004263   SUWARNI, TRESNATI J, OMAR S B A, TUWO A (Fisheries Dep, Hasanuddin Univ, Makassar, Indonesia) : Some reproductive biology studies of rabbit fish Siganus canaliculatus (park,1797) from the southern coastal waters of Jeneponto, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biosci Biotech Res Asia 2019, 16(3), 617-24.

The rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus population has been exploited intensively in the Jeneponto Regency South Sulawesi by fishermen used non selective fishing gear, throughout the year even the spawning season. The intensive fishing without management policy can caused decreasing of the rabbit fish population, and if it continues population will be collapse. This study was conducted to investigate some of the reproductive biological study of this species. A total of 1821 specimens of S. canaliculatus consisting of 1436 males and 385 females were randomly collected on a monthly from fishers in the coastal waters of the Jeneponto, South Sulawesi. The fecundity and gonad stage were studied for 39 female individuals varied between 85 and 284 mm total length (TL). Egg diameters were determined using the microscope. The overall sex ratio (Males: Females) ranged from 1.7: 1 to 8.2:1 The estimation of fecundity was between 5416 and 130760 eggs.ind^-1, and increased with fish length, body weight and gonad weight. Egg diameter of S. canaliculatus in this study ranged from 0.1-0.5 of stage III. 0.35- 0.45 of stage IV, 0.1-0.55 of stage V, and 0.35-0.55 of stage VI. Egg diameters increased with increased fish length. Egg diameters increased with increased fish length.

5 illus, 4 tables, 16 ref

004247   KIEWHUO M, ROLLENYANTHAN, MILEPOVESE, SWU M, KISO M, IMSONG M I, PFOTE P, NANDAKUMAR R (Zoology Dep, St.Joseph Univ, Dimapur- 797 115, Nagaland, Email: drnkzoo@gmail.com) : Polymorphismic changes in blood groups of the Naga tribes of Nagaland. Biosci Biotech Res Asia 2019, 16(3), 555-63.

Northern India is one of the oldest geophysical regions of human evolution and migration in the world. Genetic and anthropological studies have shown that the peopling the subcontinent is characterized by a complex history, contributed from different ancestral populations. Genetic level studies of polymorphisms always associated with health and diseases of population becoming the need of hours. The present study was aimed to explore the relationship of ABO blood groups association of populations and to assess the prevalence of blood groups in different categories of Northern India and to compare our results with other studies conducted in India. Blood samples from 155 unrelated individuals was collected from Naga tribal settlements Blood groups of individuals were evaluated with the presence of antigen using monoclonal antibody by a standard blood typing are protocol, Gene frequencies was calculated by Hardy-Weinberg method. The blood group O 67 (43.23%) was the commonest group prevalent in donors followed by group B 45 (29.03%), A 33(21.29%) and AB 10 (6.45%). The Rh negative was not observed in female donors, whereas in male it was found to be 1.3%. Data among tribal suggest their common origin as well as a drift from an original population due to the possible founder effect among tribal Naga Ten Tribal.

3 illus, 3 tables, 18 ref

004259   SINGH R (Research Media SR, Durban- 4001, South Africa, Email: rshnsingh1@yahoo.com) : The chick egg and visualisations of microscopy slides of cross-sections of chick embryo during 4 stages of development. Bio-Sci Res Bull 2019, 35(2), 72-3.

This research note is on the chick egg and an examination of the presence of structures in cross-sections of chick embryos during 4 stages of development. In a previous repot, the structures in whole mounts had been discussed. Although similarities exist between whole mounts and cross-sectioned examined glass slides, there are major differences when cross-sections are examined. This paper highlights the main structures seen using light microscopy.

4 ref

004264   TAMILNAYAGAN T, SRINIVASAN M R, SARAVANAN P A, MUTHUSAMY M, SELVARAJAN R (Agricultural Entomology Dep, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore– 641 003, Tamil Nadu, Email: mrsrini@tnau.ac.in) : Survey and documentation of sacbrood virus attacking Indian honeybee, Apis cerana indica, Fabricius in Tamil Nadu. Ann Plant Prot Sci 2019, 27(2), 226-31.

A survey was conducted in major beekeeping regions located in different parts of Tamil Nadu during 2017-18 and 2018-19. A total of 1412 colonies were examined in six major beekeeping regions. In the present study, 320 colonies in summer months and 354 colonies in winter months of the year 2017-18 were observed. In the same way, 343 colonies in summer months and 394 colonies in winter months were studied during the year 2018-19. The results of the survey revealed that the mean % disease incidence of AcSBV was 12.7 in summer months and 5.6 % in winter months in the year of 2017-18. During, 2018-19, the mean % infection of AcSBV was 7.7 in summer and 4.6% in winter.

5 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

004265   ZHENG J-H, NIE H-T, YANG F, YAN X-W (Dalian Ocean Univ, Dalian- 116 023, Email: htnie@dlou.edu.cn) : Genetic variation and population structure of different geographical populations of Meretrix petechialis based on mitochondrial gene COI. J Genet 2019, 98, 68.

The hard clam (Meretrix petechialis) is a commercially important shellfish in China. To provide valuable insights into management and conservation of M. petechialis, we investigated the genetic variation and population structure of M. petechialis by analysing samples from nine geographical populations. In this study, the genetic diversity and differentiation of nine populations of M. petechialis were assessed using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) gene. A total of 90 COI sequences were obtained and each COI sequence was 699 bp in length. Fifty-one haplotypes were identified with 10 haplotypes shared among populations. The haplotype diversity was highest in Fujian, Panjin and Jiangsu (0.9778 ± 0.0540) and lowest in Dalian (0.7778 ± 0.1374). The nucleotide diversity was highest in Panjin (0.453401 ± 0.240463) and lowest in Jiangsu (0.006213 ± 0.004141). Neutral test (Fu’s Fs) and mismatch distribution analysis revealed that the hard clam experienced a population expansion event. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that 91.7 % of the genetic variance was within populations and 0.52 % of the variance was among populations, demonstrating significant genetic differentiation among populations (P < 0.05). The neighbour joining tree showed that the haplotypes were not clustered according to the geographical location, but some haplotypes from the same or neighbouring locations grouped together. The results obtained in this study provide useful information on the genetic diversity and population structure of M. petechialis and shed light on the management and protection of resources of M. petechialis in the northwestern Pacific.

4 illus, 5 tables, 48 ref

004262   SUTO J-I (National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki- 305-8634, Japan, Email: jsuto@affrc.go.jp) : Genetic analysis of the mandible morphology in DDD.Cg-A^y/Sgn and C57BL/6J inbred mice. J Genet 2019, 98, 89.

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping analysis was performed for the mandible morphology in DDD.Cg-A^y/Sgn and C57BL/6J inbred mice. The size and shape of the mandible was analysed by landmark-based geometric morphometrics as the centroid size and principal components (PCs), respectively. The A^y allele at the agouti locus significantly reduced the mandible size in DDD/Sgn background, and substantially altered the mandible shape in both strain backgrounds. Single-QTL scans, by including the agouti locus genotype (A^y or non-A^y) as an additive covariate, identified three significant QTL for the centroid size on chromosomes 5, 6 and 17, along with four suggestive QTL on chromosomes 2, 12, 18 and 19. These QTLs explained 46.85 % of the centroid size variation in F2 mice. When the F₂Ay and F₂ non-Ay mice were analysed separately, additional significant QTL were identified on chromosomes 12 and 15 in F₂ non-Ay mice. Single-QTL scans also identified 15 significant QTL for the PC1, PC2 and PC3. When the agouti locus genotype was included as an interactive covariate, nine significant QTLs were identified. Unexpectedly, these agouti-interacting QTLs were identified for relatively minor PCs, for which no significant single-QTL were identified. Therefore, it was suggested that the alteration of the mandible shape in A^y mice was the consequence of interactions between the A^y allele and genes that themselves have relatively small phenotypic effect. Although further in vivo studies are required, we postulated Pkd1 as a possible candidate gene underlying QTL for the centroid size on chromosome 17.

