006625   Thomas S; (Zoology Postgraduate Dep, Nirmala College, Muvattupuzha, Ernakulam Dist, Kerala, Email: drshaju@gmail.com) : Preliminary study on the animal diversity of Idukki Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala with special reference to invertebrates. Sci Soc 2013, 11(1), 35-44.

A preliminary study on the animal diversity of Idukki Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala was carried out with special reference to invertebrates for a period of fifteen days from 7th to 22nd January 2013. Various methods like line transect, point count, quadrate, pitfall trap, hand-draw net/towel and opportunistic observation were adopted for estimating the diversity and abundance. A total of 14 different animal taxa were observed which include mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, macroinvertebrates, spiders, butterflies, moths, ants, dipterans, hemipterans, orthopterans, hymenopterans, coleopterans and odonates. Out of the 34 species of mammals recorded six of them are new reports to the sanctuary. 104 bird species including four Western Ghats endemics such as blue winged parakeet, malabar grey hornbill, small sun bird and small green barbet could be recorded. Of the 20 reptile species recorded, Mabuya macularis was reported for the first time from the sanctuary. Out of the 29 amphibian type specimens observed, nine specimens were new reports, including Rana aurantiaca, Indirana leithi and Limnonectes limnocharis. Among the 84 species of butterflies sighted Danaid Eggfly (Hypolimnas misippus) Tawny Coster (Acraea violae), Large Oakblue (Arhopalaa mantes) Suffused Snowflat (Tagiades obscurus) Spotted Angle (Caprotted agamd) d Common Banded Awl (Hasora chromus) are new reports to the sanctuary. The study also resulted in documenting 33 macroinvertebrates including molluscs, arthropods, annelids and platyhelminthes, 87 species of spiders, 50 species of moths, 35 species of odonates, 50 genera of orthopterans, 25 genera of hemipterans, 37 genera of hymenopterans, 30 genera of coleopterans and 44 families of dipterans for the first time from the sanctuary. The present study indicates the presence of a very rich invertebrate diversity and the utmost need for conducting long term taxonomic studies to unveil the rich faunistic wealth of Idukki Wildlife Sanctuary.

1 table, 22 ref

006624   Srivastava D K;Vas Dev;Bhattacharya S (NO, National Institute of Malaria Research, Guwahati-781 022, Email: dkumarsrivastava@gmail.com) : Predatory potential of indigenous and exotic larvivorous fish for control of mosquito breeding. J appl Biosci 2013, 39(2), 127-30.

Biological control of mosquito breeding has gained renewed interest owing to emerging problems associated with the use of synthetic pesticides. Amongst various biological control methods, use of larvivorous fish is best suited due to eco-friendly and self-sustainable nature. Poecilia reticulata (Guppy) and Gambusia affinis (mosquito fish) are popular exotic larvivorous fishes that have been successfully used for mosquito control in different parts of the world. The comparative efficacy of two indigenous fish, Esomus danricus (Indian flying barb) and Danio rerio (Zebra fish), prevalent in Assam, northeast India, and two exotic larvivorous fish species (P. reticulata and G. affinis) were reported in the given ecological context. Both the indigenous fish species were significantly (P<60>0.05) efficient in predating Culex mosquito larvae than the exotic species under laboratory condition. E. danricus and D. rerio consumed 7.9±1.95 and 4.9±1.16 mosquito larvae per hour in comparison to 2.40±0.17 and 2.23±0.29 by P. reticulata and G. affinis, respectively. However, additional investigations are warranted on the survival and efficiency of these indigenous fish species in controlling mosquito populations in diverse breeding habitats for achieving sustainable vector control.

1 illus, 1 table, 22 ref

006623   Sreedevi N V;Chitra K C (Zoology Dep, University of Calicut, Malappuram, District, Kerala-673 635, Email: kcchitra@yahoo.com) : Biochemical and genotoxic effects of octylphenol in hepatomitochondrial fractions of freshwater fish, Ooreochromis mossambicus. J Cell Tissue Res 2014, 14(2), 4211-18.

The environmental contaminants released into the aquatic ecosystem can disrupt the normal structure and functions of various organs in an organism thereby have an effect on its normal life. Octylphenol, one of the environmental contaminants, is known to perturb the normal functioning of aquatic life. In the present study octylphenol at 75μg/ L was exposed to freshwater fish, Oreochromis mossambicus for 7, 14 and 21 days and the biochemical changes and genotoxic potential was studied. During octylphenol treatment the body weights of the fish remained unchanged but the weight of liver and hepatosomatic index was decreased when compared to the control group. Octylphenol significantly increased mucous deposition all over the body in time-dependent manner. Biochemical estimation of the levels of lipid peroxidation, cytochrome oxidase and xanthine oxidase in hepatic mitochondrial fractions showed a significant increase at the end of treatment. This could be due to the generation of reactive oxygen species and energy demand in the mitochondrial fractions of hepatocytes. Exposure to octylphenol resulted in cytogenotoxicity as evidenced by fragmented apoptotic, bi-nucleated and sticky cells in micronuleus test and an increase in the number of colonies of the bacterium, Salmonella typhimurium, than that of control group. Therefore, octylphenol impairs antioxidant status and affects genotoxic potential when exposed chronically in freshwater fish O. mossambicus.

13 illus, 29 ref

006622   Solanki G S;Zothansiama (Zoology Dep, Mizoram University, Aizawl-796 004, Email: gssolanki02@yahoo.co.in) : Infanticide in captive stump-tailed macaques (Macaca arctoides) is in accordance with the sexual selection hypothesis. Curr Sci 2013, 104(8), 1081-3.

Study reports infanticide among stump-tailed macaques. The incident was observed when the study group was manipulated by introducing the á-male to the mother-infant pair at the breeding centre. As no copulation was observed between the á-male and the victim's mother, it was safe to exclude the á-male as the probable father. The infant was 14 months old and still suckling when she was killed. The after-math of the infanticide was a successful copulation and eventual conception by the victim's mother. This observation was found to be in accordance with the sexual selection hypothesis.

31 ref

006621   Singh N M (NO, P.G. Dep of Zoology Laboratory of Fishery, D.M. College of Science, Imphal-795 001, Email: mohendra.mangang@gmail.com) : Taxonomic study on fishes in the rivers of Imphal valley. Trends Biosci 2013, 6(2), 182-4.

Altogether 53 fish specimen have been collected from different sapling stations of each river. The identified species belong to cyprinidae, Bagridae, Cobitidae, Belontidae, Channidae, Metacembelidae, Notopteridae, Heteropneustidae, Sisoridae, Belonidae, Ambassidae, Anabantidae, Claridae, Anguilla, and Clupeidae families.

