MUKHERJEE A
042811 MUKHERJEE A (Zoology Dep, Netaji Mahavidyalaya, Arambagh, West Bengal, Email: avimukh77@gmail.com) : Seasonal variations of zooplankton diversity in fresh water reservoir of West Bengal, India. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(20), 1991–7.
Present study was carried out to identify zooplankton density at Baburpukur pond along with physicochemical properties. In India. Planktonic richness reflects the biodiversity stock. The present study assumes greater importance for biodiversity conservation/ pollution indicator and aquaculture of fish and prawns. Statistical analysis in this experiment was performed by Student's t-test. In this test, 0.05 probability, degree of freedom, critical t-value, and calculated t-values were recorded. Here zooplankton number along with physico-chemical parameters was recorded. From these t-values, significant seasonal variations were found in the respective water body. The zooplankton density and physiochemical parameters were recorded during the period of Jun 2018 to February 2020. Diversity of zooplankton has been counted using Sedgwick-Rafter counting chamber. Four different species of zooplankton were studied such as Daphnia, Cyclops, Cypris and Brachionus. Zooplankton community structure generally changes with temperature, pH of water, free CO2 level, dissolved O2. This study also reveals that zooplanktons have their own peak periods of density which is influenced by the above environmental conditions. At present, this water reservoir is suitable for fish culturing. So several management practices are necessary to conserve this zooplankton density for proper healthy situation of water body. This study is also helpful in understanding the zooplankton diversity of Baburpukur Pond with proper maintaining of aquaculture.
5 illus, 2 tables, 32 ref
DHARANIPRIYA N, KANNAN R
041008 DHARANIPRIYA N, KANNAN R (Entomology Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar - 608 002, Tamilnadu, Email: kaninsect@yahoo.co.in) : Investigations on the larvicidal effect of red algal seaweeds of rameswaram coast against tobacco caterpillar Spodoptera litura (fab.). Indian J Agric Res 2020, 54(2), 181-6.
Investigations on the insecticidal activity of Red algal seaweeds viz., Gracilaria corticata J. Agardh, Liagora ceranoides J. V. Lamouroux, and Asparagopsis taxiformis (Delile) collected from Rameswaram coastal ecosystem against Leaf eating caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was conducted in the Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, India during 2016-2018. Powdered seaweeds at 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 20 per cent concentrations were investigated for their toxicity and insect growth regulator activity aganist S.litura under CRD in free choice test with three replications along with control. Observations showed that, larval mortality noticed after 36 hours after treatment in G. corticata treatments and even 100 per cent mortality was achieved at 72 hours of treatment, whereas the other two seaweeds exhibited larval mortality only after 72 hours of treatment and extended further to pupation and adult emergence. Among the concentrations the higher doses (20 and 10 %) exhibited the maximum larval mortality (100 %) while the maximum doses of other two seaweeds powder treatments did not, exhibited cent per cent larval mortality at any point of time and even pupated and gone for adult emergence also. The results displayed that, all the seaweed had exhibited larval mortality and their inhibiting substance inside needs to be investigated.
3 illus, 1 table, 18 ref
JAISWAL K , MISHRA S , BEE A
042807 JAISWAL K , MISHRA S , BEE A (Zoology Dep, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Univ, Lucknow - 226 025, Email: anjumkhalid49@gmail.com) : Scanning electron microscopy of A scaridia galli in Gallus gallus domesticus in Lucknow, U.P, India. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(19), 1944–54.
Ascaridia galli (Schrank) is a well-known nematode parasite of poultry birds. Heavy infection causes an economic loss to the poultry farmers. Information related to its detailed morphological and anatomical structure is inadequate. A study of ultrastructure has revealed the possibility of differentiating the nematodes. Ascaridia galli were collected from the domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus) from Lucknow, UP. Scanning electron microscopy was used for the detailed identification of Ascaridia galli. Scanning electron microscopy exposed that mouth was surrounded with three trilobed lips. Internal rim of each lip was surrounded with fine teeth, and sensory papillae on the outside. Annulations of cuticle occur on the body surface, which is further divided into subannuli. Posterior end of male was pointed and curved having a precloacal sucker and anus. Females had a blunt and straight tail with an anus at ventral side. Caudal papillae and the lateral caudal alae are the tiny outgrowths which surrounds the each side of posterior opening. A sclerotized ring bounded to precloacal sucker was present. These signs of Ascaridia galli attained in the present study could be helpful in the taxonomical studies of nematode worms. Development of control strategies is very essential by understanding the host–parasite relationships. For this purpose, identification of nematode parasite will be very useful. The present study was designed to understand the morphology of A. galli. Therefore, these markers could be helpful in the taxonomical status of ascaridia nematode worms in domestic fowl.
10 illus, 51 ref
IDOWU E O, ALEBIOSU C
042801 IDOWU E O, ALEBIOSU C (Zoology and Environmental Biology Dep, Ekiti State Univ, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria, Email: eunice.idowu@eksu.edu) : Ichthyofauna composition of alape river, igbokoda, south west Ichthyofauna composition of alape river, igbokoda, south west Nigeria. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(19), 1882–9.
To study ichthyofauna composition of Alape River, Igbokoda, Ilaje Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria. Sampling was done for a period of three months, from the month of November 2019 to January 2020. Data for this study were based on the record of fish caught by local fishermen. A total of twenty thousand, four hundred and nine (20,409) individual fishes of six species (Heterotis niloticus, Clarias gariepinus, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, Gymnarchus niloticus, Oreochromis aureaus and Hepsetus odoe), belonging to six families (Arapaimidae, Clariidae, Claroteidae, Gymnarchidae, Cichlidae and Hepsetidae) were recorded for the whole period of study. The over-all comparison among the months of study shows that January recorded the highest catch (6,919) with an over-all relative percentage abundance of 33.9 %, followed by December (6,871) with 33.67 %. The least catch (6,619) was observed in the month of November with a relative percentage abundance of 32.43 %. The study showed that Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis aureus were dominant fish species, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus was sub-dominant, Heterotis niloticus and Hepsetus odoe were occasional while Gymnarchus niloticus was rare in River Alape. The results of this study showed that the river has low fish species composition and abundance in spite of the size of the river. Considering this fact, there is need for further survey to cover more months. There is also a need to evolve strategies for effective utilization and proper management of the river for optimum fish production, sustainability and conservation.
2 illus, 4 tables, 19 ref
MUKHERJEE A, MONDAL P , BABU S P S
042758 MUKHERJEE A, MONDAL P , BABU S P S (Zoology Dep, Netaji Mahavidyalaya, Arambagh - 712 601, West Bengal, Email: avimukh77@gmail.com) : Nematode extract-induced resistance in tomato against Meloidogyne incognita. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(14), 1476–9.
Present study was carried out to establish the biocontrol potentiality of nematode extract on Lycopesicon esculentum (Tomato) Pusa Ruby variety infected with Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood nematode. We examine in vitro test, phytotoxicity test, in vivo test, in vivo glasshouse bioassay test, PAL (Phenylalanine ammonia lyase) extraction test to identify the effect of nematode extract on tomato plant. One way analysis of variance, ANOVA test is performed in this experiment. The result of in vitro laboratory bioassay showed that application of nematode extract safe for second-stage juveniles (J2) of M. incognita. The result of in vivo test revealed that nematode extract increased growth of inoculated plants in terms of shoot length, shoot weight and root length as compared with inoculated untreated plants. Application of nematode extract showed reduction in root gall number and number of nematode eggs in inoculated roots. PAL (Phenylalanine ammonia lyase) activity increased in roots of nematode extract treated plants. Root protein content was greater in inoculated untreated plants compared to treated groups. This is the first study to control plant parasitic nematode M. incognita with nematode extract. In the future it will minimize the global crop loss.
1 tables, 14 ref
JASMINE P, ROBIN P S V
042739 JASMINE P, ROBIN P S V (Zoology and Research Centre Dep, Scott Christian College (Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar Univ), Nagercoil - 620 003, Tamil Nadu, Email: jasminejas061@gmail.com) : Water quality index of Aedes aegypti (L) breeding sites in southern coastal areas of India. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(12), 1310–5.
Breeding habitat can influence the biological features of the mosquitoes and can be utilized to improve the implementation of the vector control. The major objective of this study was to evaluate the Water Quality Index of various breeding sites. Community Development Blocks (n=9) of the Kanyakumari district were selected as the main research site to study the water quality characteristics of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes' breeding sites. The physicochemical parameters in the mosquito breeding containers were analyzed. Sixteen types of breeding sites were analyzed, among them nine breeding sites had good quality of water and remaining seven breeding sites contained slightly polluted water. The awareness of water quality parameters of mosquito breeding sites can be used in the adoption of preventive methods.
