002382   Saxena K;Irchhaiya R;Chagti K K (NO, Uttar Pradesh Technical Univ, Uttar Pradesh, Email: khushbusaxena1987@gmail.com ) : Antihepatotoxic effect of Artocarpus heterophyllus leaves against paracetamol induced hepatic damage in albino rats. Int J Pharm Life Sci 2016, 7(2), 4895-9.

The objective of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of leaves of Artocarpus heterophyllus againt paracetamol induce hepatic damage. There are lack of reliable hepatoprotective drugs in modern medicine to prevent and treat paracetamol induce liver damage. The ethanolic extract showed presence of flavonoid and steroids. The plant material was dried in shade, powdered and extracted with ethanol. The hepatoprotective activity of the ethanolic extract was assessed in paracetamol induced hepatotoxic rats. Biochemical parameters like SGOT, SGPT, ALP and Bilirubin were tested in drug induced and untreated groups of rats. Treatment of ethanolic extract of Artocarpus heterophyllus leaves has brought back the altered level of biochemical parameter to the normal level in the dose dependent manner and also compared with silymarin used as standard drug.

1 illus, 15 ref

002381   Sarvesan R;Eganathan P;Saranya J;Sujanpal P (Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology, Presidency College (Autonomous), Kamarajar Salai, Triplicane, Chennai, Tamilnadu-600 005, Email: eganathan@gmail.com) : Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of leaf essential oil of Eugenia continifolia ssp. codyensis (Munro ex Wight) ashton. Int J pharm Sci Res 2015, 6(9), 3981-5.

The study was carried out to investigate the essential oil composition and antibacterial effects of Eugenia cotinifolia ssp. codyensis leaves. The fresh leaf essential oil was extracted hydrodistillation process using Clevanger apparatus. The compounds of the essential oil were analyzed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) technique identified a total of 84 numbers of chemical constituents and resulted 99.99%. The essential oil was characterized by high content of sesquiterpene compounds (79.23%) and the major constituent being Germacrene D (17.95%). The leaf oil exhibited higher antibacterial effects against gram negative bacteria compare to gram positive bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of the oil against the organism ranged between 0.25 - 0.75 mg/ml and 0.5 - 2.5 mg/ml respectively. The essential oil exhibited maximum inhibition at 0.25 mg/ml against Proteus vulgaris and the same inhibited Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus at 0.75 mg/ml. The result of essential oil chemical constituents and antibacterial activity showed useful for preparation of commercial products.

24 ref

002380   Safaeian R;Ghanbarian G;Yazdanpanah Z (Natural Resources and Environment Dep, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz Univ, Shiraz, Iran, Email: safain@shirazu.ac.ir) : Investigation on essential oils of Platychaete aucheri Boiss. as an endemic plant in desert ecosystems. Analyt chem Lett 2016, 6(2), 153-8.

Due to the necessity of prevention of desertification, in range renovation programs, the identification of drought resistant plants and also using multiple purposes of such a plant species is extremely important. The expanse and the protection of medicinal plants can be an income source for local people in desert region and also provide part of pharmacy factory requirements. According to phytogeography classification, Platychaete aucheri belongs to the Khalij-Omani region. This endemic shrub of Iran grows at Fars province (near Jahrom and near Firoozabad), Kerman and Hormozgan. In the present research Platychaete aucheri has been considered in regard to phytochemical characteristic. The aerial parts of Pl. aucheri were collected in the flowering stage. The collected dried samples were extracted by hydrodistillation method. The amount and percentage of essential oil components was 1.76%. 48 components representing 91.3% of the total oil were characterized. The results of chemical components analysis of essential oils has been shown that the main identified components are myrtenol (34.66%), borneol (18.17%), trans-verbenol (5.7%), bornyl acetate (4.31%), cis-verbenol (3.29%) and 1,8-cineole (2.42%), respectively. It seems that borneol, transverbenol and 1,8-cineole play as an anti-quality factor in animal feed. This issue confirms non-palatability of Pl. aucheri in the flowering stage. Hence, one of the rangeland management principles is prevention of entrance non-native and exotic livestock to the rangelands with toxic plants.

1 table, 18 ref

002379   Rudroju S;Gudikandula K;Talari S;Nanna R S (Biotechnology Dep, Kakatiya Univ, Warangal-506 009, Email: swamynr.dr@gmail.com) : Antibacterial activity of different extracts of Trichosanthes cucumerina L an endangered ethnomedicinal herb. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(3), 1093-102.

The present work has been under taken to study the antibacterial activity of stem, leaf, flower and seed extracts of Trichosanthes cucumerina L against disease causing bacteria. Antibacterial activity of different solvent extracts (Aqueous, Methanol, Chloroform, Petroleum ether, Acetone) of stem, leaf, flower and seed of T. cucumerina has been studied to find out their activity against nine pathogenic bacteria viz., Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus sphericus, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial activity of the extracts of different plant parts was done through well diffusion method and by measuring the inhibition zone around the disc. According to our observations, the seed extracts of T. cucumerina exhibited antibacterial activity against all the bacteria under study. The results provided evidence that the species T. cucumerina can be used as a potential source of antibacterial agent.

21 ref

002378   RawalJatin R;SonawaniPriya R (Biotechnology Dep, RNC Arts, JDB Commerce & NSC Science College Nashik Road, Maharashtra, Email: jatin008rawal@gmail.com) : Determination of bioactive components of cynodon dactylon by GC-MS analysis & it's in vitro antimicrobial activity. Int J Pharm Life Sci 2016, 7(1), 4880-5.

Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (family -Poaceae), is traditionally used for curing different aliments. Hence the present investigation was carried out to determine the possible chemical components from C.dactylon leaves by GC-MS Technique. This analysis revealed that C.dactylon leaves contain 2-Propanol, 1-hydrazino- (24.37%), Glycerin (3.45%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (14.90%), Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (1.83%), 1-Triacontanol (12.88%), 9,12-Octadecatrienoic acid (Z,Z), Phytol (5.52%) and Stigmasterol (6.68%) justifying the use of this plant to treat many aliments in folk and herbal medicine. The in-vitro antibacterial activity of Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. extract in ethanol was carried out by using the Well Diffusion method. The Streptomycin (100 μg/ml) was used as Standard Control antibacterial agent. The antibacterial activity was investigated by using different test organisms. The Zone Diameter of Inhibition and the diameter of the well were recorded. Each assay was carried out for each test organisms used in this project work. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi Proteus mirabillis & Streptococcus pyogens show nearly equal Zone of Inhibition with respect to Streptomycin.

1 illus, 3 tables, 13 ref

002377   Punetha H;Pandey D;Bhatt P;Sagar H;Rawat B (Biochemistry Dep, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263 145, Email: punetha_hp@rediffmail.com) : Biochemical investigation on antioxidative and antinutritional characters of yellow seeded Brassica genotypes for quality assessment. Int J Agric Envir Biotechnol 2015, 8(2), 253-64.

Yellow seeded Brassica is one of the most important oilseed crop cultivated in many parts of the world. The oil is consumed predominantly as edible oil and the defatted meal cake is utilized as animal/poultry feed. In the present study, intact seeds and defatted meal of 12 yellow-seeded Brassica genotypes evaluated for the presence of anti-oxidative and anti-nutritive factors. The maximum phenolic, orthodihydroxy phenols, flavonoid contents observed for Bio 39(16.946 mg/g), Bio 30(2.38 mg/g) and Bio 39(8.282 mg/g) repectively. The crude fibre, phytic acid and glucosinolate contents were found to be minimum in Bio 21 (6.95%), Bio 2 (3.632%) and Bio 38 (54.324 μmole/g) respectively. Vitamin C content was maximum in Bio 36 and Bio 3. The a-tocopherol content was observed to be maximum Bio 2 (61.875 mg/100g). The total antioxidant activity varied from 5.95 mg AAE/g in Bio 28 to 14.395 mg AAE/g in Bio 39. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was observed to be maximum in Bio 30 and reducing power was found to be maximum in Bio 21(0.867 ± 0.023). The present findings may be utilized for determining the quality status to ascertain their potential for development of better cultivar.

