002416   Taj S;Vazirian M;Vazirianzadeh B;Bigdeli S; Salehzadeh Z (NO, Islamic Azad Univ, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran, Email: vazirianm30@yahoo.com) : Effects of climatological variables on scorpion sting incidence in Ramshir area South West of Iran. J expl Zool 2012, 15(2), 575-7.

Scorpion envenomation is an important health problem in south-west of Iran. The research study was conducted to find new information due to scorpionism in Ramshir region in the south of Khuzestan province from point of entomo-climatology and correlations of climatology variables with the scorpion sting incidence in the area to predict the scorpion sting incidence. This research was a descriptive and analytic retrospective study. The correlation rates between the climatology data and incidence of scorpion stings were observed significant except between incidence and speed of winds. From the data of the present study it is concluded that the scorpion activity in Ramshir County is an environmental climatology dependent.

2 tables, 19 ref

002415   Srivastava S M;Gopalakrishnan A;Singh S P; Pandey A K (NO, National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, Lucknow-226 002, Email: srivastava.sm@rediffmail.com) : Embryonic and larval development of threatened bronze featherback, Notopterus notopterus (Pallas). J expl Zool 2012, 15(2), 425-30.

Fertilized eggs (egg capsule 3.5 ±g0.5 mm and yolk sphere 2.5 ±g0.5 mm) of N. notopterus were spherical, adhesive and lacked oil globule in the yolk sphere. On day 4, embryonic rudiment becomes distinct with 7-8 somites, the anterior protuberance formed head and the posterior part elongated in tail. Hatching took place on day 5-6 of fertilization at 26 ±g 1 C water temperature. e. At this stage, embryo showed twitching movements, lashed out its tail, ruptured the egg capsule towards head region and emerged. During day 1-3, the head and body of larvae (4 mm) were bent around yolk sac, attached to the substratum by thread-like red coloured capillaries that disappeared on day 3. In 5-6 days old larvae larvae (8 ±g 0.5 mm; eye diameter 0.25 mm), head rudiment appeared, mouth opened, upper and lower jaws were clearly visible. In 7-8 days old larvae (size 9 ±g 0.5 mm, yolk sac 2.64 mm, head length 1.8 mm, eye diameter 0.35 mm), head and mouth were prominent, eyes clearly seen, notochord initially developed and alimentary canal thicker and convoluted. In 9-10 days old larvae (11 ±g 0.5 mm, head length 2.0, eye diameter 0.5 mm oval yolk sac 2.42 mm), head well-developed, notochord increased in length and anal fin slightly visible. On day 12-14, the larvae (light brown) measured 14 ±g mm, completed yolk absorption, notochord clearly visible, dorasal, pectoral and anal fins were prominent except the ventral fin. Terminal mouth with nearly straight large cleft reaching midventral orbit, eyes were shining, abdominal portion highly pigmented, granular structure appeared near the intestine, four gill arches in opercular cavity and air-bladder developed. Adult characters developed after day 28 of hatching, the pectoral, pelvic, dorsal and anal fins depicted 6-7, 3-4, 5-7 and 25-45 rays, transverse bars along the dorsal ridges relatively prominent, dark spots also developed on the whole body.

16 illus, 1 table, 54 ref

002414   Srivastav A K;Chaturvedi N (Fish Physiology and Toxicology Lab., Zoology Dep, S.M.M. Town Post-graduate College, Ballia-277 001, Email: ashvanisri.21@gmail.com) : Behavioural changes after microcystin LR treatment in Cyprinus carpio (Linn.). J expl Zool 2012, 15(2), 455-6.

Microcystin is a toxin secreted by cyanobacteria, a dominant phytoplankton in eutrophic freshwater bodies. During experiments, after injection of microcystin behavioural changes were observed in Cyprinus carpio. The fish opercular movement, erratic swimming, restlessness and excess mucous secretion from body surface and gills were observed. The exposed fish also exhibited frequent jumping and the body of fish showed depigmentation.

14 ref

002413   Shiwanand A;Tripathi G (Zoology Dep, J.N.V. Univ, Jodhpur-342 001, Email: drgst@rediffmail.com) : Reduction in ammonia-induced fish mortality by changing physicochemical conditions of the aquatic medium. J expl Zool 2012, 15(2), 641-5.

The ammonia-associated fish mortality at different pH and temperatures of the water for 96 hr were studied in the freshwater walking catfish, Clarias batrachus. In control and ammonia treated groups, the fish mortality increased gradually as a function of decrease or increase in pH and temperatures of the medium below as well as above 7 pH and 25°C temperature. The percent mortality was greater in basic medium and at higher temperatures than that of the acidic medium and at lower temperatures. Fish mortality was greater in ammonia treated groups as compared to control. However, there was no mortality at 25°C and 7 pH of water in both control and ammonia treated groups within 96 hr. It can be concluded that altering physicochemical conditions may be helpful useful for reduction of ammonia associated mortality in fish.

2 illus, 37 ref

002412   Shendge A N;Pawar B A;Pandarkar A K (Zoology Dep, Tuljaram Chaturchand College, Baramati-413 102, Pune, Email: anil_shendge4030@rediffmail.com) : Seasonal variation in the biochemical composition of freshwater fish Puntius sopohore (KNER) in relation to sex and maturity cycle. J expl Zool 2012, 15(2), 587-9.

The common carp, Puntius sophore (Kner) from Pune District in Maharashtra State was studied for seasonal variation in its biochemical composition. A significant variation was observed in the body protein, fat and glycogen. The data was correlated with the reproductive cycle.

1 table, 10 ref

002411   Shekhawat J;Vyas N (Zoology & Environmental Science Dep, Lachoo Memorial College of Science & Tecnol., Jodhpur-304 001, Email: Jyotsna_shekhawat@yahoo.com) : Population study of snails at balsamand lake, Jodhpur. J expl Zool 2012, 15(2), 447-9.

Jodhpur region have a large number of natural and manmade water bodies in which different variety of aquatic snail fauna present. For the population study in Balsamand Lake the study was done from Jan, 2006 to Dec, 2006. Complete year was divided into three seasons like winter(Jan, Feb, Nov, Dec), summer(March, April, May, June) and monsoon(July, Aug, Sep, Oct). The following species were identified- Lymnea accuminata, Indoplanorbis exustus and Viviparous bengalensis but surprising point was noticed that Melaneia tuberculata was totally absent during study period whereas it is normally found in other water bodies of Jodhpur. Molluscs are unsegmented coelomate animals found in all fresh water habitats. Molluscs feed on dead and decaying organic matters as well as on planktons. These are abundant in number near thick bed of algae like Hydrilla, Chara, Vallisneria, Spirogyara etc. Highest population was recorded in mansoon season due to favourable conditions. L. accuminata population was highest in all seasons whereas I. exustus population was least. It was constructed for the storage of rain water but now a day it is one of the tourist attraction point. Molluscan faunal diversity and abundance continuously decreases due to human activities like mining near the reservoir, use of insecticides and throwing of waste by visitors etc.

2 tables, 17 ref

002410   Sharma M (Zoology & Biotechnology Dep, Govt. M H College of Home Science & Science for Women, Jabalpur-482 001, Email: drmadhurig8@yahoo.co.in) : Perspective on zebrafish: a suitable research model. J expl Zool 2012, 15(2), 303-7.