2 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref
KUMAR R , MAHAR M A , JUMANI S , BHANBRO R , QAZI F, IBUPOTO M, SOOMRO F , MEMON K H
042730 KUMAR R , MAHAR M A , JUMANI S , BHANBRO R , QAZI F, IBUPOTO M, SOOMRO F , MEMON K H (Zoology Dep, Shah Abdul Latif Univ, Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan, Email: khadim.memon@salu.edu.pk) : Biodiversity of amphibians in Pakistan, causes of their decline and their conservation. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(11), 1243–7.
The present study was conducted to review the biodiversity of Amphibians, their decline in population and conservation. This study was done by reviewing the previous papers on biodiversity of Amphibians and available literature on various search engines. Species of amphibians estimated worldwide reveals 7481 species consisting of three orders, Salientia (Anura), Urodela (Caudata) and Apoda (Gymnophiona). The Salientia contains 6577, Urodela (Caudata) entail 698 species of both land and aquatic inhabitants and Apoda (Gymnophiona) virtually blind and nonmotile animals include 206 species. However, the population of Amphibians is reduced in Pakistan because of dry conditions and is a prominent indicator of climatic change. In Pakistan, the dominating population of Amphibians is Salientia (Anura), consisting of 21 species, 12 genera, and 4 families. Due to anthropogenic activities like the use of pesticides and fertilizers, deforestation, pollution, fragmentation and urbanization affects the amphibians. For conservation and protection, serious initiatives may be mediated to manage the situation. The present study will be helpful to conserve the diversity of Amphibians in the region and present findings may be useful in future studies.
1 illus, 1 table, 25 ref
ZHOU Z, DONG X, SU Q, XIA Z, WANG Z, YUAN J, LI C
044716 ZHOU Z, DONG X, SU Q, XIA Z, WANG Z, YUAN J, LI C (Yangtze Univ, Jingzhou- 434 025, China, Email: 13986706558@163.com) : Effects of pre-diapause temperature and body weight on the diapause intensity of the overwintering generation of Bactrocera minax (Diptera: Tephritidae). J Insect Sci 2020, 20(1), 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa005.
The Chinese citrus fruit fly, Bactrocera minax (Enderlein), is an economically important pest of citrus. The fly has an obligatory pupal diapause in soil from November to March. However, techniques for predicting or determining the emergence of the adult have, thus far, not been well documented. In this study, we investigated the effects of different pre-diapause temperatures (8, 12, 16, and 20 °C) and pupal body weight (five groups according to pupal weight: G-58, 55.0–61.0 mg; G-68, 65–71 mg; G-78, 75–81 mg; G-88, 85–91 mg; G-95, 92–98 mg) on pupal period (the indicator of diapause intensity). The pupal period of B. minax larvae pupated at 8°C was 193.41 d, which was significantly shorter than that of larvae incubated at higher temperatures, suggesting that there was a lower diapause intensity for larvae pupated at lower pre-diapause temperatures. There were also significant differences in the pupal periods at different pupal body weights. The pupal period of G-58 was significantly shorter than that of the heavier groups (G-88 and G-95), and the pupal period increased with increasing pupal body weight in the five groups. Moreover, the pupal period of B. minax significantly and positively correlated to pupal body weight. These findings demonstrate that the pre-diapause temperature and pupal body weight are suitable indicators for predicting the pupal period of overwintering individuals, and the results of this study will contribute to the development of new and effective strategies for predicting the occurrence and population dynamics of B. minax adult.
4 illus, 1 table, 47 ref
ZHU J, LIU X, ZHU K, ZHOU H, LI L, LI Z, QIN W, HE Y
044715 ZHU J, LIU X, ZHU K, ZHOU H, LI L, LI Z, QIN W, HE Y (Huazhong Agricultural Univ, Wuhan- 430 070, China, Email: heyp@mail.hzau.edu.cn) : Knockdown of trpv genes affects the locomotion and feeding behavior of Nilaparvata lugens (hemiptera: delphacidae). J Insect Sci 2020, 20(1), 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa002.
The vanilloid-type transient receptor potential (TRPV) channel is reported to be the molecular target of the commercial insecticide pymetrozine, which specifically disrupts the feeding of plant sap-sucking insects. However, the functions of TRPV channels in plant sap-sucking insects have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, RNA interference was used to investigate the effects of the knockdown of TRPV genes (Nan and Iav) on the mortality, locomotion, and feeding behavior of an important plant-feeding insect pest in rice, the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. Injecting dsRNA of Nan and Iav into fourth-instar nymphs significantly knocked down the target genes. The injection of dsNan or dsIav did not affect any morphological phenotype (including leg extension) of N. lugens nymphs and adults. Knockdown of Nan or Iav resulted in significantly decreased climbing activity against top plants but did not influence the leg-griping strength of adults. Knockdown of Nan resulted in a significantly elevated mortality of N. lugens in the observation period of 7 d after injection, whereas no significant difference in survival rates 7 d after injection was found between dsIav-injected and dsGFP-injected insects. Electropenetrographic (EPG) recordings indicated that knockdown of Nan and Iav reduced the ingestion activity in the rice phloem tissues of N. lugens. Knockdown of Nan and Iav significantly reduced the amount of honeydew excreted by N. lugens. Our findings indicated a relationship between TRPV and N. lugens locomotion and feeding behavior, which may help to fully elucidate the functions of TRPV in insects.
5 illus, 2 tables, 24 ref
YUAN Y, LI L, ZHAO J, CHEN M
044714 YUAN Y, LI L, ZHAO J, CHEN M (Beijing Forestry Univ, Beijing- 100 083, China, Email: minch@ bjfu.edu.cn) : Effect of tannic acid on nutrition and activities of detoxification enzymes and acetylcholinesterase of the fall webworm (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). J Insect Sci 2020, 20(1), 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa001.
Plant tannins, polyphenolic plant secondary metabolites are involved in important chemical defense processes in plants. In this study, tannic acid was used as the standard of plant tannins to determine the effects on nutritional indices and activities of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP450), carboxylesterase (CarE), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in fourth-instar larvae of Hyphantria cunea (Drury) by feeding on an artificial diet containing tannic acid under different treatments. We found that tannic acid significantly affected the digestive capacity and food utilization rate of H. cunea larvae. A tannic acid concentration of less than 2.0 % promoted feeding and the utilization of undesirable food by H. cunea larvae, while inhibitory effects were observed at high concentrations (>2.5 %). Tannic acid had a significant effect on the activity of detoxification enzymes and AChE in H. cunea larvae in concentration-dependent and time-dependent manners (P < 0.05). These results provide new insights into the potential mechanisms underlying detoxification in H. cunea larvae against tannic acid in host plants.
2 illus, 1 table, 57 ref
HOU Q-L, CHEN E-H, DOU W, WANG J-J
044713 HOU Q-L, CHEN E-H, DOU W, WANG J-J (Southwest Univ, Chongqing- 400 715, China, Email: wangjinjun@swu.edu.cn) : Assessment of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) diets on adult fecundity and larval development: Insights into employing the sterile insect technique. J Insect Sci 2020, 20(1), 10.1093/jisesa/iez128.
Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is a notorious insect pest that attacks diverse vegetables and fruits worldwide. The sterile insect technique has been developed as an environmentally friendly and effective control method that depends on the mass production of target flies. Because dietary yeast (protein) and sucrose (carbohydrate) are important in adult diets, yeast:sucrose (Y:S) mixtures are crucial for the mass-rearing of B. dorsalis. In this study, we found adult diets with different ratios of yeast to sucrose-influenced fecundity, and an extremely high or low Y:S ratios significantly decreased egg production of B. dorsalis. Additionally, the maximum oviposition efficiency was realized at dietary yeast to sucrose ratios of 1:1 and 1:3, suggesting their potential use to produce more eggs for the mass production of B. dorsalis. Here, new gel diets having different yeast concentrations (g/L water) were also assessed for rearing B. dorsalis larvae. Gel diets containing 20 g/L yeast led to a higher pupation, pupal weight and adult eclosion rate, and a shorter developmental time than other yeast concentrations. Moreover, the present gel diet also resulted in greater pupal production and adult emergence rates than previously used liquid and solid artificial diets, revealing that it is suitable for rearing B. dorsalis larvae. This research provides a useful reference on artificial diets mixtures for mass rearing B. dorsalis, which is critical for employing the sterile insect technique.