1 illus, 4 tables, 4 ref

006620   Singh B P;Bhargava O N;Kishore N;Ahluwalia A D;Chuabey R S (Center of Advanced Study in Geology, Panjab Univ, Chandigarh-160 014, Email: v_ruh@rediffmail.com) : Arthropod from the Bikaner-Nagaur Basin, Peninsular India. Curr Sci 2013, 104(6), 706-7.

^ssc2 illus, 13 ref

006619   Saravanan R;Vijayanand P;Murugan A;Rajagopal S;Balasubramanian T (CAS in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai-608 502, Email: mrsaravanan15@yahoo.co.in) : First record of Titan cardinal fish, Holapogon maximus (Apogonidae) along the South east coast of Tamilnadu, India. Indian J Geomar Sci 2014, 43(2), 229-32.

Titan cardinal fish, Holapogon maximus is described based on the basis of 3 specimens 154 to 190 mm SL, collected from Mudasalodai landing center, east coast of India (Lat. 11°29'N; Long. 79°46'E). This species was caught from the shrimp trawl net which is operated at a depth of 25-35 m and it is distinct by having following combination of characters: 9 dorsal fin spine whereas the 8th spine is hidden into the body, 2 anal fin spine and 7 rays and 13 pectoral fin rays.

2 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

006618   Santhiya N;Sanjeevi S B;Gayathri M; Dhanalakshmi M (Zoology PG & Research Dep, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Kumbakonam, Taminadu, Email: gayuphd@gmail.com) : Diversity and distribution of freshwater molluscs in Vadavar reservoir, Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu. Envir Ecol 2013, 31(4), 1736-8.

The freshwater habitats are taxonomically impoverished in comparison to the marine habitats. The molluscs are collected in Vadavar Reservoir, Thanjavur District, Tamil Nadu (11° 15'and 79°30'E). Molluscs were mainly collected by hand picking method and also with the nylon cloth net (40 meshes/ cm^{2), nylon scoop, forceps. Molluscs are characterized as having a soft, fleshy body, which in many species, is covered with a hard shell. The inventory of mollusca collected from the Vadavar Reservoir and their diagnosis characters are presented. A total of 13 species belonging 2 classes, 2 orders. 5 families, 6 genera were collected in Vadavar Reservoir Area. Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu. The species diagnosis are used in identify the species.}

1 table, 2 ref

006617   Roy A;Bhaumik U (NO, Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata-700 120) : Participation of women of Sundarbans in fisheries decision making. J Inld Fish Soc India 2013, 45(2), 23-7.

Study was conducted in Fraserganj area of Sundarban to assess the extent of rural women participation in decision making process related to fisheries. Highest participation of women in decision making was on the matter related to preparation of food items (67%) and giving child supplementary food items (67%). Based on the study several measures have been suggested to improve womans' decision making capacity.

6 tables, 5 ref

006616   Pegu R;Das S K (Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sonitpur, Assam Agricultural Univ, Assam) : Growth performance of Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (Linnaeus) with restricted feeding. J Inld Fish Soc India 2013, 45(2), 36-9.

Compensatory growth for Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (Linnaeus) was studied through restricted feeding regime. The fishes in 3 treatments groups were fed @ 2 percent body of weight for the period 1 week, 2 weeks and 3 weeks respectively. Subsequently fishes were fed at the rate of 5 percent of body weight till 9 week. The fishes in control (C) group were fed daily @ 5 percent of body weight. There was significance difference (df = 3.8, F = 7.574, P <60> 0.05)) in weight gain of fish due to feed restriction. It was found that in the treatment R₂ there was relatively high growth during 4th and 5th week and it might be due to hyperphagia in fish. It had also resulted in growth compensation.

2 illus, 9 ref

006615   Pathak R K;Gopesh A;Joshi K D;Dwivedi A C (Zoology Dep, Allahabad Univ, Allahabad-211 002) : Cyprinus carpio var. communis, in middle stretch of river Ganga at Allahabad. J Inld Fish Soc India 2013, 45(2), 60-2.

^ssc1 illus, 19 ref

006614   Nehar S (Zoology Dep, Ranchi Univ, Ranchi) : Stimulation of cortisol secretion by oxytocin in Clarias batrachus (Linn.). J Inld Fish Soc India 2013, 45(2), 32-5.

Present work reports the modulatory role of oxytocin on cortisol secretion by the interrenal cells in Clarias batrachus. Administration of dexamethasone @ 2.5 mg kg^{-1 body weight and captopril @8.3 mg kg-1 body weight for seven consecutive days resulted in a sharp fall in the cortisol level from 23.82 ± 1.248 μg dl-1 to 8.9 ± 3.47 μg dl-1. Treatment with oxytocin along with the above modulators resulted in an increase in cortisol level from 8.9 ± 3.47 μg dl to 12.84 ± 0.311 μg dl. Administration of oxytocin only, in the intact fish showed a stimulatory effect on the cortical production resulting in an increase from 23.82 ± 1.248 μg dl-1 to 31.9 ± 1.173 dl-1. The data were subjected to paired sample t-test and found to be significant at 95% confidence level. The present investigation clearly indicates a stimulatory effect of oxytocin in the regulation of cortisol secretion.}

1 illus, 18 ref

006613   Kizhakudan S J (Madras Research Centre of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, , 75, Santhome High Road, R.A. Puram, Chennai-600 025, Email: shobajoe@cmfri.org.in) : Study on the growth of three species of silverbellies from the South-East Coast of India. Indian J Geomar Sci 2014, 43(2), 263-70.

Growth parameters were estimated for three species of silverbellies from the south-east coast of India, based on samples collected from trawl landings at Kasimedu Fisheries Harbour in Chennai. Asymptotic length L, annual growth co-efficient K and theoretical age of the fish at zero length t₀, were derived as 139.9 mm, 1.41 yr^{-1 and -0.119 yr for Photopectoralis bindus, 121.5 mm, 1.525 yr-1 and -0.01212 yr for Secutor insidiator and 166.65 mm, 1.3 yr-1 and -0.0159 yr for Gazza minuta. Average daily growth rate ranged between 0.45 mm and 0.13 mm in P. bindus, 0.34 mm and 0.03 mm in S. insidiator and 0.62 mm and 0.1 mm in G. minuta. At the end of the 1st and 2ndyear of its life, P. bindus attains lengths of 110.5 mm and 132.3 mm, S. insidiator, 94.9 mm and 115.6 mm and G. minuta, 122.1 mm and 154.5 mm. Longevity was estimated as 2-2.2 yrs for P. bindus and S. insidiator and 2.4 yrs for G. minuta.}

4 illus, 4 tables, 32 ref

006612   Kananbala A;Bhubaneshwari M;Siliwal M (Entomology Research Laboratory, P.G. Dep of Zoology, D.M. College of science, Imphal-795 001, Email: akhamkanan@gmail.com) : Two edible spiders of the genus: Nephila (Fam. Nephilidae) to Manipur, India. Trends Biosci 2013, 6(2), 154-7.

