017102   Khalid S (NO, , ) : Performance evaluation of active power filter for aircraft system. J Pwr Elect Pwr Syst 2017, 7(1), 1-8.

Sinusoidal current control approach for extracting reference currents for shunt lively energy filters were modified using genetic algorithm and its performances hud been compared. The acute evaluation of comparison of the repayment functionality based on THD and speedwell be finished, and pointers may be given for the selection of method for use. The simulated effects the usage of MATLAB version are shown, and they will undoubtedly prove the significance of the proposed manipulate technique of plane shunt APF.

017101   Kathuria A;Parida M;Sekhar C R (Civil Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee-247 667, Email: writetokathuria@gmail.com) : Route performance evaluation of a closed bus rapid transit system using GPS data. Curr Sci 2017, 112(8), 1642-52.

GPS-fitted buses operating in bus rapid transit systems (BRTS) of India make it easier to collect a wealth of travel-time data from them. This article evaluates the operational performance of BRTS routes based on GPS data. First, various simplified statistical range parameters, viz. coefficient of variation percentile travel time, travel-time distributions, etc. are selected for route evaluation. Then, two bus routes of the Ahmedabad BRTS are selected ascase study to develop and validate a methodology for evaluating the performance of these routes based on selected parameters. Week-day bus travel-time data for one direction accounting for 2124 bus trips are used in the study. The study then compares travel-time reliability-based performance of a BRT and a non-BRT route. Further, the study proposes an approach to measure a shift in BRTS network level of service based on two indices-average travel time per kilometre, and travel-time coefficient of variation. A left shift in cumulative plot indicates an improvement in the BRTS network level of service in the year 2016 compared to 2013.

8 illus, 7 tables, 20 ref

017100   Jose P S;Geetha M;Kanakaraj J;Abinaya C (NO, , Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dep, PSG College of Technology, Email: sweetyjosepsg@gmail.com) : Power quality improvement by direct power control of active front end rectifier. J scient ind Res 2017, 76(6), 339-42.

Active fronts End Rectifiers (AFE) are used as a powerful tool for Harmonic Mitigation. This paper proposes a new development of Direct Power Control (DPC) in AFE Rectifier technologies that are utilized to mitigate harmonics in utility power lines. In this paper, Voltage Oriented Control (VOC) based Direct Power control (DPC) of three phases PWM Rectifier with reduced input harmonics and improved power factor is presented. In the proposed Direct Power Control based on Voltage Oriented Control scheme, instantaneous active and reactive powers provided by harmonic component of input currents are directly controlled using predefined switching table with 12 switching states. A complete simulation model is developed using MATLAB/Simulink in order to test the performance of VOC based DPC of PWM rectifier and compared with SVPWM based AFE Rectifier. Results show effective harmonic compensation at front end for DPC based PWM rectifier and the current THD is 3.3% which is well below the IEEE standards. Also almost unity power factor is achieved with significant power ripple reduction and more sinusoidal grid current can be observed in DPC.

4 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

017099   Gupta S;Bajpai U (NO, , ) : Effect on temperature and efficiency on photovoltaic module of PV/T system with water based optical filter. J Elect Des Technol 2017, 8(1), 1-6.

Solar radiation has ultraviolet, visible and infrared radiations, in which infrared and ultra-violet part of the solar radiation are mainly responsible tor the heating of solar tell. This decreases the efficiency of the solar cell by 0.3 to --0.5% K-1. When we increase the concentration on the solar cell then the heat becomes more prominent and causes the damage of the solar ceil, and also decreases the efficiency of solar cell. In water based optical filter PV/T systems, the infrared and ultraviolet part of the solar radiation is filtered out and allows only visible part and some part of infrared which are suitable lor the solar ceil according So spectral response of the solar cell used. By this approach, we can increase the overall efficiency of the PV/T system by utilizing heat part of the solar radiation as well. In this paper, comparative study has been done for the solar cell with optical filter and without optical filter in same concentration ratio with the V-trough concentrator. Temperature of the solar photovoltaic module without filter is higher than with the filter. So, PV/T system is more reliable than single photovoltaic or thermal system. It also enhances the overall efficiency of the PV/T system.

017098   Gupta M K;Singh R;Chaturvedi R K (NO, , ) : Design and analysis of bidirectional charger. J Elect Des Technol 2017, 8(1), 17-22.

On-board - 300 - bidirectional battery charger is an important component in a plug-in vehicle having vehicle-to-grid (V2G) capability. Battery charger topologies are generally categorized under the two main categories of single-stage and two-stages. Every category has its own advantages and disadvantages. This paper attempts to make a review of the existing bidirectional battery charger topologies.

017097   Gayathri K M;Thangadurai N;Vasudha M P (Electronics and Communication Engineering Dep, School of Engineering and Technology, Jain Univ, Bengaluru-562 112, Email: mrgoldjain2015@gmail.com) : Positioning and signal strength analysis of IRNSS and GPS receiver in plain terrain along with foliage loss. Curr Sci 2017, 112(8), 1738-42.

Navigation systems such as Global Positioning System (GPS) play a significant role in determining the user position. Similar to GPS, Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) is a navigation system indigenously developed by India to meet the country's needs. Presently, six satellites are in orbit - three in inclined geosynchronous orbit and three in geostationary earth orbit. It is essential to evaluate and upgrade the performance of IRNSS continuously for various applications. One such assignment to characterize the performance of IRNSS is mapping of the Jain University global campus geographical area in Bengaluru. The area for mapping includes a terrain with different features such as plain fields, vegetation fields, power distribution substation, dense trees and a terrain with variation in altitude. The purpose of this study is to analyse the performance of both IRNSS and GPS with respect to carrier-to-noise ratio, altitude variation, satellite visibility and GDOP, and the corresponding observations are recorded and plotted with available maps.

9 illus, 9 ref

017096   Gaikwad A;Jeevane P (NO, , ) : Harmonic compensation in grid interconnected DG units by closed loop control. J Pwr Elect Pwr Syst 2017, 7(1), 9-17.

This paper deals with improvement of power quality problem namely harmonic problem using distributed generation as their source of electricity. The harmonics occur in such a system because of the - 299 - nature of loads connected. There are many power quality problems out of which harmonics normally caused by non-linear loads like variable frequency drives, fluorescent lightning, office computers etc, have adverse effects on the power quality. Also, harmonic detection and prediction is of utmost importance because it can cause electrical noise, sensitive equipment malfunctioning, tripping of circuit breakers etc. Reduction of harmonics is considered very important for the proper functioning of the customer equipments. There may be many harmonic mitigation techniques including active and passive methods, and choosing the best method out of it may be a challenging task. Proposed method is for single phase inverter far DG systems that requires power quality features like harmonic and its compensation for grid connected operation. Here simulation results in DG and grid connected mode is shown. An active harmonic compensation technique by using current controlled technique has been discussed in this paper, which is basically a closed loop control technique which will eliminate the DG current tracking errors. The effectiveness of the harmonic compensation scheme developed has been verified by the simulation and hardware developed for 1-phase system. The harmonics caused by the non linear loads has been compensated by using closed loop control, in which the harmonic current frequency variation is taken as closed loop or given as a feedback to the microcontroller, which in turns gives the pulses to the driver circuit and the driver circuit gives the switching pulses to the gate of the mosfets, which is known as PWM technique and this is how harmonics are eliminated in the system. The simulation has been carried out in Matlab 2013. The simulation deals with the PQ theory based PI controller which minimizes the harmonics generated by non-linear loads. The simulation and hardware results obtained validate this technique.

