043357   GOMAA E A, DEFRAWY S M E , SAYED H N E (Chemistry Dep, Mansoura Univ, Mansoura, Egypt) : Cyclovoltammetric data for the interaction of thallous chloride with di ethyl amino ethyl cellulose (DEAEC) in HNO₃ using glassy carbon electrode. Int J Chem Sci 2020, 4(3), 06-11.

The redox behavior data for thallous chloride using 0.1M HNO3 in absence and presence of polymer di ethyl amino ethyl cellulose were evaluated cyclic voltammetrically. Cyclic voltammetry of thallous chloride (TlCl) was achieved using glassy carbon electrode and in presence of di ethyl amino ethyl cellulose (DEAEC) as natural polymer. The cyclic voltammetry and the kinetic data for the redox reactions of TlCl was studied and their values were discussed. The thermodynamic stability constants and Gibbs free energies of interaction between TlCl and DEAEC were evaluated and their values were discussed.

6 illus, 5 tables, 39 ref

043355   BAMGBOLA AA, ADEYEMI OO , OLUBOMEHIN OO , AKNILABI AK ,SOJINU OS ,IWUCHUKWU PO (Chemistry Dep, Federal Univ of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria) : A novel approach for the isolation and characterization of micro-cellulose from Caesalpinia Bonduc (L.) roxb. Hard nutshells. Int J Chem Sci 2020, 4(2), 46-53.

The industrial use of plant matter for cellulose production shortens the scarce available flora that could be employed for other wants, hence, there is need for alternative source for producing cellulose to meet industrial demands. Cellulose was produced using a modified acid hydrolysis, alkali and bleaching treatments on dewaxed Caesalpina bonduc hard nutshells (CBHNS). The micro-morphology, chemical functional groups, crystallinity and thermal stability of the resulting cellulose were characterized using the SEM, FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry and thermogravimetry. The applied treatment protocol on CBHNS resulted in a whitish rod-like micro crystalline cellulose devoid of hemicellulose and lignin, with a crystallinity index of 87.5 % in a temperature range of 240 – 470 °C. These observations show that CBHNS could be repurposed for cellulose production.

3 illus, 2 tables, 64 ref

043354   VIESCA F S, GÓMEZ R (Organic Chemistry Dep, National Autonomous Univ of Mexico, Mexico City (CDMX), Mexico) : On the mechanism of the oxido-degradation of uric acid by ferric chloride. Int J Chem Sci 2020, 4(2), 43-5.

The reaction of ferric chloride with uric acid giving ferrous ions, urea and oxalic acid, the Neubauer Reaction, has been developed in two recent spectroscopic techniques for uric acid determination. However, the reaction mechanism with uric acid has not been advanced. We provide the electron flow, step by step, from uric acid to the end products. Each step is commented, as well as other theoretical initial reaction sites. A substituted aziridinone is an interesting intermediate, and the formation of parabanic acid as precursor of the end products is in accord with experimental data.

3 illus, 25 ref

043353   GAIKWAD PS , TB T , YA G (Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth Parbhani, Maharashtra) : Effect of different chemical spray on quality of pomegranate CV. Bhagwa. Int J Chem Sci 2020, 4(2), 40-2.

The field study was carried out on the field of Horticulture (pomology) VNMKV, Parbhani. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with Ten treatments viz., T1 NAA (40 ppm) + Boron (0.3 %), T₂ NAA (40 ppm) + CaCl₂ (1.5 %), T₃ NAA (40 ppm) + ZnSO₄ (0.2 %), T₄ GA₃ (75 ppm) + Boron (0.3 %), T5 GA3 (75 ppm) + CaCl₂(1.5 %), T₆ GA₃ (75 ppm) + ZnSO₄ (0.2 %), T₇ 2,4-D (20 ppm) + Boron (0.3 %), T₈ 2,4-D (20 ppm) + CaCl₂ (1.5 %),T₉ 2,4-D (20 ppm) + ZnSO₄ (0.2 %), T10 control with three replications. The observation on quality of pomegranate fruits were superior in treatment T₄ i.e. spraying of GA₃ (75 ppm) + Boron (0.3 %) more as compared to control. Close analysis of the present investigation revealed that the foliar application of alone or in combination with plant growth regulators and chemicals were able to improve the quality characters viz, Sugars, total soluble solid, juice percentage and anthocynine of pomegranate cv. Bhagwa it helps to improve the quality and acceptability of pomegranate.

1 table, 12 ref

043352   SÁNCHEZ-VIESCA F , GÓMEZ R (Organic Chemistry Dep, National Autonomous Univ of Mexico, Mexico City (CDMX), Mexico) : On the reaction mechanism of strychnine oxidation. Int J Chem Sci 2020, 4(2), 37-9.

In the colour reactions for strychnine identification several oxidizing reagents are employed. These tests give the same succession of colours, violet-blue, purple, and then red. On standing it changes to orange. This result points out a same course of reaction and that the colours come from the tested substance, not from the employed reagents, as has been proposed recently for some tests. We looked for Organic Chemistry information about strychnine oxidation. Apart from the structure of the complex oxidation product, there is no sequence or reaction mechanism advanced. So, we provided the electron, flow, step by step, from strychnine to the oxidation product described. We employed chromic acid and reached the same final product obtained when potassium permanganate was used. This result confirmed that a unique reaction course takes place during these oxidations.

2 illus, 25 ref

043351   PATHAK M , PATHAK R (Chemistry Dep, Pachhunga Univ Coll, Aizawl, Mizoram) : Thermochemical studies of crystalline tris (acetylacetonato) manganese (III) [Mn(C₅H₇O₂)₃(c)] compound through calorimetry. Int J Chem Sci 2020, 4(2), 35-6.

The present work gives an account of the thermochemical studies of crystalline tris (acetylacetonato) manganese (III) compound. The heat of combustion (Δ_cH) and thereby standard heat of formation (Δ_fH ° ) of crystalline tris (acetylacetonato) manganese (III) [Mn(C₅H₇O₂)₃(c)] has been measured experimentally with the help of static oxygen bomb calorimeter at 298 K and the values so obtained for Δ_cH and the Δ_fH ° have been compared with those available in literature to judge the efficacy of the present process. The values for Δ_cH and Δ_fH ° in the solid phase have been experimentally found to be - 8047∙371 k J mol^-1 and - 1341∙46 ± 15 kJ mol^-1 respectively.

1 table, 21 ref

043350   MASKAR P T , GHORPADE S B (Chemistry Dep, B.K. Birla Coll of Arts, Kalyan, Maharashtra) : Role of transition metal nanoceramics in rubber degradation. Int J Chem Sci 2020, 4(2), 32-4.

Plasticizer used in rubber processing. Plasticizers increase the plasticity of plastic. Fuel oil itself acts as a plasticizer. It was observed there was huge loss of plasticizer during storage and transport. To prevent this difficulty or in order to increase the life of plasticizer, transition metal ceramics were added in it. Nanoeramics were prepared by combustion method in which oxalic acid is fuel and nitrate salts of metal were self-oxidizing agents. It was notified that flash point of plasticizer increased significantly and viscosity of oil little decreased. Thermal stability, storage and transport quality of plasticizer was improved due to incorporation of transition metal ceramics in plasticizer. As a result thermal stability of rubber enhanced. Loss of rubber due to high temperature was prevented, hence degradation reduced. It was found that plasticizer (fuel oil) recovered after pyrolysis process and by products was minimized due to the nanoceramic powder.

7 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

043349   YENOR G K, SMO A (Federal Univ of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria) : Determination of physico-chemical soil quality around yorla oil field area in rivers state, Nigeria. Int J Chem Sci 2020, 4(2), 23-31.