11 illus, 34 ref

002376   Priyadarsini A;Sahoo S;Rout G R (Agricultural Biotechnology Dep, College of Agriculture, Orissa Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswari-751 003, Email: grrout@rediffmail.com) : In vitro selection and plant regeneration of indica rice tolerant to iron. Int J Agric Envir Biotechnol 2015, 8(2), 285-93.

Iron tolerant callus lines of Indica rice Vars. Khandagiri and Jagannath has been achieved on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l Kinetin, 3.0 mg/l 2,4-D, 12 mM Fe. Somatic embryos derived from both tolerant non-tolerant calluses are germinated on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), 0.25 mg/l 1-napthalen-eacetic acid (NAA) and 12 mM Fe within four weeks of subculture. The growth parameters like fresh and dry weight of callus, growth tolerance index, enzyme activity (Catalase and Peroxidase) and biochemical markers were used as indicators of iron tolerance. Measurements as early as two weeks after the beginning of the treatments did not yield consistent results. However, the growth tolerance index in the four weeks after the beginning of treatments yielded significant differences among non-tolerant and tolerant calluses. The enzyme activity is enhanced in the tolerant calluses than non-tolerant one. The in vitro raised plantlets derived from tolerant callus lines are grown in vitro in the presence of BA, NAA and 12 mM iron. The tolerant plantlets are established in the pots with iron-rich soil. This study will help to develop iron tolerant rice plants for breeding program.

1 illus, 6 tables, 32 ref

002375   Prasad S S;Desai A;Shah C;Patel K;Dumator C; Vajpeyee S K;Bhavsar V H (Pharmacology Dep, GMERS, Medical College, Gandhinagar-382 012, Email: shambhuprasad94@yahoo.com) : To investigate the effect of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) on pendular intestine motility of rat. Int J pharm Sci Res 2015, 6(9), 4053-57.

To investigate the effects of ginger-juice (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe) on rat's intestine pendular motility. Albino rats were sacrificed to isolate intestine. Concentration of ginger is expressed in term of mg/ml of ginger rhizome. It is based on preparation of ginger-juice as detailed in material and methods section. 150 ml of filtrate used in the isolated experiment represented 500 gm of ginger rhizome. The diluted filtrate was used in the "in vitro" experiment. G.J.F produced significant pendular motility in isolated rat intestine.

16 ref

002374   Pragalyashree M M;Kailappan R;Kennedy Z J (Food and Agricultural Process Engineering Dep, Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore-641 004, Email: shreepragalayaa@gmail.com) : Mechanical properties of onion seeds (Allium cepa variety aggregatum L.) under compression loading. Int J Agric Envir Biotechnol 2015, 8(2), 477-87.

Some mechanical properties of onion seeds were investigated in this study. These properties are often required for the design of transportation, storage and grading/sorting machines and other post harvest machines for onion seeds. The seeds were compressed along three mutually perpendicular axes and the properties studied were initial rupture force, rupture force, deformation at rupture and energy consumed at rupture. The ranges of moisture content investigated were 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15% (db), respectively. The tests were carried out at a deformation rate of 70% strain energy. Onion seeds were compressed along major axes (length), intermediate axes (Breadth) and minor axes (thickness), respectively. Physical properties like dimensions, geometric mean diameter, sphericity and mass were also evaluated. It was observed from the results that rupture force, Peak force and energy consumed at rupture decreased with increase in moisture content and the deformation at rupture increased with increase moisture content.

7 illus, 1 table, 28 ref

002373   Poudel B K;Sah J P;Subedi S R;Amatya M P; Amatya S;Shrestha T M (NO, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan Univ, Kirtipur, Nepal, Email: poudel.bhupen@gmail.com) : Pharmacological studies of methanolic extracts of Sonchus arvensis from Kathmandu. Int J Pharmac 2016, 3(2), 87-91.

Sonchus arvensis, a perennial sowthistle, is a common but underutilized species of Kathmandu, Nepal. Several uses like sedative, antioxidant and kidney stone eradicating properties have been identified till date, but study on other pharmacological activities is not yet explored. Therefore, the plant was collected from Kathmandu; aerial parts of the plant were dried, crushed, and extracted using a Soxhlet apparatus. The methanolic extract was then concentrated for screening pharmacological effects. While comparing with the standards, the plant was found to possess strong anti-inflammatory activity and inhibitory effect in Gastro Intestinal (GI) motility and locomotor activity in a dose-dependent fashion. The plant, however, didn't showed skeletal muscle relaxant activity as observed in the traction test and inclined plane test. Thus, it is concluded that the plant possess strong phyto-chemicals having anti-inflammatory activity and inhibitory effect in locomotion and GI motility.

2 illus, 3 tables, 13 ref

002372   Patel S;Shah D;Panchal H (Computer Science and Technology Dep, Sardar Patel Univ, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat-388 120) : Gene expression study of Arachis hypogaea L.. Int J Agric Envir Biotechnol 2015, 8(2), 295-302.

Arachis hypogaea L. (The peanut) is an important oilseed crop in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. This species belongs to the subfamily Fabaceae and family Leguminosae. Different parts of the plant such as leaves and seeds are used for many purposes in India. Next-generation sequencing technology (NGS) such as RNA-seq has provided a powerful approach for analyzing the Transcriptome accurately and cheaply. This study is focus on gene expression study of RNA-seq of Arachis hypogaea L. (The peanut); Three SRA files of BioProject ID 243319 downloaded from NCBI database and genome of Arabidopsis thaliana was considered as reference genome for gene expression study. Data analysis carried out with many Bioinformatics tools such as TopHat2, Cufflinks, Cuffmerge, Cuffcompare and Cuffdiff. CummeRbund tool was used to manage, visualize and integrate all of the data produced by a Cuffdiff tool for gene expression analysis. These data reported in the current study will serve as a valuable genetic resource of the Arachis hypogaea L.

6 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

002371   Patel S K M;Indulkar S T;Pai R;Ninawe A S (College of Fisheries, Dr. B. S. Kokan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Ratnagiri-415 629, Email: indulkarst@gmail.com) : Acute toxicity bioassay and tissue biochemical changes on sub-lethal axposure to the organo-phosphorus pesticide 'phorate 10G' in the freshwater fish Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822). Indian J Fish 2015, 62(3), 133-6.

Toxicity of the organo-phosphorus pesticide, Phorate 10G was tested in vivo in the Indian major carp Labeo rohita. Based on the results of a range finding bioassay to assess the lethal dose range of `Phorate 10G', various concentrations viz., 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25 mg l<sup>-1 were selected for estimation of LC<sub>50</sub>. The LC<sub>50</sub> value estimated by probit analysis was 0.137 mg l-1 for 96 h. Further, in order to assess the effect of sublethal toxicity, rohu fingerlings were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of 0.05 and 0.075 mg l-1 of Phorate 10G for a total period of 30 days. At the end of exposure periods of 10, 20 and 30 days, 10 fingerlings each were sacrificed for carcass biochemical analysis of moisture, crude protein, crude fat and total ash contents. Moisture and total ash contents in rohu fingerlings exposed to the pesticide increased significantly, whereas crude protein and crude fat contents decreased with increase in concentrations as well as period of exposure (p<60>0.05). Results of the study clearly indicated that `Phorate 10G' affected the carcass proximate composition of rohu fingerlings which could be attributed to the energy requirement towards combating the toxic effects of pesticide exposure in the fingerlings of L. rohita.</sup>

1 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref

002370   Nazneen S;Polugari R;Raj S;Singh P (Microbiology Dep, St. Francis College for Women, Begumpet, Hyderabad-500 016, Email: roselinpolugari@gmail.com) : Comparative study on effect of different capping agents on the antimicrobial activity of ZNO nanoparticles. Int J pharm Sci Res 2015, 6(9), 4022-5.

