023051   Maity N P (Electronics & Communication Engineering Dep, Mizoram Univ, Aizawl-796 004, Email: maity_niladri@rediffmail.com) : Characteristics of 4H-SIC semiconductor based MOS devices. Int J Comp Applic 2011, 6(2), 103-7.

For the high saturated electron drift velocity, high breakdown field, high thermal conductivity, and wide bandgap Silicon Carbide (SiC) is considered as the promising semiconductor material to fabricate the high power, compact, high temperature and high frequency metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) devices. Author simulate the capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics of MOS devices with thin oxide using ATLAS, TCAD suite by SILVACO. Used the tool to investigate the effect on C-V characteristics of different oxide thickness and doping concentration for silicon (Si) and 4H-SiC semiconductor based MOS devices. Excellent agreement was observed over a wide range of oxide thickness and substrate doping for the SiC material. The C-V characteristics of different polytype of SiC (4H-, 6H- and 3C-) semiconductor are simultaneously studied for MOS devices.

7 illus, 1 table, 19 ref

023050   Gupta R;Aggarwal A;Pal S K (NO, Delhi Univ, Delhi-110 007, Email: guptarajan2000@gmail.com) : Design and analysis of new shuffle encryption schemes for multimedia. Def Sci J 2012, 62(3), 159-66.

Securing the contents of visual data and multimedia requires specific design consideration for use in different applications. The major issue with this type of data has been occurrence of redundancy, at various places particularly in images, which makes data values repetitive at several places. The focus of this paper is on design of new shuffling schemes that can efficiently destroy redundancy in the visual data ensuring its secured transmission and distribution over public networks. Different variants of these shuffling schemes will be used as pre-processing schemes on multimedia data values especially in light weight devices using images. Standard as well as chaotic permutation and substitution schemes together with S-box rotation have been used to shuffle and map the plain data into random uncorrelated values via various variants of the presented schemes. For further improving the security, the processed data is encrypted using a computationally fast algorithm in its normal mode of operation. Security analysis using different types of images show that the proposed schemes satisfy the parameters required for securing visual contents even with very high redundancy.

4 illus, 1 table, 25 ref

023049   Grewal R K;Goel S (CSED, Thapar Univ, Patiala, Punjab-147 004, Email: ravneetkaurgrewal@yahoo.co.in) : Importance of quality models in commercial off the shelf components selection. Int J Comp Applic 2011, 6(2), 109-12.

Selection of COTS software packages is currently a fundamental task in software engineering. Among the most significant processes in Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS)-based systems is the selection of the COTS components. Selection of inappropriate COTS may lead to irreplaceable loss in business. Most appropriate COTS selection is complicated because of a number of factors, the most important being the user quality requirements. Therefore, selection of packages can be ameliorated by transforming user quality requirements into requirements expressed in terms of the quality model attributes. The need of quality model in selection is presented citing a suggestion of ISO/IEC 9126 standard. Discusses the required methodology for selecting COTS packages fulfilling the required quality factors.

3 illus, 7 ref

023048   Bamba A (Computer Science Dep, JMIT, Radaur) : Securing healthcare sensor network using public key based scheme. Int J Comp Applic 2011, 6(2), 149-54.

Use of Wireless sensor Network (WSN) in healthcare application is growing in a fast pace. Numerous applications such as heart rate monitor, blood pressure monitor and endoscopic capsule are already in use. Due to the sensitiveness of medical data, austere privacy and security are unavoidable for all parts of healthcare system. However, the constrained nature of the sensor nodes and the operational requirements of these networks hinder the use of traditional security methods. This paper proposes an efficient PKC based security scheme for healthcare applications of WSN with relatively less resource requirements. Entire security scheme comprises basically of two separate but interrelated parts; a Key handshaking process based on simple linear operations and the derivation of decryption key by a receiver node for that particular sender in the network. Results show that this scheme demonstrates a considerable gain in the level of security and is suitable enough to be employed with current generation sensor nodes.

2 illus, 12 ref

023047   Arumuga Perumal S;Rajakumar T C;Krishnan N (Comp. Science Dep, S.T. Hindu College, Nagerciol, Tamil Nadu-629 002, Email: visvenk@yahoo.co.in) : Fuzzy reasoning approach for edge enhancement. Int J Comp Applic 2011, 6(2), 95-8.

Edge is the fundamental property of image processing. Fuzzy Reasoning technique is proposed to extract thick edges in two dimensional monochrome images. Fuzzy logic is applied to extract value for an image and is used for edge enhancement. Fuzzy pixel selection can improve the drawbacks of conventional methods. In the traditional methods, fixed parameters are used for all kinds of images. It may succeed in one image but fail in another one. In this frame work the threshold parameter value is obtained from the histogram of the input image. The Fuzzy reasoning method selects the complete information about the edges and the resultant image has less blur and the thick border is displayed.

3 illus, 8 ref

021959   Yadav B S (NO, JJT University, Chudela, Jhunjhunu) : E-business security environment and ethical challenges. Engng Technol India 2012, 1(7), 1-2.

