024504   DUNN A, WELSH M, GORDON A, ARGUELLO A, MORRISON S J, EARLEY B (Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Ireland, Email: bernadette.earley@teagasc.ie) : Effect of passive transfer status on response to a glycoprotein E (gE)-negative bovineherpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) vaccine and weaning stress in pre-weaned dairy calves. J Appl Anim Res 2018, 46(1), 907-14.

The study objectives were to: 1) examine how calves of divergent immune status respond to BRSV vaccination at 3 weeks of age; 2) trace glycoprotein E negative BoHV-1 antibodies from vaccinated dams to calf sera and to investigate how passive transfer affects response to live BoHV-1 vaccine at 6 weeks of age; 3) explore the impact of passive transfer status on blood metabolites around weaning. Thirty seven Holstein cows and their calves were included in the study. All cows were immunised with a commercial marker vaccine against BoHV-1(gE-) administered intra-muscularly at 4 month prior to the start of calving. Calves were assigned to 1 of 2 colostrum treatment groups: 1) 5 % of BW incolostrum fed at birth, or 2) 10 % of BW in colostrum fed at birth. Calves were also immunised at 3 weeks of age with a respiratory commercial vaccine, and a booster administered 4 weeks later. Calves were also immunised against BoHV-1 at 6 weeks of age, using one dose of a live commercial vaccine. The results demonstrated that level of passive immunity had no effect on immune response to vaccination and the importance of feeding colostrum from vaccinated BoHV-1 gE- dams to provide calves with passive protection against IBRV.

8 illus, 1 table, 41 ref

024503   AMMAH A A, BENCHAAR C, BISSONETTE N, GEVRY N, IBEAGHA-AWEMU E M (Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Canada, Email: eveline.ibeagha-awemu@agr.gc.ca) : Treatment and post-treatment effects of dietary supplementation with safflower oil and linseed oil on milk components and blood metabolites of Canadian Holstein cows. J Appl Anim Res 2018, 46(1), 898-906.

The treatment and residual effects of linseed oil (LSO) and safflower oil (SFO) supplementation on milk and blood metabolites of cows was investigated. Twenty-six cows were grouped according to parity and days in milk and assigned equally to one of two treatments: a control diet + 5 % SFO or 5 % LSO for 28 days( treatment period, TP). The TP was preceded by a control period of 28 days (all animals on control diet). After treatment, animals were returned to control diet for 28 days (post treatment period, PTP). Blood and milk samples were collected weekly. Feed intake decreased with LSO and SFO (p <.05), while body weight (BW) increased steadily (p <.0001) throughout. Non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and triacylglyceride (TAG) increased (p <.0001) during treatments. Beta-hydroxybutyric acid increased (p <.0001) with SFO only. Milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and fat decreased (p <.0001) with both supplements. NEFA/MUN and milk fat content returned to control levels one week or three weeks after treatment, respectively. TAG did not return to initial concentrations by the end of PTP. The residual effects of feeding LSO or SFO on the physiology of cows were still active up to three weeks after cessation of treatments.

3 illus, 4 tables, 49 ref

024502   SAROJ S K (Agriculture Zoology and Entomology Dep, R.B (PG) Coll, Agra) : Taxonomical studies on the family hydrophilidae (Coleoptera: polyphaga) from Kumaon, Garhwal and Agra region with special reference to the external genital organs. Int J Pharma Res Bio Sci 2018, 7(1), 27-35.

In this study the aquatic Coleoptera species collected from the Kumaon, Garhwal and Agra region province in 1990 were evaluated. Overall 3 genera and 4 species concerning the super family Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) were detected in the area.

9 ref

024501   MADUMALA V K, FAREJIYA M K, MALI K S, RAO K R, ANKUSH P S, ANANDHAN S (Zoology Dep, Govt. Degree and PG Coll, Telangana, Email: drkarriramarao@gmail.com) : Investigations on the age, growth and mortality parameters of Kawakawa, Euthynnus affinis (Cantor, 1849) from the North west coast of India. Int J Aquat Biol 2018, 6(1), 21- 4.

Kawakawa, Euthynnus affinis contributes to the tune of 35,466 tonnes forming 1 % to the total marine fish landings of India. Investigations on growth and mortality were of this species carried out based on the length frequency data during 2008-2012. The length-weight relationship for the pooled samples were derived for intercept a= 0.0286, slope b =2.857 and coefficient of determination r²=0.917. The values obtained for growth parameters of L∞ was 67.86 cm, for growth co efficient (K) 0.70 and for t_o -0.26y^-1. The natural, total and fishing mortalities recorded as 0.86, 1.48 and 0.62 y^-1, respectively. The exploitation ratio (F/Z) was observed as 0.42. The M/K ratio was estimated at 1.23. The average for k length of 46 cm and weight of 2024 g were estimated in the samples collected. The length at the end of 1^st year to 5^th year was observed to be 33, 52, 64, 70 and 75 cm, respectively. The fishing mortality derived in this study is more than the optimum and limit value indicated the sign of overexploitation.

3 illus, 20 ref

024500   SHARMA B K, SHARMA S (Zoology Dep, North-Eastern Hill Univ, Shillong-793 022, Email: profbksharma@gmail.com) : The Indian species of Testudinella (Rotifera: Flosculariacea: Testudinellidae) and their distribution. Int J Aquat Biol 2018, 6(1), 15-20.

Our plankton and semi-plankton collections from India revealed 14 species of Testudinella including two undetermined species yet awaiting descriptions. The oriental endemic T. insinuatais a new record from India while the Australasian T. walkeri and the palaeotropical T. brevicaudata and T. greeni are other globally interesting species. Testudinella amphora, T. brevicaudata, T. dendradena, T. greeni, T. parva semiparva, T. tridentata and T. walkeriare characterized by distribution restricted till date to northeast India (NEI); T. insinuatais restricted to the floodplains of the Kashmir valley of Jammu and Kashmir state of western Himalayas; and T. incisa and T. mucronata are known for valid reports from Tamil Nadu and Jammu and Kashmir, respectively. T. emarginula, T. patina and T. tridentata are believed to be cryptic species-complexes and thus desired ecological and genetic analysis of local populations. This study merits interest vis-à-vis biodiversity and distribution of the Indian Rotifera.

1 illus, 34 ref

024499   ZOYSA H K S, JINADASA B K K K, EDIRISINGHE E M R K B, JAYASINGHE G D T M (Food Technology Dep, Rajarata Univ of Sri Lanka, Mihintale, Sri Lanka, Email: dezoysahks@yahoo.com) : Length-weight relationship of black sea urchin (Stomopneustes variolaris) in Sri Lanka. Int J Aquat Biol 2017, 5(6), 408-12.

This study attempted to describe the length and weight frequency, and length-weight relationship in the black sea urchin, Stomopneustes variolaris, in Sri Lanka. The sampling sites Mount-Lavinia (n=43), Beruwala (n=99) and Tangalle (n=55) were selected from South-west coast in Sri Lanka. The shell length and body weight were measured separately for three sampling sites. The mean length and weight of S. variolaris were 5.55 ± 1.04 cm, 101.40 ± 57.76 g; 6.54 ± 0.86 cm, 147.90 ± 50.40 g, and 6.41 ± 1.05 cm, 150.50 ± 59.45 for Mount-Lavinia, Beruwala and Tangalle, respectively. In addition, the length-weight relationship of S. variolaris were W=0.9953 *L^2.6472, W=0.9651 *L^2.6536, and W=1.4665 *L^2.4637 for Mount-Lavinia, Beruwala and Tangalle, respectively.

14 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

024498   ADHIKARI U, BHATTACHARYA K, MITRA P, CHANDRA G (Zoology Dep, Mosquito, Microbiology and Nanotechnology Research Units, Bardhaman, West Bengal, Email: goutamchandra63@yahoo.co.in) : Larvicidal efficacy of silver nanoparticles synthesized biologically using Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. leaf extract against Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus and Cx. vishnui group. Indian J Exp Biol 2018, 56(1), 14-9.

