023036   Vashi R T;Kadiya H K (NO, C.U. Shah Science College, Ashram Road, Ahmedabad-380 014, Email: hitesh_1330@yahoo.co.in) : Corrosion study of metals in marine environment. E J Chem 2009, 6(4), 1240-6.

Atmospheric corrosion rate of A1, Zn and mild steel (MS) as well as salinity and sulphation rate have been determined under outdoor exposure at Tithal (Dist. Valsad) situated in South Gujarat, India. MS samples exposed vertically suffer less corrosion than those exposed at an angle of 45°. Monthly corrosion rate was in the decreasing order of Al < Zn < MS; whereas yearly rate also follow the same trend.

6 illus, 3 tables, 19 ref

023035   Unger R H;Cook R D;Mosier W C (NO, , Polymet Corp., Cincinnati, Ohio) : Comparison of deposits of wires applied by welding, thermal spraying, and spray and fuse. Indian Weld J 2008, 41(4), 66-9.

Examines critical properties of three wires that are applied by these processes, to provide increased wear and corrosion resistance for severe wear applications.

10 illus, 2 tables

023034   Sutrakar V K;Roy Mahapatra D (Mechanical Engineering Design Div, Aeronautical Development Establishment, DRDO, Bangalore) : Effects of isothermal and adiabatic thermal loadings on size and strain rate dependence of copper nanowire. Def Sci J 2009, 59(3), 252-9.

Size and strain rate effects on ultra-thin <100>/ <123>100<125> Cu nanowires at an initial temperature of 10 K have been discussed. Extensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been performed using Embedded atom method (EAM) to investigate the structural behaviours and properties under high strain rate. Velocity-Verlet algorithm has been used to solve the equation of motions. Two different thermal loading cases have been considered: (i) Isothermal loading, in which Nose-Hoover thermostat is used to maintain the constant system temperature, and (ii) Adiabatic loading, i.e., without any thermostat. Five different wire cross sections were considered ranging from 0.723 x 0.723 nm² to 2.169 x 2.169 nm². The strain rates used in the study were 1 x 10⁹ s^-1, 1 x 10⁸ s^-1, and 1 x 10⁷ s^-1. The effect of strain rate on the mechanical properties of copper nanowires was analysed, which shows that elastic properties are independent of thermal loading for a given strain rate and cross-sectional dimension of nanowire. It showed a decreasing yield stress and yield strain with decreasing strain rate for a given cross-section. Also, a decreasing yield stress and increasing yield strain were observed for a given strain rate with increasing cross-sectional area. Elastic modulus was found to be ~ 100 GPa, which was independent of processing temperature, strain rate, and size for a given initial temperature. Reorientation of <100>/ <123>100<125> square cross-sectional copper nanowires into a series of stable ultra-thin pentagon copper nanobridge structures with dia of ~ 1 nm at 10 K was observed under high strain rate tensile loading. The effect of isothermal and adiabatic loading on the formation of such pentagonal nanobridge structure has been discussed.

7 illus, 55 ref

023033   Sun H K;Liu Y T;Chen C G (NO, Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, National Defense University, Ta-Hsi, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.) : Dynamic analysis of a vehicular-mounted automatic weapon-planar case. Def Sci J 2009, 59(3), 265-72.

Study analyses the dynamic behaviour of a machine gun mounted on a four-wheeled vehicle. The entire system comprises three parts: the gun, the flexible monopod, and the vehicle. The weapon has a multirigid- body mechanism and comprises a rigid receiver, a rigid bolt, a bullet, a buffer, and a recoil spring. The vehicle model features a rigid vehicle body, suspension springs, shock absorbers, and wheels. The finite element method is used to model the flexible monopod connecting the gun and the vehicle. The study combines a computer-aided analysis of rigid-body mechanisms with finite element analysis of a flexible structure to derive the total equations of motion, incorporating the Lagrange multiplier. The total equations of motion are solved with numerical integration to simulate the transient response of the whole system. This approach can easily resolve the problem of rigid-flexible coupling effect, and promote the function of the whole system in the engineering design phase.

15 illus, 4 tables, 16 ref

023032   Srinivasan G;Subramaniam R (Civil and Structural Engineering Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai Nagar, Email: ausrini@yahoo.co.in) : Performance evaluation of diphasic fixed bed fixed film anaerobic reactor for treating dairy effluent. J Ind Pollut Control 2008, 24(1), 31-4.

In any dairy plant, the quantity and characteristics of effluent is depending upon the extent of production activities, from chilling to pasteurization and to several milk products. The application of anaerobic digesters in the first phase of treatment, which is followed by high rate aerobic treatment, remains as the most common effluent treatment scheme for dairy plants. The two phased digester plants viz., Acetogenic and Methanogenic digesters with microbial support media is the recent trend for optimized COD removal for 70-75%. The present study evaluated a laboratory model having a Diphasic digester (38 liters of effective volume) for treating dairy effluent. The model was run for different combinations of synthetic influent COD, mg/L (8000, 8996,9956,10976 and 11981) and Flow rate, m³/day (0.006, 0.012,0.024,0.036 and 0.048). The maximum % COD removal efficiency was observed at 71.5 % for a VLR of 14.5 Kg COD/m³ day The kinetic parameters are estimated using the experimental data and a linear regression model is proposed to simulate the performance of the of a hybrid, Diphasic digester.

3 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

023031   Singh A K;Sood N (NO, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Girinagar, Pune-411 025) : Modelling and simulation of multi-target multi-sensor data fusion for trajectory tracking. Def Sci J 2009, 59(3), 205-14.

Implementation of track fusion using various algorthims has been demonstrated. The sensor measurements of these targets are modelled using Kalman filter (KF) and interacting multiple models (IMM) filter. The jointprobabilistic data association filter (JPDAF) and neural network fusion (NNF) algorithms were used for tracking multiple maneuvering targets. Track association and fusion algorithm are executed to get the fused rack data for various scenarios, two sensors tracking a single target to three sensors tracking three targets, to evaluate the effects of multiple and dispersed sensors for single target, two targets, and multiple targets. The targets chosen were distantly spaced, closely spaced and crossing. Performance of different filters was compared and fused trajectory is found to be closer to the true target trajectory as compared to that for any of the sensor measurements of that target.