The present study focuses on the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles by chemical method in alcohol base using three different capping agents-Thioglycerol, oleic acid and Triethanol amine (TEA). The effect of concentrations was analyzed for their effectiveness in particle growth and antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles using these capping agents at different concentrations was tested against six laboratory microorganisms namely Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus, and Klebsiella by agar well diffusion method. Zone of inhibitions produced by ZnO nanoparticles with different capping agents was tabulated. The quantitative measurement of zones of inhibition led to the conclusion that all the capping agents were effective in inhibiting growth of different organisms of which the maximum activity was shown by Thioglycerol, capped ZnO nanoparticles at a concentration of 0.12% against all organisms.

19 ref

002369   Naveen Kumar N;Ramakrishnaiah H;Krishna V; Deepalakshmi A P (PG Studies and Research in Biotechnology Dep, Government Science College, Bangalore-560 001, Email: hramabt@yahoo.com) : GC-MS analysis and antimicrobial activity of seed oil of Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent. Int J pharm Sci Res 2015, 6(9), 3954-60.

The current study focuses on evaluating chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of seed oil of Broussonetia papyrifera; a widely used Chinese medicinal plant. The chemical constituents of the oil were evaluated by GC-MS analysis. Antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by disk diffusion and agar dilution methods. The seed oil contains 46 different phytoconstituents where major compounds were hexadecanoic acid (43.6%), heptadecene-8-carbonic acid (17.5%) and caryophyllene (8.4%). Seed oil exhibited inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus cereus, and Enterobacter aerogenes, while it showed no such inhibitory effect on fungal strains. The studies revealed that majority of the compounds in oil were saturated fatty acids and their derivatives. The oil possessed significant antibacterial activity against selected bacterial strains while tested fungal strains were completely resistant to B. papyrifera seed oil.

42 ref

002368   Myek B;Adesina O B;Ochigbo V;Batari M L (NO, , ) : Preliminary study on the production of activated carbon from Moringa oleifera seed shells by thermal activation method. J Modern Chem chem Technol 2015, 6(1), 13-6.

Activated carbon was prepared from Moringa oleifera seed shells by thermal activation method. The carbonization and activation temperatures were 500, 600 and 700°C respectively, at 13 min for each process after pre-carbonization for 25 min. The pH of the activated carbon produced were 9.55 at 500°C, 9.78 at 600°C and 9.97 at 700°C while the yield decreased with increase in temperature as follows: 30.40% at 500°C, 29.35% at 600°C and 16.95% at 700°C respectively. The results show that the capacity for a carbon to absorb impurities tend to improve as the temperature of the production increased.

ref

002367   Murugesan S;Senthilkumar N;Suresh Babu D; Rajasugunasekar D (Institute of Forest Genetics & Tree Breeding, , Coimbatore-541 002) : Chemical composition, antifeedant and insecticidal activities of tree borne oil seeds. Pestology 2016, 40(2), 29-41.

Medicinal/aromatic plants have long been the subject of intensive curiosity and need due to their biological potential. Extraction and characterization of several active phyto-conipounds from these green factories have given lead to the researchers in the development of environmentally safe methods of pests' control. Crude plant extracts often consist of complex mixtures of bioactive compounds that may show greater overall bioactivity compared to the individual constituents. The deleterious effects of crude plant extracts on insects are manifested in several ways including direct toxicity, feeding inhibition or mortality. The search for plant derived chemicals that have potential use as insecticides, antifeedants or growth inhibitors often begins with the screening of plant materials. Secondary chemical compounds that occur naturally in plants, which have the potential for application in environment friendly management of arthropod-pests, either as natural insecticides or as feeding deterrents/repellents or growth inhibitors/regulators. Hydnocarpus pentandra is one of the most significant plants due to the large scope for exploiting the species for secondary metabolites with medicinal properties. The oil fractions of H. pentandra were estimated for biochemical parameters and found to be a good source of Fatty acids, flavonoids and phenolic components. HPLC studies led to the identification of secondary compounds such as polycyclic unsaturated fatty acids such as hydnocarpic acid, chaulmoogric acid, gorlic acid and poly unsaturated and saturated fatty acids such as oleic acid and palmitic acids and non homologous group of fatty acids belongs to chaulmoogra group from the oil fractions of H.pentandra of which hydnocarpic acid was found in higher amount than other various fatty acids analysed.

7 illus, 6 tables, 12 ref

002366   Mohan M;Pandey A K;Singh P;Nautiyal M K;Gupta S (Uttarkhand Council for Biotechnology, Haldi, U.S. Nagar-263 146, Email: manmicro59@gmail.com) : Evaluation of Artemisia maritima L. essential oil for its chemical and biological properties against some foodborne pathogens. Analyt chem Lett 2016, 6(1), 47-54.

In the present study, GC and GC-MS analysis of Artemisia maritima essential oil revealed identification of 46 major and minor constituents representing 97.66% of oil sample. Of 46 components, 1,8-cineole (25.0%) was turned out as a major component followed by chrysanthenone (23.62%), germacrene D (7.37%) and borneol (3.36%). The oil has potent antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhimurium, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus with MIC and MBC values ranges of 391-3128 and 782-6256 μg ml-1. On antifungal screening against Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. ochraceus, A. parasiticus, A. terries, Fusarium moniliforme and Penicillium chrysogenum, the oil was found to be more susceptible towards A. niger (60.6%), A. ochraceus (56.1%) and A. terreus (58.3%). The findings concluded that essential oil of A. maritima can be used as potential antimicrobial agent against food borne pathogens.

3 tables, 31 ref

002365   Mishra G;Chagti K K (NO, Smt. Vidyawati College of Pharmacy, Gora Macchiya, Kanpur Road, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, Email: gaimamishra2708@gmail.com) : Evaluation of antioxidant activity of ethanolic extracts of Lens culinaris, Vigna unguiculata, Dolichos biflorus and Phaseolus vulgaris seeds. Int J Pharm Life Sci 2016, 7(2), 4900-2.

The present investigation has been carried out to determine the antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extracts obtained from plant seeds belonging to family Leguminosae i.e. Lens culinaris, Vigna unguiculata, Dolichos biflorus and Phaseolus. Phenolic compounds present in the extracts showed the antioxidant and antiradical properties when investigated using a ferrous ion chelating ability and reducing power assay. The results indicated that ethanolic extracts of all four plant seeds resembled in the aforementioned activities. Phenolic constituents contained in above mentioned plant seeds may have a future role as ingredients in the development of functional foods.

2 tables, 8 ref

002364   Kiran Kumari;Santosh Kumar (Horticulture Dep, G.B. Pant Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarkhand-263 145, Email: kiranflorihorti@gmail.com) : Effect of gamma irradiation on vegetative and propagule characters in gladiolus and induction of homeotic mutants. Int J Agric Envir Biotechnol 2015, 8(2), 413-22.

Uniform and healthy corms of eight gladiolus varieties (Yellow Golden, Nathan Red, White Friendship, American Beauty, Red Majesty, Purple Flora and Algarve) were irradiated with different doses (0, 25, 40, 55 and 70 Gy) of gamma rays from ^{60Co source and planted under open field condition in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with factorial concept. Each treatment was replicated thrice.Plants treated with higher doses (55 Gy and 70 Gy) showed deleterious effect of ionising radiations although at lowest dose (25 Gy) plants were not affected much. Plant height was reduced after irradiation as compare to untreated plants and was recorded minimum at highest doses. Number of shoots per plant was slightly increased at 25 Gy treatment (1.62) in vM₂ as compare to untreated plants (1.42). Significant effect of gamma irradiation on corm and cormel characters was noticed. Maximum number of corms per plant was recorded in plants treated with 25 Gy and minimum at 70 Gy. Among all the varieties Nathan Red had maximum number (1.75, 1.97) and weight (73.29gm, 79.33gm) of corms per plant in vM₁ as well as vM₂ generation. Number of cormels per plant was also reduced with the increase in gamma rays dose. Maximum number of cormels per plant (227.83) was recorded in the interaction of Algarve variety with 25 Gy gamma ray dose in vM₂. Homeotic mutants were isolated from all the varieties at 55 and 70 Gy except American Beauty and Red Majesty variety.}

4 tables, 18 ref

002363   Khehra S (Punjab Agricultural Univ, Farm Advisory Service Scheme, Tarn, Traan, Punjab, Email: savreetkhehra@pau.edu ) : Influence of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on properties of lemon-peel. Indian J Fertil 2016, 12(3), 60-3.