017095   Gaikwad A;Jeevane P (NO, , ) : Review: distribution generation and islanding. J Pwr Elect Pwr Syst 2016, 6(2), 45-54.

The demand for distributed generation (DG) has increased in recent years and many countries across the world are adopting it clue to various factors such as improvements in technologies including renewable energy sources and the efficiency it provides. However, islanding delection is of prime importance as it can be hazardous to the maintenance workers. The increasing use of distributed generation causes more number of parameters to be controlled for the proper functioning of the utility. Formation of islands is a problem in such type of generation. This paper gives a review on a brief introduction on islanding, its types, reasons for formation of islands, challenges and the recent techniques available for islanding detection with its comparison so as to avoid complete grid failure.

^iia

017094   Farisha P P (NO, , ) : Wideband bandstop filter using triangular SRR-DGS. J Elect Des Technol 2017, 8(1), 11-16.

This article presents a dumbbell shaped triangular Split Ring Resonator (SRR) in the design of wideband bandstop filter. Initially, a conventional dumbbell shaped triangular Defective Ground Structure (DGS) is used to realize the single bandstop filters at the frequency of 3.55 GHZ. This triangular shaped DGS structure is modified to a new structure to realize a wideband bandstop filter characteristics with the frequency range of 3.3GMz to 4.5GHz which can be suitable for wireless applications. The proposed filter has low insertion loss in the passband, sharp and wide rejection in (he stopband and compact size compared to the conventional triangular DGS structure.

017093   Fantin Irudaya Raj E (NO, , ) : Available transfer capability (ATC) under deregulated environment. J Pwr Elect Pwr Syst 2016, 6(2), 85-8.

The structure of the power industry is moving towards deregulated environment from the regulatory environment (monopoly). With deregulation taking place in the power industry it introduces a more competitive environment in terms of free choice of suppliers for the trading of electricity. Monopolies of an industry will lead to a poor performance from the sector as there are no competitions for the sole company to strive for improvement. It will result in poor market structure for the particular industry. Under deregulated environment, there are many technical issues need to he addressed. In this paper, one issue namely 'available transfer capability (ATC) ' is considered. ATC can be well-defined as a measure of the power - 298 - transfer capability remaining in the physical transmission network for additional commercial goings-on over and above the already committed usages. It can he influenced by a number of aspects such as system generation dispatch, system load level, load distribution in the network, power transjer between areas and the limit enforced on (he transmission network due to thermal, voltage and stability considerations. The computation of ATC is very important to the transmission system, security and market forecasting. While the power marketers are focusing on fully utilizing the transmission system, engineers are disquiet with the transmission system security as any power transfers over the limit might outcome in system instability. One of the aims of this thesis is to increase the power transfer capability- between two parts of the system. ATC can be calculated using a simple and non-iterative method for a transmission system using a set of distribution factors. Sets of the power transfer distribution factors (PTDF) have been obtained using the sensitivity-based approach. This approach is well suited for both normal and contingency operation. In this paper, only line flow limits have been taken to calculate ATC.

017092   Ebrahim A;Ebrahim A;Murphy G (NO, , ) : Control of a grid-connected variable speed permanent magnet synchronous generator based wind power generation system. J Pwr Elect Pwr Syst 2016, 6(2), 8-24.

Variable speed wind turbines are more efficient compared to their fixed speed counterparts since maximum power is extracted over a wide range of wind speeds. In this work a grid-connected wind power generation system is modeled and implemented in Mallab/Simulink using a permanent magnet synchronous generator. A hack to back space vector pulse width modulated voltage source converter converts the variable frequency generator currents and voltages into DC, then back to fixed frequency currents and voltages suitable for grid integration. The grid is operated at unity power factor and Us active and reactive powers are both controlled.

017091   Charan Sekhar M;Daingade J;Shinde S;More A; Kulkarni S;Patil R (NO, , ) : Wireless annunciator window for substation application with GSM facility. J Pwr Elect Pwr Syst 2017, 7(1), 22-7.

The work aim is to understand and design of wireless communication between annunciator window and circuit breaker, relay, transformers etc.. are located in switchyard for Power Substation. The wireless communication methods are more reliable, convenient and economical, faster as compared to the actual wire communication system. In our project we used a GSM system for sending wireless signal to the Annunciator window. GSM system supports to transfer the information over a long distance without use of electrical conductor or wire. It provides more, flexibility and continues to play a significant role in the modernization. Using this GSM technology we get correct information on our mobile phone also. This helps when operator is long away from substation so he/she can provide control action from this place to the helper one.

017090   Chandrakar C;Sharma M (Electronics and Telecommunication Dep, Shri Shankaracharaya College of Engineering and Technology, Chhattisga, Bhilai-490 020, Email: chinmay_sscet@yahoo.co.in) : System design approach for heartbeat detection and classfication of individuals irrespective of their physical condition. Curr Sci 2017, 112(9), 1915-20.

In an electrocardiogram (ECG), the heartbeat feature QRS is an important parameter for analysis in any heartbeat classification automated diagnosis system. In this communication the method which we have proposed is by using the counter which is used in par-allel. The first level is detection of heartbeats, which uses hashing of ECG features. In the second level, the profiler profiles a person's regular and irregular ECG characteristic behaviour. The proposed method works on data related - 297 - with ECG, instead of particular fea-tures of ECG. Because of parallel processing, data storage unit requirements and the processing time are less. The dependent values in the proposed method vary according to the changes in the ECG waveform. Such type of analysis is suitable for detection of heart disease. The most significant application of such char-acteristic plotting is to generate an alert signal for ir-regular ECG behaviour in a person. Such automated system will be useful in remote areas where a cardi-ologist may not be easily available.

2 illus, 5 tables, 31 ref

017089   Chaiyachate P;Dasri T (School of Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Industrial and Technology, Rajamangala Univ of Technology I, Sakon Nakhon, 47160, Thailand, Email: thananchai_dasri@hotmail.com) : Optical absorption and scattering properties of the active layer of perovskite solar cells incorporated silver nanoparticles. Oriental J Chem 2017, 33(2), 807-13.

