of the Dongria-Kondhs of Odisha and the Sentinelese from Andaman , to show how these communities have in their own unparalleled ways protect their Commons from the never-ending appetite of the industrialization and human greed. Lastly, the researcher has analysed various provisions from the Corpus of Indian laws, to find out where is the State missing out. Along with it, the researcher has also suggested potential reforms to those lags , so as to guarantee the Tribals their “Right of Self Determination” in wholesome.

14 ref

046634   MISRA S, PATTNAIK P K (Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Univ, Bhubaneswar- 751 003, Email: shyamantak@soa.ac.in ) : Lilliputian neglected happenings call for Snafu: “theory of broken windows”. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194312.

This article named “Lilliputian neglected happenings call for snafu” is a work focusing on the small things that are usually neglected and avoided during policing which further leads to hampering of peace and harmony in the neglected society or community thus giving a chance to the delinquents and offenders to foul up and create a chaotic situation. This work is inspired from the “Theory of Broken Windows” which was introduced by James Q Wilson and George L. Kelling in March 1982 in an article named “Broken Windows: The Police & neighborhood safety” in The Atlantic, retrieved 2007-09-03. This article first starts explaining the definition and origin of theory in general then how it reached its targeted audience and got popularized. The influencing power of the theory has been elaborately discussed, its theoretical tendency to revamp the policing methods have been stated and then the practical adoption of the theory by the New York police department and the consequences of the same have been enunciated. Finally the observation after through research works whether the theory is practically persistent or not has been deduced along with the concluding remarks.

5 ref

041562   RUTTANOKORN K, NUNTANAKORN P, JANMAHASATIAN S, ROJANARATA T (Silpakorn Univ, Pathom-73000, Thailand, Email: rojanarata_t@su.ac.th) : Promoting student-run online class review activities as effective cooperative learning. Indian J Pharm Edu Res 2020, 54(4), 915-20.

The aim of this work was to enable students to set up and organize for themselves online review activities after class. Students worked as groups to create short notes and quizzes that covered the topics from a lecture course and shared them by using free online tools. To provide support and motivation, the instructors offered advice on how to organize the activities and effectively create quizzes and notes. Prizes were awarded to students who won the popular votes for the best short notes and some students’ quizzes were incorporated into the end of course exam. After the activities, the students’ opinions and levels of satisfaction were surveyed. The students generated, submitted for evaluation, revised and then shared class review materials on a website operated by students themselves. After being improved through instructor’s assessment, the quizzes and short notes were well received and used by students, resulting in a higher average exam score with a lower variance than that in the previous year in which these activities were not conducted. The students reported that they were satisfied with the activities, had a positive attitude towards them and perceived their benefits. Furthermore, they understood the process of how to produce online review activities and were confident that they could transfer their experiences to set up similar activities in other courses. By giving students the opportunity of learning how to run lesson review activities online and providing them with appropriate supports, learning can be shifted from a teacher-organized task to a student-run activity, providing an effective means of cooperative learning.

2 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

046620   PATTNAIK A (SOA Univ, Bhubaneshwar- 751 003, Email: a.pattnaik82@gmail.com) : Direction of environmental virtue an epilogue: A critical analysis of 19th century case laws. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194298.

In this race the Indian legislature, fortunately, has not lagged far behind and has shown great concern for degradation of environment” and made specific legislative attempts to control different environmental pollution in particular. On the other hand, the second limb of the state, the executive, has been moving at a snail’s pace or what Justice Krishna Iyer says, the bureaucratic machinery, which difunctionally, has passion for files, not for the people.” Whereas, the judiciary is trying its best to balance the environment and development. In view of the degrading environment which poses a problem for the very survival of living things, the environmental law academics lately started paying attention to this underdeveloped field. Out of the three components of the state, the academics in India have generally confined their discussions to the approach of the legislature. The executive approach in environment has yet to attract serious attention of the law academics’ writings. However, the judicial approach finds some place in the law writings. The present paper makes an attempt to take further the discussion on Indian judicial approach in the field of environment. Such academic exercise is all the more necessary in the present time because Indian judiciary since 1980 is taking special cognizance of the pollution explosion and there is a substantial increase in the case law in environment. Is not the time ripe to take stock of the direction of environmental legality in India? The present paper makes a humble attempt in this direction. It confines discussion to the cases of 1987 decided by the Supreme Court of India and the High Courts. This specific year has been selected because the graph of case law in environment from the year 1950 to 1990 shows its highest peak in 1987.

27 ref

046619   DAS A, MISHRA A (Shiksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Univ, Bhubaneshwar- 751 003, Email: amrutadas@soa.ac.in,) : International humanitarian approach on ‘identity crisis’ of LGBTQ: A global perspective. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194297.