4 illus, 2 tables, 62 ref
WANG Z, MENG Q, ZHU X, SUN S, LIU A, GAO S, GOU Y
044712 WANG Z, MENG Q, ZHU X, SUN S, LIU A, GAO S, GOU Y (Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Wanning- 571 533, China, Email: mengzouzou@163.com) : Identification and evaluation of reference genes for normalization of gene expression in developmental stages, sexes, and tissues of Diaphania caesalis (lepidoptera, pyralidae). J Insect Sci 2020, 20(1), 10.1093/jisesa/iez130.
Diaphania caesalis (Walker) is an important boring insect mainly distributed in subtropical and tropical areas and attacked tropical woody grain crops, such as starchy plants of Artocarpus. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is a powerful approach for investigating target genes expression profiles at the transcriptional level. However, the identification and selection of internal reference genes, which is often overlooked, is the most vital step before the analysis of target gene expression by qRT-PCR. So far, the reliable internal reference genes under a certain condition of D. caesalis have not been investigated. Therefore, this study evaluated the expression stability of eight candidate reference genes including ACT, β-TUB, GAPDH, G6PDH, RPS3a, RPL13a, EF1α, and EIF4A in different developmental stages, tissues and sexes using geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper algorithms. To verify the stability of the recommended internal reference genes, the expression levels of DcaeOBP5 were analyzed under different treatment conditions. The results indicated that ACT, RPL13a, β-TUB, RPS3a, and EF1α were identified as the most stable reference genes for further studies on target gene expression involving different developmental stages of D. caesalis. And ACT and EIF4A were recommended as stable reference genes for different tissues. Furthermore, ACT, EF1α, and RPS3a were ranked as the best reference genes in different sexes based on three algorithms. Our research represents the critical first step to normalize qRT-PCR data and ensure the accuracy of expression of target genes involved in phylogenetic and physiological mechanism at the transcriptional level in D. caesalia.
6 illus, 2 tables, 48 ref
DAHLSJÖ C A L, ROMERO C S V, IÑIGUEZ C-I E
044710 DAHLSJÖ C A L, ROMERO C S V, IÑIGUEZ C-I E (Oxford Univ, South Parks Road, United Kingdom, Email: c.dahlsjo@gmail.com) : Termite diversity in ecuador: A comparison of two primary Forest National Parks. J Insect Sci 2020, 20(1), 10.1093/jisesa/iez129.
Termites are one of the key ecosystem engineers in tropical forests where they play a major role in decomposition rates, both above and belowground. The interest in termite ecology and biogeography has increased in the last few decades; however, the lack of comparable data has limited the wider impact of termite research. For Ecuador, termite studies are relatively rare and comparable data that are collected using standardized sampling methods are missing. In this study, we aim to 1) provide comparable data of termite species and feeding-group diversity from two primary forests in Ecuador and 2) explore the differences in termite species and feeding-group diversity between the two forest sites. Sampling took place in the national parks of Yasuní and Podocarpus where three belt transects (100 × 2 m) following Jones and Eggleton (2000) were conducted in each forest. We found that termite species richness was higher in Yasuní (56 species) than in Podocarpus (24 species) and that 57 % of the sampled termite genera had never previously been recorded in Ecuador. The inter-site species dissimilarity was almost complete (Bray Curtis (±SD), 0.91 ± 0.01), which may have been linked to the difference in tree density and species richness in the two forests. Termite feeding-groups diversity was significantly higher in Yasuní than in Podocarpus with the exception of soil-feeding termites which may have been due to competition between humus- and soilfeeding species.
2 illus, 1 table, 57 ref
GUO J-L, LI X-K, SHEN X-J, WANG M-L, WU K-M
044709 GUO J-L, LI X-K, SHEN X-J, WANG M-L, WU K-M (Shenyang Agricultural Univ, Shenyang- 110 866, China, Email: wukongming@caas.cn) : Flight performance of Mamestra brassicae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under different biotic and abiotic conditions. J Insect Sci 2020, 20(1), 1-9.
Mamestra brassicae L. is an important, regionally migratory pest of vegetable crops in Europe and Asia. Its migratory activity contributes significantly to population outbreaks, causing severe crop yield losses. Because an in-depth understanding of flight performance is key to revealing migratory patterns, here we used a computer-linked flight mill and stroboscope to study the flight ability and wingbeat frequency (WBF) of M. brassicae in relation to sex, age, temperature, and relative humidity (RH). The results showed that age significantly affected the flight ability and WBF of M. brassicae, and 3-d-old individuals performed the strongest performance (total flight distance: 45.6 ± 2.5 km; total flight duration: 9.3 ± 0.3 h; WBF: 44.0 ± 0.5 Hz at 24°C and 75 % RH). The age for optimal flight was considered to be 2–3 d old. Temperature and RH also significantly affected flight ability and WBF; flight was optimal from 23 °C to 25 °C and 64–75 % RH. Because M. brassicae thus has great potential to undertake long-distance migration, better knowledge of its flight behavior and migration will help establish a pest forecasting and early-warning system.
4 illus, 3 tables, 63 ref
DEEPA P K, SUBRAMANIAN A, MANJUSHA W A
042700 DEEPA P K, SUBRAMANIAN A, MANJUSHA W A (Zoology Dep, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar Univ, Tirunelveli - 627 012, Email: deepabiochems@ gmail.com ) : Determination of In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of marine microalgae: Nannochloropsis sp.. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(7), 871 – 82.
To determine the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of solvent extract of the marine microalgae, Nannochloropsis sp. The preliminary assays for antiinflammatory activity such as protein denaturation inhibition and membrane stabilization were evaluated in the various solvent extracts (petroleum ether, aqueous, isopropanol, methanol, ethyl acetate) of the microalgae, Nannochloropsis sp. and in vitro antiinflammatory effect was determined in ethyl acetate extract against murine macrophage (RAW 264.7) cells. The compounds present in the extract were analyzed through GCMS. The ethyl acetate extract exhibited good protection against protein denaturation at an inhibition rate of 72.66 ± 0.46 % and provides significant membrane stabilization by inhibiting hemolysis by 92.02 ± 0.10 %. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity was found to be dose dependent by inhibiting the inflammatory mediators such as COX (62.08 ± 0.035 %), LOX (65.84 ± 0.19 %) and also reduced production of the MPO (0.000797 ± 0.00003 IU/ml) and iNOS (90.44 ± 0.19 %) thereby cellular nitrite level to 342.54 ± 0.49 µg/ml. The GCMS analysis for bioactive compounds showed a total of 16 compounds in which phenols and lipids are the major components. The result suggests that the microalgae contain potential antiinflammatory compounds which can be explored in therapeutics against inflammation induced diseases.
8 illus, 1 table, 25 ref
MINH N P
044656 MINH N P (Thu Dau Mot Univ, Vietnam, Email: nguyenphuocminh@tdmu.edu.vn) : Incorporation of turmeric oil into chitosan edible coating in preservation of rambutan fruit, Nephelium lappaceum. J Ent Res 2020, 44(1), 179-82.
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of chitosan-based edible coating with turmeric essential oil as bioactive ingredient on physico-chemical, microbial and sensory attributes of rambutan fruit during storage. The chitosan solution was prepared in different concentration (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 %) with a combination of turmeric oil at differerent level (0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25 and 1.5 µL). Our results showed that a combination 2.0 % chitosan with 1.25 µL of turmeric oil as edible coating could maintain fruit quality effectively during 15 days of preservation. Turmeric essential oil was added in the chitosan coating creating synergistic effect to improve the stability of rambutan fruit. Coatings of fruit with chitosan and turmeric oil may improve its commercial value.
2 tables, 41 ref
BORKATAKI S, NANDA S P, REDDY M D, TAYE R R
044655 BORKATAKI S, NANDA S P, REDDY M D, TAYE R R ( Entomology Dep, Assam Agricultural Univ, Jorhat- 785 013, Assam, Email: shimantini.bk@gmail.com) : Morphophysiological basis of plant defense mechanisms against insect pests. J Ent Res 2020, 44(1), 171-8.