This article presents the optical properties of pure silver (Ag) nanoparticle embedded in perovskite layer of perovskite solar cells using the discrete dipole approximation method (DDA). The influences of the Ag nanosphere size,shapes, and direction of the polarization direction of incident light respect to the particle axis on the absorption and scattering efficiencieson the localizedsurface plasmon resonance (LSPR) were investigated. For the single Ag nanoparticle, the calculated absorption and scattering spectra with increasing Ag diameter from 10 to 40 nm, both absorption and scattering resonance peaks were found at the position of around 624 nm. However, the optical efficiencies increases furtherwith increasing the particle size up to 40 nm. For the optical properties of the two Ag nanoparticles with fixed 20 nm diameter and varying inter-particles spacing, the aligning particles perpendicular to both the propagation and polarization direction of light the increasing of the inter-particles spacing produces theshorter wavelength shift of the position peaks. In contrast, aligning particles perpendicular to the propagation direction and parallel to the polarization direction of light they were slightly shiftedto longer wavelength as the inter-particles spacing increase. Finally for single Ag nanowire with varying the length of nanowire from 36.88 to 104.40 nm, both the absorption andscattering efficiencies peaks position get longer wavelength linearly shifted when the particlesaxis was aligned perpendicular to the propagation direction and parallel to the polarization direction of light. However, they shift to shorter wavelength when the particlesaxis was aligned both perpendicular to the propagation direction and the linear polarized light.

5 illus, 26 ref

017088   Celik Y H;Karabiyik A (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Faculty of Engineering-Architecture, Batman Univ, Turkey, Email: yahyahisman@gmail.com) : Effect of cutting parameters on machining surface and cutting tool in milling of Ti-6A1-4V alloy. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2016, 23(5), 349-56.

Nowadays, materials with lower weight and higher strength are preferred in many fields, such as aerospace, chemical industry and medicine industry. However, these materials are quite difficult to machine. Therefore, in this study, the effects of cutting parameters on cutting force, tool wear and surface roughness are investigated during milling of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy having low weight and high strength. For this purpose, this alloy milled under dry cutting conditions by using 8 mm diameter TiN coated high speed steel (HSS) and tungsten carbide (WC) end mills at different cutting parameters (0.05, 0.075 and 0.1 mm/rev feed rates, 5, 10 and 15 m/min cutting speeds and 2 mm depth of cut) on the computer numerical control (CNC) vertical machining centre. Cutting force, tool wear and surface roughness increase when feed rate is increased for both cutting tool. With increasing cutting speed, contrary to increase in tool wear, cutting force and surface roughness reduced. Maximum - 296 - cutting force values for TiN coated HSS and WC end mills are obtained as 599 N and 197 N, respectively, in same the cutting parameters. Maximum tool wear values for TiN coated HSS and WC end mills are measured as 0.249 mm and 0.109 mm, respectively, in maximum cutting parameters. Surface roughness obtained from WC end mills was found to be better than those of TiN coated HSS end mills.

9 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

017087   Burmawi;Jamarun N;Arief S;Gunawarman (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Bung Hatta Univ, Padang, Indonesia, Email: novesar@unand.ac.id) : Strength of material hap-borosilicate and their sintering behaviors. Oriental J Chem 2017, 33(2), 920-4.

The high strength of hydroxyapatite is required for biomedical applications. Silicon (Si) and Boron ( Br) are added to get a higher strength material. The mixing process HAp, Si and Br is done by ball milling. This process is followed by the compression with the pressure of 70 kg/cm2 with comparison HAp: Si,Br = 85:15, 90:10 and 95: 5. Finally the mixture is sintered at temperatures of 1000°C. The material is characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The hardness of their sample is determined by vickers hardness test. The compressive strength is measured by compression universal test machine. The maximum hardness is obtain for composition of 85:15 that is 47,3 Vickers Hardness Number (VHN) with maximum compressive strength of 3.48 MPa. So it was concluded that Si and Br can be improve the strength of bio composite hydroxyapatite.

6 illus, 21 ref

017086   Bhongade S;Verma L (NO, , ) : Optimal placement and location of phasor measurement unit considering bus voltage using genetic algorithm. J Pwr Elect Pwr Syst 2016, 6(2), 74-84.

This paper presents a procedure by which new PMU locations can be symmetrically determined in order to fender an observable system. Monitoring and supervision of power systems are provided by the control centre, whose role is the design, coordination and network management. In this paper, an attempt has been made to control technique based on the implantation of measurement units at the network buses. A proposed methodology makes the system completely observable and calculates the optimal number of PMUs. In addition, the two different procedures have been applied to solve the PMU placement problem. One is an integer based programming (IP) method and the other one is a Genetic Algorithm (GA). A comparative study has been done by implementing both the methods to find the optimal number of PMUs. Once an optimal number of PMUs have been available, a load flow has been performed to know the bus voltage magnitude, if the bus voltage magnitude is within safe limit then the corresponding PMU will be operate otherwise not. The proposed methodology has been success/ally implemented on three IEEE test systems.

017085   Bertrand M L;Mbihi J;Nneme L N (NO, , ) : FPGA-based multichannel digital duty-cycle modulation and application to simultaneous generation of analog signals. J Elect Des Technol 2017, 8(1), 23-35.

The DCM (duty-cycle modulation) is used in industrial electronics as a special technique for producing switching time-varying periodic waves, with variable pulse width and modulation period. As an implication, unlike the fixed period of a PWM wave, the cyclic ratio of a DCM signal changes as a function of the modulating input according to a known function. However, most existing research works related to DCM-based instrumentation systems, are limited to single-channel contexts. In this paper, a multichannel DDCM (Digital Duty-Dycle Modulation) scheme is developed. It consists of an extended pre-computed DDCM data map which significantly reduces the overall DSP (digital signal processing) time, and a piece of dual DDCM counting logic with a downstream zero order holder per analog channel. It is used to build a well tested 4-channel FPGA-based signal generator with 10-12 bits resolution.

017084   Baroiu N;Teodor V G;Berbinschi S;Susac F; Oancea N (Manufacturing Engineering Dep, "Dunarea de Jos" Univ of Galati, 800201, Romania, Email: virgil.teodor@ugal.ro) : New sharpening method and the behaviour of the multi-flute twist drill with curved cutting edge in machining operations. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2016, 23(5), 357-69.