10 illus, 5 tables, 35 ref

004246   JAYANTHI P D K (Entomology and Nematology Div, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangaluru, Karnataka) : Ecological chemistry of insect-plant interactions. J Eco-friendly Agric 2019, 14(2), 1-10.

A clear scientific understanding of the behavioural/chemical ecology of the interactions with its hosts, conspecifics and natural enemies at different trophic levels is key for the development of reliable and sustainable push-pull strategies. Insects have mastered the art of using semiochemicals as communication signals and rely on them to find mates, hosts or habitats. The potential semiochemicals could be rapidly screened by Computational Reverse Chemical Ecology (CRCE) approach. The literature on phytosemiochemicals has shown that even common and structurally simple compounds can act as important chemical signals and exhibit biological activity on many different species. Future applications on semiochemicals depend on the availability of the potential cues that enable efficient manipulation of mate-and host-finding behaviour in horticultural pests.

43 ref

004250   MATHIVATHANI C, POORNIMA K, KALAIARASAN P (Nematology Dep, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore - 641 003, Email: mathichandh@gmail.com) : Relationship between soil properties and abundance of reniform nematode in cotton fields of Tamil Nadu. J Cotton Res Dev 2019, 33(2), 288-96.

An investigation was taken up to survey six major cotton growing districts of Tamil Nadu viz., Coimbatore, Tuticorin, Salem, Trichy, Perambalur and Madurai during 2017 – 2018 in 30 fields. Distribution of reniform nematode was determined by collecting random samples from the soil and cotton plant roots, extracting and counting the number of infective (J₄ ) juveniles, males/200 cc soil and females/5 g of root. The relationship between nematode population and the factors of soil texture, organic carbon, Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K) and pH were determined. Increase in nematode population was observed by increase in soil silt, sand, P, K and organic carbon, but by increase in total nitrogen and amount of clay in soil, the nematode population decreased. The most favourable soil pH for nematode activity was found to be seven while either an increase or decrease in pH resulted in decreased nematode population. The number of J₄ ranged from 45 to 418/200 cc of soil while the females from 12 to 118 individuals/g of root, respectively. About 60 percent of the studied fields were infested with R. reniformis. Pot studies on effect of soil type revealed that sandy loam and sandy soil favoured more nematode multiplication compared to black clay and red loamy soil.

2 illus, 2 tables, 24 ref

004257   SINGH B, SAINI R K, SINGH N (Entomology Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar- 125 004, Email: aadi2711@gmail.com) : Non chemical approach for management of whitefly in cotton- A Review. J Cotton Res Dev 2019, 33(2), 256-72.

Whitefly has become a major constraint in cotton production. Apart from causing direct loss to cotton, it also acts as a vector of CLC virus which causes a deadly disease in cotton plants. The continuous and injudicious use of insecticides has resulted in development of resistance in whitefly against a number of insecticides due to which the management of this pest has become a major challenge for the cotton growers. Under such circumstances, it has become imperative to follow the non chemical approach for management of this pest. It was found that early or timely sowing of the crop, wider spacing, balanced use of nitrogenous fertilizers, intercropping with some trap crop (sesame, maize, cowpea, castor etc.) and avoidance of water stress conditions play an important role in escaping of cotton from whitefly incidence. The yellow sticky trap can also be used for trapping whitefly adults. Conservation of natural enemies (parasitoids/predators) by avoiding spray of any chemical insecticide and additional release of these organisms have been found effective and safe management practices for cotton whitefly. Similarly, use of entomopathogenic fungi like Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Isariafumorosea), Verticillium lecanii and Beauveria bassiana etc. have also resulted in better suppressing of whitefly population. The botanicals, particularly neem was found very effective against whitefly due to its antifeedant, toxicological, repellent, sterility inducing and growth inhibiting effects. The insect growth regulators (novaluron, buprofezin etc.) can also be used for management of this pest as they reduce the adult emergence to a greater extent. Further, the combination of two or more non-chemical practices gives better results than applied alone.

104 ref

004249   LALL Y, SAMAL R R, SAGAR S K, KUMAR S (Zoology Dep, Acharya Narendra Dev Coll, Kalkaji, New Delhi, Email: saritakumar@andc.du.ac.in) : Formulation of Clitoria ternatea leaves-mediated silver nanoparticles to control Aedes aegypti larvae. J Commun Dis 2019, 53(3), 190-200.

Global  rise  in  the  Aedes-borne diseases and harmful effects of synthetic insecticides has diverted research to explore secondary metabolites in plants as mosquito control agent in the form of nanoparticles. Current study investigated Clitoria ternatea-mediated nanoparticles against Aedes aegypti. The aqueous and hexane leaf extracts of C. ternatea were assayed against Ae. aegypti early fourth instars. The extract-mediated silver nanocomposites (AgNCs) were synthesized after optimizing the volume and concentration of silver nitrate solution. The synthesis was tracked by the colour change of reaction mixture from pale yellow to dark brown followed by monitoring with UV-Visible spectroscopy and Dynamic Light Scattering. The biosynthesis of 3 mM, 4 mM and 5 mM AgNCs was traced at 438, 401 and 407 nm, respectively. The average particle size distribution ranged from 34.62 to 60.64 nm and polydispersity index was 0.6-0.7. The 24 h larval exposure with aqueous and hexane leaf extracts demonstrated respective LC₅₀ values of 53.057 and 42.179 mg/L, which decreased significantly on larvicidal assay with NCs. The 5mM AgNCs showed the maximum efficiency with LC₅₀ of 10.317 mg/L after 24 h. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy images demonstrated a spherical, poly-dispersed structure with diameter in the 1-27 nm range. The assays against non-targets; Moina and Cyclops ascertained the eco-safety of NCs. The  study  demonstrated  the  C.  ternatea leaf extract as possible effective mosquito nano-larvicide, alternate to traditional insecticides. Field studies, which could not be held due to the current pandemic, would further ascertain the possible use of these NCs against Aedes larvae.

10 illus, 6 tables, 43 ref

004256   SHARMA N K, ALI M I, MOIN S (Suresh Gyan Vihar Univ, Jaipur, Rajasthan, Email: moinsarmad@gmail.com) : Contemporary resistance status of Anopheles stephensi against insecticides in District Dungarpur, Rajasthan, India. J Commun Dis 2019, 53(3), 153-8.

Pyrethroids are powerful insecticides used in the vector control program with impregnated mesh, and residual indoor sprays. However, resistance to insecticide reduces the effectiveness. The present susceptibility study  carried  out  against  the Anopheles  Stephensi  to  monitor  the  sensitivity conditions of An. Stephensi vector, which raises the need to understand the state of vector resistance in the Dungarpur region of Rajasthan, India in order to better report vector-based interventions. The sensitivity study was carried out by the WHO standard method using recommended diagnostic doses of DDT, alpha-cypermethrin, permethrin, and deltamethrin. An. Stephensi showed resistance to DDT from the entire study while sensitive to alpha-cypermethrin, permethrin, and deltamethrin. The study looks at the selection and circulation of the appropriate insecticide’s molecule for a vector control program as insecticide need constant monitoring to develop effective vector control strategies such as improving insecticide by applying integrated biological and ecological methods.

