045020   BASHER Z A, AHMIDA Z E, MUNAYR M S, MAHRAZ S M (Chemistry Dep, Fezzan Univ, Libya, Email: 1*zamzambasher6@gmail.com) : UV-specteophotometry to determine the content of tanning substance in extract of acacia nilotica seeds. J Chem & Cheml Sci 2020, 10(9), 319-22.

The present work was designed to quantify the tannin in the acacia nilotica from seeds by the spectrophotometric method. A simple and reproducible UV spectrophotometric method for the quantitative determination of tannins in acacia nilotica seeds was developed and validated. Therefore, in the present study an attempt has been made to determine the tannin content in acacia nilotica using Folin-Denis’ method. A blue colored complex is formed by using tannic acid. The spectrophotometric method performed well in quantifying the tannin.The method showed the amount for tannin in the range of 3.447mg 3.815mg and 4.351mg in each extract distilled water, ethanol(99%) and acetone respectively.

1 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

045019   MOSES J M, WAGH A K, DESHPANDE A P, BHISE V (Chemistry Dep, Hislop Coll, Nagpur- 440 001, Email: msimns22@gmail.com) : Studies on physiochemical parameters to assess the water quality of vena river for drinking purposes, Hingna region, Nagpur district, Maharashtra, India. J Chem & Cheml Sci 2020, 10(8), 311-8.

The Vena river rises near Vena dam (off Amaravati Rd) and then flows towards the Wardha river through Hingna taluka, near Butibori. It is the water source for about ten villages and yet its water is polluted. This is mainly due to the discharge of untreated industrial effluents and sewage in it as Hingna is an industrial suburb of Nagpur city with industries operating from Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation areas. The present study has been made to analyze the quality of the Vena river water in the winter season. Representative samples were taken from four locations along the course of the river. Various parameters like pH, Total Dissolved Solids, Alkalinity, Dissolved Oxygen, Chemical Oxygen Demand, BOD, EC, nitrate, chloride, sulphate, fluoride, etc. indicate quality parameters of river water. From the above parameters analyzed, it was concluded that the Vena river water is of good quality and satisfies the requirement for use of various purposes like domestic, agricultural, industrial, etc. All physicochemical parameters were compared with the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and National River Water Quality standards.

4 tables, 9 ref

045018   YESSUF A M, SRINIVASAN B, ERANNA B C (Arba Minch Univ, Ethiopia, East Africa, Email: 2-buski87@gmail.com) : Development of functional drink from the leaves of Moringa stenopetala. J Chem & Cheml Sci 2020, 10(8), 296-310.

Moringastenopetalais a tree in the Moringa genus of flowering plants, native to Kenya and Ethiopia (southern part). It can be harvested all year round and plays a vital role for household food security, as source of income, medicine, fodder, fuel for the people in thatregion. It has large edible leaves reported to have high amounts of essential amino acid with the right balance, as well as high amounts of minerals and vitamins. Moringa is said to be the new hope in efforts at minimizing malnutrition and various related ailments. Now-a-days the demand for functional foods is on the rise. Our project work aims in exploiting the potential of Moringastenopetala towards the development of functional drink. Mango, Avocado, carrot, ginger and lemon will be used as natural additives to enhance its taste and appearance. The developed drink will be analyzed for it’s proximate, sensory and shelf life analysis.

3 tables, 18 ref

045017   NURUZZAMAN M, HELEN S, ALI M I, LITON M A K (Chemistry Dep, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology Univ, Tangail- 1902, Bangladesh, Email: md.nuruzzaman04@gmail.com) : Synthesis, characterization and computational study of some schiff bases derived from p-aminoazobenzene. J Chem & Cheml Sci 2020, 10(7), 287-95.

Five new Schiff base ligands were synthesized from the reaction of paminoazobenzene with benzaldehyde, 3-nitrobenzaldehyde, 4-chlorobenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and cinnamaldehyde. These Schiff base compounds have been characterized by elemental analyses, FT-IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopic measurements. Computational studies further revealed their molecular geometry and electronic properties at the PM6 level by performing the semi-empirical molecular orbital theory.

1 illus, 7 tables, 31 ref

045016   EGHBILI A I, BADER B A, BULGASEM B Y, FNAISH S G, IBRAHEM I S, MOHAMED F F (Chemistry Dep, Bright Star Univ, Brega, Libya, Email: Aliyaidris86@yahoo.com) : Synthesis and characterization of glycerol from vegetable oil. J Chem & Cheml Sci 2020, 10(6), 277-86.

Glycerol, also known as 1, 2, 3-propanetriol is a viscous colorless and odorless liquid that tastes sweet; it is derived from both petrochemical and natural raw materials by esterification. The transesterification reactions of two different vegetable oils (sunflower and palm oil) with methanol, using potassium hydroxide as catalyst, for the production of glycerol, were studied. The preparation of ester involved a twostep transesterification reaction that was accompanied by purification. Nuclear magnetic resonance and FITR were employed to detect the spectra of the glycerol’s and oils respectively. There was no much difference in the glycerol yield by the two oils in which 2.6% and 2.5% were obtained by the sunflower and palm oil respectively. The physicochemical properties of the glycerol produced by both oils showed no differences in the free fatty acid contents, density and acid value but saponification value of 256.4 mgKOH/g for sunflower oil and 216.3 mg KOH/g for palm oil; viscosity of 8.5cp for sunflower oil and 4.96cp for palm oil; yellow color for to 5.3 that of sunflower oil and dark brown for that of palm oil. The Fatty acid measured by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) revealed that sunflower oil had a percentage area ranging from 1.3 to 5.32% with retention time of 5.6 to 10 minutes while palm oil fatty acids had a percentage area of 0.02 to 0.17% with a retention time of 8.1 to 14.5 minutes. This has shown that the oils can be good sources for the production of glycerol and biodiesel.

9 illus, 7 tables, 9 ref

045015   ISLAM M K, NURUZZAMAN M, RIPON R I, RUPA M R, SHALAUDDIN M, HOSSAIN M M (Chemistry Dep, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology Univ, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh, Email: dr.islam.mbstu@gmail.com) : Oxidation of vanadium(iii) to vanadium(iv) by l-methionine and l-threonine: an in vitro investigation regarding the redox behavior of vanadium in the vanadocyte of ascidians. J Chem & Cheml Sci 2020, 10(6), 265-76.

Certain ascidians accumulate high levels of vanadium from sea water and store in their blood cells (called vanadocytes), though the mechanism for this curious biofunction remains unrevealed. To better understand whether the accumulation process of vanadium by ascidians are redox or not, and to justify the persistence of large extent of vanadium(III) with small extent of vanadium(IV) in the vanadocytes, the oxidation behavior of vanadium(III) to vanadium(IV) pursued by several amino acids were investigated. UV-Visible and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy indicated that, among tested amino acids only L-Methionine and L-Threonine assist very fast oxidations adopting the physiological pH region (i.e., pH 4~5.5) relevant to vanadocyte. In particular, amino acids promote the oxidation of vanadium(III) which have smaller stability constant value with vanadium(III) and larger stability constant value with vanadium(IV), i.e., (log K1 and log K₂)>7.4.

3 illus, 1 table, 55 ref

045014   SAROJINI T, RAMACHANDRAIAH A (Guru Nanak Institutions Technical Campus, Ibrahimpatnam, Email: sarojinithirthala@gmail.com ) : Synthesis and characterization of some macro cyclic polynuclear µ-azide and oxalate spacer bridged copper complexes. J Chem & Cheml Sci 2020, 10(5), 253-64.

An attempt is made to synthesize and study the coordination compounds with enhanced spacial gap between the bulky bridging moieties such as biphenyl bridges. This is possible by insertion of multi dentate spacer type bridging ions or groups. The idea is to tailor coordination compounds possessing enough room for the free entry and exit of molecules such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen etc., for any specific model activity. In one category, the azide and oxalate bridged groups used as spacer groups separately in the complexes of [Cu₄(dadpm male)₂(N₃)₄(H₂O)₄, [Cu₄(o.toli male)₂(N₃)₄(H₂O)₄, [Cu₄(dadpm male )₂(Ox)₂ (H₂O)₄ [Cu₄(o.toli male)₂ (Ox)₂ (H₂O)₄ and in another category, both azide and oxalates groups used together as groups such as[Cu4(dadpm male)₂ (Ox)₂(N₃)₄, [Cu₄(o.toli male)₂(Ox)₂ (N₃)₄ etc., were synthesized and characterized using different techniques like Elemental analysis, DSC, ESR, IR and Electronic spectra are recorded.