Unlawful attacks on sexuality perpetuated by intolerance of the binary sex poses a serious concern on the honour and reputation of a transgender person being an ‘individual’ making the minority vulnerable with poor physical and mental health. Being a person with diverse sexual expression is no limitation to enjoy basic inalienable rights being a ‘human’ suppressing sexual orientation and identity is an arbitrary denial of right to love with dignity. Streets taking up ‘pride parade’ movements confronting the Governments demanding progressive laws against discrimination, harassment and degrading treatment, recognition of their constitutional fundamental and basic human rights still remain far from reality. International commitments drafted at Conventions remain non-functional because most of the legal systems defend a stigmatised religious attitude and intolerance of culture. However, regardless of variation in customs, culture or societal norm, it is obligated on countries to secure freedom of expression of LGBTQ for an inclusive society. Homosexualities in sports and athletes have shown apologetic and disheartening incidents of voyeurism, trauma and humiliation. The alleged sex controversy of 2012 involving the Asian Games gold winner Pinki Pramanik (Indian Athlete) raised disturbing questions on a person’s anatomical features, right to privacy of body, standards of morality when she was mistreated and lodged in a male prison on accusations of raping her live-in-partner. This paper is an attempt to bring out the perspective of world community on personhood and human rights of the LGBTQ/transgender community.

12 ref

046617   SATAPATHY S, MOHANTY M (Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, Email: madhubratamohanty@soa.ac.in) : Constitutionality of attempt to commit suicide unlocking the controversy. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194295.

A person is born free but he does not have this freedom to choose his death. Suicide is a deliberate act of killing of oneself. Suicide as such is not a crime but when an attempt is taken it can be considered as one under Section 309 of Indian Penal Code. The debate round the corner is whether attempt to commit suicide should be punished or not. A person was aware of the outcome of committing suicide, still knowingly takes an attempt. Suicide as a problem is the mixture of social, psychological, philosophical, moral, ethical and legal reasons behind it. An act of suicide requires grave awareness because there is nothing an ordinary prudent man fears more than his death, and that fear in the huge majority of cases, is as logical as it is inevitable. This paper has drawn the attention towards the ongoing debate of retaining or deleting Section 309 by testing its validity on the ground of Article 21 of the constitution of India which provides right to life as a fundamental right.

9 ref

046610   YADAV P, VIG K (Amity Univ, Noida, Email: parulyadavonline@gmail.com) : Restrictions imposed by human biology in achievement of gender justice as human rights. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194288.

In contemporary times with frequency as high as that of everyday , we are witnessing debates on implementation of gender justice. Be it college forums, news channels or for that matter parliament everywhere and everyone at both conscious and sub-conscious levels are aware of the problems resulting because of imbalance in power equations between the genders. The focus area of this research paper will be India and legislation of India which has made many laws, bye-laws and rules to bring feminine and masculine gender on the same footing but yet there are gaps through which gender justice is getting hit hard despite the Criminal Amendment Act of 2013 and 2018. Complication by the NALSA judgment have occurred as a result of which the definition of gender justice needs over-hauling but the Indian society is unwilling for it. Through this research paper , researchers trace out the problem is actually lying in the very meaning of sex, sexuality and gender as understood by the society of India and the solution is lying in being neutral towards sex and gender.

16 ref

046607   MISHRA A, DAS A (Shiksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Univ, Bhubaneshwar- 751 003, Email: amritamishra@soa.ac.in,) : Manufacturers’ and Endorsers’ Liability : ‘Shifting the Onus’ approach. Med Legal Update 2020, 20(1), 10.37506/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194285.

Endorsement being seen as a platform for presentation of traits and performances of a product, it draws an analogy with ‘invitation to offer’ with the product or service voicing their presence via celebrity personalities attracting attention. Though the case of Donoghue v. Stevenson remains the original precedent on manufacturer’s negligence and absence of any contractual obligations to the consumer making him responsible towards the ultimate beneficiary, the ratio and obiter should be analysed in sharing a lookalike obligation on endorsers for injury ensuing from use of such product or service. Since the debate of Nestles’ Maggi brand, there has been a look out at the existing liability regime for the celebrity endorsers of such products. In the wake of flooding consumables in the free competitive market, falsification of critical data, misleading and non-obvious statements and superficial promising results often prejudice consumers’ choice as well as preference, thereby affecting their rights to claim for healthy, consumer friendly products and income justified and habit of consumerism. Moreover, being a ‘ideal’ ‘God like’ and ‘larger than life’ figure to common man, personalities from entertainment, sports and other popular industry invite a stricter interpretation on their ‘responsibility quotient’ because of the edge over other professional advertisements in terms of greater credibility and trust.

