001301   Tiwari A;Verma O P;Tripathi M (Molecular and Cellular Engineering Dep, Jacob School of Biotechnology and Bio-Engineering, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, Email: om.verma@shiats.edu.in) : Isolation and functional characterization of cadmium resistant strains RCP 1 using agronomical parameter of chaulai (Amaranthus tricolor L.). Asian J Bio Sci 2016, 11(1), 6-11.

Resistance and tolerance are arbitrarily defined terms frequently interchangeable and after based on weather a given isolate can grow in the presence of selected heavy metal concentration in laboratory media. Total bacterial strains were isolated and screened on the basis of their heavy metal tolerance ability for cadmium and their PGPR activity. It was estimated that they have good tolerance power for cadmium the heavy metals and are plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. If we study morphological aspects we can say that Gram negative rods are more efficient in tolerating heavy metals. In case of treatment I, fresh weight was increased 22.22 per cent and dry weight was increased 20.73 per cent compared to positive control. In case of treatment II, fresh weight was increased 42 per cent and dry weight was increased 20 per cent compared to negative control. In case of negative control, fresh weight was decreased 56.52 per cent and dry weight was decreased 50 per cent compared to positive control. By performing experiment it was proved that the cadmium concentration reduced significant percentage of chaulai fresh weight and dry weight but increased when treated with strain RCP 1.

7 illus, 6 tables, 20 ref

001300   Tiwari A;Pandey A;Verma O P (Molecular and Cellular Engineering Dep, Jacob School of Biotechnology and Bio-Engineering, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, Email: om.verma@shiats.edu.in) : Antibacterial activity of Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Phyllanthus emblica (Amla). Asian J Bio Sci 2016, 11(1), 37-41.

Plant extracts continues the numerous searches for more effective drugs of plant origin which are less toxic and available for low socio-economic population in the treatment of diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria. The potential for developing antibacterial from higher plants appears rewarding as it will result to the development of a phytomedicine to act against microbes. The Azadirachta indica, Ocimum sanctum and Phyllanthus emblica extracts were tested for antibacterial activity by spread plate method against four pathogens Escherichia. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Nessieria flavescenes,. It was found that gram negative bacteria were largely inhibited by the extract of amlathan that of neem and tulsi. The zone of inhibition was measured which showed that extract of amla was of high antibacterial activity as compared to meem and tulsi. Methanol extracts were more active than the aqueous extract against all the bacteria. The zones of inhibition were ranging from 1-3.5 cm in diameter. The highest zone of inhibitions (3.5cm) was noted in methanol extract of P. emblica against S. aureus. The highest yield of methanolic extract was found in Azadiracta indica (29.08%). The extract of Ocimum sanctum and Phyllanthus emblica were most effective against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

8 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

001299   Sunanda Y;Sarangthem K (Life Sciences Dep Plant Physiology Section, Centre for Advanced Study, Manipur Univ, Canchipur, Manipur, Email: kananbala_s@rediffmail.com) : Preliminary studies on bioactive components of Dendrobium species found in Manipur. Asian J Bio Sci 2016, 11(1), 182-5.

Northeast India harbors rich diversity of orchid species under the family Orchidaceae. This may be attributed to the climatic and topographic conditions favorable for the growth of orchids. Manipur is also a home to 66 genera of orchids belonging to the family Orchidaceae. Of these, around 50 species belongs to the genus Dendrobium. Dendrobium species is a rich source of many bioactive components like alkaloids, flavonoids, stilbenoids, phenanthrene, polysaccharides etc. which can be used for many therapeutic purposes. Little or less work has been done on the quality and quantity assessment of these bioactive components of the Dendrobium species found in Manipur. Therefore, this study focuses on the morphological studies and screening of the bioactive components of ten Dendrobium species found in Manipur.

1 table, 18 ref

001298   Singh V;Heayetullah M;Islam S;Meher J;Sahoo S R;Panda M K (Agricultural Engineering Dep, School of Engineering and Technology, Centurion Univ of Technology and, Gajapati, Odisha-761 211, Email: vishalsinghiitkgp87@gmail.com) : Effect of slice thickness on recovery of ginger oil from dry ginger. Envir Ecol 2015, 33(2A), 926-9.

The objective of the Study was to deter-mine the effect of slice thickness on recovery of oil contentrrom dry ginger. The main aim of making slices was studied the correlation of drying time, moisture removal rate, hardness, color and volatile oil content with different thickness of ginger. Experimentally dried ginger has been sliced in three different thicknesses of 2, 4 and 6 mm and observed value of the hardness, moisture removal rate, drying time and amount of volatile oil of each sample. Evaluated value of hardness, moisture removal rate, drying time and volatile oil content were 8.693,0.76 kg/day. 3.5 days (8 hours/ day, sun drying) and 1.5 ml/100 g respectively for 2 mm slice thickness. 14.465, 0.67 kg/day. 4 days (8 hours/day, sun drying) and 1.75 ml/100 g respectively for the 4 mm slice thickness and 21.21, 0.61 kg/day. 4.40 days (8 hours/day, sun drying) and 1.80 ml/1 OOg respectively for 6 mm slice thickness of dry ginger. Further it was concluded that increases the slice thickness of dry ginger increased the volatile oil content, hardness and drying time but reduced the drying rate and moisture removal rate. 4 nun slice thickness was the optimum one due to good amount of volatile oil content in preferable drying time lias been also observed.

1 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

001297   Singh P;Sharma S;Upadhyay U (Molecular and Cellular Engineering Dep, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, Email: drpoonam.singh1@gmail.com) : Detection of polymorphism of ATM gene in leukemia. Asian J Bio Sci 2016, 11(1), 100-5.

The Ataxia telangiectasia mutated gene encodes the ATM protein, a key element in the DNA damage response (DDR) signalling pathway responsible for maintaining genomic integrity within the cell. In order to study the genetic changes of ATM gene in Lukaemia, we collected the blood samples of healthy persons for control and leukaemia persons for disease samples. We isolated DNA and performed PCR to analyse by Gene sequencing. As a result we fo.md less number of sequencing result in nucleotide BLAST due to which we are unable to detect the compared result of mutation. Larger and/or combined association studies are needed to conclude the result.

6 illus, 7 ref

001296   Singh P;Kannan D C;Gurnani V;Charan A I; Charan A A (Molecular and Cellular Engineering Dep, Sam Higgibottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, Email: prateek0783@gmail.com) : Optimization studies for algae biofuels production. Asian J Bio Sci 2016, 11(1), 42-8.

Continuous use of fossil fuel is globally considered as unsustainable because of depleting supplies and these fuels also account for accumulation of green house gases in the environment. Renewable, carbon neutral, transport fuels are necessary for environmental and economic sustainability. Microalgae feedstocks are gaining interest in the present day energy scenario due to their fast growth potential coupled with relatively high lipid, carbohydrate and nutrients contents. All of these properties render them an excellent source for biofuels such as biodiesel, bioethanol and biomethane; as well as a number of other valuable pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products. It's a carbon neutral fuel. But high production cost is still a big hurdle in its commercialisation. Various optimisations are discussed in this research for the commercialization of algal biofuels. The production cost of algal biofuel is still quite high, so a lot of optimisation studies for growth parameters, lipid productivity and lipid extraction process are needed, which are discussed in this study. Commercialization of microalgae for biodiesel is technically feasible. Studies had shown that algae biofuel has the potential to completely displace liquid fuels derived from petroleum. Economics of producing microalgal biodiesel need to improve substantially to make it competitive with petrodiesel, but the level of improvement necessary appears to be attainable.

5 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

001295   Singh B (Crop Protection Div, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur-208 024, Email: singhbansa@gmail.com ) : Status of phytoparasitic nematodes associated with pigeonpea in Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh. Indian J Nematol 2015, 45(1), 39-42.