Deals with an account of two edible spiders belonging to the genus Nephila (Family: Nephilidae Simon, 1894) from Manipur, India. The two species are N. pilipes Fabricus 1793 and N. clavata L. Koch 1878. These two species are reported for the first time from Manipur.

6 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

006611   Honnavalli N K;Radhakrishna S (NO, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Indian Institute of Science Ca, Bangalore-560 012, Email: honnavallik@gmail.com) : Evaluation of census techniques to estimate the density of slender Loris (Loris lydekkerianus) in Southern India. Curr Sci 2013, 104(8), 1083-6.

Reliable estimates of species density are fundamental to planning conservation strategies for any species; further, it is equally crucial to identify the most appropriate technique to estimate animal density. Nocturnal, small-sized animal species are notoriously difficult to census accurately and this issue critically affects their conservation status. We carried out a field study in southern India to estimate the density of slender loris, a small-sized nocturnal primate using line and strip transects. Actual counts of study individuals yielded a density estimate of 1.61 ha^{-1; density estimate from line transects was 1.08 ha-1; and density estimates varied from 1.06 ha-1 to 0.59 ha-1 in different fixed-width strip transects. We conclude that line and strip transects may typically underestimate densities of cryptic, nocturnal primates.}

1 illus, 3 tables, 23 ref

006610   Gharibi S;Hamedian A A;Barin A;Erfanmanesh A; Sadighara P (Academic Center of Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), , Tehran, Iran) : Comparative survey between extraction methods for determination of bioactivity level in shrimp wastes of Penaeus semisulcatus. Indian J Geomar Sci 2014, 43(2), 277-9.

In this study the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, soluble protein and carotenoids of shrimp wastes were examined in different extraction methods. It consists the use of ethanol, chloroform, sodium hydroxide and acetic acid. Results indicated that the ethanolic extraction is suitable for antioxidants and soluble protein. Fat-phase of chloroform is an excellent of the total carotenoids, while anti-inflammatory activity in its waterphase is higher than other extractions.

3 tables, 9 ref

006609   Dar B A;Jha G N (NO, , 316, Project Implementation Unit, National Agricultural Innovation Project Indian Council of Agricultural Research Pusa,) : Protective effects of dietary Spirulina platensis against cadmium chloride exposed histoarchitectural changes in the kidney of freshwater catfish, Clarias batrachus. J Inld Fish Soc India 2013, 45(2), 01-7.

Effect of dietary Spirulina against cadmium chloride (CdCl₂) on the kidney of the exposed catfish, Clarias batrachus was elucidated during sixty day experimewnt using 120 fishes with 5 treatment groups viz. T₀ (control), T₁ and T₂ (4 mg 1^{-1 CdCl₂ exposed), T₃ and T₄ (8 mg 1-1 CdCl₂ exposed). T₀, T₁ and T₃ were fed with normal diet, while T₂and T₄ with 10% Spirulina platensis supplemented diet. Loosening of haemopoietic tissue, clustering of cells, necrosis of uriniferous tubules, vacuolated cytoplasm, expansion of Bowman's Space, loss of original appearance of uriniferous tubules along with narrowing of the tubular lumen and damaged glomeruli were observed in T₁ and T₃, while these were less severe in case of Spirulina supplemented fishes.}

9 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

006608   Choudhury S R;Das S;Sahoo A K;Behera B K (Fishery Biology and Dep, Resources Management, West Bengal Univ of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata) : Length-weight relationship and relative condition of Notopterus notopterus (pallas) from East Kolkata Wetlands, West Bengal. J Inld Fish Soc India 2013, 45(2), 47-9.

^ssc5 illus, 12 ref

006607   Chitra K C;Sajitha R (Zoology Dep, University of Calicut, Malappuram-673 635, Email: kcchitra@yahoo.com) : Effect of bisphenol-A on the antioxidant defense system and its impact on the activity of succinate dehydrogenase in the gill of freshwater fish, Oreochromis mossambicus. J Cell Tissue Res 2014, 14(2), 4219-26.

Study evaluated that bisphenol A induces oxidative stress to the exposed fishes by time-dependent reduction in the antioxidant enzymes and concomitant increase in the lipid peroxidation in the gill of Oreochromis. A significant reduction in the marker enzyme, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) was also observed and this could be due to the impairment of aerobic metabolism in bisphenol- A treated fishes. Exposure to bisphenol- A for 20 days caused principal alterations in the gills of treated fishes as destruction of primary and secondary lamellae, upliftment of gill epithelium, hyperplasia and vasodialation in the lamellar epithelium. Thus the present study summarizes that the increased production of oxygen free radicals due to the exposure of bisphenol A inhibited the activities of antioxidant enzymes and succinate dehydrogenase thereby inducing oxidative stress and also destruct the normal architecture of gill in the fish.

10 illus, 29 ref

006606   Bose A K;Jha B C;Suresh V R;Das A K;Ridhi; Sharma A P (NO, Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata-700 120) : Fishes of the lower stretch of river Tawa, Madhya Pradesh and conservation needs. J Inld Fish Soc India 2013, 45(2), 14-22.

Assessment of fish diversity of river Tawa recorded 47 fish species representing 6 order, 14 families and 30 genera. Cyprinidae was the most dominant family (51.06%) followed by Bagridae (8.51%) and Ambassidae (6.38%). Fifteen species were ornamental (31.91%), 4 aquacultural species (8.51%), 3 Game fish (6.38%), 4 Aquaculture+Game fish (8.51%), 3 Aquaculture+Ornamental fish (6.38%), 2 Minor commercial (4.25%), 3 Minor commercial+Ornamental fish (6.38%), 1 Minor commercial+Gamefish+Ornamental (2.12%), 1 SF- Subsistence fisheries (2.12%), and 5 no interest fish (10.63%). Conservation status of fishes revealed that 3 (6.38%) species have not been evaluated, 1 (2.12%) species was vulnerable, 39 (82.97%) species were of least concern, 1 (2.12%) species was data deficient and 3 (6.38%) species were near threatened.

8 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

006605   Bhubaneshwari Devi M (Zoology P. G. Dep, Laboratory of Entomology, D.M. College of Science, Imphal, Email: aalalplantpathology@gmail.com) : Biology of mango-hopper, Amritodus atkinsoni (Leth.) (Jassidae : Hemiptera) in agro-ecosystem of Manipur. Trends Biosci 2013, 6(2), 216-17.