Post-remediation status of soil around Yorla oilfield in Kpean community of Rivers State was assessed. A total of 4 soil samples were obtained from four different locations at a depth of 0-20cm using soil auger. Results showed the following levels: N, P, K (0.17 0.01) %, (22.83 1.23) mg/kg, and (32.03 1.82)mg/kg respectively; TPH (607.98 432.06) mg/kg, TOM (2.02 0.16) %, TOC (1.16 0.09) %, Temperature (25.60 0.17)0C, Electrical Conductivity (47.93 1.57) μS/cm and pH (5.99 0.20). The mean concentrations of the heavy metals were Cd (0.03 0.01)mg/kg, Pb (0.40 0.16) mg/kg, Cr (6.18 1.43) mg/kg, Zn (2.91 0.01)mg/kg, V (0.90 0.04)mg/kg, Ni (0.07 0.01)mg/kg and As (0.11 0.03)mg/kg. The principal component analysis showed that principal components 1, 2, 3, were highly correlated with Pb, TPH and soil Temperature respectively. The levels of the quality parameters differed significantly between the control and sampling stations A (sig.F = 0.000), B (sig.F= 0.002) and C (sig.F=0.000) at P <0.05. The soil was moderately acidic and had lower TOC values in the oil impacted soil. Result obtained revealed that the concentration of heavy metals were within the recommended limits by Environmental Guidelines And Standards for the Petroleum Industry In Nigeria (EGASPIN). The observation of this study indicated that the remediation carried out at the oil-spill site was poorly executed and it is recommended that proper treatment of the soil should be carried out so that it could be used for the intended purpose by the community.

5 illus, 5 tables, 17 ref

043348   JERMOUNI C, NOHAIR M (Hassan II Univ of Casablanca, Morocco) : Quantitative structure-property relationship study of water solubility for aliphatic alcohols based on a new model combined modified autocorrelation method and electro-topological indices. Int J Chem Sci 2020, 4(2), 16-22.

In this study, structure water solubility modeling was performed to describe a set of 50 of aliphatic alcohols in a Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship model by developing two descriptors types based on multifunctional autocorrelation method and electro-topological descriptors. The Modified Autocorrelation Method was used to describe the local environment of the hydroxyl group. Multiple Linear Regression, Artificial Neural Networks and Principal Components Analysis were analyzed the alcohols series. The efficiency approach was evaluated through the predictive ability of models by leave-p-Out crossvalidation method. The molecules were coded by means of SMILES system and stored as input files. The results showed that aliphatic alcohols solubility is dominated by the shape and molecule branching, also the electro-topological descriptors had a considered model effect.

3 illus, 2 tables, 29 ref

043347   ATUMO S , ATLABACHEW M (Chemistry Dep, Bonga Univ, Bonga, Ethiopia) : Determination of the levels of aflatoxin contents in peanut and peanut products. Int J Chem Sci 2020, 4(2), 08-15.

Peanut are commonly consumed in all age groups and can be used directly roasting grain, chocolate coated, paste and candy. However, the products are easily exposure for different moulds growth and productions of aflatoxins. Therefore, the aim of this study was determination of aflatoxin contents in peanut and peanut product samples. For the present investigation, four raw peanut samples were collected from (Shebe, Gutin, Selamber and Bako Gazer) and six peanut product samples were collected from local markets. The aflatoxins were extracted using (AOAC, 2005) method with a mixture methanol and distilled water (80:20) as a solvent of choice for extraction. High performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence light detector (HPLC-FLD) was used for determination of aflatoxins (AFB₁, AFB₂, AFG₁, and AFG₂) from samples. The result showed that the concentration of the most toxic strain (AFB₁) and the total concentration of aflatoxin for the four peanut samples were in the range from 0.18 to 65.67µg/kg and 0.416 to 185.2 µg/kg respectively. Similarly, from the total six selected peanut product samples aflatoxin contamination were observed in the two locally produced peanut butter samples and concentration of (AFB1) and total concentration of aflatoxin for the two local peanut butter samples (LPPBH and LPPBT) were (16.94 and 18.8) µg/kg and (49.202 and 41.273) µg/kg respectively. Overall, in the present investigations two of raw peanut and two of peanut product samples were contaminated with aflatoxin and the result was exceeded than permissible limits that recommended by United State, Food and Drug Administration and European Commission.

5 illus, 5 tables, 30 ref

043346   SULASTRI L , SIMANJUNTAK P, SUMARYONO W , SYAMSUDIN (Pancasila Univ, Jakarta, Indonesia) : Prediction of toxicity and inhibition activities of a-glucosidase enzyme of the chemical compounds isolated from Indonesian medicinal plants using molegro virtual docking. Int J Chem Sci 2020, 4(2), 01-7.

Diabetes mellitus tipe 2 disebabkan oleh hormon insulin yang tidak mencukupi atau tidak efektif sehingga tidak dapat bekerja secara normal. Enzim a-glukosidase bekerja pada dinding usus halus, dimana enzim a-glukosidase akan memecah oligosakarida, atau polisakarida menjadi glukosa yang dapat diserap oleh usus halus sehingga terjadi peningkatan kadar glukosa dalam darah. Tumbuhan obat Indonesia diketahui banyak mengandung senyawa kimia aktif yang mampu menurunkan kadar glukosa dalam darah seperti daun teh (Camellia sinensis), daun yakon (Smallanthus sonchifolius), Daun stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) dan daun salam (Syzigium polyanthum). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memprediksi senyawa kimia dalam tumbuhan obat Indonesia yang berkhasiat sebagai antidiabetes secara in silico dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak Molegro Virtual Docking. Docking dilakukan terhadap 8 (delapan) senyawa kimia yang terdapat dalam tumbuhan obat Indonesia. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa senyawa theaflavin memberikan nilai reranke score (RS) paling rendah di reseptor - glukosidase dengan nilai – 104,03 kkal/mol, sedangkan nilai RE akarbose – 74,51 kkal/mol dan miglitol – 73,32 kkal/mol.

2 illus, 4 tables, 17 ref

043345   ISA R, SUDI I Y , AHMED M U (Biochemistry Dep, Adamawa State Univ, Adamawa State, Nigeria) : Effect of local Arachis hypogaea oil on physicochemical properties of fried Ipomoea batatas. Int J Chem Sci 2020, 4(1), 42-5.

Sweet potatoes and local peanut oils are the nutritional and sensory versatility in terms of its micronutrient contents. This study was carried out to investigate the physicochemical properties of sweet potato fried with three selected peanut oils. Oils were extracted from three varieties of peanut namely; kampala, sabiya and gargajiya. The physicochemical properties of the extracted oil, as well as that of the fried potatoes were carried out using standard AOAC procedures. The acid value for kampala, sabiya and gargajiya were 15.21 ± 0.04 mgKOH/g, 6.77 ± 0.30 mgKOH/g and 1.66 ± 0.07 mgKOH/g respectively while the perioxide value were 7.36 mEq/kg, 10.70 mEq/kg and 8.77 mEq/kg respectively. The fat content of the sweet potato fried with kampala, sabiya and gargajiya oils were 27.3 %, 27.6 % and 28.3 % while the fiber content were 1.05 %, 1.15 % and 1.18 % and protein content were 0.55 %, 0.65 and 0.55 %, the moisture content were 30.6 %, 22.1 % and 18.9 %, ash content were 1.18 %, 1.24 % and 1.47 % and carbohydrate content were 66.5 %, 74.0 % and 77.8 % for kampala, sabiya and gargajiya respectively. All results revealed significant difference (p<0.05) between kampala, sabiya and gargajiya. The study showed that oil from gargajiya nut are more preferable for frying sweet potato because it had less adverse effect except for the moisture content which was low while kampala had more adverse effect because it reduced all the nutritional content except the moisture followed by the sabiya nut.

3 tables, 13 ref

043344   KASHYAP R, KASHYAP A , SHARMA DK (Chemistry Dep, Govt. Coll, Solan, Himachal Pradesh) : Pulse polarographic determination of benomyl fungicide in relation to its soil adsorption study. Int J Chem Sci 2020, 4(1), 36-41.

