018123   Gandhi A;Shukla N K (NO, , ) : Reusable verification framework of AMBA AHB-lite protocol using HDVL and UVM. J VLSI Des Tool Technol 2016, 6(2), 62-73.

Huge complexity of chip increased in the past recent years and integration of more number of transistors on a single SoC makes verification of any SoC based design very critical. About 75-80% of the total design cycle time is spent in functional verification. To reduce this time and effort, hardware verification languages came into picture. The most popularly used HVL is system verilog which is - 298 - based on object oriented programming concepts (OOPs). A design can be verified by writing a verification written in system verilog. Basically SV can be used for both design and verification, so it is termed as hardware design and verification language (HDVL). For improved reusability, efficiency and productivity, UVM (Universal Verification Methodology) came into picture, which is widely used in the verification industries nowadays. The work embodied in this paper presents the verification of advanced high performance bus-lite (AHB-Lite), which is the subset of advanced microcontroller bus architecture (AMBA). The verification environments are created using system verilog and UVM; and correspondingly functional coverage is computed for both. The functional coverage was found to be 100% in case of SV and UVM both. Functional and assertion coverage collectively in case of UVM was found to be 92.27%.

018122   Gandhi A (NO, , ) : Functional verification of AMBA AHB-lite using layered testbench technology of system verilog. J VLSI Des Tool Technol 2016, 6(2), 104-12.

Huge complexity of chip increased in the past recent years and integration of more number of transistors on a single SoC makes verification of any SoC based design very critical. Ever increasing complexity and size of designs lead to a number of verification challenges, which are: Productivity, Efficiency, Reusability and Completeness. About 75-80% of the total design cycle time is spent in functional verification. To reduce this time and effort, hardware verification languages came into picture. The most popularly used HVL is System Verilog which is based on Object Oriented Programming concepts (OOPs). A design can be verified by writing a verification written in System Verilog. Basically SV can be used for both design and verification, so it is termed as Hardware Design and Verification Language (HDVL). The work embodied in this paper presents the verification of Advanced High Performance Bus-Lite (AHB-Lite), which is the subset of Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture (AMBA). The verification environment is created using System Verilog; and Functional Coverage is computed to ensure functional correctness of the design. The functional coverage was found to be 100%.

018121   Eswaran M;Athul S;Niraj P;Reddy G R;Ramesh M R (Structural and Seismic Engineering Section, Reactor Safety Div, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400 085, Email: eswarm21@gmail.com) : - 297 - Tuned liquid dampers for multi-storey structure: Numerical simulation using a partitioned FSI algorithm and experimental validation. Sadhana 2017, 42(4), 449-65.

Wind-induced and earthquake-induced vibrations of structures such as super-tall towers and bridges can be efficaciously controlled by tuned liquid dampers (TLDs). This work presents a numerical simulation procedure to study the performance of TLDs-structure system through sigma (σ)-transformation-based fluid-structure coupled solver. For this, a 'C'-based computational code has been developed. The structural equations, which are coupled with the fluid equations in order to achieve the transfer of sloshing forces to structure for damping, are solved by the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method, while the fluid equations are solved using finite-difference-based sigma-transformed algorithm. Different iterative and error schemes are used to optimize the code for larger convergence rate and higher accuracy. For validation, a few experiments are conducted with a three-storey structure using TLDs arrangement. The present numerical results of response of TLD-installed structures match well with the experimental results. The minimum displacement of structure is observed when the resonance condition of the coupled system is achieved through proper tuning of TLDs. Since real-time excitations are random in nature, the performance study of TLDs under random excitation has also been carried out in which the Bretschneider spectrum is used to generate the random input wave.

23 illus, 1 table, 31 ref

018120   Eskandari F;Goharrizi K G;Hooti A (NO, , Rock Mechanics Engineering and Kamran Goshtasbi Goharrizi Dep, Email: eskandarisu@yahoo.com) : Effect of EPB pressure on ground response due to tunneling in a triple junction at Mashhad metro, Iran. Indian J Pwr River Valley Dev 2016, 66(3-4), 49-54.

As urban spaces become more limited, underground facilities such as tunnels are becoming more and more efficient. Control of ground movement around the tunnel are important especially in urban area. In this study effect of EPB pressure investigated on the tunnel face stability, the ground surface settlement and the displacement cross-section station by the excavation of intersection of the triple tunnels of Mashhad Urban Railway in Iran. It was conducted using the finite element (FE) method by ABAQUS. At first, the line 2 (part of this line includes the G2 station) and then the line 3 and 4 respectively were modelled. For each of the lines, the tunnel face displacement, the surface settlement and displacement cross-section station in the different EPB pressures were investigated. It can be concluded that: (i) at a constant EPB pressure, the tunnel face displacement values increase with depth. In addition, the tunnel depth, at the intersection of the tunnels, this value is depended on the primacy of the tunnel excavation; (ii) the surface settlement decreases with increasing EPB pressure on the tunnel face; (in) the displacement cross-section G2 station is the same in the different EPB pressures.

9 illus, 1 table, 23 ref

018119   Cheraghi N;Riley M;Taheri F (Civil and Resource Engineering Dep, Dalhousie Univ, 1360 Barrington Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3J 1Z1, Canada, Email: farid.taheri@dal.ca) : Novel - 296 - approach for detection of damage in adhesively bonded joints in plastic pipes using piezoelectric sensors. Int J appl mathl Analysis Applic 2017, 12(1), 37-53.

The use of dynamic response to identify damage and its location in civil engineering structures has been an increasing research focus in the recent years. Most of the available vibration-based damage assessment methods developed till now require modal properties that are obtained via the traditional Fourier Transform. Unfortunately, the Fourier-based modal properties, such as the natural frequencies, mode shapes, etc., have been reported to be insensitive to structural damage and hence are not regarded as suitable damage indicators. This paper discusses the application of piezoelectric sensors used for evaluation of the integrity of adhesive bonded joints in PVC plastic pipes. A systematic experimental investigation was carried out to demonstrate the integrity of the proposed method in detecting damage in the adhesively bonded joints. Besides the commonly used methods, a newly emerging time-frequency method, namely the Empirical Mode decomposition (EMD), was also employed. Two Novel "Damage indices" were developed based on the evaluation of vibration signal through piezoelectric sensors with the use of the Empirical Mode decomposition and Fast Fourier integration induced energies. The results have been compared to the available damage index method based on the wavelet packet transformation (WPT), which will be used in the literature review. As it will be seen, the damage indices could effectively detect the integrity of adhesively bonded joints. Moreover, the energy indices could distinguish the differences among various loads of debonding in the joints.

9 illus, 6 table, 8 ref

018118   Chen P;Rajagopalan M;Rimali V (NO, Head of Energy Solutions, China, Email: xiaoping.chen@wartrila.com) : Reducing wind curtailment in China with smart power generation: A white paper by wartsila. Indian J Pwr River Valley Dev 2016, 66(5-6), 70-5.