Mosquito borne diseases are a global crisis, particularly in developing countries. Non-availability of apposite vaccines against these diseases has lead to sole dependence on the vector managerial steps for dropping the incidences. In the present study, we tried to evaluate the larvicidal potential of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NP) using aqueous leaf extracts of Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. against third instar larvae of Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex vishnui group. Aqueous extract of leaves reduced the aqueous silver ions to produce stable Ag NP. The characterization of synthesized nanoparticles was done through UV-Vis spectrum, Transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscope. Third instar larvae of three mosquito species namely An. stephensi, Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. vishnui group were exposed to different concentrations of synthesized nanoparticles for 24, 48 and 72 h. TEM measured the range of nanoparticle size as 8-9 nm whereas XRD measured as 6 nm. Cent percent mortality of larvae of An. stephensi was recorded at 80 ppm at 48 h. About 96 and 80 % mortality of Cx. vishnui group and Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae respectively were noted at 80 ppm after 72 h of exposure. The result of regression analysis proved that the mortality rate (Y) was positively correlated with the period of exposure (X) and regression coefficients were close to one. Toxicity study on non-target species showed no injurious activity during experimental period. Results indicate, possibly a first report on mosquito larvicidal effect of Ag NP synthesized using S. mahagoni leaf extract which may be used to effectively control the larval forms of three important vector mosquitoes.

4 illus, 3 tables, 31 ref

024497   SINGH R, SINGH B N (Zoology Dep, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi- 221 005, Email: bashisthsingh2004@rediffmail.com) : Influence of age on mating propensity in two sibling species, Drosophila ananassae and D. pallidosa. Indian J Exp Biol 2018, 56(1), 7-13.

Mating propensity in Drosophila is affected by a number of factors including age of flies. Here, we studied the age factor in two sibling species of Drosophila. We tested the effect of age on mating propensity of two sibling species (Drosophila ananassae and D. pallidosa) using five wild type strains of D. ananassae and three wild type strains of D. pallidosa. To determine the effect of age on mating propensity, five age groups were selected: 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 days of each strain of D. ananassae and D. pallidosa. Fifteen pairs of flies were introduced into the Elens-Wattiaux mating chamber for direct observation for 60 min and in each strain, five replicates were run. Data were analyzed by one-way, two-way ANOVA and student’s t-test. Mating propensity of all the strains of both the sibling species vary significantly. All the strains of both the sibling species showed increase in the mating propensity with age (up to 12 days) and then it decreased as the age prolonged suggesting that 12 days aged flies are more eager to mate. Age wise variation was more pronounced than strain wise variation in D. ananassae. However, it was just opposite in the case of D. pallidosa. Mating propensity of D. ananassae was significantly higher as compared to D. pallidosa in each age group.

1 illus, 5 tables, 51 ref

024496   JADHAV A B, DIWAN A D (Biotechnology and Microbiology Dep, Vivekanand Arts Sardar Dalipsingh Commerce & Science Coll, Aurangabad-431 001, Email: aniruddhajadhav810@gmail.com) : Studies on antimicrobial activity and physicochemical properties of the chitin and chitosan isolated from shrimp shell waste. Indian J Geo-Mar Sci 2018, 47(03), 674-80.

Chitin and chitosan were isolated from shrimp shells waste by various chemical treatments. 1N HCl at ambient temperature was used for demineralization step and 0.5M NaOH solution at 90 °C for 20 hours was used for deproteinization step. The obtained chitin was subsequently treated with high concentrations of NaOH (70 % - 85 %) at various temperatures for different time periods to achieve deacetylation. Various physicochemical properties of isolated chitin and chitosan were evaluated and found to be matching with commercially available chitin and chitosan. The NaOH concentration and temperature were affecting the degree of deacetylation (DDA). Antibacterial profile of isolated chitosan was checked against various potential human pathogens and food contaminants by disc diffusion method. The DDA greatly influences antibacterial activity probably due to antibacterial activity against all strains.

5 illus, 3 tables, 33 ref

024495   SETH J K, BARIK T K, CHOUDHURY R C (Zoology Dep, Berhampur Univ, Berhampur-760 007, Email: jkseth52@gmail.com) : Karyomorophometry of two pony fishes, Secutor insidiator (Bloch, 1787) and Leiognathus equulus (Forsskal, 1775) (Leiognathidae) from the Odisha coast, Bay of Bengal. Indian J Geo-Mar Sci 2018, 47(02), 469-74.

Somatic metaphase chromosomes of two marine fishes, Secutor insidiator and Leiognathus equulus of Leiognathidae, were obtained from the gill epithelial and kidney cells and their morphmetric analyses were done. S. insidiator showed 2n = 48 and NF = 48 with the chromosome formula, n = 24t. Whereas, L. equulus showed 2n = 48 and NF = 52 with the chromosome formula, n = 2 st + 22 t.

1 illus, 3 tables, 14 ref

024494   KUMARI S, JAISWAR A K, ABIDI Z J, CHAKRABORTY S K, KUMAR T, KAMEI G (ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata-700 120, Email: akjaiswar@cife.edu.in) : Comparative osteology based on premaxillary bone of Sciaenid fishes found in Indian waters. Indian J Geo-Mar Sci 2018, 47(02), 395-401.

Present study consists the morphological characters of premaxillary bones of six genera and twelve species of the family Sciaenidae to provide a baseline to compare with other genera of the family and also to validate the taxa assigned to the genus which could be useful to make inferences about the phylogeny of the family. Morphometric measurement of premaxillary bone were measured the length of the lower margin of the horizontal part of the premaxillary (L), length of the vertical part of the premaxillary along the ascending process (M) and length from anterior corner of the premaxillary process to posterior tip of the horizontal part of the premaxillary (N). Inter- and intra-specific relationships between these species were also evaluated using multivariate analysis, standard discriminante function analysis and cluster analysis. Premaxillary along the ascending process (M) and length from anterior corner of the premaxillary process to posterior tip of the horizontal part of the premaxillary (N).

4 illus, 5 tables, 28 ref

024493   RAMTEKE K K, LANDGE A T, JAISWAR A K, CHAKRABORTY S K, DESHMUKHE G, RENJITH R K (ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai - 400 061, Email: kkramteke@gmail.com) : Taxonomic differentiation of goatfishes (Family-Mullidae) based on morphological traits and hard parts. Indian J Geo-Mar Sci 2018, 47(02), 381-9.

A comparative evaluation of morphometric characters of goatfishes collected from different parts of India was conducted in order to discriminate them. Among the body ratios the proportion of body depth to standard length was found to be important that varied in the range of 11-39 %, with maximum (34-39 %) in Upeneus guttatus and minimum (11-26 %) in U. moluccensis. Among meristic characters number of dorsal fin spine differed, it was 8 in all the species except in U. guttatus where it was 7. Gill rakers present on lower limb of first arch were highest in U. sulphureus, U. moluccensis, Parupeneus indicus (18-22); lowest number was in U. sundaicus (13-15) followed by U. tragula (14-16). Highest numbers of lateral line scales were recorded in U. taeniopterus (36-38) and lowest in U. guttatus (28-30). Discriminant function analysis for ten morphometric characters gave misclassification of 0 % for P. indicus, U. guttatus, U. sulphereus, U. sundaicus, U.tragula, U.vittatus and 3 % for U. moluccensis, 6 % for U. taeniopterus. Wedge shaped otolith (sagitta) was found in U. guttatus and P. indicus, oval in U. sulphureus, elliptic to truncate anteriorly in U. vittatus, fusiform and serrated margins in U. moluccensis, elliptic to truncate anteriorly for U. sundaicus and U. taeniopterus. Rostrum short, slightly flattened, antirostrum poorly defined in U. tragula. In U. moluccensis parietal crest was poorly developed. In U. tragula and U. moluccensis, pterosphenoid was not in direct contact with lateral ethmoid, and pterosphenoid joined to basisspenoid in U. vittatus and U. guttatus.

3 illus, 5 tables, 41 ref

024492   MOHSIN M, MU Y T, NOMAN M, MEMON A M, MEHAK A (Ocean Univ of China, Qingdao-266 003, China, Email: ytmu@ouc.edu.cn) : Length-weight relationship of five native fish species from Chashma barrage at the Indus river, Pakistan. Indian J Geo-Mar Sci 2018, 47(02), 355-6.