A differential pulse polarographic method for the determination of benomyl has been developed and which has been validated for soil adsorption study of this fungicide on four Indian soils of different characteristics. The method is based on the microwave assisted alkaline hydrolysis of the fungicide with sodium bicarbonate to carbendazim and n-butylamine, the letter upon reaction with carbon disulphide form n-butyldithiocarbamate which upon reaction with copper (II) perchlorate results into copper (III) dithiocarbamate complex which exhibit an analytical useful diffusion controlled peak at -94 mV (vs. SCE). Benomyl has been determined in the linearity range 1.45-14.56 μg mL^-1 . The adsorption studies of this fungicide on four soils has been explained by using Freundlich’s adsorption equation and the adsorption isotherms obtained are of L-type of Gile’s classification. The high values of K_f, K_d and K_oc indicate that benomyl is strongly adsorbed on to soils which inhibits its penetration into water bodies. This is further substantiated by the Groundwater Ubiquity Score (GUS) which is in the range 0.30-0.37, classifying it as a non-leacher pesticide.

3 illus, 3 tables, 38 ref

043343   BANJARE R K , BANJARE M K , MUNDEJA P , GHOSH K K (Pt. Ravishankar Shukla Univ, Raipur, Chhattisgarh) : Interfacial and thermodynamic approach of surfactants with α-chymotrypsin and trypsin: A comparative study. Int J Chem Sci 2020, 4(1), 32-5.

The conductivity as well as surface tension measurements have carried out to study the interactions among cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium dodecyl sulpahe (SDS) with α-chymotrypsin (α-CT) and trypsin in aqueous medium on pH 7.75. The surface parameter i.e., critical micelle concentrations (CMC), the maximum surface excess concentration (Γ_max), minimum area per surfactant molecule (A_min) and the surface pressure at CMC (π_cmc), and thermodynamic parameters i.e., degree of ionization (α), Gibbs free energy of micellization (ΔG °_m), the standard Gibbs energy of adsorption (ΔG°_ads), the free energy at air-water interface (ΔGs _mim) have been evaluated using surface tension and conductivity measurement. Thermodynamic parameters indicate that enzyme-CTAB/SDS monomeric aggregation started to form micelles at a higher concentration of surfactant to compare with the CMC of pure CTAB/SDS micelles.

3 illus, 2 tables, 24 ref

043342   KHOLMATOV D , TOSHMATOV Y , ALISHER N , OYBEK A (Chemistry Dep, Namangan State Univ, Namangan, st. Uychi 316, Uzbekistan) : Complex compounds of magnesium stearate with thiocarbamide. Int J Chem Sci 2020, 4(1), 28-31.

The homogeneous complex compounds of magnesium stearate with thiocarbamide were synthesized. The composition, individuality, methods of coordination of the stearate thiocarbamide molecule, fragments of complex compounds are established, the thermal behavior of the new compounds is studied.

6 tables, 15 ref

043339   TU L T N, TRANG T N Q, THU V T H (Dong Thap Univ, Vietnam) : The change of phase states in situ of the charge carriers toward the high H₂ performance of Cu₂O/TiO₂ nanocomposite via p-n heterojunction. Int J Chem Sci 2020, 4(1), 09-16.

The charge carriers in the heterojunction structure are playing a significant role in the photocatalytic toward hydrogen evolution reaction. Herein, we focus on analyzing the change of the influence of annealing treatment upon the structural properties and the photocatalytic hydrogen performance of Cu₂O/TiO₂ heterojunction structure. Our results show that the efficiency and the rate of photocatalytic hydrogen generation over the Cu₂O/TiO₂ samples were found to be higher than TiO₂ owing to the occurrence of the charge carrier transport via p-n heterojunction between Cu₂O and TiO₂ that can be suppressed the recombination rate of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Moreover, after being annealed the various temperatures from 300$°$C-700$°$C, the obtained H2 evolution of Cu-based photocatalyst significantly affected due to the presence of transition phase from anatase to rutile in the crystal structure, leading to the change the redox potential in heterojunction. It is noticed that the highest hydrogen of the CuO/TiO₂-500 photocatalyst with an apparent quantum yield of about 10.8 % was obtained compared with others under the same conditions. These results will provide insight for clean energy evolution in the future based on the p-n heterojunction structure.

9 illus, 1 table, 29 ref

041542   ALI A, JAMEEL M, ALI M (Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Dep, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi - 110 062, Email: maliphyto@gmail.com) : New naphthyl substituted phytosterol and lanostane type-triterpenic esters from the stem bark of Ficus religiosa L.. Indian J Pharm Edu Res 2020, 54(3), 750-4.

Ficus religiosa L. (Moraceae) is considered as a holy tree in most of the part of south-eastern Asia. Traditionally, its bark is used in the treatment of burns, diarrhoea, dysentery, gastrohelcosis and gonorrhoea, glandular swellings of the neck, scabies, piles, urogenital disorders, anxiety, vomiting, skin diseases and prescribed to improve the skin complexion. The methanol extract of stem bark of F. religiosa was obtained by continuous hot extraction process. Isolation of phytoconstituents was done by silica gel column chromatography. Analytical thin layer chromatography was used to check the homogeneity of eluted fractions. The structures of isolated compounds were established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR, FT-IR, UV and MS data and chemical means. Phytochemical investigation of the methanol extract of F. religiosa stem bark led to the isolation of a new naphthyl substituted phytosterol characterized as naphthyl-1ʹ,3ʹ-diol-1ʹ-3β-sitosteryl-3ʹ-linoleinate (1) and a new lanostane type-triterpenic ester elucidated as lanostan-19-oic acid-3β-olyl-oleate (2). The present work has enhanced the phytochemical profile of F. religiosa. Compound 1 and 2 have been isolated for the first time from this plant and might be used as chromatographic markers for the quality control analysis of its marketed herbal formulations.

1 illus, 26 ref

041525   CHHAJED S S, RAJDERKAR Y R, TAJANPURE A B, SANGSHETTI J N, MAHAPATRA D K, KSHIRSAGAR S J (Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dep, MET’s Institute of Pharmacy, Nashik - 422 003, Maharashtra, Email: chhajedss@gmail.com) : Solvent drop grinding approach assisted development of glimepiride co-crystals: Solubility enhancement journey of BCS class-ii product. Indian J Pharm Edu Res 2020, 54(3), 602-9.

Glimepiride has limited aqueous solubility and majorly suffers from bioavailability issues that eventually reduce the pharmacotherapeutic potentials of the moiety. For the possible augmentation of all the crucial factors, co-crystals were developed using a Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) co-former (caffeine) in the presence of few drops of solvent (acetone) by employing a very simple green approach (solvent drop grinding method). The pharmacokinetic study of the cocrystals was performed in Wistar albino rats, the data was compared with free drug form and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined. The fabricated co-crystal product was comprehensively characterized through sophisticated analytical techniques that ascertained the complete product formation. The formation of the glimepiride crystal with the co-former was confirmed through FTIR, DSC, XRD and SEM. From the pharmacokinetic study in rats, the procured data expressed several-folds higher plasma drug concentration which can be correlated with increased bioavailability of glimepiride. This study will positively inspire researchers working in the field of solubility/ bioavailability enhancement due to the simplicity of the method, green approach and positive results which will open several future avenues of drug applications.

8 illus, 1 table, 25 ref

041510   MASLARSKA V, AMERIKOVA M, PENCHEVA I, BOZHANOV S (Chemistry Dep, Medical Univ-Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria, Email: vmaslarska@mail.bg) : HPLC method for determination of the chemical stability of antimicrobial peptide α-defensin 2. Indian J Pharm Edu Res 2020, 54(2), 465-70.

The aim of this research study was to develop a simple, rapid, precise, accurate and economical RP-HPLC method, with a simple mobile phase for the identification and determination of the antimicrobial peptide α-defensin-2. Separation was carried out at 25°C, using column Luna 5U (C₁₈, 250x4.6, 5 μm) with mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile: water (40: 60 v/v). The detector was set at 210 nm. The flow rate was 1.2 ml/min and injection volume was 20 μl. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines and the kinetic behavior of α-defensin 2 was studied in respect of different pH. The obtained data can serve for creating an in vivo monitoring program and quality control for different studies and preparations.