Peel, outer cover of fruit, plays an important role in holding pulp of the fruit. If the peel is weak, it will burst and juicy pulp will ooze out, deteriorating the fruit quality. Hence, it is important to study the influence of different inputs like fertilisers applied to the plant on fruit-peel with a view to develop strategies to maintain this balance. To study the impact of organic and inorganic nutrient sources on lemon-peel, experiments were laid out in a randomized block design at Punjab Government Progeny Orchard & Nursery, Attari, Amritsar during the fruiting years 2005 and 2006 with five treatments. During both the years, treatment T₅ viz. FYM (150 kg tree^{-1) + inorganic fertiliser (525 g N tree-1) + Azotobacter (18 g tree-1) produced the healthiest lemon; however; it was at par with T₄ treatment viz. FYM (75 kg tree-1) + inorganic fertiliser (350 g N tree-1) + Azotobacter (18 g tree-1).}

ref

002362   Kadali V N;Pola S R;Sandeep B V (Biotechnology Dep, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh-530 003, Email: venkatanarasimhakadali@gmail.com) : Anti cancer properties of plants present in West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh, India. Int J Pharmac 2016, 3(2), 82-6.

Cancer is an very fatal disease characterized by the abnormal growth of cells. Cancer is caused by various factors. Synthetic modern medicines have high toxic effects on other systems of the body such as renal system, circulatory system etc. In order to reduce those toxic effects scientific world is trying to find inhibitors from the herbal sources. Always the plants proved to be effective and efficient in curing fatal diseases. In this review an attempt has been made to review the some of the medicinal plants such as Allium sativum, Aloe vera, Curcuma longa, Picrorhiza kurroa, Withania somnifera, Ananas cosmosus, Annona squamosa etc., of about 10 species that have anti cancerous activity present in west godavari district of Andhra Pradesh, India.

1 table, 29 ref

002361   Kadali V N;Kindangi K R;Pola S R;Ramesh T; Sandeep B V (Biotechnology Dep, Andhra Univ, Visakahapatnam, Andhra Pradesh-530 003, Email: vnsimhakadali@gmail.com) : Cardio-protective plants present in West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh, India. Int J Pharmac 2016, 3(1), 19-25.

Cardiac diseases are responsible for more number of deaths in India and rest of the world. There are various synthetic drugs which are being used for cardiac diseases. The limitation of synthetic drugs is most of them shows anarchic side effects to human systems. Medicinal plants gaining lot of importance now a days because of efficacy they have been showing in the traditional healing. Plants are the exemplary source of inhibitors for various diseases. In this short review an attempt has been made to review the Medicinal plants which have potent cardioprotective activity that are present in the west godavari district of Andhra Pradesh, India such as Daucus carota, Hibiscus rosa sinensis, Bacopa monneira, Moringa oleifera etc., of about 10 plants were reviewed and their photographs have also been included in this review.

11 illus, 1 table, 19 ref

002360   Jain D;Rawat R;Jatav V K (Biotechnology Dep, MITS, Gwalior-474 005, Email: vinod.mits@gmail.com) : Phylogenetic analysis of ras subfamily proteins. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(3), 1070-80.

Cancer is primarily an environmental disease with 90-95% of cases attributed to environmental conditions and 5-10% due to genetics.RAS proteins act as binary molecular switches and play an important role in intracellular signal transduction which regulates processes such as actin cytoskeletal integrity, proliferation, differentiation, cell adhesion, apoptosis, and cell migration. The present bio-computational analysis was performed using web-based tools and servers. Multiple sequence alignment of selected human RAS subfamily proteins with other homologous sequences revealed highly conserved regions. The present work determined the physico-chemical properties of selected RAS proteins such as their hydrophilic nature; alpha-helical structure and close evolutionary relationship with higher vertebrates. Cancerous proteins (gi166706781, gi 4505451) from human having most of homology with the number of species. On the basis of this study we can suggest that these organisms can be taken for the further study and after the successful analysis, these can be implemented on humans.

24 ref

002359   Hemati A A;Arzi A;Khataminia M;Karampor N S; Dehghan M;Ebrahimi E (Pharmacology and Toxicology Dep, School of Pharmacy, Jundi Shapur Univ of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, Email: masoodkhataminia@yahoo.com) : Study effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Japanese persimmon fruit on formalin-induced inflammation in the rat. Int J Pharmac 2016, 3(1), 26-9.

The acute and chronic inflammation is the most important issue in the field of health. In addition, due to the side effects of synthetic drugs, herbal products are widely used in the control of inflammation. In this study was investigated the effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Japanese persimmon fruit on the formalin-induced inflammation in the rat paw.30 male wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: negative control, group treatment with 300mg /kg of aspirin (positive control group) and the groups treatment with 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg hydro-alcoholic extract of persimmon, respectively. The inflammation was established to sub-planter injection of 2.5% formalin in rats. Level of inflammation was measured to plethysmometer in six stages in rat paw. These results were showed that in the rats treatment with different concentrations of extract, inflammation was lower than the positive control group (p=0.05). In addition, the compression of between groups' treatment with the extract was determined that reduction of inflammation was as dose depend manner (p=0.05). We conclude that Japanese persimmonmay be useful for management of inflammation but need to perform further studies.

2 illus, 20 ref

002358   Haque M U;Ferdiousi N;Sajon S R (Pharmacy Dep, Jessore Univ of Science and Technology, Jessore-7408, Bangladesh, Email: uzzalphr07@gmail.com) : Anti-cancer agents derived from plant and dietary sources. Int J Pharmac 2016, 3(2), 55-66.

Cancer is a disease of deregulated cellular behavior. Acquisition of oncogenic attributes, loss of tumor suppressive functions, evasion of physiological tissue architecture and interactions with the cellular microenvironment enable malignant cells to escape the mechanisms of normal cellular homeostasis in an organism. Cancer cells are therefore able to sustain unlimited proliferation, to thrive under conditions that preclude normal cell survival, and to spread to distant sites through the process of metastasis. Natural products are important sources of new anticancer drugs, new drug leads and new chemical entities. The plant based drug discovery resulted mainly in the development of anticancer agents including plants (vincristine, vinblastine, paclitaxel, etoposide, camptothecin, topotecan and irinotecan). Beside this there is numerous agents identified from fruits and vegetables can used in anticancer therapy. The agents include curcumin (turmeric), resveratrol (red grapes, peanuts and berries), genistein (soybean), diallyl sulfide (allium), S-allyl cysteine (allium), allicin (garlic), lycopene (tomato), capsaicin (red chilli), diosgenin (fenugreek), 6-gingerol (ginger), ellagic acid (pomegranate), ursolic acid (apple, pears, prunes), silymarin (milk thistle), anethol (anise, camphor, and fennel), catechins (green tea), eugenol (cloves), indole-3-carbinol (cruciferous vegetables), limonene (citrus fruits), beta carotene (carrots), and dietary fiber. In this review active principle derived from natural products are offering a great opportunity to evaluate not only totally new chemical classes of anticancer agents, but also novel lead compound and potentially relevant mechanisms of action.

2 illus, 3 tables, 56 ref

002357   Gupta R;Tarun Kumar;Mittal A (Biotechnology Engineering Dep, Univ Institute of Enginnering & Technology, Kurukshetra Univ, Kurukshetra, Haryana-136 119, Email: amitakuk@gmail.com) : Isolation, identification and characterization of heavy metal resistant bacteria from soil of an iron idustry, Haryana (India). Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(3), 1308-13.