9 ref

046602   MISHRA N, CHAURASIA J, SRIVASTAVA R (Home Science Dep, Allahabad Univ, Prayagraj- 211 002, Email: rashmi.ns814@gmail.com) : Influence of extraction solvents on antioxidant activity of Withania somnifera. Med Plants 2020, 12(4), 648-55.

Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) is a promising source of bioactive compounds and known for its medicinal properties for prehistoric times in India. The efficient and cost-effective extraction of bioactive compounds is the foremost step for drug development. The study was performed to evaluate the effect of selected solvents (hexane, chloroform, acetone, methanol, and aqueous) on the extraction yield, phytochemical composition, and antioxidant capacity of W. somnifera. Results showed that methanol followed aqueous extract is the most effective solvent with highest extraction yield (5.8 %), phenolic content (85.88 mg GAE/g), and flavonoid content (105.09 mg QCE/g).The antioxidant activity was found to be effective in the order methanol > aqueous > acetone > chloroform > hexane extracts at different concentrations of 60- 240 µg/ml. TPC and TFC positively correlated with antioxidant activity, however, there is a strong correlation (<0.9) between the total flavonoid content and the antioxidant activity than phenol. In conclusion, solvent polarity significantly affects the extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of W. somnifera.

1 illus, 4 tables, 30 ref

041161   DEBNATH D, KAKKAR R (Community and Family Medicine Dep, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, Email: drrakesh75@rediffmail.com) : Modified BG prasad socio-economic classification, updated – 2020. Indian J Comm Health 2020, 32(1), 124-5.

SES of a family is often an important parameter of measurement in various health studies. Socioeconomic status is an important tool which influences the accessibility, affordability, acceptability, availability and utilization of various resources. The concept of socio-economic status is widely used in medical sociology.

2 tables, 13 ref

046359   DEOBHANJ S (School and Mass Education Dep, Odisha Gov, Odisha, Email: deobhanj@gmail.com) : Communication for conservation – Linking the gap with nature camps. J Scient Temp 2020, Vol 8(3&4), 185-95.

Nature camps are incredible personal experiences in the lap of nature. Nature acts as the best teacher. People are usually so engaged in their daily work that they communicate less with nature and also understand less the lessons it teaches. Nature camps are held in groups, mostly in wildlife sanctuaries for one day or more. They facilitate correlation of natural resources, natural phenomena, etc. with school subjects to make a better impact on the student’s learning about nature. An attempt with one hundred high school science teachers in Cuttack city has been made in the present study, to analyze their responses and views regarding participation in nature camps for effective science communication. It was agreed by the majority that visits to nature camps help to have better understanding of the environment and the related local and global issues, than their peers who do not visit. They also cited some limitations and also advantages of the visits. Nature camps enhance communication regarding biodiversity, conservation, pollution, global warming, climate change, etc. among students as well as community members. The gap between the classrooms and the real world can be linked through these nature camps for global peace and sustainable development.

2 tables, 5 ref

046354   SHARMA N, AKHTER Y, MIR S A (Teacher Education Dep, Central Univ of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh, Email: navneetsharma29@gmail.com) : Science education in India: A misnomer for scientific temper. J Scient Temp 2020, Vol 8(3&4), 135-45.

Indians being ‘argumentative’ can even justify the indefensible and the conventional scientific logic and rationality appear amorphous and adjustable to us, which can be tailored to justify our firmly held superstitious beliefs and obscurantist practices. Scientific temper is a requisite to evolve an ‘Ask why’ society to sustain and reinvigorate the Indian democracy, which needs to be re-understood in the context of popular culture and pedagogical practices of science education. In this article, we tend to problematize what is scientific temper? Why scientific temper continues to elude us despite being part of our constitutional fundamental duty and framework. The aim is to negotiate with the idea of science as understood by Indians, while simultaneously deconstructing the idea of Indian science. The article will also explore the pedagogical concerns of science education in India. The penultimate question would be about the possibility of evolving scientific temper with the contemporary science education policies and system. The paper attempts to analyze how science education in Indian classroom settings continues to evade evolvement of scientific temper

16 ref

040510   SHIRISHA P (Humanities and Social Sciences Dep, IIT Madras, Chennai - 600 042, Tamil Nadu, Email: shirisha@zoho.com) : What lessons should Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana learn from the shortfalls of Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana: The case of Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana in Chhattisgarh. Indian J Community Med 2020, 45(2), 135-8.