Mango-hopper, Amritodus atkinsoni (Leth.) (Jassidae : Hemiptera) is one of the most serious pests of mango trees in Manipur. The maximum infestation is seen during the (February and March) flowering season when the temperature is 28°C (Max.), 25°C (Min.); R.H. 85% (Max.), and 75% (Min.); Rainfall almost nil. During other months, they are very few in number and confine themselves in cracks and crevices of the bark of trees. The life cycle continues from February/March to April/May. The eggs are laid on rachis of inflorescence, having incubation period from 8 to 12 days. There are five larval instars with four moultings, the total nymphal period including five instars lasted from 15 to 20 days and the total life cycle from egg to adult ranged from 25 to 28 days under the laboratory conditions.

2 tables, 8 ref

006604   Bhagirathan U;Shaju S S;Ragesh N;Meenakumari B;Muhamed Ashraf P (Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (ICAR), , Matsyapuri P.O., Kochi- 682 029, Email: ushasreenath@yahoo.co.in) : Observations on bio-optical properties of a phytoplankton bloom in coastal waters off Cochin during the onset of Southwest monsoon. Indian J Geomar Sci 2014, 43(2), 289-96.

A phytoplankton bloom dominated by Chaetoceros spp. was detected in the Arabian Sea, off Cochin coast during May 2009 coinciding the onset of southwest monsoon with an average chlorophyll a concentration of 8.42 mg m^{-3 at four stations (A, C, D & E) of total 7 stations studied in coastal waters situated between latitudes 9°54'-10°02' N and longitudes 76°05'-76°12' E. All the stations were resampled after seven days and found that the average chlorophyll aconcentration at the bloom stations has decreased to 2.91 mg m-3. The inherent optical properties (chlorophyll a, specific phytoplankton absorption coefficient, chlorophyll scattering coefficient) of water were analyzed from the study area. The physico-chemical parameters like dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity and nutrients were estimated for surface waters in these stations using standard methods. The phytoplankton of the study area was identified and their density was recorded. The phytoplankton community composed primarily of diatom Chaetoceros sp. in all the stations, with a percentage composition greater than 55 at the bloom. The highest phytoplankton density recorded was 4,89,578 cell no./l at station D. Samples from the bloom showed higher specific phytoplankton absorption coefficient [a*_c(λ)]than other stations. a*_c(435) varied from 4.11 to 5.68 m2mg-1 and a*_c(665) from 1.45 to 1.80 m2mg-1. A survey on purseseine fishery showed a higher pelagic catch in close proximity to the bloom area during this period. Further investigation of absorption properties of blooms using remote sensing at complex case II waters is needed to interpret bio-optical properties as well as fisheries. The present study is the first attempt of this kind off Cochin coast.}

6 illus, 1 table, 19 ref

006603   Barman R C;Vasudevappa C;Kar D;Dana S S (NO, National Fisheries Development Board, Hyderabad-52) : Impact of psychological variables on the community-based floodplain wetlands (Beels) fisheries management practices. J Inld Fish Soc India 2013, 45(2), 40-6.

Study was conducted in four wetlands (Beds) of Assam to assess the impact of two psychological predictor variables namely 'management capabilities of Beel Development Committee, X₁ and 'involvement of NGOs' X₂ on 'knowledge levels of Beel users' on community-based fisheries management'Y. The study revealed that both the predictor variables X₁ and X₂ were significantly (r =0.21** and 0.49** respectively) associated (P<60>0.01) with knowledge levels of Beel users on community-based fisheries management (Y). Moreover, between these two variables, involvement of NGOs (X₂) was found to be the most significantly contributing variable on the dependent variable (Y).

4 tables, 17 ref

006602   Anjanayappal H N;Benakappa S;Shivaprakash S M;Somashekara S R;Naik A S K;Jitendra Kumar;Mahesh V (Fisheries Resources and Management Dep, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences Univ, College of Fisheries, Mangalore-575 002, Email: anjanayappahn@rediffmail.com) : Breeding periodicity of the mullet, Liza macrolepis from Mangalore waters. Trends Biosci 2013, 6(2), 170-5.

Studies on breeding periodicity of Liza macrolepis inhabiting Mangalore waters indicated that this species spawns only once in a year over a period extending from June to November with a peak during July to August. Data on the size at first maturity of Liza macrolepis using cumulative frequency method showed that male attained first maturity at 223.64 mm T.L., while the female at 236.36 mm T.L. Male always recorded lower Gonado-Somatic Index (GSI) values than female due to higher ovary weight compared to testis. The GSI values were high during June to November with peaks in July and August indicating the spawning period of this fish. The fecundity of fish ranged from 1, 22,278 to 6, 74,232 eggs, with an average of 2, 84,146 eggs. Log linear relationships were established between fecundity and total length, fecundity and body weight of the fish as well as fecundity and gonad weight. The sex-ratio of male to female was 1:0.85. There was an overall male dominance in the population.

3 illus, 5 tables, 9 ref

006601   Ali S M;Jain G C (Zoology Dep, Rajasthan Univ, Jaipur-302 004, Email: jain_gc@yahoo.co.in) : Hypolipidemic potential of Bacopa monniera in cholesterol fed rats. Trends Biosci 2013, 6(2), 206-9.

In the study the effect of 70% ethanolic extract of Bacopa monniera Linn. (Scrophulariaceae) whole plant was evaluated on serum and hepatic lipid profiles of hyperlipidemic rats. Experimental hyperlipidemia was induced by feeding cholesterol (500 mg/kg b.wt./day) suspended in coconut oil for 60 days. Feeding with cholesterol resulted in a significant (P<60>0.001) increase in total cholesterol, triglycerides and phosphotipid levels in serum and liver of rats. Serum LDL-cholesterol was also raised significantly (P<60>0.001). Serum HDL-cholesterol remained significantly unchanged. However, the HDL-cholesterol: total cholesterol ratio declined compared to normal rats. Co-administration of B. monniera extract (100, 250 and 500 mg/kg b.wt.) for 60 ays significantly prevented the cholesterol induced rise in the levels of all those parameters in serum and liver dose dependently. The amount of fecal cholesterol excretion was significantly (P<60>0.05) higher than that rats fed with cholesterol alone. The results of the present investigation suggest that B. monniera extract possesses hypolipidemic activity and could be beneficial in management of hyperlipidemia.

3 illus, 26 ref

006600   Agarwal A;Khan R (Zoology Dep, School of Life Sciences, Khandari Campus, Dr. B.R.Ambedkar University, Agra-282 003, Email: bajahidtrue@gmail.com) : Impact of vitamin E and C on nitrogen dioxide gas induced alteration in blood coagulation factors of male Albino rat. J Cell Tissue Res 2014, 14(2), 4283-5.