This is the age of technology. Every day a new innovation in this field emerges. The technologies are developing and deploying web applications with an exponential growth. A clear conceptual understanding of these technologies and the component approach to software design is essential for the development of successful E-Business applications. Whilst the maturing technology is simplifying the technical challenge, it should not be forgotten that a full understanding of the business requirements and the design of innovative solutions to meet these requirements are the overriding objectives and remain as challenging as ever. How the use of information technologies in e-business effects employment, individuality, working conditions, privacy, crime, health and solution to societal problems. Identifying several types of security, management strategies and defences, how they can be used to ensure the security of e-business applications.

2 illus

021958   Sharma T;Bist C;Verma M (CE Dep, JNU, Jodhpur, Email: taru.dharma@bapugkv.ac.in) : SCADA network topologies. Engng Technol India 2012, 1(5), 72-9.

Automation (ancient Greek: = self dictated), roboticization or industrial automation or numerical control is the use of control systems such as computers to control industrial machinery and processes, reducing the need for human intervention. In the scope of industrialization, automation is a step beyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization provided human operators with machinery to assist them with the physical requirements of work, automation greatly reduces the need for human sensory and mental requirements as well. Processes and systems can also be automated.

021957   Payra A K (NO, , ) : Adapting LSB method on bit-plane for high-embedding ratio of steganography. J Netwk Secur 2013, 1(1), (NULL).

Internet is one of the medium of communication mostly used now a day. To conserve the security of information sent over the internet, steganographic concept makes its arrival. Least-significant bit and multi-bit embedding methods are the most well-known and familiar in this domain. Here, in this work, only least-significant bit method is used. It is a new technique which is indeed very simple in comparison to the other existing ones in the sense that secret information is hidden inside the image. Here, obtained an embedding ratio almost 8 times of the existing LSB algorithm by combining steganalysis tool `bit-plane' and LSB algorithm applied over Gray-scale image. Estimated variance and standard deviation of stego-image is reduced here by deploying `complement approach', LSB algorithm and bit-plane, which thereby enhances the quality of stego image. Hence, it is not possible for the intruder to extract content of the message sent by the user without using statistical approach (e.g.: correlation, standard deviation etc.). If somehow intruder manages to extract the content then he/she have to use sterilization techniques to destroy the information.

021956   Patil K I (G.H. Raisoni Engg Coll, , Jalgaon, Maharashtra) : Integration of sound signature in CCP image authentication system. Engng Technol India 2012, 1(7), 28-30.

Here a graphical password system with a supportive sound signature to increase the remembrance of the password is discussed. In proposed work a click-based graphical password scheme called Cued Click Points (CCP) is presented. In this system a password consists of sequence of some images in which user can select one click-point per image. In addition user is asked to select a sound signature corresponding to each click point this sound signature will be used to help the user in recalling the click point on an image. System showed very good Performance in terms of speed, accuracy, and ease of use. Users preferred CCP to Pass Points, saying that selecting and remembering only one point per image was easier and sound signature helps considerably in recalling the click points.

2 tables, 4 ref

021955   Pathak H K;Sanghi M (NO, , ) : Enhanced of simple three party key exchange protocol: attacks and a solution. Res Rev: J embedded syst Applic 2013, 1(1), 1-9.

In secure communication password based three party encrypted key exchange (3PEKE) protocols have become significant due to the simplicity of maintaining human memorable passwords. In 2007, Lu and Cao proposed a simple and efficient three party password based authenticated key exchange (S-3PAKE) protocol. In 2008, Guo et al. found that S-3PAKE protocol has some loop holes and attacked by man in the middle attack and on-line dictionary attack. They proposed an improved protocol by which two side users individually implement 2-PAKE protocol to obtain message authentication codes (MAC) prior to creating a shared session key. Recently, Yang et al. proposed an effective 3PAKE protocol without requiring the execution of 2 PAKE protocol. In this paper, we demonstrate that Yang et al.'s protocol is vulnerable to undetectable on-line password guessing attacks and off-line password guessing attacks. Besides, we also propose a new three party EKE protocol which not only is secure against the guessing attacks but also satisfies the formal security proof by AVISPA.

17 ref

021954   Kishan Lal;Singh J;Shrotriya A K (Research Dep, JJT University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, Email: godara123456@gmail.com ) : Phishing attacks and cyber crimes: an current view. Engng Technol India 2012, 1(7), 97-105.

This overview gives the basic introduction of cyber laws and phishing attacks, defines the terms used in the industry and research field, outlines the detail of cyber laws and architecture of prevention from phishing. It provides a brief summary of anti-phishing and provides a good foundation for understanding the effects and prevention of phishing.

10 ref

021953   Jindal N;Sharma A;Agrawal V (NO, Chartered Institute of Techbnology, Abu Road, Rajasthan, Email: er.neerajjindal@yahoo.com) : Red tacton. Engng Technol India 2012, 1(7), 46-50.

LAN,MAN,WAN,internet & many more here is seen in the new concept of "RED TACTON" which makes the human body as a communication network by name HAN called HUMAN AREA NETWORK. We created the word, "Tacton" because with this technology, communication starts by touching (Touch), leading to various actions (Act on). Then added the color red to convey the meaning of warmth in communication. Combining these phrases led to the name, "RedTacton". Japanese telecom company NTT(Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation) is soon to launch a product that transmits data via your body, effectively turning is a card-like gadget that you simply carry anywhere on your person, and it transmits data via electric fields a world's first according to NTT. The data is passed on to other devices as you touch them, even with your clothes or shoes. So you can open an office door keylessly, unlock and start your car, or any of a million other applications currently using swipe-card entry.