Metallic contaminants in the soil are hazardous and their accumulation in plants and water may be dangerous. Microorganisms have properties to adsorb, absorb and accumulate heavy metals. Moreover, they play the role of problem solver by resolving key problems associated with different kinds of metals. The study was undertaken to isolate and identify heavy metal resistant bacteria in soil around iron industries of Sonipat district in Haryana (India). Eight isolates were selected on the basis of heavy metal tolerance and antibiotic resistance in the secondary screening. Out of eight, one of the strain was authentically identified as Rhizobium halophytocola strain KT327204.1 (RT7) on the basis of morphological, biochemical, 16S rDNA gene sequencing and phylogeny analysis. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of isolate against Mn (7mM), Ni (1mM), Pb (3mM) and Fe (1mM) was determined in solid media. The identified isolate showed optimum growth at 37°C, 7.0pH and at NaCl concentration of 1% (w/v).

30 ref

002356   Gupta R;Soni S (Biotechnology Dep, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Univ of Pune, Ganeshkhind, Pune-411 016, Email: gupta_r13@yahoo.co.in) : Perchlorate uptake and its effect on physiological, biochemical and growth parameters of eucalyptus plant under ammonium perchlorate stress. Int J Agric Envir Biotechnol 2015, 8(2), 335-46.

Perchlorate is a significant environmental pollutant affecting public health. When entered in ecosystem it is highly toxic. Present investigation focused on the influence of perchlorate on physiological and biochemical parameters of Eucalyptus citriodora and also its accumulation in plant tissue and depletion from soil. Eucalyptus plants were treated with varying concentration of ammonium perchlorate from 1000ppm, 2000ppm, 5000ppm and 10000 ppm. Perchlorate inside the plant tissue and in soil was quantified at regular intervals. Amount of perchlorate inside plant tissue observed to increase with number of days after treatment and is proportional to concentration of perchlorate in soil. Morphological characters like shoot length, root length, number of leaf were observed to decrease with increasing concentration of perchlorate. The present study revealed decrease in chlorophyll and reducing sugar content in leaf tissue under varying concentration of perchlorate and is indirectly proportional to amount of perchlorate. While total protein, proline, and phenol content showed a gradual increase with increase in concentration of perchlorate and in different experimental set up, suggesting increase in non-enzymatic stress parameters with increased level of toxicity. An increased activity of peroxidase enzyme was observed with increased dose of ammonium perchlorate. It can be concluded that perchlorate related influence on plant are both qualitative and quantitative and depends upon its concentration and duration of exposure.

4 illus, 4 tables, 25 ref

002355   Gupta R K;Gaur H;Pati J K;Pandey A (Chemistry Dep, CMP Degree College (Constituent College of Univ of Allahabad), Allahabad-211 002, Email: archanaapandey@yahoo.co.in) : Evaluation of antioxidant potential of different extracts of mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.) rhizome. Int J pharm Sci Res 2015, 6(9), 3986-9.

The Zingiberaceae has the great importance in the plant kingdom because the members of this family give up spices, perfumes, dyes and valuable medicines. Alongside, a number of species of this family are cultivated for flowering. Mango ginger is one of the important species of this family having medicinal and biological properties such as antiageing, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antifungal, platelet aggregation inhibition activity and analgesic activity. In Ayurveda and Unani medicines of system, its rhizomes are useful as expectorant, appetizer, alexteric and laxtative. The rhizomes of mango ginger are also used in skin diseases, bronchitis, asthama and inflammatiom. Present examination aims to evaluate and compare antioxidant potential of different extracts of mango ginger using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay. In this study, methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of mango ginger rhizomes was estimated as good antioxidant activity which is may be due to phenolics, curcuminoids, essential oil, terpinoids and flavonids present in good amounts in these extracts, whereas dichloromethane and aqueous extracts has very little capability of radical scavenging activity.

26 ref

002354   Gupta G K;Jangir O P (Biotechnology Dep, IASE Deemed Univ, Sardarshahr, Rajasthan, Email: govind.shah1987@gmail.com ) : Emblica officinalis enhances cardiac tissue regeneration in tadpoles of the frog rana cyanophlyctis (Schneider). Int J pharm Sci Res 2015, 6(9), 4026-35.

Emblica officinalis and its derivative (Ascorbic acid) have profound effect on development and regeneration and are widely used in the Indian System of medicine for the treatment of different type of disease. Here, we discussed the comprehensive account of the effect of aqueous extract of the fruit of E.officinalis with special reference to cardiac tissue regeneration in frog tadpoles. E.officinalis was found to be a good model to accelerate regeneration ability of infracted cardiac cells which further give rise to intact cardiac part (intact ventricle part) in all mode of experiment employed i.e insitu (in vivo), in transplantation setup and in culture medium. The most spectacular case was rhythmic beating of implanted cardiac tissue at ectopic site of tail of E.officinalis treated tadpoles. The E.officinalis supplemented cultures were also appeared to be a suitable for investigating the changes occurred during regeneration and differentiation of cardiac muscles.

15 ref

002353   Guleria N;Ramanjini Gowda P H (Plant Biotechnology Dep, Univ of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore-560 065) : Efficient regeneration and genetic transformation protocol of Coleus forskohlii using biolistic gun. Int J Agric Envir Biotechnol 2015, 8(2), 227-35.

An efficient selection and plant regeneration protocol for biolistic gun transformation using leaf derived callus of Coleus forskohlii has been developed. Highest regeneration frequency 90% with 50 shoots per callus clump was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with benzylaminopurine (BAP) 2.0 mg L-1 + naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) 0.5 mg L-1 The rate of shoot multiplication was increased with each subculture. Rhizogenesis was obtained on the same media composition. The in vitro raised plants were established successfully in sand and cocopeat (1:1). Callus of C. forskohlii was bombarded using biolistic gun with pABC plasmid DNA which contains β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene and Arabidopsis thaliana white brown complex homologs (AtWBC19) as selectable marker gene. Kanamycin in the shoot induction medium was compared qualitatively and quantitatively for its efficiency as a selection agent for the selection and regeneration of transgenic plants after biolistic gun transformation. Kanamycin levels at or above 50mg L-1 completely inhibited growth of untransformed shoots. The integration of selectable marker gene GUS and AtWBC 19 into the genome of transgenic plants was confirmed using histoenzymatic GUS assay and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) respectively. These results pave the way for the transformation of Coleus forskohlii with desirable genes.

6 illus, 1 table, 35 ref

002352   Dhaliwal H S;Sharma N;Bano A;Kumar S;Sharma V (Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal Univ, Baru Sahib-173 101, Email: vivek03sharma@rediffmail.com) : Non-enzymatic assay based in-vitro antioxidant activity and phytochemical screening of freeze dried wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings juice powder: nature's finest medicine-part-II. Int J pharm Sci Res 2015, 6(9), 4036-46.

Free radical scavenging potential and phytochemical analysis of the two different extracts of lyophilized wheat seedling juice powder (WSJP) Triticum aestivum L.(Gramineae),"Nature's Finest Medicine" was evaluated in vitro by using diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay and preliminary phytochemical analysis. In this method the antioxidants present in WSJP extracts reacted with DPPH, which is a stable free radical and converted it to 1,1-diphenyl-1,2-picryl, hydrazine. The scavenging effect of plant extracts and standard (L-ascorbic acid) on the DPPH radical decreased in the following order: L-ascorbic acid <62> Methanolic extract (I) <62> Water extract (II) and it was found to be 97.3%, 58.6% and 35.1% at concentration of 100 μg/mL, respectively. The results were expressed as IC₅₀. Ascorbic acid which was used as a standard showed an IC₅₀ of 19.2 μg/mL, whereas, the crude methanolic (I) and water (II) extracts of lyophilized wheat seedlings juice powder showed antioxidant activity with IC₅₀ values of 81.4 and131.3, respectively at 1-100 μg/mL concentration. None of the extracts were found to be more active than the standard i.e. ascorbic acid. But still, free radical scavenging activity of methanolic (I) and water (II) extracts were confirmed in the present investigation. In the present study, different extracts of lyophilized wheat grass juice powder showed concentration dependent free radical scavenging activity. Significant results were recorded first time in the given estimated parameters. Therefore, this is a pioneer attempt towards the prevention and treatment of various ailments and especially antiaging properties and better understanding of therapeutic potential of WSJP not described earlier.