Plants have been interacting with insects for several hundred million years, leading to the development of an intricate and dynamic defense system against insect herbivores. This defense system is further categorized as direct and indirect defense responses based on their expression. Specific or direct defensive responses are mediated by various morphological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms to counteract the effects of herbivore attack while indirect defense is mediated by releasing volatile mixtures to attract natural enemies of plant eating insect herbivores. The structural defense includes both morphological and anatomical traits viz., thorns, spines etc., whereas biochemical mechanisms of defense against the herbivores are wide-ranging, highly dynamic and includes production of different secondary metabolites – terpenes, phenolics and N-containing compounds. The molecular defense mechanisms include intracellular wound signalling viz., systemin signalling and jasmonate regulation of defense responsive genes. The defensive compounds are developed either constitutively or in response to plant damage, affecting insect herbivores’ feeding, development, and survival. In addition, plants also release volatile organic compounds which attract the herbivores’ natural enemies. These strategies either act independently or in conjunction with each other.
49 ref
KASSIRI H, DEHGHANI R, KAVIANI M, DEHGHANI M, KASIRI M
044653 KASSIRI H, DEHGHANI R, KAVIANI M, DEHGHANI M, KASIRI M (Medical Entomology Dep, Ahvaz Jundishapur Univ, Ahvaz, Iran, Email: dehghani37@yahoo.com) : First report of Hottentotta schach (Arachnida: Scorpionida: Buthidae) as a new record from Isfahan Province, Central Iran. J Ent Res 2020, 44(1), 153-6.
In this study, the stony areas surrounding Baghbahadoran City (32 ° 22′ 38″ N, 51° 11′ 18″ E) were searched for scorpions during 2018-2019. They were collected using the rock-rolling technique and identified using the identification key to scorpions. The collected specimens included Hottentotta schach. It seems that this is a lithophilic scorpion species. This is the first time this species is reported as a new record from Isfahan Province, central Iran. More species can be probably identified in this province by conducting further studies.
5 illus, 32 ref
ABDELKADER H, ABDELKADER B, YAHIA B
044652 ABDELKADER H, ABDELKADER B, YAHIA B (Mascara Univ, Algeria, Email: abdelkader.harizia@univ-mascara.dz) : Toxicity and repellency of Eucalyptus globulus L. essential oil against Aphis fabae Scopoli, 1763 (Homoptera : Aphididae). J Ent Res 2020, 44(1), 147-52.
The present study aimed to examine the effect of Eucalyptus globulus Labill.,1800 essential oil (EGO) against apterous adults of the black bean aphids Aphis fabae in five concentrations (1.25, 2.50, 5, 10 and 15 %). The repellent and the insecticide activities were determined using the area preference and the filter paper methods under controlled laboratory conditions. The LC50 and LT50 values were determined by probit analysis. All concentrations were repellent against A. fabae after 2 hours exposure time. 87.5 % repellency was seen at highest concentrations of 15 %. The kill of all aphids was recorded at the concentration of 15 % after 48 hours and at all the concentrations after 72 hours exposure time. The calculated LC50 at 24 hours and LT50 were 1.126 µL cm-2 and 0.279 days respectively.
4 tables, 39 ref
BORAH S, BORUAH A, SONOWAL P, BORA D
044651 BORAH S, BORUAH A, SONOWAL P, BORA D (Life Science Dep, Dibrugarh Univ, Dibrugarh- 786 004, Assam, Email: sborah151@gmail.com) : A study on prevalence of the practice of entomophagy in Upper Brahmaputra Valley of Assam, North-East India. J Ent Res 2020, 44(1), 135-40.
The survey was conducted in four districts of Brahmaputra valley of Assam regarding the prevalence of entomophagy. The survey was conducted in the four districts of Assam; Tinsukia, Dibrugarh, Sivasagar and Jorhat using questionnaire method. The study was conducted investigating the local names of the insects, stage of consumption, mode of consumption, their utility as food and medicine and their availability. Insects were also collected, preserved, identified and stored for further study on their nutritional content. During the present study, 17 species of insects were recorded to be consumed as food, out of which 4 species of edible insects are used for therapeutic purposes viz., red ant larva brood, wasps, desert locust and honey bee. The 17 species belonged to six orders, 12 families and 17 genera. They are pupae of Eri Silk Worm (Philosomia ricini), Muga Silk Worm (Antherea assama) and Mulberry silk worm (Bombyx mori), House cricket (Acheta domestica), Broods of Honey bee (Apis indica), Wasps (Vespa orientalis), June beetle (Phyllophaga rugosa), Grasshopper, Red palm weevil (Rhyncophorous ferrugineus), broods of Red ant larva, Giant Water Bug (Lithocercus indicus) and Termites (Odontotermus indicus). Edible insects are very nutritious and can serve as potential food, and revalidating this practice may aid in food security. Entomophagy can also provide a source of income for those who breed and rear insects, thus benefiting the economy without degrading the environment.
1 illus, 3 tables, 9 ref
PATHRE R F, JADHAV S D
044650 PATHRE R F, JADHAV S D (Zoology Dep, Arts Science and Commerce Coll, Jalna- 431 204, Maharashtra, Email: rfpathre@gmail.com) : Some fruit piercing moths (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) from Jalna district of Maharashtra, India. J Ent Res 2020, 44(1), 131-3.
Light traps were carried out at Dhangar pimpri, Shewga, Ghansawangi road point Ambad, Mahadev temple side Ambad, Tadhadgaon and Murti to record presence of fruit piercing moths. Five moth species were found piercing and damaging the fruit orchards of Citrus, Pomegranate and Papaya. Mostly collected species from these sites included Eudocima, Hypocala, Macroglossum, Achaea and Calyptra species. Among these Eudocima was abundantly responsible to fruit droppings in the orchards of citrus than other species.
1 illus, 1 table, 14 ref
BORA A, MEITEI L R, BHOWMIK S
044649 BORA A, MEITEI L R, BHOWMIK S (Zoology Dep, Moran Coll, Moranhat- 785 670, Assam, Email: atanubora47@yahoo.com) : Odonate diversity of Nongkhyllem wildlife sanctuary, Ri-bhoi District, Meghalaya, India. J Ent Res 2020, 44(1), 125-30.
During studies on Odonate diversity of Nongkhyllem Wildlife Sanctuary from 2016 to 2017 a total of 58 species belonging to two sub-orders, 10 families, and 37 genera were recorded. This included 35 species of Anisoptera and 23 species of Zygoptera. Three species (Disparoneura apicalis, Agriocnemis kalinga and Calicnemia erythromelas) are new additions to the odonate fauna of Meghalaya. The genus Orthetrum was found to be the most dominant genera contributing five species. Being legally protected under state legislation, the sanctuary faces low levels of human interference and anthropogenic activities.
3 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref
SHEIKH A H, LONE M A, WANI M A
044648 SHEIKH A H, LONE M A, WANI M A ( Zoology Dep, Governement Degree Coll, Pulwama- 192 30, Jammu and Kashmir, Email: khushialtaf1986@gmail.com) : New distributional records of dragonflies (Libellulidae: Anisoptera: Odonata) from Rajori district of Jammu and Kashmir. J Ent Res 2020, 44(1), 121-4.
The present paper reports five species of dragonflies belonging to family Libellulidae of the order odonata from the Rajori district of Jammu and Kashmir. All five species are reported for the first time from this area. The species are Orthetrum pruinosum, O. Sabina, Crocothemis servilia, Neurothemis tullia and Tramea basilaris.
5 illus, 14 ref
GOYAL M H, SHINDE L V
044646 GOYAL M H, SHINDE L V (Zoology Dep, JES Coll, Jalna- 431 203, Maharashtra, Email: kantshinde@gmail.com ) : Mosquito larvicidal efficacy of methanolic extract from seeds of Datura inoxia Mill against Aedes aegypti (Linn.) with insight into GC-MS analysis. J Ent Res 2020, 44(1), 107-12.
The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 38 components, the major chemical constituents in the extract were atropine (20.55 %), cis-13, 16-docasadienoic acid (19.73) n-hexane (15.67 %), 1-chloro-1-fluoro ethane (6.84 %), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (5.10 %), lup-20(29)-en-3-ol,acetate (5.01 %), scopolamine (2.87 %). Bioassay experiments using methanolic extract from seeds of Datura inoxia Mill showed significant larvicidal activity against third instar larvae of Aedes aegypti with LC50 and LC90 values of 72.44 and 275.42 ppm, respectively.
1 illus, 2 tables, 28 ref
PAHARI P R, MAITI S, MANDAL S S, BHATTACHARYA R P, BHATTACHARYA T
044645 PAHARI P R, MAITI S, MANDAL S S, BHATTACHARYA R P, BHATTACHARYA T (Zoology Dep, Tamralipta Mahavidyalaya, Purba Medinipur- 721 636, West Bengal, Email: priti.pahari@rediffmail.com) : Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 larvae feeding ability of Puntius sophore (Hamilton, 1822) in laboratory condition. J Ent Res 2020, 44(1), 103-6.