A survey was under taken to find out the status of nematode problems associated with pigeonpea grown in Bendelkhnad region of Uttar Pradesh. Thirteen nematode genera were observed in the soil samples collected from pigeonpea fields. Nematode genera observed were Hoplolaimus, Tylenchorhynchus, Helicotylenchus, Tylenchus, Heterodera cajani, Pratylenchm, Basiria, Aphelenchus, Meloidogyne, Filenchus, Boleodorus, Rotylenchulus and Scutellonema. Hoplolaimus was most prominent nematode genera observed with Prominence value (PV) of 190.8, Absolute frequency of 69.0% and absolute density 229.7 nematodes/100 cc soil. This was followed by Tylenchorhynchus and Tylenchus. Juveniles of H. cajani were observed in 33% of the fields surveyed. H. cajani cysts were observed in 50% of the pigeonpea fields. Its average density was 4 cysts per 100 cc soil. Out of eight districts surveyed, Hoplolaimus was most prominent in Jalaun district with PV 491.9 followed by Mahoba with PV 288.5. Similarly, Tylenchorhynchus was most prominent in Kanpur district with PV 290 followed by Jalaun with PV 232.7. H. cajani was most prominent in Mahoba district with PV 17.7 followed by Jalaun and Kanpur districts.

3 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

001294   Singh A A;Verma O P;Mishra R R (Pharmaceutical Sciences Dep, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, Email: om.verma@shiats.edu.in) : Elimination of biofilm forming MRSA using phages. Asian J Bio Sci 2016, 11(1), 199-205x.

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is among the most important pathogens that forms a biofilm and thus, affecting the humans. Biofilm has always been a threat in health-care associated infections. Biofilm is formed when a microorganism stick together on a surface and frequently embedded within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). This EPS is generally composed of polysaccharides, extracellular DNA and proteins. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a well known and a type of 'staph' bacteria that are resistant to many commonly used antimicrobial agents and thus, making it more difficult to treat. MRSA universally attach to surfaces and produce biofilm, especially with implants of medical devices such as urinary catheters, orthopaedic implants, cardiac pacemakers, tracheal and ventilator tubing etc. and thus, causing infections. Biofilms particularly are difficult to treat in medical situations is because of their increasing resistance to*antibiotics. Therefore, there is a continuing need to develop newer methods of treating MRSA infections. Several in-vitro studies have shown that phages can be used to infect biofilm cells. Depolymerases can penetrate the inner layer of the biofilm by degrading the components of the biofilm exopolymeric matrix and this happens when the phages induce the production of depolymerases. The review highlights the use of bacteriophage for the control of MRSA. In addition, the concept of bacteriophage therapy may open a new horizon in controlling infections such as those caused by MRSA.

33 ref

001293   Sharma P K;Sharma M;Dwivedi N;Dwivedi S; Prasad S;Yadav A;Jain P A;Verma P;Mishra V K (Biotechnology Dep, S.D. College of Engineering and Technology, Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh, Email: ved.m45@gmail.com) : Advance applications of bioremediation and its impact on human and envrionmental health. Asian J Bio Sci 2016, 11(1), 226-31.

Bioremediation is an effective innovative technology, in the field of biotechnology for the treatment of a wide variety of contaminants. It is a tool box for wider application in the area of environmental protection. Bioremediation, provides an opportunity to solve the problem in the field of solid waste by detoxifying effluents /hazardous wastes. Due to its comparatively low cost and environmental impact, it offers attractive and more conventional clean-up technologies. Large amounts of toxic waste have been dispersed in thousands of contaminated sites spread across our nation. Thus, every one of us exposed the contamination from past and present industrial practices, emissions in natural resources (air, water and soil) even in the most remote regions. The toxic waste is creating the risk for human and environmental health and there are evidence that this cocktail of pollutants create a major contribution to the global epidemic of cancer and other degenerative diseases. Now the challenge is to develop innovative and cost-effective solutions to decontaminate polluted environments.

11 illus, 26 ref

001292   Sharma G C;Gupta R (Entomology Dep, Dr Y S Parmar Univ of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan-172 230, Email: gian_sharma2003@yahoo.co.in) : Effect of edaphic factors on mononchids in the rhizophere of polyhouse grown flower crops. Indian J Nematol 2015, 45(1), 12-15.

Edaphic factors viz; soil pH, soil moisture, soil temperature and soil organic carbon, in relation to mononchid populations, revealed positive correlation between the two. Acidic soils in the pH range of 3.69-5.73 were found free from the mononchid populations, while a proportionate increase in their population was observed within a pH range of 5.78-6.58. However, after a pH above 7.0 there was recorded gradual decline in the population. Soil temperature between 20.6-23.0 °C supported higher populations of the predatory nematodes, while at low soil temperature (14.4-20.0 °C), the nematodes were absent/ low in the rhizosphere. Low soil moisture content (12.80-14.16%) did not support mononchid populations, while the nematodes were found prevalent at higher moisture levels (17.71-24.53%). Higher organic carbon contents (3.06-4.28%) supported higher mononchid population around the plant roots and vice versa.

2 tables, 11 ref

001291   Sharma A;Tiwari K L;Jadhav S K (Biotechnology Dep, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla Univ, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, Email: apssharma13@gmail.com) : Improvement of the antirheumatic substance present in medicinal plants in Chhattisgarh region. Adv Pl Sci 2016, 29(1), 123-8.

Natural source have been used to cure a range of diseases for thousands of years. In this regards medicinal plants have been used as traditional as well as modem treatment for numerous human diseases. Medicinal plants possess naturally occurring valuable photochemical, which are used in curing the disease. Nowaday's people of the society are suffering from rheumatic diseases. Rheumatic diseases are painful condition usually caused by inflammation, swelling and pain in the joints or muscles. Some rheumatic diseases like osteoarthritis are the result of "wear and tear" to the joints. Others rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, happen when the immune system becomes hyperactive. The immune system attacks the linings of joints, causing joint pain, swelling and distraction. There are more than 100 different rheumatic diseases, such as ankylosing spondylitis, fibromyalgia, Gout, Lupus, reactive arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. the diseases can begin at any age, but most often starts after age forty to before sixty. On the other hand medicinal plants are very important commercial source of chemical compounds including primary and secondary metabolites which is responsible for their properties. This drug is naturally present in the parts like leaf, stem, root, seed or some times in the whole plant. These parts can be artificially cultured on the media and can get maximum amount of drugs.

1 table, 26 ref

001290   Sanap M J;Jain N (Veterinary Biochemistry Dep, College of Veterinary Science & A.H., Jabalpur, Email: neerajainvbc@gmail.com) : Cadmium profile in viscreal organs of experimentally induced toxicity in Kadaknath Chicken. Envir Ecol 2015, 33(2A), 807-9.

The present study was aimed to assess the concentration of cadmium in visceral organs of experimentally induced toxicity and to evaluate the antioxidant effect of a - tocopherol in Kadaknath chicken. A total of 60 one week old Kadaknath chicks were divided into 5 groups of 12 each. Group 1 was control (Standard ration), group 2 and 3 were given standard ration + CdCl₂ @ 500 and 1000 mg/kg feed, respectively. Group 4 and 5 were fed with a - toco-pherol @ 300 mg/kg feed along with CdCl₂ @ 500 and 1000 mg/kg feed, respectively. Body weights were recorded at weekly intervals. Six birds from each group were sacrificed on day 28 and remaining 6 on 42nd day. Cadmium was estimated in liver, kidney, intestine and leg muscle. The results of study revealed that induction of CdCl₂ @ 1000 mg/kg feed produces a decrease in body weight and a significant increase in cadmium concentration in visceral organs. Positive effect of antioxidant was seen.