China is focusing strongly on the deployment of wind and solar energy to support global emission reduction targets. However, to fully optimise the output from wind and solar parks, a fundamental change is required to the country's power system operation. With a high proportion of China's wind power located in the north and the north-east, and load centres situated in the south and the south-east, the country recognises the need to transmit clean power through the country. To bridge the geographical divide, the Chinese government has plans to invest at least CNY 2 trillion ($315 bn) in its power grid infrastructure (Reuters 2015). However, relocating power is only part of the solution. Upon arrival to the southern load centres, China's power system must be capable of balancing variable renewable energy. This means thermal generators must switch from typical baseload operations to delivering a flexible and intermittent output that provides power only when wind and solar are not available. To achieve this requires generators with ultra-fast start up times that can provide accurate load-following for variable renewable energy.

6 illus, 5 ref

018117   Chaudhary P;Chadha D (NO, , ) : Designing methodology for identifying different types of influx entering in a well bore during drilling and study of influx behaviour. J Petrol Engng Technol 2016, 6(3), 7-11.

Drillers frequently encounter kick in drilling operations. Kick refers to the unwanted entry of forma on fluid into the well bore. Primary well control and secondary well control arc used to control influx entry into a well during drilling operations. Primary well control refers to making the overbalance by the hydrostatic pressure exerted by drilling fluid on the formation pressure. Secondary well control refers to controlling the kick through the use of BOPs. BOPs consist of annular preventers, pipe ram, shear ram and blind ram. Reservoir fluid entering the well bore during drilling or tripping is called influx, influx encountered in a well bore could be oil. water and gas or their mixture. Behavior of all the influxes is different. For example- if a gas influx is encountered, it percolates upwards in the annulus while if water it there it just mixes with the drilling fluid and causes a reduction in its density. The behavior of gas influx in open well and closed well condition is different and complex, in this paper, the behavior of different types of influxes encountered in a well bore has been thoroughly studied and a methodology for understanding the type of well influx that has entered the well bore has been designed.

018116   Chaudhary K;Meharban M K;Singh M (NO, , ) : Black hole attack in MANET. J Commun Engng Syst 2017, 7(1), 29-37.

Wireless network in today's era is increasing day by day, with the rising need of wireless connectivity the threat of attack on the Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is also increasing. MANET Routing protocols suffer from different kind of attacks on all the layers of protocol stack. One of such attack which occurs at network layer is Black Hole Attack [1], Black hole attack is one of the security issues in MANET, in which the Traffic is redirected to such a node that actually does not exist in the network. This malicious node uses the Routing Protocol to advertise itself as having the shortest path to the node whose packet it want - 295 - to intercept. Once intercepted malicious node attracts the packet towards it and discards the packet without informing the source that the data didn't reach to the intended recipient. Previously, work done on the security issues in MANET were based on Reactive Routing Protocols like AODV, DSR etc. Aim of the study is to analyze the effect of black hole attack on Routing protocol and proposing the feasible solution for the same.

018115   Boafo P A;Kordorwu V;Tetteh J T;Nyarko K O (NO, , ) : Comparative study between smart controls and conventional bottom hole completions. J Petrol Engng Technol 2016, 6(3), 77-89.

This research project made use of Schlumberger's "ECLIPSE 100" reservoir Simulator to predict the performance of a reservoir with an overlying gas cap and an underlying aquifer (i.e.. a three- phase Water-Oil-Gas reservoir) under conventional BHC techniques. Additional work was done to ascertain the suitability of incorporating an Intelligent Well (IW) to deal with water production problem by placing Inflow Control Valves (ICV) at particular segments in the well to monitor and control fluid flow. Comparing BHCs. it was found out that open hole completion yielded the maximum performance whereas gravel pack completion yielded the least. The simulation yielded FOEs of 13.27. 13.04. 13.02 and 12.98% for open hole, eased hole perforated liner and gravel pack completions, respectively. Application of the intelligent well (IW) as opposed to the conventional cased hole well yielded a 4.06% increment in FOE. The project yielded a 41% reduction in water cut by the intelligent well compared to the conventional well. These were ail due to the open-close action of the valves employed in the intelligent well model. This justified the applicability and suitability of intelligent wells in improving oil production by solving unnecessary water production, thus providing better returns on investment.

018114   Benashor R M;Nourian A;Nasr G;Jibrin A A (NO, , ) : Well injectivity management during geological carbon sequestration activity. J Petrol Engng Technol 2016, 6(3), 32-43.

It is well known that the saline aquifer formations are considered very reliable candidates for carbon sequestration because of their wide, availability and they have good storage capacity. Due to high formation salinity, there a big concern about bore formation dry out resulting from the salt precipitation in the form of halite (NaCl). The mutual solubility between CO₂ and brine is responsible for creating the salt deposits, this processes may take place in three ways: (I) when CO₂ dissolves in the brine it increases the brine density; (2) when CO₂ dissolves in the brine it reacts with water ami forms carbonic acid (H₂CO₃ (3) H₂O dissolves or vaporizes info CO₂ stream, removing water from the brine and increasing its salinity; as the salt concentration increases, this leads to dry-out and salting-out. when the brine salinity increases, the dissolution of CO₂ will dissolve. If this phenomenon takes place. it will cause reduction in the well injectivity and this will lead to pressure build lip problems. In oil industry, the formation damage i.e. reduction in the permeability is attributed to the clay swelling when it comes in contact with water. The permeability is an important - 294 - property of porous media, many engineers and geologists intensively studied this property and their main concern is always about the formation damage. In this experimental work. the focus was about the well injectivity und how it can he improved. As mentioned earlier, due to high NaCl concentration, the salt will be precipitated in the near well bore and it will cause reduction in the aquifer permeability and porosity and consequently the well injectivity will be effected. The dilution of aquifer salinity by periodic pumping of the sea water (salinity 3.5%) will assist in improving the well injectivity. In this work, the studied core samples (gray Berea sandstone und Parker sandstone) were saturated with different brine solutions (10, 15, 20 and 26.4%), the core flow tests were carried out for the above mentioned core samples before and after dilution by sea water utilizing the experimental set up (Figure I), and the results are shown in Tables 3-6. It was observed that the dilution by seawater assisted in improving the CO₂ flow rates; this means that the injectivity will he increased. The main objective is to improve the well injectvity and increase the solubility trapping mechanism.

018113   Bashir S;Ahmed S;Kakkar V (NO, , ) : Design and performance trends of low power sigma-delta A/D converters. J VLSI Des Tool Technol 2016, 6(2), 5-12.

Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) act ax the bridge linking the real world and the digital world, i.e., they can covert the analog signal to the digital signal, and hence benefit to the storage, processing and transmission of the data. This paper presents a first of its kind study on the various Sigma-Delta (∑Δ) ADC architectures proposed to achieve low power consumption and their performances have been compared with respect to the parameters such as resolution, sampling frequency, oversampling ratio, signal-to-noise ratio among others. The performance errors invoked in the ∑Δ modulators has also been studied along with their remedies. Finally, trade-offs between various performance parameters and the techniques for reducing power consumption of a ∑Δ converter at high resolution with minimum noise has been presented.