2 illus, 3 tables, 38 ref

041508   RAFIQ A, GUL S, AJAZ A, FATIMA S, MIRZA A Z (Umm Al Qura Univ Makkah, Mecca, Saudi Arabia, Email: dr.zeeshan80@gmail.com) : Quantitative analysis of pantoprazole sodium sesquihydrate in bulk and solid dosage form via UV-spectrophotometric method. Indian J Pharm Edu Res 2020, 54(2), 448-55.

Pantoprazole sodium sesquihydrate, is a proton pump inhibitor, was analyzed by using UV spectrophotometry. The quantification of pantoprazole sodium sesquihydrate in distilled water was performed in the wavelength range of 290 nm at 20 µgmL^-1. The linearity range is 5-35 μgmL^-1 by using UV spectrophotometry. The developed method was applied directly and easily to the analysis of the pantoprazole sodium sesquihydrate in bulk and pharmaceutical tablet preparations. The developed method was completely validated according to ICH guidelines. The accuracy of the developed method was calculated in terms of percentage recovery (99.20-101.21 %) and %RSD values less than 1 % were found in precision. The LOD and LOQ were 0.989 and 1.954 µgmL-1, respectively. Because of simplicity, accuracy and cost-effectiveness, this validated method is helpful for a daily laboratory analysis of pantoprazole sodium sesquihydrate.

6 illus, 6 tables, 18 ref

041506   CHHAJED S S, GUPTA P P, KSHIRSAGAR S, TOMAR S, MAHAPATRA D K, SUNDARARAJAN R (Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dep, Institute of Pharmacy, Nashik - 422 003, Maharashtra, Email: santosh_chhajed@rediffmail.com) : N-(2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)Phenyl)-2- (Substituted-styryl)aniline as anti-proliferative agents: Rejuvenating the importance of low molecular weight ligands in oncotherapeutics. Indian J Pharm Edu Res 2020, 54(2), 432-9.

The rationale behind the study involved that in individuality benzimidazolebased molecules demonstrates significant anti-proliferative activity; chalcone molecules like xanthohumol are known to express noteworthy anti-cancer activity; benzamide derived products show remarkable inhibition of HDAC (an emerging anti-proliferative target) and styrene-based compounds possesses notable anti-tumor activity. In this research, an attempt was made to synthesize and characterize a series of hybridized molecules of the prototype (E)-N-(2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl) phenyl)-2-(substituted-styryl)aniline which comprises of a benzimidazole function; along with a chalcone (or styryl) moiety linked by a benzamide. The study involved screening of the novel derivatives against non-small cell lung cancer cell line (H460; ATCC: HTB177) and human colorectal cancer cell line (HCT116; ATCC: CCL-247) using Propidium Iodide assay. In silico docking study was also performed against protein tyrosine kinase (PDB ID: 2J5F) to determine the probable mechanism of action of the novel compounds. The study reflected the profound role and positions of substitution on the phenyl moiety of the benzimidazole system. The compound DSTYR4 displayed most potent antiproliferative activity with IC₅₀ values of 2.98 μM against HCT116 cell line and 5.15 μM against H460 cell line. The research fruitfully rejuvenates the potentials and importance of small molecular weight ligands for experimental oncology.

3 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref

041497   JENA G K,PATRA C N, DIXIT P K (Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Berhampur - 760 010, Odisha, Email: goutam2902@gmail.com) : Cytotoxicity and pharmacokinetic studies of PLGA based capecitabine loaded nanoparticles. Indian J Pharm Edu Res 2020, 54(2), 349-56.

Colorectal cancer ranked fourth as devastating cancer globally based on statistical death analysis. The major challenge for treating colorectal cancer is to target the drug to the specific site of the colon. The main objective of the present research was to develop PLGA based nanoparticles to target and sustain the drug release at the colon for effective treatment of colorectal cancer. The significance of using Eudragit S100 was to prevent drug release in the stomach and small intestine whereas the significance of PLGA is to sustain drug release by its mucoadhesion property. Nanoparticles were prepared by modified nanoprecipitation method and the cytotoxicity study was performed by MTT assay. From the cytotoxicity study it was found that Capecitabine loaded PLGA based nanoparticles had more capacity to inhibit HT 29 cell lines than that of the pure drug for all concentrations (10 to 0.0001). Pharmacokinetic (PK) study for the aqueous suspension of Capecitabine and optimized formulation ratified the results of in vitro study. The Area under the curve (AUC) for nanoparticles formulation was found to be twice more than the pure drug indicating better bioavailability. The PLGA based nanoparticles can be better targeted to colon for effective treatment of colorectal cancer.

9 illus, 3 tables, 21 ref

041478   JAIN S, SAHU P L, RAJ S, SHRIVASTAVA A, MAURYA A K, TONK R K, SAHU K (Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports (MYAS), New Delhi - 110 003, Email: kapendra_sahu@yahoo.com) : Method development and validation for detection of procaterol in human urine using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Indian J Pharm Edu Res 2020, 54(1), 150-4.

A simple, sensitive and accurate method for the determination of procaterol in human urine was developed and validated using Gas Chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) as per the requirements of World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and ICH guidelines. The sample processing includes deconjugation with enzymatic hydrolysis, Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) procedure using XAD2 column and Liquid-liquid Extraction (LLE) followed by the derivatisation using N-methyl trimethylsilysl trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA). The method included a chromatographic run of 17 min and the calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 5-40 ng/mL with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.98. The intra- and inter-day assay precision ranged from 0.75 to 0.94 % and 1.2 to 1.70 %, respectively. The absolute recovery percentage for procaterol was found to be 83 %. The recovery was sufficient to reliable identify the procaterol at or below the level prescribed by WADA ie MRPL 20ng/ ml. The LOQ and LOD was found to be 5 and 3 ng/ml respectively. A simple and sensitive GC-MS/MS method for quantitative estimation of Procaterol was developed and validated as per the WADA ISL and ICH guidelines. This developed method could be also used for therapeutic drug monitoring purposes.

2 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

041473   PAWAR S, KHAIRNAR S, PATIL V, BHAMBAR R (Pharmacy Coll, Nashik, Maharashtra, Email: shpawar2009@gmail.com) : Effect of vanillic acid on nerve conduction velocity in chronic constriction injury model of neuropathy. Indian J Pharm Edu Res 2020, 54(1), 108-13.

Neuropathic Pain (NP) is less or symptomatically managed by presently available therapeutics. Therefore developing more effective drugs with minimum adverse effects is essential. Vanillic acid is phenolic secondary plant metabolite. Extensive research regarding phenolic acids with antioxidant, free radical scavenging and neuroprotective roles have been published. The aim of this undertaken study was to evaluate the efficacy of vanillic acid (V.A.) to improve nerve conduction velocity in neuropathic pain induced by CCI (chronic constriction injury) and to evaluate its antioxidant potential. Rats were divided into 7 groups (n=6), as negative control, positive control (CCI), sham control, CCI+gabapentin (300 mg/kg, p.o.), V.A. (25 mg/kg, p.o.), V.A. (50 mg/kg, p.o.) and V.A. (100 mg/kg, p.o.). After surgery oxytetracycline (25 mg/kg, i.m.) was administered in animals to avoid any infection. Vanillic acid and gabapentin administered post-surgery from day 4^th till 28^th day. Velocity of nerve conduction and antioxidant and histopathological studies were conducted on 28^th day. Repeated oral administration of vanillic acid (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg) significantly improved MNCV. V.A. showed antioxidant property by significantly elevating level of GSH and also reversed histopathological changes induced by CCI. This study has suggested antioxidant and neuroprotective effect of vanillic acid in CCI induced peripheral neuropathy.

3 illus, 32 ref

041469   SIVADASU P, GOWDA D V, SUBRAMANI N K, VISHWESHWARAIAH B M, SHIVANNA S, HATNA S (Pharmaceutics Dep, JSS Coll of Pharmacy, Mysuru, Karnataka, Email: dvgowda@jssuni.edu.in) : Direct brain targeted nanostructured lipid carriers for sustained release of schizophrenic drug: Formulation, characterization and pharmacokinetic studies. Indian J Pharm Edu Res 2020, 54(1), 73-84.