Publicly funded health insurance has been rolled out by many states as well central government. As it is being seen as a way of protection against catastrophic health expenditure. Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) has been one such attempt succeeded by the recent scheme Ayushman Bharat, which provides coverage of 5 lacs for each family per year. To assess RSBY on issues of equity across the state of Chhattisgarh. The district‑wise secondary data for Chhattisgarh were obtained from the official state website of RSBY maintained by the Government of Chhattisgarh. The data were utilized to estimate the claim ratio (procedure wise as well as district wise), enrollment pattern, rate of hospitalization, and average costs of hospitalization across the district to compare the change in trends since 2011 till 2017. There is an overall increase in enrollment, utilization, and number of empanelled hospitals. Also, a higher conversion ratio (i.e., increased proportion of the below poverty line households enrolled) shows a positive sign of improved coverage. All the districts faired on an average, barring Sukma with lowest enrollment rate (55 %) probably due to poor accessibility and political disturbances. Although there has been an increase in the overall utilization, procedure‑wise claims, and enrollment, there are signs of inequity, namely the skewed distribution of empanelled hospitals. Therefore, good or bad, RSBY offers important lessons to be learned for Ayushman Bharat.

1 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

039188   BHUTIA M O, THAPA N, TAMANG J P (Microbiology Dep, Sikkim Univ, Tadong - 737 102, Email: jyoti_tamang@hotmail.com) : Khyopeh, a traditional fermented yak meat product of Sikkim. Indian J Tradit Know 2020, 19, 187-91.

The preparation of naturally fermented meat product is an integral part of socio-cultural practice of different ethnic groups of people dwelling in the Himalayan regions of India, Nepal, Bhutan and Tibet in China. This study is aimed at documenting the traditional preparation of khyopeh, a naturally fermented meat product of yak prepared by ethnic people of Sikkim and its food safety. This is the first report on khyopeh with emphasis on its traditional method of preparation and food safety

3 illus, 1 tables, 19 ref

039172   EMIRUMSTAFAOGLU A, COSKUM H, GULER G (Gastronomy and Culinary Arts Dep, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal Univ, Turkey, Email: ahmetemir@ibu.edu.tr) : Some chemical, physical, microbiological and sensorial properties of traditional water buffalo yogurts produced in Turkey. Indian J Tradit Know 2020, 19, 83-91.

In this study, it was aimed to determine some physical, chemical, microbiological and sensorial properties of yogurts traditionally made from water buffalo milk in the Western Black Sea Region (WBSR) in Turkey. Totally 86 yogurt samples were collected from producers or sellers in the cities of Kastamonu, Karabük, Bartın, Zonguldak, Düzce and Boluin WBSR and analyzed. As a result of the analysis, mean dry matter (%), fat (%), non-fat dry matter (%), protein (%), ash (%), lactose (%), pH, acidity (LA, %), color values L*, a* and b*were obtained as 17.13±3.524, 6.98±2.327, 9.92±1.362, 4.48±0.690, 0.84±0.102, 4.59±1.011, 4.20±0.208, 1.22±0.236, 96.22±2.217, -3.30±0.412 and 8.50±1.513, respectively. Starch was determined in none of the samples. Average water holding capacity was 67.48±9.594% and viscosity was 1249.67±1077.762 mPa.s. In addition; firmness (g), consistency (g.sec), cohesiveness (g) and index of viscosity (g.sec) were found as 246.43±138.898, 4910.66±2234.522, 182.32±87.672 and 334.79±149.087, respectively. Acetaldehyde, ethanol, diacetyl, acetoin and aceton values were obtained as 8.93±4.205, 114.93±154.807, 0.95±0.014, 24.44±16.905 and 0.59±0.504 (mg/kg), respectively. Mean aerobic mesophilic count was found as 4.41±1.032 log cfu/g, coliforms as 2.37±1.077 log cfu/g, yeasts and molds as 4.16±1.076 log cfu/g and total lactic acid bacteria count as 5.96±0.923 log cfu/g. Sensorial analyses showed that average appearance score was 3.76±1.005, smell 4.03±0.978, taste 3.64±1.105, consistency by spoon 3.93±1.005 and consistency by mouth3.71±1.022 on scale 5. Important variations in properties analyzed were observed among the samples collected from different cities. For example, the values of dry matter, fat, protein, ash, water holding capacity, viscosity and color were the highest in the samples of Karabük city among the others.

5 tables, 33 ref

039036   WU Y, DING W, WANG Z, KOENIG H G, SHOHAIB S A (Epidemiology and Statistic Dep, Ningxia Medical Univ, Yinchuan- 750 004, China, Email: wzhzh_lion@126.com) : The relationship between parental religiosity and school age children's dietary behavior in Ningxia Province, China: A cross-sectional study. Ind J Pub Health 2020, 64(2), 154-60.