19 illus, 23 ref

023030   Sharma S;Sahni M;Ravindra Kumar (NO, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology University, A-10, Noida-201 307) : Elastic-plastic transition of transversely isotropic thick-walled rotating cylinder under internal pressure. Def Sci J 2009, 59(3), 260-4.

Elastic-plastic stresses for a transversely isotropic thick-walled rotating cylinder under internal pressure have been obtained by using Seth's transition theory. It has been observed that a thick-walled circular cylinder made of isotropic material yields at the internal surface at a high pressure as compared to cylinder made of transversely isotropic material. With the increase in angular speed, much less pressure is required for initial yielding at the internal surface for transversely isotropic material as compared to isotropic material. For fully plastic state, circumferential stress is maximum at the external surface. Thick-walled circular cylinder made of transversely isotropic material requires high percentage increase in pressure to become fully plastic as compared to isotropic cylinder. Therefore, circular cylinder made of transversely isotropic material is on the safer side of the design as compared to cylinder made of isotropic material.

2 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

023029   Sharma M C;Pathodiya O P;Sharma S K;Gurjar M L;Tailor S P (NO, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Navana, Vallabhnagar, Udaipur) : Genetic analysis of morphometric traits of Sirohi goats. Indian J Anim Sci 2008, 78(9), 1028-31.

Morphometric traits, viz. body height, body length and body girth at birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age in Sirohi kids were analyzed according to genetic and non-genetic factors like sire, location, year of birth, season of birth, sex of kid and type of birth. Results revealed that the positive and high genetic and phenotypic correlations between 3 and 6 months morphometric traits and with other traits indicated that selection of kids may be done on the basis of 3 or 6 months morphometric traits in order to obtain higher value of morphometric traits at later ages. Management condition should be improved to gain profit from goat rearing.

^ssc4 tables, 9 ref

023028   Sharma A;Arora N;Mishra B K (NO, Institute of Petroleum Technology, Gandhinagar-382 007) : Impact of process modelling on current direction of welding research and future tragets. Indian Weld J 2008, 41(4), 43-50.

Gives a description of process modelling and its impact on current direction of welding research and future targets. It analyses the research work carried out in the filed of process modelling and presents quantitative analysis. The work classifies and subsequently quantifies the welding research on the basis of approaches including modelling and simulation, product development, cause-effect analysis and sensor and control. The analysis indicates that modelling based research is primarily reported for existing technologies and existing materials. Research in new technologies using modelling is still is in developing stages and new materials based research is primarily carried out with cause-effect based analysis. The paper-also mentions the future targets in welding research and indicates the role of process modelling in achieving the targets.

2 illus, 6 ref

023027   Rajanna S;Shivanand H K (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Visvesvaraya College of Engineering Univ, Bangalore-560 001) : Microstructure and mechanical characterization of post weld heat treated thermite welded rails. Indian Weld J 2008, 41(1), 44-6.

The aim of the work was to analyze to effect of heat treatment with the properties of their thermite welded rails. The chemical composition of Rail steel was ascertained with the help of Baird emission spectrometer Two rail ends were kept 20mm apart with proper alignment and Pre-heated the rail ends (to about 1000°C) was required to help the poured molten metal in washing away the surface oxidation on the rail ends, as otherwise, the molten metal may chill and solidify immediately on coming in contact with cold rail ends, without washing off the surface oxidation.. In this process, the highly exothermic reaction between aluminum and iron oxides results in the production of molten steel which is poured into a mould around the gap to be welded. (Thermite welding was carried out.). Thermite welded rail steels were subjected to ultrasonic test to check the soundness of the weld. The heat treatment involved annealing was carried out at 820°C for 45 min and air cooling to room temperature (normalized condition). The specimens were cut in the transverse direction from Heat treated Thermite Welded Rails and prepared according to AWS D 1.1 standard. Specimens were subjected to tensile test, Impact test and results were tabulated and Microstructural analysis was carried out with the help of SEM.

2 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

023026   Rai N K;Reddy G R;Ramanujam S;Venkatraj V; Agrawal P (NO, Atomic Energy Department, Mumbai-400 094) : Seismic response control systems for structures. Def Sci J 2009, 59(3), 239-51.

Structures constructed in developing world are typically RC frames with masonry infill. These structures have little resistance for lateral loads caused by earthquake and wind. Even for adequately designed structures also, due to permissible deformation beyond elastic limits, failure of masonry causes severe loss of life and property. In the case of structures designed to sustain excessive deformation such as of defence establishments, functioning and serviceability of machines and equipment installed therein are adversely affected. This co-lateral damage may be reduced by adopting another design philosophy of structure response control. In this methodology, a supplementary damping device is incorporated in the primary structure, which absorbs most of the seismic energy imparted to it, restricting the structural response within serviceable limits. These devices may be passive, active, semi-active or hybrid types. Other than passive all options are technology-intensive and dependent on external energy source, not a favourable proposition for developing nations. Among all the passive devices, tuned liquid dampers (TLDs) promise to be most suitable. Here, existing overhead water tanks (OHWT) may be used as TLD with slight adjustment and modification. This method will be able to control the structural response without putting any extra load on the existing or newly-designed buildings. Reviews various types of dampers and discusses evolution of tuned liquid dampers. A method has also been proposed for incorporating TLDs in existing and new structures. This methodology may be very useful for structures of defence establishment which are scattered and remotely placed by location, housing important equipments sensitive to vibrations, as it is free from external power dependence and regular maintenance.

^iia21 illus, 2 tables, 47 ref

023025   Pohanka M;Binder J;Kuca K (Faculty of Militry Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic) : Sarin assay using acetylcholinesterases and electrochemical sensor strip. Def Sci J 2009, 59(3), 300-4.