4 illus, 9 ref

021952   Jindal N;Sharma A;Agrawal V (NO, Chartered Institute of Technology, Abu Road, Rajasthan, Email: er.neerajjindal@yahoo.com) : Mobile computing. Engng Technol India 2012, 1(7), 42-5.

Presents the Mobile Computing Research. Mobile computing plays a Significant Role in our Life Recent developments in device and high bandwidth ubiquitous wireless networks have made mobile computing a reality. Indeed, it is widely predicted that within the next few years access to Internet services will be primarily from wireless devices, with desktop browsing the exception. Such predictions are based on the huge growth in the wireless phone market and the success of wireless data services. This Research will help in understanding fundamental concepts, current developments in mobile communication systems and wireless computer networks.

2 illus, 8 ref

021951   Jangid S;Kamra M;Bhatia A (Engineering College, , Bikaner, Rajasthan) : Wireless sensor network. Engng Technol India 2012, 1(6), 13-6.

Wireless sensor networks are a new type of networked systems, characterized by severely constrained computational and energy resources, and an ad hoc operational environment. Wireless sensor networks(WSNs) have been increasingly available for largescale applications in which energy efficiency & security is an important performance measure. Driven by the energy & security limitation nature of WSNs lots of research works have been done in aspects such as nodes replication,data aggregation routing, clustering for better coverage of network security moniroting etc.In this paper author implement a grid network and author proposed a Horizontal - Vertical method for load balancing of the grid network.

4 ref

021950   Goswami S K (IGATE, , Pune, Maharashtra, Email: sujoy_here@yahoo.co.in) : Color image compression (Lossy) through selective component technique and block truncation compression technique. J Remote Sensing GIS 2013, 4(2), 1-3.

This is a lossy image compression technique, where image is compressed by combination of two individual lossy compression techniques. The first technique is the selective component technique, where any one of the 3 components (R, G, B) is taken in a particular order preserving the colour information of the pixels in lossy manner; and the second technique is the block truncation technique (BTC) applied to the output of the previous technique. As we know, BTC is a standard lossy image compression technique. This paper shows how the two methods can be applied together to improve the compression ratio to a great extent. Finally further possible improvements are discussed.

8 illus, 2 ref

021949   Gautam K;Aggarwal S (JIET, , Jind, KUK Kurukshetra, Email: Kirtigautam078@gmail.com) : Novel technique used for image steganography basede on frequency domain. Engng Technol India 2012, 1(7), 16-22.

With the development of Internet technologies, digital media can be transmitted conveniently over the Internet. However, message transmissions over the Internet still have to face all kinds of security problems. Therefore, how to protect secret messages during transmission becomes an essential issue for the Internet. Hence, a new scheme, called "steganography", arises to conceal the secret messages within some other ordinary media (i.e. images, music and video files) so that it cannot be observed. Steganography is the science that involves communicating secret data in an appropriate multimedia carrier, e.g., image, audio and video files.

10 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

021948   Garg V;Tak L;Bhatia A (BMIT, , Jaipur, Rajasthan) : Object oriented software. Engng Technol India 2012, 1(6), 17-8.

Studied role of Object Oriented Software in present scenario for estimation of quality of software. Metrics are measures of specific attribute of the process, product and project. Key element of every engineering process is measurement, developers use measurement to better understand the attributes of the models. In the software engineering domain, Ei el is also the name of an object oriented language that emphasizes the design and construction of large, high-quality software's by assembling reusable software components, called classes, that serve as templates to make objects. Beyond classes (on which modularity is based), multiple inheritance, polymorphism, static typing and dynamic binding, generosity, garbage collection, a disciplined exception mechanism, and systematic use of assertions to improve software correctness in the context of programming by contract. Software engineering encompasses much more than what a computer language Computer languages are just tools that software engineers can use (or misuse) within a larger context.

3 ref

021947   Dhaka M (NO, Victoria University Melbourne, Australia) : Image recognition using MARLAB. Engng Technol India 2012, 1(6), 1-2.

The set of images used to create eigen space for face recognition. The goal of this Paper is to apply the eigenface approach to recognize someone's face. The overall problem is to be able to accurately recognize a person's identity and take some action based on the outcome of the recognition process. Recognize a person's identity is important mainly for security reason, but it could also be used to obtain quick access to medical, criminal, or any type of records. Solving this problem is important because it could allow personnel to take preventive action action, provide better service - in the case of a doctors appointment, or allow a person access to a secure area. This Paper will shows you how to build a face recognition program using Matlab.

3 ref

021946   Das A;Garg B;Chand P;Singh B (NO, , ) : Quadruplet circular hollow ring structure to ameliorate RMPA parameters for WLAN. J Netwk Secur 2013, 1(1), (NULL).

Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna with "Quadruplet circular hollow rings" shaped metamaterial cover is designed and replicate at a height of 3.2 mm from the ground plane. The antenna along with the proposed metamaterial cover is designed to resonate at 2.21 GHz frequency (in S-Band). But the proposed metamaterial cover significantly reduces the return loss and increases the bandwidth and efficiency of the antenna in comparison to rectangular microstrip patch antenna alone. The proposed antenna is suitable for application of WLAN requiring 34 MHz bandwidth space and reduced return loss, of about -23.58 dB and its efficiency increases by 62.84% (approx. 21%). Hence there is reduction in frequency which refers to reduction of size of the antenna. The scope of this paper is to design and simulate the proposed artificial structure with simultaneous negative permittivity and permeability or the so-called Left Handed Metamaterial. Nicolson-Ross-Weir approach has been used for verifying the double-negative properties of the proposed metamaterial.