6 illus, 8 tables, 14 ref

045014   EL-TABL A S, ABD-EL WAHED M M, NABAWY A A, FAHEEM S M (Chemistry Dep, El-Menoufia Univ, Shebin El -Kom, Egypt) : Preparation, spectroscopy characterization and anticancer activity of new polyhydroxy ligand and its metal complexes. J Chem & Cheml Sci 2020, 10(5), 230-52.

New binuclear Mn (II),Co (II),Ni (II),Cu (II),Zn(II),Cd (II), and Pb(II), of (1Z,2Z,5Z,6Z)-diethyl N'1,N'6-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2,5-bis(1-((2-hydroxyphenyl) amino)ethylidene)hexanebis(imidate) dihydrate have been prepared and characterized using elemental and thermal analysis, IR,UV-VIS, 1H-NMR,mass spectroscopy, magnetism, conductivity and ESR measurements. The conductivity data indicate non electrolytic in nature. The elemental and spectral data confirmed distorted octahedral structure of the complexes. The ESR spectra show the complexes anisotropic and isotropic type with covalent bond character. The invitro cytotoxic activity of the ligand and some of its complexes have been studied against liver cancer carcinoma.

4 illus, 7 tables, 70 ref

045013   BOUOBOUO P L, IKOME H N, NGANDEU F, DUFAT H, TCHINDA A T, NGADJUI B T (Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde- 13033, Cameroon, Email: talembert@gmail.com) : A prenylated flavanone and other constituents of the twigs of Millettia duchesnei (leguminosae). J Chem & Cheml Sci 2020, 10(5), 222-9.

Chemical investigation of the twigs of MillettiaduchesneiDeWild (Leguminosae) led to the isolation of a new prenylated flavone, edikinone (1) together with seven known rotenoids:6a,12a-dehydrodeguelin, 6-methoxy-6a,12a-dehydrodeguelin, 6-hydroxy-6a,12a-dehydrodeguelin, 6-oxo-6a,12a-hydrodeguelin, elliptone, 12-deoxo12 -methoxyelliptone, 12a-hydroxyelliptone, flavonoids:eriodictyol, catechin andmedicarpin, the two triterpenoids: lupeol and arjunolic acid and one steroid: stigmasterol. The structure of 3 as well as those of the known compounds were elucidated by using spectroscopic methods (1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and MS analyses) and also by comparison with data from literature. Eriodictyol, catechin, medicarpin, lupeol, arjunolic acid and stigmasterol are reported for the first time from M. duchesnei. Keywords: Millettiaduchesnei, Leguminosae, ekidinone, rotenoids, steroids.

7 illus, 20 ref

045012   SEEMA, KUMARI S, RANKA M (Chemistry Dep, Rajasthan Univ, Jaipur- 302 004, Email: mmt31ran@gmail.com) : Ternary complex of NI(ii) derived from substituted benzothiazole and benzoimidazole : Synthesis and biological evaluation. J Chem & Cheml Sci 2020, 10(4), 214-21.

Mixed ligand derived metal complexes have wide range of applications in medicinal and biological fields.1-2 Our present work report synthesis of novel ligands using 4-methylacetophenone with 2-aminobenzothiazole (L1) and 2- aminobenzimidazole (L2) respectively. Above synthesized ligands (L1, L2) were characterized by elemental analysis, molecular weight determination, magnetic moment measurements and various spectroscopic techniques (UV-VIS, FTIR, NMR etc.). Further metal salt of Ni(II) was allowed for complexation with synthesized ligands and characterized. On the basis of above studies a six coordinated octahedral geometry has been proposed for above complex (Ni L1 L2 Cl2. nH2O). Further, synthesized compounds were evaluated for biological activity against various bacterial and fungal strains and results were concluded. In continuation of our research work, attention is made to synthesize new biologically active compounds by greener methods also.

4 tables, 13 ref

045011   YAZIE K S, SRINIVASAN B, ERANNA B C (Arba Minch Univ, Ethiopia, East Africa, Email: 2-buski87@gmail.com) : A study on analysis of physiochemical characteristics of moringa, mango and leucocephala seed oils. J Chem & Cheml Sci 2020, 10(5), 201-13.

The seed oils of Mangniferaindica (I), Moringa stenopetala (II) and Leuceanaleucocephala (III) were extracted and analyzed for their physiochemical characteristics. The seeds of I, II & III contained 12 %, 30 % and 8 % oil content respectively. The highest oil yield was obtained for Moringa and the lowest was recorded for leucocephala respectively. The oils of I, II & III had respectively, moisture content 6.76, 6.95 and 5.54; ash content 3.13, 5.74 and 4.08; acid value 0.41, 0.37 and 0.64; peroxide value 8.62, 12.37 and 2.65; iodine value 58.5, 68 and 112.7; saponification value 202.3, 182 and 146 respectively. The refractive indexes of all oils were found to be in around 1.45. All the extracted oils were liquid at room temperature and light yellow in color. The properties of oils analyzed showed that these oils can be used as ingredient in Biodiesel, Biopolymers, Bio lubricant, cosmetics and pharmaceutical applications.

3 illus, 6 tables, 17 ref

045010   EL-TABL A S, ABD-EL WAHED M M, EL-BASYOUNY M M, FAHEEM S M (Chemistry Dep, El-Menoufia Univ, Shebin El -Kom, Egypt) : Preparation, spectroscopic characterization and antitumor activity of new metal complexes of sodium 4,4'-((2e,2'e)-2,2'-((4,6-dihydroxy-1,3-phenylene)bis(ethan1-yl-1-ylidene))bis(hydrazinecarbonyl)) diphenolate hydrate. J Chem & Cheml Sci 2020, 10(5), 177-200.

New Series of Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Mn(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Sr(II), Ag(I), and mixed Mn(II) / CU(II), Ni(II) / Pb(II), Mn(II) / Pb(II), Ni(II) / Zn(II) and Mn(II) / Zn(II) complexs have been prepared and characterized using analytical, physical and spectroscopic techniques, namely IR, Uv-vis.,1H-NMR and Mass spectra as well as Magnetism, Thermal analysis (DTA/TGA) and ESR measurements. Molar conductance values are relatively low, showing their non-electrolytic nature. The ESR spectral of the metal complexes shows anisotropic and isotropic type with covalent bond character. The cytotoxicity activity of the ligand and some of its complexes against hepatocellular carcinoma have been studied. The results show :- Cu(II)complex(3) >Cd/Ni(I) complex(6) >Cu complex (13) > standard drug (SulfoRhodamine-B-stain (SRB)) > ligand (1) > Ag(II) complex(11) > Zn(II) complex(5). Complexes (3) and (6) are the most effective among the complexes and standard drug. Complexes (3) and (6) should be further investigated invivo in order to establish their potential to improve liver cancer treatment.

4 illus, 7 tables, 67 ref

045009   VAIDYA S P, VADALIA H C, GANGUDI P B, VEER S D, DHOMANE A S (Chemistry Dep, K. V. Pendharkar Coll, Mumbai- 421 203, Email: asdhomane@rediffmail.com) : Role of MG in silica supported mg/ni carbonate catalyst by thermal and XRD studies. J Chem & Cheml Sci 2020, 10(4), 165-76.

The silica supported basic magnesium nickel carbonate (basic Mg/Ni carbonate-Silica) precipitate powders containing different mole ratios of Mg/Ni were prepared and investigated by thermal and XRD techniques. It is hypothesized that in silica supported basic Mg/Ni carbonate at Mg/Ni mole ratio of > 1.0 the predominant concentration of Mg environment in the precipitation medium promotes formation of separate basic Mg carbonate phase rather than homogeneous phase of basic Mg/Ni carbonate precipitate. Therefore, such higher Mg/Ni ratio not only forms separate phase of basic Mg carbonate (separate MgO phase after calcination) but also restricts formation of -Mg-O-Ni- linkages.