Electrochemical sensor strip was used for sarin assay. Three different acetylcholinesterases (AChEs) were chosen as promising recognition elements. viz., human recombinant, electric eel, and bovine erythrocytes origin. Human recombinant AChE seems to be the most sensitive to inhibition by sarin when the achieved limit of detection (0.45x10^-8 mol/l) and IC50 [(9.77 ± 8.08)x10^-6 mol/l] are considered. On the contrary, AChE from bovine erythrocytes proved to reach highest IC50 (5.37± 4.52)x10^-7 mol/l and the one from electric eel reached the highest limit of detection 0.93x10^-8 mol/l. From the AChEs tested as biorecognition element, human recombinant seems to be the best for construction of new ChE detectors.

3 illus, 1 table, 28 ref

023024   Paul A K;Chinoy N (NO, , ) : Solving critical issues at low current in TIG welding by controlling levels of saturation at the input of the inverter. Indian Weld J 2008, 41(1), 27-33.

The operating current range for TIG welding is wide. Welding at very low current in TIG mode is common. However, managing low current operation in dynamic situation is critical. High frequency inverter has the extra ability to take care some of these problems to a great extent. To meet such requirement(s), the amplifier for the inverter is normally a 'P+I' controller with large DC gain. The bandwidth of this type of inverters is limited by the presence of lag compensating elements of the controller. However, lag compensator with 'controlled peak current mode control' can develop, to our advantage, 'wind-up' in the controller to bring benefits on the dynamical aspects for TIG welding inverters at lower current setting. Discusses the issues of TIG welding at low operating current and also demonstrate how wind-up is created to eliminate the problematic issues. It is absolutely critical for non-contact TIG welding inverter.

9 illus, 8 ref

023023   Patel V J;Patel H R;Pandey V (Agricultural Meteorology Dep, B.A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural Univrsity, Anand-388 110) : Estimation of wheat yield gap in Anand and Panchmahal districts using CERES-wheat model. J Agrometeorol 2008, 10(Pt 2), 393-7.

CERES-Wheat (ver. 3.5) model was evaluated for Anand and Panchmahal district of Gujarat State (India) for wheat (cv. GW-496) in order to estimate yield gap. The CERES-wheat model was validated for both the locations. Ten years (1995-2004) district yield data reported by Govt. of Gujarat, Bureau of Statistics & Economics were collected for two districts viz., Anand and Panchmahals. For the corresponding period daily weather data of Anand (Lat. 22° 35', Longi. 72° 55') and Godhra (Lat. 22° 45', Longi. 73° 40') stations were collected from Agricultural Research station of Anand Agricultural University. The results revealed that wheat yield of Anand district showed increasing trend while reverse for the Panchmahal district. The trend of potential yield was found decreasing with the rate of change of 74 kg ha^-1yr^-1 in Anand. Similar trend was found at Panchmahal district with the rate of change of 36 kgha^-1yr^-1. The attainable yield was estimated by imposing the management constraint of delayed sowing of 20 days from the optimum time (15th Nov.) of sowing. In both the districts this constraints significantly decreased the wheat yield. This was mainly due to spilling over the days to anthesis phase from January to February with relatively higher average temperature and subsequently shortening the duration of the wheat crop. Under delayed sowing, the result showed that every one day delayed sowing decrease wheat yield to the tune of 33.6 and 35.1 kgha^-1day^-1 at Anand and Panchmahal districts, respectively. Thus, it can be concluded from the findings that DSSAT crop simulation model proved to be an effective tool for efficient resource management. Estimation of yield gap based on past crop data and subsequent adjustment of appropriate sowing window definitely provides possibilities for obtaining potential yield.

2 tables, 9 ref

023022   Nirmalkumar K;Sivakumar V (NO, , C/o P.R. Kittusamy, No. 298, Ram Nagar, Erode MAin Road, Perundurai-638 052, Email: nirmal2555080@yahoo.co.in) : Study on the durability impact of concrete by using recycled waste water. J Ind Pollut Control 2008, 24(1), 17-22.

Waste water from tannery industry can be used for the construction purpose, so that the shortage in water can be greatly reduced. In addition the problem of disposal of waste water from these industries can be solved if the water is reused for some other purposes. The basic properties of the treated and untreated water from the tannery industry were tested and the results were found to be satisfactory such that it can be used for construction purposes with some minimal treatment. Even the mechanical properties of the concrete using these effluents are also found to be satisfactory. By using the waste water from the tannery industry, cubes and cylinders were casted and tested for its durability (sulphate attack, chloride attack and corrosion impact). The result shows some deviation compared to specimens casted using potable water and so chemicals in form of inhibitors were used and the results were found to be satisfactory.

6 illus, 6 tables, 14 ref

023021   Nair P;Jayachandran T;Puranik B;Bhandarkar U V (NO, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram-695 022) : Simulation of thermo-fluid interactions in cryogenic stage turbine startup system using AUSM+-UP-based higher accurate flow solver. Def Sci J 2009, 59(3), 215-19.

High-speed turbines are used in upper stage liquid engines of launch vehicles and the most common ones include LH2 and LOX turbines used in the cryogenic stages. The main constraints in the design of turbine system for a liquid engine are thermal loads, mass flow and pressure drops in various systems ahead of the turbine inlet. The temperature of the combustion products/gases reaching the turbine blades must be well below the melting point of the turbine blade material and the mass flow rate must be sufficient to generate the required power. Turbine can be started in two ways, by generating gases using a solid propellant-based spinner motor, and using compressed gases stored in gas bottles. The first method involves design challenges but requires less space and weight. On the other hand, second method is simple but requires more space. Because of the space and weight constraints associated with the upper stages, first method is preferred and discussed. It consists of a solid propellant-based spinner motor with a convergent-divergent nozzle, a guiding duct connecting nozzle exit, and the turbine inlet manifold in the form of a torroid with nozzle block having 39 guiding nozzles. The combustion products generated by the spinner motor are guided to the manifold through the guiding duct. Inlet manifold acts as a reservoir and supplies hot gases uniformly to the turbine through 39 nozzles. The study addresses the role of computational fluid dynamics in the design of turbine startup system using unstructured cell-centered AUSM+-UP-based finite volume solver with the two equation turbulence model. The flow and the thermal characteristics of the solid motor with a convergent divergent nozzle were studied to evaluate the gas temperature, operating pressure, and flow velocities. The guiding duct along with the inlet manifold was analysed separately to find the drop in temperature and pressure within the system. From the simulation results, the mass flow through each guiding nozzle, and hence, energy available could be evaluated to ensure proper functioning of the turbine.