Twist drills with variable cutting edge angle, decreasing from axis to periphery, ensure evenly distributed energetic load per unit length of the cutting edge. This has a positive impact on the cutting capabilities of the tool. The present paper proposes a new model of the twist drill with three flutes and variable cutting edge angle along the major cutting edge. For this type of tool, the major cutting edge is an arc. Increasing the number of the drill's cutting lips improves the cylindricity of the machined hole. Subsequently, a new hyperboloidal sharpening method was created by analyzing the variation of the flank angle along the major cutting edge and the helical flute shape. Drills with three curved cutting edges, made of high speed steel (HSS), are tested under the same working conditions as standard drills, taking into account the main flank face wear - the V_B criterion, the roughness of the machined surface - the R_a criterion, and the values of the axial force and torque for the machining of A570 carbide steel. Drills with three curved cutting edges have improved durability compared to standard drills. Our tests show that the roughness of the machined surface is improved for drills with curved cutting edges. Based on our observations, curved cutting edges lead to a reduced value of the axial force but to an increased value of the torque.

17 illus, 7 tables, 16 ref

017083   Aziz A;Khan A (NO, All Saints College of Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, Email: atifaziz82@gmail.com) : Application of design structure matrix to optimize various powertrain attributes of a vehicle. Ultra Scient phys Sci-Sect B 2017, 29(1-4), 46-53.

In ever increasing competition in the automotive sector, there is a growing need to reduce the vehicle development time and bring new vehicles to market much faster and first time right with the desired attributes in order to retain the competitive advantage. Powertrain systems engineering is an important area which affects many critical Vehicle attributes perceived by the customer. Most of these powertrain attributes often impose conflicting requirements on the Powertrain design parameters. These conflicts are most often realized at a very late stage of the vehicle development which results in rework and delays as currently there is no Process available to optimize the Powertrain attributes quite early in the program In this paper, few key Powertrain attributes are shortlisted to demonstrate the new approach for powertrain multi-attribute target development for vehicle integration. A design structure matrix (DSM) provides a simple, compact, and visual representation of a complex system that supports innovative solutions to decomposition and integration problems¹¹. A Design Structure - 294 - Matrix is created for the Powertrain attributes to demonstratevarious interactions among powertrain attributes and balance the Targets. This Research paper aims to develop and demonstrate Powertrain attributes Design Structure Matrix as a new approach for powertrain multi-attribute target development and balancing for vehicle integration.

7 illus, 12 ref

017082   Alabyev V R;Korshunov G I (NO, Saint-Petersburg Mining University, 2, 21st Line, Saint Petersburg 199 106, Russian Federation, Email: avr.09@mail.ru) : Improving methods for calculating air temperature in mine workings equipped with cold water pipelines. Ecol Envir Conserv 2017, 23(1), 444-50.

Mining in high temperature conditions may lead to deterioration of miners' health and lower productivity. In recent years, refrigeration equipment has been increasingly used in coal mines in Russia and Ukraine to improve temperature conditions in working places. This is largely because in the last decade new models of mine refrigeration equipment have been designed. The existing methods of calculating cooling loss in cold water pipelines are imperfect as they suggest calculating mass-transfer coefficient by using empirical dependence, without considering real humidity conditions in mine workings, which results in significant errors. In order to calculate the temperature of cold water in mine air-conditioning systems the heat balance equation was used, which included the cooling loss to the environment. The mass-exchange processes, including the pipeline surface mass-exchange, were calculated by setting the patterin of changes in relative humidity along the whole length of the mine working. The calculated dependences for the air temperature in mine workings that consider the cooling loss from cold water pipelines were corrected, and calculating methods were recommended. In order to assess the reliability of calculation of cold water temperature in mine workings equipped with cold water pipelines, experimental research in the mine was carried out. The experimental data were compared to the calculation results. It has been proved that the calculated air and cold water temperature comply satisfactorily with field observation data and could be recommended for practical use.

3 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

016231   Yoshimura S;Yamada T (Systems Innovation Dep, School of Engineering, The Univ of Tokyo, Japan, Email: yoshi@sys.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp) : Parallel partitioned simulations of real - 298 - word's coupled problems. Proc Indian Natn Sci Acad 2016, 82(2), 147-62.

Authors have been developing a parallel partitioned simulation system to solve large scale real world's coupled problems. This paper describes some key technologies of the system, and demonstrates its practical performance and effectiveness through solving various kinds of real world's problems.

23 illus, 2 tables, 45 ref

016230   Yavuz I;Yavuz A;Baspinar M S;Bayrakceken H (Automotive Engineering Dep, Faculty of Technology, Afyon Kocatepe Univ, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey, Email: iyavuz@aku.edu.tr) : Compressive properties of syntactic aluminium foams using expanded silica gel. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2016, 23(6), 431-8.

A vacuum casting method was used for the syntactic foam production. A mixed cell structure (containing both open and closed cells) and spherical cell morphology were obtained. The lowest achieved relative density measured was 0.26 for an aluminum matrix sample. The specimens showed typical foam behavior during the compression test. 12.3 and 29.2 MPa maximum plateau stress were measured for aluminum and Al-12Si alloy, respectively. Largest densification strain of 40% was measured. Under constant process parameters, the density of the metal foam depends largely on the initial bead density, which is in turn strongly dependent on the expansion process. Because of the fast reduction reaction of SiO2 by aluminum, the bead properties (outer shell thickness) should be controlled during the expansion process. The proposed production route has the potential to address the many problematic features of metal foam production, such as unpredictable foam properties and cell structure, as well as to eliminate the need for complex and costly production processes. The novel metallic foam cells produced had the potential to allow for new designs in heat sink, storage and regeneration applications.

8 illus, 3 tables, 27 ref

016229   Xu F;Yang C;Guo Y;Wang T;Wang L;Zhang P (State Key Laboratory of Geomachanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China, Email: ucaxsf@163.com) : Effect of confining pressure on the mechanical properties of thermally treated sandstone. Curr Sci 2017, 112(6), 1101-6.

To understand the effect of confining pressure on the mechanical properties of thermally treated coarse sandstone, uniaxial and triaxial compression tests were conducted for six groups of thermally treated sandstone from Xujiahe Formation in southwestern China under confining pressures of 0-40 MPa. The test results indicate that 600°C is a critical threshold of the thermal damage of sandstone by SEM and mechanical tests. When temperature is below 600°C, few micro cracks are observed by SEM. Peak strength, elastic modulus, cohesion and internal friction angle remain constant or increase with increasing temperature and all these values decrease when temperature is above or equal to 600°C under different confining pressures. Under the uniaxial and low confining pressure (≤ 5 MPa), the failure mode shows single or multiple splitting planes and it is easier to generate complex cracks with increasing temperature. Under high confining pressure (10-40 MPa), the failure mode shows a simple shear plane after treatment at different temperatures, i.e. 25-1000°C. The results may provide guidance for rock engineering design after high temperature exposure.

11 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

016228   Wibowo W A;Pranolo S H;Wijayanta A T (Chemical Engineering Dep, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl Ir Sutami No. 36A Surakartaq, Indonesia-57126, Email: wusanaagung@staff.uns.ac.id) : Reducing gasoline specific consumption in dual-fuel electricity generation by using combustible gas from rice husk gasification. J scient ind Res 2017, 76(4), 223-8.