Studies have shown parental religious involvement was associated with better health behaviors of their children. However, the relationship between parental religiosity and child dietary behaviors remains unclear.  This study aimed to examine the relationship between parental religious involvement and the dietary behaviors of school‑aged children in mainland, China.  Participants were selected from a northwest province of China using a multi‑stage sampling process from July 2017 to October 2017. The frequency of parental religious activities and the importance of religion in life, along with the dietary behaviors of children, were collected using a questionnaire. Dietary pattern analysis coupled with multivariable linear regression was employed to test the association between parental religious involvement and children’s dietary behavior. The regression model indicated no significant relationship between parental religious behaviors and children’s dietary behaviors in the overall sample. However, the frequency of mother’s religious attendance was inversely related to children’s consumption of vegetables (β = −0.40, P < 0.05) in the Hui subsample (vs. Han) when stratifying analyses by ethnicity.  These findings suggest amongthose of Hui ethnicity, parental religious involvement may impact children’s dietary behavior in a way that may affect their future health habits.

3 tables, 38 ref

039032   TAQI M, SARKAR S, KHAN M M A (Geography Dep, Government PG Coll, Bhaderwah, Jammu and Kashmir, Email: taqizaik@gmail.com) : Analyzing the disparities in the coverage of maternal and child health services: A district-level cross-sectional analysis of Jammu and Kashmir. Ind J Pub Health 2020, 64(2), 130-4.

Improving overall coverage of maternal and child health (MCH) services is essentially required if India in general and Jammu and Kashmir state in particular have to attain the Sustainable Development Goals by the year 2030. Thus, the disparities in coverage of MCH services need to be assessed and addressed. The objective of this study was to examine the variation in coverage rates for a keyset of interventions in MCH services and to assess the relationship between coverage gap and socioeconomic development across the districts of Jammu and Kashmir. Data from the National Family Health Survey‑4 (NFHS‑4), 2015–2016, Census of India 2011, and Digest of Statistics Jammu and Kashmir were used to construct two composite indexes of coverage gap and socio economic development at district level. Cronbach’s alpha was used to assess the internal consistency of indicators used in the two indexes. The overall coverage gapin the state was 28.17 %, and the size of coverage gap was largest for family planning interventions (55.8 %), followed by treatment of sick children (26.95 %) and maternal and newborn care (18.75 %), and was smallest for immunization (10.5 %). There is a moderate negative correlation between coverage gap and socio economic development (r = −0.63, P = 0.01). Coverage of MCH services and socio economic development has a significant disparity in the districts of Jammu and Kashmir. Resource‑rich and more urbanized districts are much ahead of the poor and less urbanized districts in terms of the usage of MCH services.

1 illus, 3 tables, 25 ref

039028   WAHABI H A, SIS A M, FAYED A A, ESMAEIL S A (Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman Univ, Riyadh- 84428, Saudi Arabia, Email: fayedam_200@hotmail.com) : Effectiveness of health education in reducing secondhand smoke exposure among pregnant women visiting the antenatal clinic in Saudi Arabia: A randomized controlled trial. Ind J Pub Health 2020, 64(2), 102-8.

Pregnant women’s exposure to secondhand smoking (SHS) is associated with detrimental effects on the pregnancy outcomes. The objective of the study was to compare the effectiveness of face‑to‑face counseling, based on health belief model (HBM),combined with a written educational pamphlet, and health education using written pamphlet only, in improving pregnant women’s perception, behavior to avoid SHS and change in exposure to SHS. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2016. The intervention group received face‑to‑face health counseling on SHS, while the control group received only written educational pamphlets. Outcomes were the change in the perception of mother on the four constructs of the HBM and the change in mothers’ behavior of avoidance of SHS exposure. A total of 100 women were recruited for the study, of whom 93 (47 intervention and 46 control) women completed the study. All women identified their spouse as a source of SHS exposure. Following the intervention, the intervention group had significantly higher scores in the perception of susceptibility (21 ± 4 vs. 16 ± 7, P < 0.01) and severity (15 ± 3 vs. 12 ± 4, P < 0.01) and reduced perception scores of barriers to avoid SHS exposure (11 ± 4 vs. 9 ± 5, P = 0.03), compared to the control group. However, there was an insignificant change in the exposure to SHS after the intervention in both the groups; where 25 (53.2 %) women in the intervention group and 31 (67.4 %) in the control group (P = 0.16), continued to being exposed to SHS.  Counselling of pregnant women, based on HBM, has insignificant effect in reducing their exposure to SHS; however it is effective in improving their knowledge and perception about SHS exposure.

1 illus, 3 tables, 24 ref

003691   CRUZ A O D L (Cagayan State Univ-Sanchez Mira Campus Sanchez Mira, Cagayan North, R02, Philippines) : Push and pull factors towards a master’s or a doctorate degree. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2019, 6(6), 111-5.