When Puntius sophore was offered larvae and pupae of Culex quinquefasciatus separately then it consumed more or less similar number of larvae and pupae but when it was offered both of these food item in equal proportion, then it consumed significantly more pupae than larvae. The fish had a definitive preference for Chironomus ramosus larvae irrespective of whether those were offered separately or together with C. quinquefasciatus larvae. However, when the habitat structure was modified by the addition of sand and gravels on the bed of the aquarium then the dietary preference altered in favour of C. quinquefasciatus larvae indicating that the food preference of P. sophore depends not only on alternative prey but also on habitat structure.
2 illus, 3 tables, 19 ref
SENTHILKUMAR M, PAZHANISAMY M, SATHYASEELAN V
044644 SENTHILKUMAR M, PAZHANISAMY M, SATHYASEELAN V (Entomology Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar- 608 002, Tamil Nadu, Email: senthilvasum2014@yahoo.in) : Antifeedent activity of ecofriendly phyto-insecticides against Spodoptera litura. J Ent Res 2020, 44(1), 99-102.
Among the hexane and ethyl acetate neem extracts, highest antifeedancy of 89.33 % was recorded in ethyl acetate at 10 % concentration. The results of the laboratory evaluation of the Nerium oleander crude solvent extracts with regard to the poison food technique showed that with increasing concentration the feeding deterrence action increased against third instar larvae of Spodoptera litura and at the maximum concentration tested was recorded as 81.22 and 78.35 per cent at ethyl acetate and diethyl ether nerium crude extract, respectively. Both neem and Nerium showed higher antifeedant activity against S. litura with 10 % concentration of ethyl acetate.
2 tables, 24 ref
MEENA B S, RAJU S V S, BABU S R, SHARMA K R
044640 MEENA B S, RAJU S V S, BABU S R, SHARMA K R (Entomology and Agricultural Zoology Dep, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi- 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, Email: ravikamal8075@gmail.com) : Effect of environmental factors on the population dynamics of major sucking pests of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.). J Ent Res 2020, 44(1), 77-82.
Incidence of jassids was started during 34th SW, while initial aphids and whitefly infestation was observed during 35th SW. However, peak population of aphids had been observed during 41st SW, whereas, whiteflies and jassids population has reached its peak level on 40th SW. The correlation analysis showed that the aphid population has significantly positive correlation with morning RH, evening RH, average RH and maximum temperature and positive non-significant correlation with average temperature. Further, negative non-significant correlation showed with minimum temperature, while rainfall showed significant negative correlation with aphid population. Correlation analysis of certain abiotic factors with Jassid and whitefly revealed that the population also showed positive correlation with temperature and relative humidity. However, the pests population showed negative correlation with rainfall.
1 illus, 2 tables, 28 ref
PRVEEN, KAPOOR S, VERMA A
044636 PRVEEN, KAPOOR S, VERMA A (Zoology Dep, Agra Coll, Agra- 282 002, Uttar Pradesh, Email: biochemistpraveenverma@gmail.com) : Ecofriendly approach for the management of red pumpkin beetle, Raphidopalpa foveicollis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on ridge gourd. J Ent Res 2020, 55-8, 44(1).
Studies were carried out to work out environment friendly management of red pumpkin beetle, Raphidopalpa foveicollis by using leaf extract of Callistemon citrinus (leaf extract), popularly known as laila majnu or lemon bottlebrush. The leaf extract was found effective against the pest. However, it was not as effective as synthetic insecticide which was used for comparative study. The leaf extract of Callistemon citrinus was tried as biopesticide to overcome the problem of development of resistance in insect pests against synthetic insecticides.
4 tables, 16 ref
SANDEEP A, PURNIMA C, ALEXANDER J, ANILKUMAR T V
040825 SANDEEP A, PURNIMA C, ALEXANDER J, ANILKUMAR T V (Zoo Veterinary Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 033, Email: zoovettvm@gmail.com) : Pathomorphological study of urolithiasis in captive indian star tortoise (Geochelone elegans). Indian J Vet Pathol 2020, 44(1), 11-4.
Pathomorphological study in six carcasses of captive indian star tortoises (Geochelone elegans) was conducted, out of 15 tortoises died in a Zoological Garden during a period of 12 months. The major gross lesions were calculi in urinary bladder, gastroenteritis and cloacal impaction. Histopathological examination revealed moderate to severe degeneration and regenerative hyperplasia with protein cast in tubules of kidneys. Occasional goblet cell metaplasia of renal tubules, fi brosis and concretions in interlobular septum were also observed. Severe chronic gastroenteritis, chronic pancreatitis, myocarditis and pulmonary edema were the frequent extra-renal lesions. The gross as well as histopathological lesions were suggestive of urolithiasis. On evaluation of the feeding practices, a dietary cause was suspected and a change in feeding regimen from a cactus-based fi ber-rich diet to long yard beans-based protein diet was observed. The reversal of the feeding schedule contained the mortality.
4 illus, 1 table, 6 ref
KUMAR A, KAUL V, SHANKAR U
044631 KUMAR A, KAUL V, SHANKAR U (Shoolini Univ, Solan– 173 212, Himachal Pradesh, Email: acentomology@gmail.com) : Comparative evaluation of some integrated pest management modules against Leucinodes orbonalis Guen. J Ent Res 2020, 44(1), 23-8.
Among the three modules, Module I (Recommended practices of SKUAST-J), Module II (Farmer’s practices) and module III (Bio-intensive Integrated Pest Management), were evaluated against shoot and fruit borer of brinjal. The overall, the impact of Module III (Bio-intensive Integrated Pest Management) was found superior treatment than Module I and II in suppressing the larval population of brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB) on the shoots and fruits, based on weight and numbers basis, percentage of larval parasitoid Trathala flavo-orbitalis parasitisation as well as cost-benefit ratio.
6 tables, 17 ref
ACHUMI B, YENISETTI S C
044630 ACHUMI B, YENISETTI S C (Zoology Dep, Nagaland Univ, Lumami- 798 62, Nagaland, Email: bovitoachumi@ymail.com) : Drosophila hegdii (Diptera: Drosophilidae), a new species from Lumami, Nagaland (a sub-Himalayan hilly state, India) : Its molecular phylogeny. J Ent Res 2020, 44(1), 15-22.
Survey for Drosophila was carried out in Lumami (which is a hamlet in Zunheboto district of Nagaland and is head quarters of the Nagaland University) and Drosophila hegdii was one among the 16 species collected. Based on the morphological markers, internal characters a new species, Drosophila hegdii, was identified. Drosophila hegdii resembles Drosophila vulcana and Drosophila jambulina in certain morphological markers, but differed with them in multiple morphological markers. It also differs from other known species of montium sub group in characters such as the number of teeth in sex comb, and abdominal banding pattern. In order to confirm new species status with the aid of molecular markers and decipher molecular phylogeny we took advantage of “DNA Barcoding” by analysing sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) (its 648 base pair fragment is the standard marker for “species identification” in the Barcode of Life Project). Neighbour joining trees were constructed using MEGA5 (Neighbor-Joining Tree (NJ) method with bootstrap test-1000 replicates) using the Kimura 2-parameter model, with gaps treated by pairwise deletion. Molecular phylogeny confirms the observations made with the help of morphological markers that Drosophila hegdii is a new species and closer to Drosophila vulcana and Drosophila jambulina.
5 illus, 3 tables, 36 ref
DURKGA S J, SUDARMANI D N P, KUMA A G
044629 DURKGA S J, SUDARMANI D N P, KUMA A G (Post Graduate and Research Dep Zoology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal Coll, Sivakasi- 626 124, Tamil Nadu, Email: maga1zoo@gmail.com) : Mitochondrial genes and nuclear gene variation among seven species of the genus Lisarda of subfamily Salyavatinae (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Salyavatinae). J Ent Res 2020, 44(1), 7-14.