2 tables, 11 ref

001289   Ramesh S V;Chouhan B S;Gupta G K;Husain S M (NO, ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Indore-452 001, Email: ramesh.sv@icar.gov.in) : Molecular characterization of replication intiator protein gene (rep) encoded by mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (genus: Begomovirus; family: Geminiviridae) infecting soybean in Central India. Soybean Res 2016, 14(1), 1-12.

Begomoviruses infecting legumes (family Geminiviridae,) pose a serious threat to the productivity of grain legumes in general and soybean in particular. In this study, replication initiator protein gene (rep) of begomovirus causing yellow mosaic disease on soybean in Central Indian region is clmracterized. A total of 85 complete rep gene sequences of legume begomoviruses including sequence reported in this study were employed to delineate genetic diversity, population selection and evolutionary lineage. Nudeotide diversity analysis revealed that tlie major legume yellow mosaic viruses (LYMVs) viz., MYMV and MYMIV are less diverse than legume begomovirus population as a whole. Test of neutral evolution also reiterates tire operation of purifying selection and population expansion of major legume begomoviruses. However interestingly, LYMVs as a whole, show decrease in population size and act of balancing or neutral selection. Recombinants have also been detected only among the isolates of MYMIV suggesting frequent genetic exchanges.

1 illus, 3 tables, 26 ref

001288   Raman N;Rathore A L;Khawaja I;Prasad M (Agronomy Dep, I.G. K.V., Raipur, Chhattisgarh, Email: nilimaraman@gmail.com) : Effect of seed rates and weed management practices on energetics and econmics of broadcast direct seeded rice. Envir Ecol 2015, 33(3A), 1268-71.

An field experiment conducted on the optimization of seed rate in broadcast direct seeded rice in relation to weed management practices during kharlf season of 2011 indicated that significantly higher cost of cultivation was recorded in broadcast seeding followed by biasi operation for weed control and regarding seed rate it was highest in 120 kg/ha seed rate. The maximum gross and net return as well as benefit: cost ratio was obtained in herbicide treated plot. Significantly higher seed yield was recorded with 80 kg seed ha^{-1 and weed control by using post emer-gence herbicide (fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 60 g a.i.ha-1 + ethoxysulfuron 15 g a.i.ha-1) which was statistically similar to 60 kg seed ha-1 and weed control by using the post emergence herbicide. Looking to the importance of seed this investigation supports use of 60 kg ha-1 seed rate with herbicide that has no remarkable reduction in yield and net return over 80 kg ha-1 seed rate.}

3 tables, 10 ref

001287   Priyanka Rani;Singh A P;Rai S (Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry Dep, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi-221 005, Email: sumit.raj101@yahoo.in) : Effect of rice husk biochar and Lime treated sludge on NPK concentration and uptake by rice crop. Envir Ecol 2015, 33(3A), 1218-24.

The aim of this study was to assess the suitability of sewage sludge use for rice [Oryzo sativa L. cv ARES-6444 (HYV)] plants by evaluating the nutrient accumulation and uptake at different sewage sludge rates. A pot experiment was conducted. using biochar and lime incubated sludge as amendment modified the physico-chemical properties of soil by increasing the pH and increasing nutrient concentration. Results showed that the application of biochar and iime treated sludge increased the nutrient concentration of rice plants and also unptake of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. We suggest that further studies are needed to assess the short term and long-term effects of different biochars on N up-take and utilization by rice under field conditions.

2 tables, 24 ref

001286   PavanaKumar S T;Havaldar Y N;Shekharappa; Megeri S N;Mazumdar D (Agricultural Statistics Dep, Agricultural Sciences Univ, Dharwad-580 005, Email: pvnkmr625@gmail.com) : Statistical analysis of influence of weather parameters on shoot fly of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L) moench) during rabi season for Dharwad region of Karnataka. Envir Ecol 2015, 33(3A), 1280-4.

Study was carried out by using -eleven years data regarding shoot fly egg count and the per cent dead heart at four different intervals of the crop. To know the effect of the different weather parameters viz. maximum temperature, minimum temperature, relative humidity in morning, relative humidity in evening and rainfall on incidence of shoot fly in rabi season. Correlation analysis was carried out to know the relationship existing between shoot fly and weather parameters. The correlation results were subjected to significance test. Maximum temperature and relative humidity in morning found to have a greater influence on egg population, while the effect of higher maximum temperature, minimum temperature, relative humidity in evening found non significant but during dead heart development all parameters found significant.

2 tables, 5 ref

001285   Pandey R;Pant A (Microbial Technology and Nematology Dep, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow-226 015, Email: r.pandey@cimap.res.in) : D-pinitol remediates heavy metal toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Indian J Nematol 2015, 45(1), 66-70.

D-pinitoI (DPI) is an alicyclic polyalcohol from the group 'Cyclitols' which possesses multifunctional properties. The present study delineates the effect of different doses of D-pinitoI (DPI) (0.1, 0.01 and 0.001 mg/ml) on toxicity induced by four major environmental contaminants viz. cadmium, mercury, chromium and nickel in Caenorhabditis elegans. The maximum inhibitory effect was demonstrated by cadmium, mercury and chromium (10 and 100μM) affecting reproductive health and life span in C. elegans. Whereas, nickel was found to be least toxic in comparison to other three pollutants. Furthermore, DPI treatment prolonged lifespan in C. elegans. The 0.001 mg/ml dose of DPI was found to be most effective dose inducing tolerance against cadmium, mercury, nickel and chromium toxicity followed by other two doses viz 0.01mg/ml and 0.1 mg/ml. DPI was able to alleviate heavy metal induced stress mediating improved survival in C. elegans. This bioactive molecule can contribute in designing remedies for heavy metal induced toxicity and disorders.

4 illus, 1 table, 19 ref

001284   Padma Priya N;Poonguzhali T V (P.G. & Research Dep of Botany, Queen Mary's College, Chennai-600 004, Email: priyanarayan89@yahoo.com) : Phytochemical, antibacterial and antiocidant potentials from the roots of Boerhavia erecta. L.. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(1), 325-30.

Boerhavia erecta is a weedy herb of the family Nyctaginaceae and is commonly available in almost all places. The present study is so designed for phytochemical screening of the plant as well as its antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the root extract of B. erecta. The whole plant was collected in and around Chennai. Phytochemical screening of acetone extract of B. erectarevealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, phlobatannin, saponin, terpenoids, glycosides. The antibacterial activity of the crude extract was determined by the well diffusion method against four pathogenic bacteria. At higher concentratio the extract showed good zone of inhibition against E.coli and P. aeruginosa. DPPH assay, Reducing power and Hydroxyl radical scavenging assay of acetone extract was studied and compared with standard Quercetin and Ascorbic acid.

17 ref

001283   Nirmala C;Sridevi M;Kushwah A K (Biotechnology Dep, VMKV Engineering College, Vinayaka Missions Univ, Salem-636 308, Email: nirmalabt@gmail.com) : Screening and isolation of bacteria from Kanjamalai hill for antimicrobial activity. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(1), 221-7.

Many microorganisms thrive on the abundant nutrients in the rhizosphere and they produce antagonistic metabolites. The present study is an attempt to investigate the potent bacteria producing antibiotics against pathogenic microorganisms from the rhizosphere soil samples of Kanjamalai hills, Salem district, Tamilnadu, India. A total of 6 isolates of bacteria was obtained and screened for inhibitory activity against selected opportunistic pathogens. Potent bacterial isolate (A6) was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa by cultural, morphological and biochemical characterization. The antimicrobial activity of broth culture of Pseudomanas aeruginosa was also observed. The antimicrobial active compound was partially purified from the broth culture and its concentration was estimated to be 373.086 μg/ml. The obtained protein was separated in SDS-PAGE and its molecular weight was determined as 66.4 kD, 44.3 kD, 29.0 kD, 20.1 kD and 14.3 kD using standard molecular markers. The results showed that the isolated strain has high potential against Bacillus megaterium and Aspergillus niger. It can be further investigated to identify the antibacterial compounds produced and their mechanisms of inhibition.