018112   Bashir H;Wang Y;Abbas A J (NO, , ) : Two-phase flow modeling in clay rich shale. J Petrol Engng Technol 2016, 6(3), 44-53.

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) have made huge strides lately and are bit by turning into a pervasive device in science and engineering. In this, paper, we present a new mathematical model which adequately describes single and two-phase flow, which considers relative permeability and capillary pressure in water rich clay shale. Furthermore, we implement the two-phase flow model into COMSOL multiphysics software. From the result analysis, it is concluded that the relative permeability and capillary pressure are important properties which describe the simultaneous movement of water and gas phase in unconventional clay-rich shale.

018111   Bashir H;Wang Y;Abbas A (NO, , ) : Construction assembling of a low cost adsorption apparatus for cored clay shales. J Petrol Engng Technol 2016, 6(3), 54-60.

The secret to unlocking these reserves lies in accurate experimental data which in turn depends on the experimental method used. Recently many procedures such as manometric, volumetric and gravimetric have been developed to quantify adsorption, in this paper, we show how to construct/assemble a simple manometric adsorption apparatus for gas adsorption. The setup is inexpensive and can be built easily using part available in university laboratories. Furthermore, it can be used to measure adsorption capacity of different cored materials using different gases at low pressure (<60> 450 Psia). The laboratorial setup permits the measurement of gas adsorption equilibrium on cored samples with dimensions of 3-inch by 1.5 inch up to 450 Psia at laboratory temperature (23°C), and can also be used at higher - 293 - temperatures (up to 45°C) by using a water bath.

018110   Basak R;Ghosh A;Balow R;Chakraborty S (NO, , 113/3, Dakshindari Road, Dinesh Apartment, Flat - A2/4, Sreebhumi, Kolkata-700 048, Email: basak.raju@yahoo.com) : Protection scheme for a particular plant. Indian J Pwr River Valley Dev 2016, 66(5-6), 65-9.

Power system protection is a branch of electrical engineering which deals with the protection of electrical power systems from faults through the isolation of faulted parts from the rest of the electrical network. The objective of a protection scheme is to keep the power system stable and isolated from the components that are under fault by leaving rest of the network in operation. A proper protection system guarantees reliable and safe operation for a power plant. It is one of the most important factors during system engineering design and must be carefully selected to avoid the damage of the equipment due to failures. In a continuous process plant, where uninterrupted power is necessary in order to avoid delay in production, there should be a good and reliable electrical network and power source with adequate protection for standby capacity. This paper aims to deal with the protection system used in a particular plant to meet the existing as well as additional demand.

2 tables, 9 ref

018109   Asim T;Mishra R (School of Computing and Engineering, Huddersfield Univ, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK, Email: t.asim@hud.ac.uk) : Large-eddy-simulation-based analysis of complex flow structures within the volute of a vaneless centrifugal pump. Sadhana 2017, 42(4), 505-16.

Centrifugal pumps are very common in many fluid handling industrial applications, such as petrochemicals, oil and gas, etc. Although the design practices for centrifugal pumps are well established, efforts are directed towards optimising such systems for better operational efficiencies. In order to optimally design - 292 - centrifugal pumps, it is beneficial to first understand the complex flow phenomena within different sections of the pump for a variety of operating conditions. This is normally achieved through the use of modern techniques, such as Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), where the flow within centrifugal pumps can be numerically modelled and important flow features can be analysed for better understanding of interactions amongst different process variables. CFD offers different turbulence modelling techniques with an aim to predict realistic flow approximations. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) offers a more accurate solution to this, in which the larger eddies are resolved while smaller eddies are modelled; hence predictions using LES are more realistic. Further, in turbulence modelling within centrifugal pumps, it is also important to model the complete interaction amongst different variables rather than a simplistic single blade passage flow analysis. In the present work, the complex blade-tongue interactions and their consequent effects on the pressure fluctuations within the volute have been evaluated. It is seen that the secondary flow features in the near-tongue regions due to blade interactions with the tongue affect the flow characteristics within the volute considerably.

12 illus, 1 table, 21 ref

018108   Archana Kumari;Prashar N (NO, , ) : Implementation of low power shift registers using multi-threshold CMOS technique. J VLSI Des Tool Technol 2016, 6(2), 53-61.

This paper enumerates the design of low power shift registers using dual-edge triggered flip-flop (DETFF). In (he conventional shift registers, high leakage current is becoming a significant contributor to power dissipation. In order to overcome this problem, the multi-threshold complementary metal oxide semiconductor (MTCMOS) technology is used for leakage minimization in proposed designs. This technology features both low-threshold and high-threshold voltage MOSFETs. High-threshold voltage MOSFETs reduced the stand-by leakage current during the sleep mode. The conventional and proposed shift registers are presented and compared. The result shows a significant reduction in power as compared to the conventional shift registers. The shift register has been designed and simulated by using tanner v13.0 tools.

018107   Amoli G;Kala M;Chaurasia J (NO, , ) : Comprehensive security analysis of federated identity management. J Commun Engng Syst 2017, 7(1), 11-16.

Analyzing the security of FIdM is a challenging task, on one hand due to the various modes and options that the protocols provide, and on the other hand due to the inherent complexity of the web. A thorough understanding of the security vulnerabilities is required to remodel a stable and secure authentication system. In this paper the challenges and requirements of securing the exchange of information between enterprises have been reported. The goal of this work is to provide an in-depth security analysis of FIdM protocols. The major FldM protocols SAML, OpenID and OAuth have been discussed. A narrative of the major security attacks and flaws in existing Federated Identity Management have been presented. The paper explores solutions to resolve the security issues reported in existing FIdM and defines a number of possible countermeasures.

018106   Abusin M;Basheer A;Hamed M;Abdlaziz M (NO, , ) : Effect of variation of crude assay on the design of distillation column. J Petrol Engng Technol 2016, 6(3), 61-76.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of variation of crude assay on the design of crude distillation column. Different crudes assay (six samples of Sudanese crude oil) with different properties which are processed at the Khartoum Refinery Company have been simulated using Aspen HYSYS under the same - 291 - operating conditions in order to identify the effect of this variation. Energy consumption optimization is done by using preheated train heat exchangers to raise temperature of the crude from 3l.2°C to 198.3°C (124500 kw has been saved). The simulation process show different products quantities with slightly variation in their purities. Specific products (e.g. naphtha) have been increased from 9.1-11.8%. As a result of that atmospheric residue decreases from 63.8-60.9% by controlling the re/lux ratio, pumps around flow rate and using multi-feed locations. The design results are 2.4 m column diameter, 27.6 m height of the column and 54 numbers of trays.

018105   Abdul Rahman P M;Ghule S J;Farande K U (NO, Central Water and Power Research Station, Pune-411 024, Email: rah4uin@yahoo.co.in) : Hydraulic model studies for unconventional pump intake. Indian J Pwr River Valley Dev 2016, 66(5-6), 76-9.