The effect of nitrogen dioxide exposure (50ppm) and role of vitamins E (2.5mg/rat) and vitamin C (5mg/rat) supplementation in combination on coagulation factors have been reported inmale albino rats. An increase in coagulation factors viz. Prothombintime (PT), Partial thromboplastin time (PTT), Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), Thrombin time (TT) and platelet count (PLT), while decrease in fibrinogen deficiency plasma (FDP) level was reported after supplementation of vitamin E and C in comparison to nitrogen dioxide gas exposed rats. Present study suggests that administration of vitamin E and vitamin C in combination shows protective and beneficial effect to blood coagulation factors of albino rats against nitrogen dioxide gas toxicity.

1 table, 18 ref

006599   Aftabuddin M D;Hassan M A (NO, Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal-700 120) : Nutrient enrichment potential of floating aquatic macrophyte, Eichhornia crassipes. J Inld Fish Soc India 2013, 45(2), 8-13.

Impact of different growth stages of water hyacinth on its decomposition loss of biochemical nutrients and enrichment of essential nutrients in ambient water was assessed. Maximum loss of biomass (59.91 ±1.5%), organic matter (60.1 ± 1.07%) and crude protein (70.72 ± 1.06%) and lowest loss of mineral matter (57.02 ± 0.2%) was observed in decomposing brown leaf litter. Among green leaf litter, senescent stage showed significantly lower loss of mass (35.17 ± 2.74%), organic matter (31.23 ± 1.62%) and crude protein (47.11 ± 1.65%) as compared to young ones. The sequence of loss of biochemical components for all leaf litter was crude protein > ash > organic matter. pH increased by 0.3 unit in both young green and senescent green plant with no changes in brown decomposing stage. Higher enrichment of ambient water in term of specific conductivity, available nitrogen and dissolved organic matter for both types of green than decomposing brown litter to a tune of 3.2-3.37,4.3 and 4.26-4.87 fold as of initial value, respectively. Soluble reactive phosphorus enrichment was highest in decomposing brown litter followed by senescent green with no change for young green stage.

1 illus, 2 tables, 25 ref

005527   Yadav A;Manoj Kumar;Chauhan A K S (Zoology Dep, Narain P.G. College, Shikohabad) : Biology of tobacco caterpillar (Spodoptera litura Fab.) on different host plants. Asian J Anim Sci 2014, 9(1), 111-12.

The biology of tobaco caterpillar (Spodoptera litura Fab.) was studied on ten diferent hosts. On the basis of larval period, larval weight, pupal period, pupal weight, survival per cent, sex ratio, ovipositon period, incubation period, fecundity, growth and development index values, the cauliflower host was found as the most prefered host (growth index 8.79, development index 3.2, per cent survival 74.6, larval period 1.0 day, pupal period 10.25 and pupal weight 37.0 Mg) folowed by cabage growth index 5.84, development index 2.6 and survival per cent 71.3. Pea, spinach, tobaco were found least prefered hosts and had retarding efects on the growth and development of tobaco caterpilar (Spodoptera litura Fab.) resulting in a prolonged larval period, least survival per cent, minimum larval and pupal weight and growth and development indices.

1 table, 4 ref

005526   Vinod B H;Pavan Kumar N B A;Gireesh-Babu P; Chaudhari A (Aquaculture Dep, College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Scienc, Mangalore-575 002, Email: achaudhari67@gmail.com) : Genetic characterisation and molecular identification of two morphologically similar species of whiting, Sillago sihama (Forsskal, 1775) and Sillago vincenti McKay, 1980. Indian J Fish 2013, 60(2), 59-65.

Two morphologically similar species of whiting, Sillago sihama and Sillago vincenti were genetically characterised on the basis of their RAPD profiles, 12s and 16s rDNA sequences and their PCR-RFLP profiles. The RAPD profiles, developed by three random primers, OPA-12, OPB-12 and OPF-17, revealed 52.63% polymorphic loci in S. vincenti and 31.58% in S. sihama. The average genetic diversity within species (H_s) was 0.188±0.1574 and G_st (coefficient of gene differentiation) was 0.4397. Average genetic divergence between species was 0.4397, as expected for two different species of a genus. Partial 12s and 16s rDNA sequences were amplified and sequenced from both species, using primers reported previously for brackishwater fish species. Distance measure showed more differences between the 12s rDNA sequences (D=0.135) compared to the 16s rDNA (D= 0.0742). Digestion of 12s rDNA amplicon with Hind III and digestion of 16s rDNA with Sma I generated distinct PCR-RFLP profiles for the two species and that can be used for the identification of the species.

2 illus, 4 tables, 29 ref

005525   Vaitheeswaran T (Research and Development, Quality Control, Dep of New Drug Discovery (Marine Division), RARBIO Energies Private Limited, Chennai-600 095, Email: frs69@rediffmail.com) : A new record of the squat lobster munidopsis cylindrophthalma (alcock, 1894), (crustacea: anomura: galatheidae) off thoothukudi coast of gulf of mannar (08° 35' 22.5" N lat. 78° 27' 40.9" E long and 08° 31' 91.2" N lat. 78° 25' 32.7"E). Indian J vet Anim Sci Res 2014, 43(3), 243-9.

The squat lobster, Munidopsis cylindrophthalma (Alcock, 1894) was recorded for the first time from the Indian main land coast while investigating the biodiversity of the squat lobster of Gulf of Mannar during April, 2013. One specimen of the said species was collected as an incidental by-catch in the deep sea trawl fisheries off Thoothukudi coast of Gulf of Mannar, between 08° 35' 22.5" N lat. 78° 27' 40.9" E long and 08° 31' 91.2" N lat. 78° 25' 32.7"E long at a depth of 305-310 m. The present records show its extended distribution from Gulf of Mannar to east of Andamans and further to South China Sea.

4 illus, 27 ref

005524   Tiwari A;Dwivedi A C;Shukla D N (Bharghava Laboratory, Botany Dep, Allahabad Univ, Allahabad, Email: ashishtiwari.aubot@gmail.com) : Level of heavy metals Cu, Cr, Pb and Zn inalien fish species, Cyprinus carpio from the gomti river at Sultanpur, India. Asian J Bio Sci 2013, 8(2), 255-8.

Now-a-days, bioaccumulation of toxic metals in aquatic animals causes serious threats to the human health when they are consumed. This study was carried out to assess the concentration of various heavy metals and their distribution in organ of Cyprinus carpio from the Gomti river at Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh during 2011-2012. The heavy metals copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) were determined in liver, gill and muscle using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The analysis of heavy metals was measured with order, in liver Pb <62> Cr <62> Cu <62> Zn, in gill Pb <62>Cr<62> Zn <62> Cu and in muscle Zn <62> Cr <62> Pb<62> Cu. Maximum level of heavy metals were observed in liver compared to gill and muscle. The presence of heavy metal in our environment has been of great concern because of their toxicity when their concentrations are more than the permissible level.