The sequence of three mitochondrial genes viz., 16S rRNA, 28S rRNA and COII of seven Lisarda Stål species were downloaded from the GenBank and were subjected to phylogenetic analyses to understand the intrageneric and intraspecific variations and the role of geographical isolation on speciation using CLUSTAL W in MEGA version 10.0. This analysis includes seven species of Lisarda such as Lisarda annularis (Walker), Lisarda conspersa (Walker), Lisarda crudelis (Stål), Lisarda inornata (Walker), Lisarda longispina Distant, Lisarda rhypara Stål and Lisarda schweinfurthi Reuter. The pair wise genetic distances were calculated and phylograms were constructed using maximum likelihood, neighbor-joining, minimum evolution, UPGMA and maximum parsimony methods. These preliminary analyses not only demarcated the seven species of Lisarda are revealed phylogenetic relationships and the role of geographical isolation on speciation.
15 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref
DEEP A, KUMAR A, RUNGTA S, SWAROOP S
044623 DEEP A, KUMAR A, RUNGTA S, SWAROOP S (Zoology Dep, Lucknow Univ, Lucknow– 226 007, Uttar Pradesh, Email: jsa.amardeep@gmail.com ) : Sofosbuvir and daclatasvir bypassing genotypic investigation of chronic hepatitis c infection: A real-life experience at tertiary care center in north Indian population sofosbuvir and daclatasvir by passing genotypic investigation. J Ecophysiol Occup Health 2020, 20(1&2), 70-4.
The goal of Hepatitis C Virus infection treatment is to remove the virus, to avoid advancement of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection and progression of related disease such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and to achieve End of Treatment Response (ETR) with 12-week therapy and Sustained Virological Response (SVR) at post-treatment week 12 (SVR-12), which is defined as undetectable HCV RNA at 12 weeks post ETR. In the Compassionate Use Program (CUP) in Europe, Sofosbuvir (SOF) and Daclatasvir (DCV) were used in all genotypes and achieved SVR-12. Our aim is to compare the efficacy and effectiveness of Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir in the treatment of HCV infection in the patients who could not afford for the investigating of HCVGenotype and to those in whom genotyping was done. Group 1 includes ten patients, given Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir without genotype and group 2 includes nine patients, given Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir with genotype. The patient group selection was done using a randomized table generated by using excel. All the patients in the groups completed the twelve weeks treatment with twelve weeks and twenty-four weeks of follow up. All the nineteen patients were given Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir for twelve weeks and the endpoint of therapy was marked by undetectable HCV-RNA in blood by ETR-12 (end of treatment response), Sustained Virological Response at post-treatment week 12 (SVR-12) and Sustained Virological Response at post-treatment week 24 (SVR24). Quantitative HCV-RNA (IU/ml) by RT-PCR was undetectable in all the patients in both groups at the end of treatment (ETR-12) and SVR-12- and SVR-24-weeks follow-up after completion of treatment i.e. Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir has 100 % ETR-12, SVR-12 and SVR-24 in both the groups. If patients do not investigate for genotype and use the Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir in HCV infected patients, there is no effect on outcome ETR. This will reduce the risk of late stage complications such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and will also leads to the economic benefits such as no extra burden on patients.
4 tables, 20 ref
ARAFAT M Y, BAKHTIYAR Y
044620 ARAFAT M Y, BAKHTIYAR Y (Zoology Dep, Kashmir Univ, Srinagar– 190 006, Email: yasirt99@gmail.com) : Morphometric attributes and their controlling elements in himalayan snow trout, Schizothorax labiatus inhabiting vishav stream of South Kashmir, India. J Ecophysiol Occup Health 2020, 20(1&2), 50-6.
The morphometric analysis was carried out in indigenous cyprinid food fish, Schizothorax labiatus (a species of snow trout) collected from Vishav stream, a perennial cold water stream of Kashmir valley, India, wherein various morphometric characters viz., Total Length (TL), Standard Length (SL), Fork Length (FL), Pre-dorsal Length (PDL), Pre-pectoral Length (PPL), Pre-pelvic Length (PPeL), Pre-anal Length (PAL), Anal Fin Length (AL), Head Length (HL), Height of Dorsal Fin (HOD), Snout Length (SnL), Body Depth (BD), Eye Diameter (ED), Inter Orbital Length (IOL), Caudal Fin Length (CL) and Caudal Depth (CD) of 104 fish specimens were measured, correlated and analysed. The morphometric data was calculated in the percentage of total length except SnL, ED and IOL which were calculated in the percentage of HL. The result revealed that the correlation coefficient ranged from 0.770 to 0.995 in proportion to TL and 0.706 to 0.859 in proportion to HL which indicates that all the morphometric characters are highly correlated. All the correlations were significant at the level of p<0.01. During the investigation, the results revealed that in the % of TL, 8 characters were found to be genetically controlled 4 characters as intermediate and none character as environmentally controlled one. In the % of HL, 1 character was found to be included in intermediate character, 2 characters in environmentally controlled characters and none in purely genetically controlled one. As revealed by the regression analysis of different morphometric characters in proportion to TL, the maximum growth was obtained for FL (b = 0.9664) and the minimum growth was obtained for AL (b = 0.0655) and in proportion to HL, the maximum growth was obtained for IOL (b = 0.4689) and the minimum growth was obtained for ED (b = 0.0852).
3 illus, 1 table, 45 ref
DONAWADE S, MEENA R S, SINGH P S
044609 DONAWADE S, MEENA R S, SINGH P S (Entomology and Agricultural Zoology Dep, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi - 221005, Uttar Pradesh, Email: radheento@gmail.com) : Bio-efficacy of novel insecticides and combination formulations on major insect pests of Sugarcane Early shoot borer and Top shoot borer. J Eco-Friend Agric 2020, 15(1), 76-80.
The field experiment was conducted with a view to study the bio-efficacy of some novel insecticides and combination formulations on major insect pests of sugarcane early shoot borer and top shoot borer at the Agricultural Research Farm of Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varanasi. In the present study Chlorantroniliprole 18.5 SC was also found to be effective against C. infuscatellus and significantly superior over other insecticidal treatments. Among the other treatments fipronil 5 SC 75 g a i ha-1 treatments stood second and next best treatment is Fipronil 40 WG + Imidacloprid 40 WG combination treatment stood third followed by Indoxicarb 14.5 SC, Cartap hydrochloride 50 SP, Spinosad 45 SC. The results obtained during the evaluation of test insecticides against Top shoot borer (S. excerptalis) revealed that Chlorantroniliprole 18.5 SC treatment was significantly superior over other insecticidal treatments. The second best chemical was Fipronil 5 SC, which were followed by Fipronil 40 WG + Imidacloprid 40 WG, Indoxicarb 14.5 SC, Cartap hydrochloride 50 SP, Spinosad 45 SC and Chloropyriphos that have nearly same per cent field bio- efficacy. Fipronil in combination with Imidacloprid as it was observed in case S. excerptalis was also proved effective.
4 tables, 11 ref
PRASAD S B, TURNIA I
040761 PRASAD S B, TURNIA I (Zoology Dep, North-Eastern Hill Univ, Shillong - 793 022, Meghalaya, Email: sbnehu@gmail.com) : Antitumor activity with no toxicity of propolis from Meghalaya, India in ascites Dalton’s lymphoma-bearing mice. Indian J Nat Prod Resour 2020, 11(4), 267-79.
Propolis or bee glue is an important natural bee product that has been used by humans to meet the needs of health since ancient times. Despite its many valuable uses, scientific research on propolis is still limited. Despite rich traditional zootherapeutic knowledge of the people and affluent biodiversity of North-east India, almost no research study has been undertaken on the assessment of various biological properties of propolis from this region. Recently, the antibacterial and antitumor activity of the methanolic extract of propolis (MeOH-propolis) from Meghalaya was reported by us only. The present study was undertaken to further examine the antitumor activity and toxicity in ascites Dalton’s Lymphoma bearing mice itself and compare with that of cisplatin, a well established anticancer drug also known to cause different toxicities in the host. MeOH-propolis showed potent anticancer activity against ascites Dalton’s lymphoma. The assessment of various toxicity parameters such as hematotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and sperm abnormality revealed that MeOH-propolis treatment did not develop any toxicity while cisplatin developed these toxicities in the host. It is suggested that the increasing antioxidative defense activity of the MeOH-propolis could be involved in its ability to avoid any toxicity in the host. The findings from the present study showing the combined action of MeOH-propolis as anticancer as well as its ability to stabilize various toxicity parameters in cancer-bearing mice suggest the possibility of using propolis as a natural alternative to chemotherapy to shun the side effects.