2 illus, 9 tables, 12 ref

045008   SULEIMAN A N, YELWA J M, PINDIGA N Y, YAHAYA M F, SAIDU A, SAMUEL F A (Chemistry Dep, Gombe State Univ, Tudun Wada– 127, Gombe, Email: mjyelwa@gmail.com) : Antimicrobial studies of synthesized five new schiff base complexes of metals (ii) derived from mix of drugs sulfamethaxole with 2-aminopyridine and benzaldehyde. J Chem & Cheml Sci 2020, 10(4), 160-4.

Five new series of Fe(II), Mn(II), Co(II), Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes with five new Schiff base ligands have been prepared. The Schiff base ligands were synthesized by the condensation of Sulfamethaxole with 2-aminopyridine and Benzaldehyde. The ligands and their metal complexes have been characterized by IR and electronic spectra analysis. The Schiff base ligands and their metal complexes were tested for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, streptococcus pyrogen by agar well diffusion method. In vitro antimicrobial activities were measured from the diameter of clear zones caused by samples against the bacteria under the identical experimental conditions. The studies the complexes showed good biological activity against all the tested bacteria. This showed that transition metal complexes have significant improved antibacterial activity than parent drug.

1 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref

045007   VASUNDHARA D, SARIKA G, SURYAKALA D (Chemistry Dep, GITAM Univ, Visakhapatnam- 530 045, Andhra Pradesh, Email: duvvurisuryakala@gmail.com) : Synthesis and characterisation studies of nano metal oxides ( -Fe₂O₃, Co₃O₄ and CoFe₂O₄) at room temperature. J Chem & Cheml Sci 2020, 10(4), 152-9.

Recent advances in nanotechnology and the application in the fields such as super capacitors, investigative (MRI) magnetic resonance image, drug delivery and thermal treatment is interesting. Hence, it is worth to know the synthesis and the role of the nano particles in several fields. In this work, we reported the rapid room temperature synthesis of nanometal oxides (γ -Fe₂O₃{Maghemite},Co₃O₄ and CoFe₂O₄) and their characterization studies. In the synthesis procedure, metal oxalate precipitates were initially synthesized from the respective metal salts and sodium oxalate. Metal oxides and their composites can be produced by thermal decomposition of the precursor metal oxalates. Structure, morphology of the synthesized metal oxides were characterized by using various analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Brunauer – Emmett – Teller (BET) analysis. From above characterizations it was confirmed that the metal oxides synthesized are in nano size with high surface area with significant surface-to-volume ratio that enhances the reactivity and possible biochemical activities.

3 illus, 16 ref

045006   SINGH M K, PRASAD M (Chemistry Dep, Govt. P. G .Coll, Dholpur- 328 001, Email: drsinghchem@gmail.com) : Synthesis and characterisation of tri-2-chloro-5-nitro aniline phosphate. J Chem & Cheml Sci 2020, 10(4), 148-51.

Organic phosphates and their anhydrides dominate the living world. They are very important due to their wide range of applications in various branches of chemistry. Phosphate Esters are tribasic acid due to the presence of three hydroxyl group and are formed by the replacement of acidic hydrogen by an alkyl or aryl or their substituted derivative. These compounds consist of linkages like C-O-P, C-N-P, C-S-P etc.

20 ref

045005   MISHRA S P (Physics & Electronics Dep, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh Univ, Ayodhya– 224 001, Uttar Pradesh, Email: drspm9000@gmail.com) : Polysaccharide (Chitosan) crosslinked tripolyphosphate polyelectrolyte membrane impregnated with zinc oxide (ZNO) nanoparticles. J Chem & Cheml Sci 2020, 10(3), 143-7.

A polysaccharide as chitosan cross-linked sodium tripolyphosphate (CTPP) membrane which are impregnated with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles, to improve the antifouling performance in membrane surface. In synthesis of CTPP membrane, the concentration of tripoly phosphate (TPP) may varied , (0.5 %, 1.0 % &1.5 %) at pH 5.0, where the chitosan to zinc oxide nanoparticle ratio is 8:1,4:1 and 2:1, with specific wider pore radius of CTPP-ZnO membrane. When by adding of ZnO nanoparticles which led to affect in hydrophilicity of membrane with high performance as reverse transport in osmosis during performance test by using methylene blue dye with a 4 pm concentrate is passed through the membrane.

1 illus, 1 tables, 19 ref

045004   PRATIK P, THAKUR R V ( Chemistry Dep, M.L.S.M. Coll, Darbhanga– 846 004, Bihar, Email: pratikpanshu@gmail.com) : Study of phytochemicals, spectroscopic analysis and anti microbial activity of high value bioactive compound from methanolic extract of flower of Tilkor (Momoradica monadelpha). J Chem & Cheml Sci 2020, 10(3), 127-42.

In this paper an attention has been made on the physicochemical study of methanolic extract of flower of Tilkor (Momoradica monadelpha) made by soxhlet extraction process, phytochemical analysis of the extract, bifurcation, isolation of bioactive components through Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) as well as column chromatography respectively and the characterisation of isolated compound by using of several spectral analysis such as 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, U.V. Mass spectroscopy. In the methanolic extract of flower of the plant (in tropical conditions of Mithilanchal, Bihar, India) the presence of phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavanoids, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, steroids, phenol, protein, lipid, acid carbohydrate etc were reveled. The secondary metaboilities showed Antimicrobial activity. The two compounds isolated from flower were characterised by spectroscopic techniques which revealed the structure of compound A as n – dotriacontan – 15 – one , compound B as n – hexadecanyl oleate.

2 illus, 8 tables, 25 ref

045003   ASLAM A, HASSAN S M, MUGHAL S S, PERVEIZ S, MUSHTAQ M, MUNIR M, SHABBIR N, AYUB A R ( Chemistry Dep, Lahore Garrison Univ, Punjab, Pakistan, Email: shezi1130@gmail.com) : Investigation of biological activity of Salvia hispanica. J Chem & Cheml Sci 2020, 10(3), 111-26.

Salvia hispanica is rich in phenolic compounds with important biological properties like quartering and flavonol derivatives, catechin, oligomers and hydroxyl cinnamic. The biological characteristics which are associated with the Salvia hispanica are due to the presence of certain phytochemicals which act either individually or synergistically. Plant extracts of seeds and leaves were prepared in different solvent systems (100 % methanol, 80 % methanol, 100 % ethanol and 80 % ethanol). The phytochemical analysis was done by using total flavonoid contents and total phenolic contents. Isolation, purification and identification of toxigenic fungal strains and bacterial strains was carried out. The antifungal activity of plant was checked by using disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration method (MIC). Antioxidant activity will also be investigated of the plant extracts by reducing power and DPPH assays.

4 illus, 10 tables, 48 ref

045002   LATIF M J, HASSAN S M, MUGHAL S S, ASLAM A, MUNIR M, SHABBIR N, MUSHTAQ M, PERVEIZ S (Chemistry Dep, Lahore Garrison Univ, Punjab, Pakistan, Email: shezi1130@gmail.com) : Therapeutic potential of Azadirachta indica (Neem) and their active phytoconstituents against diseases prevention. J Chem & Cheml Sci 2020, 10(3), 98-110.

Neem (Azadirachta indica) is an important member of the Meliaceae family and its role as health-promoting effect is attributed to it is rich source of phytoconstituents. It has been widely used in Ayurvedic, Chinese and Unani medicines worldwide particularly in Indian Subcontinent in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Earlier finding confirmed that neem and its phtoconstituents play a key role to scavenge free radical generation and prevention of disease pathogenesis. It is considered as safe medicinal plants and regulates the various biological processes without any adverse effect. In this current review, the role of Azadirachta indica is summarized in the prevention and treatment of diseases via the regulation of various physiological and biological pathways.