021945   Chaudhary S (MITS, , Laxmangarh Rajsthan) : Image processing operations. Engng Technol India 2012, 1(7), 92-6.

"The manipulation and analysis of information contained in images" Simple examples: glasses, TV settings, photo developing, etc. Advanced examples: CAM checking, OCR Image Processing is any form of information processing for which the input is an image, such as photographs or frames of video; it is not necessary that output will be an image, it can be a set of features of the image. Most image processing techniques involve treating the image as a two dimensional signal and applying standard signal-processing techniques to it.

5 illus, 9 ref

021944   Bhadeshiya J R;Vora V S (NO, , ) : Novel approach for adjustment of CH in energy efficient routing protocol (LEACH) for wireless sensor network. J Netwk Secur 2013, 1(1), (NULL).

Networking together hundreds or thousands of cheap microsensor nodes allows users to accurately monitor a remote environment by intelligently combining the data from the individual nodes. These networks require robust wireless communication protocols that are energy efficient and provide low latency. In this paper, author develop and analyze low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy distributed cluster formation technique that enables self-organization of large numbers of nodes, algorithms for adapting clusters and rotating cluster head positions to evenly distribute the energy load among all the nodes, and techniques to enable distributed signal processing to save communication resources. Results show that Modified LEACH can improve system lifetime by an order of magnitude compared with general-purpose multihop approaches. Authors have also compared with conventional routing protocols based on metrics such as energy, lifetime, throughput, etc.

021943   Arora N;Nikita S M (NO, , ) : Enhancement of security of digital persona. J Netwk Secur 2013, 1(1), (NULL).

This paper enhances the security features of an algorithm used in fingerprint reader software Digital Persona used to control the functioning of biometric reader. Concept of Biometric Encryption key is used unlike 128 bit encryption key used in it to prevent forgery.

021942   Ali K;Saxena A;Mittal M (ECE Dep, VIT, Jaipur) : Secure mode of data transmission. Engng Technol India 2012, 1(7), 106-9.

4 illus, 1 table

020944   Yadav J;Jatain A (IT Dep, ITM University, Gurgaon, Email: yadav_jy_86@yahoo.com) : Relation between CMMI and lean software development. Invertis J Sci Technol 2013, 6(1), 39-43.

Agile software development is a method of improving the effectiveness and performance of work processes. Everyone is practicing agile methodologies. Along with these, most of the organizations rely on process maturity models to assess and improve their own processes, since it has been getting clear that most project failures are due to undisciplined processes. Many organizations demand cmmi compliance of projects where agile methods are employed. This paper analyzes the interrelations and mutual restrictions between lean software development and approaches for software process analysis and improvement.

020943   Saharan R;Khatri G (NO, Pratap University, Jaipur) : Face recognition of a person with different process. Int J latest Technol Mgmt appl Sci 2012, 1(3), 10-15.

Task of face recognition has been actively researched in recent year. There are several procedure have been developed for face recognition system since last three decades. But here the present worker is trying to concentrate on a particular technique which is related to calculate different position values (i.e. the position value of eyes, nose, lips, etc) as well as the distance values of different positions of a particular face are stored in database in the form of matrices. When the new face is to be matched then again calculate these position values as well as the distance values and keep these values in new matrices from the test image and matched with the previously stored matrices values. If all the values will get properly matched then the face will be recognized.

12 ref

020942   Parihar P;Arora M;Vardhan G;Bairwa M K (PLNCT, , Indore, Madhya Pradesh) : Face recognition process using PCA. Int J latest Technol Mgmt appl Sci 2012, 1(3), 60-3.

Human face detection and recognition play important roles in many applications such as video surveillance and face image database management. In our project, we have studied worked on both face recognition and detection techniques and developed algorithms for them. In face recognition the algorithm used is PCA (principal component analysis), MPCA(Multilinear Principal Component Analysis) and LDA(Linear Discriminant Analysis) in which recognize an unknown test image by comparing it with the known training images stored in the database as well as give information regarding the person recognized. These techniques works well under robust conditions like complex background, different face positions. The face recognition algorithms used here are Principal Component Analysis(PCA), Multilinear Principal Component Analysis (MPCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA). Every algorithm has its own advantage. While PCA is the most simple and fast algorithm, MPCA and LDA which have been applied together as a single algorithm named MPCALDA provide better results under complex circumstances like face position, luminance variation etc. Each of them have been discussed one by one below.

5 ref

020941   Manuja P (NO, , JEC Kukus Jaipur) : Mobile ad-hoc network manet. Int J latest Technol Mgmt appl Sci 2012, 1(3), 5-9.

(MANET) is one of the recent active fields and has received overwhelming attention. MANET is a combination of mobile nodes having the capability of forming temporarily network without the aid of any established infrastructure or centralized administration. Due to the selfconfiguration and self maintenance capabilities, MANETs become more valuable. So, Security challenges have become a primary concern to provide secure communication between mobile nodes. So a large number have been developed to identify different type of network attacks. In this paper, we study the major attack types that MANET faces and the security goals to be achieved. This paper gives out a survey of major security protocols with their relative comparison.

