022022   Fan Q (College of Architecture, North China of Univ of Water Resource and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 460046, P.R. China, Email: fanqindong2020@163.com) : Efficient process for antibiotic wastewater treatment. Asian J Chem 2015, 27(9), 3216-18.

Pollution of the water environment in today's world has become a global issue and a shortage of water resources, more and more people pay attention to pollutants, antibiotics to treat industrial wastewater embarrassed wastewater discharged into the aquatic environment and human health caused by the ecological balance would hazards and antibiotic wastewater biodegradable poor governance more difficult. This article reported the formation of the by nano-copper oxide catalyst sheet to target antibiotic wastewater reactants, catalyst dose and studied the effect of the initial concentration of the antibiotic wastewater, hydrogen peroxide dose, pH, temperature and other factors that affect the performance degradation of antibiotic wastewater.

4 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

022021   Dunenova A A;Oryngozhin E S (Institute of Geology and Oil Gas Business After K. Turysova, Kazakh National Technical Univ, After Name of K.I. Satpayev, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Email: dunenova_a@mail.ru) : Chemical reagents for increasing the water flooding efficiency in oil reservoirs. Int J chem Sci 2015, 13(4), 1666-72.

In order to improve the water flooding efficiency in oil reservoirs, water viscosity is increased by the addition of polymers in it. Polymers represent class of substances with specific properties due to the presence of giant chain structure molecules. During oil displacement, polymeric reagents increases the sweep efficiency by decreasing the mobility ratio of water to oil. The article examines the effectiveness of polymers and polymer flooding.

3 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

022020   Chang H H;Liu L F;Li X;Li Y W;Wei W L (College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan Univ of Technology, Shanxi Taiyuan, 030 024, China, Email: weiwenlong@tyut.edu.cn ) : Effects of dispersants on preparing coal pitch water slurry. Indian J chem Technol 2015, 22(6), 344-50.

The coal pitch water slurry(CPWS) has been prepared with solutions of dispersants and medium temperature coal tar pitch powder corresponded with "bipeak trifurcated distribution" made by cryogenic grinding technology. The influences of HDBAC and Octadearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride on slurry ability, rheological behavior and stability of the CPWS have been investigated. Moreover, wetting, adsorption and the Zeta potential of aqueous solutions of dispersants on coal tar pitch's surface have also been discussed. The results show that HDBAC and STAC are both suitable to prepare the CPWS, and HDBAC is the better one. Apparent viscosity of the CPWS increases with the growing of slurry concentration when surfactant dosage remain unchanged, and the slurry concentration of CPWS prepared by HDBAC and STAC can reach 70% at most. The apparent viscosity declines when shear rate grows, so apparently, the CPWS is a pseudo plastic liquid and has a better rheological behavior. The stability becomes weaker with the passage of time. The adsorption of dispersants and Zeta potential on coal tar pitch increase with the growing of solution concentration. The contact angle of solution on coal tar pitch surface declines when dispersants added, which is helpful to build a stable diverse system.

6 illus, 3 tables, 18 ref

022019   Bansude S N;Chunale G L;Shinde A A;Pravendra Kumar (Soil and Water Conservation Engineering Dep, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krushi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra, Email: bansude.sushilkumar@gmail.com) : Comparison between two different conceptual mathematical models in prediction of direct runoff hydrographs from a small watershed. Int J agric Engng 2015, 8(1), 60-5.

In the present study, two mathematical models namely (i) Lag and route model and (ii) Muskingum model which are based on unit-step and transfer functions approach were developed for runoff prediction from Shenda park watershed treating the watershed as lumped, linear and time-invariant system. The hydrological data of the study watershed were collected from zonal station of National Agricultural Research Project, Shenda Park, Kolhapur (M.S.) for the years 2000 to 2008. Out of twelve single storm events, nine storm events were included in the analysis for parameters estimation and remaining three storm events were considered for prediction purposes. The model parameters, viz., lag time and (τ) and storage co-efficient (K) of Lag and route model were estimated by the methods of cumulants (Singh, 1988) and moments (Nash, 1957) whereas the model parameter storage constant (K) for Muskingum model was estimated by using method suggested by Jawed (1973). Performance evaluation of these two developed model in determining direct runoff hydrograph ordinates were evaluated using various statistical indices such as correlation co-efficient (R), special correlation co-efficient (Rs.), co-efficient of efficiency (CE) and root mean square error (RMSE). The results showed that both the developed model can be used for prediction of the direct run off hydrograph from the study watershed, however, direct runoff hydrographs obtained through Muskingun models are much closer to actual observed direct runoff hydrograph than that of Lag and route model.

2 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

022018   Ayare B L;Dhekale B S (AICRP on Water Management, C.E.S. Wakawali, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, Email: blayare@yahoo.co.in) : Multiplicative seasonal ARIMA modelling of monthly stream flows of choriti river. Int J agric Engng 2015, 8(1), 97-102.

The multiplicative seasonal ARIMA (p,d,q) x (P,D,Q)s models of different orders were tried for modelling of monthly inflow of Choriti river of Konkan region of Maharashtra, based on 20 years data. The parameters of seasonal ARIMA models were estimated by fitting ARIMA models to differenced series (d=0 and D=1) at different lags. The goodness of fit of models was tested by Box-Pierce Portmanteau lack of fit test and comparison of historical and forecasted monthly inflows. The forecasted performance of the model was evaluated by using goodness of fit tests. Lower values of root mean squared error; mean relative error and integral square error for multiplicative seasonal ARIMA (0,0,1) x (0,1,1)₁₂ model indicated closer agreement between forested and historical monthly inflow series.

4 illus, 3 tables, 23 ref

022017   Aperador W;Carrillo J;Aperador J W (School of Engineering, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogota, Colombia, Email: g.ing.materiales@gmail.com) : Corrosion of reinforcement of the self-compacting concrete obtained from rice husk ash and granulated blast furnace slag. Int J chem Sci 2015, 13(4), 1969-81.

Electrochemical evaluations of self-compacting concrete were performed using the following criteria: cost of materials and construction, durability, and good environmental behavior and therefore, substantial amounts of additives were used, such as minerals obtained from rice husk ash (RHA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS). In the first stage, it is necessary to make a design of selfcompacting concrete using the materials described above to fulfill this purpose, which will assess the effect of the incorporation of such industrial wastes in the mechanical properties and durability against corrosive phenomena such as the inclusion of carbon dioxide and chloride ion in concrete. Using techniques Corrosion potential and linear polarization resistance were evaluated additionally corrosion products by Mossbauer spectroscopy technique. It was found that the addition of silica mixture derived from the burning of rice husk ash has a protective effect against corrosion phenomena, when incorporated up to 15% in the steel slag.

