008723   Seraphim E R (Zoology Dep, Institute of Science, Nagpur-440 033, Email: denisjovial@yahoo.co.in) : Histological changes in the thyroid gland during the female reproductive cycle in Hipposideros lankadiva (kelaart). Asian J expl Sci 2013, 27(11), 1-4.

The present investigation was undertaken to compare the histological changes in thyroid gland of female reproductive cycle of Hipposideros lankadiva (Kelaart). Thyroid gland showed marked seasonal variation in weight, quantity of colloid and follicular epithelial height, suggesting that the thyroid gland remains inactive during quiescence and winter dormancy and it became active during the time of recrudescence and the remaining breeding behavior is similarly to the testicular cycle. Plasma thyroxin (T4) concentration showed a significant seasonal change with high concentration during the breeding and post-breeding period and low concentration during quiescence. The observations confirm that during diapauses the thyroid gland show hypothyroid condition. Probably the stored colloid material is used by bat after the arousal from torpor as embryonic development gains momentum. It is suggested that the increase in the consumption of colloid material after arousal from torpor is due to hypermetabolism which might be the requirement of feto-placental unit in the pregnant animal. Although, the hypothyroidism is associated with infertility, sterility and abnormal in bats. The present study records that it may also be related to embryonic diapause and slow growth of embryo in H. lankadiva.

8 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

008722   Safaie M;Kiabi B;Pazooki J;Shokri M R (NO, Faculty of Biological Science, Shahid Beheshit Univ, G C PO. Box 1983963113, Tehram, Iran, Email: msn_safaie@yahoo.com) : Growth parameters and mortality rates of the blue swimming crab, Portunus segins (Forskal, 1775) in coastal waters of persian gulf and gulf of Oman, Iran. Indian J Fish 2013, 60(1), 9-13.

Population parameters of the blue swimming crab, Portunus segnis in coastal waters of the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman (Hormozgan Province) were estimated using the swept area method. Sampling was carried out monthly from May 2010 to October 2011. The carapace width and weight relationship demonstrated that growth in both sexes is allometric (p<60>0.05). The asymptotic carapace width (CW_∞) was estimated as 191 mm for males and 185 mm for females. The growth parameter K was calculated as 1.7 yr^{-1 for males and 1.6 yr-1 for females. The total mortality, natural mortality and fishing mortality rates were estimated as 5.97, 1.47 and 4.50 for males and 3.94, 1.42 and 2.52 for females, respectively. The exploitation rate was 0.75 for males and 0.64 for females.}

6 illus, 4 tables, 14 ref

008721   Sadique M;Das B K;Maiti P K (Fish Health Management Div, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar-751 002, Email: basantadas@yahoo.com) : Optimization of culture of peripheral blood leukocytes of Channa punctatus. Biochem Cell Archs 2013, 13(1), 111-17.

Interleukin 2 (IL-2), the first signaling cytokine plays a crucial role in immunomodulatory processes involving functional T lymphocytes. In the present study, peripheral blood leucocytes (PBLs) were taken from the blood of snakehead fish (Channa punctatus) by using Percoll and Ficoll gradient solution and were cultured in vitro in different culture media. The PBLs were stimulated with mitogens like PHA, ConA and PMA to elevate the level of IL-2 in the culture supernatant. IL-2 activity was assayed and growth kinetics was observed to be comparatively more in PMA induced leucocytes. IL-2 was purified to homogeneity by Ion exchange chromatography. Characterization of the isolates of IL-2 produced by the activated culture supernatants of leucocytes was carried out by through ELISA and SDS PAGE. The molecular weight of IL-2 was found to be 30 kDa by SDS PAGE. Purified IL-2 was characterized by ELISA using human IL-2 detection kit and found to be reactive to snake head fish IL-2. Study on the molecule suggests mitogens induction also produced IL2 like other fish and a role in the immunoregulatory processes even in the evolutionary level of Piscian model.

7 illus, 35 ref

008720   Sachidanandamurthy K L;Madhuranath B N; Chethan B K (Zoology Dep, Maharani's Science College for Women, Mysore-570 005, Email: sachi_kl@rediff.com) : Length-weight relationship and condition factor of two carp species in Shettikere Lake of Mysore, India. Pollut Res 2013, 32(1), 21-4.

Length-Weight relationship and condition factor of two commercially important freshwater carp species viz; Catla catla and Labeo rohita were studied during different seasons, spreading over twenty months, to find out whether the carps cultured in Shettikere lake show normal allometric growth or not. The value of exponent 'b' in the equation W= aL^{b were 1.5 to 2.71 and 1.6 to 2.15 for Catla catla and Labeo rohita respectively. The subnormal growth of these fishes were also reflected in their relative condition factor, which remained less than 1 during the entire study period.}

2 tables, 16 ref

008719   Remya R;Vivekanandan E;Manjusha U;Nair P G (NO, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, P.B. No. 1603, Kochi-682 018, Email: remyarraj@gmail.com) : Seasonal Variation in the diet of the Indian oilsardine, sardinella longiceps valenciennes off Cochin, Kerala. Indian J Fish 2013, 60(1), 55-9.

Seasonal fluctuations in the food of the oilsardine Sardinella longiceps landed by ring seines from the inshore waters off Cochin were studied during 2010. S. longiceps is chiefly a plankton feeder with diatoms, dinoflagellates and zooplankton appearing in the diet in decreasing order of abundance. During pre-monsoon (February-May), Pleurosigma was present in 70% of the stomachs analysed followed by Thalassiosira, Biddulphia and Coscinodiscus. During monsoon season (June-September), 87.5% of the stomachs contained Coscinodiscus followed by Thalassiosira and Pyrophacus. During post-monsoon (October- January) again, the frequency of occurrence of Pleurosigma (74.2%) was higher followed by Biddulphia and Thalassiosira. Zooplankton, represented by tintinnids and copepods, were present in the diet throughout the year, but in relatively less number of stomachs. Higher feeding activity was observed during monsoon (June-September), which coincided with maximum spawning activity.

4 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

008718   Ray S;Pandey K C;Agrawal N (Zoology Dep, Lucknow Univ, Lucknow-226 007) : First record of metacercaria of a rare reptilian trematode Kaurma chatterji, 1936 from a gastropod Pila globosa swainson, near district Barabanki. Asian J expl Sci 2013, 27(11), 29-30.

Chatterji, 1936 established the genus Kaurma Chatterji, 1936 with E. longicirra as its type specis, for the adult trematodes, collected from the intestine of a freshwater turtle Emyda scutata Peters, 1868 of Rangoon and placed it under the family Allocreadiidae Stossich, 1904 and the subfamily Allocreadiinae Looss, 1899. During course of present investigations on the trematodes of snails of district Barabanki, several specimens (37) of Pila globosa Swainson examined, the gut of only four was found infected with the metacercarial stage of trematodes. A careful and thorough examination revealed them to be of the genus Kaurma Chatterji, 1936 as they bear all the characters of the adult, except the eggs. Gastropods, in general act as intermediate hosts in the life cycle of trematodes but records of metacercariae or adults in Pila globosa are not many in India [Anjaneyulu (1967), Murty (1970) andPandey (1973)]. The present contribution is second in its series by the present authors.

1 illus, 6 ref

008717   Ramesh R;Pal A K;Chakraborty S K; Venkateshwarlu G (NO, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg. Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (West) Mumbai-400 061, Email: venkaticar@rediffmail.com) : Variation in total lipid content and fatty acid comosition in the muscle of bombayduck Harpodon nehereus (Hamilton, 1992) with respect to size and season. Indian J Fish 2013, 60(1), 111-16.