1 table, 26 ref

004252   MONDAL R, DEVI N P, BHATTACHARYA S (Zoology Dep, North Bengal Univ, West Bengal- 734 014, Email: ritwikm.zoology@nbu.ac.in) : Seasonal prevalence and host preference of some medically important Aedes species of Doon Valley, India. J Commun Dis 2019, 53(3), 96-103.

In the recent past, several outbreaks of mosquito-borne diseases in Dehradun city make it necessary for a comprehensive understanding of man-vector contacts, disease transmission and determination of appropriate resting sites for adult mosquitoes. The study was conducted within the periphery of Dehradun city in Doon valley, Uttarakhand state, India consisting of eight (08) locations namely Sahaspur, Premnagar, Raipur, Karanpur, Sahastradhara, Dudhli, Doiwala and Rani Pokhri with the objective to analyze and assess the seasonal prevalence and host choice  of  the  mosquitoes  with  special  reference  to  Aedes  species.  Among the eight locations of the current study, Raipur registered the highest mosquito abundance (17 %) trailed by Sahaspur (16 %) and Karanpur (15 %). A low abundance of mosquitoes was registered conjointly from Doiwala and Rani Pokhri areas (9 % from each area). In these areas, the profile plots of the 2-way ANOVA displayed the highest variation for the data collected from human habitations followed by bovine sheds, whereas the lowest recorded variation was from the poultry.  With  regards  to  seasonal  prevalence,  the  highest  mosquito  abundance was registered during the monsoon followed by the post-monsoon. In provender analysis, a total of 1912 blood meals were collected for antibody test among which 1851 were found positive, with the highest reaction with human antisera (57.75 %), followed by bovine antisera (21.34 %) and pigs antisera (4.97 %). Ae. aegypti had the highest Anthropophilic Index (A.I.) with 68.78 %, followed by Ae.  albopictus (64.89 %) and Ae. vittatus (55.55 %). However, Human Blood Predominance (H.B.P.) and Pure Human Blood Pervasiveness (P.H.B.P.) were found highest for Ae. albopictus with values 0.43 and 0.44 respectively. The results also show the seasonal prevalence and feeding habits of these vectors. This study would be helpful in formulating season-wise strategies for the control of Aedes vector mosquitoes in different eco-epidemiological situations.

6 illus, 1 table, 25 ref

004248   KUMARI P, KUMAR N R, SIDHU A K, CHANDRA K (Zoological Survey of India, Solan- 17321, Email: priyanka.dadhwal.chandel@gmail.com) : Taxonomic studies on species belonging to subgenus Eutricharaea Thomson of the genus Megachile (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). J Appl Nat Sci 2019, 11(3), 612-8.

Solitary bees belonging to genus Megachileare important pollinators very crucial for the wellbeing of the ecosystem. Large scale surveying will return a wealth of spatio-temporal species data which is critical for systematics, taxonomy and conservation of biodiversity. Detailed taxonomic characterization of solitary bee species belonging to subgenus Eu-tricharaeacollected from the Sutlej basin of Indian northern plains is being described. A total of four species viz. Megachile heraBingham, M. femorataSmith, M. veraCameron and M. argentataCameron belonging to subgenus Eutricharaeawith 18 examples were studied. Detailed morphological descriptions, zoogeographic records, specimen examined, floral associations with illustrations and morphological measurements have been provided. Various areas finalised from different parts of Sutlej basin of northern plains were surveyed for the first time for the documentation of Megachilefauna. Hence, all these four species are first records for the studied area.

11 ref

004266   ZODINPUII B, LALNUNTLUANGA, LALTHANZARA H (Zoology Dep, Mizoram Univ, Aizawl- 796 001, Email: hzara.puc@gmail.com) : Diversity of soil macroarthropods in shifting cultivation and forest ecosystem of Mizoram, Northeast India. J Appl Nat Sci 2019, 11(3), 601-11.

Soil organisms are an integral part of agricultural ecosystems and are essential for the maintenance of healthy productive soils. Little is known about soil arthropods assemblag-es in shifting cultivation system. Therefore, we compared the diversity of soil macroarthro-pods in shifting cultivation (EXPTL) system and its adjacent natural forest (CTRL) ecosystem in Mizoram, northeast India and assessed the impact of shifting cultivation on the diversity. The study was conducted from 2013 to 2015, and the period was divided as pre-cultivation, cultivation and post-cultivation phases. Traditional shifting cultivation was practised in EXPTL site in the year 2014. Sampling was done by handpicking and digging from a quadrat (25×25×30 cm) located at least 10 m apart at monthly intervals. Specimens were preserved in 4% formalin and were identified up to the lowest possible taxa. A total of 97 taxa of arthropods belonging to five classes were recorded. 88 taxa and 48 taxa were recorded in CTRL and EXPTL respectively. Order-wise Shannon diversity index was significantly higher (p < .001) in CTRL as compared to EXPTL site. There were significant differences in both cultivation (p <.001) and post-cultivation (p <.001) phases between CTRL and EXPTL sites. There was a significant effect of shifting cultivation on the diversity of soil macroarthropods at the p <.05 level for the three cultivation phases in EXPTL site. Therefore, it was concluded that shifting cultivation system negatively affected soil macroarthropod diversity at least for a short duration. This study provided the first baseline data of soil macroarthropod diversity and its interaction with land-use system from Mizoram, northeast India.

2 illus, 7 tables, 80 ref

004255   SAILAJA B, SHAMEEM U, MADHAVI R (Zoology Dep, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam- 530 003) : Two new species of Mazocraes hermann (Monogenea: Mazocraeidae) from clupeoid fishes off Visakhapatnam, Bay of Bengal. J Parasit Dis 2019, 43(2), 313-8.

Two new species of Mazocraes Hermann (Monogenea: Mazocraeidae) are described infecting clupeoid fishes of Visakhapatnam coast, Bay of Bengal: Mazocraes bengalensis n. sp. from Opisthopterus tardoore Cuvier and M. stolephorusi n. sp. from Stolephorus indicus van Hasselt and S. commersoni Lacepede. L. bengalensis n.sp. is distinguished from the most closely related species (M. gussevi, M. australis, M. alosae, M. mamaevi) by the combination of following characters: Body size, extent of caeca, number and arrangement of testes, size and structure of the clamps and the armature of genital complex. M. stolephorusi n. sp. differs from all the other species of Mazocraes in the pedunculate nature and the sizes of the haptoral clamps and the structure of the genital complex. A detailed analysis of the species of the genus Mazocraes is presented. The partial 28SrDNa sequences of M. bengalensis was generated and deposited in the GenBank.

2 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

004243   DHANYA P, AMINA S (Research Zoology Dep, Santana Dharma Coll, Alappuzha, Kerala) : Parasitic copepods infestation on commercially exploited fishes from Kayamkulam backwater, Kerala, India. J Parasit Dis 2019, 43(2), 263-9.