6 illus, 1 table, 24 ref

022016   Ajbani J C;Revankar D S;Revanasiddapa M;Swamy V;Shankar S (Engineering Chemistry Dep, PESIT, Bangalore South Campus, Bangalore, Email: revum75@gmail.com) : Microwave synthesis, spectroscopic, thermal and biological studies of some transition metal complexes containing heterocyclic ligand. Int J chem Sci 2015, 13(4), 1673-92.

The microwave (MW) assisted synthesis of coordination metal complexes is most important technique, because of reducing chemical waste and reaction times in various chemical transformations. In the present study, some new Schiff base metal complexes of ZrO(II), VO(II), Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) derived from o-vanillin with 6-(trifluoro methoxy) benzothiozole-2-amine have been synthesised by using microwave radiation. Obtained coordination metal complexes were characterized with the help of several physical methods such as elemental analysis, FT-IR, molar conductance, electronic spectra, ¹H-NMR, ESR, magnetic susceptibility, thermal, electrical conductivity and XRD analysis. All these data reveals the coordination number were 4, 5 and 6. Elemental analysis indicates that the complexes are of the type 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 (M: L). The ¹H-NMR spectral data attribute that the phenolic protons have been displaced during the complexation. The thermo gravimetric analysis shows that the presence of water molecule in the coordination metal complexes, which confirmed the loss of water molecule in the first step; followed by decomposition of ligand in the subsequent step. The ligand and coordination metal complexes were also tested against the Gram-positive bacteria; E-coli, Salmonella and Klebshilla, Gram-negative bacteria; S.aurioes and Streptococci.

1 illus, 8 tables, 57 ref

020979   Vinoth Kumar M;Balasubramanian V;Gourav Rao A (Manufacturing Engineering Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu-608 002, Email: vinothmecho@gmail.com) : Hot tensile properties of filler added constant current gas tungsten arc welded AISI 304HCu super austenitic stainless steel joints. Indian Weld J 2015, 48(4), 61-7.

AISI 304HCu austenitic stainless steel containing 2.3 to 3 (% wt) of Cu is mainly used in superheaters and reheater of ultra super critical (USC) boilers which operates over 600° of steam temperature. Austenitic stainless steels welded by gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) alters the phase composition, and microstructure of the steel in the fusion zone of welds and may affect the mechanical properties. In our previous investigation, it is found that autogenous welding of AISI 304HCu tubes resulted in segregation of alloying elements in the weld metal and resulted in joints with inferior tensile strength. Hence, in this study the high temperature tensile properties of filler added GTA welded AISI 304HCu tube joints were evaluated and correlated with the microstructural features. The tensile strength of the filler added GTA weld joirtts was higher than the parent metal at all test temperatures and the weld joint with filler addition was recommended for application in USC boilers.

6 illus, 14 ref

020978   Vinoth Kumar M;Balasubramanian V (Centre for Materials Joining & Research (CEMAJOR), Manufacturing Engineering, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai Nagar-608 002) : Optimizing the friction welding parameters to mazimize tensile strength of SUS 304HCu austenitic stainless steel tube joints. Indian Weld J 2015, 48(1), 41-9.

The SUS 304HCu austenitic stainless steel is used in superheater / reheater of ultra super critical boilers for their high temperature oxidation and corrosion resistance. Cu addition to steels can have adverse effects on the mechanical properties during fusion welding as it can form low temperature eutectic phases that preferentially segregate to the grain boundaries and embrittle the alloy. Friction welding is a solid state welding process where the bonding takes place well below the melting temperature of the alloy, combined with the autogenous nature of this welding process minimizes the adverse effects of low temperature eutectics segregation. Hence, in this investigation an attempt has been made to develop an empirical relationship to predict the tensile strength of the friction welded SUS 304HCu tubes of 57.1 mm outer diameter and 3.5 mm thick using statistical tools such as design of experiments, analysis of variance and regression analysis. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the process variables and maximum joint efficiency of 99% was achieved using the optimized friction welding variables.

5 illus, 7 tables, 15 ref

020977   Udhayabharathi K;Baskar P;Mohhammed Shafee S; Sathish Babu R (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Hindustan Univ, Padur-603 103, Email: udhay.mech@gmail.com) : Performance analysis of Wick type solar stills. Int J chem Sci 2015, 13(3), 1109-22.

In this paper an attempt has been made to study and analyse various designs of wick type solar stills used in domestic, commercial and industrial applications. Under various Indian climatic conditions, the floating wick type solar stills can produce higher output of 6.25 Litres per square metre of absorber plate area during the month of June. It is also observed that the productivity of the wick type solar stills can be improved to around 53% by integrating the solar stills with fins by enhancing the heat transfer coefficients. The daily yield of the distilled water can be increased by around 14% to 34% by using various inclination angles and reflectors in the solar stills. The average annual values of convective heat transfer coefficient for the passive and hybrid active solar stills were observed as 0.78 and 2.41 W/m²K.

^iia10 illus, 28 ref

020976   Thaker R;Patel J (NO, , ) : Applcation of nanufluids in solar energy. J Alternate Energy Sour Technol 2015, 6(2), 1-11.

Nanofluids are skillfully prepared colloidal suspensions of nanoparticles (which is of size 1-100 nm) in a base fluid; is a relatively new field, which is not more than two decades old. The main idea of this paper is to know about the applications of nanofluids in solar thermal engineering system. The shortage of conventional sources and environmental problems motivated the researchers to use non-conventional energy sources such as solar energy and others. Thus it is essential to improve the efficiency and performance of the solar systems. It is found that nanofluids have higher thermal conductivity which is temperature-dependent at very low particle concentrations than the respective conventional fluids. This can be observed as one of the very important parameters to upgrade the performances of many applications of nanofluids. Challenges of nanofluids are also considered in this paper. Some potential future works are also proposed to use the nanofluids in different solar thermal systems.

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020975   Telesheva A B;Turdalyev A T;Dyja H;Chumakov Y V;Uderbayeva A E;Tussupkaliyeva E A (Institute of Industrial Engineering, Kazakh National Technical Univ named after K.I. Satpayev, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Email: taleshevaassel@gmail.com ) : Quality control of sections in the process of their extrusion. Int J chem Sci 2015, 13(2), 1076-84.

Aluminum alloys can compete with conventional aluminum casting alloys, as well as with other materials, for cost-critical applications. Aluminum alloys, based on the Al-Mg-Si (6XXX) system, are being used in widespread applications such as automotive, marine, and aerospace industries due to their low density and appropriate mechanical properties. A16063 is a high performance aluminum alloy with relatively desirable mechanical strength. These outstanding attributes can increase the motivation to replace ferrous metals with light weight aluminum alloys. Despite their low weight, they have inadequate strength hand hardness for this great purpose.

9 illus, 1 table, 4 ref

020974   Subramanian R;Tripathy H;Saibaba S;Bhaduri A K (NO, Metallurgy & Maerials Group Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, 603 102) : Dilatometric study of phase transformation and thermal expansion in T91 steel. Indian Weld J 2015, 48(3), 31.