Length-weight relationships (LWRs) of Wallago attu, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Catla catla, Ctenopharyngodon idella and Mastacembelus armatus were estimated as W = 0.141 L^2.384, W = 0.041 L^2.654, W = 0.014 L^2.966, W = 0.011 L^2.952 and W = 0.013 L^2.565 correspondingly in this study.

1 table, 9 ref

024491   MUKHERJEE M, KARNA S K, MANNA R K, SURESH V R, PANDA D, SHARMA A P, ROYCHOWDHARY A, RAUT A (ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, West Bengal-700 120, Email: rkmanna@yahoo.com) : First record of dusky tailed cardinal fish, Taeniamia macroptera (Cuvier, 1828) from Chilika lagoon, India. Indian J Geo-Mar Sci 2018, 47(01), 176-9.

Surveys conducted to study the fish diversity of Chilika lagoon, east coast of India, during 27-30 May 2015 recorded the species Taeniamia macroptera (Dusky-tailed cardinalfish) belonging to the family Apogonidae. This is a new record from the lagoon. The species, occurring in marine waters along the costs of India, was recorded from the saline zone, 11 km inside the lagoon at a salinity of 34.6 ppt.

2 illus, 1 table, 35 ref

024490   ZIAULLAH, ZEHRA I, GONDAL M A (Biosciences Dep, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan, Email: gondalmasif@gmail.com) : Studies on the vertical distribution pattern in mangrove associated molluscs along the Karachi coast, Pakistan. Indian J Geo-Mar Sci 2018, 47(01), 127-34.

Present study consists the vertical distribution pattern in mangrove associated molluscs (gastropods and bivalves) in two mangal areas: Sandspit and Korangi along the Karachi coast, Pakistan. The vertical distribution pattern delineated that the number of species decreased from high to low tide zone at two sites, however, marked differences were encountered with reference to the density distribution. At Sandspit, highest annual mean density was observed in the high tide zone followed by low and mid tide zones respectively, while, at Korangi the highest annual mean density was observed in the mid tide zone followed by high and low tide zones respectively. An important correlation was observed between the vertical distribution pattern of species and the sediments.

1 table, 46 ref

024489   MAHAPATRO D, KARNA S K, MOHANTY S K, MOHANTY B, MUDULI P R, PATTNAIK A K, NANDA S (Chilika Development Authority, Khurda - 752 030, Email: debasish.iczmp@gmail.com) : First record of a burrowing mole crab Emerita emeritus (Decapoda: Anomura: Hippidae) from Chilika Lake, East coast of India. Indian J Geo-Mar Sci 2018, 47(01), 109-13.

This paper provides the first information regarding the first record of a burrowing crab Emerita emeritus Linnaeus, 1767 (Family: Hippidae) from the Chilika lake. It is first ever to record mole crab from a brackish water coastal ecosystem. The extensive sandy intertidal region of outer channel area becomes the suitable habitat for the preponderance of this crab species.

3 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref

024488   KUMAR J S Y, GEETHA S , RAGHUNATHAN C, SORNARAJ R (Marine Aquarium and Regional Centre, Digha – 721 428, Email: coralyogesh@yahoo.co.in) : Diversity and distribution of Gorgonians (Octocorallia) in the long Island and it?s adjacent areas in middle Andaman, India. Indian J Geo-Mar Sci 2018, 47(01), 96-102.

The diversity and distribution of gorgonian were assessed at seven sites at Long Island and it’s adjusting areas in Middle Andaman during 2013 to 2015. A total of 28 species of gorgonians are reported in shallow reef areas. Maximum life form was observed in Guaiter Island and Minimum in Headlamp Patch. A significant positive correlation was observed between the Islands, the species diversity was high for the genera Junceella, Subergorgia and Ellisella. Principal Component Analysis also supported for this three genes.

6 illus, 3 tables, 32 ref

024487   KUMAR J S Y, GEETHA S, RAGHUNATHAN C, SORNARAJ R (Marine Aquarium and Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Digha – 721 428, Email: coralyogesh@yahoo.co.in) : A note on shallow water Octocorallia from Nicobar Islands, India. Indian J Geo-Mar Sci 2018, 47(01), 60-6.

Present study revealed the diversity of shallow water soft coral octocorallia (Helioporacea, Alcyonacea, Pennatulacea, Gorgonacea) in Nicobar group of Islands. The sampling made at 11 study sites with help of SCUBA diving to the depth of 5 to 30 m. A total 27 species were found in Nicobar Island. Of which the Alcyonacea was dominant group followed by Gorgonacea, Helioporacea and Pennatulacea at all the study sites which is contributed with result obtained based on Principal Component analysis, De-Treneded analysis and Ternary plot. Bray-Curtis cluster analysis resulted 75 % similarity between the study sites in Nicobar Islands.

6 illus, 3 tables, 23 ref

024486   MOHAMED I H (Zoology Dep, Omar AL-Mukhtar Univ, Albida, Email: idr issm836@gmail.com) : Study of the physiological alterations induced by cisplatin in mice and the possible protective role of green tea. Int J Pharm Life Sci 2018, 9(2), 5722-9.

Cisplatin (CDDP) isan anti-cancerDNA alkylating chemotherapeutic agent act against a variety of tumors. The present study aimed to evaluate the possible protective effects of green tea on the physiological parameters in mice chronically treated with CDDP. Four groups of mice were examined: a control mice saline PBS solution (group I), mice treated with CDDP (group II), mice treated with CDDP and green tea (group III), and normal mice treated with green tea (group IV). All animals were treated for successively five days and killed one week after the last treatment. The results recorded that CDDP treatment significantly decreased the levels of white blood cells (WBCs), red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and lymphocytes count. Also, CDDP increased the hepatocytes oxidative stress which characterized by increasing prooxidants xanthine oxidase (XO), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and decreasing of antioxidants glutathione peroxidase (GPx). As a result, hepatocytes injury took place that characterized with serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities. The treatment of mice with green tea to CDDP group (group III) or mice treated with gr een tea alone group (group IV) successfully normalized the physiological parameters in form returning WBCs, RDW and lymphocytes counts to normal levels, and decreased the hepatocytes oxidative stress which characterized by decreasing Prooxidants (OX, TBARS) and increasing of antioxidants GPx reflected by significant decrease in the serum activities of AST, ALT and(ALP) activities.

9 illus, 3 tables, 41 ref

024485   QADAR I, QAMAR A (Zoology Dep, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh - 202002, Email: ayesha.zoology@gmail.com) : Pheromone producing dorsal abdominal glands in Leptocoris augur. Biosci Biotech Res Asia 2018, 15(1), 187-93.

Morphology of the scent (pheromone) glands is the first and basic step in understanding the mechanism of working of this highly evolved and integrated system of communication in insects. Leptocoris augur contains a pair of large and distinct symmetric exocrine dorsal abdominal glands (DAGs) found in the dorsal abdominal segments. The glands are simple, voluminous, sac-like and bright orange that turn brown and downsized with age. They are invested with a large and dense network of trachea and open to the exterior via minute slit shaped openings in the form of ostioles that remain permanently open to the outside. The functional specificity of these glands can be associated with the activities ranging from aggregation to sexual behaviours like courtship and mating. The mating is not restricted to a specific season, being distributed all-round the year; however, the insect prefers low and humid temperature for mating and they can be seen congregating in huge numbers when the hot summers subside and the rainy season arrives. We didn’t observe any considerable variation in size of these glands with respect to the body size in between the instars and the adults. Further, there were no significant difference between males and females in terms of the size of these DAGs.

5 illus, 28 ref

024484   AL-GHAMDI K M, FARAGALLAH A A, SALEH M S, MAHYOUB J A, AL-SOLAMI H M (Biological Sciences Dep, King Abdul Aziz Univ, Jeddah-21589, Saudi Arabia, Email: hmalsolami@gmail.com) : Monitoring the population fluctuation of the prevalent dipterous fly species complex (order: Diptera) by using malaise and yellow sticky traps in animal pens in Jeddah Governorate, Western KSA. Biosci Biotech Res Asia 2018, 15(1), 131-8.