1 illus, 51 ref

041252   SIRIKONDA S, SRAVANTHI D, SWETHA K, ANKIREDDY S R, SHEREEN S, MANRA M Z, REDDY K S (Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Dep, Mamata Dental Coll, Khammam, Telangana, Email: kolasrikanthreddy@gmail.com) : Comparative efficacy of calcarea phosphorica versus calcium hydroxide materials for the disinfection of remaining carious dentin in deep cavities: An in vivo study. Indian J Dent Sci 2020, 12(1), 21-6.

The aim of the study was to comparatively evaluate the efficacy of clinical and radiographic effects of calcarea phosphorica (CP) and calcium (Ca)(OH)₂ (Dycal) in indirect pulp capping of permanent teeth over a period of 6 months. Permanent teeth were selected from children between the age group of 7 and 12 years, of which 20 teeth were considered, each for indirect pulp capping with CP and Ca(OH)₂ , respectively. Increase in dentin thickness was measured at baseline, 3 month, and 6 month on digitized radiographs using CorelDraw software. Independent t‑test had indicated that at the end of 3 and 6 months, a statically significant increase in dentin thickness with both CP and Dycal (P ≤ 0.001) was found within the CP group; the thickness of dentin formed was 0.089 mm ± 0.031 mm at first 3 months and 0.055 ± 0.022 mm at the second 3 months (P ≤ 0.001) evaluated using paired t‑test. In the Dycal group, increment in dentin deposited was 0.068 mm at the first 3 months and second 3 months. It was 0.030 mm (P ≤ 0.001). Both clinically and radio graphically, CP is superior to Dycal as indirect pulp capping medicament in permanent teeth.

7 illus, 4 tables, 19 ref

041250   KINRA M S, ALGHATAM H M, BIN AL A A A, SHARANESHA R B, KHATRI P K, SHARMA A (Jaipur Dental Hospital, Abohar, Punjab, Email: manishkinra101@gmail.com) : To evaluate the effect of storage temperature on the linear dimensional accuracy of delayed and repeat pours of two addition silicone impression materials. Indian J Dent Sci 2020, 12(1), 7-15.

Addition silicone elastomers are the most commonly used impression materials for making final impression for fixed partial dentures, implants, and removable partial dentures. The dimensional stability and accuracy of addition silicone impression material is influenced by the storage time, temperature, and repeat pour. The aims and objectives of this study were to evaluate the accuracy of two different types of addition silicone elastomeric impression materials, stored at different temperatures; to evaluate the accuracy of two different types of addition silicone elastomeric impression materials after delayed and repeated pour; and to compare the linear dimensions of two different types of addition silicone elastomeric impression materials with a control die. A machined standard steel master die and a metal custom impression tray were made for making a final impression of machined standard steel master die. The final impression was made by using two different brands of addition silicone impression materials (Aquasil™ Ultra Impression material, Dentsply/Caulk, Milford, DE, USA, and 3M™ ESPE™). Double‑step putty light‑body impression technique was used for making the final impression. In this manner, a total of eighty impressions were made, and they were divided into two groups namely Group I and Group II. To study the effect of delayed pours and storage temperature, the two groups were further divided into four subgroups, with ten impressions each. All the ten impressions of each subgroup were stored in an acrylizer at 40°C, −10°C for 24 h, −2°C for 48 h, and 0°C for 1 week inside a refrigerator in sealed plastic bags before being poured with type IV dental stone. To study the effect of repeat pours on the accuracy of stone casts, all the ten impressions of each subgroup were immediately re‑poured with type IV die stone after the removal of the first set of casts. Thus, again a fresh set of eighty casts were obtained having forty casts to each group. When the impressions were stored in the acrylizer at 40°C, −10°C for 24 h, −2°C for 48 h, and 0°C for 1 week, the addition silicone impression materials did not show any significant change when compared to the control samples. Both the types of addition silicone elastomeric impression materials maintained their accuracy after delayed pours and repeat pours. Storing impressions under different conditions caused no adverse effect upon the accuracy of both types of addition silicone elastomeric impression materials. There was no significant change in the dimensions of stone casts obtained from both impression materials as compared to the dimensions of the master die. Even though if the addition silicone impression material is delayed, i.e. poured up to 1 week, repeat poured, and exposed from − 10°C to 40°C, the linear dimensional accuracy will not be adversely affected.

3 illus, 14 tables, 51 ref

041247   KABRA R, RODRIGUES S J, PAI U, SHENOY R, SHETTY T B, HEGDE P, MAHESH M, SALDANHA S (Prosthodontics Dep, Manipal Coll of Dental Sciences, Mangalore - 575 001, Karnataka, Email: ereldiaz@yahoo.com) : Evaluation of chemical disinfection and microwave irradiation on denture base materials: An in vitro study. Indian J Dent Res 2020, 31(2), 282-90.

This study evaluated the effect of chemical disinfection and microwave irradiation on the surface hardness and roughness of two commercially available hard relining materials (Ufi Gel hard, GC Kooliner) and one denture base resin (Trevalon). A total of 72 specimens (n = 24) were divided into four groups. C: Not disinfected, Cl: disinfected with 4 % chlorhexidine solution, Gl: disinfected with 2 % glutaraldehyde solution, Mw: disinfected with microwave irradiation (650 W; 6 min). Hardness and roughness measurements were made after polymerisation, 1^st day, 14^th day and 28^th day. Ufi Gel hard showed an increased roughness after 1^st day (P = 0.021) following chemical disinfection and GC Kooliner showed similar results after 14^th day (P < 0.05). Microwave irradiation showed a significant increase in surface roughness value after 1^st day (P < 0.05) for both Ufi Gel hard and GC Kooliner. Hardness of both Ufi Gel (12.131 to 7.333 VHN) and Kooliner (9.133 to 5.276 VHN) was significantly reduced by chemical disinfection, while microwave irradiation resulted in an increased surface hardness of Kooliner (from 9.126 to 12.713 VHN) and Ufi Gel hard (from 11.698 to 14.940VHN). Results for Trevalon were not significant for both the disinfection methods. Microwave irradiation increased the surface roughness and hardness of Ufi Gel hard and Kooliner, while chemical disinfection resulted in a decreased hardness and increased roughness of both hard relining materials. There was no effect of either of the disinfection methods on Trevalon.

2 illus, 7 tables, 54 ref

041239   KUJUR S K, GOSWAMI V, NIKUNJ A M, SINGH G, BANDHE S, GHRITLAHRE H (Oral Pathology Dep, Govt Dental Coll, Raipur - 492 001, Chattisgarh, Email: shirishtirkey@gmail.com) : Efficacy of omega 3 fatty acid as an adjunct in the management of chronic periodontitis: A randomized controlled trial. Indian J Dent Res 2020, 31(2), 229-35.

Periodontitis is conventionally treated with both surgical and nonsurgical methods. Various adjuncts have been used previously with compromised efficacy. Recently omega‑3(ώ‑3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were shown to have therapeutic anti‑inflammatory and protective actions in inflammatory diseases including periodontitis. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy of ώ‑3 fatty acids as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the treatment of periodontitis. 110 Patients were selected for the study out of which 20 were excluded (12 not meeting the inclusion criteria and 8 refused to participate). 90 patients (48 in test and 42 in the control group) after randomisation through a coin toss method were enrolled in a single‑blind randomised controlled trial conducted in the Periodontics department of a dental college. Full mouth subgingival scaling and root planing and ώ‑3 fatty acid 500 mg (EPA/DHA 180/120 mg), BD daily for 1 month was given to the test group and subgingival scaling and root planing only was given to the control group. Clinical parameters like probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, plaque index and gingival index were recorded at baseline, 1 and 3 months and were compared. Statistical analyses demonstrated a significant reduction in probing pocket depth (t = 65.56, P = 0.000) and (t = 51.69, P = 0.000) at 1 and 3 months, respectively, in test group compared to baseline and control group. There was a significant gain in clinical attachment level (t = 63.29, P = 0.000) and (t = 31.03, P = 0.000) at 1 and 3 months, respectively, in test group compared to baseline and control group. The gingival index shows an appreciable reduction in both groups, and in test group, it is statistically significant at 3 months (t = 2.15, P = 0.03). There was no statistical significant reduction in plaque index at 3 months (t = 0, P = 0.997). The present study showed that adjunctive use of ώ‑3 fatty acids proved to be beneficial over scaling and root planing alone in the treatment of chronic moderate periodontitis. The beneficial effects were in terms of significant improvements in clinical parameters, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level and gingival index. Dietary modulation is now emerging as an adjunct to periodontal therapy. Hence, omega‑3 fatty acid may be used routinely in the management of chronic periodontitis.