A comprehensive characterization of the kinetic aspects of diffusional a'-martensite → a- ferrite+carbides → γ-austenite phase transformation that occurs during heating and that of γ→a'-martensite displacive phase transformation, which occurs upon continuous cooling has been performed using high resolution dilatometry, under varying thermal history. The results of dilatometry are analysed in terms of an appropriate thermo-kinetic framework to obtain useful information about transformation temperatures, their dependence on thermal history, and apparent activation energies involved in effecting phase changes. In addition, the results of temperature variation of dilatational strain (ΔI_T/I₀) measured under slow heating scans, are used to obtain reliable estimates of thermal expansion in the temperature range, 300-1000 °.

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020973   Srinivasan G;Dey H C;Bhaduri A K;Albert S K; Jayakumar T (NO, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603 102, Email: bhaduri@igcar.gov.in) : Choice of welding consumable and procedure qualification for welding of 304HCu austenitic stainless steekl boiler tubes for Indian advanced ultra super critical power plant. Indian Weld J 2015, 48(3), 30.

India has embarked on a mission program for setting-up a coal-fired 800 MWe Advanced Ultra Super Critical (AUSC) power plant with steam parameters of 710°C/ 720° temperature 310 kg/cm² pressure. For the boiler tubes in the final stages of the superheater and reheater, the material chosen is 304HCu stainless steel (SS), a 18Cr-9Ni-3Cu-Nb-N austenitic SS (UNS S30432) as ASME code case 2328 and VdTUV 510 specifications. The 304HCu SS is a variant of the conventional 18Cr-8Ni austenitic SS, containing <126>3% copper, increased carbon and controlled amounts of niobium and nitrogen, for enhanced elevated temperature strength, especially creep, India-specific version of 304HCu SS boiler tubes, of 52 mm diameter with 9.5 mm wall thickness, produced in collaboration with Indian manufacturers has been used for welding procedure qualification trials. The objective of the present study is to choose the appropriate gas tungsten arc (GTA) welding consumable, from among ER304HCu (matching chemistry) and ERNiCrMo-3 and ERNiCrCoMo-1 (both nickel-base) filler wires, for welding of 304HCu SS. This involved qualifying the welding consumables, development of welding procedures for 304HCu SS tubes, and producing weld coupons for evaluation of mechanical properties and microstructural characterisation. Mock-up tube weld joints, with single-V groove joint geometry, were prepared using all the three filler wires to optimize the welding parameters. Weld defects like root crack; hot crack and crater cracks were observed during the initial trials in weld joints made with the nickel-base filler metals due to the poor fluidity of the weld metal. These problems were overcome by suitably altering the weld joint design and optimisation of heat input. Subsequently, the weld joints were qualified, in the as-welded condition, by liquid penetrant and radiography examinations followed by tensile tests and bend tests as per ASME section IX requirements for preparing the Welding Procedure Qualification records. Based on detailed evaluation of mechanical properties, including creep, ER304HCu filler metal was chosen for welding of ER304HCu SS.

020972   Soni A;Mundada P;Brighu U (Civil Engg Dep, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur-302 017) : Comparative study on treatment of simulated and actual dye wastewater by coagulation process. J Indian Wat Wks Ass 2015, 47(4), 543-9.

Textile industries are known to discharge effluents containing highly toxic compounds and have have high COD. Chemical treatment of dye wastewater with a coagulating/floccculating agent is one of the robust ways to remove colour and COD. In this study, the coagulant dose was optimized for simulated as well as actual wastewater. For this, jar test was carried out using four different coagulants: Aluminium Sulphate, Ferric Chloride, Magnesium Chloride and Poly Aluminium Chloride. PAC was observed to give good colour and COD removal as compared to other three coagulants, in both the types of wastewater mentioned.

8 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

020971   Singh G;Goel A;Choudhary M (Civil Engineering Dep, Nit, Kurukshetra, Email: ganpatsingh78@gmail.com) : Inventory of methods and models for domestic water demand forecasting. J Indian Wat Resour Soc 2015, 35(3), 34-45.

Reliable water demand forecasting is one of the key issues in the design, planning, operation and management of water supply schemes in any city. Water demand forecasting and its management are dependent on many parameters such as temperature, rainfall, population, industrial and commercial conditions. Further, socio-economic and climatic factors are also important considerations for reliable water demand forecasting. This paper presents a literature view of the water demand forecasting methods and models, which are important for proper planning and implementation of the urban water demand management schemes appearing from the year 1970 to the year 2013. Outcome of this paper suggests that the choice of particular method or model depends on the forecasting period, its periodicity, available data and forecast variables. The paper concludes that the Artificial Neural Network along with dynamic and hybrid model performs better for short-term to medium-term forecasting, while econometric Models, end-use method, coupled with simulation or scenario-based forecasting may be used for the long-term water demand forecasting for an urban city.

^iia3 tables, 52 ref

020970   Sharma N P (Engineering Science and Humanities Dep, Pulchowk Campus, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan Univ, Kathmandu, Nepal, Email: sharmaniranjanprasad@hotmail.com) : Validation of satellite ultraviolet radiation data with ground based data in the Eastern site of Nepal. Int J Geomatics Geosci 2015, 5(4), 614-21.

The main objective of this study is to validate the satellite estimated ultraviolet (UV) data with ground based data in Biratnagar (26.45° N, 87.27° E) which falls in the eastern part of Nepal and is located at an elevation of 72m from the sea level. The ground based (GB) measurements and the satellite estimation were performed by NILU-UV irradiance meter and EOS Aura OMI satellite respectively. The NILU-UV irradiance meter is a six channel radiometer designed to measure hemispherical irradiances on a flat surface. Meanwhile the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on board, the NASA EOS Aura space craft is a nadir viewing spectrometer that measures solar reflected and back scattered light in ultraviolet and visible spectrum. The study was performed for the year 2011. Considering the data obtained from OMI and GB the relative differences between predicted OMI and ground based UVI assuming normal distribution ±1σ was found to 1.6±13.65 in May and 0.19±4.73 in November. Further study showed that the ratio of predicted OMI UVI to that determined from ground based measurement is about 1.0. The UVI ratio in summer season was also found to 1.0.

5 illus, 10 ref

020969   Sharma N K;Maru J;Khan M R (Electronics & Communication Dep, Dr. C.V. Raman Institute of Science & Technology, Bilaspur, C.G, Email: sharma786.nitesh@gmail.com) : VLSI implementation of an approximate multiplier using ancient vedic mathematics concept. J pure appl ind Phys 2016, 6(1), 71-82.