Zebrafish (Danio rerio, a freshwater tropical fish) is a small, robust fish, and so large numbers can be kept easily and cheaply in laboratory. It is a popular aquarium fish, frequently sold under the trade name 'zebra danio'. They have luminous bluish-black and silvery-gold horizontal stripes or dark-blue and silvery longitudinal stripes. The transgenic zebrafish is commercially available as 'Glowfish' trade name. Zebrafish originate from eastern Asia, and distributed throughout the south and south-east Asia. They have emerged as major research/experimentation models for biomedical research. The greatest advantage of the zebrafish as a research model comes from its well-characterized genetics, genetic and developmental techniques and tools, and the availability of well-characterized mutants. The induction of experimental diseases, including cancer using zebrafish as a research model may be a new and an important field of research.

^iia 26 ref

002409   Semwal V P;Goyal D (Zoology Dep, Govt. (P.G.) College, New Tehri-249 001, Email: semwal_vp@rediffmail.com) : Spatial distribution patterns of benthic macro invertebrate assemblages in the mountain streams: Mandakini basin-Gangetic drainage, West himalaya India. J expl Zool 2012, 15(2), 623-7.

Patterns of longitudinal variations in benthic macroinvertebrate community were observed in the mountain streams with respect to sub-basin, forest type and altitude in the Mandakini basin (30o17' to 30o49' North and 78o49' to 79o32' East) located close to snow line. Nine stations were selected on seven streams draining four sub-basins at altitudes ranging from 2440 to 733 m asl; the Kakra having Conifer Oak-Rhododendron Forest (CORF) and Mixed Forest (MF), Byung with Oak-Pine Forest (OPF) and Swar comprising Banjh-Oak Forest (BOF) and Pine Forest (PF). 900 samples (5 quadrates of 1 ft2 per sixty x 9 sites x 20 months) were obtained from may 1999 to December 2000. The density was higher in the Kakra and Swar compared with the Rawan and Byung. The mean density of benthic macroinvertebrate was high during winter (peak January) and low during monsoon (July and August). Trichoptera dominated the Kakra (51%), Byung (45%) and Rawan (40%) while Ephemeroptera the Swar sub-basin. Altitudinally, the Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera occurred in unequal proportions (20-Pine Forest (OPF) and Swar comprising Banjh-Oak Forest (BOF) and Pine Forest (PF). 900 samples (5 quadrates of 1 ft2 per site x 9 sites x 20 months) were obtained from May 1999 to December 2000. The density was higher in the Kakra and Swar compared with the 23%, 31-51%) at higher elevation (880-2440 m) in the Kakra compared with balanced share (35-38%, 32-33%) at lower elevation (733-1400 m) in the Swar which was reflected in the forest type and consequently the organic load, thereby influencing the taxonomic composition of the community. Longitudinally, the Ephemeroptera increased with the downward flow the magnitude of which was high in the Rawan (23-34%) followed by Kakra (20-33%) and Swar (35-38%). The forest types and the sub-basins were scraper dominated; Trichoptera in CORF, OPF and MF while Ephemeroptera in BOF and PF, the 'ecological equivalents' within the Mandakini basin. The functional aspect of the Continuum concept did not fit in these streams, due to absence of the shredders. The biome dependency hypothesis also did not fit, as 2 stations in similar forest type (MF) had identical community, but not in the OPF in the Rawan and Byung sub-basins.

2 tables, 16 ref

002408   Sarkar A;Sharma A (Zoology Dep, Agra College, Agra-282 002, Email: amieeta@gmail.com) : Sarus crane Grus antigone antigone in Uttar Pradesh, India. J expl Zool 2012, 15(2), 651-4.

Sarus Crane is the state bird of Uttar Pradesh in Northern India. Sarus Crane is the only resident breeding crane in India and is the world's tallest flying bird. Sarus Cranes were studied at different sites in district Mainpuri viz, Markandeshwar, Bhamwat, Saman Bird Sanctuary and Krithua. Mainpuri lies about 135 km from Agra, Uttar Pradesh. Study on activity patterns of the Indian Sarus Crane was carried out at different sites in Mainpuri district from October 2011-February 2012.

8 illus, 1 table, 19 ref

002407   Sampour M (Biology Dep, Luristan Univ, Khoramabad, Iran, Email: majedsampoor@yahoo.com) : Morphological studies of sensitive seta of scorpions and distribution of scorpions (Arachnida:Scorpiones) in Luristan, Iran. J expl Zool 2012, 15(2), 413-9.

The morphological studies of sensitive seta on scorpions and distribution scorpions in Luristan province are described. The sensitive seta are present in high amount on tegument of scorpions. They consists of three types, included macrochete and microchete, both called simple seta. Simple seta are situated on different parts of body. The other type is called trichobothria. Trichobothria is positioned on prefemur, femur and fixed finger of pedipalp in order of scorpions. The scorpions were collected from different regions of Luristan, these included different genera and species, which were identified and biological studies were carried out on them. The samples were identified using key to identify scorpions, and stereo microscope. Several species of scorpions are distributed in Luristan, included Scorpio.maurus, Hemiscorpius lepturus, Androctonus crassicauda, Mesobuthus eupeus and Compsobuthus matthisseni.

6 illus, 25 ref

002406   Samadini A A;Gharahveysi S (NO, Islamic Azad Univ, Ghaemshahr, Iran) : Genetic study of electrophortic and morphometric particulars in Liza auratus in the Babolsar and fereydonkenar areas in Casoian sea, Iran. Ecol Envir Conserv 2011, 17(1), 1-5.

For studying the biological characteristics and physical appearance, morphometric and electrophortic record information and the genetic study of Liza auratus are accomplished by polymorphism, Transferin, hemoglobin, total protein and the analysis of electrophoresis in the Babolsar and Fereydunkenar areas in the southern part of the Caspian sea in 2010. According to the random sampling of 50 Liza auratus from fishing in these areas (Babolsar and Fereydunkenar) and after observation of the variety in transferin of Liza auratus in these areas, ploymorphism tranferin appeared in the form of 1 or 2 band by the number of Codominants. Meaningful differences observed between fishes in both areas (Babolsar and Fereydunkenar)and the abundance of meaningful differences in Liza arautus from the Babolsar area was more than the and Fereydunkenar area. Genotypes comprise AA. AB. BB.AC. CC. BC. And all of the meristic and morphometric factors of fishes from the Babolsar area had more abundance than the Fereydunkenar area. In comparison with the caught samples in the Fereydunkenar area, Genotype BB had more abundance in the Babolsar area. According to these studies. The coefficient of variance for countable factors which are imporessed by genetic factors, like, (the number of fin rays and the number of up and! down scale on the lateral line of fish from the Babolsar area had more abundance than the Fereydunkenar area. And so, in comparison with the proportion of morphometric factors, like, (the length of head, standard length and the height of body in the fishes that are caught from the Babolsar area) was more than Fereydunkenar area.

4 tables, 21 ref

002405   Sachin Kumar;Thakur R K (Forest Entomology Div, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun-248 006, Email: sk29jan@gmail.com) : Termite in the office and residential building in new forest campus, Dehradun, Uttarakhand. J expl Zool 2012, 15(2), 579-82.