2 illus, 5 tables, 34 ref

046461   ORITA A, MUSOU-YAHADA A, SHOJI T, OKI T, OHTA H (Nakamura Gakuen Univ, Fukuoka 814-0198, Japan, Email: hohta@nakamura-u.ac.jp) : Proximate, Anthocyanin and Oligomeric Proanthocyanidin Compositions of Cowpeas [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] Cultivated in Southwest Japan. Legum Res 2020, 43(3), 359-4.

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is one of the traditional ingredients of Japan. The objective of this study was to investigate the nutritional and chemical composition and the biological activities of cowpea grown in Okinawa region, a subtropical area located in south west Japan. This study demonstrated that the protein and dietary fiber content of cowpea grown in the Okinawa region was similar to that of cowpeas grown in other countries. In addition, it was found that the sodium content and anthocyanin composition of cowpeas grown in the Okinawa region was different from that grown in other regions of Japan; however, no significant differences were observed in proanthocyanidin composition and content among the cowpeas grown in different cultivation areas in Japan.

3 tables, 28 ref

043049   SABIR S, SADIA H, ISHFAQ M, SHAHID S (Chemistry Dep, Management and Technology Univ, Lahore, Pakistan) : Tribulus terrestris: A pharmacological review. Int J Res Pharm Chem 2020, 10(3), 276-9.

Most of the plants are used as medicine. These plants have different constituents to cure diseases. Tribulus.terrestris is belongs to the family zygophyllaceae. The part of plant which is used as medicine is leaves fruits and sometime whole plant. T.terrestris have flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and flavonol glycosides. Plant also contain flower which is used as medicine. T.terrestris is actually shady plant and grew across the road and also in different crops. In this review article the pharmacological activities of T.terrestris is highlighted like antibacterial, in vivo antiviral, antioxidant, antihyperglycaemic activity, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial activity, antifungul activity, vascular protective effect, analgesic activity, anti ischemic cardioprotection, antihypertensive activity, and antihyperlipidemic activity. T.terrestris gives effective results against these pharmacological activities.

1 illus,16 ref

041166   KAUR G, SAHA S, DAS A, NAITHANI M (Biochemistry Dep, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, Email: naithanimanisha@gmail.com) : Prevalence and health related effects of internet addiction on medical students in a tertiary care center. Indian J Comm Health 2020, 32(1), 145-50.

Internet usage has increased exponentially in recent years. This growing use of internet has become worrisome as to whether to consider this excessive use as an addiction and if it negatively impacts one’s physical, mental and social health To investigate the prevalence of internet addiction and its association with health related factors in Medical students. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample size of 250. The students were asked to self-administer a semi-structured proforma regarding internet usage, Young’s IAT and Duke’s Health Profile. Young’s IAT was used to measure the addition level. Duke’s Health Profile was used to assess the physical, mental and social status. 250 students participated in the study, 62 % male and 38 % female. 86 % were found to be average online user and 1.2 % had scores of category of Internet addiction. There was a significantly positive association between monthly expenditure and Young Score Grade. Those falling in category of Internet Addiction had low physical, mental and general health score and high Anxiety and Depression Score. From this study it can be concluded that internet addiction may have negative impact on physical, mental and social well-being of Medical students.

1 illus, 3 tables, 17 ref

042905   BAIOMY A, IBRAHIM M (King Abdulaziz Univ, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia) : Effect of vitamin d, zinc and copper supplements to enhance treatment of covid-19 patients. Indian J Sci Res 2020, 11(1), 95-9.

The 2019 Coronavirus diseased caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is one of the greatest global health challenges of recent times. To date, no known vaccine has been approved for its prevention and therapeutic interventions involve supportive care. Current preventive measures involve physical distancing, the use of face mask, regular hand washing, or the use of alcohol-based sanitizers. Several previous studies have reported potential antiviral properties of Vitamin D, Zinc, and Copper. Supplementation of these immunomodulators has the potentials to enhance the innate and adaptive immune response in immunocompromised and critically ill patients by the restoration of the depleted immune cell functioning or improvement in normal immune cell functions. Vitamin D administration protected against acute lung injury. Zinc is effective against hepatitis C viral replication and exposure to copper resulted in the loss of coronavirus 229E viral genome. In this review, we present evidence for the potential benefits of Vitamin D, Zinc, and Copper supplementation which may assist critically ill COVID-19 patients.

44 ref

042902   RANADE JAY R, SHAKER A (Biochemistry Dep, Parul Univ, Waghodia, Vadodara) : Co- relation between diabetes and depression: A need for further genetic analysis. Indian J Sci Res 2020, 11(1), 77-80.

Out of all the major disease burdens diabetes and depression are the most common amongst metabolic disease and mental disorders, respectively. Both the diseases have more mortality rate than any other metabolic or mental disorders. Even though both do not share any common symptoms at first depression and diabetes share a common link as observed by many literature reviews. Patients with any of the two diseases are at more risk to develop the other disease than normal people. The literature review based study provides the base for finding whether or not in depressed patients, the genes associated with diabetes are getting differentially expressed or not. This can be easily done by sequencing for diabetes specific genes in clinically depressed patients. Which can provide more insights into the control of gene expression, and whether or not can it be reversed by treating either of the condition.

1 table, 32 ref

042892   SRIVASTAVA A K, SHUKLA A K, SRIVASTAVA N (Chemistry Dep, B R A Bihar Univ, Muzaffarpur, Bihar) : Kinetic studies of malachite green adsorption on copper (ii) complex. Indian J Sci Res 2020, 11(1), 7-12.

The adsorption process of malachite green on Cu (II) -2-aminothiozole complex was investigated at different pH, contact time, initial concentration of malachite green and amount of the Cu (II) complex. The adsorption and kinetic parameters were obtained and tested for different adsorption models and kinetics models by regression analysis method. The results indicated that the data best fit with Freundlich adsorption isotherm and follows pseudo second order kinetics.

9 illus, 4 tables, 9 ref

042890   MUTHUKUMAR T (Marwadi Univ, Rajkot, Gujrat) : Business analytics: Current state & challenges. Indian J Sci R 2020, 10(2), 143-52.

At present time and state of the market where businesses and organizations are striving hard to survive and improve performance due to high availability of similar products and services, business processes or products are playing less and less significant role when it comes to differentiate oneself from the others. As a result, more and more firms are leaning towards selecting one or a few distinctive capabilities on which they base their strategies on and then apply extensive quantitative analysis to support the selected capability. In this paper we have examined how analytics is delivering values for various internal and external processes. Form an internal view point, processes related to financial, manufacturing, research and development, and human resources are significantly using analytics. From an external process view point, analytics is presently used in client relations, marketing, supply chain optimizations and in few other processes. We have presented the business functions in different industries that are currently generating insight from analytics and also pointed out areas that could benefit from an analytical approach. In conclusion, we have drawn attention to the challenges that are inevitable when embarking on the analytical journey and commented on the approach that should be taken.

3 illus, 14 ref

042889   SINGH R (Chemistry Dep, T.D.P.G. Coll, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh) : A mini review on antidiabetic plant derived alkaloids. Indian J Sci Res 2020, 10(2), 137-41.

Diabetes is a enocrine and metabolic disease in which blood sugar level becomes very high. The inadequacy of insulin or dysfunction of insulin or both result disturbances in the metabolism of fat, carbohydrate and protein. The chronic hyperglycemea (diabetes) damage the body system. Body does not properly process blood glucose to be used as energy. The control and management of diabetes with synthetic drugs is costly. The synthetic drugs are toxic and chances of side effects are very much high. Therefore a safer and effective treatment is needed with lower cost and lesser side effects. The plant derived chemicals play very important role in the management of diabetes mellitus. The natural alkaloids have been reported to exert a wide range of anti-diabetic activities. In present review article, an attempt has been made to report the various alkaloids isolated from plants with their antidiabetic activities.