32 illus, 18 ref

023020   Murthy S G K;Raja Sekharam K (NO, Defence Research and Development Lab, Hyderabad-500 058) : Software reliability through theorem proving. Def Sci J 2009, 59(3), 314-17.

Improving software reliability of mission-critical systems is widely recognised as one of the major challenges. Early detection of errors in software requirements, designs and implementation, need rigorous verification and validation techniques. Several techniques comprising static and dynamic testing approaches are used to improve reliability of mission critical software; however it is hard to balance development time and budget with software reliability. Particularly using dynamic testing techniques, it is hard to ensure software reliability, as exhaustive testing is not possible. On the other hand, formal verification techniques utilise mathematical logic to prove correctness of the software based on given specifications, which in turn improves the reliability of the software. Theorem proving is a powerful formal verification technique that enhances the software reliability for mission critical aerospace applications. Discusses the issues related to software reliability and theorem proving used to enhance software reliability through formal verification technique, based on the experiences with STeP tool, using the conventional and internationally accepted methodologies, models, theorem proving techniques available in the tool without proposing a new model.

^ssc3 illus, 9 ref

023019   Maruthi R;Sankarasubramanian K (NO, Velammal Engineering College, Surapet, Amattur Redhills Road, Chennai) : Image quality evaluation for multi focus fused images. Int J Comp Applic 2008, 3(1), 73-80.

Image Fusion is finding rapid development in the area of remote sensing, medical and military applications. Image quality metrics are figures of merit used for the evaluation of imaging systems or processes. Uses the characteristic properties of the images for multi focus image fusion and the experiment is conducted and the results are analyzed using some quantitative measures to illustrate, how well the information contained in the source images are represented in the reconstructed images.

2 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

023018   Maran P;Sornakumar T;Sundararajan T (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai-625 015) : Microstructure and hardness in GTA welding of stainless steel. Indian Weld J 2008, 41(4), 32-7.

The experimental studies on microstructures and micro hardness in the weld metal show that the fluid flow pattern in the weld pool strongly influences the cooling rate, microstructure and hardness. The fluid pattern predicted is correlated with the experimental results for microstructures and hardness. The spatial variations of micro hardness show that the micro hardness values are higher in the low velocity fluid flow region and lower in the remaining region. The variations are due to different cooling rates, micro structures, sizes of the grains and delta ferrite content.

4 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

023017   Madhusudhan Reddy G;Satyanarayana V V;Kishore K (NO, IIW Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory, Hyderabad) : Robust design of dissimilar stainless steel joining. Indian Weld J 2008, 41(4), 38-42.

Reports on a study that has been taken up to develop the robust design by dual response and tolerance analysis approaches for understanding the friction welding characteristics of austenitic stainless steel - ferritic stainless steel dissimilar metal welds.

3 illus, 6 tables, 6 ref

023016   Liang qun L;Wei xin X;Jing xiong H;Jian jun H (NO, School of Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Guangdong 516 060, China) : Multiple model Rao-Blackwellized particle filter for manoevuring target tracking. Def Sci J 2009, 59(3), 197-204.

Particle filters can become quite inefficient when applied to a high-dimensional state space since a prohibitively large number of samples may be required to approximate the underlying density functions with desired accuracy. A novel multiple model Rao-Blackwellized particle filter (MMRBPF)-based algorithm has been proposed for manoeuvring target tracking in a cluttered environment. The advantage of the proposed approach is that the Rao-Blackwellization allows the algorithm to be partitioned into target tracking and model selection sub-problems, where the target tracking can be solved by the probabilistic data association filter, and the model selection by sequential importance sampling. The analytical relationship between target state and model is exploited to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed algorithm. Moreover, to reduce the particle-degeneracy problem, the resampling approach is selectively carried out. Finally, experiment results, show that the proposed algorithm, has advantages over the conventional IMM-PDAF algorithm in terms of robust and efficiency.

8 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

023015   Lamba K B K (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Institute of Technology (SVIT), Vasad-388 306) : Electron beam welding of nickel base alloy 718. Indian Weld J 2008, 41(1), 34-43.

A detailed study of EBW process was made with its inherent advantages/attributes in making use of this process and its limitations in welding of Inconel 718. Optimum welding parameters were established making use of high vacuum mode of EBW's application for welding of Inconel-718. Welds so made were subjected to quality checks i.e. Radiographic Examination of Welds, Joint Efficiencies, Residual Stresses, Metallographic Examination of Welds & the Effect of Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) on mechanical properties to qualitatively demonstrate capabilities of EBW.

8 illus, 6 tables, 23 ref

023014   Khilnani R K (NO, , Dairy & Food Consultant and Certified Energy Auditor, Email: rkkhilnani@gmail.com) : Some energy saving opportunities in electrical utilities. Indian Dairyman 2009, 61(1), 37-44.

There is a vast scope of energy saving in electrical utilities as they consume 50 % to 75% of total energy consumption of a dairy plant. A sincere effort to save energy would not only lead to reduction in cost of production and thus making them more competitive but at the same time, it would help the nation to conserve the much needed fossil fuel resources.

2 tables, 5 ref

023013   Johnsen M R (NO, , , Email: mjohnsen@aws.org) : Union tank car's new manufacturing plant in Louisiana represents the latest in tank car manufacturing. Indian Weld J 2008, 41(1), 51-4.

11 illus

023012   Han X;Wang T F;Lin Z K;Han D L;Li S F;Zhao F Q;Zhang L Y (NO, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China, 230 026) : RDX/AP-CMDB propellants containing fullerenes and carbon black additives. Def Sci J 2009, 59(3), 284-93.