Earning a doctorate or a master’s degree takes time, patience and hard work. Thus, it is reasonable to assume that only a small fraction of the teacher-population holds a graduate education degree. But, educators have to continually develop as lifelong learners through engagement in graduate studies (Harvey, 2005). However, over time teachers participate less in professional development (Schambach & Blanton, 2001). This study identified the personal, employment and graduate education profiles; motivations; and the forces that affect the Secondary School Teachers’ quest for a graduate education degree. Descriptivecorrelational design was adopted. Findings revealed that Family/Child Care Responsibilities and Course Fees are the forces perceived to restrain the pursuit of a graduate education degree. The driving forces are Family’s Support and Desire to increase Existing Knowledge. The strongest motivators for graduate students are for Professional Growth/Enhancement, and Prospect for Career Advancement/Promotion. Ethnicity, employment status and Present Rank established a relationship on the teachers’ motivation in the pursuit of graduate studies. With these, it can be inferred that no matter how great the restraining forces are if teachers are motivated, supported and committed to learning, earning a graduate education degree is possible.

4 tables, 16 ref

003696   KAUR J (Chandigarh Group of Coll, Sector 112, Landran Mohali, Punjab) : Game theory and its applications. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2019, 6(6), 41-4.

In the fast moving increasingly automated competitive world where Games are the aspect of life in various Disciplines namely Mathematics, Economics, International Relations and Politics, Commerce, social science, Operational Research, computer science etc. In this paper an attempt has been made to study the game theory and the implications of game theory in modern context of society regarding real life situations which is based on two approaches i.e. Problem solving and decision making.

4 illus, 5 ref

007454   SINGH S, MISHRA M L, SINGH P (Food Science and Nutrition Dep, Narendra Deva Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya) : An intervention study on utilization of Cauliflower Leaf Powder (CLP) on the nutritional status of selected rural school children of Kumarganj, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India. Biomed Res 2019, 30(6), 875-81.

In our country, micronutrient deficiency is growing very rapidly and affects all category of the population. Cauliflower leaves are normally redundant and contain high nutritional value. But due to unawareness, ignorance and socio-economic factor influenced its use to treat various micronutrient deficiencies. So it can be exploited at domestic level by incorporating in powder form (most acceptable percentage) and prepared products i.e. Fara, Dhokla and Laddoo were given. These supplements were given along with their daily diet. After feeding trials, blood samples were again collected and analyzed for hemoglobin level. Anthropometric measurements were also taken before and after intervention. When compared the weight (kg) of boys and girls before and after intervention, it was found that average % weight gain were 13.45 and 14.66 respectively. Whereas, when compared the average % gain in height (cm) of boys and girls before and after intervention, were 2.11 and 1.26, correspondingly. It was found that % Increase in Haemoglobin of boys of age 10 year+ and Age 11 year+ was 20.12 and 12.83 respectively. Whereas % Increase in Haemoglobin of girls of age 10 year+ and Age 11 year+ were 8.33 and 13.75 respectively. Hence, cauliflower leaves powder (CLP) could be utilized to progress the nutritional status of the people.

4 illus, 11 tables, 10 ref

007452   JUHIYA S K, DEVI L U, BILQUIS (Human Development and Family Studies Dep, Advanced Post Graduate Centre, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh) : Relationship between family environment and mental health status of tribal adolescents. Andhra Agric J 2019, 66(4), 645-9.

The present study was conducted to know the relationship between family environment and mental health status of tribal adolescents. One hundred and eighthy adolescents who were in the age range of 13 to 15 years constituted the sample. Family Environment scale was used to assess the adolescents perceptions about their family environment. Mental Health Battery was used to assess the mental health status of tribal adolescents. Results of the study was found significant among the relationship between family environment and mental health status of tribal adolescents.

3 tables, 4 ref

007453   NAVANEETHA Y, LAKSHMI K, LAKSHMI J (Advanced Post Graduate Centre, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh) : Development of value added biscuits by using foxtail millet and moringa leaves. Andhra Agric J 2019, 66(4), 640-4.

The present work was carried out to standardize the biscuits prepared from different blends of Foxtail millet and Moringa leaves. Samples of one variety of foxtail millet (Surya Nandi) were collected from ARS, Reddipalli, Anantapuramu District and Moringa leaves were collected from local areas of SVN colony, Guntur and those along with other ingredients were processed for further use. Different variations of ingredients were used to prepare biscuits. Those ratios were 90:10:0 as control, 70:20:10, 60:20:20, 50:20:30, 40:20:40 and 30:20:50 of Foxtail Millet, whole wheat flour and Moringa leaves respectively. Sensory evaluation was done by composite scoring test. The mean scores of sensory evaluation were subjected to Krushkal Walli H-Test. Results showed that the ratio of (Formula 1) 90:10:0 Foxtail Millet, whole wheat flour and Moringa leaves respectively gained highest score. It was considered as control sample. Among the Moringa incorporated biscuits, formula 2 with ratios of 70:20:10 Foxtail Millet, whole wheat flour and Moringa leaves respectively, gained highest acceptability which was on par with the control sample. Since formula 2 found to be highly acceptable in the biscuits prepared with 70:20:10 Foxtail Millet, whole wheat flour and Moringa leaves respectively, were considered for further studies relating physical properties, proximate compositionand mineral estimation. Cost of production was evaluated for most accepted biscuits formula 2. The cost was evaluated for standardized weights of ingredients for 100 g of biscuits. The price of 100g of the biscuits was approximately Rs.30.00.