7 ref

020940   Gupta N;Tak N;Joshi A;Solanki A S (B.Tech. Rajasthan Technical University, , Rajasthan, Email: nitin619gupta@gmail.com) : Network virtualization: growting Technology and a field of research challenges. Int J latest Technol Mgmt appl Sci 2012, 1(3), 43-6.

Recently network virtualization has been pushed forward by its proponents as a long term solution to the gradual ossification problem faced by the existing Internet and proposed to be an integral part of the next-generation networking paradigm. By allowing multiple heterogeneous network architectures to cohabit on a shared physical substrate, network virtualization provides flexibility, promotes diversity, and promises security and increased manageability. However, many technical issues stand in the way toward its successful realization. This article investigates the past and the state of the art in network virtualization along with the future challenges that must be addressed to realize a viable network virtualization environment.

3 illus, 12 ref

020939   Groach M;Garg A (ECE Dep, BGSB Univ, Rajouri, Jammu & Kashmir, Email: manikgroach11@gmail.com) : Comparative study of SPIHT, DCSPIHT, hybrid image compression algorithm. Int J Inf Comput Sci 2012, 15(1), 1-5.

This paper is a comparative study of different image compression techniques in terms of signal to noise ratio. Image compression is a vital task for image transmission and storage. Thus far, a number of compression techniques have been developed; for instance, SPIHT, Hybrid algorithm, DCSPIHT and more. SPIHT algorithm uses the smallest mean-square error criterion based on wavelet, the hybrid algorithm based on SPIHT and fractal image compression algorithm, it makes full use of landscape features and human visual characteristics and DCSPIHT is the hybrid combination of DCT and SPIHT coding.

2 illus, 1 table, 5 ref

020938   Dhanasekaran M;Bhati R;Arora M (Computer Science Dep, Sharda University, ) : Parallel computing. Int J latest Technol Mgmt appl Sci 2012, 1(3), 16-20.

Servers use multiple processors to handle many simultaneous requests in a timely manner. For example, a web server might use dozens of processors to supply hundreds of pages per second Multi-core chips include several processor cores on a single computer chip. Even a laptop (or other small system) that uses a multicore chip is a parallel computer.

3 illus, 13 ref

020937   Dey P K;Chattaraj S;Ghosh D N (Computer Aplication Dep, Dr. B.C. Roy Engineering College, Jemua Road, Fuljihore, Durgapur-713 206, Email: dey_pabitra@yahoo.co.in) : Faculty selection in engineering organization using AHP & TOPSIS. Int J Inf Comput Sci 2012, 15(1), 6-15.

The selection of best faculty is one of the essential criteria for the entire education system as it plays the most important role in order to impart the best performance in the field of education. Teachers are supposed to be the leaders of the nation as their motivation and expertise encourage the younger generation to achieve excellence. Therefore there is a mutually reciprocal relationship between the teachers and students in which the bliss of knowledge is exchanged between two groups of people. Any efficient and knowledgeable teacher is an asset for any institution. His earnest endeavors lead the institution to the acme of excellence. So, recruitment of the efficient faculty members is an integral process of the entire academic curriculum. This article aims to initialize the use of multi-criteria decision making for ranking the efficient teachers/candidates with the help of two step methodology containing AHP and TOPSIS. Several expert opinions are here considered to compare the candidates with each other. The result shows that the proposed model provide more realistic way to select the best candidate and it can simultaneously solve the flaws in existing faculty recruitment system.

2 illus, 7 tables, 16 ref

020936   Das S;Nayak L (Transfer of Technology Div, National Institute of Research on Jute & Allied Fibre Technology, 12, Regent Park, Kolkata-700 040, Email: suhjai_das@yahoo.com) : Decision support system for plant variety selection. Int J Inf Comput Sci 2012, 15(2), 38-9.

Variety is the reflecting property of a crop. Particular variety is required for a particular demand. Selection of variety is very important for a particular need. It is very difficult to work with all aspects taking together, in varietal selection. For that, computer software assists in the selection process. There are many numbers of verities in germplasm collection. It may have characters like seed weight, yield, maturity days, flower color, flower shape, plant height, etc. For selection of verity, customize software has been developed containing indexing, compression, searching, identification, scaling and many statically analysis.

^ssc7 ref

020935   Danish M (Al-Falah School of Engineering & Technology, , Dhauj, Faridabad, Haryana, Email: mohammaddanish85@gmail.com) : Optimized private searching in world of web. Invertis J Sci Technol 2013, 6(1), 32-38.

Encrypted search - performing queries on protected data - has been explored in the past; however, its inherent inefficiency has raised questions of practicality. Here, focus on improving the performance and extending its functionality enough to make it practical. This is done by optimizing the system, and by stepping back from the goal of achieving maximal privacy guarantees in an encrypted search scenario and consider efficiency and functionality as priorities. Authors design and analyze the privacy implications of two practical extensions applicable to any keyword-based private search system and evaluate their efficiency by building them on top of a private search system, called SADS [1, 2]. Additionally, improve SADS performance, privacy guaranties and functionality. The extended SADS system offers improved efficiency parameters that meet practical usability requirements in a relaxed adversarial model. Also present the experimental results and evaluate the performance of the system. aswere as demonstrate analytically that our scheme can meet the basic needs of a major hospital complex's admission's records. Overall, we achieve performance comparable to a simply configured MySQL database system.