This paper is primarily deals the construction of 16 bit high speed on Error resilient Multiplier. The motivation behind the investigation is that a multiplier is a very basic building block of Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) and would be a limiting factor in performance of Central Processing Unit (CPU). In the past, thorough examination of the algorithms with the respect to particular technology has only been partially done. The merit of the new technology is to be evaluated by its ability to efficiently implement the computational algorithms. In the other words, the technology is developed with the aim to efficiently serve the computation. The reverse path; evaluating the merit of the algorithms should also be taken. Therefore, it is important to develop computational structures that fit well into the execution model of the processor are optimized and for the current technology. In such a case, optimization of the algorithms is performed globally across the critical path of its implementation. In this research article, we will present fast 16 bit multiplier with some approximation technique which is used in arithmetic application. For application analysis I am using Sable Edge Detection, where i am using my proposed multiplier. Using this application i will prove that proposed multiplier having very less error which is accepted by human eye. This paper is design on Xilinx-14.1 and simulated on Modalism. Application analysis will be done on Mat lab for the application of Sable Edge Detection. Image quality analysis will be done by PSNR, SSIM.

26 ref

020968   Sharma A K;Shrivastava A K;Pandey A (NO, Dr. C.V. Raman Univ Kota, Bilaspur, Email: drakshrivastava01@gmail.com) : Brief outcome of historical review of microwave propogation under adverse atmospheric influence. J pure appl ind Phys 2016, 6(1), 7-18.

In this research paper it has been illustrated historical review of microwave propogation under adverse atmospheric influence. Now a day's our country facing utterly communication as well as propagation difficult in especially hill area, dense forest etc. An attempt has been carried out to solve such type of problem viz attenuation loss, dielectric constant and other parameters which strengthen our communication our limitation in Chhattisgarh state. Due to different climatic conditions in various climatic zones in India how characteristics of microwave propagation be changed. Particular emphasis has been laid to the study of significant variation in the attenuation for adverse weather condition under different climatic zones. In India there are various geographic situations, different weather conditions, different variety of soils etc. have been taken into account for the complete analysis of propagation characteristics of microwave under adverse atmospheric condition. Further it has been mentioned about the study of microwave propagation in subtropical India, and our main limitation is Chhattisgarh state. Chhattisgarh is located in the central part of India, between the latitudes of 17° 46'N - 24° 5' N and the longitudes of 80° 15' E - 84° 20' E. Its proximate position with the Tropic of Cancer has a major influence on its climate. It is landlocked by the states of Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh on the west, Uttar Pradesh on the north, Jharkhand on the -north-east, Orissa on the east, and Andhra Pradesh on the south. Climate of Chhattisgarh is tropical. Chhattisgarh comes under the hot Torrid Zone and probably that's why the state observes tropical type of climate. Though weather varies from region to region, it's warm in most of the places. Like any other part of India, Chhattisgarh enjoys three seasons, summers, winters, and monsoons. During summers (April-June), the temperature sometimes goes up to 45°C (max). Late in the month of June, Monsoons (July-September) arrive in the state as a respite from the scorching heat. Chhattisgarh receives pretty decent amount of rainfall with an average of 1292mm. The elevated regions in the north and south observe moderate climate round the year. In October, cool breeze envelops the entire state as if heralding the arrival of winters. The winter season (November-February) doesn't necessarily mean wearing loads of woolens in Chhattisgarh. At this time, the temperature even drops down to 10°C. Light woolens are usually enough to deal with winters in the state, however, heavy woolens are required in hilly areas. Otherwise, light cotton clothing is best for most of the time. The northern and southern regions of the state are hilly, whereas the central region is a fertile plain. About 40% of the state's area is covered by forests. Dense forest affects the propagation such as amarkantak region dense forest, Achanakmar, Baster district, Gariyaband.

73 ref

020967   Savyasachi N;Chandrasekar N;Albert S K; Surendranathan A O (NO, Weldcraft Private Limited, Yeswanthpur, Bangalore-560 022, Email: shaju@igcar.gov.in) : Evaluation of Arc welding process using digital storage oscilloscope and high speed camera. Indian Weld J 2015, 48(4), 35-43.

Digital Storage Oscilloscope (DSO) and a high speed camera with laser light illumination are used to monitor manual metal arc (MMA) welding process. Welding was carried out using different type of welding power sources and electrodes. Dynamic variation in current and voltage was recorded using a DSO with very high sampling of four Giga samples/s. Arc welding process was imaged using high speed camera simultaneously. Data obtained from DSO were subjected to time domain and statistical analysis. Probability density distribution (PDD) analysis of the voltage and current signals were carried out. The results showed that a proper filtering should be applied for the raw data collected using DSO to generate useful information. It was possible to correlate various physical processes that occur during welding with corresponding variations in voltage and current. High speed images from the camera enabled to view the physical processes that occur during arc welding and hence helped to obtain this one to one correlation. Statistical analysis showed that PDD generated from the acquired data is unique to a welding power source or a consumable or a welder. Hence PDDs can be used to evaluate performance of power sources or consumables. Accordingly, separate PDDs for a inverter and a generator power source were produced. By combining both imaging and DSO signals it was also possible to show different modes of metal transfer in arc welding process. Thus the feasibility of monitoring arc welding process using DSO and high speed camera has been demonstrated successfully.

7 illus, 7 ref

020966   Sathish Kumar P;Gopal P;Aravind S (Automobile Engineering Dep, BIT Campus, Anna Univ, Tiruchirappalli-620 024, Email: gopalpp@gmail.com) : Performance analysis of diesel engine with diesel, ethanol & vegetable oil blends. Int J chem Sci 2015, 13(2), 576-84.

The phase stability of diesel, ethanol and vegetable oil blends at different component concentrations, as well as the effect of using the blends of various proportions on an internal combustion engine performance has been experimentally investigated. The engine was operated with a diesel ethanol blends from 800 to 1600 rpm for each run. The experimental results of the phase stability revealed that the diesel, ethanol and vegetable oil blends. The experiment was carried out with various blending ratios of diesel, ethanol and vegetable oil blends. The various ethanol concentrations on diesel are 10% and 5% with a vegetable oil of 5% and 10%. The experiment was done with various compression ratios of about 17:1 and 18:1. Where, it attains a higher performance in the compression ratio of 18:1. The performance increases with an increase in load. The experimental results of the engine performance indicated that the equivalence air-fuel ratio and the brake specific fuel consumption for the fuel blends are higher than that of diesel fuel and it increases with the increase of the ethanol and vegetable oil concentration in the blends. In conclusion, among different fuel blends, the blends containing 5% and 10% ethanol concentration are the most suited for Cl engines due to its acceptable engine performance and to the fuels solubility.

5 illus, 14 ref

020965   Sarkar T;Pramanick A K;Pal T K (Welding Technology Centre, Metallurgical and Material Engg. Dep., Jadavpur Univ, Kolkata-700 032, Email: tkpal.ju@gmail.com) : Some aspects on the welding characteristics and formation of microstructures in a newly developed coated electrode for Austempered Ductile Iron. Indian Weld J 2015, 48(4), 44-60.