In view of the increased importance of fish lipids owing to their human health beneficial effects, the total lipid content and fatty acid composition in the muscle of Bombayduck (Harpodon nehereus) of different sizes harvested in different seasons were studied. Among the three seasons studied, total muscle lipids were significantly (p<60>0.05) high during winter and low in monsoon season. In all the seasons, the increased lipid levels were noticed with increase in size. A significant variation in total lipid was observed with the lowest level (1.65 %) in small sized Bombayduck of monsoon season and the highest level (4.68 %) was observed in large sized fish caught in winter season. A total of 37 fatty acids encompassing n-3, n-5, n-6, n-7, n-9 and odd and branched chain fatty acids were characterised with relatively high levels (26.57 - 35.03%) of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and a favourable ratio (3 to 4.69) of n-3/n-6 PUFA demonstrating excellent nutritional quality of Bombayduck. Though the fatty acid composition was not influenced by the size of fish, the effect of season on fatty acid composition of Bombayduck was clearly established by principal component analysis.

1 illus, 1 table, 33 ref

008716   Rajendra I;Chakraborty K;Vijayan K K; Vijayagopal P (NO, Mandapam Regional Centre of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institut, Marine Fisheries P.O., Mandapam Camp, Ramanathapuram-623 520, Email: cmfrirajendran@gmail.com) : Bioactive sterol from the brown alga Anthophycus longifolius (Turner) Kutzing, 1849 (= Sargassum longifolium). Indian J Fish 2013, 60(1), 83-6.

Anthophycus longifolius (= Sargassum longifolium), a brown seaweed commonly found in the Gulf of Mannar region, south India was investigated for bioactive compounds against human as well as marine fish/shellfish pathogens. The fractionation of ethanolic extract by bioassay guided mode yielded two compounds by column chromatography. The compounds were spectrally characterised using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (^{1H NMR) and mass spectrometry as fucosterol and hexadec-4-enoic acid. These compounds were characterised for the first time from the alcoholic extract. The antibacterial activity of the compounds against human and aquaculture pathogens by disc diffusion method showed that hexadec-4-enoic acid was more antagonistic to Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio harveyii, Aeromonas hydrophilla and Pseudomonas fluorescens when compared to fucosterol.}

2 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

008715   Rahman M;Tripathi A;Chakraborty B (NO, Doranda College, Ranchi) : Histoenzymological distribution of acetylcholinesterase in the corpus cerebelli of two Indian air breathing teleosts. Asian J expl Sci 2013, 27(11), 31-5.

The study describes the distribution of acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) in the various layers of corpus cerebella of brain of two Indian air breathing teleost, Heteropneustes fossilis and Channa punctatus. The distribution pattern of enzyme showed uneven distribution of enzyme in all the three layers of corpus cerebelli. The outermost molecular layer (ML) in Heteropneustes fossilis showed fainted activity for AChE, while the Purkinje cells (PC) present in the intermediate layer exhibit strong cholinesterase positive reaction in their cell bodies. The inner granular layer (GL) also demonstrated intense reaction to AChE. However, the molecular layer (ML) and the inner granular layer of corpus cerebelli of Channa punctatus also showed strong intense reaction in comparison to Heteropneustes fossilis. The Purkinje cells in the intermediate layer exhibit mild or no activity. It is suggested that the variability of AChE distribution may perhaps deals with noncholinergic role in addition to its main cholinergic role.

2 illus, 1 table, 42 ref

008714   Puinyabati H;Shomorendra M;Kar D (Division of Wetlands, Fishery Science and Aquaculture, Life Science an, , Assam (Central) University) : Comparative study of helminth infection in Anabas testudineus (Bl.) collected from Chatla Haor of Assam and Awangsoi Lake of Manipur. Envir Ecol 2013, 31(2c), 1174-7.

The present study was carried out to identify helminth parasites of Anabas testudineus (Bloch) from two different wetlands namely Awangsoi Lake of Manipur and Chatla Haor of Assam to determine the prevalence and intensity of their infection in the host. Five species of helminth parasites were collected during the study period. All the five species were found in Awangsoi Lake while in Chatla Haor only one species was found. Infection of fish was low in Chatla Haor while it was high in Awangsoi Lake. There were concurrent infections of parasites in the fishes of Awangsoi Lake. This great difference may be due to availability of the food particles which may be the intermediate host of the fish parasites and life cycle of the parasites and the host.

3 tables, 36 ref

008713   Philipose K K;Sharma S R K;Loka J;Divu D; Sadhu N;Dube P (NO, Karwar Reseach Centre of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Karwar-581 301, Email: kkphilipose@gmail.com ) : Culture of Asian seabass (Lates Calcarifer, bloch) in open sea floating net cages off Karwar, South India. Indian J Fish 2013, 60(1), 67-70.

Cage farming of marine finfish is an alternative to meet increasing demand for food fish. Culture of Asian seabass in open sea floating net cages made of either HDPE or GI pipes, has been successfully demonstrated off Karwar, south India. Fish were fed with chopped oilsardine. Various growth parameters like average daily growth rate (ADGR), survival rate (SR), specific growth rate (SGR) and biomass index (BI) were estimated. Mean weight and length at the end of the 150 days experimental period was 1.02 kg and 412.05 mm respectively with a SR of 68.8%. The economics of cage farming was also worked out. The need to standardise stocking densities and feeding rate has been emphasised.

3 tables, 12 ref

008712   Philipose K K;Divu D;Sharma S R K;Vaidya N G; Sadhu N;Dube P N (NO, Karwar Research Centre of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Karwar-581 301, Email: kkphilipose@gmail.com ) : Length-weight relationship of Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer (Bloch) reared in open sea floating cages. Indian J Fish 2013, 60(1), 139-40.

Paper presents the length-weight relationship (LWR) parameters of Lates calcarifer reared in open sea floating cages off Karwar along the south-west coast of India. The relationship obtained in the present study was W = 0.000008299L^{3.088 which indicates that seabass reared in open sea floating cages in semi-intensive condition does not differ significantly in body appearance from their counterparts found in natural conditions. The growth of the fishes was found to be positively allometric.}

^ssc1 illus, 7 ref

008711   Panikkar P;Khan M F;Sharma A P;Jha B C; Vijaykumar M E (NO, Regional Centre of Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Hessarghata Lake Post, Bangalore-560 089, Email: preetha23@gmail,com) : Index of relative importance of diet components in Mastacembelus armatus (Lacepede, 1800) from Karapuzha Reservoir, Wayanad, Kerala, India. Indian J Fish 2013, 60(1), 37-40.

Dietary analysis of the spiny eel, Mastacembelus armatus showed that the fish subsisted mainly on small forage fishes. The gut contents were analysed using the frequency of occurrence, numerical counts and gravimetric methods. In addition to fishes, the gut content comprised prawns, insects, aquatic plants and digested matter. The index of relative importance (IRI) values indicated that fishes and prawns were the major diet components. Feeding intensity was high in the early maturity stages and was relatively lower in fishes with ripe gonads. The highest feeding intensity was observed during summer months and the lowest coincided with the monsoon months.

6 illus, 1 table, 32 ref

008710   Nie Z;Wu H;Wei J;Zhang X;Ma Z (NO, College of Animal Science, Tarim Univ, Alaer-843 300, P.R. China, Email: zhenhua.ma@hotmail.com) : Lenth-weight relationship and morphological studies in the kashgarian loach Triplophysa yarkandensis (Day, 1877) from the Tarim River, Tarim River Basin, North-West China. Indian J Fish 2013, 60(1), 15-19.

