002119   Paul P K;Sarangi B B;Karn B;Shivraj K S; Chowdhry S;Rai R (IJISA, GR Publication, New Delhi, Email: prantoshkpaul@gmail.com) : Information and knowledge professional: issues and overview in today's it age emphasizing manpower development programme in India. Int J Comp Applic 2012, 7(2), 71-7.

Now a days the information and knowledge professionals or workers are responsible for keeping relevant information, which supports the work of individuals. There is enough scope for today's IT savvy knowledge workers in all types of organization and establishments. Here in this article we define information and knowledge workers, their need, changing roles, types of education programmes available for them. Observed a need of model curricula for them. Also states the kind of information professional engaged in Indian establishments emphasizing their habituated nature depending upon scope, trends and kind of organizations and discuss the phenomenon of information technologies and applications to them.

2 illus, 19 ref

002118   Parthiban S;Amuthan A (Computer Science Dep, Pondicherry Univ, Puducherry, Email: anuthan@pec.edu) : Multicast security issues in RSGM. Int J Comp Applic 2012, 7(2), 79-88.

In the presence of malicious nodes, one of the main challenges in MANETs is to design a novel, scalable and robust Geographic Multicast Protocol (RSGM) that can protect MANETs from various routing attacks. The vulnerabilities in the RSGM protocol were explored and various attacks like black hole, wormhole and flooding attack are simulated. Several virtual architectures are used in the protocol without need of maintaining state information for more robust and scalable membership management and packet forwarding in the presence of high network dynamics due to unstable wireless channels and node movements. Specifically, scalable and efficient group membership management is performed through a virtualzone-based structure, and the location service for group members is integrated with the membership management. Both the control messages and data packets are forwarded along efficient tree-like paths, but there is no need to explicitly create and actively maintain a tree structure. The stateless virtual tree-based structures significantly reduce the tree management overhead, support more efficient transmissions, and make the transmissions much more robust to dynamics. Geographic forwarding is used to achieve scalability and robustness. Differences mechanisms have been proposed using various techniques to countermeasure the routing attack against MANETs. However, these mechanisms are not suitable for MANETs resource constraints. In a mobile scenario, mesh based protocols outperformed tree-based protocols. The availability of alternate routes provided robustness and scalability. The different routing attacks, such as flooding, black hole and wormhole are simulated using N52.28 version and efficient proactive counter measure is provided using HMAC function which would lead to a drastic change is performance metric like packet delivery ratio, control overhead and end to end delay which is used to prove that the proposed solution was efficient and robust.

12 illus, 1 table, 19 ref

002117   Parida M;Mohanty S (Computer Science & Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela-769 008, Email: mousumiparida87@gmail.com) : A blind secure short signature scheme based upon biometric security. Int J Comp Applic 2011, 6(1), 21-5.

Presents a short signature scheme whose security is based upon two computationally hard problems, namely, discrete logarithm problem (DLP) and Integer factorization problem (IFP). In this scheme, biometric feature values of the signer are used to compute biometric cryptographic key, which is further used in signature generation. As biometric data is unique to a person, the signature cannot be forged. Authors use the blind si nature scheme for getting a signature from the signer without revealing any information about its contents. The security of blind signature is basically defined by two properties blind;ness and unforgeability. Also the length of the signature is short, which helps to reduce communication overhead. The verification cost of the proposed scheme is low, thus applicable in real life scenarios, such as e-voting, e-cash and e-commerce.

3 illus, 9 ref

002116   Narendira Kumar V K;Srinivasan B (Information Technology Dep, Gobi Arts & Science College, Govichettipalayam-638 453, Email: kumarmcagobi@yahoo.com) : Border crossing security and privacy in electronic passport authentication scheme using multiple biometrics identification technology. Int J Comp Applic 2012, 7(2), 89-1000.

Electronic passports (e-passports) are to prevent the illegal entry of traveller into a specific country and limit the use of counterfeit documents by more accurate identification of an individual. The e-passport, as it is sometimes called, represents a bold initiative in the deployment of two new technologies: cryptography security and biometrics (face, fingerprints, palm prints and iris). A passport contains the important personal information of holder such as photo, name, date of birth and place, nationality, date of issue, date of expiry, authority and so on. The goal of the adoption of the electronic passport is not only to expedite processing at border crossings, but also to increase security. The paper explores the privacy and security implications of this impending worldwide experiment in biometrics authentication technology.

1 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

002115   Naik S S;Dighavkar C G (NO, , Computer Science, Ashoka Universal School, Email: sayli2087@gmail.com) : Services provided by cloud computing and various issues related with it. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2012, 1(10), 208-15.