In this study, six different coated electrodes were manufactured to select compatible one for ADI and only two electrodes were further studied (Trial 3 and Trial 4)to check their compatibility. Welding conditions were established to obtain crack free weld deposit on DI plate by varying preheat (200°, 300° and 400° for 1hour) as well as PWHT (maintaining same preheat temperature) at constant heat input using two selected electrodes. Only preheating at 300°C was possible to obtain sound weld for Trial 3, whereasboth preheat (300°C) and PWHT (300°C) were required for Trial 4. Although the as-deposited microstructures of FZ and PMZ consisting of ledeburitic carbide and alloyed pearlite in both the electrodes were same, the amount of microstructural constituents varied significantly. More ledeburitic carbide and less alloyed pearlite were observed in Trial 3 compared to Trial 4. However, microstructures of HAZ for both the electrodes showed bainitic and pearlite. Austempering heat treatment comprising of austenitization at 900°C for 2 hr and austempering at two different temperatures (300°C and 350°C) for different holding time was carried out for both the weld deposits. Interestingly, for both the weld deposits austempered microstructures show bainitic ferrite and retained austenite with graphite nodules. Increasing austempering temperature from 300° and 350° the lower bainite transformed to upper bainite and vol. % of retained austenite was also increased.

16 illus, 6 tables, 40 ref

020964   Santhosh P;Revathi D;Saravanan K (Chemical Engineering Dep, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode-638 052, Email: psantoshsciencetechnology@gmail.com) : Treatment of sullage wastewater by electrocoagulation using stainless steel electrodes. Int J chem Sci 2015, 13(3), 1173-86.

The study was made for the treatment of sullage wastewater using electrocoagulation technique with stainless steel electrode as sacrificial anode in bipolar connection system. The effects of operating parameters such as pH, voltage and electrolysis time on the removal of COD, BOD and SS were investigated. The optimum value for each operating parameter was experimentally determined. The optimum values of voltage, initial pH and electrolysis time were found to be 8V, 6.8 and 30 mins, respectively. The experiments revealed that COD, BOD and SS in aqueous phase were effectively removed. The analysis of the treated water showed that the maximum COD, BOD and SS removal efficiencies were 92.71%, 88.76% and 93.1%, respectively at optimum conditions. The wastewater was very clear and its quality meets the discharge standard. Consequently, the electrocoagulation process can be considered as a reliable, safe and cost effective method for the treatment of sullage wastewater.

11 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref

020963   Saha N;Pal T K (Welding Technology Centre, Metallurgical and Material Engineering Dep, Jadavpur Univ, Kolkata-700 032, Email: tkpal.ju@gmail.com) : Effect of buffer layer on interface bond strength and abrasive wear of hard faced cast iron. Indian Weld J 2015, 48(1), 29-40.

The effect of five different buffer layers followed by a hardfacing electrode deposited on gray cast iron plate (ASTM grade 2500) upon performance of interface between substrate cast iron and deposited layers as well as abrasive wear behaviour of hardfaced deposits were studied. The results show that high nickel buffer electrode attributed best performance of interface bond in terms of shear strength and relatively lower nickel buffer electrode attributed best abrasive wear properties. The shear strength at the interfaces and wear properties has been correlated with microstructure and micro-mechanism of fracture in shear strain and micro-mechanism of metal removal in abrasive wear.

10 illus, 6 tables, 26 rewf

020962   Roy J;Majumder A;Rai R N;Saha S C (Mechanical Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology, Agartala, Email: deeproymech@gmail.com) : Influence of heat input on the shape factors and HAZ width during submerged arc welding. Indian Weld J 2015, 48(1), 51-5.

Welding process variables play a significant role in determining the quality of a weld joint. The joint quality can be defined in terms of properties such as weld- bead geometry, mechanical properties and distortion. In this paper, an experimental study was conducted to investigate the influence of welding parameters in submerged arc welding (SAW) process particularly welding current (I) and traverse speed (T_s) on weld shape factors and heat affected zone (HAZ). These responses have different meaning in joint properties. Penetration shape factor (PSF) defines the deposition and distortion of weldment whereas reinforcement form factor (RFF) means the excess of the deposited material. Width of HAZ indirectly defines the mechanical properties of the weld. It was found that an increase in current PSF has a significant effect and RFF has a little effect. And traverse speed shows a mixed trend over PSF and little change in RFF. Welding current and traverse speed have a positive effect on HAZ.

8 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

020961   Riadh R R;Alam M R;Rahman M S;Amin M B;Islam M M (NO, , ) : Design and prototype implementation of a miniature concentrated solar thermal (CST) power plant with single-axis tracking solar thermal (CST) power plant with single-axis tracking system: an alternative energy supply for Bangladesh. J Alternate Energy Sour Technol 2015, 6(2), 40-9.

The article describes about an alternative method of power supply for developing countries like Bangladesh. Concentrated Solar Thermal (CST) power plant is that alternative method, where Sun is the source of fuel, and the thermal energy of the Sun is harnessed to produce electricity. We have analyzed all the technologies which are being used in the CST power plant worldwide currently, and based on that research we have decided Solar Tower technology is most suitable for our country. Solar tower technology uses thousands of mirrors to track the Sun all day long to reflect the Sun rays on a central tower receiver to raise the temperature of heat storing fluid. In this research, a prototype of solar tower CST power plant has been designed. It has been known to all that the Sun moves from East to West in the day time, so a single-axis tracking system is also necessary to extract as much power as possible from the Sun. Based on the world analysis of CST projects and the output of this research model it can be said that CST power plant can be constructed in Bangladesh to meet the huge energy demand and reach the goal of green energy.

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020960   Rekha H B;Murthy U N (Civil Engineering Dep, Univ Visvesvaraya College of Engineering, Bangalore Univ, Bangalore-560 056, Email: rekhahb@gmail.com) : Decolorization of reactive dye by electrochemical oxidation using graphite electrode. J Indian Wat Wks Ass 2015, 47(4), 517-24.

The pollution caused by dyestuff residues and discharge during dyeing and finishing processes in the textile industry has been a serious environmental problem for the years. The dyes undergo various physicochemical changes and also utilized oxygen from the stream. The wastewaters, containing especially azo dyes, are toxic and mutagenic to microbes and fish species. Hence it is necessary to treat textile effluents before their discharge. Electrochemical oxidation is promising technology because of its versatility, energy efficiency, automation and cost effectiveness. The aim of this work was to test the feasibility of electrochemical method for the degradation of reactive dye using graphite anode. The study reveals that at electrolysis duration of 30 min with a pH 5 a maximum color removal of 95.47% can be achieved at an operating current of 0.44A. Due to its effectiveness and ease in operation electrochemical oxidation using graphite anode can be used for the removal of color in textile wastewater treatments.