The best pump designed at a shop floor may not work satisfactorily, if it is fitted in a wrongly designed pump layout leading to mechanical failures due to poorly designed pump sump. Thus it is advisable for big and multiple pumping systems to be tested with hydraulic model to ensure the pump sump design to provide conducive pumping solution. Central Water and Power Research Station (CWPRS), Pune, whose expertise in this field has been well recognized in evolving the pump sump designs is extending its services to improve social life with better water pumping system. Also, it is possible to experiment all possible combinations and alternatives that could be implemented for the beneficial effect in the prototype. This paper describes the details of pump intake studies conducted at CWPRS to suggest modification in sump geometry for efficient working of pump sump. The proposed intake structure of Bhaba Tail Race Diversion Arrangement (BTRDA) is located about 1 km upstream of dam of Nathpa Jhakari Hydroelectric Power Project (NJHPC). As the increased reservoir level shall inundate the existing tail race, it has been proposed that the tail water of this project be diverted through a diversion tunnel culminating into an underground reservoir from where lifting the water back into the Nathpa reservoir during lean season through vertical turbine pumps. Being underground having space constraint, it was not possible to follow the guidelines given in Hydraulic Institute Standards (HIS) for the proposal new pump sump. An array of pumps in line with the direction of flow was proposed against HIS practice in vogue. Therefore the 1:12 geometrical model was fabricated and experimental investigations were conducted to minimize adverse effects of flow and to prove the pumping system if acceptable for multi-functioning. The repeated experiments with deep excavation has improved the performance against pre-rotation. Anti swirl cones recommended to be placed below the bell mouth to bring the pump sump system to hydraulically acceptable limits.

3 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

018104   Aayushi Kumari;Kedia P;Mandal E;Mandal S K (Electronics and Communication Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur-831 014, Email: ishamanda@gmail.com) : Flaw patterns characterization in material images using linear coorelation method. J Metall Mater Sci 2017, 59(2), 67-74.

The structural pattern of any material can be analyzed and predicted using image processing technique. Image processing toolbox available in MATLAB provides us a noble way to perform manipulation on an images. This is done to enhance their features for better representation useful for pattern analysis. Use of image processing technique in the area of structural analysis of material image is relatively unexplored. It has been observed that the properties and attributes of material varies with many factors like temperature, pressure, etc. The variation due to temperature dominates more often. This variation in properties with temperature can be exploited to predict properties at certain different temperature. For proper designing and quality control of the material, it is vital to perform the analysis of microstructure of the material. Image processing proves to be the best tool for performing this analysis which provide various algorithm to aid the prediction process giving maximum accuracy. In this paper we aim to extract existing features from the material image, study their variation with temperature and derive new features to predict the properties at unknown temperature. Any image in MATLAB can be depicted in the form of a matrix where different numbers symbolize variation in color intensity. Also an image can be of various types be it binary image, Grayscale image, RGB image etc. For - 290 - Binary image the values of pixel can be 0 for black and 1 for white, for a grayscale image 0 represents black color while 255 represents white color and the pixel value can take any value from 0 to 255. For RGB image three dimensional matrix, each dimension representing one of the three colors with 8 bit pixel value. The image with different pixel values representing digitized values representing different colors is call a digital image. When we process a digital image using computers and algorithms to make use out of it then this is called digital image processing. Pattern recognition, at particular physical condition, is one of the application of Digital Image Processing and its use can be extended to predicting the value of the pixels at different physical condition.

018103    (NO, , ) : Removal of barriers to biomass power generation in India (phase-I). Indian J Pwr River Valley Dev 2016, 66(7-8), 113-4.

India's growing energy requirements have put immense pressure on existing natural resources. The demand for electrical energy is growing at a rate of seven to eight per cent annually, and remains largely fossil fuel dependent. This trend has significant environmental implications including emission of greater greenhouse gas (GHG), deforestation, land degradation and rising water and air pollution. Against this backdrop, there is growing emphasis on the use of cleaner energy sources, particularly renewable energy, to meet growing energy demand and complement fossil fuels. Biomass can potentially play an important role in this emerging energy mix. While less than 1,000 MW of electricity has been generated using biomass till date, estimates suggest a much higher potential of close to 19,500 MW electricity. This potential is being constrained by weak institutional and financing mechanisms, limited policy frameworks and technical capacities.

2 illus, 1 table

017131   Yasir M;Haque S;Khan T (NO, , ) : System preplanning theory by using failure vs reliability analysis of DSP-270P poly crystalline SPV system: A comparative approach. J Elect Des Technol 2017, 8(1), 36-40.

A preplanning idea is always required before installing any new system. So. we present an approach for technical preplanning excluding mechanical designing and cost through this paper, to make the system more reliable as well as proper array selection scheme through the comparative analysis. It is implemented by using the comparative approach of optimized and non-optimized output for DSP270P poly-crystalline SPV array through PSO, P&O and GA techniques with the help of practical hardware and simulation approach of MATLAB-10 and ode(>4, aiming the development of various modern power semiconductor devices for any large or bulky SPV system network. Under this idea, the computation of output/solar power, failure rate and reliability analysis of this SPV system for different number of panels has been covered. In-spite of this. DSP2IOD module is compared with the different types of solar array modules with respect to the number of panels. The initiative step is done by using the data sheet of manufacturer for the comparative study under elementary platform, especially for DSP 270P (Poly Crystalline) and KS-M 280 W solar models (Mono Crystalline}, BP SX 150 and SPP 280-24 solar models (Poly Crystalline) and other different modules. All the graphs for several key parameters are plotted in MATLAB.

017130   Yadav P;Sharma P R;Gupta S K (NO, , ) : Multi objective gapso hybrid algorithm for optimal location of unified power flow controller in power system. J Pwr Elect Pwr Syst 2016, 6(2), 34-44.

In the new era, sometimes, power systems work with heavily loaded lines resulting in higher power loss and higher voltage deviation which makes the system unstable. It Is owing to continuous growing demand of electrical power. This paper elaborates a multi objective GAPSO hvbrid algorithm to solve a multi objective optimization problem to find optimal location and size of unified power flow controller. The objective functions are used to minimize (he power losses, voltage deviation, maximize the net saving energy cost and the cost related to UPFC. Simulations are performed on IEEE-14 bus system lor different loading condition with UPFC modeled in steady state and the results validate the puissance of the proposed approach.

017129   Wu T;Wei H;Liu Xi;Xing G (School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an Univ, Xi'an 710061, China, Email: luckly998@126.com ) : Factors influencing the mechanical properties of lightweight aggregate concrete. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2016, 23(5), 301-11.