The main goal of this study was the monitoring of the population fluctuation of the prevalent dipterous fly species complex and to generate a baseline data in Jeddah Governorate and it’s surroundings using malaise and yellow sticky traps in animal pens including sheep, cow, cattle and vegetable market. Data recovered indicated the continued presence of four prevalent fly species including the tachinid species complex, the house fly Musca domestica L., the flesh fly Sarcophaga carnaria and the hover fly (Sphaerophoria) at the rate of 59.91%, 23.55%, 16.14% and 0.41% respectively. It is noteworthy to report the continued presence throughout the year of the tachinid species complex which might indicate it’s efficiency in suppressing the fly population, the fluctuation of other prevalent species that are present extantly.

5 illus, 5 tables, 26 ref

024483   KUMAR N K, NAGESHWAR M, REDDY K P (Zoology Dep, Osmania Univ, Hyderabad, Email: pratapkreddyou@gmail.com) : Curcumin reduce sodium fluoride-induced oxidative stress in rat brain. Biosci Biotech Res Asia 2018, 15(1), 71-7.

This study reports the ameliorative role of curcumin against sodium fluoride (NaF) induced oxidative stress in the brain of rats. The rats were divided into control, NaF (20 mg/kg), NaF+Curcumin (20 mg/kg) and Curcumin (20 mg/kg) groups respectively and treated at everyday interval for 60 consecutive days. Oxidative stress markers in the brain were measured at 60th day. NaF treatment significantly increased LPO content, but decreased the level of GSH and activities of SOD, GPx, and CAT the brain of rats in comparison to the control rats. Oral administration of curcumin to fluoride exposed rats significantly reversed the content of lipid peroxidation, as well as enhanced the level of GSH and SOD, GPx and CAT activities to normal compared to NaF exposed rats. Thus, curcumin showed the potential to prevent sodium fluoride induced oxidative damage in the brain of rats and curcumin may be useful agents against neurodegeneration in the brain.

5 illus, 30 ref

024482   KAUSHIK R, DIGE M, DASS G, RAMACHANDRAN N, ROUT P K (Genetics and Breeding Div, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Mathura-281 122, Email: rout_ctc@hotmail.com) : Superoxide dismutase activity in response to heat stress in Jamunapari goats. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2018, 55(1), 39-43.

Superoxide radicals cause damage to cell by inhibiting some critical enzyme activities of the cell, lipid peroxidation in the membranes and DNA damage. Superoxide dismutases (SOD) play a critical role in regulating the oxidative stress and heat stress. As SOD regulates cell defense during heat stress, therefore the present study was designed to analyse the SOD activity in lactating animals and in growing kids of Jamunapari goats during peak heat stress period. Heat stress susceptible and tolerant phenotypes were identified based on distribution of respiration rate (RR) and heart rate (HR), the animals exhibiting RR ≥50 and HR ≥130 are recognised as heat stress susceptible (HSS) phenotype and RR ≤30 and HR ≤100 individuals are recognized as heat stress tolerant (HST) in adult goats during heat stress period. SOD activity (Inhibition percent) was 31.63% and 36.92% in lactating goats and kids at 9 months of age, respectively. Sex and birth type had significant effect (P <0.01) on SOD activity at 9 months of age of growing kids. Males had lower SOD activity than females at 9 month of age. The SOD activity of heat stress susceptible (HSS) individuals was significantly higher (P <0.01) than heat stress tolerant (HST) animals in lactating goats. There was no significant difference (P> 0.01) observed in SOD activity of kids on a within HSS and HST phenotype. Heat stress tolerant individuals had lower SOD activity than heat stress susceptible individuals during lactating stage. SOD play significant role during lactating condition as compared to growth stage in Jamunapari goats.

1 illus, 4 tables, 25 ref

024481   MESELU D, ABEBE R, MEKIBIB B (School of Veterinary Medicine, Hawassa Univ, Hawassa, Ethiopia, Email: rahmetoabe@gmail.com) : Prevalence of epizootic lymphangitis and bodily distribution of lesions in Cart-Mules in Bahir Dar Town, Northwest Ethiopia. J Vet Sci Technol 2018, 9 (1), 1000509.

Epizootic lymphangitis (EL) is a debilitating equine disease that in its classical form is characterized by chronic discharging cutaneous nodules. The disease has been reported to be endemic in Ethiopia, a country where equids provide a vital utility and source of income to many people in resource-poor settings. This study was conducted in Bahir Dar town, Northwest Ethiopia to investigate the prevalence, risk factors and bodily distribution of lesions of EL in cart-mules. To this effect, both clinical and microscopic examinations were made on a total of 402 mules and an overall prevalence of 32.84 % (132/402) was recorded. The mules had nodular, ulcerative pyogranulomatous lesions following the lymphatic lines of the legs (79.6 %), on their neck (9.85 %), around the inguinal area (6.82 %), on their back (2.27 %) and on their perineum (1.52 %). None of the risk factors considered (sex, body condition score, use of harness, and presence of wound prior to the disease) were noted to be significantly associated with the presence of EL on mules (p>0.05). Moreover, 34 % of the cart-mule owners were reported not to allow mules affected with EL offwork even for a single day. In conclusion, the present study has revealed a high prevalence of EL in mules and it is the second work in Ethiopia disproving the assumption that mules are resistant to the disease. Thus, early detection of the disease and treatment with effective drugs and restriction of movement of affected animals is recommended to prevent the spread of the disease to unaffected equids. Also, future studies are required to find out the factors predisposing mules to EL.

2 tables, 22 ref

024480   ALOTO D, ETICHA E (Veterinary Drug and Animal Feed Administration and Control Authority, Hawassa, Ethiopia, Email: eyoba20000@gmail.com) : Leeches: A review on their pathogenic and beneficial Effects. J Vet Sci Technol 2018, 9 (1), 1000511.

Leech is one of the external sanguivorous parasites contributing to the reduction in productivity of livestock in different part of the World. Leeches bite the skin of the host and allow copious flow of blood preventing clot by hirudin. The bite is not painful, but the wounds may bleed for a long time and the clinical signs can be seen following this blood loss. Types of leech vary depending on ways by which they feed. Leech is segmented and lacks as hard exoskeleton; in its place it has a thin, flexible cuticle. For the most part leeches are aquatic, but terrestrial species are also found. Leeches are hermaphroditic and their feed relationships are varied. Hirudo medicinalis is the most known medicinal leech. Diagnosis can be made from clinical signs and finding the parasite in the bite area. Triclorfon, chloroform water, neguvon solution, mechanical removal, and tracheotomy in extreme cases are the best treatment approaches. Avoiding leech, depopulating infected water bodies and application of ‘endod’ to watering points are some methods of control and prevention.

2 illus, 25 ref

024479   KUNDOO A A, DAR S A, MUSHTAQ M, BASHIR Z, DAR M S, GUL S, ALI M T, GULZAR S (Entomology Dep, Sher-e-Kashmir Univ of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar) : Role of neonicotinoids in insect pest management. J Entomol Zool Stud 2018, 6(1), 333-9.

Neonicotinoids are the most widely used insecticides in the world. They are systemic in action, travelling through plant tissues and protecting all parts of the crop, and are widely applied as seed dressings. Neonicotinoids are registered globally in more than 120 countries and found to be effective against sucking pests. In terms of area treated almost 90 % of the use is as seed treatments. Some of these active substances are approved for use as seed treatments (clothianidin), some as foliar applications (acetimiprid and thiacloprid) and some for both (imidacloprid and thiamethoxam). They are nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists; they bind strongly to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the central nervous system of insects, causing nervous stimulation at low concentrations, but receptor blockage, paralysis and death at higher concentrations. Neonicotinoids bind more strongly to insect nAChRs than to those of vertebrates, so they are selectively more toxic to insects; and present no hazard to mammals; they provide effective pest control and have numerous uses in arable farming and horticulture. They provide an alternative mode of action to organophosphate, carbamates and pyrethroid insecticides. This allows them to play a key role in helping to prevent the buildup of resistance in the pests concerned. These show higher efficacy and used at a lower dosage as compared to other conventional insecticides. There is absence of cross-resistance in neonicotinoids with pyrethroids, carbamates, organophosphates and organochlorines.