3 tables, 15 ref

007455   SOUMYA P, LAKSHMI J, LAKSHMI K (Foods and Nutrition Dep, Advanced Post Graduate Centre, Andhra Pradesh) : Comparative analysis of vitamin C content in fresh and processed fruit juices in Guntur City. Andhra Agric J 2019, 66(4), 637-9.

Fruit juices have become an important part of human diet with increased demand for consumer needs for their nutritional value and refreshing nature. Fruit juices offer diversified health benefits as they are low in sodium content and fat, with high concentrations of vitamin C, polyphenols and antioxidants. Preliminary survey was done using a structured questionnaire to elicit the information on availability of variety of fruit juices, selling practices and number of vendors in Guntur city. Vitamin C content of six selected street vended fresh fruit juices and processed fruit juices (pineapple, apple, mosambi, grapes, pomegranate and guava) were chemically analyzed by standard methods. The results of the present study indicated that vitamin C concentrations in fresh and processed juices was pineapple juice (27.87 and 9.48 mg/100 ml), apple juice (2.79 and 1.41 mg/100 ml), mosambi juice (39.67 and 5.85 mg/100 ml), grape juice (15.45 and 5.67 mg/ 100 ml), pomegranate juice (10.73 and 6.31 mg/100 ml) and guava juice (113.59 and 69.51 mg/100 ml) respectively. From the results it can be concluded that fresh fruit juices contained more amounts of vitamin C compared to processed fruit juices. There was significant difference in the vitamin C content between fresh and processed fruit juices.

5 ref

006230   LOKESHWARI R K, SINGH O L (B.Voc Sericulture Dep, Nambol L Sanoi Coll, Nambo- 795 134, Email: oinamlukhoi@gmail.com) : Vespa basalis: An edible insect in Ukhrul District, Manipur. Indian J Entomol 2019, 81(3), 495-7.

Among the insect fauna, 48 species under various orders had been known to be edible and consumed by 32 native communities. Amongst these, the vespid wasp, Vespa basalis (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) is delicious and consumed by the natives Tangkhul- Nagas tribe in Ukhrul district of Manipur. The present observations reveal that this insect is more valued than meat and fishes, and it is found well-coordinated with the culture in the society. In this district, poor people cannot afford the bee or wasps because of its high cost. The brood of bee and wasp are specially sold during festival. The full- grown instars and pupae are consumed in raw or fried. As well these may be prepared in the form of curries, roasted and salads with common salt, chilli and spices like ginger and garlic. The hive containing the brood of V. basalis is sold @Rs.1000-1500/90 cm² during August to November.

2 illus, 23 ref

006228   GUHA I, MALIYE C H, GUPTA S S, GARG B S (Family Welfare and Preventive Medicine Dep, Government of Tripura, Agartala, Tripura, Email: ishita.agmc@yahoo.com) : Qualitative assessment of life skill development of adolescent girls through Kishori Panchayat: An Adolescents for Health Action Model in selected villages of rural Central India. Indian J Community Med 2019, 44(3), 265-70.

The “Adolescents for Health Action model,” Kishori Panchayat (KP) is an innovative approach for mobilizing and empowering adolescent girls by enhancing their life skills by participating in various community health activities, a platform for interaction with peer‑groups, villagers, community leaders, and health‑care providers. The aim of the study is to follow‑up the quantitative data regarding the effectiveness of KP in enhancing life skill education among adolescent girls who are members of KP compared to Non‑KP girls. The aim is to study the knowledge and perceptions regarding life skills among adolescent girls (12–18 years) of KP and non‑KP and (2) to identify features of KP and related contextual factors that contributed to the outcome. The qualitative study was carried out among 100 KP girls and non‑KP girls, respectively (12–18 years), under 20 villages of rural Wardha district over 1‑year period after obtaining consent in writing from participants and Institutional Ethics Committee. Focus group discussion was conducted in each village. Key informant interviews of social workers of KPs and school teachers conducted until data saturation. Findings suggest that KP girls had more knowledge and perception regarding life skills and their application compared to non‑KP girls. Life skill education program by KP was found to be received positively by adolescent girls. Institutionalization of this can help in building a sustainable model for empowerment of adolescent girls.

1 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

006227   BHUNIA P, MAHATO M K, CHAKRABORTY P, BASU I, DE M (Botany Dep, Gurudas Coll, Kolkata- 700 054, Email: mituaswb@gmail.com) : Teacher education and inclusive education: An overview. Harvest 2019, 4(2), 26-34.