8 illus, 5 tables, 60 ref
CHAUDHARY P, DHANDE S
040732 CHAUDHARY P, DHANDE S (Pharmacology Dep, Mumbai Univ, Navi Mumbai - 400 614, Maharashtra, Email: dswatir@gmail.com) : Evaluation of anti-parkinson’s activity of ethanolic extract of Tridax procumbens (Asteraceae). Indian J Nat Prod Resour 2020, 11(1), 9-17.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. In the present study was designed to evaluate anti-Parkinson’s activity of ethanolic extract of Tridax procumbens (EETP) leaves, family Asteraceae. The experimental paradigm included haloperidol-induced catalepsy in rat model and rotenone-induced locomotor impairment in the fruit fly. In the catalepsy model, the rats received treatment of EETP (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) followed by haloperidol (1 mg/kg, i.p.) for 15 days. The significant (P < 0.05) reduction in muscle rigidity, catalepsy at EETP (100 mg/kg) while; improved locomotor activity was found with the EETP (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.). The catalase and reduced glutathione levels were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) increased and decreased lipid peroxidation at EETP (100 and 200 mg/kg). In fruit fly model; rotenone (ROT) 500 μM co-exposed with EETP (0.05 % w/v and 0.1 % w/v) to flies for 7 days. Treatment with EETP (0.05 and 0.1 % w/v) significantly (P < 0.05) improved the performances of locomotor activity in flies when compared with ROT treated flies. Thus, the study proved that EETP treatment significantly attenuated motor defects and also protected the brain from oxidative stress.
5 tables, 33 ref
YELE Y, SINGH S K, TANWAR A, PODDAR N
040731 YELE Y, SINGH S K, TANWAR A, PODDAR N (ICAR-National Institute of Biotic Stress Management, Baronda, Raipur - 493 225, Email: yogeshyele13@gmail.com) : Off-season and carry over hosts of Bemisia tabaci in North India. Indian J Entomol 2020, 82(2), 397-99.
The whitefly Bemisia tabaci adult population was surveyed in protected and open field crops in north Indian states during off-season months of winter 2016-17, to know the off-season survival and carry over hosts in its hotspot areas. Crops grown under protected cultivation viz. tomato, brinjal, cucumber and rose harbored significantly more adults than crops grown under open field conditions. Crops like potato and mustard in open fields support survival and provide breeding sites in off-season. Natural enemy activities are low in winter and allows sustained population buildup. These crops also act as carryover hosts providing the required inoculum for later seasons.
1 table, 24 ref
REDDY D S, MADHUMATI C, NAGARAJU R
040730 REDDY D S, MADHUMATI C, NAGARAJU R (Dr. YSR Horticultural Univ, Ananthrajupet - 516 105, Andhra Pradesh, Email: dsr2020@gmail.com) : Evaluation of insecticdes and non-edible oils against banana stem weevil. Indian J Entomol 2020, 82(2), 393-6.
The banana pseudostem weevil (BPW) Odoiporus longicollis (Oliver) (Coleoptera: Curculiondae) is a serious pest of banana. An experiment was conducted with cultivar Rasthali having eleven treatments during 2016 and 2017 to evaluate some insecticides and non-edible oils/ cakes against BPW. The results revealed that except mahua and castor oil cakes@ 1 kg/plant along with fertilizer application all others gave reduction in damage, and number of life stages of BPW. The injection of botanicals (2 % neem oil) at monthly interval from 5- 8th month led to more damage as compared to injection of insecticides namely, 2 % monocrotophos 36SL and chlorpyriphos 20EC at monthly intervals from 5-8th month. The use of carbofuran 3G@ 750mg ai/plant in soil at 0, 2nd, and 5th month followed by leaf axil application @375mg ai/plant at 7th month and carbofuran 3G @ 375mg ai/plant at 5th, 6th and 7th month in leaf axil resulted in minimum damage and reduction in life stages of weevil, indicating that these could be recommended.
1 table, 16 ref
REENA, JAMWAL S, SINGH A P, SINHA B K, GUPTA S, JHA A C
040729 REENA, JAMWAL S, SINGH A P, SINHA B K, GUPTA S, JHA A C (SKUAST-Jammu, Bari Brahmana - 181 133, Email: bkreena12@gmail.com) : Evaluation of some biorationals against mustard aphid Lipaphis erysimi (kalt.). Indian J Entomol 2020, 82(2), 390-2.
This study evaluates the insecticidal activity of few biorationals (methanolic extracts of plants/ plant parts), for their toxicity against Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.), one of the most serious pests of mustard, especially late sown crop. The results reveal that thiamethoxam @ 0.33 g/l was superior than the castor seed and bhang leaf extracts. Increase in seed yield was observed with castor seed extract (1494.44 kg/ha) followed by Cannabis sativa extract (1258.33 kg/ha), which was comparable to thiamethoxam (1216.66 kg/ha).
1 table, 10 ref
KUMAR T, GURU G R, SREEDEVI K
040724 KUMAR T, GURU G R, SREEDEVI K (Entomology Div, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi - 110 012, Email: tarunbiotech246@gmail.com) : Redescription of three species of the genus Alcidodes marshall (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae). Indian J Entomol 2020, 82(2), 355-63.
The molytinae weevil genus Alcidodes Marshall, 1939 from the Indian subcontinent is reviewed. The three known species: A. fabricii Fabricius, 1792 and A. mysticus Faust, 1894 and A. porrectirostris Marshall, 1913 are redescribed. A key to the species is also provided. All the salient taxonomic characters including the genitalia are illustrated, which will be additions to the taxonomic knowledge of this genus.
105 illus, 16 ref
HIRUR M E, ANITHA G, KUMARI D A, DEVI G U
040722 HIRUR M E, ANITHA G, KUMARI D A, DEVI G U (Entomology Dep, Agriculture Coll, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500 030, Email: madhuerannah6578@gmail.com) : Diversity analysis and guild composition of spiders in rabi tomato. Indian J Entomol 2020, 82(2), 347-50.
Natural control contributed by the predators is a valuable tool, and with diverse hunting strategies, habitat preferences and activity periods, spiders could be effective natural bioagents in crop ecosystem. Present study focused on the biodiversity and abundance of spiders in rabi tomato under sprayed and unsprayed conditions during 2018-19. A total of 815 spiders under16 genera and 18 species belonging to ten families viz., Araneidae, Lycosidae, Oxyopidae, Tetragnathidae, Salticidae, Thomisidae, Clubionidae, Linyphidae, Pholcidae and Theridiidae were observed. Diversity indices viz., Margelef’s Diversity index, Pielou’s Evenness index, Shannon- Wiener Diversity index, Reciprocal Simpson index and Simpson index in the sprayed and unsprayed blocks were found to be on par and were 1.6 and 1.4; 0.67 and 0.75; 1.5 and 1.7; 3.1 and 4.2; 0.32 and 0.24, respectively. Araneidae was found to be most abundant family followed by Oxyopidae. A total of 7 guilds of spiders based on their mode of attack on the prey were observed.
1 illus, 3 tables, 9 ref
BUI M, SINGH H K, ALEMINLA A O, CHAUHAN A, BEHERE G T
040721 BUI M, SINGH H K, ALEMINLA A O, CHAUHAN A, BEHERE G T (Entomology Dep, Nagaland Univ, Medziphema - 797 106, Nagaland, Email: malar2uads@gmail.com) : Architectural design of stingless bee hives. Indian J Entomol 2020, 82(2), 343-6.
Stingless bee colonies were collected from different altitudes of Upper Subansiri district of Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland. Thirty four colonies of Lepidotrigona arcifera were successfully domiciled. Three hive types were designed, viz., Mo = Natural hive (NH), M1= Bamboo hives (BH) and M2 = Log artificial hive (LAH) for better establishment of colonies. These were kept at two heights [two feet above the ground (Ho) and five feet (H1) above the ground]. Wooden hives yielded 665 ml/hive/season as compared to bamboo and natural hives. The rate of colony establishment was best in wooden hive followed by natural hive. Bamboo hive failed to establish perennial colony while wooden hives performed better.
3 tables, 11 ref
BUI M, SINGH H K, ALEMINLA A O, CHAUHAN A, BEHERE G T
040720 BUI M, SINGH H K, ALEMINLA A O, CHAUHAN A, BEHERE G T (Entomology Dep, Nagaland Univ, Medziphema - 797 106, Nagaland, Email: malar2uads@gmail.com) : Diagnostics of wild stingless bees from Northeast India. Indian J Entomol 2020, 82(2), 337-42.