4 tables, 34 ref

024478   SHARMA R K, BHULLAR M B (Entomology Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana, Punjab) : Status of acaricide resistance in field collected two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch from vegetable growing areas of Punjab, India. J Entomol Zool Stud 2018, 6(1), 328-32.

Two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acarina: Tetranychidae), has gained importance in view of their widespread occurrence as a pest on vegetables in Punjab. So far, scanty information is available on the status of acaricide resistance in T. urticae populations in North India. So the study was conducted in 2015-16 to monitor the magnitude of resistance in T. urticae on brinjal against different acaricides viz., propargite, spiromesifen, fenpyroximate and fenazaquin collected from different vegetable growing areas (Amritsar, Hoshiarpur, Malerkotla and Patiala) of Punjab. Patiala population was least susceptible to fenazaquin (RR 24.65) among all tested acaricides while Amritsar population was found to be highly susceptible (RR 6.67) Among all tested acaricides, fenpyroximate (0.00205 – 0.00954 per cent) was found to be the most toxic against all the tested populations except Malerkotla population. Low to moderate levels of resistance (3.19-24.65 fold) was reported in T. urticae to tested acaricides in Punjab.

2 tables, 41 ref

024477   ZESWITA A L, FITRIANI V, NURSYAHRA, SAFITRI E, IRDAWATI (Education of Biology Dep, Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, West Sumatera, Indonesia) : Microbial analysis on freshwater shell (Corbicula sumatrana) in Singkarak lake Solok district west Sumatera Indonesia. J Entomol Zool Stud 2018, 6(1), 291-3.

Corbicula sumatrana is typical of freshwater mussels or brackish water economically valuable. Corbicula sumatrana is a shellfish which known by people with the name Lokan. Lokan consumed by people as a source of animal protein and animal feed ingredients. Singkarak Lake is used by people in daily life from the source of drinking water, toilets, fisheries, irrigation, Hydroelectric Power Plant and Tourism. Many activities of the community could be expected to cause pollution and affect the C. sumatrana become vectors of biotoxin because his diet is filter-feeder. Lokan meat is an excellent medium for bacterial growth. This study aims to determine the presence of Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. on fresh meat shelfishes (C. sumatrana) originating from Singkarak Lake. The research was conducted in April–August 2015 and January –April 2016. This research is a descriptive method, by looking at and analyzing the presence of microorganisms are bacteria E. coli and Salmonella sp. The method used to determine the bacteriological quality of the meat is Lokan by MPN method and examination of Salmonella. Data were analyzed by calculating the number of bacteria E. coli by observing the number of positive results of the estimation of presumptive test, confirmative test and completed test. The next number of bacteria from each positive results are matched with MPN table. Salmonella sp. test was done by looking at the colony grows. The results of bacteriological tests on meat samples were examined in BAPELKES Padang showed that of the four samples tested, three of which were negative for the bacteria E. coli samples take in Nagari Singkarak and samples contained negative for Salmonella sp. Of this study is suggested to consumers that cooking shellfishes perfectly, to avoid diseases that may occur because it is caused by bacteria.

2 tables, 12 ref

024476   BAJRACHARYA A S R, BHAT B (Entomology Div, Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC), Nepal) : Life cycle of South American tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) in Nepal. J Entomol Zool Stud 2018, 6(1), 287-90.

In order to develop integrated management strategy against recently introduced invasive South American tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) in Nepal, life cycle and few biological parameters were studied in laboratory conditions (27±2 ^oC temperature and 75 percent relative humidity) at Entomology Division, NARC during August to September, 2017. The average developmental period from egg to adult of T. absoluta was found 18.37 days. Average egg, larval and pupal periods was recorded 3, 8.26, and 7.11 days respectively. Adult longevity was found 13.47 days irrespective of sex. Length and breadth of egg was found 0.43 mm and 0.21 mm, whereas, 4.88 mm and 1.45 mm of pupa. Length of first, second, third and fourth instar larvae were recorded 0.63 mm, 1.59 mm, 3.86 mm and 7.19 mm, respectively. The head capsule width was found 0.15 mm, 0.27 mm and 0.41 mm of first, second and third larval moults.

3 tables, 12 ref

024475   SINGH W L, SONOWAL J, DAS A, BARUA P M, GOGOI C, MAHANTA D, DEURI N, SATHAPATHY S (Veterinary Science Coll, Assam Agricultural Univ, Guwahati, Assam) : Recovery of bovine oocytes in respect of quality and quantity by using different techniques. J Entomol Zool Stud 2018, 6(1), 250-3.

The study evaluated the best techniques (aspiration/ slicing) for the recovery of oocytes from the bovine ovary. Total 601 numbers of bovine ovaries were divided as group-I (aspiration) and group-II (Slicing). The oocytes collected from the groups were classified into 3 categories separately as Type A, B and C in respect of the morphology of cumulus cell layers tightly adhered with the zonapellucida of oocytes and cytoplasmic appearance of oocyte. The rate of recovery in aspiration technique was found to be the highest for grade A (62.27 ± 1.60) and the least in grade C (13.98 ± 1.41) type of oocytes; while for slicing technique, highest in grade B (51.36 ± 2.01) and the least in grade C (18.23 ±1.31) type of oocytes. The rate of recovery of culturable oocytes (grade A+B) was 86.01 ± 1.41 and 81.76 ± 1.31, by aspiration and slicing technique, respectively. Aspiration technique is the better method for recovery of oocytes for further (in-vitro) studies.

3 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

024474   KUMAR R, RAVI S K , DHOLPURIA S, PUROHIT G N, PUSHP M K, SOLANKI S, GANGULY S, SINGH C P (Veterinary Univ Training and Research Centre, Rajasthan Univ of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, Rajasthan) : Study on fresh semen characteristics in Poitou donkeys. J Entomol Zool Stud 2018, 6(1), 227-9.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the semen characteristics of Poitou donkey. 32 ejaculates from four Poitou donkeys 8 ejaculates from each was collected between month September to November 2016, using Colorado style of AV and Each fresh semen sample was evaluated for total semen volume, gel in semen, gel free volume, progressive sperm motility, sperm concentration, live sperm count and Abnormal sperm percentage were subjected to gross and microscopic evaluation. Mean (± SD) of total semen volume, Gel-free volume, Gel volume and pH were 58.00 ± 4.45 ml, 44.43 ± 3.92 ml, 13.09 ± 1.40 ml and 7.74 ± 0.04 respectively. Progressive sperm motility, sperm concentration, live sperm percentage and abnormal sperm percentage were 88.46 ± 0.35 %, 282.12 ± 4.81 million/ml, 91.84 ± 0.32 % and 8.75 ± 0.26 % respectively. There was no significant individual difference in most semen parameters. The study thus revealed that semen can be successfully collected and evaluated as part of a breeding soundness examination of Poitou donkey.

1 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

024473   KEERTHI M C, SOMASEKHAR, PRABHURAJ A, BHEEMANNA M, KRISHNAMURTHY D (Entomology Dep, Agricultural Sciences Univ, Raichur, Karnataka) : Comparative biology and population dynamics of sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata Rond (Muscidae: Diptera). J Entomol Zool Stud 2018, 6(1), 223-6.

Studies on the biology and population dynamics of shoot fly was carried out at the MARS, Raichur during the study period 2016-17. The biology of the muscid was studied on a susceptible hybrid of sorghum CSH-14 under controlled conditions in the laboratory. The eggs were laid singly on the under surface of leaves, parallel to midrib on third or fourth leaf blades. The egg period lasted for 2.25 ± 0.24 and 2.92 ± 0.32 days in kharif and rabi season, respectively. The total larval period occupied 9.85 ± 0.99 and 12.58 ± 1.47 days in kharif and rabi season, respectively. The pupal stage lasted for 8.92 ± 0.94 and 10.86 ± 1.02 days in kharif and rabi season, respectively. Total life cycle of the shoot fly occupied 21.02 ± 2.20 and 26.36 ± 2.48 days, respectively, during kharif and rabi season. Fish meal was used as attractant for assessing the relative abundance of Atherigona spp., under field condition. During the study period a total of 12,485 flies were trapped with weekly average of 240 per standard week. The peak shoot fly catch (1,025 flies per trap) was recorded during 33rd standard week (Aug 13-19).