The Kashgarian loach Triplophysa yarkandensis is one of the rare freshwater species distributed in the Tarim River basin of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in north-west China. Biological information on this species is scarce. As a species caught in the traditional fisheries, the natural resources are nearly exhausted. Attempt to breed this species in captivity has not yet succeeded. The present study was undertaken to investigate selected biological aspects of the species. Truss morphometric measurements were used to assess the principal shape components of different sized T. yarkandensis. A total of 102 numbers of T. yarkandensis were collected from Alaer reach of Tarim River, Tarim River Basin. Wet weight (WO and body length (BL) were measured in the laboratory and the length-weight relationship was expressed as Wt = 0.0594xBL^{2.1669. Our study provides first biological reference to this species in Alaer Reach of Tarim River and the results will provide fundamental information for resource assessment as well as for taking up further aquaculture practices of this species.}

3 illus, 1 table, 31 ref

008709   Murugesan P;Silanbarasan A;Purusothaman S; Muthuvelu S;Anantharaj T (NO, Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marrine Science, Parangipettai-608 502, Email: pmurugesaan74@gmail.com) : Diversity of invertebrate trawl bycatch off Cuddalore, Parangipettai and Pazhayar, Southeast coast of india. Indian J Fish 2013, 60(1), 41-9.

Invertebrate diversity along the south-east coast of India is rich and varied. Though many studies with respect to finfish bycatch resources have been carried out during yesteryears, only scanty information is available on invertebrate bycatch from tropical waters. The importance of invertebrates caught in the trawl bycatch has been recognised only recently by the scientific community, as the utility of invertebrate bycatch is manifold. The present study was undertaken to investigate and generate information on the diversity and species richness of invertebrates landed as trawl bycatch in Cuddalore, Parangipettai and Pazhayar along the south-east coast of India. The study was undertaken in the inshore waters (5- 35 m depth) of Cuddalore, Parangipettai and Pazhayar during Feb 2010 - Jan 2011. Altogether 66 species of invertebrates in Cuddalore, 75 in Parangipettai and 76 in Pazhayar were recorded during the study. The percentage composition revealed that in Cuddalore and Parangipettai, brachyuran crabs were the dominant group (37% and 46% respectively) followed by cephalopods (35% and 31 % respectively), while in Pazhayar, gastropods dominanted (29%) followed by shrimps (24%) and other invertebrates were meagre. Diversity indices estimated showed variation between the regions. Shannon-Weiner diversity index ranged from 2.035 to 4.776; Margalef's richness index from 2.306 to 6.782; Pielou's evenness index varied from 0.488 to 0.957; taxonomic diversity varied from 45.08 to 83.53 and total phylogenetic diversity ranged from 733.33 to 1716.8.

6 illus, 1 table, 32 ref

008708   Mojjada S K;Joseph I;Rao P S;Mukharjee C K; Gosh S;Rao G S (NO, Veraval Regional Centre, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Matsya Bhawan, Bhidiya Plot Veraval-362-269, Email: sureshkumar.mjd@gmail.com) : Design development and construction of open sea floating cage device for breeding and farming marine fish in indian waters. Indian J Fish 2013, 60(1), 61-5.

The floating cage device described in the present study is the first of its kind in Indian seas and consists of a cylindrical floating cage structure along with suitable netting materials for mariculture of finfishes and shellfishes in open sea. The cage structure was made of high density polyethylene (HDPE) top support, inner and outer rings and a middle catwalk. The inner and outer collar had provisions for connecting outer predator, inner growout and bird nets. Catwalk in the middle served for regular cage management and safety of the workers. There were HDPE vertical and diagonal supports for the cage frame. Ballast was used at the bottom to maintain the shape of the cage. The total weight of the cage frame was 447.7 kg in air and 74.2 kg in water. The floatation force of the cage was 211.2 kg while the effective floatation force was 131.8 kg. The total weight of netting materials including rope was 46.7 kg in air and 5.2 kg in water. A floating net cage device of 6 m inner and 8 m outer collar dia with 6 m net depth and an effective inner volume of 169.7 m^{3 was designed and successfully tested in open sea, during the present study. The floating sea cage structure and nets were designed and standardised in such a way to suit the current and wave conditions of Indian seas.}

5 illus, 19 ref

008707   Mojjada S K;Dash B;Pattnaik P;Anbarasu M; Joseph I (NO, Veraval Regional Centre of Central Marine Fisheries Researh Institute, Matsya Bhawan, Bhidiya, Veraval-362 269, Email: sureshkumar.mjd@gmail.com) : Effect of stocking density on growth and survival of hatchery reared fry of Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer (Bloch) under captive conditions. Indian J Fish 2013, 60(1), 71-5.

One of the important factors determining the success in open sea floating cage farming is the availability of quality seeds of appropriate size. The commercially available hatchery produced seeds should be further reared to appropriate size before stocking in the sea cages. The Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer is an important candidate species for open sea floating cage culture. Availability of seeds of required size is an important bottleneck in the sea farming of this species. To address this issue, an experiment was conducted in 2007 off Visakhapatnam coast of India in the Bay of Bengal, to study the effect of different stocking densities on the growth and survival rate of hatchery reared seabass fry. Asian seabass fry with a mean total length of 23.9 ±3 mm and mean body weight of 0.45±0.05 g were stocked in 5 t FRP tanks with 3.5 t of filtered seawater, at three different stocking densities viz., 1000, 1500 and 2000 nos. m^{-3 in triplicate. The fishes were fed with commercial dry pellet feed (Godrej) at 6-8% of fish biomass. Feeding was done 6 times daily at 4 h intervals. The water quality parameters were monitored and maintained within the favorable ranges for seabass culture. The growth and survival under different stocking densities were monitored for a period of 90 days. Results observed from these experimental trials showed that the specific growth rate (SGR) was inversely proportional to that of the stocking density (p<60>0.05), and no significant variation was noticed in the survival rate. An overall biomass production of 1.11 kg day-1' was obtained at a high stocking of 2000 nos. m-3. The results of the experiment indicated that these high stocking density techniques with proper feeding and water quality management can be used to produce large numbers of seabass fingerlings of stockable size for open sea cage culture.}

3 illus, 1 table, 28 ref

008706   Komaljit Kaur;Sharma S;Sandeep Kaur (Zoology and Environmental Sciences Dep, Punjabi Univ, Patiala-147 002, Email: drsumansharma.15@rediffmail.com) : Methyl parathion induced histomorphological alterations and quantification of cell population in seminiferous tubules of albino mice. Biochem Cell Archs 2013, 13(1), 145-9.

Organophosphorous (OP) compounds are a broad group of chemicals widely used in agriculture as pesticides, in medicine as antihelminthics, in the airline industry as additives to hydraulic fluid and jet engine oil, and as chemical warfare agents. Thus, the possible toxicity of OP compounds to living organisms including human beings has aroused great concern. Methyl parathion is an OP pesticide classified as extremely toxic by WHO, and is being used in many countries to spray cotton, paddy fields, vegetables and fruits. The present study is planned to investigate the toxic effects of methyl parathion on testes of male albino mice. Animals were divided into three groups of six animals each. Group I animals were administered distilled water and served as control group. Group II and III animals were treated with acute doses of 1mg/kg body weight and 3mg/kg body weight of Methyl Parathion Intraperitoneally. Control and treated animals were sacrificed on 7,14,21 and 28 days post treatment. A decline in average weight of testes was observed from 1st interval of autopsy to the last interval in comparison to control animals and also among treated groups. This reduction in weight of testes was found to be statistically significant. Histopathological alterations observed in testes were degeneration of epithelial lining, oedema, atrophy of germ cells, sloughing and cell degeneration of seminiferous tubules. No significant difference (p<62>0.05) has been observed in percentage of histopathological classification of the seminiferous tubules in the testes of control and MP treated groups. But when duration of treatment was considered, again statistically significant (p<60>0.05) results were seen among treated groups. Hence, the present study indicates that MP has a profound effect on structure and function of testes. The observations are thus indicative of the reproductive toxicity of methyl parathion in male albino mice.