25 ref

001282   Michael S;Sushma (Biochemistry and Biochemical Engineering Dep, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, Email: shraddha.mic.11@gmail.com) : In vitro enzymatic antioxidants potency of Citrus karna L. seeds. Asian J Bio Sci 2016, 11(1), 222-5.

Present study was undertaken to evaluate eight enzymatic antioxidants in Citrus karna. Those were glutathione-S-transferase, peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase and catalase. Seeds were taken for assaying all the above antioxidants and found peroxidase enzyme had highest specific activity (8.182U/mg).

1 table, 16 ref

001281   Manimaran B;Srivastava A;Gaur H S;Dahuja A; Sharad Mohan (Nematology Div, ICAR-Indian Agriultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, Email: sharad@iari.res.in) : Biochemical changes and fate of symbiotic bacteria-Photorhabdus in anhydrobiotic Heterorhabditis indica. Indian J Nematol 2015, 45(1), 105-7.

Comparative quantification on four biochemical factors reveal that under moisture stress at 97% RH when IJ enter into partial anhydrobiosis, there was an increase in the accumulation of total sugar (3.0%) and non-reducing sugar (171.9%) while decrease in the levels of reducing sugar (25%) and total soluble proteins (52.8%), in comparison to fresh nematodes. There was no detrimental effect on the Photorhabdus due to anhydrobiotic stress on the IJ as the bacterial symbiont could be isolated on nutrient agar plates in phase I form. The bacteria retained their virulence by imparting 100% mortality in Galleria mellonella larvae when injected. Anhydrobiotic H. indica IJ aggregated to form large clumps but remained straight and did not coil.

1 illus, 10 ref

001280   Mandal S;Dutta G K;Thakur K K;Nath S (NO, College of Veterinary Science & A.H., Jabalpur-482 001, Email: subhradal@gmail.com) : Effect of Hygrophila spinosa extract on induced anemic wistar rats and it's comparison with conventional hematinics. Envir Ecol 2015, 33(2A), 910-13.

The present study comprised of hematinic effect of Hygrophila spinosa aquous extract and its comparison with conventional hematinic alone and combination of both Hygrophila spinosa and conventional hematinic on phenyl-hydrazine induced anemic Wistar rats in-vivo. Blood was collected on 0, 7th, 15th and 30th day for observation of certain hematological parameters like RBC, hemoglobin, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, serum iron, copper, cobalt, TIBC, %TS as indices of anemia. Analysis showed increased he-mogram profile on treatment with Hygrophila extract in comparison to application of conventional hematinic alone and both Hygrophila extract and conventional hematinic.

2 tables, 11 ref

001279   Malik A;Anil Kumar (Soil and Water Conservation Engineering Dep, College of Technology, G. B. Pant Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263 145, Email: anilkumar_swce61@rediffmail.com) : Co-active neuro-fuzzy inference system (CANFIS) and multiple linear regression (MLR) based suspended sedmient mdelling. J Indian Wat Resour Soc 2015, 35(2), 12-19.

Accurate estimation of the suspended sediment load in streams is important for water resources engineering. Suspended sediment is a determining factor of the service life of hydraulic structures, like dams and reservoirs. This study investigates the potential of Co-active Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (CANFIS) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) for estimating the daily suspended sediment concentration (SSC) at Tekra site on Pranhita River, -which is a major tributary ofGodavari River basin in Andhra Pradesh, India. The daily hydro-meteorological data of streamflow and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) from June 23, 2000 to November 11, 2003 were used for the development of CANFIS and MLR models. The architecture of CANFIS networks was constructed using the NeuroSolutions 5.0 sofiwqre with Gaussian and generalized Bell membership functions (MFs). Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSKjfuzy model, hyperbolic tangent activation function and De/ia-Bar-Delta learning algorithms. The performance of CANFIS models was compared with those of MLR models using statistical indices such as root mean squared error (RMSE), coefficient of efficiency (CE) and correlation coefficient (r). The overall performance evaluation revealed that, the CANFIS with TSK fuzzy model and the Gaussian membership function was superior to the MLR method in estimating daily SSC. The analysis revealed ihal the daily SSC depends on current and previous one day's stream/law as well as SSC of previous one day at the Tekra station on Pranhita River.

4 illus, 6 tables

001278   Kumar D;Sehrawat S K;Moudgil V;Singh J (NO, Kurukshetra Univ, Kurukshetra-136 119) : Evolutionary analysis of transporter associated protein 2 (TAP2). Ann Agri Bio Res 2016, 21(1), 5-7.

The human major histocompatability complex (MHC) class-II region contains a group of genes involved in the processing of intracellular proteins. One such protein is transporter associated protein 2 (TAP2) that plays important role in the transport of antigenic peptides, from cytosol to endoplasmic reticulum, which are then used in MHC class-I antigen presentation pathway. Consequently genetic variation of TAP2 genes and their proteins may have role in outcome of HB V infection. The protein sequences of TAP2 from different species were acquired from UniProt public database. Multiple sequence alignment was executed with MUSCLE with default parameter and phylogenetic analysis was performed. Results of evolutionary analysis showed divergent evolution of TAP2 gene. It was further observed that Homo sapiens, Pan troglodytes and Nomascus leucogenys evolved from the same parent and further H. sapiens formed a different clad.

1 illus, 14 ref

001277   Kaur J;Thakur S S (Dairy Cattle Nutrition Div, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132 001, Email: sachdeva_jasmine@rediffmaill.com) : Characterization of carbohydrates and proteins in Phalaris minor seeds by cornell net carbohydrate and protein system. Curr Sci 2016, 110(7), 1324-9.

The present study was conducted to characterize car-bohydrate and protein fractions in Phalaris minor seeds (a novel feedstuff) in comparison to conventional energy sources fed to livestock. The crude protein of P. minor seeds was similar to wheat and was higher (P <60> 0.05) than other conventional cereal grains evaluated. P. minor seeds recorded the highest (P <60> 0.05) level of ether extract, total ash, lignin, neutral and acid detergent insoluble protein. P. minor seeds had lower (P <60> 0.05) level of total carbohydrates than conventional cereal grains. Wheat grains exhibited highest (P <60> 0.05) level of non-structural carbohydrates followed by maize, P. minor, pearl millet and barley. Protein fractions P_B1 and PB2 in P. minor seeds were similar to maize. Total digestible nutrients in P. minor seeds were higher (P <60> 0.05) than pearl millet and barley. P. minor seeds could be considered as promising energy supplement for livestock as indicated by its chemical constituents.

6 tables, 26 ref

001276   Kalla N;Khan S (Bioscience and Biotechnology Dep, Banasthali Univ, Rajasthan, Email: suphiyakhan@gmail.com) : Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus concentrations, PH and salinity ranges on growth, biomass and lipid accumulation of Chlorella vulgaris. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(1), 397-405.

Microalgal like Chlorella vulgaris, being a unicellular green algae, is been widely studied for nitrogen and phosphorus removal and as potential feedstock for biodiesel production. This not only saves water from eutrophication but also becomes a good source of biodiesel. Hence, if two approaches are combined we can overcome the major challenge of both eutrophication and energy crisis. In the present study we have examined the effect of decreasing Nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in medium on growth, biomass and lipid content of C. vulgaris. Significant decrease in growth and biomass was observed with the decrease of nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in the medium from (1.5g/l to 0.0g/l) and (0.04g/l to 0.0g/l) respectively. Whereas the lipid accumulation showed reverse trend of increase when the concentration of both phosphorus and nitrogen where decreased in medium. At the same time, the effect of variation in pH and saline ranges on growth, biomass and lipid content of C.vulgaris were also evaluated. The growth, biomass and lipid content showed a significant difference due to the variation in pH and saline range. The growth and lipid content was maximum at control range i.e pH 7 with respect to 6, 8 and 9. On the other hand we could see that with the increase of salinity from 0.1M to 0.25 M the growth decreased whereas the lipid content showed an increasing trend.