3 tables, 22 ref

005523   Sheeba Anitha Nesakumari C;Thirunavukkarasu N (Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology Dep, Dr. Ambedkar Government Arts College, Chennai-600 039, Email: marinethiru@gmail.com) : Food and feeding behaviour of mud crab Scylla tranquebarica (Fabricius, 1798). Indian J vet Anim Sci Res 2014, 43(3), 229-35.

Diet of mud crab S. tranquebarica consists of crustaceans, mollusks, fish remains, detritus, debris and undigested flesh. Quantitative analysis of the gut contents contributed 53.18% crustaceans, 24.69% molluscan remains, 16.91% fish remains and 3.02% & 1.23% of detritus and debris respectively. The study indicated that this species is primarily predators of sessile and slow moving benthic macro invertebrates. The presence of detritus, debris and undigested flesh items in the stomachs suggested that the crabs are detritivorous consuming fresh and decaying flesh of all kinds. The sex wise and size wise of diet in these crabs may be largely due to relative abundance of prey species in the habitat or related to change in cheliped strength and foraging behaviour.

1 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref

005522   Sahu B K;Panigrahy R C (Marine Sciences Dep, Berhampur Univ, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur-760 007, Email: birajkumar@gmail.com) : Jellyfish bloom along the south Odisha coast, Bay of Bengal. Curr Sci 2013, 104(4), 410-11.

^ssc1 illus, 12 ref

005521   Sahayak S;Joshi K K;Sanil N K (NO, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682 018, Email: joshyguru@gmail.com) : Morphological characteristics of selected body parts of trigger fishes (Tetradontiformes, Balistidae) from India with details on ultrastructural features of body scales. Indian J Fish 2013, 60(2), 49-58.

The morphological characters like shape of teeth, nasal apertures, gill rakers and scales of trigger fishes collected from southern India were studied during the period 2000-2002. Based on the shape of the first and second teeth of the upper and lower jaw, five types have been identified. The anterior nasal aperture has different shapes, which is species specific but the posterior aperture is similar in all species. Based on the shape of the anterior nasal aperture, five types have been identified. The outermost branchial arch possesses gill rakers and based on shape they are divided into five types. Scales on body and caudal peduncle are diamond shaped, whereas scales on cheek are rhomboid, rectangular, square or triangular occurring in different combinations. The arrangement of scales on body, abdomen and caudal peduncle were similar in all the species studied while scales are arranged in three patterns on cheek. Scales on cheek are of seven types based on shape of the scale and type of protuberances it possessed on the posterior margin. Body scales are of five types and scales on abdomen are of three types. Transverse section of body scales under the scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that the scales consist of four layers. Studies on the ultrastructure of the anterior margin of the body scales revealed that there are five types; based on the type of protuberances it possesses and there are of four types of posterior margin.

10 illus, 19 ref

005520   Prajapati R;Gandhia M (Aquatic Biology Dep, Veer Narmad South Gujarat Univ, Surat, Gujarat, Email: rcprajapati308@gmail.com) : Histopathological changes in the gill of Labeo rohita (Hamilton) exposed to cypermethrin. Asian J Anim Sci 2014, 9(1), 88-91.

Cypermethrin is a widely used selective pesticide. Due persistent character, it is present in the surface waters, contaminating non-target organisms including fish. In the present study, fingerlings of Labeo rohita were exposed to a sublethal concentration (0.03 pm) of Cypermethrin upto eight days of exposure. The histopathological changes in the gil tisue like mucus secretion, fusion of secondary gill lamelae, damage in central cord, lamelar aneurism, vacuolization, were noticed.

6 illus, 11 ref

005519   Prajapati K (Zoology Dep, Bhavan's Sheth R.A. College of Science, Khanpur, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, Email: kim_prajapati@yahoo.co.in) : Birds of Indroda Nature Park, Gandhinagar. Asian J Anim Sci 2014, 9(1), 78-80.

In emerging town Gandhinagar, Indroda Nature Park (INP) is a lush gren semi-forest area which atracts god numbers of visitors. Throughout the study period, total 71 bird species belonging to 29 familes were recorded. Mean population of birds goes down during monson and winter. It was maximum during early summer and remains stable up to summer. Density of birds in the study area recorded 06 that were considered por. During the study period, total 31 per cent of migratory bird and 69 per cent local species were recorded at study area. Bird diversity index recorded was -0.767. Some specific bird like Oriental White-eye and Asian Paradise Flycatcher are key species found in such kind of habitat. Forest ecosystem may be a rot cause for high species richnes. Out of 29 familes observed, largest bird species represented by corvidae folowed by sylvidae and paseridae. Columbidae and muscicapidae represented five species each. Ardeidae represented four species and rest of the familes just represented by one to thre species.

2 illus, 17 ref

005518   Prajapati K (Zoology Dep, Bhavan's Sheth R.A. College of Science, Khanpur, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, Email: kim_prajapati@yahoo.co.in) : Habitat preference of urban birds. Asian J Anim Sci 2014, 9(1), 18-22.

Birds have preferences while selecting a habitat. Habitat may be defined as the place where an organism lives or the place where one would go to find it. In the present study, it was found that birds utilze each of the habitat in diferent ways depending upon what aspect of their equirement was met there. 45 uncommon bird species with low population at four diferent study areas were selected for habitat study. Bird showed habitat preferences. The various habitats under study were used by birds for diferent purposes, some for feding or nesting, other for osting or perching, or even as temporary resting place while pasing through. Data on the habitat requirements of a species could be useful for predicting the efects of habitat alteration due to human or natural communites. Habitat preference of a species might limit its dispersal and subsequent colonization. It is presumed that species restricted to a habitat would be relatively infrequent in a geographical area and its geographical range would be restricted. Its presence depends on the ocurence of a specific habitat in that area. On the other hand, generalist species would be common, occuring over a large area.

1 illus, 7 ref

005517   Poonguzhali T V;Laali Nisha J L L (Botany Dep, Queen Mary's College, Chennai-600 004, Email: pooqmc@gmail.com) : Larvicidal activity of two seaweeds, Enteromorpha flexuosa J. agardh and Gracilara corticata J. agardh against mosquito vector, Anopheles stephensi. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2013, 10(1), 333-7.

Anopheles mosquito is also capable of transmitting filarial worms, various arboviruses, onyong-nyong, tataguine, equine encephalitis, as well as other viruses, but malaria is unquestionably the most threatening disease. It has also resulted in the development of resistance, undesirable effects on non-target organisms and fostered environmental and human health concern, which initiated a search for alternative control measures. The bioinsecticides are generally pest-specific, readily biodegradable and usually lack toxicity to higher animals. This study was undertaken to investigate the larvicidal potential of the two different seaweeds Enteromorpha flexuosa J. Agardh and Gracilara corticata J. Agardh against the medically important species of malaria vector Anopheles. Of the two algae screened G. corticata was found to effective against the larva A.stephensi. It is concluded that the seaweeds such as E.flexuosa and G. Corticata serves as an excellent biopotent, which can be exploited for larvicidal property and can be cultivated in the coastal areas of the South East Coast of India.