7 illus, 1 table, 21 ref

008705   Kihakudan J K (NO, Modras Research Centre of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Chennai-600 02, Email: jkkihakudan@gmail.com) : Effect of eyestalk ablaion on moulting and growth in the mudspiny lobster Panulirus polyphagus (Herbst, 1793) held in captivity. Indian J Fish 2013, 60(1), 77-81.

Effect of eyestalk ablation on moulting and growth in juveniles (20-40 mm carapace length, CL) and sub-adults (50-70 mm CL) of the mudspiny lobster Panulirus polyphagus was assessed through laboratory experiments. Eyestalk ablation resulted in increased frequency of moulting in juvenile and sub-adult males and females. Ablated lobsters showed a higher rate of growth at each moult as compared to the unablated ones. Growth increment, in terms of both carapace length and weight, was particularly high among the juvenile males. Ablated juvenile males showed an average increase in CL by almost 74% in about 114 days (0.7% increment per day) while the unablated ones showed an increase in CL of about 45% in 115 days (0.4% increment per day). Ablated juvenile males showed maximum weight gain of 370% in 114 days (3.3% per day) while control males showed an increase of 174% in 115 days (1.5% per day). The percentage increase in CL showed a decreasing trend with size in all the animals. Analysis of variance of the growth increments in terms of CL revealed significant difference (co=0.05) between the growth rates of ablated and control juvenile males and between the ablated juvenile males and females.

5 tables, 21 ref

008704   Khan A;Ishaq F (Biochemistry Dep, J.N. Medical College F/O Medicine Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh-202 002, Email: amiramu@gmail.com) : Effect of tocotrienol on Ex-vivo and copper-mediated In-vitro oxidative modification on LDL in absence or presence of natural nano-particles (HDL, HDL₂ and HDL₃) in male non-smokers and smokers. Biochem Cell Archs 2013, 13(1), 69-77.

Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis, and is associated with coronary and peripheral vascular disease. Paraoxonase (PON) or arylesterase is a natural nanoparticle HDL-ssociated enzyme that protects LDL as well as HDL from oxidative stress. The present results have shown that plasma derived small dense, lipid poorHDL₃ particles possess the more potent capacity than large, light, cholesteryl ester rich HDL₂ to protect LDL from Cu^{++-catalyzed oxidation in normolipidemic nonsmokers. On the other hand, these results demonstrate that greater the reduction in HDL₂-C or HDL₃-C levels in dyslipidemic smokers, lower is their antioxidative activity as compared to their counterparts from normolipidemic nonsmokers. Thus, in smokers, a 74% reduction in large, light HDL₂-C was apparently responsible for a significantly lower antioxidative activity (19-23%), while a reduction of only 41% in small, dense HDL₃-C showed a lower decrease (4-8%) in the protection of LDL against oxidation. After supplementation of smokers with dietary tocotrienols (Tocomin) mediated a significant therapeutic normalization of all the above parameters. In addition, tocotrienols mediated a restoration of HDL₂-C and HDL₃-C levels by 75% and 42% of control value in nonsmokers, while arylesterase activity was increased by 62% and 46% in HDL₂ and HDL₃ particles, respectively. The combined results provide evidence that small, dense HDL₃, relative to large, light HDL₂, afford better potent protection of LDL against oxidative stress. The combined results demonstrate that HDL subfractions can decrease the conjugated diene and TBARS of LDL.}

4 illus, 4 tables, 27 ref

008703   Kasim H M;Rao G S;Rajagopalan M;Vivekanandan E;Mohanraj G;Kandasami D;Muthiah P;Jagdis I;Gopakumar G;Mohan S (NO, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682 018, Email: hmkasim@hotmail.com) : Economic performance of artificial reefs deployed along Tamil Nadu Coast, South India. Indian J Fish 2013, 60(1), 1-8.

Economics of fishery from artificial reef (AR) and non-artificial reef (NAR) sites by gillnet and hooks & line was studied during 2007-08 from 11 fishing villages in 6 coastal districts of Tamil Nadu. The Tamil Nadu State Fisheries Department fabricated and deployed the reefs under the technical guidance of the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI). Based on species composition in the catch, the annual gross income was estimated by multiplying each species/group catch with the average landing centre price of the respective species/group. After deducting recurring expenditures on fishing operation, maintenance, interest on capital/investment on reef, crew wages, depreciation on craft, gear and reefs, from the gross income, the average net income of gillnet and hooks & line per unit operation from AR site were Rs. 1252 and Rs. 4650, respectively; and from NAR site was Rs. 449 and Rs. 1919, respectively. On an average, the AR site offered economic benefit which was higher by Rs. 1705.9 per unit compared to NAR site. Hooks & line units performed better than the gillnet units in both the sites. The payback period towards repayment of AR establishment cost was only 0.21 year. In view of better economic viability and short payback period, deployment of artificial reef is recommended in the near shore waters with proper planning.

5 illus, 7 tables, 14 ref

008702   Kalra K;Agarwal A (Biotechnology Dep, Faculty of Engineering and technology, Manav Rachna International Uni, Sector-43, Aravalli HIlls, Delhi Surajkund Road, Faridabad, Haryana, Email: kuntal.fet@mriu.edu.in) : Alteration in blood enzymes following Nitrogen Dioxide exposure in albino Rats, rattus norvegicus(berkenhout). Pollut Res 2013, 32(1), 147-50.

Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) is an ubiquitous air pollutant and chief constituent of photochemical smog. Different concentrations of nitrogen dioxide were used for the exposure. The present study was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen dioxide inhalation in blood of albino rat, as the change in composition of blood could indicate changes in metabolic pathways of some organs. Healthy male albino rats, Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout) were exposed to 35 ppm and 70 ppm of nitrogen dioxide gas for one hour per day for 15 days and 30 days in order to examine alterations in blood enzymes. Activities of Glucose-6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G-6PD), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Serum Alkaline Phosphatase, Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT) and Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT) increased significantly after exposure to different concentrations of nitrogen dioxide gas. This indicated tissue damage in the rats due to inhalation of toxic nitrogen dioxide gas.

2 illus, 1 table, 26 ref

008701   Kalid H A;Yajurvedi H N (Zoology Dep, Mysore Univ, Mysore-570 006, Email: hnyajurvedi@rediffmail.com) : Effects of β-endorphin and its receptor antagonist, naltreoxone on the pubertal ovarian follicular development in rat. Biochem Cell Archs 2013, 13(1), 169-76.

Administration (ip) of β-endorphin 0.5μg or 1 μg/ 0.1 ml/ rat/ day to pre-pubertal rats from post-natal day 15 to 21 resulted in a significant reduction in, i) gain in body weight, ii) relative weight of the ovary, uterus and Fellopian tubes, iii) mean number of primary, pre-antral and antral follicles and iv) serum levels of estradiol compared to controls. The changes were more drastic in higher dose of β- endorphin treated rats than in lower dose treated rats. In another experiment, administration of naltrexone, an opioid receptor antagonist, 1 μg or 5 μg /rat/day from post-natal day 15 to 21 along with 0.5μg β- endorphin prevented alterations in ovarian follicular development and steroidogenic activity thereby indicating that ovarian alterations were specific actions of β-endorphin. The results for the first time indicate that β-endorphin interferes with ovarian follicular development in mammals.