38 ref

001275   Izadi F;Mahjoubi F;Farhadi M;Kalayinia S; Bidmeshkipour A;Tavakoli M M;Samanian S (NO, Medical Biotechnology Institute, National Institute of Genetic Enginee, Pajoohesh Blvd, Tehran - Karaj Highway, Tehran, Iran, Email: frouz@nigeb.ac.ir) : Extracellular matrix protein 1 gene (ECM1) mutations in nine Iranian families with lipoid proteinosis. Indian J med Res 2016, 143(3), 303-7.

Lipoid proteinosis (LP) is an autosomal recessive disease. Clinical characteristics of this disease are hoarse voice, scarring of the skin, brain calcifications, and eyelid papules (moniliform blepharosis). Mutations in the ECM1 gene on Iq21.2 are responsible for this disease. This study was conducted to investigate the mutation spectrum of ECM1 gene in nine Iranian families having at least one LP patient diagnosed clinically. The entire ECM gene was screened using PCR and direct sequencing in nine Iranian families with 12 suspected LP patients who were referred to the clinic, along with their parents and siblings. Thirty healthy individuals were included as controls. In only one patient a homozygous G<62>A transition at nucleotide c.806 in exon 7 was detected. A G<62>A substitution at nucleotide 1243 in exon 8 that changes glycine (GGT) to serine (AGT) was observed in most of our patients. Furthermore, in one patient there was a change in the sequence of intron 8, the A<62>T transition in nucleotide 4307. In addition, in two cases (one patient and one healthy mother with affected child) there was a C (4249) deletion in intron 8. Our results indicate that although mutation in ECMlgene.is responsible for lipoid proteinosis, it is likely that this is not the only gene causing this disease and probably other genes may be involved in the pathogenesis of the LP disease.

4 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

001274   Hatzade B N;Gaur H S;Mohan S (Nematology Dep, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, Email: sharad@iari.res.in) : Effect of cryoprotectants on vitrification of Meloidogyne incognita and Heterorhabditis indica on survival and infectivity. Indian J Nematol 2015, 45(1), 99-104.

Out of eight cryoprotectants viz. ethylene glycol (10 and 20%), glycerol (15 and 20%), dimethyl sulfoxide (10 and 20%), glycerol (15%) + methanol (70%) and glycerol (20%) + methanol (70%) tested for cryopreservation, for a period of one week, 10% ethylene glycol for Meloidogyne incognita and 20% ethylene glycol for Heterorhabditis indica were found to be the most efficient in providing 14.43 and 11.25% survival, respectively. It was followed by 20% DMSO in providing 11.15% survival of H. indica and 14.13% survival of M. incognita. The cryo infective juveniles of M. incognita and H. indica recovered after 14, 28 and 56 days of preservation in liquid nitrogen did not lose their infectivity and were able to penetrate and reproduce on tomato seedlings and Galleria larvae, respectively. Effect of vitrification of M. incognita eggs did not provide any encouraging results. After thawing only 0.43, 0.50 and 0.40 % eggs hatched in 10 % ethylene glycol, 20 % glycerol and 20 % DMSO, respectively, as compared to 51.82% hatching observed in untreated control.

3 illus, 33 ref

001273   Gurnani V;Singh P;Charan A I;Charan A A (Molecular and Cellular Engineering Dep, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, Email: gurnanivinita@yahoo.co.in) : Binding pattern determination for class of anti-Alzheimer's compound. Asian J Bio Sci 2016, 11(1), 66-70.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. No cure has been observed for the disease, and it worsens as it progresses, which eventually leads to death. It is believed that some plaques and tangles develop within the structure of the brain which causes brain cells to die. Alzheimer's patients also have a deficiency of neurotransmitters which ultimately hampers the transmission of messages in the brain. It was confirmed by Amyloid hypothesis that beta-amyloid (PA) deposits are the fundamental cause of the disease. So, in this research natural and synthetic compounds were selected on the basis of their binding or inhibition to the amyloid precursor protein (APP). The protein and the ligands were optimized, docked and their interaction was visualized on the basis of binding energy.

3 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

001272   Gunda S K;Rudroju S C;Bandi S;Bodhankar R (Faculty of Bioinformatics, Mailing address: Bioinformatics Div, Osmania Univ, Hyderabad, Telangana State-500 007, Email: gunda14@gmail.com ) : Homology modeling of human asparaginase like protein and its molecular interaction studies with natural flavonoids. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(1), 287-91.

Asparaginase is used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is seen in both adults and children. It is a most common pediatric cancer, the disease is more common in ages between 2-5 years children. The causative source of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia to be multiple routes, by genetic susceptibility, endogenous exposure or exogenous exposure. L-asparaginase catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-asparagine to L-aspartic acid. L-asparaginase is commonly used as an antineoplastic agent in lymphoblastic leukaemia chemotherapy. We assumed that a structural bioinformatics approach utilizing homology-based molecular modelling and docking approaches. We used sequence data and a homology-based approach to construct a 3D-structural model of asparaginase-like protein from NCBI (GenBank: AAM28434.1). The predicted model was then used to perform molecular docking simulations with natural flavonoid derivatives to assess their ability. The ligand binding residues were found to be similar to the predicted active site residues.

14 ref

001271   Ghatak J;Gour V K (Plant Breeding and Genetics Dep, JNKVV, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, Email: jhumur.sensible@gmail.com) : Fruit characteristics and oil content variation in Jatropha curcas L.. Envir Ecol 2015, 33(2A), 930-3.

Jatropha is drought tolerant perennial plant and has received extensive attention for use of its seed oil as a commercial source of fuel. This plant is used in traditional medicine. Preparations of all parts of the plant including seeds, leaves and bark, fresh or as a decoction are used in traditional medicine and for veterinary purpose. Also, the bark is being used for making paper. In this experiment, capsule size (20.83 g), capsule weight (244.12 g), seed index (54.79 g), capsule fertility (94.66%), kernel shell ratio (35.24 g) were recorded highest and hulling percent was recorded lowest (36.26%) in three splits capsules across all the classes. Kernel across four classes of splits recorded highest (52.58%) oil content. The correlation studies revealed highly positive effects of capsule size, capsule weight and seed index on oil yield.

7 tables, 12 ref

001270   Gautam A;Singh P;Lall R (Molecular and Cellular Engineering Dep, Jacob School of Biotechnology and Bio-Engineering, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh) : Phytoremidiation of Ceratophyllum demersum L.on arsenate and cadmium exposure. Asian J Bio Sci 2016, 11(1), 32-6.

In the present study plants of Ceratophyllum demersum L. was collected and grown for six months in large hydropLobic tubes. The effect of zinc ion concentration was studied at different concentration on plant; for 7 days in 10 per cent Hoagland media. After day 1 no significant effect was observed on plant for all concentration of zinc. After day 2, 3 and 4 change in colour from green to yellow was observed with different colour intensity. It was observed that after day 5,6 and 7 the leaves of Ceratophyllum demer&tm L. become black in colour, the intensity of blacking in colour was increased as concentration of zinc ion increased.The plant showed maximum accumulation of cadmium after 7 day at 20μM concentration.The maximum level of thiol compound was observed at 10μM after 3 days. The maximum level of cysteine synthetase was observed at 10μM after 3 days. The maximum level of glutathione-S-transferase was observed at l0μM after 4 days. The maximum level of glutathione reductase was observed at 10μM after 4 days. The plant showed maximum accumulation of arsenic after 7 day at 20 μM concentration. The maximum level of cysteine concentration was observed at 15μM after 4 days. The maximum reduced glutathione concentration was observed at l0μM and 20μM, respectively.