46 ref

002351   Dhakar M K;Singh A K;Patel V B;Singh S K; Datta S P;Rajesh Kumar;Khanna M (Fruits and Horticultural Technology Div, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012) : Effect of different nitrogen sources and nitrification inhibitors on soil nitrogen distribution in kinnow orchard. Indian J Hort 2015, 72(2), 178-82.

A field experiment was conducted on 2-year-old Kinnow mandarin to find out effect of different nitrogen sources and nitrification inhibitors on ammonical and nitrate nitrogen distribution in Kinnow young plants during 2011-12. There were 13 treatments comprising four nitrogen sources (ammonium sulphate, calcium nitrate, mixture of ammonium sulphate and calcium nitrate and urea), two nitrification inhibitor (dicyandiamide 5% of fertilizers, meliacin 0.1% of fertilizers) and control. Recommended fertilizers dose was applied in three splits, i.e. in February, June and September. Nitrification inhibitors were mixed with different nitrogenous fertilizers before application and then applied in the field. The process of nitrification slow down when N-fertilizers (ammonium sulphate, mixture of ammonium sulphate & calcium nitrate and urea) treated with DCD and meliacins. Thus the inhibitory effect of DCD and meliacins on the nitrification process resulted in more NH₄^{+ accumulation in soil. The concentration of NH₄+-N in soil at 0-30 (44.1, 55.7, 42.7 mg kg-1 soil below drippers and 37.8, 41.9, 36.0 mg kg-1 soil at 30 cm away from drippers) and 30-60 cm depth (24.2, 20.2, 23.2 mg kg-1 soil below drippers and 20.0, 23.5, 23.6 mg kg-1 soil at 30 cm away from drippers) in all three split applications respectively, was significantly higher when ammonium sulphate followed by urea fertilizers treated with DCD than they are in alone form. Due to nitrification inhibitors, NO₃--N availability remains high on surface level, reduced NO₃- leaching and increase N fertilizer utilization efficiency in Kinnow production.}

3 tables, 14 ref

002350   Churihar R;Solanki P;Vyas S;Tanwani H;Atal S (Pharmacology Dep, M.G.M. Medical College, A.B. Road, Indore, Madhya Pradesh-452 001, Email: dr.riteshchurihar@gmail.com) : Analgesic activity of cinnamaldehyde per se and its interaction with diclofenac sodium and pentazocine in swiss albino mice. Int J Pharmac 2016, 3(2), 97-102.

Cinnamon is one of the best-known spices used as an herbal medicine. Cinnamaldehyde is the most important constituents of cinnamon. The present study was aimed to evaluate the analgesic activity of Cinnamaldehyde per se and its interaction with diclofenac sodium and pentazocine in Swiss albino mice. Healthy mice of either sex weighing 20-30 grams were divided into 6 groups of 6 animals each. Peripheral analgesic activity was evaluated by acetic acid induced writhing test and central analgesic activity was studied using Eddy's hot plate method. Cinnamaldehyde (100 and 200 mg/kg) and its combination (Cinnamaldehyde 100 + 2.5 mg/kg standard drug), diclofenac sodium (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) and pentazocine (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) were given orally. Acetic acid induced writhing model showed that diclofenac sodium at doses of 2.5 and 5 mg/kg reduces writhing 44% and 66% respectively as compared to control when administered alone. Cinnamaldehyde at 100 and 200 mg/kg showed dose dependent decrease in writhes 54% and 81%, but when Cinnamaldehyde (100 mg/kg) was Co administered with diclofenac sodium (2.5mg/kg) showed significant decrease in writhes 84.43% with respect to control. While in Eddy's hot plate method Cinnamaldehyde not only showed hyperalgesia when given alone as compared to control, but also decreases the analgesic effect of pentazocine when combined with pentazocine in comparison with pentazocine alone and control group. The findings suggest that the Cinnamaldehyde significantly increases the analgesic activity of diclofenac sodium, but decreases the analgesic activity of pentazocine.

2 tables, 26 ref

002349   Bhandari S;Bisht N S (Botany Dep, H.N.B Garhwal Univ (A Central Univ), Pauri Campus, Pauri, Garhwal-246 001, Email: snehlb@yahoo.co.in) : Tissue culture studies in some medicinal plants associated with the treatment of diabetes mellitus. J Mount Res 2015, 10(Dec), 89-98.

Diabetes mellitus is an important human ailment afflicting a large number of people in India especially in the urban areas. About 60 % of the world population is using medicinal plants for the treatment of many diseases. In Indian and other ancient systems of the world, a large number of plants are used for the treatment of this deadly disease. The present paper reviews the biotechnological approach for the conservation and development of such medicinal plants. Gymnema sylvestre, Ficus engalensis, Momordica charantia, Phyllanthus amarus, Tinospora cordifolia, Trigonella foenum gniL'cuin. Allhim salivum and Withania somnifera are some medicinal plants that have active lypoglycemic principles which seem to act directly on pancreas and stimulate insulin level in blood. Plants showing anti diabetic activities are indiscriminately collected from the wild and their natural population is at great risk. Many medicinal plants are disappearing at an alarming rate. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the conservation of these plants through biotechnological approach like tissue culture. Present paper presents a short review on conservation of some important medicinal plants used in the treatment of diabetes.

38 ref

002348   Banswal A K;Dilta B S;Sharma B P;Baweja H S; Gupta Y C (Floriculture and Landscaping Dep, Dr YS Parmar Univ of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan-173 230, Email: avneeshban@gmail.com) : Effect of bulb sizes, growing substrates and paclobutrazol doses on potten chincherinchee (Ornithogalum thyrsoides Jacq.). Indian J Hort 2015, 72(2), 257-61.

The experiment was carried out during 2010- 2011 to find out the suitable bulb size, growing substrate and paclobutrazol dose for desirable growth, flowering and display ability of potted chincherinchee (Ornithogalum thyrsoides Jacq.). The experimental treatments comprised of three sizes (<62>2.0-2.5, <62>2.5-3.0 and <62>3.0-3.5 cm) and five growing substrates and three doses of paclobutrazol (0, 10 and 20 ppm). In general, bulb sizes, growing substrates and paclobutrazol doses have exhibited significant effects on various growth, flowering and pot display ability attributes of chincherinchee. The highest values for most of the desirable parameters, viz., plant spread (23.39 cm), number of florets opening at a time (28.56), duration of flowering (39.11 days) and pot display ability score (80.44) were recorded in S₃ x M₃ x P₂ in rhododendron forest soil + FYM + vermicompost (2:1:1, v/v) and spraying of plants with 20 ppm paclobutrazol.

4 tables, 10 ref

002347   Baby B;Ravisankar V;Nair L S;Nazeem P A (Bioinformatics Centre, College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural Univ, Kerala, Email: bic@kau.in) : Inhibition of mycobacterial glycosyltransferases with phytocompounds- An in-silico approach. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(3), 1125-30.