Termites, particularly the subterranean termites causes an extensive damage to the wood-work in the buildings. Over the years, termites have become a major problem in the residential as well as office buildings in the New Forest Campus, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun. During the last four years (2007-2010), termite attack was reported from about 68 places (vide supra). Five species, Heterotermes indicola (Wasmann), Coptotermes heimi (Wasmann), Odontotermes obesus (Rambur), Odontotermes distans Holmgren and Holmgren and Odontotermes indicus Thakur, have been repoted to cause damage to the wooden structures in buildings. Among these, Heterotermes indicola (Wasmann) has been observed to cause maximum damage in the whole campus followed by Coptotermes heimi (Wasmann) and Odontotermes obesus (Rambur). The two other species, Odontotermes distans and Odontotermes indicus are confined to old houses, cow sheds, wooden poles, etc. and are not that much damaging as the other three species.

1 table, 20 ref

002404   Relekar S S;Joshi V P;Koli K M;Sharangdhar S T;Sharangdhar M T (NO, College of Fisheries, Ratnagiri-415 629) : Effect of good manufacturing practrices (GMPs) on microbiological quality of dried ribbonfish, Lepturacanthus savala. Ecol Envir Conserv 2011, 17(1), 41-7.

Microbiological quality of fresh ribbon fish showed that TPC was 2.90 x 10⁵ cfu/ g and halophilic bacteria were absent. Pathogens namely Staphylococci. E. coli, Salomonella, Streptococci. Vihrio and Coliforms were absent in fresh fish. Drying time for fish dried by different methods was observed to be 58 hours, 82 hours and 130 hours for Solar tent drier, raised bamboo: platform and black polythene sheet respectively. Initial total plate count of ribbon fish dried in Solar tent drier, raised bamboo platform, black polvthene sheet and market sample as recorded at 2.96 X 10³,3.80 x 10³.1.12 x 10⁴ and 2.30 x 10⁴ cfu/g respectively and the same increased to 5 x 10³, 6.30 x 10³. 4.80 x 10and 5.80 X 10⁴ cfu/g respectively at the end of 120 days storage period. Initial total halophilic count of ribbon fish dried in solar tent drier, raised bamboo platform black polythene sheet and market sample was observed to be 2.40 x 10², 2.44 x 10², 5.50 x 10³ and 2.20 x 10⁴ cfu/g respectively. It increased to 4.0 x 10², 5.10 x 10², 2.0 x 10⁴ and 1.4 x 10⁵ cftu/g, respectively at the end of 120 days storage study. Initially ribbon fish dried in solar tent drier and raised bamboo platform were observed to be free from fungus. However, TFC in solar tent dried and raised bamboo platform dried sample was recorded as 4.60x10¹ and 4.80x10¹ cfu/g respectively at the end of four months storage. The TFC of ribbon fish dried on black polythene and market sample at initiation of storage was found to he 0.9x 10² and 1.2xl0³ cfu/g respectively and then TFC in these samples increased to 2.60x 10² and 2.70x 10³ cfu/g respectively after four months storage. Ribbon fish dried in solar tent drier, on raised bamboo platform and on black polythene sheet were absolutely free from total coli form organism initially during entire 120 days storage. While total, coli form organisms could be detected in dried ribbon fish sample collected from local market. It was recorded to be big initially and increased during storage. Finally, at the end of 120 days storage. TC was 58g.

26 ref

002403   Rajora S;Jain S;Lal S S (Zoology Dep, R.C.P.G. College, Meerut-250 003) : In vitro effects of two anthelmintics on the sheep nodular worm (Oesophagostomum columbianum). J expl Zool 2012, 15(2), 615-18.

Investigated the in vitro effects on the morphology of tissues and organs of O. columbianum of the two drugs ivermectin and morantel. The worms were incubated in media containing 50 μg/ml concentrations of ivermectin and morantel for 8 h. It was observed that severe pathological changes like invaginations and evaginations, wavy appearance of cuticle, cloudy swelling of muscle layer and accumulation of black color crystals in the endodermal epithelial cells and lumen of intestine were induced by drugs. The eggs were completely damaged showing Karyokinesis, karyolysis and Karyorrhexis.

12 illus, 15 ref

002402   Prabha Swayam Prakash;Reddy K R (Zoology Dep, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada Univ, Aurangabad-431 004, Email: ravibamu@yahoo.in) : Damages to structural wood by the termite Odontotermes wallonensis (Wasman) Isoptera:Termitidae. J expl Zool 2012, 15(2), 361-3.

Damages to structural wood by O. wallonensis was studied during the period 2009 to 2010 in Bidar, Karnataka State. Three types of houses were selected for the present study such as R.C.C. (Rod-cement-concrete) house, TR (Tile Roof) house and T.H. (Thatched hut). O.wallonensis causes damages to structural wood in the maximum number of house especially to the red soil localities. Door and windows frame R.C.C. (Rod-cement-concrete) houses. Door frame window sashes of TR (Tile Roof) houses and bamboo supporter T.H. (Thatched hut) houses were severely deteriorated. Beside these books were also damaged in R.C.C. houses and T.R. houses. The intensity of damage to indoor wood articles was analysed.

4 illus, 1 table, 5 ref

002401   Prabha Swayam Prakash;Reddy K R (Zoology Dep, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada Univ, Aurangabad-431 004, Email: ravibamu@yahoo.in) : Nesting pattern of the termite Odontotermes wallonensis (Wasman) (Isoptera:Termitidae). J expl Zool 2012, 15(2), 349-53.

The colony foundation and development and pattern of young and established nest of O.wallonensis were investigated in and around Bidar area of Karnataka state. Swarming of alate of the species occurred during pre monsoon and continued throughout the wet months. After pairing, alates of the species will select sites in the crevices of the soil or in loose soil for the foundation of a colony. The active construction of the mound was observed during the cool hours of the day in the rainy months the young nest O.wallonensis was dome shaped with one or two domes like turrets. In young colonies the fungus comb were aggregated in the central cavity and the royal chamber was situated beneath usually at the centre. The established nests of species were extended by addition of vaults galleries runways etc. the mound nest was extended horizontally in O.wallonensis.

6 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

002400   Pawar S L;Jadhav M R (NO, Radhabai Kale Mahila Mahavidyalay Ahmednagar, Ahmednagar-414 001) : Changes in the rate of oxygen consumption in freshwater bivalve, Lamellidens marginalis from Godavari river: in the effect of cerebralectomy and injection of cerebral extract during summer. J expl Zool 2012, 15(2), 619-22.

Considering the importance of neuro- endocrine control on the physiological activities in bivalve shellfishes from fresh water environments, and have reported here the role played by cerebral ganglia in respiratory metabolism of freshwater bivalve molluscs, Lamellidens marginalis from Godavari River at Paithan near Aurangabad. During summer season, the adult bivalve molluscs, Lamellidens marginalis of 70-75 mm shell length and 10.222-13.662 g body weight were subjected to (a) control (normal) (b) removal of both cerebral ganglia (c) injection of their cerebral extract to intact control as well as (d) injection of their extract to ganglia removal bivalves and (e) injection of ice- cold distilled water to normal control for 12 days. The rate of oxygen consumption in bivalves from all four groups (including control) was measured on 2nd, 7th and 12th day. The study revealed that, the rate of oxygen consumption was significantly increased in cerebral ganglia removed, as well as cerebral ganglionic extract injected to ablated group on 2nd, 7th and 12th day compared to control. The rate also showed significant increase in injection of extract to normal control 2nd, 7th and 12th day. Increased rate of oxygen consumption recorded in cerebral ganglia ablated group than extract injected one on 12th day.