8 tables, 12 ref

001269   Garg A;Joshi B (Botanical Survey of India, Central Regional Centre, 10 Chatham lines, Allahabad-211 002, Email: kad_arti396@yahoo.com) : Ecosystem sustenance of Upper Ganga Ramsar site through phytoremediation. Geophytology 2015, 45(2), 175-80.

Investigations were made to assess the hyper-accumulator plants useful in uptake of heavy metals pollutants from soil and water in wetlands of the Upper Ganga Ramsar site. Fourteen plant species were found useful in phytoremediation of the wetlands of which 10 species were hydrophytic (71.4%) and four terrestrial (28.6%). The free floating Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes and Lemna minor were most useful in detoxification of the water body as they uptake maximum number of heavy metals from water. It is suggested that while clearing off the weeds during wetland management, their controlled populations be retained for unhampered Phytoremediation of wetlands necessary for maintenance of the ecosystem equilibrium.

4 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

001268   Devender Kumar;Sehrawat S K;Moudgil V;Singh J (Biochemistry Dep, Kurukshetra Univ, Kurukshetra-136 119, Email: jasbirdhanda@gmail.com) : Evolutionary analysis of low molecular mass protein 7 (LMP7). Ann Biol 2016, 32(1), 67-9.

Processing of human intracellular proteins was carried out by a group of genes present in class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC). LMP7 played an important role in MHC class-Iantigen presentation pathway. Therefore, genetic variation of LMP gene may affect outcome of HBV infection. The evolutionary analysis of LMP7 protein was performed in different mammals using phlogeny.fr. The protein sequences of LMP7 were procured from UniProt public database and multiple sequence alignment was performed with 'MUSCLE' with default parameter. Results of evolutionary analysis revealed divergent evolution of LMP7 gene consequently with species divergence. Bos taurus showed highest evolutionary relevance with Homo sapiens LMP7 among different species studied.

1 illus, 14 ref

001267   Das R;Sengupta K (Agronomy Dep, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741 252, Email: rajibdasagro@gmail.com) : Effect of foliar spray of growth regulatior on crop growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Envir Ecol 2015, 33(3A), 1396-400.

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of foliar spray growth regulator having cytoki-nin on the growth and yield of summer rice. The physiological parameters and their relation with growth and yifeld attributes were analyzed in the experiment. The experiment consisted of six treatments and four replications. It was revealed that cytokinin applied at different stages of growth of summer rice had improved significantly the physiological traits namely plant height,-biomass allocation, chlorophyll contents, leaf area index with with significant effect on growth parameters leading to enhancement in grain yield. Cytokinin applied at early tillering + panicle initiation stage was found to be superior over other treatments. The highest grain yield was obtained in the treatment where the crop got cytokinin (1 ppm) at 20 and 40 DAT followed by the treatments where the crop re-ceived cytokinin (1 ppm) at 20,40 and 60 DAT.

1 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

001266   Dar R A;Koshy E P;Thomas G (Molecular and Cellular Engineering Dep, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, Email: eapen.koshy@shiats.edu.in) : In vitro floral morphogenesis in Eclipta prostrata (L.). Asian J Bio Sci 2016, 11(1), 49-51.

The efficacy of cytokinins in in vitro flowering of Eclipta prostrata was evaluated. The MS media fortified with Kin (4 mgl^{-1) supported the formation of 4-7 flowers and a maximum of 13 flowers was obtained in MS media fortified with 2iP (5 mgl-1). It highlights the positive role of cytokinins in in vitro floral induction.}

3 illus, 21 ref

001265   Chothe M;Selvi P K;Wani M (R & D Div, Rise and Shine Biotech Pvt. Ltd., Theur, Pune-412 110, Email: minal.wani@dpu.edu.in) : Comparative In vitro growth response of gerbera plantlets developed on liquid and solidified culure medium. Adv Pl Sci 2016, 29(1), 111-15.

The composition of culture media used for shoot proliferation and rooting has a tremendous influence on production costs of commercial tissue culture. Of the medium components, the gelling agents such as agar contribute 70% of the costs. The present investigation was undertaken with a view to study the efficacy of liquid MS medium in comparison to semisolid agar medium for in vitro multiplication of Gerbera plants to develop a cost effective method. Gerbera shoots were cultured in vitro on Murashige and Skoog media, semisolid agar media and liquid media supported with Whatman filter paper boat, supplied with Indole butyric acid and sugar. Different growth parameters of the plants like plant height, number of leaves, leaf width, leaf length, number of roots and root length were observed. Phenotypic differences in growth were observed between the plantlets of both types of media. The plant lets in the liquid media exhibited an early 30% growth of new leaves and early 8% rooting showing higher leaf and root number per plant. Plantlets cultured on liquid media showed better growth of shoot and roots as compared to solid media. The present observations could profitably be explored for the commercial cultivation of Gerbera.

6 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

001264   Charan A I;Charan A A;Gurnani V;Singh P (Molecular and Cellular Engineering Dep, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, Email: aradhanairenecharan@gmail.com) : Study the therapeutic role of Indian spices in the treatment of gastrointestinal disease caused by Vibrio species. Asian J Bio Sci 2016, 11(1), 12-6.

Vibrio causes cholera with other major gastrointestinal disease which is very fatal and in this study we have analyzed whether the medicinal effects of these spices, which are used on daily basis, can minimize the activity of Vibrio species. In project named, "To study the therapeutic role of Indian spices in the treatment of gastrointestinal disease caused by Vibrio species" five of the spices were selected. They were Hing (Ferula assa), Jeera (Cuminum cyminum), black pepper (Piper nigrum), Saunf(Foeniculum vulgare), black mustard (Brassica nigra) based on the studies and research made on their medicinal values. In order to determine the antimicrobial activity/effect of spices bacteria Vibrio and its species were selected. The antibacterial activity of the extracts of all the spices were screened by analyzing the effect on the growth of Vibrio species through their zone of inhibition produced. Aqueous effects of all five spices were obtained using two solvents ethanol and methanol extraction with the concentration of 85 per cent and 100 per cent. The liquid portion of extract was collected and rest was discarded. Antibacterial studies were investigated using agar well diffusion method to determine the effect of these spices against the Vibrio species. The study confirmed the antioxidant activity and property of spices extracted.

12 illus, 12 tables, 7 ref

001263   Bhagyalakshmi O;Sultana N (Sarojini Naidu Vanitha Mahila Maha Vidhayalaya, , Exhibition Grounds, Hyderabad, Telangana State-500 001, Email: blourganti@yahoo.com) : Human pilot studies of punica in support to its anti-oxidant property. Adv Pl Sci 2016, 29(1), 67-71.

Pomegranate (Punica granatum.L) is a commercially important fruit of both tropical and sub tropical countries and belongs to the family punicaceae. Punica is rich source of reducing sugars, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and terpenoides which are good anti oxidants. Anti oxidants profile in biological fluid and tissues can be used as markers for oxidative stress in humans. This study was conducted to determine the effects of punica consumption on total anti oxidant status and liquid profile (cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cho3esterol) in healthy male youth. This study was carried out over 9 weeks, which was divided into 3 phases. That is, baseline (I week) treatment (4 weeks), and control (4 weeks). Blood samples were collected at the end of each phase for bio chemical test. Total anti oxidant status, glucose, lipid profile and anti oxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase) were determined using standard analyzers. Dietary intake in each phase was studied using 24 hour diet recall. There was significant increase of total cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol during the treatment phase, compared the baseline and control phases (p<60>0.05 ). The increase of HDL-cholesterol was associated with the decreased risk of heart attack and cardiovascular diseases. Although there was an increase in total cholesterol and triglyceride in the treatment phase compared to baseline and control phases, the increase was still in normal range. There was significant increase of total anti oxidants during the treatment phase, compared to baseline and control phases (p<60>0.05). There were trends of reduction for both glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in the treatment phase as compared to baseline and control phase. However, the reduction was not statistically significant. The reduction of anti oxidant enzymes was associated with decreased oxidative stress and decrease in free radical activities. The consumption of Punica, therefore, could result in improved anti oxidant stress and lipid profile. Thus, it could reduce the risk of disease caused by free radical activities and high cholesterol in blood.