52 ref

042875   DOBHAL B S, SHIMPI R P, FAROOQUI M (Badrinarayan Barwale Coll, Jalna, Maharashtra) : Ambient air quality assessment of jalna city (ms), India. Indian J Sci Res 2020, 10(2), 45-53.

The ambient air quality of Jalna city has been evaluated using air quality index (AQI). Air pollutants concentrationSO2 , NOx, RSPM and NRSPM were assessed at residential and industrial sites for one-year period. The monthly, seasonal and annual AQI values determined at both residential and industrial sites for a year. Results suggest better air quality at residential sits than industrial. Government regulations, efficient treatments in plants, proper waste disposal helped in pollution reduction. Annual mean concentrations of SO₂ and NOx found within the permissible limits of Indian National Ambient Air Quality standards (NAAQS), while RSPM and NRSPM concentrations violated at both sites. The annual AQI values 127.79 and 88.50 were recorded for residential and industrial site respectively due to higher RSPM.

5 tables, 41 ref

042873   SINGH P (Chemistry Dep, T.D. P.G. Coll, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh) : Antioxidant property of Solanum nigrum against heavy metal chromium. Indian J Sci Res 2020, 10(2), 33-8.

In environment there are varied form of life. Depending on its physical, chemical and biological properties, heavy metals have been released into the environment may move within an aquifer in the same manner that ground water contaminants. The contamination of nature compartments by heavy metals has become a serious environmental problem. Due to high cost of conventional cleanup technology, there is an increasing interest in the remediation of contaminated sites using biological environmental friendly technique i.e. phytoremediation. It this technique in which soil contamination due to industrial activities is minimized. In this method heavy metals are isolated and detoxify. Phytoremediation process is widely accepted as a cost effective and environmental friendly cleanup technology. During the exposure of plants to contaminated soils the antioxidant defense system helps the plant to protect itself from the damage. Antioxidants are substances used the body to protect itself from damage caused by oxidation due to toxic environment. Solanum nigrum (Black night shade) is common plant grown in all part of the India. In the presence work the plant S. nigrum was exposed to the heavy metal chromium contaminated soils and the biological factors, vitamins and mineral factor and antioxidant factors were investigated. From the observation it is evident that the heavy metal chromium affects significantly the biochemical factors, vitamins and mineral factors and antioxidant factors in S. nigrum plant. It is also clear that Solanum nigrum is found to be heavy higher antioxidant property than other plants.

3 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

042827   GOVERNMENT R M, OKEKE E T , ODERA R S , ANI A K , THADDAEUS J , IKECHUKWU N B (Chemical Sciences Dep, Federal Univ of Wukari, Wukari Taraba State, Nigeria, Email: mike.rabboni@yahoo.com) : Significance of alkaline treatment on the composition of mango seed shell fiber for polymer composite application. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(21), 2168–74.

The minimization of unnecessary components from agro-waste is essential for performance and conversion into useful products in domestic and industrial utilization. The need for removal of these unwanted components is important to boost the strength of the agro-waste for its effectiveness as additive in agro-based polymer composite production as new engineering material for structural purpose. This investigation entailed the influence of NaOH concentration and soaking time on the key compositional content of novel mango seed shell fiber (MSSF). The MSSF was treated with NaOH solution at 2.5, 5, 7.5 wt % concentration and soaking time of 2-6 hr. The compositions of MSSF were obtained for the treated and untreated sample by gravimetric method. The pure and NaOH treated MSSF were analyzed instrumentally employing Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer to show the functionality of some substances present. From this result, the optimum composition of MSSF was observed at 5 % NaOH concentration and 4 hr soaking time. The maximum composition at this condition improved than the crude MSSF by 71.33 % cellulose content, while the hemicelluloses and lignin content removal was lower than the raw fiber by 91.75 and 98.84 %, respectively. The results at this optimum treatment of MSSF composition can be recommended for agro-based polymer composite in indoor application.

4 illus, 1 table, 48 ref

044823   MEHLA R, BAJAJ R (Dairy Chemistry Div, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana) : Strawberry polyphenols-casein interaction: Impact on antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2020, 9(2), 61-7.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of binding of strawberry polyphenols with caseins/its different fractions (αs, β, and κ-casein) at different polyphenols concentration (0.5 to 5 mg/ml) as well as at different pH using protein precipitation technique. The polyphenols precipitation was observed to be ranged from 58 % to 72 % and found to be utmost with β-casein (72.7 %), moderately lesser with κ- casein and least with whole casein at 0.5 mg/ml concentration. A decrease in DPPH radical scavenging activity from 29.95 % to 30.28 % was observed due to interactions of strawberry polyphenols (0.5 mg/ml) with casein and its different fractions (10 mg/ml). An additive effect was found in antioxidant activity determined by ORAC-FL assay in polyphenol- αs casein, polyphenol- β casein, polyphenol- κ casein and polyphenol- whole casein with the polyphenol concentration ranged from 0.5 mg/ml to 2.5 mg/ml. Binding of strawberry polyphenols with casein and its different fractions at different concentrations caused a decrease in the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of polyphenols. The change in pH of protein-polyphenol solution did not affect the α-glucosidase inhibition activity, demonstrating that no significant (p>0.05) variation takes place in polyphenols binding with whole casein, αs-casein, βcasein, and κ-casein either at pH 5.5 or 6.6.

2 illus, 22 ref

044819   DAVID A, GUPTA S, SINGH S N, MOSES A S (Chemistry Dep, Ewing Christian Coll, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh) : Antimicrobial activity of Cynodon dactylon against MDR bacteria. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2020, 9(2), 34-6.

The antimicrobial activity of Cynodon dactylon (Grass) were determined and compared against 2 Gram+ve bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and 2 Gram-ve bacteria (Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli), which are Multi Drug Resistant (MDR). The Cynodon dactylon leaves were crushed and their extract was taken in Propanol. The efficiency of the extract were tested against MDR bacteria through well diffusion assay. In this endeavor the antimicrobial assay extract show inhibitory or antimicrobial activity against MDR bacteria. The propanol extract of Cynodon dactylon showed maximum antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram+ve) followed by Bacillus cereus (Gram+ve) while there is no antimicrobial activity obtained against Salmonella typhi (Gram-ve) and Escherichia coli (Gram-ve). On the basis of present finding it was concluded that the extract possess antimicrobial and pharmacological properties, hence can be used parallel to synthetic drugs which have undesirable side effects.

1 illus, 10 ref

044818   UDO U E, ECHEME J O, IGWE O U (Chemistry Dep, Uyo Univ, Uyo, Nigeria) : Isolation of 3, 5, 7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3- methoxyphenyl) chromen-4-one from the stem bark of Lonchocarpus sericeus Poir. (Papilionaceae). J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2020, 9(2), 31-3.

An O-methylated flavonol 3, 5, 7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) chromen-4-one (isorhamnetin) was isolated from the dichloromethane fraction of the stem bark of Lonchocarpus sericeus Poir., (Papilionaceae), a medicinal plant widely employed in folkloric medicine in many communities in Southern Nigeria for the treatment of inflammation and pain. Its structure was established by a combination of spectroscopic techniques including FT-IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, 2- dimensional NMR spectroscopy, ESI-MS/MS and by direct comparison with literature values. This is the first report of the isolation of this compound from the plant L. sericeus.

1 illus, 7 ref

044793   PUROHIT P, PUROHIT M C, KANDWAL A, RAWAT R (Chemistry Dep, Graphic Era Univ, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, Email: mcpurohit123@gmail.com) : Dyeing of woolen fibers with rhododendron arboreum flowers using Symplocos racemosa leaves as mordant under optimum conditions. J Mountain Res 2020, 15, 57-62.

Out of the multiple applications of the diverse natural products of Uttarakhand dyeing of fabrics with the help of various plant parts has always stood out. In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to extract natural dye from Rhododendron arboretum flowers and to optimize conditions of concentration and time for dyeing woolen sample from the extracted dye. The results showed that the colour strength (% Absorbance) increases with the increase in concentration of dye up to 0.03 g/ml concentration. Also, dyeing procedure has been optimized by using Symplocos racemosa leaves as mordant. The best results were obtained using simultaneous mordanting method with Symplocos racemosa leaves at 0.03 g/ml concentration.