019936   Vimalathithan R;Valarmathi M L (NO, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore-641 404, Email: athivimal@gmail.com) : Cryptanalysis of simplified-AES using particle swarm optimisation. Def Sci J 2012, 62(2), 117-21.

Particle swarm optimisation (PSO) based cryptanalysis has gained much attention due to its fast convergence rate. This paper proposes a PSO-based cryptanalysis scheme for breaking the key employed in simplified-advance encryption standard (S-AES). The cost function is derived using letter frequency analysis. The novelty in our approach is to apply ciphertext-only attack for an S-AES encryption system, where we obtained the key in a minimum search space compared to the Brute-Force attack. Experimental results prove that PSO can be used as an effective tool to attack the key used in S-AES.

2 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

019935   Suresh V;Veni Madhavan C E (NO, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru-560 012, Email: suresh.venkatasubramanian@gmail.com) : Image encryption with space-filling curves. Def Sci J 2012, 62(1), 46-50.

Conventional encryption techniques are usually applicable for text data and often unsuited for encrypting multimedia objects for two reasons. Firstly, the huge sizes associated with multimedia objects make conventional encryption computationally costly. Secondly, multimedia objects come with massive redundancies which are useful in avoiding encryption of the objects in their entirety. Hence a class of encryption techniques devoted to encrypting multimedia objects like images have been developed. These techniques make use of the fact that the data comprising multimedia objects like images could in general be seggregated into two disjoint components, namely salient and non-salient. While the former component contributes to the perceptual quality of the object, the latter only adds minor details to it. In the context of images, the salient component is often much smaller in size than the non-salient component. Encryption effort is considerably reduced if only the salient component is encrypted while leaving the other component unencrypted. A key challenge is to find means to achieve a desirable seggregation so that the unencrypted component does not reveal any information about the object itself. In this study, an image encryption approach that uses fractal structures-known as space-filling curves- in order to reduce the encryption overload is presented. In addition, the approach also enables a high quality lossy compression of images.

^ssc6 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

019934   Srinivasan C;Lakshmy K V;Sethumadhavan M (NO, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore-641 112, Email: c_srinivasan@cb.amrita.edu) : Measuring diffusion in stream ciphers using statistical testing methods. Def Sci J 2012, 62(1), 6-10.

Confusion and diffusion suggested by Claude Shannon are two techniques that symmetric key ciphers should satisfy to prevent cryptanalysis. Diffusion dissipates the statistical properties of the plaintext over the whole ciphertext. For a block cipher, each bit of the output ciphertext block changes with probability one half for any flipped bit in the input plaintext block, implying the cipher to have good diffusion properties. This definition with slight modification can also be applied to stream ciphers but here it is enough to make sure the following: (i) to ensure an overall change in the output keystream with probability half for any flipped bit in the key-IV bit sequence, and (ii) to verify that every bit in the output keystream changes with probability one half for any single bit flip in the key-IV bit sequence. Here we insist on using these tests together for measuring diffusion in stream ciphers. Based on this we have examined the level of diffusion exhibited by some of the eSTREAM candidates and the result is given in this paper.

3 tables, 10 ref

019933   Sinha S D;Arya C P (NO, Institute for Systems Studies and Analyses, Delhi-110 054, Email: shristideva_issa@yahoo.com) : Algebric construction and cryptographic properties of Rijndael substution box. Def Sci J 2012, 62(1), 32-7.

Rijndael algorithm was selected as the advanced encryption standard in 2001 after five year long security evaluation; it is well proven in terms of its strength and efficiency. The substitution box is the back bone of the cipher and its strength lies in the simplicity of its algebraic construction. The present paper is a study of the construction of Rijndael Substitution box and the effect of varying the design components on its cryptographic properties.

2 tables, 26 ref

019932   Shri Kant (NO, Joint Cipher Bureau, Delhi-110 054, Email: shrikant.ojha@gmail.com) : Classification models for symmetric key cryptosystem identification. Def Sci J 2012, 62(1), 38-45.

The present paper deals with the basic principle and theory behind prevalent classification models and their judicious application for symmetric key cryptosystem identification. These techniques have been implemented and verified on varieties of known and simulated data sets. After establishing the techniques the problems of cryptosystem identification have been addressed.

7 illus, 29 ref

019931   Shri Kant (Defence R&D Dep, , Metcalfe House, Delhi-110 054) : Cryptology and communication security. Def Sci J 2012, 62(1), 3-5.

3 ref

019930   Saha B;Sharma S (NO, Institute for Studies and Analyses, Delhi-110 054, Email: babloo.saha@gmail.com) : Steganographic technique of data hiding using digital images. Def Sci J 2012, 62(1), 11-18.

Steganography is an art that involves communication of secret data in an appropriate carrier, e.g., image, audio, video or TCP/IP header file. Steganography's goal is to hide the very existence of embedded data so as not to arouse an eavesdropper's suspicion. For hiding secret data in digital images, large varieties of steganographic techniques are available, some are more complex than others, and all of them have their respective pros and cons. Steganography has various useful applications and the technique employed depends on the requirements of the application to be designed for. For instance, applications may require absolute invisibility of the secret data, larger secret data to be hidden or high degree of robustness of the carrier. This paper intends to give thorough understanding and evolution of different existing digital image Steganography techniques of data hiding in spatial, transform and compression domains. It covers and integrates recent research work without going in to much detail of steganalysis, which is the art and science of defeating Steganography.