Parasitic copepods infestation on three species of commercially important fishes belonging to the family Mugilidae (Liza parsia) and Cichlidae (Oreochromis mossambicus and Etroplus suratensis) from Kayamkulam backwater were analysed between February 2015 and January 2017, covering all the three seasons. A total of 2305 fishes were analysed for parasites. Out of these, 299 fishes were infested with different species of parasitic copepods. The analysis revealed the presence of ten species of parasites comprising of Ergasilus parvitergam, Ergasilus sieboldi, Ergasilus sp, Caligus epidemicus, caligus sp, Dermoergasilus hoi, Dermoergasilus sp, Nothobomolochus sp, Lernea sp and Lepiophtherius sp. The infestation dynamics of parasitic copepods in terms of prevalence, mean intensity and mean abundance were calculated to determine the degree of infestation on each species. A higher prevalence (40%), mean intensity (13.2) and mean abundance (5.3) were found in Liza parsia while Etroplus suratensis had the lesser prevalence. There is a significant difference in the prevalence (p < 0.05), mean intensity (p < 0.05) and mean abundance (p < 0.01) in the rate of infestation of Liza parsia among the stations during the year 2015–2016, where as Oreochromis mossambicus and Etroplus suratensis shows no significant difference in the rate of infestation. The rate of infestation with parasitic copepod was higher in 2015–2016 than in 2016–2017. A higher proportion of fishes were more infested in Choolatheruvu (Station 3) as compared to Ayiramthengu (Station 1) and Valiyazheekal (Station 2).

10 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

004260   SOU S K (Zoology Dep, Kulti Coll, West Bengal- 713 343, Email: sujan.sou@gmail.com) : Meteterakis asansolensis sp. nov. (Nematoda: Heterakidae) in Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Schneider, 1899) (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae) from Asansol coalfield area, Paschim Bardhaman, West Bengal, India. J Parasit Dis 2019, 43(2), 229-33.

Meteterakis asansolensis sp. nov. (Nematoda: Heterakidae) recovered from the rectum of Asian common toad, Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Schneider, 1899), collected from Asansol coalfield area in Paschim Bardhaman district of West Bengal, India, is described and illustrated. This species is characterised by the presence of a precloacal sucker, a gubernaculum and two equal and similar spicules (0.31–0.32 mm in length). This species differs from other reported species of the Oriental region by morphometrical ranges of measurements of males (3.09–3.54 mm) and females (4.60–4.72 mm) and the number and the distribution pattern of caudal papillae in males which includes 5 pairs precloacal, 1 pair adcloacal and 5 pairs postcloacal in position.

1 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

002972   BALA M, SINGH N (Zoology and Environmental Sciences Dep, Punjabi Univ, Patiala- 147 002, Email: nehasinghko@gmail.com) : Forensically important mites associated with beetles found on decomposing carrion. Indian J Entomol 2019, 81(2), 394-7.

A decomposing corpse has a rich diversity of insects, and of these most of the studies deliberate on the Diptera while the Coleoptera (beetles) stand neglected. Present study reports on the mites collected from the decomposition sites during succession studies with beetles. Three species belonging to the family Parasitidae viz., Parasitus mustelarum Oudemans (1902) and Poecilochirus sp. collected with bait traps are included. These mite associations are reported to have forensic importance. Deutonymphs of these carried by the silphid Thanatophilus minutus Kraatz (1876) and the histerid Saprinus quadriguttatus (Fabricius, 1798) are described.

4 illus, 1 table, 19 ref

002981   KHAN Z A, PULIKKOTTIL S I (Medical Entomology Div, Regional Medical Research Centre- ICMR, Port Blair- 744 101, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Email: sunish67@gmail.com) : Anopheline vectors in car Nicobar islands an area with negligible malaria. Indian J Entomol 2019, 81(2), 377-80.

Anopheline larvae exhibited seasonal variations in their abundance, with per dip density ranging from 0.013 ± 0.002 to 0.309 ± 0.088. Peak larval density coincided with high rainfall. The abundance was maximum in breeding sites viz., water storage tanks, kutcha drains, culverts and cess pools with a per dip density of 0.283 ± 0.070, 0.274 ± 0.068, 0.260 ± 0.137 and 0.199 ± 0.059, respectively. Larval density was maximum in the transient water bodies formed during the monsoon, with early instars (59.71 %) being always more compared to the late ones (40.29 %). Two species were identified- An. sundaicus (95.8 %) and An. barbirostris (3.2 %), with the former being found in a wide range of habitats, and the latter always less, which could be the reason for negligible malaria cases.

2 illus, 15 ref

002978   KACHHWAHA N, MEENA G (Vyas Univ, Jodhpur- 342 001, Rajasthan, Email: drneetu2011@gmail.com) : Effect of ⁶⁰CO gamma irradiation on the life stages of Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.). Indian J Entomol 2019, 81(2), 374-6.

Gamma radiation applied at five doses from 0.1- 0.5 kGy was evaluated for its effects on the eggs, larvae, pupae and adults of Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) maintained at 27 ± 1 ^ºC and 75 ± 5 % RH. The effect on hatching of egg, pupae formation, adult emergence and mortality were observed to be dose dependent. There was no hatching of egg, larval development and adult emergence at 0.5 kGy. One way ANOVA revealed their significance of variations, and SEm was 1.08, 1.72, 1.68 and 2.49 for hatching of egg, pupae formation, adult emergence and adult mortality, respectively.

1 table, 13 ref

002983   KULKARNI Y, SHIRODKAR U, BHAVNANI N, INDAP M (Mumbai Univ, Mumbai- 400 016, Email: madhaviindap@yahoo.com) : Rearing of Graphium agamemnon (l.) (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Indian J Entomol 2019, 81(2), 361-4.

In this study, technique for mass rearing of Graphium agamemnon (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae, Papilioninae) is explained. Instead of gravid females from the wild, larvae and eggs for initiating culture is the best. The observations include: the larvae need to be reared outdoors, on potted plants as well as indoors on leaves in plastic containers, and leaves are to be kept fresh; and there is a need to provide large space for adults facilitating feeding and mating. Hand-pairing is not successful, and periodic augmenting of the culture is essential to maintain viability. Relevant life history parameters of the laboratory reared population are included.

5 illus, 12 ref

002973   BOGTAPA S, DEVI R, SAINI M, THAKUR I I, BHADWAL D, SHARMA E, SHARMA K, THAKUR A, SINGH S (Shoolini Univ, Solan- 173 229, Email: saveenabogtapa@gmail.com) : Immature stages of Papilio polytes linnaeus (lepidoptera: papilionidae). Indian J Entomol 2019, 81(2), 358-60.

The immature stages of butterfly, the common mormon- Papilio polytes Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) were studied at Solan, Himachal Pradesh. This butterfly is an active flier and prefers mostly gardens and human habitations. The larvae are polyphagous and observed on three plants belonging to the family Rutaceae viz., Citrus aurantifolia (Cristm.) Swingle, Murraya koenigii (L.) Sprengel and Zanthoxylum alatum Roxb. Some observations on its biology, and nectar host plants are included.

16 illus, 4 ref

003006   TANDON V, SRIVASTAVA A (Entomology Dep, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Palampur - 176062, Himachal Pradesh, Email: tandonvikas8763@gmail.com) : Monitoring of white stem borer Scirpophaga fusciflua with light trap and sweep net. Indian J Entomol 2019, 81(2), 355-7.