1 illus, 3 tables, 18 ref

024472   HAMZAH A M, KADIM H K (Zoonotic Diseases Unit, Baghdad Univ, Iraq) : Isolation and identification of Enterococcus fecalis from cow milk samples and vaginal swab from human. J Entomol Zool Stud 2018, 6(1), 218-22.

The aim of the present study was to isolated the Enterococcus spp. from milk samples of cow and vaginal swabs from aborted women and patient women in Baghdad during September 2016 to april 2017. All 100 milk sample collecting was carried out on California Mastitis Test (CMT) and the positive Percentage of CMT reactions was 5 % and the percentage of Enterococcus isolates from mastitic milk was 60 % and 30 % from nonmasitic milk. The prevalence of Enterococcus spp was 31 % of milk samples and the prevalence of Enterococcus spp. Isolates were 67.74 % of the isolates of cow milk samples were Enterococcus faecalis, 25.80 % was Group D and 6.45 % was non groupable while Enterococcus spp. isolates from aborted women samples were 20 % and all isolated was Enterococcus faecalis. Enterococcus spp was identified by Lancefield grouping test, biochemical tests. This was accomplished by the collection of 200 sample of bovine milk and vaginal swab of aborted women the samples growth in Todd Hewitt broth and incubated aerobically for 24 hours at 37 ⁰C then cultured on azide blood agar by using selective and differential media like macConkey and tellurite along with Lancefield grouping kit. Antibiotic sensitivity test has been done for some isolate which reflected high resistant to (vancomycin, pencillin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, tetracycline and amikacin) the percentage of resistant to antibiotic was 100 % in amikacin, nitrofurantoin and tetracycline for all isolated from aborted women and milk samples.

1 illus, 4 tables, 51 ref

024471   KUMAR P, TIWARI J, SHANKER D, SINGH A K (Parasitology Dep, Veterinary Univ, Mathura, U.P) : A retrospective study of ectoparasites on Indian pipistrelle bat (Pipistrellus coromandra). J Ent Zool Stud 2018, 6(1), 181-4.

Pipistrellus coromandra (Gray) is a species of bat belonging to family Vespertilionidae. It is also named as Indian pipistrelle because of its ubiquitous presence throughout India and for its jerky, erratic flight. In the present study 82 Indian pipistrelle including 28 males and 54 females were examined for the presence of ectoparasites over a period of three years between July 2014 and June 2017. Bats were found infested with one fly of Basilia spp. (6.09 %), two mites of Chiroptonyssus spp. (30.48 %) and Spinturnix spp. (23.17 %) along with a soft tick of Argas spp. (13.41 %). About 60 (73.17 %) animals under the study were found infested with any one or multiple ectoparasites. No internal parasite however, was found in the faecal examination. Monitoring the ectoparasites of Indian pipistrelle bat is important because the animals is notoriously known to resides in close proximity with human shelters during day time and entering into houses in search of insects at dusk, possibly acting as a source of infections to humans and other companion animals. However, literature is lacking information regarding types of parasitic infections of this common bat. As per the available literature, this is the first documentation of parasitic infestation of Pipistrellus coromandra.

4 illus, 1 table, 24 ref

024470   JENA A, DEB A R, KUMARI L, BISWAL S S, JOSHI S K (Veterinary Dep, Ranchi Veterinary Coll, Ranchi, Jharkhand) : Pattern of occurrence of gastrointestinal helminthiasis in Chottanagpuri sheep in and around Ranchi, Jharkhand. J Entomol Zool Stud 2018, 6(1), 175-8.

During the present study, a total of 1506 fecal samples of Chottanagpuri sheep in and around Ranchi, were examined, out of which 942 were found positive for gastrointestinal helminthiasis and showing overall prevalence rate of 62.55 %, of which trematodes were 467 (31.01%), cestodes were 329 (21.85 %) and nematodes had highest prevalence i.e. 588 (39.04 %) with a mixed infection of 442 (29.35 %). Different trematodes detected were Fasciola spp. (28.49 %) and Paramphistomum spp. (29.28 %); only Moniezia expansa (21.18 %) and Moniezia benedeni (12.42 %) were detected in cestodes and the nematodes found were Strongyloides spp. (21.51 %), Trichostrongylus spp. (6.24 %), Haemonchus spp. (36.59 %), Trichuris spp. (11.69 %), Oesophagostomum spp. (23.44 %), Bunostomum spp. (1.06 %), Ostertagia spp. (13.08 %) and Cooperia spp. (1.26 %). Highly significant correlation (P < 0.01) was recorded between animals infected and different GI helminth infections. The present research provided the prevalence pattern and risk factors associated with gastrointestinal helminthiasis.

2 tables, 26 ref

024469   HUSSAIN R, FAROOQ S, KALSOOM M, REHMAN H U (Zoology Dep, Kohat Univ of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan) : Prevalence of Varroa destructor on honey bees hives in district Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. J Entomol Zool Stud 2018, 6(1), 169-71.

The parasitic mite Varroa destructor is responsible for heavy losses in honeybee hives, colonies and is a major threat to the beekeeping industry. Varroa destructor the ectoparasitic honey bee mite are known to be capable of infesting and successfully reproducing in Apis mellifera colonies worldwide. Varroosis has not been thoroughly investigated in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, so the aim of the present study was to observe the current status of V. destructor in beekeeping industry in District Karak. Total 14 hives of honey bees were examined. Almost 308 specimens were collected from different localities of the studied area from November 2016 to May 2017. The overall prevalence of V. destructor was in honey bee hives was 0.64 %. The parasites were more prevalent during the month of April and November. The infection was higher in larvae, pupae as compared to adults. To control Varroa mite oxalic acid concentration are very effective and can be used without any side effect.

2 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

024468   RAJKHOWA J, SARMA K, DEKA A, SINHA S (Anatomy & Histology Dep, Assam Agricultural Univ, Guwahati, Assam) : Macro and micro anatomical study of Harderian gland of pig. J Entomol Zool Stud 2018, 6(1), 166-8.

In the present investigation, 6 numbers of each apparently healthy adult pigs were utilized for detailed anatomical study on gross, histomorphological, histochemical and ultrastructural analysis. In the present study, the Harderian gland was observed with the naked eye in the medioventral region of the orbital cavity attached along with the eye ball, a large glandular structure present in dorso ventral direction. The mean size of the gland was recorded as length 29.29±0.88 mm. width (vental part) 13.16±0.24 mm, width (dorsal part) 10.41±0.22 mm and thickness 7.80±0.22 mm. In the present study, the Harderian gland of pig was a multilobar tubuloalveolar gland with abundances of alveoli and acini. It was covered by a thick connective tissue capsule and contained collagen, elastic, reticular and nerve fibers. The connective tissue capsule also contained blood vessels. The duct of this gland was lined by simple cuboidal epithelium. The connective tissue penetrated from the capsule into the glandular tissue and formed numerous thick and sparse thin septa, and it divided the gland into small and big lobes. The histochemical sections were found positive for PAS Alcian blue 2.5 in pig but showing very weak reaction glycogen. In the current study, scanning electron microphotograph of harderian gland showed the acini, secretory granules and connective tissue fibers.

6 illus, 10 ref

024467   ALI I K A, KADHIM K K, AL-SALIHI A R (Anatomy and Histology Dep, Baghdad Univ, Iraq) : Histological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical comparison of immature rat testis cryopreserved with glycerol, propanediol and dimethylsulphoxide. J Entomol Zool Stud 2018, 6(1), 151-60.

The morphological changes caused by cryopreservation of the testicular tissues with different cryoprotectants have been assessed here. Testes of thirty immature male rats divided into equal five groups; Group (A) as control fresh sample, group (B) with freezing media only. Different freezing protocol were used for other groups; group (C) dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO); group (D) Glycerol and group (E) propanediol (PROH). Light and transmission electron microscope in addition to the Immunohistochemical analysis were carried out. The light and ultrastructure microscopic results showed normal testicular structures were seen in the fresh control group (A), while group (B) showed severe cryoinjury. The severest changes were for propanediol group followed by the glycerol group while DMSO group showed lighter changes. These changes were represented by discontinuity of the cytoplasmic membrane, swelling of the mitochondria and vaculation of the cytoplasm, abnormal nuclei shape with interrupted nuclear membrane and mild clumped chromatin. The results of the DNA fragmentation test revealed the lowest rate of tissue damage in the group (A) and group (C) compared to group (D and E). In conclusion, cryopreservation of immature rat testes by DMSO gave minimum structural alterations of tissue compare with Glycerol and propanediol that did not enhance DNA integrity.