Influence of fullerene additives on the combustion behaviour of cyclotrimethylene trinitramine/ammonium perchlorate composite modified double-base (RDX/AP-CMDB) propellants are investigated by thermogravimetric-differential thermogravimetric (TG-DTG) analysis, burning rate tests, and scanning electron microscopy observations. The difference between lead salicylate (φ-Pb) and bismuth citrate acid (Π-Bi) as combustion modifiers has also been examined. TG-DTG investigations show that the addition of all additives advanced and accelerated the evaporation of nitroglycerin (NG). The addition of Extracted Fullerene Soot (EFS), C₆₀ and carbon black (CB) additives obviously accelerated the liquid phase decomposition of NG. Also, the solid phase decomposition of nitrocellulose (NC) and the liquid phase decomposition of RDX were accelerated by 0.5 per cent Fullerene Soot (FS)/2.5 per cent Π-Bi/0.5 per cent copper adipic acid (J-Cu) composite catalyst. The addition of all composite catalysts promoted the decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) except 0.5 per cent EFS/2.5 per cent CP-Bi/0.5 per cent J-Cu composite catalysts. It is well known that there exists dark zone in the flame structure of RDX-CMDB propellant, but in authors observation, the dark zone vanished with the addition of 10 per cent AP to the forenamed propellant. The burning rates were increased at low pressure but reduced at high pressure by all catalysts except 0.5 per cent EFS/2.5 per cent Π-Bi/0.5 per cent J-Cu and 0.5 per cent C₆₀/2.5 per cent CP-Bi/0.5 per cent J-Cu which reduced the burning rates at every tested pressure. The pressure exponents of tested propellants were reduced by 0.5 per cent FS/2.5 per cent CP-Bi/0.5 per centJ-Cu with a factor of 17 per cent. The quenched surface observations significantly differed with the additions of diverse composite catalysts, which were consistent with the burning rate results.

9 illus, 6 tables, 17 ref

023011   Duer S (NO, Koszalin University of Technology, Racbawicka 15-17, 75-620 Koszalin, Poland) : Artificial neural network-based technique for operation process control of a technical object. Def Sci J 2009, 59(3), 305-13.

Presents a method to control an operation process of a complex technical object, on the example of a radar system, with the use of trivalent diagnostic information. Also, a general diagram of the complex technical object was presented, and its internal structure was described. A diagnostic analysis was conducted, as a result of which sets of the functional elements of the object and its diagnostic signals were determined. Also, the methodology of the diagnostic examination of the technical system was presented. The result was a functional and diagnostic model, which constituted the basis for initial diagnostic information, which is provided by the sets of information concerning the elements of the basic modules and their output signals. The theoretical results obtained in the present study were verified in practice on the example of a radar system. The radar system in question is a complex and reparable technical object. It belongs to the group of technical equipment for which a short time of shutdowns is required (an ineffective use of the object). A DIAG computer programme was used in the diagnosing process of the radar system. The final results obtained of the computations conducted by the DIAG software have been presented.

12 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

023010   Dhanuka M P (NO, , GEE Limited, Thane-400 604) : Development of all-position fluxcored wire for fabrication of oil & gas pipelines. Indian Weld J 2008, 41(1), 23-6.

4 tables

023009   Chauhan J S;Gupta D K (NO, M.V.M. College, Bhopal-462 021, Email: jine.schauhan@yahoo.com) : Corrosion inhibition of titanium in acidic media containing fluoride with bixin. E J Chem 2009, 6(4), 975-8.

The bixin in acidic media were tested for corrosion inhibition of Ti in 0.5 N sulphuric acid and 0.1 N HCl solution at 30 to 40 °C temperature range by electrochemical methods. It reveals that bixin works as a corrosion inhibitor in halide media and protect the metals from the corrosion with great efficiency.

3 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

023008   Chan K R (NO, , Huys Welding, Strategies) : Save time and money with resistance welding simulation software. Indian Weld J 2008, 41(4), 60-4.

Software has been used to assist in the design of resistance welding parts and joints. It determines welding parameters, how the welding parameters can be optimized for various conditions in production, and forecasts the microstructure of the parts after welding. Software is currently in use by major automotive and manufacturing companies such as GM, Ford, Honda, Volkswagen, Chrysler, Mercedes Benz, Volvo, Peugeot, Citroen, Bosch, Siemens, and ARO. These and other companies use the software to reduce time and money in resistance welding, from the design stage to production floor.

12 illus, 9 ref

023007   Buragohain M;Velmurugan R (NO, Advanced System Laboratory, Hyderabad-500 058) : Buckling analysis of composite hexagonal lattice clylindrical shell using smeared stiffener model. Def Sci J 2009, 59(3), 230-8.

Hexagonal lattice pattern formed by helical and circumferential ribs is the most common among different possible lattice patterns. An energy-based smeared stiffener model (SSM) is developed to obtain equivalent stiffness coefficients of a composite lattice cylindrical shell with such hexagonal lattice patterns. Using the equivalent stiffness coefficients, Ritz buckling analysis was carried out. Extensive finite element modeling covering different representative sizes have been carried out. SSM is validated by comparing the estimated buckling loads. Variation of material properties of rib unidirectional composites from those of normal unidirectional composites is accounted for in the energy formulations.

^iia5 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref

023006   Baocy Y;Dural H;Arslan D;Ozcan M M (Biology Dep, Faculty of Science-Education, Selcuk Univ, 42031 Konya-Turkey, Email: akkuyu32@hotmail.com) : Inhibition of some fungi by essential oil of Thymbra sintenesii Bornm. et Aznav. subsp. isaurica in model system. J essential Oil Bearing Pl 2008, 11(3), 311-18.