The present study evaluates the activity of white stem borer, Scirpophaga fusciflua on rice in Kangra valley deploying light trap and sweep net. The results revealed that moths were active from 29^th to 40^th (Standard week) SW and 31^st to 40^th SW, in 2015-16 and 2016-17, respectively, with the peak activity being at 36^th and 37^th SW, respectively. The population declined thereafter with nil population subsequently. The weather parameters when correlated with population dynamics revealed a positive relationship with maximum and minimum temperature and relative humidity but a negative one with rainfall.

1 table, 13 ref

003004   SRINIVASA N, CHANDER S, CHANDEL R K, SAGAR D (Entomology Dep, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi- 110 012, Email: schanderthakur@gmail.com) : Gonatopus spp parasitoids on rice plant hoppers. Indian J Entomol 2019, 81(2), 352-4.

Present study explores the ectoparasitiods of rice plant hoppers viz., Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) and Sogatella vibix (Haupt). It was observed that these are parasitized by dryinid wasps, and when analysed for mtCO1, five sequences of parasitoids were inferred with 113 nucleotide variations, which accounted for 17 % variation. All the sequences matched with those of Gonatopus spp.

1 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

003003   SINGH C, SINGH N N (Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi- 221 005, Email: chanchalsingh9@gmail.com) : Population dynamics of natural enemies in cowpea. Indian J Entomol 2019, 81(2), 348-51.

The present study provides the observations obtained from the field experiment on the population dynamics of natural enemies in cowpea carried out in 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 at the Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. The results revealed that two natural enemies namely lady bird beetle and spider were observed from standard week 19 to 26 during zaid, and from standard week 37 to 46 during kharif. Both positive as well as negative relationships with weather factors were observed for the natural enemies’ populations.

3 tables, 16 ref

002968   ANANT A K, AWASTHI A, PANDI G G P (Entomology Dep, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur- 492 012, Chhattisgarh, Email: guruagri@gmail.com) : Evaluation of insecticides against mango hoppers Amritodus atkinsoni and Idioscopus clypealis. Indian J Entomol 2019, 81(2), 340-2.

Field experiments were conducted during 2015-16 to evaluate the efficacy of certain insecticides against mango hoppers Amritodus atkinsoni and Idioscopus clypealis. Imidacloprid was observed to be the most effective with no leaf hoppers even 21 days after application; and it was on par with thiamethoxam (0.02), acetamiprid (0.15) and carbosulfan (0.76). Buprofezin (1.23) and fipronil (1.54) were the next best. Based on fruit yield, the order of efficacy was: imidacloprid (with 75.33 kg/tree) > thiamethoxam> acetamiprid> carbosulfan >buprofezin >fipronil as against 44.50 kg/tree in untreated control.

1 table, 17 ref

003005   SUSHMITA T H, GUPTA M K, KARTHIK S (Entomology Dep, Central Agricultural Univ, Imphal- 795 004, Manipur, Email: pipithockchom@gmail.com) : Fumigant toxicity of some plant volatile oils against pulse beetle Callosobruchus maculatus. Indian J Entomol 2019, 81(2), 336-9.

Fumigant toxicity of five plant volatile oils viz., ginger oil (Zingiber officinale), patchouli oil (Pogoste moncablin), garlic oil (Allium sativum), cinnamon oil (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) and lemon oil (Citruslimon) were evaluated at 0.01 %, 0.05 %, 0.1 %, 0.5 % and 1.0 % concentrations against the egg, larva, adult of the pulse beetle Callosobruchus maculatus along with their effect on the oviposition. The results revealed that the fumigant toxicity indicated by the lowest egg hatching of 10 % was observed with 1.0 % concentration of C. zeylanicum and Z. officinale; also, maximum larval mortality of 90 % was observed. The adult mortality was 90 % with C. zeylanicum oil at 1.0 % and 72.50 % with Z. officinale oil at 1.0 %. C. zeylanicum and Z. officinale at 1.0 % concentration also resulted in minimum oviposition of 3.00 and 4.25 eggs, respectively in contrast to 74 to 78 eggs in untreated control.

1 table, 13 ref

002984   KUMAR C, GUPTA M K, SUSHMITA T H (Entomology Dep, Central Agricultural Univ, Imphal, Manipur, Email: kumarchethan93gani@gmail.com) : Effect of gibberellic acid on the biology of melon fly Bactrocera cucurbitae coquilett. Indian J Entomol 2019, 81(2), 332-5.

The melon fly Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillet causes damage to many fruits, vegetables, oilseeds and ornamental plants. In this study, various doses of gibberellic (GA₃ ) has been evaluated for its effect on the biology of B. cucurbitae. The results revealed that the adult emergence reduced to a minimum (47.81 %) at 1000 ppm but gradually increased with the decrease in dose. Similarly, the oviposition period was to a maximum of 28.3 days at 10 ppm which gradually decreased to 10.8 days with 1000 ppm. A maximum of 522 egg/female was observed with 10 ppm which gradually decreased with increase in dose, and was at minimum (66 eggs/female) at 1000 ppm. The least of the incubation period was 17.93 hr at 10 ppm which gradually increased with dose to a maximum of 28.8 hr at 1000 ppm. The longevity of male (22.3 days) and female (27.6 days) was the least at 1000 ppm, and it increased with the decrease in dose -to 39.0 days at 10 ppm for females.

5 tables, 12 ref

002979   KARTHIK S, GUPTA M K, SUSHMITA T H (Entomology Dep, Central Agricultural Univ, Imphal, Manipur, Email: somalakarthik1995@gmail.com) : Ovarian development in Bactrocera cucurbitae coquillett as influenced by diet. Indian J Entomol 2019, 81(2), 317-20.

To enable mass rearing of the melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett, a study was undertaken to evaluate dietary constituents comprising of honey, water, protein hydrolysate and yeast powder. Different diets were prepared consisting of protein hydrolysate (1 g, 3 g, 5 g, and 7 g) and yeast powder (5 g, 10 g, 15 g, and 20 g) mixed in 5 ml honey and water 100 ml. Of these, the two diets viz., protein hydrolysate 7 g + honey 5 ml + water 100 ml and yeast powder (10 g + honey 5 ml + water 100 ml) were found equally effective in terms of ovary development and ovarian index, when dissected at 5^th, 10^th, 15^th and 20^th day after adult eclosion. In case of protein hydrolysate 7 g, the ovarian index was 0.38 mm² , 1.75 mm² , 3.57 mm² , and 4.04 mm² at 5^th, 10^th, 15^th and 20^th day, respectively and in case of yeast powder 10 g the ovarian index was 0.39 mm² , 1.77 mm² , 3.63 mm² , and 4.10 mm² at 5^th, 10^th, 15^th and 20^th day, respectively, after adult eclosion. In both the treatments, the ovary length and breadth were also significantly more in comparison to other treatments, consisting of different quantities of protein source. Thus, the diets containing 7 g protein hydrolysate and 10 g yeast powder were the most suitable diets for mass rearing of B. cucurbitae.

1 table, 24 ref

002988   MIR A H (PG Zoology Dep, Kashmir Univ, Srinagar- 190 006, Email: draltaf_786@yahoo.com) : Efficacy of insecticides against cerambycids in mulberry. Indian J Entomol 2019, 81(2), 303-5.

The infestation of cerambycids especially Apriona germari and Batocera rufomaculata on mulberry in Jammu and Kashmir poses serious threat to silkworm Bombyx mori. Hence, five insecticides viz., dichlorvos, endosulfan, imidacloprid, ethion, chlorpyriphos along with mixture of chlorpyriphos and cypermethrin were evaluated with injection in galleries at three doses to evaluate mortality of grubs. It was observed that the galleries formed by the grubs got reduced with the injection of these insecticides; at 1% all were effective with dichlorvos ranking first but at 0.05 % these were ineffective.