2 tables, 19 ref

005516   Pawar S B;Pawar D D;Jadhav G P (Zoology Dep, Dnyanopasak College, Parbhani, Maharashtra, Email: dr.shivaji_pawar@rediffmail.com) : Bio-chemical aspect of Proteocephalidean tapeworms in freshwater cat fish, Wallago attu (Blosch, Schneider, 1801). Asian J Anim Sci 2014, 9(1), 84-7.

The bio-chemical aspect of the cestode parasite is a unique growing field in the tropical and sub-tropical areas. The parasitc bio-chemistry having great importance in the chemotherapy and vacine production, and a understanding of the complex asociation involved in the host parasite relationship. However, the information in regards with the bio-chemistry is unlimited. Proteocephalidean tapeworms are the most pathogenic in freshwater fish Walago atu. The present investigation deals with the bio-chemistry (Protein, Glycogen and fats) of proteocephalidean parasites in freshwater predatory fish, Walago atu (Blosch and Schneider, 1801).

1 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

005515   Patial P;Arvinder Kaur (NO, Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata-700 120, Email: patialpankaj24@rediffmail.com) : Effect of dye AR-97 on developing embryos of Cirrhinus mrigala. Ecol Envir Conserv 2013, 19(3), 839-42.

Effect of azo dye AR-97 on embryos of Cirrhinus mrigala was studied by static bioassay tests with daily renewal of test water. Embryos were exposed at early blastula stage and 96 hour LC₅₀ of dye was worked out to be 31.51 mgL^{-1. An increase in hatching time was observed with increase in concentration of dye. Maximum hatching time was 17.50 hours in control water and 38 hours in 50 mgL-1 concentrations of dye. In higher concentrations of dye hatchlings could not break the egg membrane and died unhatched. Hatchlings showed abnormalities like curved tail, ruptured yolk sac and improper development of head, eyes and tail. Percentage occurrence of abnormalities in hatchings increased with increasing concentrations of dye. Behavioral changes like restlessness, erratic movement, lateral swimming and hanging intensity were observed in hatchlings. SAR values of dye shows that dye in concentration higher than 1.939 mgL-1 is not safe for disposal. This study necessitates the treatment of dye before release into water bodies.}

1 table, 17 ref

005514   Mohamed K S;Sathianandan T V;Kripa V;Zacharia P U (NO, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, PO Box 1603, Kochi-682 018, Email: ksmohamed@vsnl.com) : Puffer fish menace in Kerala: a case of decline in predatory control in the Southeastern Arabian sea. Curr Sci 2013, 104(4), 426-9.

3 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

005513   Meenashi S;Prabakaran V (Zoology P.G and Research Dep, Government Arts College, Karur, Email: meenashi73@gmail.com ) : Effect of induced stress in silkworm and assessment of molecular mechanism of heat shock protein. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2013, 15(2), 291-7.

Bombyx mori L(Lepidoptera Bombycid) which feed on mulberry leaves are widely used for silk production. The Bombyx mori is one of the most thermal sensitive organisms. Heat shock proteins were presumed to ensure survival under stressful conditions by involvement in damage protection or damage repair due to their action as molecular chaperons. Heat shock proteins (HSP) are expressed in response to various biological stresses, including heat, pressure and UV radiations. The effect of heat shock in the whole larvae on various physiological parameters and proteins of haemolymph were analyzed and it was found that the appearance of 90,73,65,44 and 37 kda protein were assessed. Among which 90 kda protein is prominently seen in the haemolymph samples. An analysis of gut epithelium of the normal Bombyx mori revealed the presence of microorganisms such as Bacillus, Lactobacillus and Staphylococcus sp where as the diseased gut epithelium revealed the presence of Salmonella, Serratia and Cornybacterium. The predominant fungal isolates such as Aspergillus niger, Penicillin and Aspergillus orizae were identified in the gut epithelium of silkworm. Further molecular characterization by 16SrRNA revealed the genes of the isolates showed 780 bp DNA fragments by PCR amplification.

5 illus, 11 ref

005512   Manoj Dhanraj K;Veerakumari L (Zoology PG and Research Dep, Pachaiyapp's College, Chennai-600 030, Email: kmdmanoj@gmail.com) : In vitro effect of Syzygium aromaticum on the motility and acetylcholinesterase of cotylophoron cotylophorum. Indian J vet Anim Sci Res 2014, 43(3), 187-94.

Helminth parasites cause a wide variety of debilitating and frequently fatal diseases in animals. Paramphistomosis caused by the paramphistome Cotylophoron cotylophorum constitutes a major group of disease in domestic ruminants. The anthelmintic activity of Syzygium aromaticum on the motility and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of the digentic trematode Cotylophoron cotylophorum was studied in vitro. The flukes were exposed to various concentrations of hexane, choloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol extract of Syzygium aromaticum and the motility and mortality of the parasite were observed. As ethanol extract was very effective, further studies were carried out with five different sub lethal concentrations (0.005,0.01,0.5, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/ml) of ethanol extract of Syzygium aromaticum (SaEE). The electronic measurement of the motility of the treated parasites clearly indicate the direct impact of the drugs on the motility of the parasite. Maximum inhibition in the motility (86.27%) and AChE activity (86.86%) was observed in 0.5 mg/ml after 8h of exposure. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an enzyme which is involved in neurotransmission. It is present in the cholinergic synapses in the central nervous system as well as in neuromuscular synapses where it rapidly hydrolyzes acetylcholine. Inhibition of AChE in the parasite results in muscular paralysis and the parasite lose its biochemical hold fast and get expelled from the host.

2 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

005511   Laskar B A;Rawat J S;Dasgupta M;Biswas S P; Sarma D;Das D N (Biotechnology Dep, Assam (Central) Univ, Silchar Assam-788 011) : Strategy of Mahseer fish (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae) conservation: a case study in Arunachal Pradesh, India. Ecol Envir Conserv 2013, 19(3), 763-8.

There is lack of protection measures and scientific management activities for fishes in the Protected Areas of North-East India. Owing to increased anthropogenic and climatic distress, the Mahseer fishes are declining at an alarming rate in their native distribution areas. This communication focuses a conservation application through introduction of two very important species of the valued Indian Mahseer in an upland lake Mehao. The study highlights the scope and potential of such undisturbed and vast water bodies for long-run conservation of threatened/endangered fishes particularly the indigenous Mahseer, through rehabilitation. The results of the study provoke the recognition of the lake as "Mahseer reserve" in order to pay management attention in the lake.