Using air gasification process, rice husk is attractive to be converted into combustible gas mixture which contains mainly CO, H₂, and several hydrocarbon substances. The gas is possible for fueling gasoline engine generator to generate electricity in dual-fuel operation mode, while partially substitutes the gasoline consumption. Obviously, it will influence the generator's performance. This research reports the gasoline consumption savings in dual-fuel operation of electricity generation at different electricity loads. The gas flowrate was limited with the engine vibration level. A small scale air-blown downdraft gasifier converted rice husk at maximum capacity of 1 kg/h to the gas. A 1 kWe gasoline engine generator was used for this operation. At electricity load of 0.92 kVA in dual-fuel operation, the saving of gasoline (L/kVAh) attained 20.9% and the thermal system energy efficiency was about 11%. In this case, the producer gas flow rate was 1.84 L/s^-1 and Specific Gasification Rate(SGR) was 81.53 kg/(m².h). The energy equivalent was 4.6 kg rice husk/L - 297 - gasoline or 0.7 kg rice husk/kVAh.

4 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

016227   Wang C;Xia H;Zhou L (NO, College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Human Univ, Changsha, 410082, China, Email: 853200447@qq.com) : Implementation of a new memristor-based multiscroll hyperchaotic system. Pramana J Phys 2017, 88(2), 117-123.

In this paper, a new type of flux-controlled memristor model with fifth-order flux polynomials is presented. An equivalent circuit which realizes the action of higher-order flux-controlled memristor is also proposed. We use the memristor model to establish a memristor-based four-dimensional (4D) chaotic system, which can generate three-scroll chaotic attractor. By adjusting the system parameters, the proposed chaotic system performs hyperchaos. Phase portraits, Lyapunov exponents, bifurcation diagram, equilibrium points and stability analysis have been used to research the basic dynamics of this chaotic system. The consistency of circuit implementation and numerical simulation verifies the effectiveness of the system design.

9 illus, 1 table, 21 ref

016226   Verma S;Dewan A (Solid State Physics Laboratory, DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi-110 052, Email: adewan@am.iitd.ac.in) : Solidification with buoyancy induced convection: Evaluation of different mushy zone formulations. Proc Indian Natn Sci Acad 2016, 82(2), 309-19.

A comparative assessment is performed between purely porous formulation of the mushy zone controlled by permeability and the hybrid formulations controlled by both permeability and viscosity of the mushy zone during solidification of a binary alloy. The Darcy's Carman-Kozeny equation is used to model the permeability of the mushy zone in porous formulation for all the models. The first hybrid model employs switching functions to simultaneously control the permeability and - 296 - viscosity of the mushy zone up to a critical solid fraction and thereafter it switches to a purely permeability controlled porous formulation. The second hybrid model assumes mushy zone to be non-newtonian slurry with the liquid viscosity following a power law up to the critical solid fraction and a permeability controlled porous medium thereafter. A two-dimensional computational domain of aqueous ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl-H₂O) solution employing continuum mixture approach is considered for the analysis. Model with purely porous mushy zone formulation showed higher solutal gradients in the mushy zone resulting in higher solutal buoyancy driven convection in mushy zone along with higher bulk macrosegregation effects in comparison to the hybrid models. Both the hybrid models showed potential of capturing the settled free floating particles and broken dendrites with the non-newtonian slurry hybrid model showing potential of capturing the liquidus irregularities.

6 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

016225   Uwaezuoke N;Igwila K C;Onwukwe S I;Obah B (NO, , ) : Optimization of mucuna solannie mud rheological parameters. J Petrol Engng Technol 2017, 7(1), 15-26.

The need to optimize rheological parameters by the use of appropriate techniques is the best consideration in drilling mud rheology studies. Various methods are used considering experience on the side of the user, available methods, and flow in pipe or annulus and depending on whether study is done in the field or for research purposes. Mucuna solannie is a legume, and the seed is a viscosifier used in foods in some parts of Africa. M. solannie mud is a new mud formulation from biomaterials, with VI, solannie as the viscosifier, proposed as a replacement for other muds in terms of cost and efficiency. Solver software was used to determine the optimum rheological parameters, which would assist to select the suitable model for the mud. With Absolute Average Errors of 0.3433 and 0.8856 for unweighted and weighted muds, respectively; Herschel-Bulkley model is the suitable model since it has yield stress as model parameter, and flow behavior indices of 0.4721 and 0.4208 for unweighted and weighted muds, respectively were recorded. SOLVER result is comparable with other known techniques. It proved to be reliable, fast and requires little practice. It is suitable for engineering and research applications. The mud might be suitable for tophole sections due to high yield of M. solannie and presence of calcium.

016224   Upadhyay V J;Pandya A S (NO, , ) : Evaluation algorithm for discrimination between fault and power swing using independent component analysis. J Pwr Elect Pwr Syst 2016, 6(3), 53-9.

The analysis of faults and disturbances in power systems is a basic requirement for a secure and reliable electrical power supply. Independent component analysis (ICA) is an efficient computational method used to find out hidden components in a set of sampled data. The basic target of ICA is to find a linear representation and relation between nongaussian data captured during disturbance, so that the components are statistically independent, or as independent as possible. This paper explains the application of ICA as an abrupt change detection technology to detect the abrupt changes in segmented current and voltage signals, which are recorded during fault or disturbance. Also show how the detected abrupt change in signal segment is discriminated in fault and power swing.

016223   Teimoori M;Edjtahed S H;Nasar A H (NO, , ) : Design and simulation of Z-source inverter fed brushless DC motor drive suppled with fuel cell for automotive applications. J Pwr Elect Pwr Syst 2016, 6(3), 60-71.

This paper presents design and simulation of Z-source inverter fed brushless DC motor drive supplied with fuel cell for automotive applications. The brushless DC (BLDC) motor are used due to many advantages such as high efficiency, high torque, high reliability, high-power density, lower maintenance compared to other motors in electric transport applications. The BLDC motor drive is with voltage source inverter (VS1) or current source inverter (CSI) because of low efficiency, high thermal loss, and inductor and capacitor large values inherently unreliable. Also shoot-through in DC bus in VSI and open circuit in DC link in CSI causes damage to the power source connected to the inverter, such as fuel cells, solar cells or the battery. In VSI and CSI are for increasing and decreasing the output voltage needs to separate DC-DC Buck and Boost converter. But their disadvantages have been overcome in the Z-source inverter using two inductors and capacitors. Also the Z-source inverter has inherent protection against shoot-through in the DC bus and boost voltage ability. In this paper the BLDC motor drive supplied to the fuel cell via a Z-source inverter are designed and evaluated. The simulation results show that the output voltage of fuel cell less can be settled - 295 - in desired zone with changing capacitors and inductors and operating duty-cycle.