1 table, 24 ref

002974   BORGIA M N, RAJKUMAR J A, MIRANDA M T P (PG Research Zoology Dep, Fatima Mata National Coll, Kollam- 691 001, Email: nirmagia@gmail.com) : Efficacy of Heterorhabditis indica derived from three hosts. Indian J Entomol 2019, 81(2), 299-302.

The efficacy in terms of virulence and longevity of the entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis indica produced from three hosts- Galleria mellonella, Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata and Bactrocera cucurbitae was evaluated in this study. Application of H. indica progenies to the fourth instar grubs of H. vigintioctopunctata showed that progenies from G. mellonella showed maximum efficacy with respect to virulence and longevity; it was followed by H. vigintioctopunctata and B. cucurbitae. Virulence in terms of pathogenicity and mortality and longevity (number of days of survival) were observed to be directly influenced by size of the hosts, and larger parents were able to produce more efficient H. indica offspring.

2 tables, 12 ref

002982   KHURSHID R, PARAY M A, BANO P, GANIE S A, YOUSUF S, AHMAD W (Entomology Div, SKUAST- K, Shalimar- 190 025, Jammu and Kashmir, Email: rizwanawani1234@gmail.com) : Effect of winter feeding and packing on Apis mellifera in Kashmir himalaya. Indian J Entomol 2019, 81(2), 266-8.

This study aims to increase the survival rate of honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies in winter season to maintain their optimum strength in early spring. Various packaging materials viz., thermocoal, paddy straw, foam, gunny bags and saw dust in combination with four artificial diets were evaluated for their effectiveness in maintaining the optimum temperature and population buildup of colonies during peak winter. The artificial diets evaluated were made in a fixed proportion to meet the colony needs during dearth period. Results reveal that proper artificial feeding and maintenance of hive temperature has a significant effect on population and their survival rates. Diet consumption rate and colony performance indicators, sealed brood, colony strength and egg laying area were observed/ measured periodically. These revealed that the treatment P₁ D₁ comprising of thermocoal + chick pea flour + jaggery + sugar + water resulted in maximum survival rate and gave increased life expectancy of A. mellifera during the winter.

1 table, 17 ref

002992   PADMAJA P G, SHWETHA B L, KALAISEKAR A, TONAPI V A (ICAR- Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad- 500 030, Telangana, Email: padmaja@millets.res.in) : Effect of host plant on growth, tissue proteins and gut enzymes of pink borer Sesamia inferens. Indian J Entomol 2019, 81(2), 261-5.

In this study, pink borer Sesamia inferens (Walker), a polyphagous insect and a major pest on millets is explored for analysing the influence of host plants on the growth, tissue proteins and midgut digestive enzymes of their larvae. The impact of feeding on different food plants on the activity of amylase,trehalase, and invertase in the midgut of the final instar larvae were assayed in vitro. The results showed that the larval feeding on the five millet hosts had significant effect on body mass, with maximum body mass being achieved when larvae fed on sorghum (0.214 g). Significantly more enzyme activity of amylase was observed in the larvae fed on finger millet. The activity of amylase, invertase and trehalase fed on pearl millet was relatively low. The results indicated that the larvae of S. inferens had more capability to utilize sorghum, finger millet and barnyard millet, suggesting that these plants could become their host plants.

5 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

002995   PRAVEEN K, SABITA RAJA S (Southern Regional Centre, Chennai- 600 028, Email: praveen.atgc@gmail.com) : Bamboo leafhopper Mukaria splendida distant (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from India. Indian J Entomol 2019, 81(2), 247-50.

The morphological variation in the populations of the leafhopper Mukarias plendida Distant (Mukariini: Deltocephalinae: Cicadellidae) is described herein.

2 illus, 5 ref

002969   ANANT A K, AWASTHI A, SOUMIA P S, PANDI G G P (Entomology Dep, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur- 492 012, Chhattisgarh, Email: guruagri@gmail.com) : Host resistance against mango hoppers Amritodus atkinsoni and Idioscopus nagpurensis. Indian J Entomol 2019, 81(2), 239-41.

Field experiments were conducted at the Horticultural orchard, TCB College of Agriculture and Research Station, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh during October-May 2015-16 to evaluate the population level of mango hoppers Amritodus atkinsoni and Idioscopus nagpurensis on varieties viz., Dashehari, Langra, Sundarja, Dilpasand and Himsagar. The hopper incidence was found to significantly vary among the varieties with minimum being with Sundarja (0.96/twig/panicle) followed by Himsagar (1.32/twig/panicle); and the one in Langra variety (2.56/twig/panicle) being moderate. Maximum incidence was observed with the variety Dashehari (3.20/twig/panicle) followed by Dilpasand (2.72/twig/panicle). Irrespective of the varieties, significantly more hopper population was observed during first fortnight of February.

1 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

002971   ASADI M A, SEMEDI B, HANDAYANI M, IRANAWATI F, ZAKIYAH U, RIA M (Marine Science Dep, Brawijaya Univ, Malang 65145, Indonesia) : The occurrence of Bacillus cereus in the pink line syndrome infected Porites lutea coral. Nat Environ Pollut Technol 2019, 18(2), 537-41.

Corals in the genus Porites are among the most dominant scleractinian corals in the coral reef ecosystems yet highly vulnerable to climate change impacts and diseases. In the Kondang Merak and Sempu Strait waters of Indian Ocean, it has been reported that more than 45% of the corals were infected with Pink Line Syndrome (PLS). The objectives of this study are to isolate, morphologically and molecularly characterize, and identify the PLS associated bacteria that infected Porites lutea coral. The sampling was performed at the Kondang Merak waters in June 2018 by snorkeling during low tide. In order to isolate and purify the dominant bacterial colony, quadrants streak-plating technique was performed using ZoBell marine agar culture media. 16S rRNA sequencing and BLAST homology were performed for the molecular identification of the bacterial colony. Results showed that the bacterial colony associated with PLS was of Bacillus cereus, which was closely related to Bacillus pseudomycoides, Bacillus toyonensis and Bacillus thuringensis with 97% similarity. The occurrence of B. cereus bacterium in the PLS infected P. lutea demonstrated that this opportunistic pathogen might be responsible for the PLS in the P. lutea coral.

4 illus, 2 tables, 31 ref

002999   SANDEEPA K H, SARKAR D, RUDRESH G N, CHETANA D H, VISHWANTH S, MAHENDRA S (KVAFSU, Bangalore, Karnataka) : Review of literature with a case report: Severe ruminal impaction caused by different types of foreign bodies in the rumen of a post parturient boer goat. Pharma Innov 2019, 8(6), 171-5.

A 3yrs old Boer breed of goat presented with a compliant of anorexia, restlessness and repeated bloating since two days. Which had history of kidding 3 days back, on physiological examination rectal temperature was normal range but respiration rate and heart rate were slight deviated towards lower than normal range. Physical examination revealed congested oral and conjunctival mucus membrane. Hard palpable mass was observed during abdominal palpation in the rumen (anterior abdomen) and advised for explorative rumenotomy. On rumenotomy the rumen was filled with compacted foreign bodies (plastic material, i.e. plastic bags, stones, floor mat made up of coir (coconut fibre), along with few calcified mass,) with calcified masses which were weighing around 1.2 kg. The surgery was performed as per standard procedure. During post operative period animal was treated with parentral antibiotics (OTC @5 mg/ kg), NSAIDs (Meloxicam 0.5-1 mg/kg) and fluids (DNS & RL) for 7 days and animal recovered uneventfully.