This paper presents an experimental study evaluating the mechanical properties, particularly the compressive strength, tensile strength, bulk density and elastic modulus, of lightweight concrete with three types of aggregates, i.e., expanded clay, sintered fly ash and expanded shale. The effects of aggregate types, volumetric fly ash content and water-cement ratio on the mechanical properties of lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) are discussed in this paper. The fly ash content ranged from 18% to 22% by cement volume, and the water-cement ratios are set to 0.3, 0.33 and 0.36 for each type of LWA. By utilizing the critical influencing parameters, including the water-cement ratio, cement strength, fly ash-cement content ratio, cylinder compressive strength - 312 - and volume content of LWA, a generalized model for predicting the 28-day LWAC compressive strength was also proposed and compared with four other existing models. The test results showed that a higher strength of LWA and a decreased water-cement ratio resulted in improved mechanical performance, especially in terms of LWAC compressive strength. LWAC crack patterns are quite different from those of normal-weight concrete (NWC). However, for the high-strength lightweight aggregate concrete (HSLAC) proposed in this paper, the crack patterns based on the strength of LWAs is similar to that of mortar matrix, which indicates that each concrete phase is functioning adequately. The proposed 28-day compressive strength predicting model for LWAC is verified, resulting in good agreement with test results, and can be accurately used in design of building or bridge structures.

8 illus, 5 tables, 35 ref

017128   Wang C;An Q;Niu Q;Chen M (School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai 200240, PR China, Email: qlan@sjtu.edu.cn) : Strain-rate sensitivity of tensile behaviors for nickel-based superalloys GH3044 and GH4033 at room temperature. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2016, 23(5), 336-40.

Nickel-based superalloys are of interest for high temperature applications, e.g. aircraft engine, due to their excellent high temperature mechanical/physical properties. The strain-rate sensitivity of the tensile behaviors at room temperature of nickel-based superalloys GH3044 and GH4033 are investigated concerning mechanical properties, microstructures and fracture surface morphologies. The experimental results showed that the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of alloy are approximately 35%-40% larger than that of GH3044 alloy. With the increase of strain rate, the yield strength values of the two superalloys increased, while the configuration of the stress-strain curves is independent of strain rate. In addition, grain refinement phenomenon is observed on the microstructure of GH4033 alloy under a higher strain rate. It has a limited influence on the microstructure of GH3044 alloy, which can be attributed to the solid solution strengthening effect for the latter. Besides, the fracture analysis demonstrated that the dimple-ductile fracturing is the main tensile fracture mechanism for both GH3044 and GH4033 alloys.

4 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

017127   Walondre S M;Ghawghawe N D (NO, , ) : Design of active power based relay algorithm to overcome transient instability: 220 KV amravati substation case study. J Pwr Elect Pwr Syst 2016, 6(2), 64-73.

This paper - 311 - presents a new protective scheme, i. e. new relay algorithm to protect small scale generators against transient instability- The demand of installing small generator!) in distribution networks has been increased now-a-days. Small scale generators have low inertia constant. The inertia constant minimizes the frequency deviation which depends on the kinetic energy. Therefore frequency dynamics becomes slower and hence it increases the response time to react to fault events. Due to this, transient stability is considered as important concept for small scale generators. Due to occurrence of faults in power system, it hampers the transient stability. A new relay algorithm has been presented to prevent against transient instability for small scale generator. The active power based relay algorithm uses a generator active power to disconnect the generator from the system in three phase fault. Finally, the obtained results have been validated for the 220 kV Amravati Substation.

017126   Vadher G;Rathor S (NO, , ) : Area load frequency control (ALFC) using different conventional algorithms. J Pwr Elect Pwr Syst 2016, 6(2), 1-7.

In practical system, frequency is always changing because of changing load. So, load frequency control (LFC) is necessary to maintain the frequency at an optimum level. So, in the general system, integral (I), proportional integral (PI) and proportional integral derivative (PID) controller is used for compensation of frequency. In this paper simulation for load frequency control (LFC) is done on two area thermal systems and also different conventional PID tuning methods for minimization of error have been shown.

017125   Tabee A H;Karami - Khaniki A;Bidokhti A K; Lari K (Physical Oceanography, Science and Research Branch Dep, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran, Email: akk7239@yahoo.com) : Designing of device for sediment grain size measuring. Ecol Envir Conserv 2017, 23(1), 37-42.

Identification of the sediments characteristics is one of the fundamental issues in physical oceanography, environment. Grain size distribution (grading) is one of the main parameters in the identification of sediments. The traditional method screening using sieving are often used to determine the coarse grain size distribution but this way is both expensive and time consuming. In this study, a device has been designed and built for determining the grain size distributions and it is consisting of both hardware and software. The device can take sediment images and create specific gradation curves. In our experiment in the hardware part of device the sediment photos were taken. The taken sediment images were transferred to the software part and the gradation curves were plotted. Finally the taken photos were processed and analyzed. For testing of the device as the first step, photos of sandy sediments of natural river and country coastal sediments were evaluated and the grading distribution curves were plotted. Our finding grading curves were comparable with the traditional grading curves screening. In this study, our designed device reduces both the time (about one-tenth) and total cost in comparison of the traditional methods.

8 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

017124   Sulochana P (Mathematics Dep, (Engineering Application) Intell Engineering College, Ananatpuramu Andhra Pradesh-515 004, Email: arigela.sulochana@gmail.com) : MHD flow of a couple stress fluid through a porous medium with periodic body acceleration - 310 - . Ultra Scient phys Sci-Sect B 2016, 28(5-7), 174-80.

In this paper, we have considered unsteady hydro dynamic poiseuille flow of an incompressible electrically conducting couple stress fluid through a porous medium between parallel plates, taking into account pulsation of the pressure gradient effect and periodic body acceleration with phase difference. The solution of the problem is obtained with the help of perturbation technique. Systematic expression is given for the velocity field, and the effects of the various governing parameters entering into the problem are discussed with the help of graphs. The shear stresses on the boundaries and the discharge between the plates are also obtained analytically and their behaviour computationally discussed with different variations in the governing parameters in detail.

6 illus, 2 tables, 25 ref

017123   Subadyo A T;Poerwoningsih D (Architecture Dep, Engineering Faculty, University of Merdeka Malang, Indonesia, Email: dinatatatiti@gmail.com) : Design of integrated infrastructure development in Poncokusumo Agropolitan Region - Malang, Indonesia. Ecol Envir Conserv 2017, 23(1), 63-70.

Integrated infrastructure development in the agropolitan region plays very important role in promoting economic growth of the region. Poncokusumo Agropolitan Region (PAR) Malang based on agro and eco-tourism is one of 11 (eleven) agropolitan in East Java Province of Indonesia. This study aimed to develop an integrated infrastructure development design direction to support the development of PAR. In this study the performance of PAR were analyzed by several methods: situational analysis, potential matrix, LAP (Land Allocations Percentages), Bayes-LQ (Location Questions), VA (Value Added), BCG (Boston Consulting Group), CF (Coumpounding Factor), and ISM (Interpretative Structural Model); independence level was analyzed with Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS), and AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). The results showed that: (1) Development of PAR on post facilitation shows that positively impact performance: (2) Independence of the PAR on post facilitation still need to improve some aspects; and (3) development of infrastructure should be driving and leverage other sectors in the development of PAR independently which is reflected in the implementation of environmental management systems, sustainability of economic activities, socian and cultural stability and preservation of the environment. The simulation results show the expected major infrastructure is roads, irrigation, drainage and building to support agribusiness. Infrastructure development optimistic scenario would be the best option because it provides a broad impact on the increasing of the total economic value of PAR. Model of Integrated Infrastructure (IT) development prioritized the infrastructure for agro-industries to encourage industrialization in PAR, both in household and industrial scale, which should meet the rules of norms, standards, guidelines and manuals in accordance with minimum service standards. IT development model in this PAR can be an agropolitan prototype development in Indonesia.