Systemic drug delivery in schizophrenia is a major challenge, owing to the Blood-brain Barrier (BBB) and P-glycoprotein related effects. Consequently, herein an attempt is made to systemically deliver the most desirable schizophrenia drug, Quetiapine Fumarate (QF) via non-invasive intranasal route using Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) approach. The desired QF loaded NLCs were developed using central composite statistical design and the developed formulations were monitored for improving QF bioavailability and their brain targeting efficacies. The optimized formulation displayed a 2-fold increase (compared to virgin QF) in ex-vivo nasal diffusion at the 6^th hr, with no sign of structural damage (upon histopathological examinations). While, QF blood-brain ratio showed 10-fold increase for NLCs administered through nasal route (in comparison to intravenous route), thereby supporting prolonged retention of QF at the site of action. Similarly, the concentration of QF (in the brain) delivered via nasal route exhibited 4-fold increment at all-time points thereby supporting a potential nose to brain transport and effective bypassing of BBB. The results obtained infers that non-invasive intranasal route can be used as a potential alternative to conventional treatment options towards efficient management of schizophrenia.

11 illus, 6 tables, 44 ref

041468   NANDI S, MISHRA S A, SAHOO R N, SWAIN R, MALLICK S (Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be Univ), Bhubaneswar - 751 003, Odisha, Email: profsmallick@gmail.com) : Quantitative estimation of tabletability of aceclofenac after incorporation of titanium dioxide using area under the curve. Indian J Pharm Edu Res 2020, 54(1), 68-72.

Tablet manufacturing with direct compression is one of the leading industrial technique that consumes less time, labour and economic also. But the choice of excipients are critical in this case which will allow the drug to get compressed without granulation techniques. Aceclofenac is a BCS class II non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which exerts a low oral bioavailability because of low solubility in aqueous medium. The drug also suffers from compressibility and also shows poor tabletibility. We have attempted to improve tabletability by incorporating titanium dioxide (TiO₂) through kneading and solvent evaporation technique. In the FTIR study revealed that NH and Cl aromatic stretching of aceclofenac has been affected significantly due to binding with TiO₂. DSC thermogram ascertained the partial amorphization of the drug in the formulations. Evaluated tabletability from the area under the applied pressure vs tensile strength curve (AUTC) of A1T1 has shown a poor value in contrast to other formulations.

4 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

041466   SREEHARSHA N,HIREMATH J G, SARUDKAR S, ATTIMARAD M, AL-DHUBIAB B, NAIR A B, VENUGOPALA K N, ASIF A H (Pharmaceutical Sciences Dep, King Faisal Univ, Al-Ahsa-31982, Saudi Arabia, Email: sharsha@kfu.edu.sa) : Spray dried amorphous form of simvastatin: Preparation and evaluation of the buccal tablet. Indian J Pharm Edu Res 2020, 54(1), 46-54.

The success of a drug primarily depends on its bioavailability. By enhancing the solubility and dissolution properties of drugs that are scarcely water soluble, significantly improves their bioavailability. This study was aimed to prepare a solid dispersion of the drug simvastatin that is a poorly water-soluble drug, through the spray drying technique. Solid dispersion carrier PVP, adsorbent Aerosil 200 and solvent dichloromethane were used to prepare solid dispersion. The pure simvastatin, solid dispersion and physical mixture were analyzed using FTIR, XRD and DSC studies. IR studies confirmed the possibility of hydrogen bonding in solid dispersion. XRD and DSC studies revealed that the amorphous form of simvastatin was present in the solid dispersion. The spray dried form of simvastatin was formulated into a buccal tablet by using carbopol 934 and HPMC K4M as mucoadhesive polymers. The drug release from buccal tablets indicated that improvement in solubility, the rate of dissolution of poorly water-soluble drug simvastatin. The study shows that the tremendous potential of solid dispersions of simvastatin by using spray drying technique.

4 illus, 4 tables, 22 ref

041465   MASTIHOLIMATH V S, VALERIE C T W, MANNUR V S, DANDAGI P M, GADAD A P, KHANAL P (Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Dep, KLE Coll of Pharmacy, Belagavi - 590 010, Karnataka, Email: mastiholimath@rediffmail.com) : Formulation and evaluation of solid lipid nanoparticle containing silver sulfadiazine for second and third degree burn wounds and its suitable analytical method development and validation. Indian J Pharm Edu Res 2020, 54(1), 31-45.

The main aim of this research work was to formulate, characterize and evaluate solid lipid nanoparticles containing Silver sulfadiazine. Solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared by hot homogenisation technique using Glycerol distearate, Tween 80 and Millipore water. These nanoparticles were then incorporated into a gel using Carbopol and trietnanolamine Optimised formulation was chosen according to its particle size, as it was for topical use. Various different evaluation parameters like viscosity, spreadability, drug content, pH were carried out. The in vitro drug release study was performed for 12hrs and the optimised formulation (F4) gave best results. Antimicrobial studies all four formulation carried out and F4 gave better results than the other formulations. The gel drug content was analysed by HPTLC. All the physical parameters were in acceptable limit of pharmacopoeial specifications. A simple, precise, accurate and high performance thin layer chromatographic method was developed for estimation of Silver Sulfadiazine (SSD) which was prepared as a dosage form. The separation was performed out on Merck HPTLC aluminium plates of silica gel G60 F₂₅₄, (20 x 10cm) with 250µm thickness using n-propanol:25 % ammonia (7:3v/v) as mobile phase the wavelength was found to 266nm the drug resolved satisfactorily with R_f 0.451. The calibration plot gave good linear relationship with R² value of 0.9988 in the concentration range of 0.2 to 1.2µg/ml for SSD.

28 illus, 14 tables, 11 ref

041378   RAJA A S M, ARPUTHARAJ A, SENTHILKUMAR T, SAXENA S, PATIL P G (Chemical and Biochemical Processing Div, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Matunga, Mumbai - 400 019, Email: asmraja16475@gmail.com) : Dyeing of cotton with reactive dyes using pre-treated sea water. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2020, 45(3), 319-25.

The present study explores the use of sea water as dyeing medium for cotton textiles with reactive dyes. Sea water has been pre-treated with calcium oxide/sodium carbonate to remove calcium and magnesium ions. The findings show that the addition of 20 g/L of sodium chloride is required to increase the exhaustion of dye in pre-treated sea water instead of 60 g/L of sodium chloride as required in conventional dyeing method. SEM , KESF and EDAX analyses show no significant difference on the surface of pre-treated sea water dyed and conventional dyed fabrics. It is also found that there is no significant difference in the wash and light fastness properties between pre-treated sea water dyed fabrics and conventional dyed fabrics. The developed process is in the direction of addressing sustainability issues of textile processing industries.

1 illus, 6 tables, 9 ref

041366   CHAUHAN V K, SINGH B, SINGH J P (Uttar Pradesh Textile Technology Institute, Kanpur - 208 001, Email: vinaychauhan287@yahoo.com) : Synthesis and study of electrical properties of polyaniline and polyester nanocomposite. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2020, 45(2), 215-9.

In this study, pure polyaniline (PANI) and PANI/polyester nanocomposites (wt % 10, 20 and 30) of thickness 10 mm have been synthesized by co-precipitation method to investigate their electrical properties. Pure PANI and its composites are then characterized using SEM, FTIR, DSC, I-V Hall and dielectric techniques. From SEM, it is observed that the particles are spherical and lying in range of micron order. To find out the nature of chemical bonds, FTIR analysis and thermal characterization (DSC) are performed. From the I-V curve, the calculated values of conductance of prepared pure PANI and PANI/PET (wt % 10, 20 and 30 nanocomposite) are obtained as 3.78×10^-7, 9.7933×10^-7, 9.584×10^-8 and 9.882×10^-9 ohm^-1 respectively. From Hall measurement, electrical conductivity of pure PANI and PANI/PET (wt % 10, 20 and 30) nanocomposite is found 49.26 ×10^-6, 13.82 ×10^-6, 40.6 ×10^-7 and 18.761 ×10^-7 Ω^-1cm^-1 respectively. Dielectric study of PANI/PET reveals downturn in the dielectric constant value with increased frequency. The electrical resistivity of the PANI/PET nanocomposite shows high anti-static efficiency.