016222   Talreja R (Aerospace Engineering Dep, Texas A&M Univ, College Station, Texas 77843, USA, Email: talreja@tamu.edu) : Multiscale modeling of failure in composite materials. Proc Indian Natn Sci Acad 2016, 82(2), 173-81.

Failure in composite materials is known to initiate at the level of constituents. Further development of the failure process and ultimate failure of the composite structure depend on the fiber architecture and other geometrical details. A composite failure analysis must therefore be at multiple length scales. This paper will outline a multiscale modeling scheme and illustrate the approach with two examples: tensile fiber failure and transverse matrix cracking. For the case of fiber failure, a five-cylinder axisymmetric finite element model containing an initially broken fiber at the center will be used to conduct stress analysis and formation of a failure plane will be simulated by a crack growth procedure. The transverse crack formation will be analyzed as a linking up of fiber-matrix debond cracks. Formation of these cracks will in turn be analyzed by an energy-based criterion. The local scale modeling will take account of the manufacturing induced irregularities and defects by appropriate representation of these in the failure analysis. Finally, an assessment of the multiscale approach as a rational alternative to the currently used failure theories, which are formulated on homogenized composites, will be presented and the challenges remaining to address in future will be outlined.

9 illus, 18 ref

016221   Subramani T;Kasiviswanathan S P;Nesna C; Karunanidhi D (Mining Engineering Dep, CEG. Anna Univ, Chennai-600 025, Email: geosubramani@gmail.com) : Demarcation of landslide vulnerable zones in and around Achanakal, South India using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Indian J Geomar Sci 2017, 46(2), 365-70.

The study attempted in Kattery watershed, Nilgiris District, Tamil Nadu, India where a major landslide occurred - 294 - on 9th November 2009. Various thematic maps pertaining to landslide hazard studies were prepared from the toposheets and satellite imageries using Geographical Information System (GIS). Landslide hazard zonation map of Kattery watershed was prepared by assigning proper weights and ranks for various themes. The north eastern and southwestern part of Kattery watershed is more vulnerable to landslides and the southeastern part is less vulnerable.

10 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

016220   Sircar A;Sahajpal S;Yadav K (NO, , ) : Challenges & issues in natural gas distribution industry. J Petrol Engng Technol 2017, 7(2), 1-8.

Natural Gas Distribution or City Gas Distribution (CGD) in India is at a nascent stage. Before the establishment of Petrolium and Natural Gas Regulatory Board (PNGRB), the sector was instructured and direction less at time. With the formation of PNGRB the safety practices of CGD business were looked into and guidelines were framed. However, the initial legal disputes within PNGRB retarded the growth. The first three bidding rounds in the sector brought out many issues and challenges. The CGD entities along with PNGRB tried to resolve the issues but some of them still remain unsolved in the fourth, fifth and sixth bidding rounds. The allocation priority of gas in this sector over power and fertilizer definitely boosted the sector considerably. In this paper an attempt has been made to analyze the CGD sector, dissect the problems faced by the governemt. CGD entities, vendors, third party service providers, consumers and market. The analysis is narrated under various macro headings and subpoints are described in order to show the effect of the same on the sector. The challenges revolve around issues affecting project Internal Rate of Return (IRR), project investment rate of return, market exclusivity, gas allocation, gas availability issues, logistic and manpower issues. The influence of the sector on customer base, tariff recovery mechanism, innovations, finance and health, safety and environment (HSE) is also discussed in this paper.

016219   Singh A V;Raj V (Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Western Univ, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B9, Email: avsingh@uwo.ca) : Numerical studies of piezoelectric composites using NURBS for geometry and field functions. Proc Indian Natn Sci Acad 2016, 82(2), 361-7.

This paper deals with the response studies of piezoelectric sandwich composites by the energy method. The equation of motion is deduced from the principles of minimum potential energy. To do this displacement and electrical fields are required as a priori. Hence, the above said field functions are described by Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS) in two and three dimensional domains and applied against static and free vibration analyses of thin and very thick sandwich plates and piezoelectric prismatic bar. Nonlinear variation of the electric potential is considered through the thickness and modelled by a discrete layer-wise linear scheme. The present formulation is successfully validated against a finite element code.

2 illus, 4 tables, 20 ref

016218   Siddaiah N;Manjusree B;Aditya A L G N;Reddy D V R K (ECE Dep, KL Univ, Green Fields, Vaddeswaram-522 502, Email: nalluri.siddu@gmail.com) : Design simulation and analysis of U-shaped and rectangular MEMS based triple coupled cantilevers. J scient ind Res 2017, 76(4), 235-8.

In this paper, authors have proposed a new shape Micro-Electromechanical Systems (MEMS) based triple coupled Cantilever sensor, named as U-Shaped Cantilever. We have designed and simulated a U-Shaped MEMS based micro-cantilever made up of P-Silicon (Polycrystalline, Lightly doped) in COMSOL multiphysics. U-Shaped single beam Cantilever is designed with the dimensions of 100μm*20μm*2μm. U-shaped triple coupled Cantilever is designed with the dimensions of 20μm*120μm*2μm, - 293 - 100μm*20μm*2μm. The simulation results like displacement, Eigen-frequency, surface stress, temperature, measurements of the U-shaped triple coupled cantilever is compared with rectangular triple coupled cantilever.

3 illus, 3 tables, 13 ref

016217   Seetharamy K N;Spandana K R;Parikshit B (Mechanical Engineering Dep, PES Univ, Bangalore-560 085, Email: knseetharamu@yahoo.com) : Clean water and clean energy production: Simulation using finite element method. Proc Indian Natn Sci Acad 2016, 82(2), 301-7.

One Dimensional Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to develop an analysis model for Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO), Direct Forward Osmosis (FO) and Reverse Osmosis (RO). A 1 D FEM model is developed and simulated on MATLAB. The predictions of the present method are compared with those available in literature, both numerical and experimental. In addition, for the first time in literature, the variation of concentration of solute on the feed and draw side as well as the variation of water permeate flux along the length using the variable mass transfer coefficient is predicted. There is a need to introduce new non-dimensional parameters to make the ε-MTU model a more generalised model (applicable to FO, PRO and RO) and to aid the design of the mass exchangers.

8 illus, 8 ref

016216   Sastry G G;Garg R (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Petroleum and Energy Studies Univ, Dehradun-248 006, Email: ggsastry@gmail.com) : Analysis of single flow line multi stage multi-product pull control systems. J scient ind Res 2017, 76(5), 289-93.

The production control systems in industries become a significant pre-requisite for its success. The pull control systems could be a systematic approach for the effectiveness of production systems. This paper covers the investigation and performance analysis of Constant Work in Process (CONWIP), Kanban Control System (KCS) and Extended Kanban Control System (EKCS) using real time industrial problem. The industry manufactures two gears of different diameters and the demand for each is 20 per day. The CONWIP, KCS and EKCS are modeled as network diagrams in MATLAB-SIMULINK and simulated. The performance of EKCS is optimal as compared to KCS and CONWIP. The EKCS was implemented for one month and the production is increased by 54%.