This study is on the identification of wild stingless bee species by traditional and molecular taxonomy. Samples were collected from the previously tagged stingless bee hives at Medziphema, Nagaland and Upper Sabansari, Arunachal Pradesh. Laboratory analysis for taxonomic and molecular studies was carried out during 2016-2018 in the Insect Molecular Laboratory, Division of Crop Protection, ICAR Research Complex for North East Hill Region, Umiam, Meghalaya. Two genera were identified i.e. stingless bee colonies collected from Arunachal Pradesh identified as Lepidotrigona arcifera and three specimens from SASRD, Nagaland were identified as Tetragonula sp. I (Black SASRD and white SASRD) and Tetragonula sp.II (underground SASRD). The present study has generated molecular data for the first time for Lepidotrigona arcifera.
5 illus, 1 table, 11 ref
RENUKA V V L, SASMAL A, BEURA S K
040719 RENUKA V V L, SASMAL A, BEURA S K (Entomology Dep, Orissa Univ of Agriculture and Technology (OUAT), Bhubaneswar - 751 003, Email: vvlrenuka.14@gmail.com) : Efficacy of some biointensive and insecticides based IPM modules against rice plant hopper in coastal Odisha. Indian J Entomol 2020, 82(2), 333-6.
A field experiment was conducted to determine the comparative efficacy of some biointensive and insecticides- based modules against rice plant hopper during kharif, 2016 and 2017. The biointensive modules included botanicals, parasitoids and entomopathogenic biopesticides. Chlorantraniliprole, buprofezin, and conventional insecticides as adopted by the farmers practice in Puri district of Odisha were the other treatments. The results revealed that nursery treatment with fipronil 0.3G @20kg/ ha + chlorantraniliprole 0.4G @10kg/ ha at 40 DAT + spray of buprofezin 25 % SC @ 825ml/ ha at 65DAT were superior with 83 % reduction in plant hoppers population. Also, the maximum grain yield with 31 % increase, and incremental benefit cost ratio (5.85: 1.00) were accomplished. The module- nursery treatment with fipronil 0.3G @20kg/ ha + Trichogramma japonicum + Beauveria bassiana @2l/ ha at 30 and 50 DAT+ neem seed kernel extract (5 %) at 65 DAT led to 65 % reduction in plant hoppers, and was the most effective among the biointensive modules. The predator population was found to be more in these biointensive modules.
2 tables, 11 ref
DINDOR M A, PANICKAR B, CHAUDHARI S J
040718 DINDOR M A, PANICKAR B, CHAUDHARI S J (SDAU, Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat - 385 506, Email: bindu.ento@ gmail.com) : Population dynamics of pod borer Helicoverpa armigera on chickpea. Indian J Entomol 2020, 82(2), 330-2.
A field experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Instructional Farm, C. P. College of Agriculture and organic farm, Centre for Natural Resources Management, S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar during rabi 2017-18 and 2018-19 to evaluate the population dynamics of the pod borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) on chickpea. The eggs were observed from 49th (first week of December) till 3rd standard week (third week of January); and the larvae from 49th standard week till crop harvesting i.e., 11th standard week (second week of March). Correlation coefficients between egg population and minimum temperature, morning relative humidity and bright sunshine revealed a negative relationship, while evening relative humidity, rainfall, showed positive but non-significant effects; and a negative effect of maximum temperature and wind velocity was observed. As regards larvae, it was a positive one with maximum temperature, and negative with minimum temperature, evening relative humidity, wind velocity and rainfall. Significant positive correlation with bright sunshine and highly significant negative correlation with morning relative humidity were observed.
1 table, 12 ref
KAUR R, SHARMA S, SHERA P S, SANGHA K S
040717 KAUR R, SHARMA S, SHERA P S, SANGHA K S (Entomology Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana - 141 004, Email: rebakaur@pau.edu) : Biocontrol based IPM module against insect pests of cauliflower. Indian J Entomol 2020, 82(2), 324-9.
The present study attempts developing a biocontrol based IPM module using parasitoids, predators and biopesticide formulations for the management of insect pests of cauliflower. The results revealed that during 2013-14 and 2014-15; November to March, the incidence of cabbage butterfly Pieris brassicae L. and mustard aphid Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) was observed, and these appeared in February. No incidence of diamond back moth Plutella xylostella L. was observed. Three treatments viz., 1. Biocontrol based IPM module; 2. Chemical control (Success 2.5 SC- Spinosad@ 625 ml/ ha against P. brassicae, malathion 50 EC @ 800 ml/ ha against aphids; and 3. Control (no treatment) were evaluated. The pretreatment count of P. brassicae larvae was 12.21, 55.87 and 54.60/ plant in the plots of biocontrol based IPM, chemical control and untreated control, respectively; and for L. erysimi it was 35.39, 32.20 and 38.33/ plant, respectively. Both biocontrol module and chemical control were found at par against P. brassicae larvae, with % reduction being 62.8 and 66.73 %, respectively. Biocontrol module was found effective against L. erysimi, causing 62.5 % reduction. The population of natural enemies such as coccinellids (67.9 %), syrphid fly (35.0 %) and Cotesia glomerata (L.) (30.0 %) were also more in the fields with biocontrol. The yield of curds in the biocontrol (102.4 q/ ha) and chemical control (113.6 q/ ha) were significantly higher than untreated control (72.08 q/ ha).
3 tables, 64 ref
SUSANTH C, ANOOJ S S
040716 SUSANTH C, ANOOJ S S (Entomology Div, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi - 110 012, Email: anooj227@gmail.com) : Checklist of Odonata of Wayanad District, Kerala. Indian J Entomol 2020, 82(2), 315-23.
This study presents the Odonata diversity of Wayanad district of Kerala. Fiftynine species in 40 genera and seven families are included, of which Libellulidae included the most number of species followed by the Coenagrionidae. A check list of the species observed is provided.
59 illus, 1 table, 30 ref
GEETHU S, SUROSHE S S
040713 GEETHU S, SUROSHE S S (Entomology Div, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi - 110 012, Email: sachinsuroshe@gmail.com) : Feeding potential and biology of six spotted ladybird beetle Cheilomenes sexmaculata on cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis. Indian J Entomol 2020, 82(2), 302-5.
The six spotted ladybird beetle Cheilomenes sexmaculata (F.) is a predator and its predatory potential is to be studied in detail. It was found that C. sexmaculata preferred second instar mealybug for predation. The most voracious predator was female followed by male and fourth instar. It was observed that per day consumption of grubs of all the stages decreased with increase in size of the mealybug. The feeding potential of larval instars of predator increased with their age. The studies on biology of C. sexmaculata on cotton mealybug Phenococcus solenopsis Tinsley will help us in knowing the weak and strong links for its proper use in biological control programme and also for its easy rearing in laboratory. Morphometric studies would help in construction of life tables and to know the effect of different rearing conditions on the physical fitness of the predator and also in selecting the preferred stage for its release. The total life span was maximum for mated females (73 days) than mated males (61 days) and unmated females (47 days) than unmated males (39 days).
3 tables, 19 ref
SAHANI S K, MONDAL P
040712 SAHANI S K, MONDAL P (Agricultural Entomology Dep, Palli Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Agriculture), Sriniketan - 731 236, West Bengal, Email: sahanishrawan@gmail.com) : Efficacy of certain insecticides against thrips Scirtothrips dorsalis on chillies. Indian J Entomol 2020, 82(2), 298-301.
A field experiment was carried out with organophosphate, neonicotinoid, phenyl pyrazoles, diamides, macrocyclic lactone, thiourea, pyrethroids and botanicals against chilli thrips Scirtothrips dorsalis (Hood) during 2018. Fipronil 5 % SC @ 50 g a.i./ha proved to be the most effective in terms of reduction of (96.16 % & 76.39 %, respectively) both after 1st and 2nd sprays. Other insecticides viz., diafenthiuron 50 % WP @ 300 g a.i./ha, profenophos 50 % EC @ 500 g a.i./ha, emamectin benzoate 5 % SG @ 10 g a.i./ha, cyantraniliprole 10.26 % OD @ 60 g a.i./ha, imidacloprid 17.8 % SL @ 50 g a.i./ha, thiamethoxam 20 % WG @ 50 g a.i./ha, lamdacyhalothrin 5 % EC @ 15 g a.i./ha were also found effective. The preparation of NSKE 5% though was found less effective exerted 80.46 % and 53.46 % reduction in population after 1st and 2nd spray, respectively. Results on the fruit yield revealed that all the treatments increased the yield significantly. Analysis of incremental cost benefit ratio revealed that fipronil 5 % SC was superior.
2 tables, 13 ref