7 illus, 12 ref

017122   Solanki L L;Patel R R;Patel C (NO, , ) : Improvement in distribution system performance by D-statcom. J Pwr Elect Pwr Syst 2016, 6(2), 25-33.

Increasing use of power electronics devices in modern power system has many power quality problems arise in distribution system like voltage sag, voltage swell, harmonics, flickering, etc. This problem largely affects the performance of distribution system. Distribution static synchronous compensator (D-STATCOM) is a device which is used for the solution of power quality problems. In this paper, voltage sag and voltage swell were generated and mitigation of the same is achieved using D-STATCOM at point of common coupling (PCC). There is 415 V distribution test system taken for the study. Simulation is carried out and results are analyzed using MA TLAB Simulink software.

017121   Sola O C;Ozyazgan C (Civil Engineering Dep, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul Univ, Istanbul, Turkey, Email: celik@istanbul.edu.tr) : Evaluation of the mechanical, durability microstructural and mineralogical properties of cement composites treated with waste tire rubber. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2016, 23(5), 312-20.

In this study, waste tire powder groups from the same waste tire material but with different particle sizes are added in cement mixtures that are intended for the production of cement composites as a replacement for certain proportions of the cement content. Four different waste tire group particle size ranges of 0-0.075 mm, 0.075-0.18 mm, 0.18-0.425 mm and 0.425-2 mm are added in cement mixtures by mass of 5%, 10% and 15%. After physical and chemical properties and particle size distributions of the prepared mixtures are determined, mortar specimens of 4x4x16 cm are taken, which are then subjected to compressive strength, weight change, microstructure (SEM-EDS) and mineralogical (XRD) analyses. When the results are evaluated, it is found that compressive strength values of cement mortars including 10% of waste tire powder are higher in thaw freezing-series when compared to the water-curing series. The SEM-EDS and XRD analyses also provided results coherent with compressive strength values. On the other hand, the wetting-drying series are found to be the series with the lowest weight change results.

11 illus, 2 tables, 29 ref

017120   Singhal H;Madnan H (NO, , ) : Review on security threats in MANET. J Netwk Secur 2017, 5(1), 28-38.

MANETs include wireless nodes that keep up a correspondence with each other inside the nonappearance of a consistent base. Examples incorporate battlefield situations, disaster relief and short term situations equivalent to public events. In MANETs, routing methods solve the direct communication between starting place and destination. This paper presents trust based MANET. In this paper, various attacks on MANET are discussed and analyzed along with the literature survey.

017119   Singh P (NO, , ) : Nuclear power plants and its safety. J nucl Engng Technol 2017, 7(1), 15-16.

Nuclear power plant safety is the utmost important concern and is necessary for the society. Nuclear power plants (NPP) in India are sate and proper regulation of NPP is maintained, have well equipped operating and maintaining procedures, a well defined waste management methodology and disaster management plans. Safety is the overriding priority in all the activities of Nuclear Power plant. The Atomic Energy regulatory board is an autonomous body with powers and comprehensive authority to regulate the safety measures in a NPP.

017118   Singh J;Sharma R K (Mechanical Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur-177 005, Email: erjagdeep88@gmail.com) : Study the surface modification and characterization for powder mixed electrical discharge machining of tungsten carbide. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2016, 23(5), 321-35.

This study focused upon surface modification and characterization of difficult-to-machine (DTM) material, i.e., tungsten carbide (WC) with powder mixed EDM process. Mainly four input parameters, i.e., pulse-on time, pulse-off time, current and powders are used to perform the experiments by using L₂₇ orthogonal array design to analyze the two major surface characteristics, i.e., micro-hardness (μ-H) and surface roughness (SR). Graphite (C) and alumina (Al₂O₃) powders are suspended into the working fluid. Initially, a quantitative analysis is performed, which shows 12.31% improvement in the μ-H results and 5.61% improvement in the SR results by using C powder into working fluid in EDM. In this analysis, alumina powder shows improved values of surface finish and micro-hardness as comparative to simple EDM process. This shows that with addition of abrasives in working fluid helps to improve the working mechanism of EDM process. Mainly 3-samples are selected to - 308 - analyze from the multi-objective optimization results of powder mixed EDM of WC. These samples are used to perform the qualitative analysis to confirm the results of quantitative analysis by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) for microstructure analysis followed by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) to show transfer of material, phases of various present elements and EDS to quantitatively confirm the results of XRD.

12 illus, 10 tables, 32 ref

017117   Singh D;Saini J K;Sood Y R (NO, , ) : Optimal capacity of pump storage system for standalone green microgrid interconnection with main grid in deregulated power sector. J Pwr Elect Pwr Syst 2016, 6(2), 100-14.

The energy crisis requires more generation capability, and is more importance to the storage technologies. To overcome, this shortage of energy, pump storage system is used in the power system with great storing capacity up to this time. The isolated or regional grid in remote areas probably depends on renewable power sources such as wind; solar, geothermal, tidal, etc. with its availability is the main power resources. It Is quite necessary for improving the operation, stability and economical efficiency of the microgrid grid. Therefore, a certain capacity of pump storage system is required to conduct these operations. In this paper, two case studieshave been presented for an isolated microgrid with interconnected to maingrid. Firstly, without storage and secondly with pump storage system. On the basis of these case studies, the optimal capacity of the pump storage system has been determined. The proposed work has been validated by considered 3-microgrid system interconnection with main grid. A new technique like energy storage system is used for a simple, economic, and feasibility evaluation of energy storage facilities in pump storage system. The energy is stored in the form of water potential through pumping using renewable energy sources. The results demonstrated that the optimal capacity of pump storage plant has been determined by calculated surplus power and loss of load in the pump storage system.

017116   Shah K B;Chandwani H (NO, , ) : Circuit topologies, operation, control schemes and modulation techniques of modular multilevel inverter. J Pwr Elect Pwr Syst 2017, 7(1), 28-40.

The Modular Multilevel Convener (MMC) is one of the developing topology. MMC has several attractive features such as a modular structure, transformer-less operation, easily scalable in terms of voltage and current, low expense for redundancy and fault tolerant operation and excellent output waveforms quality. Due to these attractive features industry and researcher increased the interest in this converter. This interest results in the development of new power topologies, modulation strategies and control schemes. The main control objective of MMCs is to control capacitor voltages of each sub module. (SM) and arm currents at its terminals. Depending on the application, it could be required to control the DC and AC voltages or currents. The MMC has no of cell in each arm, this cell has different power topologies. This paper focus on comparison of different control techniques to achieve different control objectives, like control of external voltage and current, control of average capacitor voltages, control of arm circulating current etc. Selection of the modulation techniques is also one of the research area to - 307 - enhance the performance of the MMC. This paper highlights some convectional and advance pulse width modulation techniques. Various pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques based on using a single reference waveform that have been developed for MMC include: Phase Disposition(PD). Phase opposite Disposition (POD). Alternate Phase opposite Disposition (APOD), Phase Shifted carrier (PSC) and Carrier Rotation PWM scheme.