Inhibitory effect of Thymbrasintenesii Bornm. et Aznav subsp. isaaricaol' on the myceiial growth of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillits parasiticus, Alternana alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporium. Rhizoctonia solani. The essential oil of this plant exerted varying levels of antifungal effects on the growth of all fungi. The level 0.05 % of oil showed inhibitory effect against myceiial growth of fungi. Other concentrations showed weak effect on myceiial growth of moulds. Certain percentages of inhibition of 0.01 % and 0.03 % doses against B. cinerea at the 3rd day of incubation completely disappeared at the other days. After from the 3th days of incubation at 0.0 1% and 0.03 % levels inhibition percentages were determined as 27 to 70 %, 20 to 71 %. 24 to 71 % and 30 to 64 % against A. alternata, B. cinerea, F oxysporium and R solani. However, knowledge how to protect the spoilage of food products from some pathogens and saprophytic fungi can probably be gained from the different concentrations of spice derivatives.

6 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

023005   Balasubramaniam R (Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur-208 016, Email: bala@iitk.ac.in) : On materials science aspects of impact of cannon ball on the stability of the Delhi iron pillar. Curr Sci 2008, 95(5), 610-17.

Delhi Iron Pillar was struck by a cannon ball with the specific aim of breaking the pillar into two. The history of the cannon ball strike has been traced briefly. The trajectory of the cannon ball has been established from the surface features of cannon ball indentation area as well as from the direction of shock wave propagation. The materials science aspects related to the pillar's response to the cannon ball strike have been explained. The nature and origin of cracks surrounding the cannon ball indentation area have been analysed. Visual evidences have been provided to support the sequence of events that followed the cannon ball impact, in a time period of about a microsecond. These included intense plastic deformation leading to creation and propagation of plastic shock wave, initiation of crack at the rear, spallation of material, horizontal propagation of the main crack, and finally branching of the main crack along lump-lump interfaces. The analysis concludes that fracture of the pillar was avoided by deflection of the propagating horizontal crack that originated from the rear end, diametrically opposite the cannon impact area, along the axial direction of the Pillar through lump-lump interfaces".

10 illus, 30 ref

023004   Bagchi S N;Makker N D (NO, Flash Forge Pvt. Ltd., Visakhapatnam) : Metallurgy, Forming and welding of titanium alloys. Indian Weld J 2008, 41(4), 22-31.

7 illus, 5 tables, 15 ref

023003   Aydogan E K;Gencer C;Ayturk S (NO, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey) : Evaluation of light machine gun using analytic network process. Def Sci J 2009, 59(3), 273-83.

Light machine guns are among the significant fire support guns for the infantry. While the rapid advances in technology are improving the quality, these are also increasing the diversity, increasing the research carried out in the existing institutions and organisations. This is making the decision problem faced during the process complicated as well. To solve such problems, multiple criteria decision making methods are used. In the study, the selection of the light machine guns has been dealt as a multiple criteria decision making problem. To decide about the best machine gun, selection criteria of the best light machine gun is evaluated within a systematic feedback and a model pertaining to using Analytical Network Process (ANP) in the selection of the weapons has been developed. The criteria pertaining to the alternative weapons have been determined, the necessary polls have been prepared and applied, and the results have been achieved using the Super Decisions 1.6.0 package program.

2 illus, 10 tables, 18 ref

023002   Abnave A;Kulkarni D (NO, L&T, HED-Powai) : Welding of naval brass using GMAW process. Indian Weld J 2008, 41(4), 18-21.

Carbon steel tube sheet of a Turbine surface condenser was planed with explosive bonded brass at shell side, as the working medium was seawater, Diameter of tube sheet is more than three meter and the maximum brass plate available was not able to meet size requirement making weld joint unavoidable in brass plate. Manufacturing cycle of tube sheet includes joining of two halves of brass plate, explosive bonding of brass plate on carbon steel and then cutting clad plate to make required size of tube sheet. Naval brass grade UNS SB 171 C46400 selected as brass plate and planned for import from UK with a cycle time of 8 weeks followed by welding and explosive bonding at Orissa, India. After completion of bonding & Ultrasonic testing, tube sheet will be brought to Mumbai works for cutting followed by 8560 nos. Tube hole drilling on deep hole drilling machine and the final gasket face machining. The critical path is clear as Tube sheet, which is making hurdle in the timely delivery of the project. Over and above the tight manufacturing schedule, Weld joint of Naval Brass (Cu:Zn 60:40) needed to be porosity free to clear final DP test and to sustain the impact during explosive bonding. Extensive trials taken before start of production welding followed by Procedure qualification. Job of welding total 30 meters of 13 mm thk naval brass completed within 12 days time as per schedule depositing 64 kg of weld metal using track mounted GMAW process. The work undertaken exhibits that Naval Brass weld joints, when welded with automated process and with optimum duilution can give acceptable radiographic quality weld joints.

022026   Viji Vinod (Computer Applications Dep, Dr. M G R Univ, ) : Impact of team skills on software quality: a comparative study of India and US. Int J Comp Applic 2008, 3(2), 135-60.

Provides an analysis of the variations in the effect of the team skills of the project development team on quality in the software development environments in India and United States. Using data from 158 India based projects and 125 United states based projects from 50 software organizations, the variations in team skills were compared. In the analysis of the results, development team skill is found to be a significant factor through out the software development. In addition, the results imply that inexperienced software developers are tasked with responsibilities ill-suited to their skill level more in India, and thus have a significant adverse effect on the quality of the software product, where in US the experiences of the developers precisely suited their responsibilities and thus could improve the quality of the software product extensively. The personal capabilities of the team members like leadership, communication and coordination had greater impact on quality in US where as motivational skill could affect the software quality in Indian project teams to a larger extend.

4 tables, 82 ref

022025   Vigneswaran C;Chandrasekaran K;Prabhu J (Fashion Technology Dep, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore-641 004) : Effect of core-sheath ratio and fabric properties on the thermal behaviour of Dref-III spun core yarn knitted fabric. J Instn Engrs-Pt TE 2009, 89(Feb), 20-5.

Effect of thermal behaviour such as thermal conductivity, thermal resistance and thermal diffusion of three different ratios of jute/cotton core-sheath in Dref-III spun yarn knitted fabrics have been studied. The experimental results show that the thermal conductivity, thermal diffusion and thermal resistance of the knitted fabrics depends on the percentage of the core/sheath components, fabric properties, such as, thickness, tightness factor, density and air permeability. The regression correlation coefficient analysis of the jute/cotton core-sheath knitted fabric properties with thermal properties has also been reported.