6 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

041347   PERIYASAMY S, BALAJI J (Textile Technology Dep, PSG Coll of Technology, Coimbatore - 641 004, Email: spsiit@gmail.com) : Analysis of impact energy absorption of kevlar and polyester composite impregnated with corn starch shear thickening fluid. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2020, 45(1), 80-9.

Kevlar and polyester (PET) composite structures have been developed through layering by impregnation with optimized corn starch shear thickening fluid (CS−STF), prepared using corn starch (CS) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). Corn starch has been characterized for particle size and distribution through dynamic light scattering. The CS and PEG ratio (40:60, 46:54, 52:48 and 58:42) has been studied through fluidity and shear thickening measurements using in-house funnel collector and electro-mechanical shearing stirrer through ampere measurement studies respectively. Based on the established impact energy calibration curve and energy calculations, the impact energy absorption of CS−STF impregnated fibre composites have been studied. The order of layering of the STF in impregnated textile structures has been systematically studied for effective impact energy absorption. Shearing studies reveal that at and above shearing time of 3000 µs, shear thickening is found to be prominent for the optimum CS: PEG ratio of 52: 48. Similar trend is also observed in the impact energy absorption studies of textile structures impregnated with the CS−STF. One layer of kevlar woven fabric followed by one or more layers of PET nonwovens with CS−STF show good performance in impact energy absorption. Similar trend is also observed in 6, 5 and 4 kevlar layering. It is observed that the presence of more than one layer of kevlar on the top of the nonwovens in the composite does not contribute; rather it decreases the energy absorption. The treated structures show 100 % antimicrobial activity by AATCC 100 method and they do not develop smell, while the untreated samples develop microbes with intense smell.

5 illus, 4 tables, 19 ref

041346   GADKARI R, KUMAR B, ALI W, DAS A, ALAGIRUSAMY R (Textile & Fibre Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi - 110 016, Email: bipin@iitd.ac.in) : Water filtration using nonwoven cartridge filter system. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2020, 45(1), 72-9.

A cartridge based fibrous filtration system has been designed and investigated. For the fibrous medium, needle-punch nonwoven structure has been selected and different nonwoven samples are analysed for the water purification. A series of different needle-punched nonwovens made of polypropylene have been produced by changing mass per unit area, needling density and fibre linear density. A chemical oxygen demand test has been employed to obtain the filtration efficiency (FE). The FE obtained for these samples ranges from 8.84 % to 78.04 % in purifying the reference water (mud water). It has been found that the FE increases with increase in mass per unit area and needling density (p < 0.01). Also, the filter media made of finer fibres displays higher FE than coarser fibre (p < 0.01). On examining the filter performance in multiple filtration cycles, it is found that the FE increases initially and finally reaches to a saturation value. A good correlation (r² > 0.95) has been found for the FE of each cycle with the air permeability, thickness and weight density of the loaded filter. The FE of the bare nonwoven (maximum FE) further improves (95 %) by incorporating activated particles.

5 illus, 7 tables, 17 ref

041345   KILIC E, BAYRAMGIL N P (Chemistry Dep, Hacettepe Univ, Ankara, Turkey, Email: nursel@hacettepe.edu.tr) : Effects of some acids, bases and salts on the morphology of polyurethane nanofibres. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2020, 45(1), 65-71.

The polyurethane nanofibres have been prepared by electrospinning and the effects of different types of acids, bases, and salts on nanofibre diameters within the polyurethane solutions are studied. Nanofibre diameters are measured with the SEM and the changes in nanofibre morphology are investigated by considering the electrical conductivity, viscosity, and surface tensions of dopants. Deterioration is observed in the nanofibre morphology in the presence of acid, whereas the nanofibres obtained in the presence of salt are found smoother, longer and thinner. Homogeneous, fine and smooth nanofibres are obtained from salt-doped polyurethane solutions.

6 illus, 1 table, 21 ref

041344   ALBANÉS-OJEDA E A, CALDERÓN-OLVERA R M, GARCÍA-HIPÓLITO M, CHAVARRÍA-BOLAÑOS D, VEGA-BAUDRIT R, ÁLVAREZ-PEREZ M A, ALVAREZ-FREGOSO O (National Autonomous Univ of Mexico, CDMX, Mexico, Email: oaf@unam.mx) : Physical and chemical characterization of PLA nanofibres and PLA/ZrO₂ mesoporous composites synthesized by air-jet spinning. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2020, 45(1), 57-64.

Polylactic acid with zirconium oxide solution has been deposited by air-jet spinning to obtain a PLA/ZrO₂ composite. Zirconium oxide is obtained by hydrothermal technique and the results indicate that zirconia is nanostructured, mesoporous and thermally stable. The precursor solutions are formed by different amounts of PLA and zirconia. PLA/ZrO₂ composite is formed by nanofibres with a random distribution, non-porous and with diameter of fibres depending of PLA and zirconia concentrations. It is found that the incorporation of zirconia makes the PLA fibres harder, less flexible and mesoporous. However, the thermal properties are not affected by the zirconia incorporation. The findings show that PLA/ZrO₂ composite can be utilized as biomaterial.

6 illus, 3 tables, 42 ref

041331   VARGHESE M L, BABU R J, MENON R S, RAJAN R, GOPAL V V, JACOB A S, TITUS V A, MINIMATHEW, GEORGE S C (Basic Sciences Dep, AmalJyothi Coll of Engineering, Kanjirapally - 686 518, Email: soneygeo@gmail.com) : Effect of Nano-Silica on the Physical, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of the Natural Rubber Latex Modified Concrete. Indian J Eng Mater Sci 2020, 27(2), 452-7.

The preparation and properties of latex modified concrete (LMC), nano silica modified concrete (nSMC) and silica-latex modified concrete (SLMC) have been investigated in this study. Properties like compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, thermal characteristics and water absorption have been evaluated. The 7-day compressive strength has increased 37 % (30.15 N/mm²) after the inclusion of nano silica and latex. The composite has showed considerable improvements in splitting tensile strength (3.24 N/mm²), flexural strength (6.05 N/mm²) and thermal conductivity, while it lowered the water absorption rate. The property increase has been attributed to the pore filling and pozzolanic activity of nano silica and densification of matrix by natural rubber latex and nano silica. The results of this study have suggested that the addition of nano silica and latex could be a relevant technique toward conventional concrete as a key material along with energy efficient construction and building technology.

3 illus, 6 tables, 19 ref

041323   CHAUDHARY S (Mathematics Dep, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur - 302 017, Email: d11.santosh@yahoo.com) : Unsteady flow of CNT-water nanofluid past a stretching sheet with slip effect. Indian J Eng Mater Sci 2020, 27(2), 396-403.

In this analysis, an unsteady flow over a stretching plate with slip effect in CNT-water nanofluid has been examined. A set of ordinary differential equations have been obtained by applying the convenient similarity variables. Perturbation technique has been used to find numerical solutions of the study by applying Runge-Kutta fourth order scheme. Plots of velocity and temperature distributions for physical parameters such as velocity slip parameter, solid volume fraction, unsteadiness parameter and thermal slip parameter have been given via graphs, whereas numerical values of local skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number have been presented in tabular form. Comparison with earlier published results specified that Runge-Kutta method of order four is applicable to solve this problem.

8 illus, 3 tables, 32 ref

041314   GAYITRI H M, AL-GUNAID M, SIDDARAMAIAH, PRAKASH A P G (Studies in Physics Dep, Mysore Univ, Manasagangotri, Mysore - 570 006, Email: gnanaprakash@physics.unimysore.ac.in)) : Optical, structural and thermal properties of hybrid PVA/CaAl₂ZrO₆ nanocomposite films. Indian J Eng Mater Sci 2020, 27(2), 320-32.