3 illus, 3 tables, 14 ref

016215   Saryazdi M G (Vehicle Technology Research Institute, Amir Kabir Univ of Technology, 424 Hafez Avenue, Tehran, Iran, Email: mghsaryazdi@aut.ac.ir) : Effect of nonlinearity on unstable zones of Mathieu equation. Pramana J Phys 2017, 88(3), 49-58.

Mathieu equation is a well-known ordinary differential equation in which the excitation term appears as the non-constant coefficient. The mathematical modelling of many dynamic systems leads to Mathieu equation. The determination of the locus of unstable zone is important for the control of dynamic systems. In this paper, the stable and unstable regions of Mathieu equation are determined for three cases of linear and nonlinear equations using - 292 - the homotopy perturbation method. The effect of nonlinearity is examined in the unstable zone. The results show that the transition curves of linear Mathieu equation depend on the frequency of the excitation term. However, for nonlinear equations, the curves depend also on initial conditions. In addition, increasing the amplitude of response leads to an increase in the unstable zone.

11 illus, 8 ref

016214   Santra A K (School of Information Technology and Engineering, VIT Univ, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, Email: ajitkumar@vit.ac.in) : Stochastic multifacility location problem under circular area constraint with euclidean norm. J scient ind Res 2017, 76(5), 279-83.

This investigation is the stochastic version of our previous work in which it is required to find the locations of a number of new facilities in a prescribed circular area constraint around the centre of gravity of a given number of existing facilities where the weights considered in the objective function are the random variables with discrete probabilities and the distance between the facilities is Euclidean. It has been assumed that the existing facilities are of one kind and the new facilities are of different kind with interactions between existing and new facilities as well as amongst new facilities. The stochastic multifacility location problem with circular area constraint has been formulated and solved by using Kuhn-Tucker conditions. A numerical example has also been solved by using the proposed method. Thus the outcome of the present work is a new method of finding the solution of a constrained stochastic multifacility location problem where the existing facilities are of one kind and the new facilities are of different kind.

18 ref

016213   Saied M M (NO, , ) : The frequency characteristics of transformer windings considering the separation-dependence of the inter-turn mutual parameters. J Pwr Elect Pwr Syst 2016, 6(3), 72-81.

The paper presents a direct method for the determination of the frequency characteristics of transformer windings. The dependence of both the inter-turn mutual inductances and capacitances on the separation between these winding turns is taken into consideration. From measured data available in (he literature, a formula for this dependence is derived. The voltage and current, distributions along the winding will be governed by two integro-differential equations in terms of the location along the winding and the frequency. A direct solution of these equations will be presented. It doesn't require any numerical iterative techniques or finite difference analyses. The frequency response, including the series and parallel resonance frequencies as well as the winding's frequency-dependent input impedance for sample case studies are presented and discussed. Different transformer's neutral treatments are addressed. These results are compared with the corresponding ones ignoring the non-uniformity of the mutual elements. In order to validate the proposed method, the paper is concluded by addressing special cases with known exact solutions.

016212   Roy S;Mannan M A (NO, , ) : Design of a closed loop boost converter with parametric variation analysis of PI controller for constant output voltage applications. J Pwr Elect Pwr Syst 2016, 6(3), 1-13.

The DC-DC converters have an unregulated input dc voltage and a constant or regulated output dc voltage. Switching DC-DC voltage converters have two elements: A controller and a power stage. The power stage regulates the switching elements and converts input voltage to output voltage. The controller controls the switching operation to regulate the output voltage. The two systems are linked by a feedback loop that compares the actual output voltage witli the desired output to derive the error voltage. This paper will focus on modeling, analysis, design and simulation of DC-DC boost converter architecture and will present an optimized controller for constant voltage applications. The constant output applications have been established by using pulse width modulation (PWM) with a proportional-integral (PI) controller. PI Controller is the most widely used controller in various industrial & technological applications. Here, trial and error method is used to set the controller parameters & to get constant outputs. The calculations of the boost converter have been examined through simulation results using MATLAB Simulink.

016211   Rawat A;Matsagar V;Nagpal A K (PhD Research Scholar, Civil Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110 016, Email: angupta2001@gmail.com) : Finite element analysis of thin circular cylindrical shells. Proc Indian Natn Sci Acad 2016, 82(2), 349-59.

Free vibration finite element (FE) analysis of thin circular cylindrical shells is investigated. The circular cylindrical shell can vibrate in different modes and theoretically infinite modes are possible. The axial mode, m and circumferential mode, n, in any of their combinations define the modes and the corresponding modal frequencies. The shell elements are used to model the thin circular cylindrical shells. The eigenvalues of the shell are extracted using block Lanczos iteration method. Detailed mesh convergence studies are performed for different height or length to radius (H/R) ratios. Importantly, selection of appropriate FE mesh size criteria based on the perimeter and height of the circular cylindrical shell, as well as thickness to radius (h/R) ratio are shown for various boundary conditions. The modal frequencies of the cylindrical shell are investigated for different boundary conditions such as clamped-clamped (C-C), clamped-free (C-F), and simply-supported - simply-supported (S-S). The effects of height to radius (H/R) ratio and thickness to radius (h/R) ratio on the modal frequencies of the cylindrical shells are also studied. For all the considered boundary conditions, the modal frequencies of the cylindrical shells increase with higher circumferential mode number and also with the increase in the h/R ratio. The modal frequencies are observed to be the lowest in the case of the C-F boundary condition of the shell.

7 illus, 2 tables, 28 ref

016210   Rajesh Kumar;Ramachandra L S;Banerjee B (Civil Engineering Dep, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721 302, Email: lsr@civil.iitkgp.ernet.in) : Nonlinear stability characteristics of composite cylindrical panel subjected to non-uniform in-plane mechanical and localized thermal loadings. Proc Indian Natn Sci Acad 2016, 82(2), 271-88.

The non-linear stability analysis of composite cylindrical panel subjected to concentrated in-plane mechanical and localized thermal loadings are reported here. The buckling of composite panel subjected to concentrated in-plane mechanical loading/localized thermal loading is solved in two steps as the prebuckling stress distribution within the panel is not known a priori. In the first step, the semi-analytical expressions for the pre-buckling stresses within the composite cylindrical panel under in-plane mechanical/ thermal loadings are developed by solving in-plane elasticity/thermoelasticity problem. Subsequently, using these in-plane stresses within the cylindrical panel, the governing equations for nonlinear stability of layered composite panel are formulated using variational principle. The cylindrical panel is modeled based on Donnell's shallow shell theory considering higher order shear deformation theory and incorporating von-Karman geometric - 290 - nonlinearity. The Galerkin's method is used to solve the non-linear governing partial differential equations. The influence of different types of mechanical and thermal loadings, initial geometric imperfections, and radius of curvature on the postbuckling equilibrium paths is investigated.