1 table, 24 ref

002399   Patange S B;Sharangdhar S T;Koli J M;Joshi V R (NO, College of Fisheries (Dr. B.S. Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth), Ratnagiri-415 629) : Preparation and characterization of gelatin from pink perch skin. Ecol Envir Conserv 2011, 17(1), 37-40.

Edible grade gelatin is usually prepared from bovine sources. In the recent years, fish processing waste is generated in preparation of surimi from Indian pink perch (Nemipterus japonicus) as skin in large quantities that offers great potential for preparation of gelatin. Gelatin was prepared and extraction conditions were optimized for treatment of skin waste from pink perch. Cleaned skins were treated with 0.3% NaOH (1:5 w/v) at 5°C for 30 min with constant stirring and again rinsed with tap water (repeated 3 times). Skins were caused to swell with 0.07 N acetic acid (1:10 w/v) at room temperature for 9 h. Gelatin was extracted in water at 45°C, filtered using Whatman filter paper No.4 and the clear filtrate was dried under vacuum at 45°C. The fish gelatin had good functional properties. Organoleptically it had no fishy odour. The optimum yield of gelatin was 5% with moisture content of 2.35%. It had gel strength of 178 g (6.67% at 10°C) and viscosity of 9.2 cPa at 60°C. The properties of pink perch skin gelatin were comparable with bovine gelatin in use.

^ssc2 tables, 14 ref

002398   Pandey B M;Teripathi M K;Vijay Lakshmi (Entomology and Agril. Zoology Dep, T.D.P.G. College, Jaunpur-222 002, Email: pandeybm12@gmail.com) : Seasonal incidence of gram pod borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.) on chickpea in Varanasi area. J expl Zool 2012, 15(2), 667-9.

An experiment was conducted to study the seasonal incidence of larval population of gram pod borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.) at the farmer field located at Phulpur, Varansi in Eastern U.P. during Rabi season 2011-12 on Awrodhi variety of chickpea crop. The highest larval population was recorded in the 4th week of March 2012 (12th standard week) with 15.3mean larval population/plant. The population has significantly positive correlation with both minimum and maximum temperature and the correlation coefficient was 0.62 and 0.64 respectively. The correlation coefficient of morning and afternoon relative humidity was negative (-0.76 and -0.73). The rainfall and larval population showed negative correlation coefficient (-0.09) but it was non significant.

1 table, 13 ref

002397   Naz S;Rao S;Azsmi M A;Rizvi S A (Zoology Dep, Karachi Univ, Karachi-75270, Pakistan, Email: dr.symanaz@gmail.com) : Preliminary survey on the butterfly fauna (lepidoptera) of University of Karachi and the surrounded areas. J expl Zool 2012, 15(2), 557-62.

The faunistic survey of butterflies (Lepidoptera) has been conducted to develop a checklist and the knowledge towards the fauna of butterflies found in and associated areas of University of Karachi, that covering almost 1280 Acres. During the present work, family Papilionidae (22.58%), Nymphalidae (25.81%), Pieridae (32.26%), Lycaenidae (12.90%) and Hesperiidae (6.45%) have been reported from the study areas. The butterflies are identified with the help of recent available literature, and also compared with the available specimens collected in Cockayne Lepidopteral collection of Natural History Museum, London. All recorded species have been deposited in the Natural History Museum, University of Karachi, and shown in photographic plates. The flora of the campus is also discussed with reference to the Lepidopteral fauna.

4 illus, 2 tables, 44 ref

002396   Narendran T C (All India Coordinated Project on Taxonomy & Capacity Building, Western Regional Station Zoological Survey of India, Jafferkhan Colony, Kozhikode-673 006) : Miscogasteriella Girault (hymenoptera:pteromalidae). J expl Zool 2012, 15(2), 339-48.

The species of Miscogasteriella Girault (Hymenoptera:Pteromalidae) is briefly reviewed with a description of a new species Miscogasteriella keijli Narendran sp.nov. from Vietnam. A key to species of Miscogasteriella is also provided.

^iia2 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

002395   Modhukoilya A;Pan S (NO, West Bengal Animal and Fishery Sciences Univ, Kolkata-700 037) : Comparative ethogram of male sexual behaviour of Rhode island red and Vanaraja fowl. Explor Anim med Res 2011, 1(2), 167-71.

Experiment was conducted to compare the male sexual behaviour of Rhode Island Red and Vanaraja fowl parent stock managed under deep litter system. Twenty males and 140 females of each genetic group were selected randomly in two batches belonging to age and body weight ranges of 36-48 weeks & 2.8-4.5 kg respectively. Sexual behaviour was recorded for one hour starting at 5 PM. Every bird was observed for 20 sessions. The transformed data were analysed to identify the variation due to genetic group if any. Frequency of mounting in RIR and Vanaraja males are 1.80 ± 0.01 and 1.78 ± 0.01 respectively. Frequency (per hour) of forced mounting is seen significantly (P≤0.01) more in Vanaraja (1.93 ± 0.02) than that in RIR (1.77 ± 0.01). Frequency of copulation and forced copulation in RIR are 1.87 ± 0.01 and 1.62 ± 0.01 respectively; whereas in Vanaraja these values are 1.84 ± 0.01 and 1.63 ± 0.01. Frequency of male to male aggression does not differ significantly as the values are exactly the same in both genetic groups (2.29 ± 0.03). Frequency of male to female aggression in Vanaraja (2.64 ± 0.02) is significantly (P ≤0.05) more than that in RIR (2.56 ± 0.02). Frequency of waltzing pattern is seen significantly (P ≤ 0.01) more in RIR (2.10 ± 0.02) than in Vanaraja (1.95 ± 0.02). Frequency per hour of high step advance for both RIR and Vanaraja are 2.06 et al. 0.02 and 1.9 ± 0.02 respectively; Frequency per hour of steps off is seen more in RIR (2.00 ± 0.01) than that in Vanaraja (1.94 ± 0.01). Statistical analysis revealed significant effect of genetic group on steps off activity. It is concluded that RIR cocks appear to be more successful breeder. Vanaraja cocks have made more aggressive display of different patterns.

1 table, 10 ref

002394   Mishra R;Chaubey S N;Ahmad G (Zoology Dep, S.D.J.P.G. College, Chandeshwar, Azamgarh-276 128, Email: drsncchaubey@gmail.com) : Morphology, feeding capacity and prey preference of orb-weaving spider Neosona nautica (L. Koch, 1875). J expl Zool 2012, 15(2), 467-72.

Laboratory studies were carried out to investigate morphology, prey preference and feeding capacity of Neoscona nautica (orb weaver spider) collected from various places of Azamgarh district in Uttar Pradesh (India). It was observed that it is a nocturnal species found on bushes near the crop fields, makes web at night and feeds on moths, mosquitoes, house flies and other soft bodied insects. A single individual can prey on about 19.40 ±g2.32 insects/ 24h. Moths were the preferred prey for this species. During morphological study two pairs of pit-like spots were observed on the dorsal surface of abdomen. This feature was reported here for the first time.

5 illus, 1 table, 62 ref

002393   Lakshmipyari W;Gambhir R K (Parasitology Section Life Sciences Dep, Manipur Univ, Canchipur-795 003, Email: lakshmi_wah@yahoo.co.in) : Raillietiella bifurcaudata N. sp. (pentastomida) from a wall Lizard in Manipur, India. J expl Zool 2012, 15(2), 355-9.