1 illus, 6 tables, 24 ref

001262   Bajwa K;Bishnoi N R (Environmental Science & Engineering Dep, Guru Jambheshwar Univ of Science & Technology, Hisar-125 001, Email: kulvinderbajwa3@gmail.com) : Single cell oil of bacterial strains as a new source of high-value biodiesel : isolation and screening for storage lipids in cytoplasm. Ann Biol 2016, 32(1), 1-6.

Microorganisms such as bacteria, yeasts, molds and algae that have the ability to accumulate lipid more than 20% of their biomass are oleaginous microbes. Microbial lipid has many similarities with plant's oil and because of this valuable similarity; it can be used as the substrate for biodiesel production and many high valuable products such as polyunsaturated fatty acids with pharmaceutical application, food industry and biodiesel. In the present study, isolated and screened out lipid produced bacteria qualitatively as well as quantitatively using standard technique. This paper presents data on lipid contents of bacteria isolated from fat, diesel hydrocarbons contaminated and other contaminated site which is a part of ongoing research involving isolation and cultivation of oleaginous bacteria. Fifteen bacterial strains were isolated by standard streak technique. Based on large amounts of accumulated lipids, two bacterial isolates. S₇ and S₁₀ with lipid contents (2.78 and 2.87 g/l), respectively. These strains were further selected for the study and identified morphologically, biochemically as well as molecularly.

6 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref

001261   Anuraja A;Manohara Jesudas D;Desai S R (Agricultural Engineering Dep, Agriculture College, UAS, Dharwad, Karnataka, Email: anu_cae@rediffmail.com) : Emission characteristics of power tiller engine using Jatropha biodiesel and it's blends with petro diesel. Envir Ecol 2015, 33(4A), 1725-30.

The acid rain, global warming and health hazards are ill effects of increased polluted gases like SOx, CO and participate matter in the atmosphere due to use of fossil fuels. Among the various alternative sources to pertoleum products, oil from tree seed/ crops has a potential for meeting the increasing requirements of diesel. The experiment was conducted to study the process of extraction, conversion and use of bio diesel and its blends with petro diesel to run a 6.75 kW capacity power tiller engine under lab conditions. Blends of Jatropha biodiesel and petro diesel were made and total of six fuel blends viz., D100, B20, B40, B60, B80 and B100 were taken up for investigation. The smoke analysis results indicated that the carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission for all the blends up to 50% of the rated load, increase with increase in load. The carbon monoxide (CO) percentage remained constant at 0.20% for loads up to 4 kW for all the biodiesel blends. The NO_x emission for different biodiesel blends increased from average value of 75 ppm to 350 ppm as the load increased from 1 to 6 kW. The maximum smoke density was observed for D100 while the lowest was observed for B100.

7 illus, 3 tables, 10 ref

001260   Ankit Kumar;Verma O P (Molecular and Cellular Engineering Dep, Jacob School of Biotechnology and Bio-Engineering, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, Email: om.verma@shiats.edu.in) : Micro-organism isolation and process optimization for lipase production. Asian J Bio Sci 2016, 11(1), 71-6.

A highly lipase producing Bacillus sp. was isolated from soil under optimized culture conditions such as medium pH, temperature, incubation period, carbon sources, nitrogen sources, lipid sources and various surfactants at different concentrations. The medium pH of 7.0 and temperature of 40 °C were optimum for maximizing lipase production. The maximal yield of lipase production by Bacillus sp. was obtained after incubation periods ranging between 3 and 4 days. Casein produced maximum lipase (6.5±0.015) U/ml) as compared to others nitrogen sources and the medium containing starch was more suitable for maximum lipase (15.60±0.20) U/ml) production than other carbon sources. The gingily oil was found to be most suitable for maximizing the lipase production (20.52±0.20) U/ml). The studies on the influence of surfactants on lipase production revealed that maximum lipase production was induced by tween-20 ((27.10±0.01) U/ml).

8 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

001259   Anju K M;Deepa I;Archana M M;Mohandas C; Nambisan B (NO, ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, Email: anjudathan@yahoo.co.in) : Nematicidal metabolite produced by symbiotic bacterium associated with a new entomopathogenic nematode, Rhabditis (Oscheius) sp.. Indian J Nematol 2015, 45(1), 91-8.

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) and their symbiotic bacteria are well-known as biological control agents and are found to produce a wide range of bioactive secondary metabolites. Studies carried out at the Central Tuber Crops Research Institute (CTCRI) on entomopathogenic nematodes resulted in the identification of novel EPN belonging to Rhabditis (Oscheius) species. This study reports the purification of a nematicidal metabolite from the symbiotic bacterium associated with Rhabditis (Oscheius) species. The crude culture filtrate and ethyl acetate extracts of this nematode symbiotic bacterium showed significant nematicidal activity against Meleidogyne incognita. The bacterium was cultured in tryptic soy broth at 72 hours of incubation at 30°C. The ethyl acetate extract was purified by silica gel column chromatography and thin layer chromatography. HPLC combined with GC-MS and LC-MS led to the identification of the major compound as Bis (2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate. Thus this nematode and the associated bacteria have the potential to be developed as nematicidal agent against plant parasitic nematodes.

5 illus, 1 table, 41 ref

001258   Ajeej A;Thanikal J V;Narayanan C M (NO, , ) : Studies on production of biogas by co-digestion of sewage sludge, wastepaper and waste grown algae. J Modern Chem chem Technol 2016, 7(1), 74-81.

Abundantly produced sewage sludge in wastewater treatment plants and algae grown in wastewater are the potentially important biomass for the production of biogas. Experimental investigations have been conducted to study the feasibility of co-digestion of the organic fraction of municipal sludge, waste paper, and waste grown algae under anaerobic mesophilic (37°C) conditions in lab-scale bioreactors. Quantity and quality of the biogas, volatile solid reduction and start-up period for the reactions were taken into consideration. Single substrate digestion and co-digestion of the three substrates with different organic loading rates were analyzed in the study. Results show that in the co-digestion by the addition of waste grown algae and paper to the sewage sludge, the biogas volume is increased to 60% and considerable volatile solid reduction is observed as 50% for an organic loading rate of 5.0 gmvs/l. Moreover, co-digestion improved the performance of the bioreactor by stimulating the anaerobic digestion yield and balancing the carbon to nitrogen ratio in the reactor.