3 illus, 4 tables, 32 ref

008700   Kakade V B;Sarwade J P;Khillare Y K (Zoology Dep, E.S. Divekar College Varvand, Tal.Daund, Dist. Pune-412215) : Histopathologicalchanges observed in the Gill,Liver and Kidney of the freshwater fish Rasbora Daniconius exposed to sugar industry efflunt. Pollut Res 2013, 32(1), 189-93.

Effect of sugar industry effluent on histopathological changes in freshwater fish Rasbora daniconius has been studied exposing it for short term bioassay for 24,48,72 and 96h and LC₅₀ values were found 12.5,12,11.5 and 11% respectively. The affected tissues such as gill showed destruction of epithelial cells and few lamellae were curled and liver shows marked hepatic cell proliferation with nuclear hypertrophy and necrosis. Dilated renal tubule and necrosis' were noted in the kidney.

6 illus, 28 ref

008699   Kahar V;Sharma A K;Sharma S;Verma S (Chemical Engg. Dep, Ujjain Enggineering College, Ujjain M. P.) : UASB reactor efficiency for anaerobic treatment of dairy wastewater. Pollut Res 2013, 32(1), 71-4.

The present study is aimed to assess the efficiency of Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor under different operating conditions. Anaerobic treatment of dairy wastewater by UASB reactor, operated on anaerobic sludge granules developed from digested cow dung slurry and earthworm cultured soil conducted under the mesophilic (20 - 40°C). A PVC pipe with a diameter of 11cm and total height of 115 cm and effective height of 69.4 cm was used with a working volume of 6.6 L as a reactor. The COD concentration used in the present study ranges between 500 mg/L to 3300 mg/L. The digester efficiency of treating dairy wastewater at varying HRT of 6,12, 24, 48 and 72 h with the corresponding OLR are 2.12, 2.02,1.52,1.02 and 0.68 kg COD/m^{3/day respectively. During this study, which lasted for 41 days when pH was maintained between 6.9 to 7.5. Finally, the COD concentrations of the UASB reactor effluent with optimum HRT of 48h and OLR of 1.02 kg COD/m3/day was obtained to be 1003 mg/L corresponding to treatment efficiency of 67%.}

4 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref

008698   Johri P K;Tripathi R;Johri R (Zoology Dep, D.A.V. College, Kanpur-208 001, Email: kumar_pee@yahoo.com) : Reproductive toxicity of male antifertility polyherbal preparation in male albino rats with special reference to gross morphological and gravimetric changes. Biochem Cell Archs 2013, 13(1), 41-5.

The present study meditate the toxicological screening of male antifertility polyherbal preparation (MAPP) in reference to gross morphological and gravimeteric changes in the male reproductive organs in mature rats as well as rats in pubertal transition. The results revealed that the administration of MAPP from lower to higher dose manifested an antifertility effect on male reproductive system. The Gonado Somatic Indices (GSI) values in control and treated group indicated that MAPP is not at all toxic for the body and testis weight. The dynamic regression were found in all the accessory reproductive organs i.e., Caput and Cauda Epididymis, Seminal Vesicle, Ventral Prostate and Coagulating Gland. Such a decrease had a bearing on the dose dependent treatment of the MAPP. In fact the cells of the accessory reproductive organs induced by MAPP activated them to engulf spermatozoa by spermeophagy. The MAPP induced reversible sterility in dose and duration dependent manner mainly by affecting sperm without inducing side effects.

2 tables, 6 ref

008697   Janakiram P;Jayasree L;Sivaprasad B; Veerendrakumar M;Geetha G K (Marine Living Resoures Dep, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam- 530 003, Email: pasupuleti9999@gmail.com) : Histopathological and bacteriological studies of monodon slow growth syndrome (MSGS) affected shrimps. Indian J Fish 2013, 60(1), 97-102.

Shrimps affected by monodon slow growth syndrome (MSGS) were sampled from culture ponds in Amalapuram and Bhimavaram areas of Andhra Pradesh during 2005-2010 and subjected to bacteriological as well as histopathological investigations. Three species of Vibrios were identified in the bacterial isolates from haemolymph viz., V. alginolyticus, V.fluvialis and V. harveyi. Histopathological studies revealed major changes in the hepatopancreas as well as gill tissue and the presence of monodon baculovirus (MBV), heptopancreatic parvo virus (HPV) and Infectious hypodermal and hepatopancreatic necrosis virus (IHHNV). Fifty percent of the MSGS affected shrimps showed single infections with MBV, 20% with HPV and 30% had dual infections of HPV and MBV.

7 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

008696   Hassan F;Prathap S K;Jeeva J C;Mathew S;Remya Babu M (NO, Central Iistitute of Fishery Technology, Kochi-682 029, Email: femeenahassan@rediffmail.com) : Economic feasibility analysis of fisherwomen based microenterprises. Indian J Fish 2013, 60(1), 125-30.

Women in fishing communities are major players in the post-harvest sector and are traditionally involved in processing and marketing of fish. The issue of women's limited control over resources has been discussed widely and there is need to develop micro-level interventions together with macro-level advocacy as a strategy to strengthen women's role in post-harvest activities and in preparing and marketing of value-added fish products. In marine fisheries, while high value species are mostly processed for export, most of the medium and low value species, which form bulk of the landings, are marketed fresh or processed for the domestic market. Women perform their tasks either at home or as labourers in commercial processing units. However, they fail to realise the benefits to support themselves as well as family. Location-specific and need-based training programmes for fisherwomen can enhance their technical know-how and awareness enabling them to start gainful employment ventures. The economic feasibility of fish based value added items by self help group (SHG) group micro-enterprises is discussed in this paper.

4 tables, 12 ref

008695   Gurumayum S D;Goswami U C (NO, Zoological Survey of India, Gopalpur on Sea-761 002, Email: santaguru@rediffmail.com ) : Studies on seasonal and topographical variations of periphyton in the rivers of Manipur. J envir Biol 2013, 14(3), 600-04.

Seasonal and topographical variations of abundance and quality composition of periphyton at up and down stream of Imphal, Thoubal and Khuga rivers were studied from 1999-2002. It was found that periphyton population was high (3,055-53,450 u cm^{-2) and fluctuated in a wide range. Upper stretches (3053-53,450 u cm-2) of the rivers have higher periphyton population and showed definite seasonal fluctuation than the middle and lower stretches (3,276-16,320 u cm-2). Species richness was also higher in upper stretches in comparison to lower stretches of all the rivers. Bacillariophyceae dominated the periphyton population and contribution of Cyanophyceae was nominal. Shannon and Weaver species diversity index was within the favorable range and evenness value for all the rivers were near unity and reflected a stable and unpolluted aquatic environment of the rivers.}

1 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

008694   Gupta A;Dhawan A (Aquaculture Dep, College of Fisheris, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences Uni, Ludhiana-141 004, Email: drakhilgupta@yahoo.com) : Probiotic based diets for freshwater prawn Macrobrachinum rosenbergii (de man). Indian J Fish 2013, 60(1), 103-9.