A new pentastomid, Raillieitiella bifurcaudata n. sp. found in the lungs of wall lizard, Hemidactylus flaviviridis (Rppell, 1835) collected from Manipur, India is described and illustrated. The new species belongs to the sharp-tipped posterior hooked Raillieitiella. The body dimension, number of annuli, size of the oral cadre, length of the anterior and posterior hooks, etc differentiates the present specimen from all the known species of Raillietiella.

2 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

002392   Lakshman J;Vengaiah V;Naik A G;Basha S H; Changamma C (Zoology Dep, S.V. Univ, Tirupati-517 501) : Enzymes with reference to antispermatogenesis in male albino rat. J expl Zool 2012, 15(2), 595-9.

Administration of Carica papaya seed extract (50mg/kg body wt/day for 15 days) to Wistar male rat through oral route affected some of the marker dehydrogenase enzymes like Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), Succinate Dehydrogenase (SDH) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH). The inhibition of oxidative metabolism was noticed by reduced SDH& LDH in all reproductive tissues. The reduction is more in testes which leads to inhibition of spermatogenesis. The enhanced activity of G-6-PDH, as a potential generator of NADPH in testes indicates the impaired steroidogenesis, thus leads to antispermatogenesis by seed extract.

4 illus, 4 tables, 24 ref

002391   Kharoo V K (Zoology Dep, Allahabad Univ, Allahabad-211 002, Email: kharoolg@gmail.com) : New species of the genus Bolbophorous (Kraus, 1914) Dubios, 1935 (trematoda:diplostomatidae (poirier, 1886) dubois, 1953) with a discussion on the systematic position of the genus and classification of the family. J expl Zool 2012, 15(2), 521-6.

Bolbophorous darteri sp. nov. is described from an Indian Darter Anhinga melanogaster which is a new host record. No extensive work seems to have been carried out on the genus Bolbophorous because the infestation of the parasite has been very rare all over the world. However, of late, the parasite has been taken seriously because of the nuisance created by it with a considerable loss occurring in production of commercial channel catfish in U.S.A. Though Bolbophorous orientalis n.sp. Vidyarthi, 1938 is the only record of this genus from Buteo rufinus rufinus in India but this genus was synonymised with Neodiplostomum by Bhalerao in 1942 and subsequently considered identical to Diplostomum duboisi, Anantraman and Balasubramanium by Dubois in 1953. Therefore, the present species under discussion could be considered the first record of the genus from India. The history and classification of the family Diplostomatidae and the genus Bolbophorous has been thoroughly discussed.

2 illus, 1 table, 22 ref

002390   Kavarizadeh F;Vazirianzadeh B;Rashno Z;Arab L;Soltani Z;Ardi P (Medical Parasitology Dep, Ahvaz Jundishapur Medical Sciences Univ, Ahwaz, Iran, Email: babakvazir@yahoo.co.uk) : Preliminary faunastic study of Sergentomyia sand flies of Maleh area of Shoush county, South West of Iran, 2010. J expl Zool 2012, 15(2), 491-3.

There are many published paper regarding roles of Sergentomyia genus in the transmission of infectious diseases in the different countries. Maleh area of Shoush County, south-west of Iran was studied from point of Sergentomyia faunestic in this research project. In the current research study 6 species of Sergentomyia were recognized of 486 collected sand flies. Therefore, it is concluded that further faunustic study of Sergentomyia sandflies in Khozestan, sw of Iran, is a basic point, because CL is endemic in this province and Papatasi fever has been reported from this province.

1 table, 20 ref

002389   Kamble A B;Reddy K R (Zoology Dep, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada Univ, Aurangabad-431 004, Email: ravibamu@yahoo.in) : Zooplankton diversity of a fresh water reservoir Mangi, Solapur district (Maharashtra). J expl Zool 2012, 15(2), 335-8.

Diversity of Zooplankton is the most essential ecological parameter in the water quality assessment of rivers and creservoirs. Zooplankton play a vital role in aquatic ecosystem, they form an important link in the food chain and are capable of affecting the entire aquatic life. Zooplankton provides the main food item of fishes. The diversity of fishes is regulated by the diversity of zooplankton. The important feature of zooplankton is its immense diversity over space and time. Zooplanktons are greatly influenced by seasonal variations of the abiotic factors. The diversity of the zooplankton in freshwater ecosystem is controlled by several factors like temperature; dissolved oxygen and organic matter are important factors which control the growth of zooplankton. Several species of zooplanktons are appeared to be indicative of Mesotrophic environment. Qualitative and quantitative study of zooplankton with respect to abiotic factors is studied. Zooplankton diversity from Mangi reservoir was carried out during the period Feb. 2010 to Jan. 2011. Investigation reveals 10 species of Rotifers with maximum density in the month of May (152 Org/L) and minimum in the month of October (10 Org/L), 03 species of Cladocerans with maximum density in the month of May (21 Org/L) and minimum density in the month of February (06 Org/L) and 03 species of copepods with maximum density in the month of May (58 Org/L) while minimum density in the month of September (03 Org/L) from reservoir. Ostracoda were not recorded.

2 illus, 3 tables, 19 ref

002388   Johri P K;Johri R (Zoology Dep, D.A.V. College, Kanpur-208 002, Email: kumar_pee@yahoo.com) : The description of internal anatomy of Indian earwigs, Labidura riparia from Bengalensis (Dohrn), Euborellia annulipes (Lucas) and Nala lividipes (Dufour): dermaptera with special reference to digestive, nervous, respiratory, circulatory and reproductive systems. J expl Zool 2012, 15(2), 309-34.

The internal anatomy of digestive, nervous, respiratory, circulatory and reproductive system have been worked out in detail in three species of Indian earwigs viz., Euborellia annulipes Lucas., (apterygote), Labidura bengalensis Dohrn and Nala lividipes Dufour (Pterygote). In alimentary canal the number and arrangement of malpighian tubules varies in apterygote and pterygote earwigs. In E. annulipes the number of malpighian tubules is 24 arranged in four groups, two anterior group of 7 and two posterior group of 5 each. In L. bengalensis and N. lividipes the number is 32 arranged in 4 groups, two anterior having 9 and two posterior having 7 each has been reported for the first time for taxonomic significance. The central, stomodaeal and sympathetic nervous system and the position of the different ganglia, distribution of the nerves to the different parts of the body has also been intensively worked out with special remarks on the points of variation in between the apterygote and pterygote earwigs. In L. bengalensis and N. lividipes alary nerves are present with meso and meta thoracic ganglia which is absent in E. annulipes. In petrygote earwigs the prothoracic ganglia have an additional pair of postero visceral nerve supplying to tegmina and wing which is absent in apterygote earwig. In pterygote earwigs the 6th abdominal ganglia have an additional pair of antero caudal nerve which is however, absent in apterygote. In pterygote no transverse fusion band is present in between the longitudinal commissure of the 4th and 5th abdominal ganglia which is however well developed in apterygote and clearly visible. The stomodaeal, ventral and caudal sympathetic nervous system has been found almost similar in all the three species except their negligible size variation. The peripheral nervous system is well developed in all the three species which has been reported for the first time. The respiratory system is of peripneustic type. The tracheation of head, thorax and abdomen has been adequately investigated and reported with proper nomenclature of the different tracheal trunks supplying to the various regions of the body. The points of differences in the position and distribution of the tracheal trunks in between the apterygote and pterygote earwigs has also been reported. The circulatory system of all the three species have been thoroughly investigated and reported for the first time in the dermapteran insects. It is of generalized orthopteran pattern and is almost similar in all the three species except the minor size variation and in the pterygotes two segmental vessels of the thoracic region having fine ramification which is supplying blood to the tegmina and wing. The male and female reproductive system of all the three species has been adequately investigated and reported with the special remarks on the differences in all the three species. In pterygotes no accessory gland are found in between the vesicular seminalis and ejaculatory duct which is however well developed in apterygote. In female reproductive system of pterygote earwigs a accessory gland coiled over the genital chamber is present however it is absent in apterygote earwig. This remarkable and reliable difference is having taxonomic significance in future.