12 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

020959   Rajakumar C;Meenambal T (Civil Engineering Dep, Governmenta College of Technology, Coimbatore-641 013) : Characterization and effective utilization of flyash in road application. Indian J envir Prot 2015, 35(5), 367-74.

Roads on black cotton soil often fail due to swelling and shrinking of such soil which makes stabilization mandatory as flyash is available at very lower cost it can be used for stabilization of expansive soils for various uses. Geosynthetics are a class of geomaterials that are used to improve soil conditions for a number of applications. This present research aims to utilize the flyash alongwith geosynthetics in road application. Index, engineering, chemical properties of virgin soil has been studied in addition, chemical analysis is done for soil and flyash mixture. Flyash is added to the soil with 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% by weight of soil. The soil falls under Clay of Intermediate Compressibility (CD category, it has 50% free swell index. The CBR of soil is 13.6% and it reduces to 2.66% when soaked. Shear strength of soil is 42.06 kpa at its optimum moisture content of 15% with maximum dry density of 1.658 g/cc. This study indicates that plasticity index, free swell index, pH and cation exchange capacity are decreasing with the addition of flyash and total soluble solids, calcium carbonate content are increasing with the addition of flyash. To ascertain the soil composition, XRD analysis has been done.

12 illus, 10 tables, 11 ref

020958   Prabhansu;Dey S;Karmakar M K;Chandra P; Chatterjee P K (Mechanical Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology, Patna-800 005, Email: pradipcmeri@gmail.com) : Various drag models in fludized bed for abatement of environmental pollution. Int J envir Sci 2015, 5(5), 1011-21.

The need for cleaner and ecologically balanced energy has increased over the past few decades. A new and advanced technology in the form of fluidized bed has given a better solution to solve the energy needs of the people. The gasification and combustion process through fluidized beds are complex and very difficult to understand. In order to understand the hydrodynamics, exhaust and in-situ phenomena in these fluidized beds, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are being carried out with the help of drag models. These drag models describe the momentum transfer between different phases, namely solid or particle phase and fluid phase. The present work is a review of nine different drag models, namely Syamlal O'Brien model, Representative Unit Cell (RUC) model, Hill Koch Ladd (HKL) model, macroscopic model, space-averaged model, Ergun/Wen-Yu model, Richardson-Zaki model, energy minimization multi-scale (EMMS) model and Gidaspow model based on imitation of actual experimental results, under varying operating conditions.

5 illus, 21 ref

020957   Prabakaran B (Automobile Engineering Dep, Hindustan Institute of Technology, Padur, Chennai, Email: b7prabakaran@gmail.com) : Investigation of effects of addition of zinc oxide nano particles to diesel ethanol blends on DI diesel engine performance, combustion and emission characteristics. Int J chem Sci 2015, 13(3), 1187-96.

World at present is in a crisis of faster depletion of fossil fuel. Ethanol is a renewable fuel. The objective of this paper is to analyze the effects of addition of zinc oxide nano particles with ethanol-diesel blends in a diesel engine performance, combustion and emission characteristics of blends B1 (with 100 ppm ZnO nano particles in 20% ethanol and 80% diesel), B2 (with 200 ppm ZnO nano particles in 20% ethanol and 80% diesel), B3 (with 300 ppm ZnO nano particles in 20% ethanol and 80% diesel), B4 (with 400 ppm ZnO nano particles in 20% ethanol and 80% diesel) and B5 (with 500 ppm ZnO nano particles in 20% ethanol and 80% diesel) were analyzed and compared with that of E20 (20% ethanol and 80% diesel). There was an increase of heat release in all the blends in comparison with that of E20. There was an increase of peak pressure for the blends in comparison with that of E20. Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) of the blends was higher than that of E20. CO and HC emissions were also comparatively lower than E20. There was a slight increase of NOx emission for the blends at full load in comparison with that of E20. At lower loads there was an increase of smoke emissions for the blends and at higher loads on par with that of E20.

8 illus, 9 ref

020956   Parmankulovich P O;Omarovich M M;Abdullaevich S M;Sagyndykovna K S;Tursunbekovich A B;Ensebaevich K A (Institute of Geology and Oil Gas Business after K. Turysova, Kazakh National Technical Univ after Name of K.I. Satpayev, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Email: sarybayevmadiyar@yahoo.com) : Analysis of comparable amounts of hydraulic fracture oil reservoir and proppant pumped into them. Int J chem Sci 2015, 13(2), 903-10.

At present, hydraulic fracturing of horizontal wells has become a widely used technology in stimulating tight oil reservoirs. However, the treatment of hydraulic fractures in numerical simulation of multi-fractured horizontal wells in tight oil is excessively ideal. Effects of some fracture properties on numerical simulation of tight oil are usually not taken into consideration. Actually, fracture geometry in the reservoir is complex and fracture permeability is not a constant value. Numerical model fithout these factors may lead to a significant error in forecasting the reservoir response. Hydraulic fracturing and horizontal wells are not new tools for the oil and gas industry. The first fracturing experiment was in 1947 and the process was accepted as commercial by 1950. The first horizontal well was in the 1930's and horizontal wells were common by the late 1970's. Even shale gas, especially from the Devonian shales, is not new producing intervals.

13 ref

020955   Pandey S;Sahu P (Electronics and Communication Dep, Dr. C.V. Raman Univ, Kota, Bilaspur, Email: savita.twr05@gmail.com) : Efficient dual edge triggered sense amplifier flip-flop (DETSAFF) with current steering logic application. J pure appl ind Phys 2016, 6(1), 83-8.

This paper presents a new improved Power Efficient Dual Edge Triggered Sense Amplifier Flip-Flop (DET-SAFF) with Current steering logic incorporated in it make it more Power and delay efficient. Power dissipation in power efficient flip flop is very less as compare to normal flip flops. The Dual Edge Triggered flip-flops responses to both positive and negative edge of clock, hence this flip-flop can significantly reduce the clock related power as well as delay and hence is a power and delay efficient flip-flop. To reduce this delay and power dissipation further Current Steering (CS) mechanism is incorporated with DET-SAFF. Proposed logic is developed in CMOS. 18μm Technology and simulated with Virtuso in Cadence design environment. Experimental results shows delay and power reduction of 21% and 99% of those of previous DET-SAFF.

3 illus, 2 tables, 4 ref

020954   Narayana N;Rathedi M (Economics Dep, Univ of Botswana, Private Bag UB-00705, Gaborone, Botswana, Email: narayana@mopipi.ub.bw) : Energy and sustainable economic development with focus on forestry in Botswana. Int J Envir Dev 2015, 12(2), 103-114.

Energy plays an important role in achieving sustainable development of a country affecting positively socio-economic and environmental factors. However, energy use in order to achieve economic progress should not be at the expense of the natural environment. From an environmental point of view sustainability can be understood to mean non-declining wealth overtime, or non-declining natural wealth. Energy in Botswana is characterized by both traditional and commercial energy although fuelwood is the dominant and most accessible energy source. The paper emphasises the sources of energy and their importance while focusing on the importance of forestry in enhancing environmental sustainability.