The right to education is universal and expands to all children, youth and adults with or without disabilities. When a disabled child does get the opportunity to receive a quality education, doors are opened. Education enables them to secure other rights throughout their lifetime, fostering better access to jobs, health and other services. Education enables the individual to have a valued role in the community. The presence of learners with disabilities and special educational needs in regular education presents enormous pedagogical challenges for education systems around the world. 21st century education systems have a clear need for teachers who are sufficiently competent and motivated to know how to include children with disabilities (and those from other marginalized groups) in all classrooms. In order to develop the skills, experience and confidence to be inclusive of all children, teachers need to learn about and practice inclusive education. Teachers must be competent enough to recognize different educational needs of the disabled students and use appropriate teaching strategy. Teacher education has a crucial role to play in ensuring that classroom teachers are prepared for the challenges of educating all students with disabilities. The challenge becomes acute with students with invisible disabilities. This paper discusses the need of trained teachers to make inclusive education a reality and the role of teacher education.

30 ref

006229   IVANOVA S, IVANOV K (Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dep, Medical Univ of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria) : Undeclared furosemide in food supplements. Biomed Res 2019, 30(5), 733-7.

Recent studies claim that dietary supplements could contain pharmaco-active ingredients or undeclared drug substances with a potential health risk. Most often these products are contaminated with anabolic steroids, ephedrine, sibutramine, diuretics and others. The intake of a contaminated dietary supplement could lead to serious health consequences (the pharmacological effect of the substances, side effects, drug interactions and many others) or other negative consequences like failure of a doping test (for professional athletes). We have performed HPLC screening for furosemide. Measurements were performed at 228nm at a flow rate 0,8 ml/min. The mobile phase was composed of methanol and water in a ratio 80: 20 (v/v). The pH of the mobile phase was 3,3 adjusted with Phosphorous acid. Chromatographic column - Microsorb-MV 100-5 C18 150 × 4.6 mm. We have analysed 30 food supplements in the category”prostate health”. We have found undeclared furosemide in 10 % of the samples.

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004941   GHOSH S, SINHA S, SHIVAKUMAR N, THOMAS T, SACHDEV H S, KURPAD A V (Physiology Dep, St. John’s National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore- 560 034, Email: a.kurpad@sjri.res.in) : Daily iron requirements in healthy Indian children and adolescents. Indian Pediatr 2019, 56(7), 551-5.

This study aimed to define the estimated average requirement and the recommended dietary allowance of iron for Indian children and adolescents. The Estimated average requirement was derived for children aged 1-17y, from the mean bioavailability-adjusted daily physiological iron requirement, which in turn was estimated using a factorial method. This consisted of mean daily iron losses from the body and additional iron required for tissue growth and storage, while also defining the variance of each factor to derive the Recommended dietary allowance. The estimated average requirement of iron for children ranged from 5.6 to 11.0 mg/d in children aged 1-9y. For adolescents aged 10-17y, these ranged from 10.8 to 18.4 mg/d and 15.4 to 18.5 mg/d for adolescent boys and girls, respectively. New estimates of estimated average requirement for iron in Indian children are presented, and same may be used to inform iron supplementation and food fortification policies.

1 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref

004945   RAHIMAN S, EL-METWALLY T H, SHRIVASTAVA D, TANTRY M N, TANTRY B A (Life and Basic Sciences Dep, Jaipur National Univ, Jaipur- 302 017, Rajasthan, Email: rahimhi@gmail.com) : Oleuropein and oleic acid: A novel emerging dietary target for human chronic diseases. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2019, 56(4), 263-8.

The human chronic metabolic disease is predominantly associated with the disturbance in the lipid, proteins and nucleic acid biological balance due to the attack of free radicals generated from oxidative stress. Currently, the available synthetic antioxidants are synthesized by food industries are very effective and inexpensive but as chronic use, it exhibits many toxicological health effects like synthetic drugs. Hence, plant origin antioxidants gained increasing attention all over the world. In this regards, Olive tree (Olea europaea L.) belongs to Oleaceae family and its by-products such as olive leaves and olive oil are highly focused by many researcher due to its potential therapeutic effects in a reversal of various chronic diseases without any side effects. Oleuropein and Oleic acid are the major components in the olive by products and attributes olive as a holly natural remedy and also olive oil considered as a potential food ingredient in the Mediterranean diet. The fat content in olive fruits is higher than olive leaves. Whereas, the protein ratio is higher in olive leaves and more abundance of Oleuropein, which contributes major health benefits as compared to olive oil. Oleic acid with high MUFA ratio contributes to the major health benefits of olive oil to several human chronic diseases.

4 tables, 53 ref