6 illus, 3 tables, 33 ref

044783   MANDAL G K, DUTTA M , KUMAR T, MONDAL A , WALUNJ M G, MISHRA S K, DAS S K, PAIS R, PATHAK L C (CSIR- National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur- 831 007, Email: gopi@nmlindia.org) : Formation and growth of iron-zinc intermetallics during annealing treatment of galvanized steel. J Met Mater Sci 2020, 62(1-2), 37-60.

The development of desired microstructure of galvannealed sheet requires in-depth understanding of the formation and growth kinetics of various Fe-Zn intermetallic phases in the coating during post-treatment after hot dipping of the strip in liquid zinc alloy bath. Keeping this in view, annealing treatment of as-received commercial galvanized sheets, obtained from low (0.135 wt.% Al) and high (0.2 wt.% Al) aluminium containing zinc bath, is carried out to examine the microstructure of annealed sheet with varying strip annealing duration at a fixed galvannealing temperature. The effect of the bath aluminium concentration on the formation of the inhibition layer and on the formation mechanisms of various Fe-Zn intermetallics during subsequent galvannealing (GA) treatment is investigated. Strip annealing simulation is performed using Gleeble® 3800 thermo-mechanical simulator. A detailed characterization of the annealed specimens is carried out to study the galvannealed microstructure produced with varying annealing parameters for both the galvanized specimens obtained from commercial liquid zinc alloy bath with varying aluminium content. A systematic study of annealing treatment of galvanized sheet is performed to enhance the understanding of the role of reacted aluminium present at the interface of the substrate and coating in controlling the nucleation and growth kinetics of Fe-Zn phases to obtain the optimum galvannealed structure. It is observed that high aluminium galvanized bath hinders the formation of the desired sequence of Fe-Zn intermetallics in the coating during annealing treatment. However, galvannealed coating formed using low Al-containing zinc bath shows the desired sequence of various Fe-Zn intermetallics with favourable galvannealed microstructure mainly consisted of compact delta (d) phase, particularly after annealing for 20s at 470 °C.

16 illus, 5 tables, 30 ref

044773   ISMAIL R M, SALEH A H A, ALI K S (Chemistry Dep, Aden Univ, Yemen) : GC-MS analysis and antibacterial activity of garlic extract with antibiotic. J Med Plants Stud 2020, 8(1), 26-30.

Garlic (Allium sativum) is one of the herbs that used by traditional practitioners for preparation of herbals medicine. In the present study the antibacterial activity of aqueous and methanolic extracts of each local and imported garlic had been assayed separately against drug resistant clinical bacterial isolates include: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhi, in addition compare it's effect with conventional antibiotics. The antibacterial activity was determined by disc and a gar well diffusion method. The analysis of local and imported garlic constituents were done by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that there were differences in the antibacterial effect of garlic types and each extract. The aqueous extracts were more potent especially local garlic than the methanolic extracts, and all combinations were inferior in activity, when compared to the standard Ampicillin and the two types of garlic individually. The Inhibition zone of garlic varied ranging diameters (9.6 – 23.7 mm). The minimum inhibitory concentration of different bacterial species varied from 0.048 g/ml to 0.768 g/ml. The GC-MS analysis indicated that GC-MS analysis of local aqueous garlic showed the presence of: 3- chlorothiophene [7.35 %]; diallyldisulphide [13.93 %];-3-vinyl-1,2-dithiacyclohex-4-ene[18.40 %]; 3- vinyl1, 2 dithiacyclohex-5ene [4.12 %]; ethyl trifluoro methyl trisulphide [1.78 %]; amidino thiourea[1.04]. 3,3 ‟thiobis1-propene [3.34 %]; 1,4-diathiane [2.75 %]; N, N‟-dimethyl-thiourea [0.72 %]; 3-hydroxy, methyl-esteroctadecanoic acid [1.34 %]; 2-chlorobutoxyethylester acetic acid [2.73 %]; and 2- methoxy-n-tetrahydro furfuryl acetamide [1.54 %]. Conclusion: Garlic extracts showed a powerful inhibitory effect against pathogens compared with Ampicillin.

3 tables, 28 ref

042769   SHUKLA V, PATEL J , BHUTADIYA L , VORA J, JADAV J (Chemistry Dep, Sheth M N Science Coll, Patan - 384 265, Email: shuklavikas81@gmail.com) : Photocatalytic decolorization of mercuric picrate in the presence of zinc oxide. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(15), 1589–95.

This study was undertaken to examine the decolorization of mercuric picrate with ZnO as a photocatalyst. The photo catalytic decolorization of mercuric picrate in the presence of heterogeneous semiconductor in the aqueous solution has been investigated. The progress of the reaction was checked by Shimadzu 1600 UV visible spectrophotometer at different time intervals. The effect of various operational parameters was studied such as the effect of mercuric picrate concentration, amount of photo catalyst, effect of light intensity, effect of band gap and effect of pH on the solution of mercuric picrate. The study on the effect of radial quenchers such as methanol and ethanol were used. The optimum conditions were obtained as pH =5.0, [Hg-picrate] = 6 ×10^-5 M, amount of ZnO = 250 mg, light intensity =7.61 mWcm^-2. The rate constent ontained was k= 7.30 × 10-3 min^-1. The reaction proceeded through oxidation by hrdroxyl radial confirmed by scavenger. Zinc oxide is effective photocatalyst for decolorization of Hg-picrate. Other semiconductors like ZnS, CdS as well as PbS are not capable to carry out photoreaction. A tentative mechanism for this reaction has been proposed. Mercuric Picrate is a probably explosive toxic substance. Hence a safe way to decompose this molecule into smaller and nonexplosive ways is of crucial importance. Photocatalysis is well established method. However, decomposition of mercuric picrate to a safe level can be achieved by this method.

1 illus, 7 tables, 19 ref

042760   CHOHAN M, MEMON M, RAJPAR I , KHOOHARO A A , KUMBHAR M I , KAKAR H (Soil Science Dep, Sindh Agriculture Univ, Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan, Email: nisamemon@googlemail.com) : Arsenic transport in canal water and across rice fields in district Badin. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(14), 1505–11.

Irrigation water at Phuleli and Akram canals carry the waste of Hyderabad city and other places on the way to rice fields at lower part of Indus Plain. The long term use of arsenic contaminated irrigation water can accumulate arsenic in rice soils. This study evaluated total arsenic in irrigation water and transported load to rice sites, in addition to the arsenic concentration in main canals and waste sites on the way to Badin. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer equipped with hydride vapor assembly was used to analyze the arsenic concentrations in irrigation water. Currently, the irrigation water quality was generally within the permissible limits of FAO for rice. All types of wastes (14.62-37.2 µg L^-1) entering the Phuleli and Akram canals (7.08 µg L^-1) on the way contributed to total arsenic (6.30-57.12 µg L^-1) in irrigation water at the entrance of rice sites. However, higher arsenic contamination in irrigation water was due to sugar industry waste (37.2 µg L^-1) and lowest due to city waste of Badin (14.62 µg L^-1). The data indicated that mean total arsenic concentration from irrigation water would load 0.12 and 0.14 mg kg^-1 of arsenic annually in soils on the basis of net 1000 and 1300 mm a^-1 water application to rice, respectively. The results clearly indicated that waste added from different sources may aggravate the arsenic contamination of canal water and yet the accumulation in rice fields will keep on increasing. It is suggested that waste must be treated before releasing to prevent contamination of rice field.

4 illus, 2 tables, 32 ref

040977   SINGH S, SHARMA N (Chemistry and Biochemistry Dep, Chaudhary Sravan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalya, Palampur - 176 062, Himachal Pradesh, Email: sharma_neelam29@rediffmail.com) : Viral infection induced alterations in phytochemical constituents of Capsicum annum fruit. Indian J Agric Biochem 2020, 33(2), 176-9.