This report focuses on fabrication, characterization, and fundamental optical, structural and thermal properties of PVA/calcium aluminum doped zirconate (CaAl₂ZrO₆) nanocomposites (NCs) films. The PVA-NCs with different amounts viz., 2, 4, 6 and 8 wt % of calcium aluminum zirconate (CaAl₂ZrO₆) have been fabricated using solvent casting technique. The NC films structural and morphology have been investigated by X-ray diffraction, FTIR and scanning electron microscopy. TEM result indicates that the size of nanoparticles (NPs) lies in the range 10-23nm.. Thermal studies have been evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The optical properties of NCs has been investigated by UV-vis spectroscopy, where the optical study reveals an increased refractive index from 1.22 to 2.23 at a wave length of 300 nm, where as the band gap energy (E_g) is reduced from 5.01 to 3.32 eV for PVA to PVA/8wt % CaAl₂ZrO₆ , respectively. The dielectric studies, optical conductivity measurements and Urbach energy analysis also supports the dopant dependent optical property, tuning of PVA/CaAl₂ZrO₆ NC films to enable effective material property engineering to suit specified application requirements.

12 illus, 5 tables, 47 ref

046504   RANI S, NEHRA S, KHABIRUDDIN M, LAMBA S (Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar- 125 004, Email: savita0129@gmail.com) : Comparative biochemical analysis of secondary metabolites in commonly grown legume varieties. Legum Res 2020, 43(5), 641-6.

In this research study, quantitative determination of phytoconstituents in seed coat, dehusked raw dal, cooked dal and whole seed of locally grown pulses viz. pigeonpea, lentil, desi and kabuli chickpea, and ricebean was carried out. Among the four treatments of all the pulses, highest yield in methanol was found in ricebean. Total phenolic content (mg GAEg^-1) varied from 1.72-103.62 in all of the extracts. Similarly, flavonoids (mg CAEg^-1) ranged from 1.13 to 33.66 which also found to be reduced in dehulled and cooked extracts. o-Dihydric phenols, hydrophobic and hydrophilic phenols followed order as: seed coat> whole seed> raw dal> cooked dal. Results obtained by DPPH method showed that free radical scavenging capacities ranged from 53.80 to 92.00 % while antioxidant activity ranged from 51.00 to 78.60 % by FTC method. A highly significant correlation (p<0.05) between antioxidant activities/free radical scavenging efficiencies and phenolic contents as well as flavonoids was observed in most of the extracts under study. The results concluded that the pulse seed extracts may be valuable natural source of secondary metabolites for nutraceutical industry.

6 tables, 25 ref

041295   REGONE N N, SOUZA M E P D, FREIRE C M A, BALLESTER M, RANGEL E C, CRUZ N C D (Sao Paulo State Univ, SP, Brasil, Email: natal.regone@unesp.br) : Electrochemical characterization of samples of commercial steel treated with acetylene plasma. Indian J Eng Mater Sci 2020, 27(1), 104-11.

Cutting tools have been employed in wood processing must be corrosion and wear resistant due to the acidic composition of wood and the wear generated during cutting, which lead to the deterioration of steel saws. Hydrogenated amorphous carbon films possess mechanical, tribological and barrier properties that can increase the hardness, wear and corrosion resistance of this type of tool. This work has involved an investigation of the effectiveness of plasma-deposited amorphous carbon thin films in protecting commercial carbon steel saws. Before deposition, the substrates were sputter-cleaned in argon plasma (19.27 Pa; 50 W) for 180 s. The films have been deposited using acetylene and argon mixtures excited by a radio frequency power supply (13.56 MHz, 70 W). The concentration of acetylene in the mixture has been varied in the inverse proportion to that of argon so as to maintain a constant total gas pressure of 1.8 Pa. The deposition time was 3600 s. The chemical behavior of the coated saws have been evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization curves.Surface images of the plasma-coated samples have been recorded by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results have indicated that the plasma treatment has increased the corrosion resistance of carbon steel samples in acidic solutions.

16 illus, 6 tables, 42 ref

041293   ARGUELLES-OJEDA J L, MORENO-PALMERIN J, SALDANA-ROBLES A, CORONA-RIVERA M A, ZAPATA-TORRES M, MÁRQUEZ-HERRERA A (Life Sciences Div, Guanajuato Univ, Guanajuato 36 500, Mexico, Email: amarquez@ugto.mx) : Corrosion behavior of boride diffusion layer on CoCrMo alloy surface. Indian J Eng Mater Sci 2020, 27(1), 87-95.

In the present study, the corrosion behaviour of CoCrMo ASTM F75 alloy with boride diffusion layer and under simulated physiological conditions has been investigated using electrochemical methods. Corrosion has been analyzed using Tafel and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) curves. The corrosion resistance optimization of boride diffusion layer on ASTM F-75 alloy using a central composite design (CCD) in response surface methodology (RSM) has been studied. A boronizing thermochemical treatment has been carried out at different temperatures, time periods and paste mass. The roughness for samples subjected to boride annealing has been higher than that of the unboride sample. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement has shown that the boride layer of the sample at least consists of a mixture of CoB and CrB phases. The EIS and Tafel curves results have suggested that boride ASTM F75 alloy has not been a suitable candidate for orthopedics applications.

8 illus, 8 tables, 48 ref

041290   KUMAR D, SINGH K (Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala, Punjab - 147 004, Email: kusingh@thapar.edu) : Effect of process parameters and VC content on structural and mechanical properties of WC-20Co nano composites. Indian J Eng Mater Sci 2020, 27(1), 58-66.

The effect of process parameters and vanadium carbide on hardness, toughness and structural properties of the tungsten carbide-cobalt (WC-Co) nanocomposite has been investigated using micro-hardness tester, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with attached energy dispersive spectroscopy, respectively. To suppress grain growth, a high percentage (upto 10 wt. %) of vanadium carbide (VC) has been taken as a grain growth inhibitor as well as a hardener. WC-20Co composite with 7.5 wt % VC, heat treated at 1100 °C holding time for 2 hours, possesses high hardness (1687 HV) when the volume fraction of tungsten carbide (WC) and Co₆W₆C phases have been taken in the ratio of 2:1. High hardness and toughness have been obtained at 1100 °C for 2 h heat-treated sample. High VC content with 8 h holding time has increased the porosity in the samples.

9 illus, 2 tables, 57 ref

041288   CHAUDHARY S, KANIKA K M, CHAUDHARY S (Mathematics Dep, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur - 302017, Email: d11.santosh@yahoo.com) : Heat transfer and magneto-hydrodynamic nanofluids flow behaviors past a nonlinear stretching surface considering viscous dissipation and joule heating. Indian J Eng Mater Sci 2020, 27(1), 33-46.

Mathematical investigation has been presented to examine the magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer flow of viscous nanofluids bygone a nonlinear stretched plate among cumulative impact of viscous dissipation and joule heating. Physical formulation produced a system of partial differential equations which has been converted into a set of ordinary differential equations through employing suitable similarity variables. For numerical solutions of resulting governing equations of flow, a Keller-box method has been addressed. Results of dimensionless velocity and dimensionless temperature for impacts of various types of nanoparticle along with water base fluid and effects of physical parameters, namely solid volume fraction, nonlinear stretching parameter, magnetic parameter and Brinkmann number have been deliberated via graphs. Additionally, surface shear stress and surface heat flux for selected suitable values of pertinent parameters have been computed and explicated via table.

11 illus, 3 tables, 42 ref

045028   BALTE A S, GOYAL P K, SHARMA K M, AGGARWAL R R (Career Point Univ, Kota- 324 001, Rajasthan) : A new triterpenoid from the roots of Callistemon lanceolatus dc. J Chem & Cheml Sci 2020, 10(12), 389-92.

A new triterpenoid of the ursane series, 2α,3β,24-Trihydroxyurs-12-en-28- oic acid 1 was isolated from the roots of Callistemon lanceolatus. The structural elucidation of 1 was carried out by extensive studies of both spectral studies and derivatization.

2 illus, 28 ref

045027   DEV R, KUMAR R (Chemistry Dep, ShriVenkateshwara Univ, Amroha, Email: r.kumar31284@gmail.com) : Method development and validation of 2-[(2-methoxyphenoxy) methyl] oxirane content in ranolazine drug substance by lc-ms/ms. J Chem & Cheml Sci 2020, 10(12), 377-88.