9 illus, 22 ref

002387   Jain S;Barkha (Zoology Dep, Govt. Girls Degree College, Bareilly-243 001) : Some salient features of mating behaviour of Forcipomyia species (Biting midges) found in the Gangetic region of Uttar Pradesh. J expl Zool 2012, 15(2), 629-32.

Forcipomyia is considered as an important vector of Protozoan, nematodes and virus of some groups. The Forcipomyia is a genus of family Ceratopogonidae, commonly called as 'Biting midges. The life-cycle of Forcipomyia completes in four stages. This paper is totally based upon the mating behaviour. In Forcipomyia mating behaviour can be distinguished in two groups (1) Mating Generally occurs during the flight (2) Mating occurs with the help of pheromones (short range signal). Forcipomyia barkhai and Forcipomyia dibiyapurensis is widely distributed in the middle Gangetic plain of Uttar Pradesh. The both species mate during the swarm. It was difficult to induced artificial mating in captivity. The mating experiment were performed at 18-22 °C. All the observation were carried between these limits. Some of Generation taken in the laboratory are confirmed from the observation taken in the fi.

1 illus, 4 tables, 11 ref

002386   Hemant Kumar;Mukesh Kumar;Kareem N (Toxicology Lab Zoology Dep, Bipin Bihari (P.G.) College, Jhansi-284 001) : Effect of karathane on carbohydrate metabolism in the Indian freshwater catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). J expl Zool 2012, 15(2), 647-9.

The sublethal concentration used is of the Indian freshwater catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis) to a 1/6 fraction at 96 hrs. LC₅₀ (0.600 ppm) for 3, 6, 12, 48 and 96 hrs, effected carbohydrates metabolism. Muscle glycogen level increased significant at 3, 6, 48 and 96 hrs., but decreased at 12 hrs. Liver glycogen decreased at 3 and 96 hrs. Hyperglycemia was observed at all time intervals. Blood pyruvate was increased at 3, 6 and 12 hrs. Blood Lactate was increased at 3 and 12 hrs., but hypolaticemia at 96 hrs.

1 table, 29 ref

002385   Gupta R;Kanaujia A (Zoology Dep, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, Email: ragni.gupta@gmail.com) : Ecology of eagles in Bendelkhand Region, India. Vet Wld 2012, 5(1), 31-5.

A preliminary study on eagles in districts of Bundelkhand region (stretched between 20°35'-26N and 78-82'E) has been carried out. An extensive survey was carried out (2006-1010) to know their population status and fluctuation in population, including breeding colonies in Bundelkhand region. The numbers of birds were recorded per year in different seasons, with the help of binoculars. Method was supported by photography. The most common species recorded during the study period was Milvus migrans govinda (resident species) while the rarer species were Haliaeetus leucoryphus, Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus. Aquila helica, Ictinaetus malayensis, Aquila chrysaetos as migratory species in Panna National Park. It was found that number of eagles also variable. It has been recorded that maximum number 1070-2010. Highest numbers of chicks were reported in 2009. Juveniles have more tendency of migration.

6 tables, 11 ref

002384   Gautam R;Gautam R K (Zoology Dep, School of Life Sciences, Khandari Campus, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Univ, Agra-284 001, Email: 2011ritu.gautam26@gmail.com) : Sur sarovar- a hidden wildlife place in the city of Taj. J expl Zool 2012, 15(2), 513-14.

All over the world everyone is familiar to the Agra city due to renowned wonderful love monument 'Taj Mahal'. Besides, there is a wildlife place known as 'Keetham lake' that inspired the famous poet 'Surdas' to compose the Bhakti Kavya and ignited by passions of lord Krishna and Radha. This place is well known as Sur Sarovar and famous Bird Sanctuary. It has worldwide status for migratory and resident birds. More than 126 species of migratory and resident birds are known to have their resting habitats in the keetham lake. A largest bear rescue facility is also located in the vicinity of this wildlife place. It has good habitat of reptiles. There are 37 species of boa and 27 species of python present in this area.

2 tables, 8 ref

002383   Fakoorziba M R;Kadivar A A;Alipour H (Medical Entomology Dep, School of Health and Nutrition, Shiraz Medical Sciences Univ, Shiraz, Iran, Email: alipoorh@sums.ac.ir) : Identification of house dust mite species (Acarina:Astigmata) in producing allergy and asthma in residential places in south of Iran. J expl Zool 2012, 15(2), 609-12.

Due to the rule of mites in producing severe allergic reactions in sensitive people; the current study was designed to investigate the mite fauna in carpet dust sample from residential houses in Shiraz city at summer 2009. The survey was done descriptive. The populations for study were mites in residential houses in Shiraz. In this study, randomized sampling was done from 100 residential houses situated in different parts of Shiraz city and totally 100 dust samples were collected from carpet with vacuum cleaner. Samples were transferred to the health college laboratory of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences and registered. About 200 mg house dust from each place was disgorged into Petri dish and placed under stereomicroscope or binocular. Entomologic needle has been used for separation of mites and kept them in alcohol 70%. In this study 69 mites were hunted and 3 species were identified for the first time in this area. These species were Dermatophagoides farinae (52.2%), Glycyphagus domesticus(13.0%) and D. pteronyssinus (34.8%). The results of investigation demonstrated that 12 out of 100 houses (12%) were contaminated with one or multiple mites. It was identified that 85% of contaminated residential places have shown the D. farina mites. Results from this study showed that the degree of contamination by house dust mites in studied residential houses was 12%. Although, the D. farinae is allocated for 52.2% of diagnosed cases, it seems that due to climatic conditions in Shiraz city, frequency of mites is significantly low and has little relation to allergy and asthma in Shiraz city.

2 illus, 2 tables, 29 ref

002382   Donar A S;Reddy K R (Zoology Dep, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada Univ, Aurangabad-431 004, Email: ravibamu@yahoo.in) : Diversity of zooplankton from Nipani reservoir, district Belgaum, Karnataka. J expl Zool 2012, 15(2), 375-8.

Deals with the study of Zooplankton diversity from Nipani reservoir, Dist. Belgaum. The Zooplanktons are the heterotrophic component of the Planktonic group that drifts in the water body. Zooplanktonic studies are useful for management of fisheries. In the present investigation, Zooplankton has studied for one year i.e. Feb. 2010 to Jan. 2011. The Percentage composition of Zooplanktons during the study period shows Rotifers 53%, Cladocerans 20%, Copepods 26% and Ostracoda 1%. Rotifers dominated the Zooplankton population followed by cladocerans, copepods and ostracoda. Different species of Zooplankton among these groups, the monthly variation in the density of Zooplankton is studied with respect to their species. The population of Zooplankton was higher in summer and low in winter. Higher temperature less nutrients and low oxygen contents would have favored the growth of rotifers.