^iia10 illus, 44 ref

019929   Rajput G;Agrawal R K;Aggarwal N (NO, Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, New Delhi-110 067, Email: gauravrajput1@gmail.com) : Performance evaluation of exponential discriminant analysis with feature selection for steganalysis. Def Sci J 2012, 62(1), 19-24.

The performance of supervised learning-based seganalysis depends on the choice of both classifier and features which represent the image. Features extracted from images may contain irrelevant and redundant features which makes them inefficient for machine learning. Relevant features not only decrease the processing time to train a classifier but also provide better generalisation. Linear discriminant classifier which is commonly used for classification may not be able to classify in better way non-linearly separable data. Recently, exponential discriminant analysis, a variant of linear discriminant analysis (LDA), is proposed which transforms the scatter matrices to a new space by distance diffusion mapping. This provides exponential discriminant analysis (EDA) much more discriminant power to classify non-linearly separable data and helps in improving classification accuracy in comparison to LDA. In this paper, the performance of EDA in conjunction with feature selection methods has been investigated. For feature selection, Kullback divergence, Chernoff distance measures and linear regression measures are used to determine relevant features from higher-order statistics of images. The performance is evaluated in terms classification error and computation time. Experimental results show that exponential discriminate analysis in conjunction with linear regression significantly performs better in terms of both classification error and compilation time of training classifier.

1 illus, 3 tables, 23 ref

019928   Maitra S;Sarkar S (NO, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata-700 018, Email: subho@isical.ac.in) : On deterministic polynomial-time equivalence of computing the CRT-RSA secret keys and factoring. Def Sci J 2012, 62(2), 122-6.

Let N = pq be the product of two large primes. Consider Chinese remainder theorem-Rivest, Shamir, Adleman (CRT-RSA) with the public encryption exponent e and private decryption exponents d_p, d_q. It is well known that given any one of d_p or d_q (or both) one can factorise N in probabilistic poly(log N) time with success probability almost equal to 1. Though this serves all the practical purposes, from theoretical point of view, this is not a deterministic polynomial, time algorithm. In this paper, we present a lattice-based deterministic poly(log N) time algorithm that uses both -d_p, d_q (in addition to the public information e, N) to factorise N for certain ranges of d_p, d_q. Like to stress that proving the equivalence for all the values of d_p, d_q may be a nontrivial task.

3 tables, 19 ref

019927   Garga G;Das S;Nandy S K;Narayan R;Haldar C; Jagtap M P;Dash S P (NO, Morphing Machines Pvt Ltd., Bengaluru, Email: ganesh.garga@morphingmachines.com) : Flexible crypto-system based upon the redefine polymorphic ASIC architecture. Def Sci J 2012, 62(1), 25-31.

The highest levels of security can be achieved through the use of more than one type of cryptographic algorithm for each security function. In this paper, the REDEFINE polymorphic architecture is presented as an architecture framework that can optimally support a varied set of crypto algorithms without losing high performance. The presented solution is capable of accelerating the advanced encryption standard (AES) and elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) cryptographic protocols, while still supporting different flavors of these algorithms as well as different underlying finite field sizes. The compelling feature of this cryptosystem is the ability to provide acceleration support for new field sizes as well as new (possibly proprietary) cryptographic algorithms decided upon after the cryptosystem is deployed.

5 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

019926   Aswani Kumar;Bhargavi K;Jalota G (NO, Vellore Institute of Technology Univ, Vellore-632 014, Email: cherukuri@acm.org) : Note on implementing recurrence quantification analysis for network anomaly detection. Def Sci J 2012, 62(2), 112-16.

This paper deal with the network anomaly detection, based on the analysis of non-stationary properties that occur in the aggregated IP traffic flows. We use recurrence quantification analysis (RQA), a mathematical nonlinear technique to achieve this task. The objective is to model the standard network traffic and report any deviation from it. We create a baseline from which we derive the RQA parameters. Using these parameters we explore the hidden recurrence patterns in the network traffic. Further, the detection is analysed using the support vector machine to classify the deviations from the regular traffic. Experiments are conducted on Vellore Institute of Technology University campus network traffic data to validate the model.

7 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref

018922   Solanki A;Ela Kumar (NO, School of ICT, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, Email: ymca.arun@gmail.com) : Design and development of web based fuzzy expert system for diseases diagnosis in horticulture sector - a case study of flower rose. J Comput Technol Applic 2013, 4(1), 5-16.

Internet provides a platform for research and development of intelligent software applications. Suggests a new approach for inculcating intelligence in the computational system for diagnosis of diseases in plants of horticulture domain. A web-based expert system is designed and developed. The need of horticulturists changes according to region of a country so it is very necessary to update knowledge base according to requirement of horticulturists of that region. The horticulturists have different queries according to domain. So in view of this problem, a knowledge management platform is introduced which help the horticulturist to find the solutions of their queries. A Framework using Knowledge management is devised and implemented. A previously proposed model for information mining from internet has been shortened into this platform to make it richer in knowledge base. This expert system works on the principle of a new fuzzy logic approach using Euclidean distance method. The expert system also incorporates new feature that improve the presently existing expert systems. The additional features are development of knowledge management platform, static and dynamic knowledge base, audio based GUI and video guidance interface. At last a case study of flower rose is discussed.