017115   Revathi;Jayan M V (NO, , ) : Transient analysis of a grid-connected hybrid wind-pv system. J Pwr Elect Pwr Syst 2016, 6(2), 55-63.

A new reliable hybrid distributed generation (DG) system based on photovoltaic iPV) and wind driven permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) as sources, with only a boost converter followed by an inverter stage is being developed. The proposed hybrid generator has a PV array being directly connected to the dc link instead of a dc-dc converter. The dc-dc converter varies the de-link voltage and is placed in between the rectifier fed by the PMSG and the grid-connected inverter. Using current control strategy, the maximum current is extracted from both sources by varying the inverter current. In this scheme, a single dc-dc converter is used instead of multiple converters, thus, reducing the number of conversion stages. For maximum power extraction, we are using new controllers that generate the pulses for the dc-dc converter and the inverter. Simulation results are shown to demonstrate the steady-state and transient analysis of the system.

017114   Ramanuj P N;Shah J S (NO, , ) : Security using identity based cryptography. J Netwk Secur 2017, 5(1), 39-47.

In today's world, lots of - 306 - transactions are carried out online via various applications using computer networks. Such sensitive information must be protected against any vulnerability. On the other hand, networks are becoming infrastructure less, dynamic in topology, nodes are mobile and with limited resources, communication links are not secured and mostly wireless. This has made security a very difficult task and concentrated efforts are required to design a specialized security solution. In this paper, we have presented a secure identity based scheme consisting of novel and highly secure key generation using identity of user. Two levels of security have been provided in the presented scheme using both, RSA algorithm and Elliptic curve cryptography. Node's master private and public keys are generated using RSA algorithm. Fingerprint of user has been deployed as identity and hence used for identification key generation. Elliptic curve is defined using both, node's master private key and identification key. Performance is measured using time analysis to accomplish various operations in the proposed scheme.

017113   Rajput P;Dubey M (NO, , ) : Brief review on localization in wireless sensor network. J Netwk Secur 2017, 5(1), 1-10.

Wireless sensor devices have a huge range of usage in observation, watch and ward etc. Unlike ad hoc networks, WSNs are limited through sensors' restricted power, energy and computational ability. Sensor nodes don't have mondial ID cause of the huge quantity of overhead and giant number of sensors. The responsibility of every sensor node is to recognize the changes in its particular region or area. Localization of a sensor node is carrying through with the aids of nearest nodes. The localization ways can be alienated into two parts namely ranges free and range based method.

017112   Rahman M Z U;Reddy B M K (Electronics and Commication Engineering Dep, K L Univ, Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur-522 502, Email: mdzr@kluniversity.in) : Efficient SAR image segmentation using bias field estimation. J scient ind Res 2017, 76(6), 335-8.

In this paper we propose a better energy and bias field estimation method called optimized multiplicative intrinsic component optimization. This method takes the responsibilities of decomposing the image into two multiplicative components, such as true image and bias field components for hyper spectral images in dark night regions. These components simultaneously derived by energy minimization and the process mainly aimed at achieve the optimum intrinsic components of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image. In this SAR image processing we are introducing a novel technique for minimizing the energy function by bias field estimation. This method performs two operations to optimize the intrinsic multiplicative components. These are bias field estimation and energy minimization. Our proposed method becomes robust due to convex of each variable in energy minimization algorithm. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated by comparing with conventional techniques.

3 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

017111   Pradeep Kumar;Mishra D P;Panigrahi D C;Sahu P (Mining Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad-826 004, Email: devi_agl@yahoo.com) : Numerical studies of ventilation effect on methane layering behaviour in underground coal mines. Curr Sci 2017, 112(9), 1873-81.

Layering of methane in underground coal mines ow-ing to poor ventilation leads to methane explosion hazard. We study the methane layering phenomenon and the effect of ventilation on dispersion of methane in underground coal mines at air velocities varying from 0.5 to 4.0m/s. Three-dimensional simulations using CFD code ANSYS Fluent 12.0 were performed assuming the flow to be unsteady, turbulent and in-compressible. The study demonstrated that ventilation significantly affects the behaviour of methane layering and dispersion of methane in underground coal mines. The layering length decreased with increase in air velocity. Atair velocity of 4.0m/s, the methane layer-ing length considerably reduced to a safer level of about 1m. Moreover, the simulation results showed a good agreement with the experimental results.

8 illus, 26 ref

017110   Nankani H S;Chandwani H;Parikh U (NO, , ) : Mitigation of magnetizing inrush current for unloaded three phase electrically coupled power transformers involving remanence effect using distributed asymmetrical winding configuration. J Pwr Elect Pwr Syst 2016, 6(2), 89-99.

This paper demonstrates a novel approach to mitigate the magnetizing inrush current of a coupled unloaded transformer to a considerable extent having had the residual magnetism present in its core with the aid of a modern distributed asymmetrical winding configuration alike from the conventional methods. The proposed method has been analyzed on Power transformer with different configuration of winding, core design arrangement while feeding from the mains to star and delta side of transformer individually. The instant of plugging with circuit breakers affecting the performance characteristics of transformer has also been elaborated. The proposed method is verified by the simulation in PSCAD environment on a practical transformer of 30 MVA, 27/ 132 kV, three units of single, phase transformer connected in star and delta configuration. The simulated results show a good agreement in mitigation of magnetizing inrush current to small percentage of rated full load current. So, the above said method can be applied in practical field as the magnitudes of magnetizing inrush currents can be estimated before manufacturing of transformer.

017109   Nahar S;Hassan M K;Mannan M A (NO, , ) : Design and simulation of fuzzy logic based speed control of electrical vehicle with induction motor taking core loss and stray load losses into account. J Pwr Elect Pwr Syst 2017, 7(1), 41-8.

In modern technology electrical differentials to design Electrical Vehicle are getting popular for its simplicity, faster response, accurate control capability and other facility. The controller design for the distinctive motors is a captivating and challenging work to acquire sought execution appropriately. For this different kind of controller is used to get accurate results. For Induction Motor it is very important to control the speed and torque to get smooth control application. Field Oriented Control aids the factor and empowers independent control of speed and torque by building up an autonomous relationship is created due to consideration of core loss and stray load losses while modeling Induction Motor which is neglected at most of the works. In this paper, with a better modeled IM Fuzzy Logic controller is accompanied to give it more accuracy and simplicity. The performances of the designed controller is accessed using MATLAB/Simulink where all the simulation results shows enough confirmation that smooth, exact and vigorous performance is achievable with the proposed controller.

017108   Mohale A;Kurund A;Jadhav N;More D R (NO, , ) : Design and development of power saving generation using conveyor belt. J Pwr Elect Pwr Syst 2017, 7(1), 18-21.