2 illus, 4 tables, 19 ref

002381   Dinesh Kumar;Singh D P;Verma M (P.G. Zoology Dep, Barielly College, Barielly) : Morphological study of male genetalia organs of Indian back swimmer insulata kirby (hemiptera: heteroptera: notonectidae). J expl Zool 2012, 15(2), 503-4.

Deals with the external genital organs of Indian back swimmer. The Notonctidae are well known most interesting and fascinating of all the aquatic insect of tropic and subtrophic. They are medium sized back swimmers which are found in fresh and brackish water. The male external genitalia includes a pygophore which encloses the invaginated phallic organ.

1 illus, 10 ref

002380   Dhirender;Singh S P (Zoology Dep, JNV Univ, Jodhpur-342 001) : Some observations on the acid phosphatase and succinic dehydrogenase activity in the juxtaglomerular complex and glomerulus of the kidney of HGCL₂-treated house sparrow, Passer domesticus. J expl Zool 2012, 15(2), 591-4.

Studies incorporate nephrotoxic effects of HgCl₂ on the relative distribution of acid phosphatase (ACP) and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) activity in the juxtaglomerular complex(JGC) and glomerulus (GL) of the house sparrow, Passer domesticus. It was observed that ACP-rich lysosomal activity appears to be somewhat decreased in the glomeruli and juxtaglomerular complex parts of the kidney of P.domesticus accompanied by structural disorganization of glomerular network, macula densa, disruption of bounding epithelial layers of Bowman's capsule and convoluted tubules. However, in controls, lysosomal activity seems to relatively more marked in the glomeruli and components of juxtaglomerular complex and various tubules. On the other hand, SDH activity appears to be relatively decreased in the podocytes, mesangial cells and macula densa parts of the renal cortex of HgCl₂ -treated P.domesticus. However, in control experiments, intense SDH activity was seen with no histolytic changes in the glomeruli, macula densa and tubular networks of the kidney. A possible correlationship between different enzymic activities in the renal cortex of the house sparrow in relation to HgCl₂-induced toxicity has been stated.

4 illus, 22 ref

002379   Bhoir K K;Suryawanshi S A;Pandey A K (Zoology Dep, Institute of Science, 15 Madam Cama Road, Mumbai-400 032, Email: akpandey_cifa@yahoo.co.in) : Alterations in carbohydrate metabolism of albino Mus norvegicus induced by sublethal heroin administration. J expl Zool 2012, 15(2), 443-6.

Effect of sublethal heroin administration on blood sugar level as well as liver and muscle glycogen content of albino Mus norvegicus was studied. Blood sugar level of the control albino rats fluctuated between 94.16 ±g3.07 and 95.59 ±g2.54 mg/dl while heroin treated rats exhibited progressive hyperglycemia (P<60> 0.001) on day 7 (99.71 ±g1.15 mg/dl) with the peak blood sugar value by day 30 (104 ±g1.69 mg/dl). Liver glycogen content of the control rats varied between 2.02 ±g0.29 and 2.49 ±g0.21 mg/dl body weight whereas experimental rats showed significant decrease in hepatic glycogen content on day 7 (P<60>0.05) and the lowest value (1.90 ±g0.17 mg/100 g body weight) by day 30 (P<60>0.001). Muscle glycogen content of the control rats ranged between 1.21 ±g0.48 and 2.49 ±g0.21 g/100 g body weight whereas experimental rats displayed significant decline in glycogen content on day 15 (P<60>0.05) and lowest value (0.86 ±g0.16 g/ 100 g body weight) by day 30 (P<60>0.001). The subtle blood glucovariations with concurrent hepatic glycogenolysis provide reliable evidence of biochemical stress the animal is experiencing after drug administration.

1 table, 69 ref

001423   Verma R;Shah K K (Fisheries Development & Research Laboratory Zoology Dep, L.S.M. Govt. (P.G.) College, Pithoragarh) : Fecundity of Labeo dyocheilus from river Western Ramganga, Uttarakhand. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2012, 32(2), 243-7.

The study deals with the fecundity of Labeo dyocheilus in western Ramganga River from Uttarakhand region. The total fecundity of the fish varied from a minimum 2170 to a maximum 22,919 in the fish measuring to 10.3cm to 29.8cm, respectively.

4 illus, 1 table, 21 ref

001422   Singh T;Singh P K;Sahaf K A (NO, Research Extension Centre, Central Silk Board, Rampur Road, Una, Himachal Pradesh) : Egg diapause and metabolic modulations during embryonic development in the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera:Bombycidae). Ann Biol Res 2013, 4(1), 12-21.

Diapause, a period of arrest of growth and development enables insects to overcome and survive the unfavourable environmental conditions and represents a syndrome of physiological and biochemical characteristics. The nature of diapause in mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori is basically determined by manifestation of genetic characters and endocrinological mechanisms under the influence of environmental stimuli, such as temperature and photoperiod. Nucleotides and carbohydrate metabolism, production and utilization of sorbitol and glycerol are also equally responsible for induction, initiation, determination, maintenance and termination of diapause. Metabolic conversion of trehalose to glycogen at the induction, glycogen to sorbitol at the initiation and sorbitol to glycogen at the termination of diapause is correlated and in each metabolic shift a key enzyme becomes active in response to hormonal and environmental stimulation. An attempt has been made in this review article to briefly discuss the nature of egg diapause in relation to genetical and hormonal studies besides nucleotides and carbohydrate metabolism associated with induction, initiation, determination, maintenance and termination of diapause during embryonic development and its significance in mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori.

68 ref

001421   Singh T K;Sattar Shah M A;Devikarani K (Life Sciences Dep, Manipur Univ, Canchipur-795 003, Email: tksingh06@yahoo.co.in) : Spatial distribution of three species of covinellid predators on oak plant. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2012, 32(2), 171-80.

The spatial distribution of three coccinellid predators-Harmonia dimidiata Fabricius, Harmonia eucharis (Mulsant) and Cheilomenes sexmaculata Fabricius on oak plant was studied at experimental field of Regional Tasar Research Station (RTRS), Mantripukhri, Manipur during two consecutive cropping seasons (2009-10 & 2010-11). The various statistical parameters-variance to mean ratio, mean crowding, Llyod's index of patchiness, index of clumping, mean colony size, dispersion parameter- k, co-efficient of variance, Iwao's regression and Taylor's Power Law were used to study the distribution pattern of predators on oak plant. The predators were observed to follow contagious distribution on oak plant.

7 tables, 13 ref

001420   Sherly P S (PG & Research Zoology Dep, Sree Narayana College, Kollam-691 001, Email: pssherly@yahoo.com) : Variation in mauthner neuron in teleosts. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2012, 32(1), 133-5.

Mauthner cells or mauthner neurons or (M-cells) are a pair of neurons found in the medulla oblongata of fishes. The structure of the M-cells were identified and compared between a surface feeding fish, Rasbora daniconius and a bottom dwelling one, Mystus gulio. Variations are noticed in these two fishes. The differences in the M-cell may be contributed mainly to its feeding habits. The visual feeding habit in Rasbora doniconius contribute to the highly developed M-cell than the non visual feeding nature of M. gulio.

2 illus, 17 ref

001419   Shendge A N;Pawar B A;Pandarkar A K (Zoology Dep, T.C. College, Baramati-413 102, Email: anil_shendge4030@rediffmail.com) : Seasonal variation in protein content of muscles of freshwater catfish Notopterus notopterus (pallas) in relation to sex and maturity cycle. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2012, 32(1), 137-9.