17 ref

020953   Nali D K;Reddy K M (NO, , ) : Green house intelligent power genetation system. J Alternate Energy Sour Technol 2015, 6(2), 50-60.

Presently the world is facing an energy crisis and everyone is trying to overcome it. Electricity plays a major role in our life. It is necessary to produce greater amount of electricity. Presently in India, some of the villages and rural areas undergo shortage of power and they are facing many problems due to the insufficient resources. In urban areas people are also facing a lot of power cuts. In the present day Nuclear, Thermal, Chemical and Gas power generation plants are facing insufficient raw materials availability and these power plants produce a lot of wastage and also pollute the environment, and cause increase in global warming. This problem can be overcome by this project which produces electricity using general and natural/renewable resources thereby minimizing the cost of electricity, wastage and helps to overcome global warming. Hence, an attempt has been made to generate electrical energy using the general and renewable resources. For this purpose we introduce "Green house intelligent power generation system" to produce power through multi power generation systems such as solar power generation system, Wind mill power generation system, Hydraulic turbine power generation system and Kinetic power generation systems.

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020952   Murugasen P;Sagadevan S;Shajan D (Physics Dep, Saveetha Engineering College, Thandalam, Chennai-602 105, Email: priyam7373@gmail.com) : Preparation, techniques and tools used for investigating glasses: An overview. Int J chem Sci 2015, 13(2), 693-713.

This paper describes preparation of glasses by melt quench method and experimental techniques employed in the characterization of glasses. Characterization techniques such as X-ray Diffraction technique (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); thermal, UV analysis, microhardness and dielectric studies and fluorescence spectroscopy etc. is described in detail. In addition, thermal poling and Z-scan technique experimental methods are discussed in this paper.

12 illus, 29 ref

020951   Murugan A;Senthilvelan T;Balasubramanian V (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Pondicherry Engineering College, Puducherry-607 402) : Development of empirical relationships to predict strength of powder metallurgically produced pure aluminium and pure copper diffusion bonded bimetallic joints. Indian Weld J 2015, 48(3), 33-45.

In the present study, pure aluminium (AI) and pure copper (Cu) plates prepared by powder metallurgy (P/M) method were bonded by diffusion bonding technique. From the literature, it was identified that the predominant diffusion bonding process parameters such as bonding temperature, holding time and bonding pressure influence the shear and bonding strength of diffusion bonded joints. In this investigation an attempt was made to develop empirical relationships to predict the shear strength and bonding strength of diffusion bonded bimetallic joints of pure Cu/AI incorporating the above parameters using statistical tools such as design of experiments, analysis of variance and regression analysis. The developed empirical relationships can be used to predict the strength of Cu/AI bimetallic joints at 95% confidence level.

8 illus, 5 tables, 20 ref

020950   Mota M H;Chougule S S;Patil S (Civil Enggg Dept, Sharad Institute of Technology, College of Engg. Yadrav, Ichalkaranji, Kolhapur, Email: manojhmota@yahoo.co.in) : Comparison of the ability of crushed coconut shell and anthracite coal as capping media. J Indian Wat Wks Ass 2015, 47(4), 503-9.

Capping of the filter is the process of replacing the upper finer part of the filter (about 15cm in depth) by a media of comparatively coarser in nature but less in density as compared to conventional sand used as monomedia. It is easier method to improve the performance of conventional rapid sand filters. It is not only capable to reduce the turbidity but also increases the filter run as well as reduces the backwash requirement. The paper focuses on the performance of crushed, coconut shell and anthracite coal as a capping media. The performance was assessed by installing a pilot plant at Ichalharanji municipal water treatment plant.

2 illus, 4 tables, 7 ref

020949   Moonesun M;Mahdian A;Korol Y M;Dadkhah M; Javadi M M;Brazhko A (National Univ of Shipbuilding-Admiral Markov (NUOS), Faculty of Ship Design, Ukraine, MUT, Marine Engineering Dep, Isfahan, Iran, Email: m.moonesun@gmail.com) : Optimum L/D for submarine shape. Indian J Geomar Sci 2016, 45(1), 38-43.

This paper discusses about an optimum length on diameter (L/D) for hydrodynamic shape of submarine with parallel (cylindrical) middle body hull. L/D parameter is an important hydrodynamic parameter that plays a unique role in submarine hydrodynamic design. In addition, the amount of L/D is depended on the internal architecture and general arrangements of submarine. Submarines have two major categories for hydrodynamic shape: tear drop shape and cylindrical middle body shape. For tear drop shape, the optimum hydrodynamic L/D in several scientific references is mentioned, equal to 7. However most real and naval submarines and ROV's have cylindrical middle body shape. This paper wants to propose an optimum L/D for this type of shape by CFD method and Flow Vision software. Major parameter in hydrodynamic design is resistance. The focus of this paper is on resistance at fully submerge mode without free surface effects. For this purpose, the total volume of shape is supposed constant and only varies L/D ratio.

11 illus, 2 tables, 25 ref

020948   Moonesun M;Mahdian A;Korol Y M;Dadkhah M; Javadi M M (National Univ of Shipbuilding-Admiral Makarov (NUOS), Faculty of Ship Design, Ukraine, Email: m.moonsesun@mgil.com) : Concepts in submarine shape design. Indian J Geomar Sci 2016, 45(1), 100-4.

This paper uses CFD method for analysis of six different models of submarines. The resistance coefficients of each shape are presented and compared so that could understand the reason of submarine shape selection with tapered stern and curved bow. Focus of this paper is on the cylindrical middle body submarine such as the most of naval submarines and ROVs. Determination of diameter and length of submarine is related to the L/D ratio that is somewhat discussed here by CFD modeling. The tools of CFD modeling is Flow Vision (v.2.3) software that is known as a skilled software in CFD modeling.

5 illus, 4 tables, 25 ref

020947   Moonesum M;Korol Y M;Moosavizadegan S H; Dalayeli H;Mahdian A;Javadi M;Brazhko A (National Univ of Shipbuilding Admiral Markarov (NUOS), Faculty of Ship Design, Ukraine, Email: m.moonesun@gmail.com) : Wave making system in submarines at surface condition. Indian J Geomar Sci 2016, 45(1), 44-53.

In this paper the critical Froude numbers of the wave making system of submarines are evaluated at surface condition. Focus of this paper is on finding out the hump and hollow of the wave making diagram, and related critical Froude number. Range of maximum Froude number in submarines is extracted statistically. For the study of this phenomenon, three methods are employed; CFD method, Experimental method and Analytical formulas. CFD analysis is performed for a bare hull of a submarine by Flow Vision (V.2.3) software, which is based on the solution of RANS equations. Experiments are conducted in the towing tank of Isfahan University of Technology (IUT) on two models with appendages and different bows (Tango and DREA).