This paper represents the "power saving and generation using conveyor belt". As electricity prices continue to rise the increasing need of energy management; requires hater understanding of models for energy-consuming applications, such us conveyor belts. Our team chooses to research the flexibility in power saving and generation using conveyor hell with different type of applications. - 304 - Conveyor belts are used in wide range of industries, including power genera! ion, mining and mineral processing. This mode! consists of LDR, rpm sensor, and rpm control circuit which controls the speed of the motor driving the conveyor. The object sensors which detect the objects send signal to the motor driving circuit to on/off the motor. It provides many advantages over conventional relay type of control, including increased reliability, more flexibility, lower cost, communication capability and faster response time. This paper is based on systematic conveyor controller to control the speed of conveyor belt. That's why power saving and generation is possible.

017107   Mishra R;Gupta S;Bajpai U (NO, , ) : Hybrid solar PV- wind energy system: A performance study. J Elect Des Technol 2017, 8(1), 7-10.

The solar PV and wind energy hybrid technology is based on the concept of a modular, scalable, distributed renewable energy system designed and optimized for on and oil grid installations. This kind of system is fully integrated hybrid system that combines wind energy units with PV technology in a compact footprint, creating the greatest energy generation density. The hybrid concept is unique and disruptive, seamlessly utilizing wind and solar energy generation in a single unit, leveraging smart electronics, MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking). installation costs, inverters, and batteries. The advantages ofa hybrid arrangement me the increase ofthe expansion offorce accessible per square toot. and consolidating both, wind and sun based renewable assets. In any case, the most essential variable is that the energy accessibility of both solar and wind are complimentary, on an everyday scale, as well as through climate frameworks, and even occasionally, In this paper. a Savonius style turbine has been decided tor its low running velocity and relative obtuseness to turbulence, ordinarily found on housetops. Made of galvanized metal, this type of system easily withstands extreme temperatures as well as harsh UV rays. The turbines incorporate a mechanical braking system to protect them from over rotation and the on-board electronics have temperature sensors that prevent the system from over voltage. This system takes advantage of areas of concentrated wind directly on the roof. The I m high turbines begin rotating in the slightest breeze. This type of system requires less area in comparison to conventional photovoltaic power plant and also power generation is higher.

017106   Meseguer-Valdenebro J L;Portoles A;Onoro J (Applied Physics and Materials Engineering Dep, School of Mechanical Engineering, Technical Univ of Madrid, C/ Jose Gutierrez Abascal st, 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain, Email: jlmeseguer507@gmail.com) : Numerical study of TTP curves upon welding of 6063-T5 aluminium alloy and optimization of welding process parameters by Taguchi's method. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2016, 23(5), 341-8.

This paper presents a numerical study to determine the cooling curves of - 303 - 6063-T5 aluminium alloy plane plates using the MIG welding technique. The aluminium alloys show characteristic curves, known as time-temperature-property (TTP) curves, representing time-temperature-properties that indicate the mechanical properties obtained by the cooling process, and therefore the area of intersection between the cooling curve and the TTP curve quantitatively approximates the mechanical properties obtained in the welding joint. In addition, the mechanical properties in a welded aluminium alloy also depend on the time taken to cool the welding joint from 410°C to 300°C. The electrical parameters are the source power and welding speed, which are selected from the European welding standard to ensure adequate reproduction of results. In this work, the area of intersection between the cooling curve and t_4/3 is optimized by Taguchi's method, where the signal-to-noise ratio and analysis of variance are utilized to obtain the influence of the parameters on the area of intersection and t_4/3. This numerical study can also be applied to the GTAW welding technique.

11 illus, 10 tables, 33 ref

017105   Leisle A V;Kovalski E R (NO, Saint Petersburg University, Russian Federation, 199106, Saint Petersburg, Vasilevsky Island, 21 Linia, 2, Russian Federation, Email: e.r.kovalsky@gmail.com) : Assessing the well yield during methane drainage in coal mines. Ecol Envir Conserv 2017, 23(1), 316-21.

High gas bearing capacity of coal beds is a factor that restricts high level of production. This issue is especially urgent for the Kuznetsk Basin (Russia) where high methane release in production units significantly reduces the capacity of applied equipment performance of which could ensure a higher production level. The amount of methane in coal beds and host rocks can be reduced by methane drainage. However, it is difficult to assess the efficiency of planned measures due to absence of an opportunity to forecast the amount of methane delivered to methane drainage boreholes. This article suggests an approach to asses the yield of methane drainage boreholes drilled from the surface to the coal bearing rock mass. The approach is based on calculating the change of volumetric strains and the permeability coefficient of characteristic zones of the underworked coal bearing rock mass by using computational simulation. The obtained yield forecast of methane drainage boreholes allows assessing the drainage efficiency and making right decisions to apply proper drainage schemes in coal mines.

5 illus, 10 ref

017104   Kvochkin D O;Ustyugov V A (NO, Skytyvkar State University, Oktyabrsky Prospect, 55, 167001, Russia, Komi Republic, Email: ustyugovva@gmail.com) : Perspectives of use of lidar devices for forest inventory in Komi republic. Ecol Envir Conserv 2017, 23(1), 562-6.

The article contains the review of the devices for the photo-detection of objects in the three-dimensional space and determination of the distance to them (LIDAR). This rather new technology is widely used in the forestry. Lidar devices allow to automate the inventory work of the forest resources, and to increase the volume of statistic data, collected from the sampling units. The high speed of data collection and the accuracy of the laser measurements allow to refuse the traditional inventory methods performed by manual tools. This, in its turn, leads to the decrease of the human factor impact and cost-cutting of the inventory process. The works described in the article represent the long experience of European and Russian collaborations of the forest specialists, engineers and programmers of the development of methods of automated identification of characteristics of forest stands and single trees according to the data obtained by means of the ground and aerial laser scanning. The estimation of the applicability of the lidar technology for forest inventory of the Komi Republic (Russian Federation) is represented.

1 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

017103   Kumar S;Kumar R;Srivastava A K;Das N R (NO, Laser Science and Technology Centre DRDO, Metcalfe House, Delhi-110 054, Email: satyender_bharna@yahoo.com) : Laser power estimation by mass ablation for high power laser. J scient ind Res 2017, 76(6), 343-6.

This paper reports an alternative method for estimation of laser power generated from high power carbon dioxide gas dynamic laser. An unstable resonator was employed for generation of laser. In this method an array of thin MS plates separated by an air gap is used for estimation of ablated mass from the array. High power laser beam was focused on the array by concave mirror of long focal length. A fraction of beam is absorbed by the surface which is opaque to laser wavelength @ 10.6 micrometers. The interaction of high power laser beam with array results in temperature rise of MS plates. If laser irradiation is continuous a phase change of material takes place in the array. In the array, 20 plates of mild steel got damaged by irradiation of laser beam and mass are removed by ablation. The paper also describes the development of software for estimation of laser power from ablated mass from each plate. The results are validated by measuring the laser power by a power meter. These results are in agreement with estimated power within ° 10% of power measured by power meter/calorimeter.

2 illus, 1 table, 9 ref