A LC-MS/MS method was developed for determination of 2-[(2- methoxyphenoxy) - methyl] oxirane using Xselect CSH ® C18 (100 x 3.0) mm, 2.5µm and a mobile phase of buffer pH 5.50 : Methanol with gradient, at flow rate of 0.3 ml/min with MS detector. The mass of 2-[(2-methoxyphenoxy) - methyl] oxirane was found 181.17 in ESI positive mode and the retention time was found 4.9 minutes. The proposed method was validated for System suitability, Specificity, Linearity, LOD and LOQ, Recovery, Precision, and Range. All the parameters were found within the acceptable limits. Linearity of 2-[(2-methoxy phenoxy) - methyl] oxirane was in the range of LOQ to 150 % of specification level. LC-MS/MS method was specific, accurate, precise and suitable for the analysis of 2-[(2-methoxy phenoxy) - methyl] oxirane in Ranolazine drug substance.

9 tables, 18 ref

045026   RAIZADA S, KUMAR R (Chemistry, Shri Venkateshwara Univ, Amroha, Email: shaily_e@yahoo.com) : Method development and validation of pesticides residues in rice by GC-MS/MS. J Chem & Cheml Sci 2020, 10(12), 363-76.

A GC-MS/MS method was developed for estimation of Pesticides in Rice using Restek Rtx-5MS column (30m X .25mm X 0.25µm) and a mobile phase of Helium gas with gradient GC oven programming, at flow rate of 1.0 ml/min with MS detector. The mass of Pesticides Bifenthrin and Cyfluthrin were found 226.1 and 181 respectively. The proposed method was validated for Specificity, Linearity, LOD and LOQ, Recovery, Repeatability, Ruggedness and Matrix effect. All the parameters were found within the acceptable limits. Linearity of Bifenthrin and Cyfluthrin was in the range of 2.5-100µg/kg. GC-MS/MS method was specific, accurate, rugged and suitable for the analysis of Bifenthrin and Cyfluthrin in Rice.

2 illus, 8 tables, 10 ref

045025   PATEL R K, SINGH P K, SHARMA A, PANDEY R, PATEL B, MISHRA S (Chemistry Dep, SGS Govt. PG Coll, Sidhi, MP, Email: rajeshkumarpatel410@gmail.com) : Methyl parathion residue in bovine milk collected from different tehsil of Singrauli district. J Chem & Cheml Sci 2020, 10(12), 355-62.

Bovine milk is an essential component in the diet of infants, children, and the elderly. The aim of the present study was to investigate the pesticide residues in bovine milk. Ninety samples of bovine milk were collected from 4 tehsil of Singrauli district, India during March 2018 to February 2019 on seasonal basis and analysed for the presence of pesticide methyl parathion residues. Methyl parathion residue was detected in 6.70 % samples and reported their maximum presence in winter season (0.79 – 0.94 ppm) followed by summer (0.67-0.74 ppm) and rainy season (0.47 ppm). All 6.70 % samples exceeded the maximum residue limit (MRL) of 0.05 ppm as recommended by FAO/WHO. Results suggest that environmental contamination with pesticides, lack of good management practices while using pesticides, animal feed and violation of withdrawal period for ectoparasiticides may result in the occurrence of pesticide residues in milk.

2 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

045024   ALI S S, ZAIDI H A (Chemical Engineering Dep, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh- 202 002, Email: hasan.azaidi@gmail.com) : Transformation of methanol to hydrocarbons using modified hzsm-5 catalyst. J Chem & Cheml Sci 2020, 10(11), 347-54.

HZSM-5 catalyst was modified with barium oxide and cadmium oxide and used for the production of hydrocarbons in a fixed bed reactor was investigated. Barium oxide and cadmium oxide content such as 1wt %BaO and 0.1wt %CdO were doped over HZSM-5 and prepared using the wet impregnation technique. It was found the BaO and CdO get dispersed uniformly over the HZSM-5 catalyst. BaO/CdO film directly influences the formation of crystals, catalyst area, porevolume, and catalyst reaction. 1wt % BaO/0.1wt %CdO-HZSM-5 catalyst was modified by mild dealumination in 1 M oxalic acid solution, named Cd-Ba/HZOX, and exhibited significant improvement in catalyst stability and hydrocarbon yield. The catalyst properties were investigated by XRD, SEM, and BET analysis. The significant products obtained were methane, ethylene, propylene, dimethyl ether, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, isopropyl benzene, ethyl toluene, and trimethyl benzene and tetra methylbenzene [T=673 K, P=1atm and WHSV=9.5 19h-1 ]. It was investigated that the Cd-Ba/HZOX catalyst showed better stability than the HZSM-5(HZ), 1wt % BaO-HZSM-5 (Ba/HZ), and 1wt % BaO-0.1wt %CdO/HZSM-5 (Cd-Ba/HZ) catalyst, and this study was made based on the effect of run time.

4 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

045023   RATHOD Y U, LANJE Y V, ZANJE S B, TADAVI S K, DAFARE S W, BORKAR S D (Chemistry Dep, J. M. Patel Arts, Commerce & Science Coll, Bhandara- 441 904, Email: shalil1@rediffmail.com) : Synthesis, characterization, magnetic and thermal behavior studies of chelate polymers of adipyl-bis-phenyl carbamide with first transition series metal ions. J Chem & Cheml Sci 2020, 10(11), 340-6.

In the present research article, we describe the synthesis of metal chelate polymers compounds also called as metal coordination complexes or polymer complexes by refluxing the metal acetate and bis ligand as 1:1 stoichiometry. Adipylbis-phenyl carbamide (ABPC) which acts as bis ligand for the preparation of chelate polymers of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II). Based on elemental measurements, infrared, magnetic, and reflectance spectra structure of ligand and chelate polymers was affirmed. Thermal decomposition behavior of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), polymers with adipylbis-phenyl carbamide (ABPC) has been investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at heating rate 10 °C min-1 under nitrogen atmosphere. Freeman–Carroll, Sharp–Wentworth methods were used to calculate the thermal activation energy (Ea) the order of reaction (n), entropy change (∆S), free energy change (∆F), apparent entropy (S*), and frequency factor (Z).

3 illus, 4 tables, 30 ref

045022   MALINI P T, UMMATHUR M B, KRISHNANKUTTY K (PG Dep of Chemistry, Zamorin’s Guruvayurappan Coll, Kerala- 673 014, Email: mbummathur@gmail.com) : Lanthanide complexes of some synthetic curcuminoids. J Chem & Cheml Sci 2020, 10(11), 333-9.

Mixed ligand complexes of Ln(III) ions {La(III), Pr(III), Nd(III), Er(III) and Dy(III)} with [LnL3(H2O)2] stoichiometry have been synthesized by the reaction of lanthanide nitrates with three synthetic curcuminoid analogues (HL) derived from acetylacetone and aromatic aldehydes (benzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde and furfural). Analytical, UV, IR, 1H NMR and mass spectral data revealed that in all metal complexes the curcuminoid analogues behave as monobasic bidentate and the complexation occurs by the replacement of intramolecularly hydrogen bonded enolic proton by Ln(III) ion.

2 illus, 3 tables, 16 ref

045021   SHAFI S S, SUBAASH R, SENTHILKUMAR S (Chemistry Dep, Thiruvalluvar Univ, Tamilnadu- 632 115, Email: suban_shafi@yahoo.com) : Preparation and evaluation of substituted 1-amino dibenzofuran derivative as antibacterial and antifungal agents. J Chem & Cheml Sci 2020, 10(10), 323-32.

A chain of 1-amino dibenzo[b,d]furan acetamide derivatives were synthesized by reacting through1, 3-dinitrophenol, iodophenolwith 2-chloroacetyl chloride. To understand the chemical structures of the compound 1H NMR,13C NMR spectra were recorded. With the help of the LCMS test the mass of the synthesized compounds was estimated. The FTIR spectral analysis was employed to identify the functional groups present in the title compound. The in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of these compounds were also screened for industrial applications.

1 illus, 1 table, 15 ref