18 illus, 4 tables, 31 ref

020946   Miller R (NO, Focus Hope Industries, Inc., Detroit, Mich. US) : Undertanding the tensile strength and hardness of friction-stirred aluminum alloys. Indian Weld J 2015, 48(4), 87-91.

6 illus, 3 tables, 7 ref

020945   Miller R (NO, Focus Hope Industries, Inc., Detroit, Mich.) : Understanding the tensile strength and hardness of friction-stirred aluminum alloys. Indian Weld J 2015, 48(3), 79-83.

6 illus, 3 tables, 7 ref

020944   Mashekov S A;Nurakhmetova K K;Alshynova A M; Mashekova A S;Tukibay A A (NO, Nazakh National Technical Univ named after K. Satpayev, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Email: aigerim.mashekova@nu.edu.kz ) : Improving the processing of forgins made of titanium alloys by the uniform distribution of deformation in the blanks during the combined forging processes. Int J chem Sci 2015, 13(2), 786-800.

In order to create the rational technology of forgings and determine the optimal values of the angles of broach and the unit compression, the stress-strain state (SSS) of the blank in flat and combined strikers was investigated. The quantitative data was gained by the methods of finite elements and MSC. Super Forge software; the main regularities of SSS distribution, the temperature in the simulation of forging in flat and combined strikers with the different angles of tilting and the amount of reduction was established. Experimental-industrial technology of forging two-phase titanium alloys has been developed and tested.

10 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

020943   Mashekov S A;Absadykov B N;Sembayev N S; Aleembetov A;Mashekova A S (NO, JSC Nazarbayev Univ, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan, Email: mashekovaaigerim@mail.ru) : Cooling modes influence on quality of hot-rolled metal at transportation of sheets on the new collecting role table. Int J chem Sci 2015, 13(2), 1057-70.

The effect of cooling modes on quality of hot-rolled metal was observed heating at different temperature, the degree of deformation was observed after cooling by water-air mixture. It was observed that the microhardness of the samples decreases and the amount of structurally free ferrite increases by decreasing the cooling time and increasing the temperature.

6 illus, 10 ref

020942   Manjavkar S (Urban Water Engg & Mgmt, UNESCO-IHE, The Netherland, Email: suneetvm@gmail.com) : AMRUT mission guidelines: Review and recommendations for development of resilient water infrastructure. J Indian Wat Wks Ass 2015, 47(4), 525-32.

Article reviews AMRUT guidelines for development of Resilient Water Infrastructure for future mission cities. Document provide insight of issues, challenges, and opportunities to make mission successful. It recognizes water projects development witholistic ecosystem. It has put forth the possible prioritization and resourcing with mix of technologies needed for cities transformation. Article proposes indispensable elements to upkeep project transitions with recent learnings from Indian water sector and allied project execution practices. Theobjective of this article is to facililtate project progressfor building spirited basic services with provisionof water services for all and water for people.

4 ref

020941   Mallikarjuna P;Chandra Sekhar Reddy K;Aruna Jyothy S;Srinivasa Murthy D (Civil Engineering, S.V. Univ College of Engineering, Tirupati-517 502, Andhra Pradesh, Email: mallikarjuna_perugu@yahoo.co.in) : Performance evaluation of reference evapotranspiration estimation methods, their interrelaionships and recalibrated equations. J Indian Wat Resour Soc 2015, 35(3), 53-74.

Numerous reference evapotranspiration (ET₀) equations, based on different approaches, were developed and are being used by researchers and practitioners according to the availability of historical and current weather data. However, ET₀ estimation methods other than Penman-Monteith (PM) method recommended by FAO-56 continue to remain in practice because of simpler data requirements. The present study evaluated the applicability of Blaney Criddle (BC), Jensen-Haise (JH) and Hargreaves (HR) (temperature based), Priestley-Taylor (PT), Radiation (RA) and Makkink (MK) (radiation based) and, Pan Evaporation (PE) and Christiansen (CS) (pan evaporation based) with respect to PM method for daily, weekly and monthly ET₀ estimates at Tirupati, Nellore, Rajahmundry, Anakapalli and Rajendranagar meteorological centres of Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh. The study developed interrelationships between PM method and other ET₀ estimation methods and recalibrated the methods by adjusting the coefficients with respect to PM method. It was observed that ET₀ estimates of the methods deviated significantly from those of FAO 56 PM at the centers for daily, weekly and monthly time steps. The interrelationships showed an improved performance over original equations. The recalibrated Blaney-Criddle and Radiation methods improved their performance over interrelationships in terms of evaluation criteria irrespective of the time step at the centers.

10 illus, 5 tables, 20 ref

020940   Majumder A (NO, , School of Water Resource Engineering, Jadavpur Univ) : Public water supply: Issues & challenges. J Indian Wat Wks Ass 2015, 47(2), 388-91.

1 ref

020939   Mahajan M (NO, , ) : Review on horizontal axis golden spiral fluid turbine. J Alternate Energy Sour Technol 2015, 6(2), 30-3.

The paper describes the more easy design of a turbine. The use of golden ratio for an effective aerodynamic shape allows the turbine to be more efficiently at congregation of the energy for its applications. The shape of the blades and the smaller radius minimize the drag while still collecting the kinetic energy efficiently. The Advantage of this type of turbine is that it can withstand higher forces and generate equal or higher energy.

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020938   Magudeaswaran P;Eswaramoorthi P;Pradeep Kumar D (Civil Engineering Dep, Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, Email: magudeaswaran@gmail.com) : Green high performance concrete using ECO sand and industrial wastes. Int J chem Sci 2015, 13(2), 661-71.

This paper aims at making and studying the different properties of green high performance concrete using this silica fume, fly ash and the other ingredients, which is locally available eco sand and coarse aggregates. The amount of the carbon dioxide released during the manufacture of OPC due to the calcinations of limestone and combustion of fossil fuel is in the order of one ton for every ton of OPC produced. In addition, the extent of energy required to produce OPC is only next to steel and aluminum. Attempts to reduce the use of Portland cement in concrete are receiving much attention due to environment-related. The role of Portland cement is replaced by silica fume and fly ash. An experimental investigation was carried out to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of green high performance concretes containing cementitious materials by the replacement of cement with silica fume (7.5-15%) and fly ash (15-30%) and replacement of sand with eco-sand, a byproduct of cement as filler material Super plasticizer is added to 1% to improve the workability of concrete. The mechanical properties were assessed from the compressive strength, tensile strength and flexure. While the durability characteristics were investigated in terms of alkalinity and water absorption.

8 illus, 2 tables, 25 ref

020937   Lee D (NO, Weld Mold Company, Brighton, Mich., Email: dlee@weldmold.com) : Proper maintenance can prevent wire feeding difficulties. Indian Weld J 2015, 48(3), 76-7.

5 illus