17 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

018921   Senthil Kumar N (NO, School of Information Technology and Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, Email: senthilkumar.n@vit.ac.in) : Improving efficiency of the focused web crawler by link score calculation. J Comput Technol Applic 2013, 4(1), 17-23.

Overwhelming size of the Web enables continuous support and recurring update of Web based information retrieval systems. The Crawler can narrow down the entire process to allow the hyperlinks in Web pages to download a part view of the Web. Meanwhile few systems absolutely depend on crawlers that exclusively crawls the web, and extract the topic specific collections. A focused crawler has the tendency to accumulate particular topics and target to gather relevant segments but not to consume resources on irrelevant material. The sole objective of the focused crawler is to fetch the maximal set of relevant and quality pages. In the proposed approach, the classifier task is to categorize the unvisited URL based on visited URLs attribute score and eliminating the unvisited URLs which are not relevant to the specific domain.

3 illus, 12 ref

018920   Khan T A;Beg M T;Khan M A (Electrical Communication Engineering Dep, Al-Falah School of Engineering and Technology, Dhauj, Faridabad-121 004, Email: khan_taz@yahoo.com) : Quality of service in 802.11e wireless LAN using distributed adaptive algorithm. Invertis J Sci Technol 2012, 5(1), 54-64.

Wireless communication systems either ad hoc or infrastructure mode are the key challenges that must be overcome to realize the practical benefits of Quality of Service (QoS). The ability of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) to support real-time services is possible with QoS. To improve the QoS, the original IEEE Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol is enhanced to IEEE 802.11e standard. Enhancements have been shown to effectively improve latency and throughput in 802.11e networks. A distributed adaptive algorithm allows 802.11e networks to deliver dynamic prioritization without the aid of a central coordinator. The adaptive algorithm provides QoS to high priority data.

018919   Bilandi N;Verma H K (Computer Science and Technology Dep, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Email: naveenbilandi77@gmail.com) : Performance analysis of AODV, OLSR and GRP routing protocols in MANET. J Comput Technol Applic 2013, 4(1), 29-36.

Aims to compare performance of three routing protocols for Mobile Ad-Hoc networks (MANET's). A Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes forming a temporary network without using any centralized access point, infrastructure, or centralized administration. In the study, a comparison of reactive routing protocol i.e., Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV), proactive routing protocol i.e., Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) and hybrid routing protocol i.e., gathering-based routing protocol (GRP) has been made on the basis of throughput, delay and network load with increasing in number of nodes in the network. Authors have used OPNET Simulator from Scalable Networks to perform the simulations. Three routing protocols are being analysed on the above mentioned parameters and it can be concluded that OLSR performs remarkably better than AODV and GRP on prevailing node increasing in the network.

8 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

018918   Bhojani S H;Patel A R (NO, Anand Agriculture University, Anand, Gujarat, Email: shitalbhojani@aau.in) : Information technology: an arising concept in agriculture sector. J Comput Technol Applic 2013, 4(1), 24-8.

Agriculture sector plays predominant role in economy of India. Information Technology is an important branch in the field of agriculture as it provides support to the farming community. Agriculture is the backbone of agro industries. IT contributing one third to the national GDP in the Indian economy. Under the changing dynamics of economical and industrial growth, agriculture has to experience changes with new approaches. The agricultural sector has to suffer because of lake of information of new technologies to the farmers and also communication gap between farmers and the researchers. Some problems, regarding Indian farming are how to produce, what to produce, when to produce and where to produce. A quick solution can bring about these problems is only using Information Technology in Agricultural. In present century, world facing problem of fluctuating climate, agricultural losses, forecast productivity, food classification, etc. Now, Government start to emphasis to develop agriculture as an industry and promoting new technologies in the field of agriculture like computer technology and its application in agriculture field, GPS, GIS, remote sensing technology, Micro irrigation Technology, CEA (Control Environment Agriculture), KDD (Knowledge Discovery Database), IVR (Interactive voice response) system through which scientist can provide information speedily and accurately to the farmers. Because of all these reasons Information Technology plays a vital role in Agriculture. Information Technology is helping to exchange the information in fast and easiest way. IT reduces the distance and the difference between the nations and world becoming a global village.

1 illus, 7 ref

018917   Amit Kumar;Rai D;Sharma A;Mishra R N (NO, , 228/32, North Civil Line Saket, Muzaffarnagar-251 001, Email: amit_bio80@yahoo.com) : Content-based image retrieval: a novel technique in plant taxonomy. Adv Pl Sci 2012, 25(1), 251-4.

Plant recognition is an important and challenging task. Leaf identification plays an important role in plant recognition and its key lies in whether selected features are stable and have good ability to discriminate different kinds of leaves. The purpose of this study was to develop a computer aided software technique for the correct, quick, easy and authentic identification of medicinal plants and their parts. From the view of plant leaf morphology (such as shape, and color), domain-related visual features of plant leaf are analyzed and extracted. On that basis, an approach for recognizing plant leaf using software using Content-based Image Retrieval (CBIR) system was developed and tested for the identification of the medicinal plants and their parts (leaves). Experiment results proved the effectiveness and superiority of this method over the conventional methods. The prototype system has been implemented.

13 ref