Experimental trials were conducted to investigate the impact of incorporation of commercial probiotics viz, "Improval" and "Prosol", in supplementary diets of Macrobrachium rosenbergii post-larvae and juveniles. The experiment was conducted in tanks of 3501 capacity for 105 days (60 days for post-larvae and 45 days for juveniles). For each dietary treatment, triplicates were maintained. Ten experimental diets were formulated with different levels of probiotics. In prawns fed with diet containing 4% Improval and 2-3% of probiotic Prosol, significantly higher (p<60>0.05) final body weight, net body weight gain and specific growth rate were recorded. In addition, the apparent feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio in probiotic dietary treatments were significantly higher (p<60>0.05) than for control diet. The results of our study suggests that the addition of probiotics, as growth promoter, in the diet may be useful for profitable culture of M. rosenbergii.

4 tables, 30 ref

008693   Francis R;Nagarajan K;Portia A G (Biological Sciences Dep, Eastern Africa Univ, Baraton P.O. Box 2500, Eldoret-30100, Kenya, Email: rameshfrancis2007@rediffmail.com) : Histopathological changes in the liver tissue of Clarias batrachus treated with sago effluent. Biochem Cell Archs 2013, 13(1), 61-3.

The histopathological changes are observed in the liver tissues of the fresh water fish Clariasbatrachusexposed to different concentrations of untreated and treated sago effluent. The concentration chosen for untreated effluent and treated effluent were 50% and 100%. The individuals exposed to different concentrations of untreated sago effluents show serious damages when compared to the treated effluents. Lesions are also found in the section of untreatedeffluent exposed liver of fish.

1 illus, 26 ref

008692   Fofandi M D;Zala M;Koya M (NO, Veraval Regional Centre, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Veraval-362 369, Email: fofandimahendra@gmail.com) : Observations on selected biological aspects of the spadenose shark (Scoliodon laticaudus Muller & Henle, 1838), landed along Saurashtra coast. Indian J Fish 2013, 60(1), 51-4.

Spadenose shark, Scoliodon laticaudus (Family: Carcharhinide) locally known as "sandhi" is a common species inhabiting near shallow coastal waters along the Saurashtra coast. It is exploited by trawls and gillnets throughout the year in fair abundance. The dietary components of the species were studied and expressed as percentage of numerical composition (C_N), percentage of gravimetric composition (C_W) and percentage of frequency of occurrence (F). The major food item in the stomachs of the species was determined using an Index of relative importance (IRI). Food and feeding analyses confirmed the carnivorous feeding behavior of this species and the food mostly comprised fishes, shrimps and squids. There was no evidence of cannibalism. Overall sex ratio was 1.18 that showed the predominance of females over males. As there is limited information about the biological aspects of this species from Saurashtra coast, the results of the present investigation may play a vital role in the management of the resource as well as for the efficient exploitation of this species.

4 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

008691   Eugene Y J;Yap C K;Zakaria M P;Aris A Z;Tan S G (Biology Dep, Faculty of Science, Faculty of Biotchnology and Biomoleculer Science,, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia, Email: yapckong@hotmail.com) : Trace metal concentrations in the different parts of Perna viridis collected from some jetties in the straits of Johore. Pollut Res 2013, 32(1), 9-19.

The Straits of Johore is a hotspot area of metal pollution in the southern part of Peninsular Malaysia. In this study, green-lipped mussels Perna viridis were collected from three sites from the Straits of Johore in April 2011. The mussel tissues were dissected into eight parts including byssus, crystalline style, foot, gill, gonad, mantle, muscle and remainder. The total shells and all the dissected eight parts were determined for nine trace metal concentrations (Ag, As, Co, Cr, Cs, Hg, Mn, Se and Sr) by using an Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer, because these nine trace metals are rarely reported in the literature from Malaysia. Based on the present data, Sr and Mn have a very different accumulation pattern in mussels when compared with other trace metals. It is also found that the byssus is highly accumulative of Co and Cr, while the shell is also highly accumulative of for Sr. When compared to the metal levels reported in the literature, the present data are considered low. Further studies are needed to confirm why Gelang Patah population had the highest levels of Ag, As, Cs, Mn and Se when compared to Senibong and Pantai Lido, based on some mussel parts. The present data in the different tissues of P. viridis are important for future reference.

2 illus, 7 tables, 44 ref

008690   Cho E S;Seo Y I;Young-Sang S (Fishery and Ocean Information Div, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Busan-619705, Republic of Korea) : Genetic analysis of the purplish washington clam (Saxidomus purpuratus Sowerby) of korean coastal waters. J envir Biol 2013, 14(3), 613-21.

Aim is to investigate the genetic structure of the purplish Washington clam population, Saxidomus purpuratus Sowerby, in Korea. A portion of mitochondrial COl gene sequences (605 bp) for phylogenetic comparison was determined. Sequence analysis of 62 individuals collected from six regions revealed 13 haplotypes. Phylogenetic analysis using Phylogeny Inference Package (PHYLIP) subdivided the purplish Washington clam into two clades (termed clade A and B), weak supported groups (<65 of bootstrap value). This hapiotype subdivision was also in accordance with geographic separation; one each at Masan, Yeosu, Samcheonpo, Jubyeon and Geojedo, and the other at Sineju. Population genetic analysis subdivided these two population groups with a geographic distance (d=0.431, p=0.379). Furthermore, in the Sineju population, the maximum sequence divergence (2.67%) and minimum nucleotide diversity (0.0012426) were shown in which might be reflective of a relatively small population size and the geographical isolation of the population as compared with other populations. However, a very high migration rate (N_m=59.62-infinite) and a very low level of geographic distance (F_ST =-0.076-0.055) were noted to. exist among the South and East Sea populations, suggesting that individuals between populations should show a significantly active genetic mixing and migration regardless of geography. These findings allowed us to conclude that the purplish Washington clam populations occurring in the South and East Sea were formed with randomly dispersed individuais.

5 illus, 4 tables, 21 ref

008689   Chaturvedi C S;Shukla V K;Singh R K;Pandey A K (NO, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai-400 061, Email: chaturvedi@cife.edu.in) : Captive breeding and larval rearing of endangered Ompok bimaculatus under controlled condition at Raipur, Chhattisgarh (India). Biochem Cell Archs 2013, 13(1), 133-6.

Five pairs of matured endangered Ompok bimaculatus (weight range 18.6-20.2 gm) were selected and given a resolving dose of ovaprim (0.03 ml/100 gm body weight) to the females 15 days prior to the breeding trials. They were induced bred successfully through intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of ovaprim (@ 0.06 ml/100 gm body weight males; 0.12 ml/100 gm body weight females). After 10-12 hours of the drug administration, spawning occurred with 70-80% fertilization. Hatching of fertilized eggs took place in the conventional hapa (40%) and flow-through hatchery (80%). Out of 10,000 fertilized eggs, 6,560 hatchlings and 5,240 fry were obtained which were reared in specially prepared nursery pond resulting in the recovery of 1,570 fingerlings. The induced breeding and larval rearing technology of Ompok bimaculatus in captivity will help stock improvement and rehabilitation of the endangered species.

6 illus, 2 tables, 25 ref

008688   Chakraborty R D;Surendran P K;Joseph T C (Crustacean Fisheries Div, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North P.O. P.B. No. 1603, Cochin-682 018, Email: rekhdevi76@yahoo.com) : Molecular typing of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from marine finfish/shellfish landed along south-west coast of India. Indian J Fish 2013, 60(1), 87-96.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the most reported food-borne pathogen along the south-west coast of India, commonly occurring in marine fish. For epidemiological purposes, this pathogen is confirmed by various molecular typing methods, such as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) or ribotyping. These methods are labor intensive and time consuming. In the present study, rapid typing methods with specific sequences viz., conserved ribosomal gene spacer sequence (RS), repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence (REP), and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence (ERIC) and RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) were used. Marine fish / shellfish were collected from major landing centers located along the south-west coast of India and screened for V. parahaemolyticus. Following phenoty pic characterisation, fingerprinting of bacterial strains was carried out by various typing methods viz., RAPD, ERIC, REP, and RS PCR. Cluster analyses revealed the conglomeration of bacterial isolates into three and four groups using RAPD and RS respectively while it revealed two major groups in each of the ERIC and REP PCR methods. ERIC-PCR method generated two major clusters, one with the finfish and cephalopod isolates and the other with the strains isolated from shellfish samples suggesting that the strains isolated from finfish samples showed higher genetic similarity with the strains from cephalopods than that of shellfish isolates. However, RS PCR generated fewer amplified bands (eight) as compared to other typing methods, thus giving scope for higher discrimination of various V. parahaemolyticus strains, suggesting it as a reliable practical method for routine use.