Present paper deals with the seasonal variations in the biochemical composition of muscles of the catfish Nolopterus notopterus (Pallas). This fish is one of the commonest catfishes of India. It occurs throughout the country and forms the mainstay of inland fishery in many parts of India. It is a popular item of diet amongst the poor class of people and is sold rather cheaply. Among the catfishes, the nutritive value of N. notopterus is higher than that of other cat fishes. Many authors have studied the proximate biochemical composition of the muscle of catfishes (Airan, 1950; Natarajan & Sreenivasan, 1962; Kama! et al., 2007; Jafri, 2011). Except for a recent study on biochemical contents of brain in the freshwater catfish, N. notopterus in relation to sex (Shahana Banu et al., 2010), there has been no detailed account on the seasonal variation of biochemical constituents of various tissues of N. notopterus from Maharashtra, India.

1 table, 10 ref

001418   Sharma A;Devendra Mohan (NO, , C-145 Krishna Nagar, New Pali Road, Jodhpur-342 001, Email: a.kaushik10@yahoo.com ) : Growth studies of fries of Labeo rohita using different food variables. Ecol Envir Conserv 2011, 17(3), 571-4.

Supplementary feed to the spawn and fries of culturable carps play an important role in their increased survival, better growth and increased resistance to the diseases which may result in the success of hatchery operation and ultimately increases the fish production. Ayurvedic herbal drugs Ashwagandha, Safaid Musali, Sataver and Gokhru were mixed with egg yolk as supplementary feed. Two experimental conditions (1) Low temperature low volume (20.0 ± 2.0°C and 15 lit) and (2) High temperature high volume (30.0 ± 2°C and 80 lit) were selected to access the growth. The foods were provided daily at the rate of 2% of body weight. FCR, SGR were calculated and ANOVA were applied to the results. The increase in length and weight was highest with the food F₁ containing Ashwagandha under both LTLV and HTHV conditions. The higher growth was recorded under HTHV condition as compared to LTLV condition. The survival of fries was 100% under both the experimental conditions.

6 tables, 18 ref

001417   Shaikh M J;Vedpathak A N (Zoology Dep, Arts, Commerce And Science College, Sonai-414 105, Email: mjshaikh1850@rediffmail.com) : Seasonal changes in biochemical constituents in different body tissues of freshwater bivalve mollusc, Lamellidens marginalis (Lamark) from Pravara river in Maharashtra. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2012, 32(1), 85-9.

In the present study, variations in organic constituents in different soft body parts of Lamellidens marginalis found in Pravara River near Aurangabad was observed during different seasons. As environmental condition changes, it shows an effect on biochemical constituents in the tissues like mantle, hepatopancreas, foot and gonad. Protein is found to be maximum in gonads throughout all the three seasons, whereas mantle shows minimum values of protein. There is great fluctuation in the values of glycogen present in all the four body tissues during different seasons. During summer season, maximum glycogen is found in gonad, whereas during monsoon, maximum glycogen is found in foot. During winter season, maximum glycogen is observed in mantle and foot. Similarly, mantle and foot shows maximum amount of lipid during summer season and gonad shows maximum values of lipid during monsoon and winter seasons.

3 tables, 13 ref

001416   Sanjeev Kumar;Kumari Shachi;Kush K;Dubey N K (Zoology Dep, Lalit Narayan Mithila Univ, Darbhanga-846 004, Email: dnagina@gmail.com) : Antidiabetic and haematinic effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) in alloxan induced diabetic albino rats. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2012, 32(2), 249-51.

Diabetes is a malady. Use of medicinal plants in the treatment of various diseases has been widely recognized recently. In the present study an effort has been made to investigate the antidiabetic & haematinic effects of Trigonella foennm-graecum on alloxan induced experimental animal model. A significant rise in the blood glucose level was recorded in diabetic Vehicles when compared to normal experimental rats. Antidiabetic and haematinic activity was observed in fenugreek fed rats on 1st, 7th, 14th & 21th days post treatment. Antidiabetic effect of fenugreek was found less effective than that of standard treatment group. It is hoped that application of fenugreek will be greatly helpful in the therapeutic measures to be adopted for diabetic model.

2 tables, 6 ref

001415   Samadani A A (NO, Islamic Azad Univ, Quaemshahr Branch, Iran, Email: a_a_hormoz@yahoo.com) : Survey of sex determination, biological caracterestics and biodiversification of Capoeta capoeta gracilis in Babol river of Mazanabaran province. Ecol Envir Conserv 2011, 17(3), 631-6.

This Survey is done in order to check the biological and biosystematical caractarestics of capoeta capoeta gracilis in Babolrud river of Mazandaran province in 2009 - 2010. Fifty of this fish in various parts of this river is catched by using electroshocker in a random way. Important parameters used and biometered to check the shape features of this fish are as follow: Weight, total length, standard length, fork length, depth of the cadual fin, fork lenght, dorsal fin, sex and age determination. Weight frequency was from 2.73 to 44.4 g and in average it was 7.413 cm, also total size was from 54.27 cm to 142.18 cm and in average it was 48.80 cm. Standard size of fish was from 47.20cm to 116.01cm and in average 64.90 cm, fork length was 52.39 cm to 128.47cm and in average 72.19 cm, fish depth was 11.72 cm to 33.64 cm and in average 16.26cm, depth of the cadual fin was 5.05 cm to 13.62 cm and in average it was 6.7cm, fork lenght was 12.32cm to 32.13 and in average it was 15.54 and dorsal fin was 9.95 cm to 33.12 cm and in average 15.54 cm. Also, after separation and recognizability of the catched fish, 44% equals to 22 male fishe and 56% equals to 28 femal fish.

12 illus, 8 ref

001414   Sadanandan M A;James S P (PG & Research Zoology Dep, Malabar Christain College, Calicut-673 001, Email: manithals@yahoo.co.in) : Description of a new species of predatory mite (Acarina:Cheyletidae) from Kerala. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2012, 32(1), 129-31.

New species of predatory mite of the family Cheyletidae viz. Cheyletus soansi sp. nov. is described with appropriate illustration.

1 illsu, 5 ref

001413   Ratnakala M;Ragava Kumari P;Sree Ramulu K (Zoology Dep, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam-530 003) : Occurance and abundance of parasitic copepods in marine fish Lates calcarifer from Bay of Bengal- Visakhapatnam. Ecol Envir Conserv 2011, 17(3), 589-91.

Survey of parasitic copepods in marine fish Lates calcarifer was carried out for a period of one year i.e, August 2009 to July 2010.A total number of 75 fishes was examined. Out of 75, 40 were male and 35 were female fish. The total number of parasitic copepods collected were 177. The infection was more in male fishes than female.

1 table, 15 ref

001412   Pandey A;Awasthi J K;Paliwal A K (Zoology Dep, N.D. College, Shikohabad, Email: dr_akpaliwal@yahoo.com) : Effect of goat body louse, Damalinia caprae (Gurlt.) on the host body weight. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2012, 32(1), 125-7.

Present study is on effect of lice population on body weight of goat reports that weight of host influences by lice population. The hosts infested by small number of lice, lost minimum weight and highly infested hosts lost high amount of weight. Further, growth of lice population also increase in the months March-May and August-October. Further it was presumed that this ectoparasite eats skin scurfs, wool, hair fibres and effected the growth of the host.

1 illus, 1 table, 6 ref