2 illus, 8 tables, 21 ref

022024   Trivedi U B;Lakshminarayana D (Dep of Electronics, Sardar Patel University, vallabh Vidyanagar-388 120) : Performance comparision of glucose biosensors based upon different polymer matrices. Prajna 2008, 16(Oct), 37-40.

Amperometric glucose biosensors, based upon the immobilization of glucose oxidase enzyme, have been fabricated. Three different biosensors have been developed by immobilizing the enzyme in the polymer matrices of a unique combination of Poly carbamoyl sulphonate (PCS) + Polyethylenemine (PEI) and electrodeposited Polypyrrole (PPy) and Poly o-phenylenediamine (PPD). The performance of the biosensor based on the PCS+PEI polymer matrix has been found to be better than that of the biosensors based on the electrodeposited polymers of PPy ,and PPD. The results obtained during the comparative study are presented.

1 illus, 8 ref

022023   Sreekanth P D;Geethanjali N;Sreedevi P D; Ahmed S;Ravi Kumar N (NO, National Research Centre for Cashew, Puttur, Karnataka) : Fusion between artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic for predicting groundwater level. Int J Comp Applic 2008, 3(2), 99-111.

A Neuro-fuzzy system model was developed for predicting groundwater levels at Maheshwaram watershed, Hyderabad, India well in advance. The prediction model efficiency and accuracy was calculated based on Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and R² (RMSE - 4.95 and R² = 99) and proved to be highly accurate.

7 illus, 1 table, 22 ref

022022   Saravanan D;Ramachandran T (Textile Technoloyg Dep, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode-638 401) : Comprehensive view on garment dyeing and finishing. J Instn Engrs-Pt TE 2009, 89(Feb), 14-19.

Processing of garments offers many advantages compared to conventional route adopted in dyeing and finishing of fabrics. Many developments have taken place in the field of garment processing, especially in dyeing and finishing and easy care finishing has become synonymous with finishing of garments. Nevertheless stringent measures are required in the case of garment processing since any damage at this stage would result in value added losses. Discusses certain aspects related to dyeing and finishing of garments, in the selected area.

3 illus, 69 ref

022021   Roy G;Bhattacharyya G K;Sengupta S;Mukherjee M (NO, National Institute of Research on Jute and Allied Fibre Technology, 12 Regent Park, Kolkata-700 040) : New electronic fibre bundle strength tester for jute. J Instn Engrs-Pt TE 2009, 89(Feb), 10-13.

Conventional instrument for jute fibre bundle strength tester has been modified and fabricated by introducing motorized constant loading system and digital representation of data. In this way, possibility of human error n the testing method has been eliminated. In addition to breaking strength, the instrument can display the tenacity/quality index value, time to break and breaking extension. Moreover, it can store the results in the built-in memory. The instrument is very simple, easy to operate and maintain. The tenacity value has been compared with conventional machine and found high correlation. High order of repeatability of the instrument has been observed.

6 illus, 3 tables, 4 ref

022020   Roy A N;Basu G;Bhattacharya G K (NO, National Institute of Research on Jute and Allied Fibre Technology, I, 12 Regent Park, Kolkata-700 040) : Approach to engineer jute based yarn for improvement of its property performance. J Instn Engrs-Pt TE 2009, 89(Feb), 3-9.

Spun-wrapped yarn samples were prepared from third drawn jute and jute-polyester blended sliver separately (both as core component) in a conventional commercial scale jute spinning machine with the incorporation of different synthetic filaments (as wrapping component) eg, polyester, polypropylene and polyurethane, in front of the front rollers nip with the help of a suitable gadget. Some important physical and surface appearance properties of yarn, namely, hairiness of yarn at different hair-length, diameter, packing coefficient, flexural rigidity, breaking tenacity, breaking elongation, work of rupture, colour strength, whiteness, yellowness and brightness indices have been evaluated. Results reveal that hairiness of spun-wrapped yarn is much lower than the corresponding ordinary jute and jute-polyester blended yarns for all the hair-lengths. Flexural rigidity of spun-wrapped yarn with either 100% jute or jute-polyester blended core is much lower than that of the corresponding ordinary jute yarns. Work of rupture of covered yarn has increased notably over ordinary yarn, mainly due to the increase in breaking elongation. Evaluation of surface appearance property reveals that covering with polyurethane did not cause any notable change in natural colour of the jute.

3 illus, 3 tables, 17 ref

022019   Ravichandran R;Punihavalli M (KGiSL Educational Institutions, , Coimbatore, Tamilnadu) : Quality metrics for object-oriented design. Int J Comp Applic 2008, 3(2), 123-34.

Study focuses on a set of object oriented metrics that can be used to measure the quality of an object oriented design. The metrics for object oriented design focus on measurements that are applied to the class and design characteristics. These measurements permit designers to access the software early in process, making changes that will reduce complexity and improve the continuing capability of the design. Summarizes the existing metrics, which will guide the designers to support their design. Categorizes metrics and discussed in such a way that novice designers can apply metrics in their design as needed.

3 illus, 2 tables, 51 ref

022018   Rautela P;Joshi G C (Disaster Mitigation Management Centre, Disaster Management Dep, Government of Uttarakhand, Uttarakhand Secretariat, Rajpur Road, Dehradun-248 001, Email: piyooshrautela@gmail.com) : Earthquake-safe Koti Banal architecture of Uttarakhand, India. Curr Sci 2008, 95(4), 475-81.