8 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref

008687   Chakrabarti P;Ray S (Fisheries Laboratory, Zoology Dep, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan-713 104, Email: dr.pchakrabarti@yahoo.in) : Cyclical changes in the histological features of ovarian tissue in Spiny Eel Mastacembelus armatus (Lacepede) during different reproductive phases. Envir Ecol 2013, 31(2c), 1035-42.

The present investigation deals with the histological changes in the ovary of Mastacembelus armatus (Lacepede) during developmental stages. In this fish species six types of germ cells have been recognized depending mainly on cell size and cell structure. By examining seasonal changes in the relative abundance and size of different oocytes. it was found that oogenesis occurs in five distinct phases. Cytological changes of the female germ line cells were well correlated with seasonal changes of gonadosomatic index.

12 illus, 33 ref

008686   Bhoir K K;Suryawanshi S A;Pandey A K (Zoology Dep, Institute of Science, 15 Madam Cama Road, Mumbai-400 032, Email: akpandey.ars@gmail.com) : Serum protein, alubmin, globulin profiles and albumin/ globulin ratio of Mus norvegicus induced by sublethal heroin administration. Biochem Cell Archs 2013, 13(1), 177-80.

Effect of sublethal heroin (13.5 mg/kg/day, 0.50 LD₅₀ for 96 hours) administration for 30 days on serum protein, albumin and globulin levels and albumin/globulin ratio of albino Mus norvegicus was studied. Serum total protein of the rats given sublethal heroin treatment exhibited significant (P <60> 0.01) decrease on day 1, value remained almost normal on day 7 but registered insignificant increase by day 30. Serum albumin level of the experimental rats recorded an insignificant elevation on day 1 while significant (P <60> 0.01) decline was observed on day 7 and 30 (P <60> 0.05). Serum globulin concentration of the experimental rats exhibited a progressive (but significant) decline on day 7 (P <60> 0.01) onwards during the entire course of experiment with the minimal value (P <60> 0.001) on day 30. Serum albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio showed a significant (P <60> 0.001) increase on day 1,7 (P <60> 0.05) and 15 (P <60> 0.001) of the experiment with maximum value (P <0.001) on day 30.

1 table, 56 ref

008685   Bhinder P;Chaudhry A (Zoology Dep, Panjab Univ, Chandigarh-160 014, Email: preety.bhinder@yahoo.com) : Evaluation of toxic potential of acephate and chlorpyrifos by dominant lethal test on Culex quinquefasciatus. J envir Biol 2013, 14(3), 573-7.

Deals with the toxicity evaluation of pesticides acephate and chlorpyrifos by applying dominant lethal test (DLT) on mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus taken as an experimental model. For this, the adult male mosquitoes emerging from LC₂₀ treated larval stock were allowed to crossmate with normal virgin females under controlled conditions of mosquito rearing laboratory along with the parallel controls, separately for each pesticide. The eggs obtained from such females were allowed to hatch after which they were examined under suitable magnification. The number of unhatched eggs was taken as the measure for calculating the dominant lethality caused by the pesticides and the data was analyzed statistically by applying Student's t-test. The statistical analysis of the results for acephate treated groups was 9.49±1.50 as against 3.92±0.41 in the control groups and chlorpyrifos treated groups gave the value 9.94±1.92 as against 4.26±0.35 in the control groups. The results indicated that these pesticides induced significant (p<60>0.05) dominant lethality.

4 tables, 29 ref

008684   Aneesh Kumar K V;Khanolkar P S;Pravin P;Madhu V R;Meenakumari B (NO, Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Matsyapuri P.O., Willington Island Cochin-682 029, Email: menoncift@gmail.com) : Effect of hook design on longline catches in Lakshadweep Sea, India. Indian J Fish 2013, 60(1), 21-7.

Tuna longlining is considered as an ecofriendly, economical, species-selective and size-selective fishing technique suitable for harvesting sparsely distributed large predatory fishes. Many non-targeted and protected species like marine turtles, seabirds, cetaceans and sharks are also caught as bycatch in the pelagic longline gear. Investigations were undertaken to evaluate the effect of hook design on the longline catches in Lakshadweep Sea by comparing the species selection efficiency, bait holding efficiency and hooking pattern of the Japanese and circle hook designs. The results indicated that hook design has no effect on the catching efficiency, species selectivity and bait holding ability in pelagic longline fisheries in Lakshadweep Sea. The hooking pattern was found to be significantly different, indicating favorable hooking locations in the case of circle hooks. The results of the present study, indicated the positive effects of circle hooks in minimising the impact of bycatch by hooking on the fish favouring post-release survival of the species.

11 illus, 40 ref

008683   Ajay;Das S C;Kumar A;Kaushik P;Kurmi B (NO, Vetrinary Public Health, Bihar Veterinary College, Patna-800 014, Email: dranjayvet@gmail.com) : Detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from saltwater fish samples by Vp-toxR PCR. Indian J Fish 2013, 60(1), 141-3.

Total of sixty numbers of saltwater fish samples were collected and analysed by Vp-toxR PCR assay, directly from alkaline peptone water (APW) inoculated with samples and also by colony PCR from characteristic colonies on thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose (TCBS) agar. Vp-toxR PCR assay detected 5 (8.3%) samples positive for Vibrio parahaemolyticus directly from APW; whereas colony PCR detected 47 (78.3%) samples positive for the organism. Based on the results of the present study, it may be recommended to use colony PCR as a method suitable for detection of V. parahaemolyticus from saltwater fish samples.

^ssc1 illus, 12 ref

008682   Abhijna U G;Ratheesh R;Biju Kumar A (Aquatic Biology & Fisheries Dep, Kerala Univ, Thiruvananthapuram-695 581, Email: abiju@rediffmail.com) : Distribution and diversity of aquatic insects of vellayani lake iin Kerala. J envir Biol 2013, 14(3), 606-11.

Diversity of insect fauna of Vellayani lake in Kerala was represented by 60 species classified under 37 families and 8 orders. Among the entomofauna collected from the lake, the order Coleoptera was diverse in number of genera (22). Shannon index was highest in station 2 (3.214) and lowest (2.839) in station 4. The higher richness index was also recorded in station 2 (6.331), though the lowest species richness was observed in Station 1 (5.205). The order Ephemeroptera is represented in Vellayani lake by the families Baetidae and Caenidae, which are considered as an indicator of water quality. Of the 15 metrices selected, taxa richness, Composition measures, Tolerance and Intolerance and Functional groups were also found out for all the stations. In the present study, the percentage of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera (EPT) taxa richness and diversity remained high in Station 1, 2 and 3 but reduced drastically in stations 4 and 5. The high HBI value recorded at station 4 is due to the abundance of pollution tolerant taxa such as Chironomidae, Tabanidae, Culicidae and Anophilinae. The results of the study reveal greater diversity of aquatic entomofauna in Vellayani freshwater lake and suggest the possibility of using insects effectively for biomonitoring programmes.