3 illus, 52 ref

002980   KAYAL R, BANIK K, KAYAL S, BANERJEE S K (Biochemistry Dep, Techno India Univ, Salt Lake Sector-5, Kolkata, West Bengal) : Mechanism of hypogonadism in males of T2DM in eastern India: An original article. Pharma Innov 2019, 8(5), 252-4.

Male hypogonadism may be due to primary gonadal failure or secondarily from hypothalamic-pituitary causes. Diabetes contributes for a significant number of hypogonadism in males. In our study, it is shown that male patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have hypogonadism due to primary gonadal failure as suggested by low serum testosterone and high serum FSH, LH levels.

1 table, 15 ref

002987   MANIKANDAN A, RAO G D J, GEORGE R S, LEELA V, BHARATHIDASAN M, WILLIAM B J (Veterinary Coll and Research Institute, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu) : Dexmedetomidine, ketamine and isoflurane anaesthesia in Bonnet Macaques (Macaca radiata). Pharma Innov 2019, 8(5), 01-5.

The study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a combination of dexmedetomidine (10 µg/kg body weight) and ketamine (10 mg/kg body weight) as induction agent and isoflurane as an maintenance agent in 12 Bonnet Macaques (Macaca radiata radiata) which were referred for vasectomy. The induction combination induced ataxia in 285 ± 34.42 seconds and induction of anaesthesia in 11.83 ± 1.92 minutes. Anaesthesia was maintained for a duration of 107 ± 4.289 minutes for the surgical procedure and the monkeys recovered in 27.83 ± 3.50 minutes without any complication. The cardiopulmonary, haematologica, biochemical and plasma cortisol levels fluctuated within the normal limits. The study revealed that the combination of dexmedetomidine (10 µg/kg body weight) and ketamine (10 mg/kg body weight) intramuscularly could be used as chemical restraining and induction agents and isoflurane as a safe inhalant anaesthetic for maintenance.

2 tables, 34 ref

003008   VINU RAJAN P K, PUTHUR R K (Bharathiar Univ, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, Email: vinurajpkkarthik@gmail.com) : Activation of the oxidative stress in Culex quinquefasciatus by the augmented production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in response to Stachytarpheta jamaicensis exposure. J Commun Dis 2019, 53(2), 43-51.

Plant-based knowledge has been used for generations for personal protection from various mosquito species. The notion of applying such traditional perspectives in vector control research has received extensive attention in recent years. Unlike other common patterns, the present investigation has tried to explore the augmented production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to Stachytarpheta jamaicensis exposure with special inference on larvicidal potential, mode of action of phytochemical compounds, and oxidative stress. The larvicidal potential was determined as per the WHO protocol. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy was used to determine the excessive production of ROS. GC-MS was employed to characterise the phytochemical constituents. The statistical analysis was done by using SPSS version 24.0.0. The acetone extract has been found to exhibit a maximum range of toxicity in terms of larvicidal potential and reactive oxygen species formation. Among the 40 phytochemical elements characterised, Cyclopropane, 1,1,2,2-Tetramethyl; Phenyl-Acetonitrile; Pyranone; Tetradecene; Neophytadiene; Mome Inositol; Monocrotaline; and Squalene may be responsible for the augmented production of ROS in the Culex quinquefasciatus. The phytochemical elements in Stachytarpheta jamaicensis displayed  extensive  toxicity  and  inhibited  the  normal  development  of Culex  quinquefasciatus mosquitoes by augmented production of reactive oxygen species, indicating its prominent role in oxidative stress.

4 illus, 3 tables, 34 ref

002986   KUMAR V, JINDAL V (Entomology Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana 141 004, Punjab, Email: vijay_ento@pau.edu) : Anthranilic diamide – cyantraniliprole 10 OD against sucking insects of Bt cotton. Pestic Res J 2019, 31(1), 42-7.

The efficacy of cyantraniliprole 10 OD, a new xylem systemic insecticide in the anthranilic diamide chemistry, is reported for the management of different sucking insect pests like Thrips tabaci, Bemisia tabaci and Amrasca bigutulla bigutulla in Bt cotton. At 90 g a.i ha^-1, it was highly effective against whitefly, thrips and leaf hopper in Bt cotton. It was relatively safe to the natural enemies like spiders and coccinellids. The seed cotton yield was significantly higher in cyantraniliprole 10 OD @ 90 and 105 g a.i. ha^-1 (24.46 and 24.75 q ha^-1) as compared to control (20.30 q ha^-1).

2 tables, 18 ref

002975   HAMID Z, SARI P D W, MAHASRI G (Fish Health Management and Aquaculture Dep, Airlangga Univ, Surabaya 60115, East Java – Indonesia, Email: putri.dw@fpk.unair.ac.id) : Dual infection of fungi and Octolasmis species in mangrove crabs (Scylla serrata) in Gresik, East Java. J Vet Parasitol 2019, 33(1), 35-40.

The study was conducted to identify the fungi-ectoparasite dual infections in mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) in Tanjangawan Village, Gresik, and their correlation. Observation of the gills of 40 mangrove crabs revealed that 34 (85%) were infected with either or both of the infections. Among them, while 29 (93.5%) mangrove crabs were infected by Octolasmis sp. and fungi. Only two (6.45%) had Octolasmis alone and three (9.7%) had fungal infection alone. There was a positive correlation between the fungi that infects the mangrove crab and ectoparasite Octolasmis infestation with a value of 0.718. Based on the observation, two kinds of fungi, Lagenidium sp. and Aspergillus niger were identified. The increase of Octolasmis infestations was followed by the increase in the kind of fungal type in mangrove crabs. This is the first report of Octolasmis sp. and its correlation with fungi in Gresik, East Java.

2 illus, 1 table, 27 ref

002994   PARADERO C C, ALVAREZ M L C (Eastern Univ, St. Davids, Pennsylvania) : Detection of heavy metals in Batissa angulata (Clams) from two selected Barangay of Mondragon, Northern Samar, Philippines. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2019, 6(6), 116-8.

This study was conducted to detect presence of heavy metals (As, Pb, Hg) in Batissa angulata (Clams) obtained from two selected barangays of Mondragon, Northern Samar, Philippines. Physical properties of clam’s meat samples were also determined. Clams meat extract from Brgy Cablangan are darker in color as compared to calm samples from Brgy Talolora. Both clams’ extracts have rotten egg odor and are miscible in water and ethanol but immiscible in hexane. The heavy metals in samples were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative procedures. Results showed that only mercury (Hg) metal contamination was detected from clam’s meat extract from Brgy Cablangan. Quantitative analysis using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) revealed mercury concentration of < 0.002 mg/L. The said mercury concentration is below the permissible level set by the International Standard Maximum Permissible Level (MPL). The researcher recommends that every barangay promotes information and educational campaign on local residents on proper waste disposal to avoid further contamination of marine products.

1 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

002989   NAYAKA A R N, SHARMA S D, MALLIKARJUNA G, TEOTIA R S (Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka) : Histopathological studies of newly isolated microsporidian NIK-5hm infecting tissues of Silkworm, Bombyx mori L.. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev 2019, 6(5), 104-6.