26 illus, 33 ref

024466   ANGELES P M M, JAVIER V S, ALBERTO R O D (National Institute of Fisheries and Aquaculture, C.P. 03310, Mexico) : Evaluation of sperm quality in adult white fish (Chirostoma estor) Jordan 1879, Mexico. J Entomol Zool Stud 2018, 6(1), 121-6.

The sperm quality of the adult white fish Chirostoma estor was evaluated. The study was carried out over a period of 7 months (July 2014 to May 2015), at the facilities of the Regional Fisheries Research Center (CRIP-Pátzcuaro) Michoacán, Mexico. A total of 112 reproductive organisms of 24 months of age with a mean height and weight of 12.63±1.42 (cm) and 16.93±6.19 (g), respectively, were used. Mobility, viability and sperm concentration were determined. The results showed that the form of the spermatozoa of C. estor was cylindrical and uniflagellate. The highest recorded volume was 120 μL for the months of August and September and the lowest volume was recorded in the month of October with 41 μL. Additionally, the motility of the spermatozoa was a progressive forward movement with several movements from their flagellum for the months of April, May, October and November, but in July, 80-90 % of the cells vibrated while others were immobile. With respect to viability, in all months it was 98-100 % of live cells and the maximum sperm concentration was presented in the months of April and May with an average of 2.63 and 3.61 X 10⁶ cells/μL, respectively.

3 illus, 52 ref

024465   BALOCH R A, KHATRI I, BALOCH A, NIZAM-U-DIN, MENGHWAR S, DAD S (Directorate of plant Protection, Agriculture Research Institute, Quetta, Pakistan) : Records of leafhoppers (Cicadellidae) of mekran division, Balochistan, Pakistan. J Entomol Zool Stud 2018, 6(1), 108-10.

Studies on leafhoppers of Mekran division of Balochistan was conducted during 2012-16, total 12 different species of leafhoppers were diagnosed under 3 subfamilies; deltocephalinae, megophthalminae and typhlocybinae. Seven species of deltocephalinae; Goniagnathus quadripinnatus Dash and Viraktamath 2001, Neolimnus egyptiacus (Matsumura, 1953), Aconurella prolixa (Lethierry, 1885), Balclutha incisa (Matsumura, 1902), Stirellus lahorensis (Distant 1918), Maiestas indicus (Pruthi, 1936), Exitianus indicus (Distant 1908). Three species of megophthalminae; Austroagallia robusta Sawai Singh and Gill 1973, Austroagallia sarobica Dlabola 1964, Platyproctus maculatus (Pruthi, 1930). Two species of typhlocybinae; Zyginidia quyumi (Ahmed, 1969), Amrasca biguttula (Ishida, 1912) were discovered.

8 ref

024464   COOPER M I (South Africa Univ, South Africa) : Allometry for sexual dimorphism in millipedes (Diplopoda). J Entomol Zool Stud 2018, 6(1), 91-6.

Rensch’s rule predict the negative associations between sexual size dimorphism (SSD) and body sizes for relatively larger females. This prediction was tested for forest and savanna diplopods using a geometric morphometric approach using calculations of length and width to derive shape volume based on the mathematical formulae for estimated cylindrical worm-like millipede size (l.π.r²) and spherical pill millipede size (4/3.π.r³): (i) Centrobolus (were collected in February 1996, South Africa) SSD was 0.63-2.89 (1.52 ± 0.35; 267) (ii) Sphaerotherium (extracted from literature) SSD was 1.49-5.36 (2.96 ± 1.40; n ≥ 7); (iii) savanna (Calostreptus, Doratogonus, Odontopyge and Spinotarsus were collected in February 1989, Zimbabwe) and forest helminthomorphs (collected in February 1996, South Africa) SSD was 0.88-1.62 (1.26 ± 0.23; 1233). Interspecific variation regressed was SSD (0.63-5.36) on body sizes (n=1273) with no significant negative correlations rejecting Rensch’s rule. Eco-morphological patterns were discussed.

2 illus, 3 tables, 85 ref

024463   RANA N, FATIMA S, IQBAL M Z, KHAN A S, AFZAL S, AMIN T, IMRAN M, YAQOOB M (Zoology Dep, Agriculture Univ, Faisalabad) : Designing the invertebrates modules nocturnal inhabit and their adaptability toward different aqueous solutions. J Entomol Zool Stud 2018, 6(1), 41-7.

During present research from both aqueous solutions (10 % formalin and sugar solution), from both solutions, total 2788 specimens were collected and maximum population was recorded from formalin solution 57.89 % (N = 1614) and least population was recorded from sugar solution i.e. 42.11 % (N=1174). As for as taxa composition was concerned, from formalin solution, total 89 species were recorded belonging to 9 orders, 43 families and 73 genera. Whereas, for sugar solution, total 74 species were counted pertaining to 08 orders, 33 families and 58 genera. In case of formalin solution, maximum population was recorded during 6th sampling (252 ± 64.06), and least values were recorded during 5^th and 1^st sampling (69 ± 53.32). Whereas, species abundance was recorded utmost in 3^rd sampling (33 species) at temperature and humidity 38.9 °C and 28 %, respectively. In case of sugar solution, maximum population was recorded during 6^th sampling (195 ± 54.87) and least values were recorded in 9^th and 10^th samples (71 ± 32.81) and (62 ± 39.17), respectively. Whereas, species abundance was recorded utmost in 4^th sampling (29 species) at temperature and humidity 41.6 °C and 16.0 %. For both solutions, maximum relative abundance was recorded for Psammodes sulcicollis (Tenebrionidae) 26.83 % (N=433) “formalin solution” and 26.41 % (N = 310) “sugar solution”. Diversity (H') was recorded maximum among formalin solution (0.4035) and least was recorded among sugar solution (0.2935). Species richness was again recorded high among formalin (23.3968) and least among sugar solution (20.8780). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) among both (formalin and sugar) showed non-significant results (F=0.22; P=0.6478).

3 illus, 2 tables, 41 ref

024462   RANA N, IMRAN M, BAKHAT T, KHAN A S, FATIMA K, JAVED S, FATIMA S, BIBI S, IQBAL M Z (Zoology Dep, Agriculture Univ, Faisalabad) : Prevalence pattern and susceptible strains of order Diptera, Lepidoptera and Coleoptera among Sarson (Brassica campestris) fields under different ecological conditions. J Entomol Zool Stud 2018, 6(1), 33-40.

The present study was conducted at Ayub Agriculture Research Institute (AARI) and village Pansera, district Faisalabad from November, 2014 through March, 2015. Maximum population was recorded from AARI fields 51.89 % (N=274) and least from Pansera fields i.e. 48.11 % (N=254). Overall, significant results were recorded from AARI fields and among them, higher relative abundance (67.15 %; N=184) was recorded for order Diptera. From Pensera Sarson fields, higher relative abundance (71.26 %; N=181) was recorded again for order Diptera, followed by Lepidoptera (25.98 %; N=66); however, least relative abundance (2.76 %; N=7) was recorded for order Coleoptera. Diversity (H) was recorded maximum among AARI fields (0.0685) and least was recorded among Pansera fields (0.0635). Evenness ratio was also recorded in same context (0.0281 and 0.0264, respectively); and richness was a little bit recorded high among Pansera fields (17.7080) and least among AARI (15.1036).

6 tables, 19 ref

024461   KHARE A, BAGHEL R P S, NAYAK S, MALAPURE C D, THAKUR D, KHARE V (Animal Nutrition Dep, A.H. Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science Univ, M.P) : Relative bioavailability of phosphorus from different inorganic sources in rats. J Entomol Zool Stud 2018, 6(1), 17-9.