3 illus, 3 tables, 32 ref

007542   Zodape G V (Zoology Dep, S.S.& L.S. Patkar College of Arts and Science, S. V. Road, Goregaon (West), Mumbai-400 062) : Metal contamination in commercially important prawn and shrimp species collected from malad market of Mumbai suburb of India. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2014, 13(1), 125-31.

Prawn and shrimp samples were collected from local markets of Malad suburban areas of Mumbai city from June to December 2012. These prawn and shrimp samples were dried in the laboratory and crushed into a fine powder by mortar and pestle and stored in amber coloured bottles in vacuum desiccators. These samples were evaluated by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emissions Spectroscopy for determination of the 10 heavy metals namely Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd and Hg. In the present work, the mean values at minimum and maximum concentrations of copper, zinc, iron and chromium in the prawns and shrimp samples were found below the maximum specified acceptable concentration whereas manganese, cobalt, nickel, lead and cadmium values were found above the maximum specified acceptable concentration as prescribed by WHO. The mean values of the minimum and maximum concentrations of mercury in the prawns and shrimp samples were either less than 0.001ppm or absent in all the species.

1 table, 45 ref

007541   Srineetha U;Venkata Reddy M;Bhaskar M (Zoology Dep, Sri Venkateswara Univ, Tirupati-517 502) : Effect of environmental acidic pH on oxygen consumption of fish, Cyprinus carpio (L.). Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2013, 12(4), 721-4.

The study was aimed to investigate the total oxygen consumption of freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio during exposure and acclimation to sublethal acidic pH (5.0) medium. The oxygen consumption of fish significantly depleted in all the days of exposure to sublethal acidic pH 5.0 starting from first day to fourteen days of exposure. The rate of total oxygen consumption depletion was higher on first day. From the second day onwards a gradual decreasing trend was observed in the depletion up to 14th day of exposure. The unit oxygen consumption of fish on exposure to sub-lethal pH medium exhibited significant depletion when compared to control. The rate of depletion was maximum in the initial days of exposure and was reduced gradually in twelfth and fourteenth day of exposure. But, at day 14th not significant decrease was observed in both the parameters of the experimentation. This observation indicates that the fish was capable of regulating their metabolic modulations and physiological functions through acclimation process to be the possible reason for the successful survival of fish in acidifying water. The reduced oxygen consumption of fish on exposure to sublethal acidic medium confirms the prevalence of hypoxic condition in the surrounding medium.

2 tables, 18 ref

007540   Singh M;Singh J P (NO, S. G. R. (P.G.) College, Dobhi, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, Email: singhmanojh@yahoo.com) : Anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic effects of Heliotropium keralense in albino rats. Int J chem Sci,Udaipur 2014, 12(1), 281-3.

Heliotropium keralense is an important medicinal plant & rarely is distributed. Its essential active compounds are flavonoid and terpenoid play an important role in change biological activity of human physiology. Benzene eluents minimize the glucose level in blood, which enhanced by gluco flavonoid and alkaloids. Experimental study shows that 1% carraginine solution induced inflammation in hind paw of albino rats significantly affected by Heliotropium keralense as well as its active principle. Hypoglycemic study shows the preventive as well as curative effect of Heliotropium keralense. Alcoholic extract of Heliotropium keralense is capable to block the adrenaline at different site of circulatory system such as heart, capillaries and hormonal level.

2 tables, 10 ref

007539   Sarma D;Das J;Dutta A (Zoology Dep, Gauhati Univ, Guwahati-781 014) : Acute toxicity and behavioural changes in Channa punctatus (Bloch) exposed to rogor (an organophosphorus pesticide). Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2013, 12(4), 641-4.

Rogor is a commonly used pesticide in the agricultural field. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the lethal toxicity of Rogor, an organophosphorus pesticide, in freshwater fish Channa punctetus (Bloch)and relative behavioural changes after exposing for 96 hours. The regression equation calculated as y = 9.551x + 6.173 and the LC₅₀ value calculated for Channa punctatus was at 0.75 mL/L. During exposure, fish showed faster opercular activity, erecting dorsal and ventral fin, huge secretion of mucus from whole body, etc.

2 illus, 2 tables, 30 ref

007538   Esakkiammal B;Madasamy S;Sethuramalingam T A (Sri Parasakthi College of Women, Courtallam, St. Xaviers College, Palayamkottai, Tamil Nadu, Email: resika2009@gmail.com) : Karyotype analysis in Gymnocorymbus ternetzi (Boulenger, 1895). Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2013, 15(3), 521-5.

Karyotype analysis was performed on Gymnocorymbus ternetzi (Family: Characidae) by investigating the number and structure of its chromosomes. Metaphase chromosome spreads obtained from gill and tailfin epithelial cells and kidney were analysed under low and high power of microscope and photographed. The diploid chromosome number of this species was 2n = 48 (n- 24). The karyotype consist of 20 pairs of metacentric, 20 pairs of submetacentric, 6 pairs of sub telocentric, 2 pairs of telocentric chromosomes. The chromosomal information described here should be useful in monitoring gynogenetic population studies and hybridization in this species.

4 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

006628   Walia V K (Zoology Dep, Panjab Univ, Chandigarh-160 014) : Inventory of geometrid moth fauna of Subathu in Himachal Pradesh (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). J appl Biosci 2013, 39(2), 74-84.

727 specimens of geometrid moths were collected during 2000-2004 from Subathu, Himachal Pradesh. These specimens belong to 115 species under five subfamilies of family Geometridae. In this communication, first reference, material examined and distribution of all the dealt species has been documented.

20 ref

006627   Wadhawan D;Walia V K (Zoology P.G. Dep, D.A.V. College, Jalandhar-144 004, Email: wadhawan72@gmail.com) : Subfamily symmocinae fauna of Haryana and Rajasthan (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Gelechiidae). J appl Biosci 2013, 39(2), 93-101.

Intensive surveying of two Indian states, namely Rajasthan and Haryana (including Chandigarh) during 2000-2004 yielded 5 species belonging to subfamily Symmocinae under family Gelechiidae. Out of these, four species were identified as new and have been described under two new genera. Furthermore, a new combination Apiuncusa indigata (Meyrick) has been proposed.

30 illus, 20 ref

006626   Usman J I;Abjit M;Abubakar J Y;Dauda A K; Aliyu Y;Sani A M (Science Laboratory Technology Dep, Federal Polytechnic, Nasarawa) : Toxicity of methanol extract of Jatropha gossypifolia L. (Bellyache) to the juveniles of Clarias gariepnus, (Burchel). J Inld Fish Soc India 2013, 45(2), 28-31.

Juveniles of Glorias gariepinus (Burchel) of length 15.75 ± 00.50 cm and weight 14.75 ± 1.25g were exposed to methanol extract of Jatropha gossypifolia L. at concentrations of 0.00, 3.00, 4.00, 5.00, 6.00 and 7.00 mgl^{-1 in three replications for 96 hours to determine the acute toxicity. Agitated swimming, loss of balance, ventral resting position, and death were observed as symptoms of toxicosis. Opercular ventilation was significantly higher than the control at P<60>0.05. A dose dependant significant increase P<60>0.05 of the opercular beats was observed in the first 48 hours, which decreased with time. The lethal concentration at 96 hours (LC₅₀) was 4.90mgl-1. The use of J. gossypifolia as a means of catching fish should be discouraged considering that the non target organisms may also be affected.}

1 illus, 4 tables, 13 ref