3 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

005510   Koul S;Kour D N;Sahi D N (Zoology Dep, Jammu Univ, Jammu-180 006) : Evaluation of reproductive success in red wattled lapwing (Vanellus indicus) in two diverse habitats of Jammu (J&K). Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2013, 10(1), 397-401.

The present study is an attempt to analyse the reproductive success in Red Wattled Lapwing (Vanellus indicus) belonging to Order Charadriiformes, by comparing two nesting sites in Jammu. The nesting sites taken under consideration were open agricultural fields and the top of flat roofed buildings. The breeding season ranged from March to August with average clutch size of 3.53 ± 0.56 eggs (n=30) and an incubation period of 28-30 days. The most preferred site for nesting was found to be agricultural fields near some water source because of availability of food. In agricultural fields due to drying up of water source during peak summer, the scarcity in food resources for the young ones was noted thereby leading to the mortality of young ones of Red Wattled Lapwing, whereas it was also observed that on roof tops, eggs or hatchlings were easily predated by predators like monitor and the young ones were not able to land safely on the ground from such a height which caused their death.

2 illus, 3 tables, 13 ref

005509   Kizhakudan J K;Kizhakudan S J;Patel S K (NO, Madras Research Centre of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, 75, Santhome High Road RA. Puram, Chennai-600 028, Email: jkkizhakudan@gmail.com) : Growth and moulting in the mud spiny lobster, Panulirus polyphagus (Herbst, 1793). Indian J Fish 2013, 60(2), 79-86.

Growth rates in the mud spiny lobster, Panulirus polyphagiis held in captivity were assessed and compared with growth estimates derived from length composition of these lobsters in trawl landings at Veraval, north-west coast of India. The von Bertalanffy's growth parameters 'L_∞' and 'K' derived for male P. polyphagus were 135 mm (carapace length, CL) and 0.46 y^{-1 in the wild and 144.8 mm (CL) and 0.51 y-1 in captivity. The values derived for female P. polyphagus were 124.7 mm (CL) and 0.38 y-1 in the wild and 119 mm (CL) and 0.43 y-1 in captivity. There was a clear difference in the growth curves of males and females in captivity and in the natural habitat. The VBGF curves indicated that males had a better growth output than females, both in the wild and in captivity. Juvenile lobsters exhibited higher moulting frequency, with the intermoult period increasing steadily as CL increased. Increments in CL at each moult showed significant correlation with increasing CL in both males and females. The rate of growth was found to decrease with age in both sexes. In males there was renewed burst of growth after the attainment of sexual maturity (65-75 mm CL) but beyond 80 mm CL, the growth was steady. In females however, there was drastic reduction in growth rates in the 63-68 mm CL range, and it steadied at 70-80 mm CL when the breeding and rematuration processes are more prominent in its life cycle.}

11 illus, 22 ref

005508   Gayathri D S;Harini B (Centre for Applied Genetics, Bangalore Univ, Jnana Bharathi, Bangalore-560 056, Email: bpharini@yahoo.co.in) : Effect of phenytoin n development and life-history traits of Drosophila melanogaster. Curr Sci 2013, 104(4), 508.

Phenytoin is an antiepileptic drug which has been used in the present study to assess its effect on developmental toxicity from egg to adult eclosion and also life-history traits in Drosophila melanogaster. Flies were reared on media supplemented with different doses of phenytoin. The dose-dependent developmental delay, reduced pupal and adult size reduced adult eclosions, minimum larval, adult mortality, but significant pupal mortality was observed with incomplete pupal eclosion. The data show reduction in fecundity for life-history traits, but differences are not statistically significant for fertility and lifespan. The present study reveals that on exposure to phenytoin pre-adult stages are prone to developmental toxicity than the treated adult.

5 illus, 4 tables, 35 ref

005507   Gadhia M;Prajapati R (Aquatic Biology Dep, Veer Narmad South Gujarat Univ, Surat, Gujarat, Email: rcprajapati308@gmail.com) : Static bioassay and behavioural responses of cypermethrin on freshwater teleost, Labeo rohita. Asian J Anim Sci 2014, 9(1), 74-7.

Static renewal bioasay test was conducted to determine the toxicity of pyrithroid Cypermethrin (10% EC) insecticide on a freshwater teleost (Labeo rohita). Fishes were exposed to various concentrations of Cypermethrin for 96 h and the per cent mortality was recorded. The LC₅₀ value was found to be 0.06 pm. Behavioural changes were observed in fish exposed to lethal concentrations exhibitng eratic and darting movements with imbalanced swimming.

1 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

005506   Funde A B;Naik S D;Pawar A S;Sadawarte R K (NO, ICAR Research Complex, Goa-403 402, Email: archana114@rediffmail.com ) : Mudcrabs (family: Portunidae) of the South Konkan coast of Maharashtra, India. Ecol Envir Conserv 2013, 19(3), 725-30.

Among the crustaceans, mudcrabs are considered as the important seafood item for aquaculture in Southeast Asian countries due to their esteemed delicacy, medicinal value and demand for local and export trades. Therefore extensive systematic analysis has been carried out on them based on their morphology, meristics, mandible structure, myotaxonomy studies etc. In all two species belonging to the genera, Scylla could be recognised along the south Konkan coast of Maharashtra. Two species of Scylla have been extensively described along with information on their synonyms, common English and local Marathi names and gear used, material examine, diagnosis, fresh colouration, remarks/ affinity etc.

9 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

005505   Fahmy G H;Abdel-Karim A E;Ibrahim S A (Faculty of Science, Zoology Dep, Alexandria Univ, Alexandria, Egypt, Email: jfahmi@kfu.edu.sa) : Changes in glycogen content during fin regeneration. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2013, 10(1), 151-66.

Regeneration is the replacement of the lost parts. Amputation was carried out through the ventral and the pelvic fin at a proximal level of Oreochromisaureus. The regeneration process has been divided into five continuous stages: wound healing, dedifferentiation stage, blastema formation stage, early and late redifferentiation and growth stages. The regenerating system was completely formed histologically by about fifteen days post-amputation. During this stage the fin grew by increasing the number of segments, rather than by increasing the length of skeletal elements. By the thirtieth day postamputation, the fin regenerate illustrated the entire histological pattern of fin regeneration. Then the growth of the regenerating fins continued by addition of new lepidotrichial segments to the end of the fin, reaching approximately the normal length and size by the forty-five day. The steady increase of glycogen content in the regenerating fins, reaching its highest level at the early redifferentiation stage met the problem of energetics, much needed during this active proliferated phase. In addition, the decrease in the glycogen content in the liver and muscles during the early phases of regeneration was indicative of the increased energy demands associated with the process of regeneration in the fish body as a whole.

7 illus, 3 tables, 67 ref