Capsicum annum, one of the important off-season vegetable crops of Himachal Pradesh, commonly known as Shimla Mirch or sweet pepper contains phytochemicals and bioactive compounds that play an important role in plant defence responses. In order to assess the effect of viral diseases on phytochemical constituents of Capsicum fruit, the diseased crop samples were collected from different locations of Himachal Pradesh. Significant variation in all studied constituents i.e. carotenoids, ascorbic acid, total phenols and flavonoids was observed in infected samples over control. The range of values observed in carotenoid, ascorbic acid, phenol and flavonoid content were 5.7-63.8 mg/100 g, 191.2-210.2 mg/100g, 20.0-37.3 mg/100g and 11.5-19.0 mg/100g, respectively.

1 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref

040962   SAKHALE B K, CHAVAN R F, GIRI N A (Chemical Technology Dep, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada Univ, Aurangabad - 431 004, Maharashtra, Email: bksakhale@gmail.com) : Effect of drying modes on quality characteristics of dehydrated green leafy vegetables. Indian J Agric Biochem 2020, 33(1), 61-6.

The present investigation was carried out for justifying the suitability of various dehydration techniques for desired quality of finished products. The commonly consumed green leafy vegetables viz. fenugreek leaves (Trigonella foenumgraecum) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) were assessed for their commercial processing potential through dehydration technology. The selected fresh green leafy vegetables were washed and subjected to steam blanching. The pretreated vegetables were then dehydrated under different drying conditions i.e. sun, shade and tray drying to safe moisture level. The dried samples were evaluated for their dehydration process features, nutritional and sensory characteristics. The data on the dehydration technology revealed that tray dried green leafy vegetables found comparatively more wholesome, palatable and reported maximum retention of nutrients like vitamin C (35-47 %), minerals (96 %), with minimum drying time (2.30-3.30 hrs) and equilibrium moisture content (6 %) as compared to rest of drying methods. The rate constant for drying of fenugreek and spinach leaves were found to be 0.0105 min^-1 and 0.0088 min^-1, respectively in tray drier. The tray drying method was found comparatively superior in retention of sensory quality parameters (color, texture and overall acceptability) over sun and at par with shade drying.

2 illus, 6 tables, 21 ref

040954   MAHANTA B, MANHOT N, DEKA M, SINGH V (Bio-Engineering and Technology Dep, Gauhati Univ, Guwahati - 781 014, Assam, Email: singhva2003@gmail.com) : Weaning foods: Various methods of preparations focusing on traditional steps. Indian J Agric Biochem 2020, 33(1), 11-9.

Cereals and legumes contribute to the major fraction of macro and micronutrients in our diet. While being loaded with phytochemicals, they also come with a considerable amount of antinutritional factors. These antinutrients interact with the proteins, vitamins and minerals, making them unavailable to the body on consumption. In most of the developing nations of the world, weaning foods are sourced from cereals or legumes that are rich in macro and micronutrients vital for the optimal growth of a developing child. On the other hand, presence of antinutritional factors such as phytates, tannins, trypsin inhibitors and lectins interfere with mineral availability and protein digestibility. Traditional processing techniques such as fermentation and malting increase the availability of nutrients by lowering the levels of antinutrients. A large number of commercially available weaning foods, though nutritionally well balanced, are expensive and unaffordable to people from weaker sections of the society. Thus, there is need for a suitable weaning formulation that is cost effective and meets the nutritional requirements at the same time. To put an end to this problem, healthful yet inexpensive weaning foods can be developed through utilization of local and economical agricultural produce with the help of traditional processing aids or practices including soaking, germination, fermentation, malting, roasting etc. The resulting composites can be a nutritionally balanced, readily available and affordable source of food for infants in the developing parts of the world. This review focuses on the efficacy of such traditional yet inexpensive technologies to improve the nutritional content of weaning foods while keeping the anti-nutrients to a minimum.

1 illus, 1 table, 84 ref

042724   MGHAIOUINI R, GRAICH A, ELAOUD A, GARMIM T, BELGHITI M E, BENZBIRIA N, HOZAYN M, MONKADE M, AND BOUARI A E (Chemistry Dep, Hassan II Univ, Casablanca, Morocco, Email: filagri1. maroc@gmail.com ) : Formulation and physico-mechanical characterization of an eco-mortar composite based on bottom ash and magnetized water. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(10), 1172 – 87.

To study the influence of electromagnetic fields on the physico-mechanical properties of the mortar (resistance to compression and bending). In the current research, the influence of the electromagnetic field in the mortar was studied experimentally by replacing the cement with 10% bottom ash provided from a thermal power plant and formulates a mortar with high resistance to compression and bending. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were further performed to confirm the obtained results. Based on the above results, it was found that the use of magnetized water offered better microstructure and mechanical resistance to compression and bending, for both normal mortar and mortar containing 10 % of bottom ash from thermal power plants. The majority of previous publications were produced on normal mortars based on cement and ordinary water, while this study was carried out on mortars with magnetized water and bottom ash. A new method was proposed for the formulation of an eco-mortar based on bottom ash obtained from thermal power plant and magnetized water. Water mortar magnetizes with bottom ash to provide several uses in the field of civil engineering which includes better recovery of industrial waste, an efficient material, and a reduction in the use of cement in the mortar.

15 illus, 5 tables, 25 ref

040951   GANJARE A V, PATWARDHAN A W (Chemical Engineering Dep, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai - 400 019, Email: aw.patwardhan@ictmumbai.edu.in ) : CFD simulations of single-phase flow in settling tanks: Comparison of turbulence models. Indian Chem Eng 2020, 62(4), 413–26.

In the present work, single-phase CFD simulations are performed to study flows in the rectangular and circular settling tank. The three-dimensional flow was studied for the predictions of the velocity profiles in the settling tank. The performance of seven different types of turbulence models, standard k-ε model, low Re k-ε models such as AKN model, CHC model and Abid Model, k-ω model, low Re k-ω model and RSM model has been evaluated for the prediction of flow fields. The CFD model is validated with previously published experimental data. The comparison of velocity profiles, turbulent kinetic energy, turbulent Reynolds number and vorticity are presented. The predictive ability of Abid model is better than other models for prediction of the flow field for both rectangular and circular settling tank. The absolute error for the velocity predictions in the case of the low Re k-ε model is around 30 % less as compared to the other models. The better prediction using the low Re k-ε models is attributed to the damping functions used in the model.

7 illus, 3 tables, 36 ref

040945   KUMAR T P, AMBICA V, CHANDRASEKHAR S, MAINKAR P S (Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry Dep, CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad - 500 007, Email: prathama@iict.res.in) : Rediscovering the discovered: The new paradigm in repurposing drugs. Indian Chem Eng 2020, 62(4), 359–66.

Drug discovery has brought new molecules for providing better cure for diseases. The process of discovering a new drug from the laboratory to market takes 12–15 years. Industries and academic institutions are exploring the database of earlier approved but kept aside drugs and identifying new use of them. Repurposing focuses on rediscovering the discovered.

3 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref

040941   GHOSH D, GUHA C (Chemical Engineering Dep, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi) : Numerical simulation of paraffin wax melting in a rectangular cavity using CFD. Indian Chem Eng 2020, 62(3), 314–28.

The study presents the numerical simulation of the melting process of phase change material, paraffin wax in a rectangular cavity using ANSYS fluent. The simulation is done for three different Stefan numbers 0.13, 0.18 and 0.28. Enthalpy porosity model and volume of fluid model is used to solve the governing equations. The presence of natural convection and sinking of the solid phase is observed in the density contours. The presence of air content in the cavity is taken into account during estimation of un-melted solid fraction in the cavity which is the novelty of this work. An empirical equation is also derived to calculate solid fraction at different times with different Stefan numbers. This type of empirical equation is proposed for the spherical cavity but not very common in a rectangular cavity. This empirical equation can be useful for designing of latent heat energy storage unit, heat exchanger using phase change material and for the study of metal casting processes. The melting process is also simulated with three different initial shapes of solid paraffin wax in the rectangular cavity. The study reveals that the melting time is not linearly proportional to the volume of paraffin wax.

11 illus, 2 tables, 28 ref