Phosphorus (P) bioavailability from different sources i.e. Dicalcium phosphate (DCP), monosodium phosphate (SP) and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) using adult rats was determined in the present study. Relative bioavailability (RBV) and phosphorus retention using three balanced diets (T1, T2 and T3) were estimated. Initial phosphorus content in rat carcass was 0.912 g. While, the final phosphorus content in all the three groups i.e. T1, T2 and T3 were 1.65, 1.85 and 1.66 g, respectively. Feed efficiency in all the three groups was numerically very close i.e. 0.3, 0.3 and 0.33 in T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Net phosphorus retained in the body of rats during the period of 30 days was 0.744, 0.934 and 0.745 g in T1, T2 and T3 group, respectively. And thus finally relative bioavailability was calculated using initial and final P content which were 93.93 % for dicalcium phosphate, 96.88 % for monosodium phosphate and 87.03 % for diammonium phosphate.

9 tables, 10 ref

024460   MISHRA A, SHUKLA S , CHOPRA A K (Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri Univ, Haridwar- 249 404, Email: anand.mishra.am@gmail.com) : Effect of heavy metal, copper sulphate and potassium chromate on behaviour of ?Tailless water flea? Simocephalus vetulus (Crustacea - Cladocera). J Appl Nat Sci 2018, 10(1), 507-17.

Water fleas constitute major zooplankton population of fresh water aquatic ecosystem. Their population density is an indicative of well-being of aquatic bodies. Simocephalus vetulus (Crustacea - Cladocera) is a tailless water flea and is well suited lab model for environmental monitoring. Copper a Gray listed heavy metals despite being an essential micronutrient, becomes highly toxic when present in excess quantity in aquatic ecosystem thereby causing deleterious effects on aquatic flora as well as fauna. The water-flea exposed to acute 0.37 mg/l (96 hr LC₅₀), sub-acute 0.0925 mg/l (25 % of 96 hr LC₅₀) value and chronic 0.037 mg/l (10 % of 96 hr LC₅₀) value of copper sulphate and acute 0.16 mg/l (96 hr LC₅₀), sub-acute 0.04 mg/l (25 % of 96 hr LC₅₀) value and chronic 0.016 mg/l (10% of 96 hr LC₅₀) value of potassium chromate showed behavioural alterations like initial hyperactivity, fast appendage movements and in phototaxis, geotaxis and avoidance indices. At later stage erratic swimming and spinning, reduced activity, loss of balance, reduced feeding and darkening of cuticular coloration, reduced phototactic, geotaxis and avoidance indices were the major effects on its behaviour. The behavioural alterations of S. vetulus showed the most susceptible and foremost indication of potential toxic effects. Various behavioural parameters, used in present study may serve as better biomarkers about metal toxicity and monitoring of drinking water quality.

6 illus, 2 tables, 78 ref

024459   KUMARI P, KUMAR N R (Zoology Dep, Punjab Univ, Chandigarh-160 014, Email: priyanka.dadhwal.chandel@gmail.com) : A new species from genus Megachile subgenus Callomegachile (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) from Chandigarh and Punjab plains. J Appl Nat Sci 2018, 10(1), 454-8.

A new species Megachile pseudodisjuncta of the bee is being reported from Genus Megachile and Subgenus Callomegachile. It bears a close resemblance to M. disjuncta from which it has been distinguished on the basis of certain morphological characters and genitalia. Megachilid bees bear utmost significance because they are very good pollinators of both cultivated and wild fauna. Consequently, their taxonomic identification and conservation are very crucial. The detailed taxonomically important morphological characters of both the species were studied and photographed. Male sternum and genitalia were studied microscopically and photographed. The material examined and floral associations have also been presented in the paper.

1 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

024458   RAZVI R, RAJPUT R (Veterinary Anatomy Dep, Dr. G.C.Negi Coll of veterinary and Animal Science, Palampur, Email: doctorrahika356@gmail.com) : Morphometric studies on the embryonic gall bladder and cystic duct of Gaddi sheep in different prenatal age groups. J Appl Nat Sci 2018, 10(1), 430-3.

The objective in the present study was to reconnoiter the morphological structure and biometrical parameters of embryonic gallbladder and cystic duct during the fetal life of Gaddi sheep. A total number of 40 Gaddi sheep foetii samples were collected irrespective of sex and without any external anomaly or pathology. The age estimation of each foetus was done and accordingly the foetii were grouped as; group-I (1-60 days), group-II (61-90 days) group-III (91-120 days) and group-IV (121 –full term). The gall bladder from each foetii were excised hygienically. Gall bladder appeared at Crown Rump Length CRL 6.0 cm (46 days of gestational age) and was slate blue colour in fresh state and settled into the visceral surface of right lobe of liver. It had single opening which continued as cystic duct. The maximum length and width of gall bladder (1.85 cm and 0.75 cm respectively) and cystic duct (1.68 cm and 0.18 cm respectively) increased with the advancement of gestational age.

2 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

024457   BHENDARKAR M P, RATHOD R H, JOSHI H D, SAHOO U (Aquaculture Div, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai- 400 061, Email: harshjoshicofsn@gmail.com) : Study on the fecundity and gonado somatic index of Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1817) of southern coast of Maharashtra, India. J Appl Nat Sci 2018, 10(1), 107-10.

Investigation of fecundity and gonado somatic index (GSI) of Rastrelliger kanagurta were carried out from March 2011 to February 2012. Fecundity was determined at different length, weight and ovary ranges of different individual fishes. Study revealed that at 5 % significant level significant average absolute fecundity was found to be 1,08,266 and relative fecundity ranged from 407 to 1499. The number of ova generally increased with increase in length and weight. However, variations in fecundity with respect to length and weight were also noticed. The gonado- somatic index (GSI) was calculated for each individual fish (592 numbers) and was averaged for each month. The average GSI values were plotted against each month to analysed monthly variations. GSI showed wide variations between sex and it was highest for both males and females during the month of April and September, showing occurrence of more ripe individuals. Analysis of regression showed that there were significant relationship between the fecundity with the fish length, body weight and ovary weight.

4 illus, 21 ref

024456   RASHMI A, AHMAD A, SAXENA A K (Zoology Dep, Govt. Raza P.G. Coll, Rampur, Email: akscsir@rediffmail.com) : Mortality caused by aqueous extract of the leaves of Datura stramineus to goat biting louse, Bovicola caprae (Phthiraptera). J Appl Nat Sci 2018, 10(1), 77-9.

Extensive and indiscriminate use of organic lousicides is leading to environmental hazards i.e. persis-tence of residues, development of resistance and targeting of non-target beneficial organism. Hence, phytotherapy is emerging as effective tool for louse control, due to ecofriendly and biodegradable nature of plant extracts. In the present study the mortality and repellency caused by five concentration of aqueous extract of the leaves of common-ly available Datura stramineus were tested against goat biting louse, Bovicola caprae. Fifteen percent concentration of extract prepared from leaves of aforesaid plant imparted 77 % mortality and 66 % repellency to goat biting louse.

1 illus, 17 ref

024455   KUMAR S, ALI R, KHAN G, SAXENA A K (Zoology Dep, Govt. Raza Postgraduate Coll, Rampur, Email: akscsir@rediffmail.com) : Nature of crop contents of an amblyceran pigeon louse, Colpocephalum turbinatum (Phthiraptera: Insecta). J Appl Nat Sci 2018, 10(1), 45-7.

Selected haemetophagous phthirapterans have been convicted to act as reservoir and transmitter of pathogens among their hosts. Amblyceran Phthiraptera are generally believed to exhibit varying degree of haemetophagy. The microscopic examination of 100 adults (both sexes) and 47 nymphal instars of an amblyceran louse, Colpocephalum turbinatum revealed their non haemetophagous nature as any red content compatible with host blood was not detected in their crops. The crops of the lice were found packed with only feather barbules. On seven instances the pieces of egg chorion and in 20 cases the presence of epidermal tissue were also detected in crop contents. However, the presence of any triturating agent (any structure which can help in grinding the feather contents) was not noticed. SEM studies on the ventral side of the head of the louse do not indicate the presence of any pointed gear which can be used to pierce the skin blood vessels of host. Present study suggests that few amblyceran species of Phthiraptera are not in haemetophagous in nature.

1 illus, 1 table, 14 ref