Emergence of Mycobacteria that are resistant to common antibiotics necessitate development of novel antibacterial drugs. The complexity of mycobacterial cell envelope plays an important role in its defense against antimicrobial activity of human immune system. The cell wall of Mycobacteria constitutes a set of carbohydrate-containing molecules. Glycosyltransferases, the glycan processing enzymes play a significant role in assembling these moieties. Targeting these enzymes could therefore interfere with the virulence of the pathogen thus leading to non-proliferation or its death. The significant role of these enzymes makes them novel targets for drug action. Natural products are important sources of pharmacologically relevant compounds. The present study has been undertaken to evaluate the inhibition potential of selected phytochemicals against glycosyltransferases of Mycobacterium. Fourteen antimicrobial phytochemicals were selected from the NCBI Pubchem Database. These phytochemicals were further screened using Lipinski's rule of five. Molecular docking was performed to identify new potential inhibitors against Mycobacterial glycosyltransferases using Discovery studio 4.0 with these compounds. These sets of phytochemicals were further screened for toxicity using ADMET descriptors. The compounds were analyzed based on the binding affinity. Gingerol was identified as the best compound in this study based on its dock score, binding affinity and ADMET analysis.

15 ref

002346   Azmi L;Gupta S S;Shukla I;Kant P;Upreti D K; Rao C V (Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001, Email: chvrao72@yahoo.com) : Gastro protective effects of Usnea longissima metabolites on probiotic Lactobacillus, casei. Int J Pharmac 2016, 3(3), 140-8.

Protective effect of probiotic combination of Usnic acid and Lactobacillus casei in experimentally induced ulcer in rats was investigated. Rats inward Usnic acid (100 mg/kg), L. casei (10^{-8 con.), Usnic acid (100 mg/kg) + L. casei (10-8 con.), and omeprazole (30 mg/kg) twice daily for 5 days for prevention against aspirin (ASP), ethanol (EtOH), cold restraint stress (CRS) and pylorus ligation-induced ulcer (PL). The results of present study showed first time that the Usnic acid (100mg/kg) + L. casei (10-8 con.) as probiotic combination significantly inhibited the ulcer index in ASP, EtOH, CRS and PL to 3.4 ± 0.12, 6.3 ± 1.8, 3.4 ± 0.8 and 4.3 ± 0.9 (p<60>0.001) respectively, as compared to control group (19.2 ± 1.6, 22.5 ± 6.3, 24.2 ± 3.2, 14.2 ± 2.7). Besides Usnic acid (100 mg/kg) + L. casei (10-8 con.) offered protection (72%, p<60>0.001) against ethanol induced depletion of gastric wall mucus. The Usnic acid (100mg/kg) + L. casei (10-8 con.) showed significant inhibition of lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase (5.46 ± 1.30, 120.6 ± 3.2) (p<60>0.01, p<60>0.001) respectively and enhance activity of catalase (32.2 ± 1.3, p<60>0.001) upto healthy group range (34.2 ± 2.7, p<60>0.001). However, it elevated the decreased level of PGE₂ from 0.62 ± 0.12 (p<60>0.05) to 2.03 ± 0.51 (p<60>0.001) as compare to omeprazole. These results suggest that probiotic combination could attenuate the severity of gastric ulcer and prevent the toxicity level of Usnic acid in liver.}

3 illus, 2 tables, 41 ref

002345   Asha-Augustine;Imelda-Joseph;Paul Raj R;David N S (ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, , Post Box 1603, Ernakulam North P.O., Kochi-682 018, Email: dr.ashaaugustine@gmail.com) : Growth kinetic profiles of Aspergillus niger S₁4 a mangrove isolate and Aspergillus oryzae NCIM 1212 in solid state fermentation. Indian J Fish 2015, 62(3), 100-6.

Aspergillus niger is one among the many species of fungi thriving in mangrove ecosystem with potential for biotechnological and industrial applications. Understanding the growth profile and kinetics is of use in studying dynamics of mangrove ecosystem. In the present investigations, empirical equations and growth models commonly used in elucidating the dynamic nature of growth were fitted to the data of the biomass, protein and glucosamine levels during solid state fermentation (SSF) with wheat bran as substrate using Aspergillus niger S₁4, a fungal isolate from mangrove and Aspergillus oryzae NCIM 1212, an industrial strain. Linear, exponential, two-phase models, logistic equations, Richards, Michaelis-Menten, Weibull, Modified Gompertz and Morgan-Mercer-Flodin models were used. Among the models, logistic equation and Michaelis- Menten model could provide an adequate fit to the biomass variation for 21 days. The protein and glucosamine contents followed a different trend compared to the direct biomass measurements which made them inept for growth kinetic studies of the two fungal strains in SSF.

10 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

002344   Arun Kumar N;Sharmila R;Akila K;Jaikumar B (Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Dep, Bishop Heber College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli-620 014, Email: sharmilabiotech81@gmail.com ) : In-silico approach for the assessment of oral cancer property on Limonia acidissima. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(3), 1271-5.

Cancer is the abandoned growth of cells that invade and cause damage to surrounding tissue. Oral cancer appears as a growth or uncomfortable in the mouth that does not go away. Oral cancer, which includes cancers of the lips, tongue, cheeks, floor of the mouth, hard and soft palate, sinuses, and pharynx (throat). Tabocco and alcohol are recognized as the foremost risk factor for this oral cancer. HER2 (human epidermal growth factor 2) is one of the protein that plays a vital role in the growth of oral cancer. Limonia acidissima is widely known as wood apple against oral cancer an in-silico approach. The compounds of wood apple showed their anticancer properties against HER2 protein which could be used for further analysis.

4 ref

002343   Anju A;Jeswin J;Thomas P C;Paulton M P; Vijayan K K (Marine Biotechnology Div, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, P B. No. 1603 Emakulam North P. O., Kochi-682 018, Email: anju.moonjely@gmail.com) : Messenger RNA expression of pattern recogintion receptor proteins in the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata (Gould, 1850) in response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Indian J Fish 2015, 62(3), 151-6.

Pattern recognition receptor proteins (PRP) are capable of binding specifically to conserved portion of microbial cell wall components and they are involved in the recognition of different immune modulators. Proteins such as F-type lectin, galectin and LGBP play protective role in innate immunity of invertebrates. The time dependent expression of F-type lectin gene as well as galectin and LGBP genes was determined after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata. A significant increase of mRNA expression levels of all the three genes under study was observed in haemocytes, reaching a maximum level at 8 h post-challenge and then declined to basal levels at 36 h. These results suggest that PRPs play a critical role in the innate immune system of the pearl oyster P. fucata.

1 illus, 1 table, 45 ref

002342   Amaley S H;Sapkal R S;Sapkal V S (NO, , ) : Pervaporation: Promising method for separation of ethanol using fermentation. J Modern Chem chem Technol 2015, 6(1), 17-24.

Various separation processes were used in the chemical industry along with their corresponding separating agents. The separation processes play a critical role in various chemical process industries, including the removal of impurities from raw materials, purification of products, separation of recycle streams, and removal of contaminants from air and effluents. Hence, it can be intensified by integrating existing and new unit operations, it offers a huge increase in efficiency and controllability, thereby saving a lot of raw materials and energy, reducing waste production, increasing yield and quality and improving production safety. This review, deals on the development and implementation of small scale continuous processes and processing systems helping chemical industries to get more out of their processes. A new hybrid processes combining functions like conversion and separation into a single unit i.e. in-situ or ex-situ type can be developed.

ref

002341   Al-Sbani N H;Abdullah S R S;Idris M;Hassan H A;Jehawi O H;Ismail N I (Chemical and Process Engineering Dep, Faculty of Engineering and Built, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Malaysia, Email: neam2009@yahoo.com) : Toxicity test of hydrocarbon exposure on Lepironia articulate in phytoremediation process. Asian J Chem 2016, 28(1), 30-4.

The green technology became the world's attention including the use of plants (phytoremediation) to remove and degrade the contaminants. Phytoremediation need to identify these plants and its ability to resist toxicity of contaminants before a full-scale system can be installed to ensure that the remedy is effective by selected plants. The aim of this study is to investigate the ability of a native plant in Malaysia (Lepironia articulate) to survive when exposed to different diesel concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 35 and 40 mL diesel/L water). This was done with two adopted flow systems, free surface (FSF) and sub-surface flow (SSF) to observe in which system the plant can survive and tolerate diesel better. At the end of diesel exposure, the result indicated that the plant growth in sub-surface flow was better compared to the free surface system. It was observed that 33% of the plants wilted after exposure to diesel concentrations of 30 and 35 mL/L and 66.7% withered in 40 mL/L diesel concentration in sub-surface flow. While in free surface, 66.7% of plants wilted at 10 and 20 mL/L and 100% of plants wilted at 30, 35 and 40 mL/L. Hence, L. articulate had better growth when exposed to diesel in a sub-surface flow system.