000291   Zara A;Khaksar Z (Basic Sciences Dep, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz Univ, Shiraz, Iran, Email: zareafshin86@gmail.com) : Effects of panax ginseng alcoholic extract on histomorphometric changes of ovaries in offspring rats from diabetic mothers. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(1), 237-45.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common diseases of the body's endocrine system; and despite great progresses in its controlling in pregnant women the risk of birth of abnormal babies in these patients is significantly higher than healthy people. Now, the original and effective treatment of diabetes is consumption of insulin and glucose-lowering chemical medicines. But, these compounds have numerous side effects. According to this, consumption of medicinal plants in order to reduce the complications of the disease during pregnancy period is recommended. So this study is aimed to investigate possible morphological changes resulting from administration of the extraction of Panax ginseng root on ovarian tissue changes of three-month-old-rats born to diabetic mothers. A number of 32 adult female Sprague-Dawley rats approximately weighing 200-250 g were prepared and divided into four groups of eight each that included: healthy control group (the rats were kept without receiving any material), diabetic control group (the rats received 50 mg/kg Streptozotocin as intraperitoneally), ginseng control group (the rats received 400 mg/kg oral dose of Panax ginseng extract) and ginseng treatment group (the rats received 50 mg/kg dose of Streptozotocin as intraperitoneally and 400 mg/kg oral dose of Panax ginseng extract). After becoming pregnant and passing from this period, a number of five three-month-old female rat infants were selected from each group. The animals were then dissected and their ovarian tissues were removed for tissue studies and H-E staining. Number of primordial follicles in diabetic control group had significant reduction compared to healthy control group. Also the number of primordial follicles in ginseng control group had significant increase compared to diabetic controlgroup. Diameter of primordial, primary, secondary and graafian follicles and corpus luteum had significant decrease compared to the healthy control group. Also the size of primordial, primary, secondary and graafian follicles and corpus luteum had significant increase in ginseng control group compared to diabetic control group. The size of primordial follicle in ginseng treatment group had significant increase compared to diabetic control group (p<60>0.05). Given the above, it is found that the number and the size of ovarian follicles in three-month-old infants born to diabetic mother rats had reduced due to production of free radicals as well as induction of apoptosis; and Panax ginseng extract, due to its antioxidant compounds and also its apoptogenic properties, had improved changes of ovarian tissuein infants born to diabetic mother rats.

12 illus, 58 ref

000290   Zala H N;Bosamia T C;Shukla Y M;Sushil Kumar; Kulkarni K S (Agricultural Biotechnology Dep, Anand Agricultural Univ, Anand-388 110, Email: kalyanjaau@gmail.com) : Genome modifications in crops employing engineered nucleases. Agric Rev 2016, 37(2), 154-9.

Crop improvement aims at substantial enhancements in the quality, yield and stress resistance of crops to meet the increasing food demand of growing world population. Targeted genome modification of crop plants is one of the ways to achieve this. This technology supersedes conventional methods limited by the inefficiencies of random mutation, accuracy and stability. It employs site-directed nucleases to create breaks at specific points in the target genome for desired alteration with high-precision. There are four nucleases namely, LAGLIDADG homing endonucleases (LHEs), zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) nucleases out of which three, ZFNs, TALENs and CRISPR have been highly studied and evaluated in various crop systems for economic trait. Potency of engineered nucleases lies in their efficacy to bring desired modification in diploid as well as in polyploid plant genomes. Modifications using genome editing are similar to natural or conventional method like induced mutations and are foreseen to waive regulatory actions as applicable to genetically modified organisms. This review seeks to emphasize on the employment of engineered nucleases in various crops plants till date.

2 tables, 34 ref

000289   Zakeri A;Rasaee M J (Medical Biotechnology Dep, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares Univ, Tehran, Iran, Email: rasaee_m@modares.ac.ir) : Identification of wild type Streptococcus zooepidemicus and optimization of culture medium and fermentation conditions for production of hyaluronic acid. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(1), 189-98.

Strptococcusequi subsp. Zooepidemicus (S. zooepdemicus) is among the hyaluronic acid (HA) producing bacterial strains. Due to its pervasive applications in medicine and cosmetics, HA is an economically valuable product. Therefore, charactering a novel high yield HA producing strain seems to be industrially appealing. In this regard we characterized a novel strain of S. zooepdemicus using. Thereafter, the amenable carbon and nitrogen sources were determined and optimized using one factor at a time approach. To have the highest yields of HA production during the fermentation, Taguchi orthogonal arrays were used to design 9 experiments. Our results revealed that glucose (30g/L) and yeast extract (70g/L) are the best carbon and nitrogen sources respectively. Moreover, according to our results the optimum culture conditions regarding the temperature, DO, rotate speed and pH were 37°C, 50%, 300 rpm and 7 respectively. The prioritized order of factors affecting HA production were as: temperature<62>DO <62> rotate speed<62> initial pH.The 103.84% increase in HA production under the optimum culture medium and conditions approves the robustness of the adopted approach. Since the wild type strain demonstrated high intrinsic capability of HA production in optimum conditions, this novel strain could be employed for large scale production of HA.

6 illus, 2 tables, 26 ref

000288   Yildirim B;Ekici K;Rezaeieh K A P (Field Crops Dep, Faculty of Agriculture, Igdir Univ, Igdir, Turkey, Email: febspark7@gmail.com) : Volatile oil components and antibacterial activity of Achillea biebersteinjii afan. from Lake Van Basin, Turkey. Asian J Chem 2015, 27(12), 4686-8.

Antibacterial activity of the essential oil from dried flowering aerial parts of Achillea biebersteinii (Van region of Turkey) was assessed against six microorganism using disc diffusion method. Five microorganisms sensitive to Alcillea biebersteinii Afan. were included Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 25241 (8-10 mm), Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051 (8-10 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145 (10-10 mm), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 12600 (9-10 mm) and Escherichia coli ATCC 11775 (8-9 mm). Meanwhile, GC/MS analysis of oil releaved twenty-one compounds with the main compounds as camphor (20.77%), 1,8-cineol (18.60%), artemisia ketone (14.69%), camphene (7.80%), a-pinene (5.94%), artemisia alcohol (5.88%), β-phellandrene (4.87%) and chrysanthenone (4.33%), respectively.

2 tables, 30 ref

000287   Yamuna S R;Girija R;Brindhalakshmi A; Vijayakumar L;Pavithra S (Biotechnology Dep, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam-638 401, Email: amunasrbtbit@gmail.com) : Evaluation and comparison of antioxidant potential of _<98>-glucan from Bacillus cereus LVK13 with synthetic antioxidants. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(1), 469-72.

β-Glucan, a homopolymer of glucose which contains mainly β-(1,3)-d-glucan, was extracted from Bacillus cereus LVK13 using ethanol precipitation. β-glucan was considerably privileged for its biological importance on comparison with other polymers. As oxidative stress is contemplated to be one of the fundamental causative for various diseases and aging, the antioxidant activity of β-glucan was investigated to estimate hidden unfamiliar perks associated with β-glucan in this study. This survey was shaped to compare the scavenging effect of β-Glucan from Bacillus cereus LVK13 with that of synthetic antioxidants like ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxyl toluene via DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging assay. The result of this study showed that isolated β-Glucan extract of Bacillus cereus LVK13 possesses significant antioxidant propertiesxzs.

4 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

000286   Watts A;Bhadouria J;Vajinder Kumar;Bhat S R (NO, ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology (NRCPB), New Delhi-110 012, Email: srbhat@nrcpb.org) : Assessment of Arabidopsis thaliana CENH3 promoter in Brassica juncea for development of haploid inducer lines. Indian J expl Biol 2016, 54(7), 425-30.

Centromeres are epigenetically specified by the centromeric histone H3 protein (CENH3). The timing and level of expression of CENH3 is tightly regulated to match the demands of the host cell. So far in plants, only CENH3 promoter of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. has been characterized. However, whether CENH3 promoters retain their characteristic mode of regulation in other species remains to be established. In the present study, activity of AtCENH3 promoter was investigated using reporter gene assay in Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. A 1156 bp promoter fragment of AtCENH3 gene (At1g01370) including the first 111 nucleotides of the coding sequence was amplified and cloned into the pORE-R2 binary vector to ensure translation fusion with the uidA coding sequences. The Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101 harbouring the recombinant construct was used to transform B. juncea cv. RLM198 hypocotyl explants. Histochemical assay of T₀ and T₁ transgenics showed GUS expression in shoot apical meristem, leaf, sepal, flower pedicel and root tip. Intense GUS expression was observed in meristematic tissues, particularly at shoot and root apices. However, mature leaves, flowers, pollen and ovules exhibited very low or no GUS expression. Our results showed that AtCENH3 promoter regulates cognate gene expression in Brassica juncea as it does in A. thaliana, and hence a suitable candidate for developing haploid inducer line in B. juncea.

4 illus, 1 table, 20 ref