Ultrastructure of Gut of Silkworm, Bombyx mori L. infected with newly isolated microsporidian NIK-5hm shows hypertrophy and structural disorganization in the infected tissue. From 0 to 6 DPI, there were no clear histopathological symptoms. On 8 DPI, histo-pathological symptoms were initiated and few midgut goblet and columnar cells developed abnormality and became shrunken. On 10 DPI, The cells were less stained throughout the progressive infection. On 12 DPI multi-layered and undifferentiated regenerative nidi cells were found. The infected cells were continuously pushed off into the midgut lumen due to newly developed immature cells of regenerative nidi cells. The number of regenerative nidi cells were more in this tolerant breed (PM) compared to susceptible breed (CSR2). From 12 DPI, the damaged goblet cells were continuously replaced by the newly formed regenerative nidi cells.

2 illus, 7 ref

002991   OJHA R V S (Zoology Dep, Raja Balwant Singh Coll, Agra, Uttar Pradesh) : Reproduction behaviour in Abgrallaspis nahari (OJHA) (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae). Int J Entomol Res 2019, 4(3), 63-4.

Abgrallaspis nahari falling among armoured scale insects are the most serious, cosmopolitan pest of leaves, fruits and berry cultured, subtropical fruits, commercial and decorative plants as well as forest species. It includes many injurious pest of economical plants and thus reproductive studies of Abgrallaspis nahari will disclose the accurate identification and infestation of this species and will be utilized by future workers for control purpose.

2 tables, 12 ref

002967   AÏKPON R, KLOTOÉ J R, DRAMANE G, BRETTENNY M, LAWANI Y (Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), 06 BP 2604 Cotonou, Bénin) : Larval breeding characteristics and distribution of Aedes mosquito species in the economic capital of Benin: A public health concern. Int J Entomol Res 2019, 4(3), 57-62.

Aedes mosquito is a vector for transmitting numerous arboviroses. Knowledge of the breeding habitat of this mosquito is crucial for preventing arboviroses occurrence and for implementing appropriate interventions for control. Therefore, this study aims to assess the breeding habitats and presence of Aedes mosquito species in the study areas. A house-to-house cross-sectional entomological survey was carried out in three localties of Cotonou, the economic capital of Benin in order to investigate the presence of larval breeding sites of Aedes mosquito. All available water-holding containers found in and around houses were inspected for the presence of immature stages of Aedes mosquitoes, and they were collected and reared to the adult stage for species identification. Of the 450 houses surveyed for the presence of Aedes mosquito larval breeding. About 15.77% of a total of 479 water-holding inspected containers were found to be infested with Aedes mosquito larvea. Discarded tires had an especially high positivity rate for Aedes mosquitoe larvae (54.93%) and this is perfectly explained by the marketing of second-hand tires in the study area. The dominant Aedes mosquito species that emerged from the collected larvae was Ae. Aegypti, suggesting a potential threat for arbovirus transmission. This study highlights the need for the establishment of a suitable entomological surveillance program for Aedes mosquioto. Additinally, public health education, creating knowledge and awareness of the residents on mosquito-borne diseases should be advised.

5 illus, 32 ref

003001   SHINDE S S, DALE N S (Zoology Dep, Vivekananad Arts Sardar Dalip Singh Commerce and Science Coll, Samarth Nagar, Aurangabad, Maharashtra) : Evaluations of different culture media for mass production of Beauveria bassiana. Int J Entomol Res 2019, 4(3), 55-6.

Among different six media, Potato dextrose yeast broth emerged as a best medium for mass production of B. bassiana and recorded highest 10.50 gms /50 ml of mat formation at 7 days after inoculation. At 14 days after inoculation it shows 13.41 gms/50 ml of mat formation while after 21 days after inoculation shows highest growth of mat of 15.67 gms/50 ml. Potato dextrose broth as the second best medium which produced 9.37 gms/50 ml of mat formation at 7 days after inoculation. At 14 days after inoculation it shows 11.21 gms/50 ml of mat formation where as at 21 days after inoculation shows 13.11 gm/50 ml of mat formation.

1 table, 10 ref

002970   ANITHA S , MAHENDRAN P , SELVAKUMAR S , JANARTHANAN P , RAGHUNATH M , MEGALA R , EBZIBA C V , VIDYA SL , SAGADEVAN P (Biotechnology Dep, KSG Coll of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu) : Bio- effienc of Entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (METSCH) against the tea mosquito bug, Helopeltis theivora (water house) and the red spider mite, Oligonychus coffeae (NIETNER) infecting tea in South India. Int J Entomol Res 2019, 4(3), 49-54.

Tea Mosquito Bug (TMB), Helopeltis theivora and Red Spider Mite (RSM), Oligonychus coffeae are considered as major pests of the South India. The current study is aimed to find entomopathogenic fungi from tea planted area and to develop a bioremedial agents. The laboratory evaluation was made on the effect of M. anisopliae against RSM and TMB by different types of bioassay methods were employed, they are direct spray, leaf exposure dipping and multiple dose bioassays. HPLC analysis of M. anisopliae revealed 4 peaks out of 10 peaks from crude culture on potato dextrose agar. So that results were observed as M. anisopliae act an important biocontrol for tea crap affecting Helopeltis theivora (tea mosquito bug) and Oligonychus coffeae (RMS) and also, this biocontrol fungal suspension has the power to limit the growth of commercial pesticides.

7 illus, 4 table, 18 ref

002976   HOSSAIN T, YESMIN F, ISLAM A T M F (Radiation Entomology and Acarology Div, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh) : Impact of sucrose in adult diet on survivorship of males of Bactrocera tau (Diptera: Tephritidae). Int J Entomol Res 2019, 4(3), 45-8.

Pumpkin fruit fly, Bactrocera tau, is a key pest in pumpkin orchards, causing serious economic damage. Impact of sucrose and protein on survivorship of adult males of Bactrocera tau has been studied in the present study. Flies fed optimal diet (Sucrose and Protein in 3:1 ratio), and only sugar from the day of eclosion demonstrated mortality of only 7.33% and 1.33% respectively in 4 days. However, flies fed only protein, and starved from the day of eclosion showed mortality of 100% and 99.6% respectively in the same time period. At the same time, change of dietary habit of flies from optimal diet to protein as well as optimal diet to no food on 7th and 11th day resulted no survivorship, or 100% mortality, for both cases in 4 days. Number of adult flies died for the change of optimal diet to sugar on 7th day and 11th day in the study period was insignificant. Study demonstrated the absolute requirement of carbohydrate in the adult diet, and insignificant capability of conversion of lipids to metabolic energy.

9 illus, 1 table, 22 ref

002993   PAIKADE S, CHAVAN R (Zoology Dep, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada Univ, Aurangabad, Maharashtra) : Studies on taxonomy of parasitic tick genus Hyalomma (Ixodida: Ixodidae) from Aurangabad district M.S. India. Int J Entomol Res 2019, 4(3), 27-30.

The present study deals with the taxonomy of species of Genus Hyalomma from Aurangabad district of Maharashtra, India. Genus Hyalomma is parasitic ticks of various domestic animals. The present study was carried out on ectoparasitic ticks of milch cattles of Aurangabad district from June-2015 to May-2016. Total three species of genus Hyalomma such as Hy. Anatolicum, Hy. Marginatum, Hy. Impeltatum were identified as per the keys and descriptions given by Wall. R and Shearer. D (1997). Soulsby E. J. I (1982). Hoogstraal (1965). and Asadollah Hosseini-Chegeni (2013).

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