7 illus, 1 table, 44 ref

002340   Ahmad S;Akbar U;Asif H M;Khaliq F H;Khurshid U (Pharmacy Dep, Faculty of Pharmacy & Alternative Medicine, The Islamia Univ of Bahawa, Pakistan, Email: doctor.asif101@gmail.com) : Phytochemistry, medicinal wealth and nutritional strength of Moringa oleifera Lam.(Moringaceae). Int J Pharmac 2016, 3(3), 115-30.

Moringa oleifera Lam. is the most imperativeand legendary species of family Moringaceae. It is called as Soanjna in local language (Punjabi). It has noteworthy medicinal and nutritional significance for both human as well as for animals. Traditionally it is recommended to treat many ailments and to contest malnutrition mostly in tropics. It has scores of pharmacological activities such as anticancer, antioxidant, antispasmodics, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiasthmatic, antidiabetic, antiarthritis, antiurolithiatic, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, cardioprotective, antipyretic and antiulcer etc. Its non-food benefits such as purification of water, as biodiesel oil and bio-enhancing activity are also valuable. The present review on the phytochemistry, pharmacology and nutritional strength of Moringa oleifera is an effort to give an updated literature appraisal of its properties.

4 tables, 135 ref

001308   Yadu A;Sahariah B P;Anandkumar J (NO, , ) : Studies on biological degradation of 4-bromophenol using anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic bioreactors. J Modern Chem chem Technol 2016, 7(1), 37-41.

The present study investigates biodegradation of 4-Bromophenol (4-BP) and simultaneous removal of COD in anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic moving bed bioreactors. Cow dung slurry was used as a source of microbial consortium for acclimatization in moving bed reactors in batch mode. The acclimated microbial consortium was able to degrade various concentrations such as 5, 10 and 15 mg/l of 4-BP within specific time period. Biodegradation was evaluated by determining total degradation of 4-BP and simultaneous removal of COD. Nearly 97, 90.54 and 98.99% degradation of 4-BP and 76, 60 and 85% removal of COD was achieved in anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic reactor, respectively.

001307   Yadav S K;Singh P;Dubey K K;Singh B P (Molecular and Cellular Engineering Dep, Jacob School of Biotechnology and Bio-Engineering, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, Email: drpoonam.singh1@gmail.com) : Combined mutagenic improvement of Bacillus licheniformis SK7 for cost-effective protease production. Asian J Bio Sci 2016, 11(1), 91-4.

The strain improvement of developed Bacillus licheniformis SK7 was achieved with the combination of physical and chemical agents i.e., UV + NTG + EMS by gradually mutation and positive selection. In case of UV light 99 per cent killing for successful selection of mutants was 6 min and 10 cm distance from source, while in case of EMS and NTG the concentration found effective was200 μM, 30 μM, respective for 15 min. The mutant Bacillus licheniformis SK7SN43 was successfully developed and found stable having higher production of protease (662 U/ml) under optimized medium and physical conditions of fermentation than the wild type Bacillus licheniformis SK7 (472 U/ml) under the same conditions of fermentation.

3 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

001306   Wagh D;Kulkarni M;Hanagal D;Mhase N (Biochemistry Div, Chemistry Dep, Savitribai Phule Univ of Pune, Pune, Email: kulmv@yahoo.com) : Effect of soil pH on Meloidogyne species in Piper betel by path analysis study. Indian J Nematol 2015, 45(1), 71-80.

In present study, effect of various edaphic factors on spatial distribution of Meloidogyne spp in betel vine fields was analyzed statistically. Linear regression and path coefficient analysis quantified direct and indirect effects of the edaphic factors on nematode density. Soil pH (P = -0.727, a d" 0.05) was found to be negatively affecting the density of nematodes. Other edaphic factors such as, EC, P and Na showed significant correlation with nematode density. Path analysis and regression analysis enabled determination of hypothetical equations which could be sufficiently useful in determining the most suitable selection factor for nematode abundance.

1 illus, 4 tables, 40 ref

001305   Vinze H (NO, , ) : Importance of genetic identification of ayurvedic plants. J Natn Integrat Med Ass 2016, 58(2), 5-7.

7 ref

001304   Tripathy B;Lall R;Singh P (Molecular and Cellular Engineering Dep, Jacob School of Biotechnology and Bio-Engineering, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, Email: rohit.lall@shiats.edu.in) : Molecular identification of begomovirus causing leaf curl disease in potato plant through PCR. Asian J Bio Sci 2016, 11(1), 56-60.

Diseases caused by geminiviruses have long been recognized as a limitation to the cultivation of several important crops, including maize, cassava; bean, squash, potato and tomato, in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. More recently, geminivirus diseases, particularly those transmitted by whiteflies, have become an even greater threat to agriculture due to the appearance of a new and more aggressive whitefly biotype. This has renewed interest in the study of geminivirus pathogenesis and epidemiology and has stimulated work on the development of virus-resistant crop plants. Recognition of disease symptoms in field samples was done and total genomic DNA was isolated from the diseased and healthy samples. The viral genome was amplified using specific two sets of primers CP and ROJAS, was checked by agarose gel electrophoresis resulted in no amplification in case of CP and 1.2kb DNA fragments with ROJAS primer gave the confirmation of presence of DNA-A. The evidence for the presence of DNA-A was obtained from PCR amplification.

6 illus, 5 tables, 14 ref

001303   Tiwari S;Verma O P;Shukla S (Molecular and Cellular Engineering Dep, Jacob School of Biotechnology and Bio-Engineering, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, Email: tiwarisuman19@gmail.com) : Isolation, partial purification, product formation and characterization of β-glucosidase from roots of Hordeum vulgare L.. Asian J Bio Sci 2016, 11(1), 52-5.

Beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) was extracted from roots ofHordeum vulgare and was purified using ammonium sulphate fractional precipitation and sephadex G-25 chromatography. The molecular weight of enzyme was found in the range of 17-54KDa. The enzyme β-glucosidase has optimum pH 5.0 and the optimum temperature was found at 60°C. Bioethanol was produced from roots of Hordeum vulgare.

4 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref

001302   Tiwari A;Verma O P;Tripathi M (Molecular and Cellular Engineering Dep, Jacob School of Biotechnology and Bio-Engineering, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, Email: om.verma@shiats.edu.in) : Isolation and PGPR characterization of cadmium resistant strains RCP 1 in cadmium contaminated soil. Asian J Bio Sci 2016, 11(1), 17-22.

Resistance and tolerance are arbitrarily defined terms frequently interchangeable and after based on weather a given isolate can grow in the presence of selected heavy metal concentration in laboratory media. Total bacterial strains were isolated and screened on the basis of their heavy metal tolerance ability for cadmium and their PGPR activity. It was estimated that they have good tolerance power for cadmium, the heavy metals and are plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. If we study morphological aspects we can say that Gram negative rods are more efficient in tolerating heavy metals. By performing different PGPR test it was proved that the isolated strains have PGPR activity can be used as biopesticides and biofertilizers. At pH 7 and 28°C temperature strain RCP1 was resistant to heavy metal but at pH 9, the growth was inhibited in presence of heavy metal. There were high growth rate of strain RCP 1 at 28°C. Strain RCP 1 grew at neutral and alkaline pH also, but in presence of heavy metal growth was increased. In presence of heavy metal, strain RCP 1 increased the root and shoot length as well as fresh and dry weight also. So, the microbes isolated from RCP 1 that must have good tolerance power and developed resistance mechanism for their survival and thus, can be helpful in bioremediation.

4 illus, 5 tables, 24 ref