11 illus, 18 ref

016209   Rajendra K;Balaji R;Mukul P (Civil Engineering Dep, IIT Bombay, Mumbai-400 076, Email: rbalaji@iitb.ac.in) : Review of Indian research on innovative breakwaters. Indian J Geomar Sci 2017, 46(3), 431-52.

In this paper, a detailed review of Indian research studies on the development of innovative breakwaters is attempted. Historical studies by Indian researchers and scientists were collected and classified in to two broad categories; fixed and floating breakwaters. The first part, Part I, discusses the studies pertaining to different types of fixed breakwaters, whereas, the Part II describes the studies related to floating breakwaters.

^iia34 illus, 113 ref

016208   Pujara R M;Vibhakar C K (NO, , ) : Performance evaluation of brushless DC motor during sinusoidal and trapezoidal back-EMF waveform. J Pwr Elect Pwr Syst 2016, 6(3), 14-22.

Due to increasing popularity and wide application in the drive system BLDC motor is widely used. An undesirable signal in the brushless dc motor is a ripple in torque, which is in challenging motor control and some machine tools. This article represents the performance evolution of BLDC motor by using the sinusoidal and trapezoidal hack EMF waveform for getting the efficient operation of BLDC motor drives. In sinusoidal back EMF waveform requires sinusoidal flux density; it also requires the high-resolution rotor position sensors. In trapezoidal back EMF waveform, it requires lower resolution sensor. Non-ideal properties of any source causes either phase current or back EMF waveform to depart from their entirely sinusoidal waves, which will typically give rise to an undesired pulsating torque components. In current waveform actually, inverter contribute to the torque ripple owing to the lime harmonics. BLDC motor is an actually electronic commutated motor. Torque control is accomplished by challenging the back EMF waveform. BLDC motor is powered by the semiconductor devices such that MOSFET. The corresponding results have been comparing using MATLAB/SIMULINK.

016207   Prakash A;Murthy V M S R (NO, CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Dhanbad-826 015, Email: amar_cmri@yahoo.co.in) : Hierarchy of parametrrs influencing cutting performance of surface miner through artificial intelligence and statistical methods. Curr Sci 2017, 112(6), 1242-9.

Applicability of a surface miner (SM) must be based on a careful assessment of intact rock and rock mass properties. A detailed literature review was made to identify different parameters influencing the performance of various types of cutting machines deployed in different parts of the world. The critical parameters influencing the production, diesel consumption and pick consumption of SM in Indian coal and limestone mines, were identified through artificial neural network (ANN) technique and screened by correlation coefficient analysis. Parameters that were common in both ANN and correlation analysis were grouped under - 289 - critical category and others in semicritical category.

9 illus, 5 tables, 42 ref

016206   Pedram F;Erfan A;Hassan Z (Electrical Engineering Dep, International Univ of Imam Khomeini, Ghazvin, Iran, Email: erfan.azn@gmail.com) : Reduced-order optimal controller design for an underwater glider. Indian J Geomar Sci 2017, 46(3), 545-60.

Present study aims to design optimal controllers based on full and reduced-order models of hybrid-driven, buoyancy-propelled underwater Glider. After establishing the glider's mathematical model and linearizing it about the steady glide path, it is reduced to a lower order by balanced realization method. Then, optimal controllers are designed using Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) scheme based on original and reduced-order models to control the glider motion in vertical plane for 35° downward glide path. A satisfactory controllability and tracking is observed from the approximated model controller which confirms the advantageous characteristic of such approximation.

6 illus, 24 ref

016205   Patil K D;Vincent N;Mahesh Kumar B (NO, , ) : Revamp of feed preheat network using aspen hysys in a kero hydrodesulphurization unit. J Petrol Engng Technol 2017, 7(2), 29-38.

The paper is based on the revamp of feed preheat network in a Kero hydro-desulphurization unit. This revamp is beneficial as it does not require additional equipment to raise the feed temperature. Desulphurization of crude is a catalytic process used in oil and gas refining industry to remove sulphur content from refined pertroleum products. Previously, feed was charged from the - 288 - crude distillation unit at 103°C. Due to envisaged changes, the feed is now charged from storage tanks at a temperature of 40°C. This requires a higher feed heater duty or decrease in feed rate. This potential ***underutilization of the unit could impact the product supply from the refienery with negative financial implications. The aim is to preheat the feed at a temperature of 40°C to a temperature of 150°C prior to entering the feed heater. The methodology was to configure the feed preheat network of the unit in Aspen-Hysys as existing to validate the exchanger design with present operating condition and to reconfigure the same feed preheat network to maximise the feed temperature, whilst ensuring sufficient temperature availability at the fractionator inlet for the required performance. Based on the simulation study, it can he concluded that feed could be preheated to the optimum level by reconfiguring the existing heat exchanger network. This configuration would reduce the charge heater duty along with maintaining the required fractionator feed temperature at an optimum level. This approach requires the reconfiguration of the existing streams, without having to involve additional equipment. This paper would give insight on ways in which reconfiguration of existing preheat networks can be carried out without the use of additional equipment and also provide knowledge on methods to utilize energy sources present within the proccess which would lead to financial savings.

016204   Nataraj M;Baskaran G (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu-641 013, Email: m_natanuragct@yahoo.com) : Experimental investigation of misalignment and looseness in rotor bearing system using bartlett power spectral density. J scient ind Res 2017, 76(5), 308-13.

This paper explains Bartlett Power Spectral Density (BPSD) based analysis to identify the faults in a rotor system from spectral density of vibration signal. Misaligned rotor increases vibration and generates abnormal forces at the coupling and transmitted the bearing. In this study, the dynamic response of a rotor bearing system with angular misalignment and looseness are investigated using the BPSD approach. The fault signals are then compared with baseline vibration signals. Angular misalignment was diagnosed from axial vibration and looseness from sub-harmonics signals at 1X, 1-1/2X, 2X, 2-1/2X, 3X.

3 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

016203   Mittal S;Chopra G;Furquan M;Navrose;Kotteda V M K;Varun Bhatt (Aerospace Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Email: smittal@iitk.ac.in) : Finite element computations of complex flows. Proc Indian Natn Sci Acad 2016, 82(2), 385-94.

A brief review of our research activities is presented. Stabilized finite element methods are used to solve two and three-dimensional, unsteady turbulent flows past complex bodies at various Reynolds (Re) and Mach (M) numbers. The stabilized finite element methods that are being used are robust, accurate and able to handle complex geometries including those that deform with time. Flow problems involving fluid-structure interactions as well as aerodynamic shape optimization for superior aerodynamic performance are also presented.

15 illus, 1 table, 20 ref