Uttarakhand shows an elaborate tradition of constructing multistoried houses. Both the local dialects of the region (Kumaoni and Garhwali) have unique words for identifying four different floors of a building. This suggests common occurrence of multi-storied structures in the region. Rajgarhi area, Uttar-kashi District has a large number of intact multi-storied traditional houses with marked antiquity and distinct construction style. Detailed investigations suggest that the region had evolved a distinct and elaborate earthquake-safe construction style as early as 1000 yrs BP. This is known as the Koti Banal architecture. It exhibits elaborate procedures for site selection, preparing the platform for raising the structure, as also for detailing the entire structure constructed on principles somewhat akin to that of framed structures of the present times. Locally and then abundantly available wood was judiciously used in these structures. The structural detailing suggests that those responsible for designing these buildings had a fairly good idea about the forces likely to act upon the structure during an earthquake. The significant features of the Koti Banal architecture include: (i) simple layout, (ii) construction on elaborate, solid and raised platform, (iii) judicious use of locally available building material, (iv) incorporation of wooden beams all through the height of the building at regular intervals.

7 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

022017   Raajan N R;Venkatramani Y;Sivaramakrishnan T R (ECE/School of EEE, Sastra Univ, Thanjore, Tamil Nadu) : Approach to noise cancellation for communication devices. Int J Comp Applic 2008, 3(2), 81-8.

A great problem in speech processing is to represent the shape and characteristics of the vocal tracts. This task is normally done by using an acoustics tube model, based on the calculation of the area function would be performed. Shows that these models have good performance in experiments, A Mathematical model of Vocal fold has been obtained as part of new approach for Noise cancelation.

7 illus, 12 ref

022016   Prabhu S M;Soundarajankrishanan (Mechanical Engg. Dep, V S B Engg College, Karur, Chemical Engg., Dep Satyabama Univ Cehnnai) : Computational analysis of the viscoelastic flows of fluids through a circular duct and an annulus. Int J Comp Applic 2008, 3(2), 179-89.

Contains a novel treatment of viscoelastic fluids through circular ducts and annuli. The nodal pressures and flows in three cases of exponentially decreasing pressure gradient, periodic pressure gradient and constant pressure gradient were calculated This was done using the Galerkin analysis defining 50 nodal points in a curve-linear grid along the annular surface

6 illus, 3 tables, 8 ref

022015   Mihaela O (Electrical Engineering and Industrial IT<, Faculty of Engineering Hunedoara, "Politehnica Timisoara" Univ, 5 Revolutiei Street-331 128, Email: osaci.mihaela@fih.upt.ro) : Determination of the effective magnetic anisotropy constant of ferrite nanoparticles dispersed in organic matrix. Indian J Phys 2008, 82(12), 1671-9.

With increasing interest in realising new magnetic materials, the magnetic behaviour of the nanoparticle disperse systems became an important problem both from the experimental point of view and from the theoretical one. The researches performed in the last period show that, by controlling the size distribution, the effective anisotropy constant and the nanoparticle concentration, the nanoparticle disperse systems can be used for realising magnetic materials with special properties. This paper presents a modality to determine the effective anisotropy constant of the mixed ferrite nanoparticle of NiZn, dispersed in the solid organic dielectric matrix - Nestrapol 450. In this respect, there are realised samples with low nanoparticle concentration, which are studied in dynamic magnetic fields through the O-metric method, using a coaxial transmission line in short-circuit. So, it can determine the dependence of the complex magnetic permeability components, the tangent of the magnetic loss angles and material quality factor, on the frequency, and then one can calculate the medium Neel relaxation time and the effective anisotropy constant of the nanoparticles.

4 illus, 17 ref

022014   Kakani S L;Kakani S;Nuwal A (NO, Institute of Technology & Management, Bhilwara-311 001) : Physics of carbon nanotubes. Prajna 2008, 16(Oct), 127-49.

Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) are amongst the most explored one-dimensional nanostructures and have attracted tremendous interest from fundamental science and technological perspectives. These are currently being studied in an effort to understand their novel structural, electronic and mechanical properties and to explore their immense potential for many applications in nanoelectronics , and as actuators and sensors. This paper presents the Physics of CNTs.

9 illus, 86 ref

022013   Gill T L;Zachary W W (Electrical Engineering Dep, Howard Univ, Washington DC 20059, USA, Email: tgill@howard.edu) : Proper-time foundations for classical electrodynamics. Indian J Phys 2008, 82(9), 1159-78.

Provides an introduction to the Howard University research program on the canonical proper-time formulation of classical electrodynamics. The approach leads to a new set of Maxwell's equations which fixes the clock of the field source for all inertial observers but is mathematically equivalent to the conventional theory. However, the speed of light is no longer an invariant for all observers, but depends on the motion of the source. (Thus, a fundamental conclusion is that mathematical equivalence is not always related to physical equivalence.) This approach allows us to account for radiation reaction without the use of mass renormalization or advanced potentials. This means that all the problems associated with the Lorentz-Dirac equation do not occur. In addition, no assumptions are required about the structure of the source. The theory also provides a new invariance group which, in general, is a nonlinear and nonlocal representation of the Lorentz group. This approach provides a natural (and unique) definition of simultaneity for all observers, furthermore, there is no physical advantage in using time as a fourth coordinate (although it is still a fourth dimension).

39 ref

022012   Dindorkar S;Gupta S;Kale P B (Farm Structures Dep, College of Agric. Engineering & Technology, Dr. P.D. Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola-444 104) : Propagation of mango grafts under greenhouse (poly and nethouse) conditions at Akola. Green Fmg 2009, 2(5), 303-5.

Experiment was conducted at Nagarjuna Medicinal Plant Garden, Dr. P.D. Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola to evaluate the performance of mango grafting in the poly & net house and open condition. Softwood grafting method selected for the study "in situ" sown seedling of 10 months old raised in polythene bags (6 x 9") and 2 days old scion. The grafts were held in polyhouse, nethouse and open condition. Temperature, relative humidity, biometric characteristics and mortality rate of grafts performance was measured. It has been observed that the micro-climatic condition in polyhouse was favourable for mango grafts. The performance of grafts under polyhouse was better compared to nethouse and open condition. The sprouting was earlier and mortality rate was less, numbers of leaves were more in polyhouse compared to nethouse and open condition. The study reveals that the grafts place under the polyhouse improves the biometric characteristics of mango plants. Thus soft-wood grafting under polyhouse condition is proved to be suitable for preparing mango grafting for Akola conditions.

2 tables, 5 ref