The aim of this paper is to introduce the cloud to users and provide the various services provided by the cloud computing such as software as a service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). Also the aim of this paper is to discuss the various issues related with the cloud computing such as issues related to sign up for the cloud, issues related with the security of data, cloud computing implies loss of control, where's the data, who has access etc.

28 ref

002114   Khedar J S;Loura A (Computer Science and Engineering Dep, Thapar Univ, Patiala, Email: jitendra.khedar@gmail.com) : Rule based normalisation of regular expression. Curr Trends Inf Technol 2013, 3(2), 16-20.

Regular expression is a specific pattern that provides the concise and flexible way to match strings of text. It is useful in the data validation, internet search engine, production of the syntax highlighting system, extract a substring from a string, etc. In this paper, the concept of un-normalized and normalized regular expression is discussed. An unnormalized regular expression(r) can be converted into normalized regular expression (r') having the property |r'| ≤ |r|. A methodology has been proposed for the conversion of an un-normalized regular expression to normalized regular expression. The proposed methodology has been implemented in the Java language.

1 illus, 5 tables, 9 ref

002113   Jindal I;Sekhon G S (NO, Yadavindra College of Engineering, PUGKC, Talwandi Sabo, Email: ishajindal@gmail.com ) : Ambiguities in symmetric objects at 5° calibration. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2012, 1(10), 72-8.

This paper shows the ambiguities generated in Symmetric Objects by using 2D images at calibration of 5ρ angles. The goal of these results is to show the ambiguities in 3D graphical models of real objects mostly in Symmetric and present the work done based on Eigen values and Eigen vectors. The main contribution of the paper is that it describes a complete, end-to-end system explained in detail based upon symmetric and Asymmetric Objects. Based on a multi-images calibration, an algorithm is designed to extract the common features of the images. Furthermore, this can be extended to estimate robustly the initial Eigen values of the object to be modeled. This algorithm has a simpler visibility check. Besides, in order to construct the appearance, we use the application of images based rendering. The reconstruction results are shown on two type of objects.

8 illus, 12 ref

002112   Jain G K;Verma M (Computer Science & Information Technology Dep, Regional College for Education Research and Technology, Jaipur, Email: gaurav.rinkujain.jain@gmail.com) : Comparison of powerVM and X86-based virtualization performance. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2012, 1(10), 152-62.

Virtualization has moved to the forefront of many organizations' IT agendas, because it reduces both the number of physical servers required and the associated costs. This independent study by the International Technology group found IBM PowerVM more cost-competitive over time, compared to VMware, in terms of IT costs and the costs of downtime.

8 illus, 8 tables, 10 ref

002111   Jain G K;Bhardwaj D (NO, Regional College for Education Research and Technology, c, Email: gaurav.rinkujain.jain@gmail.com) : Threat modeling for secure embedded software. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2012, 1(10), 108-14.

As embedded software becomes more ubiquitous and connected - powering everything from home appliances and cars to aircraft and mission-critical systems - organizations must take additional steps to ensure that the code produced is both secure and reliable. Embedded software, however, presents a unique set of challenges for application development and engineering teams. To combat embedded software threats, teams are turning to strategies such as threat modeling, static analysis and penetration testing to secure their embedded code.

2 illus, 9 ref

002110   Harini R;Chandarasekar C (NO, Periyar Univ, Salem) : Implementing bayesian classifiers for sigmented image classification. Int J Comp Applic 2012, 7(2), 59-66.

Medical image Classification generally plays an imperative task in diagnostic and education purposes in medicine. Medical images figure out a crucial section of a patient's fitness record and are connected with exploitation, processing and managing of data by computers. For these functions diverse imaging modalities are employed to enhance the image processing scheme. There are many classifications formed for remedial images utilizing both color and grey-scale medical images. The previous work described the process of medical image segmentation using nearest neighbor classifiers based on kernel formation of medical images. The purposeful intention minimization is carried out by two steps minimization in image segmentation using graph cut methods, and constant point computation. But the problem is that the image classification is not so effective based on the classes present in the given medical image. To overcome the above said problem, in this paper, we are going to implement a Bayesian classifier for classifying the image based on classes presents in the section. Before classification, the given image is segmented using nearest neighbor classifiers which segments the image with high performance. Then the segmented image classification is done based on its classes and processes using Bayesian classifiers. An experimental evaluation is carried out to estimate the performance of the proposed implementing Bayesian classifiers for segmented image classification system [IBCSI] in terms of segmentation, number of classes, classification efficiency and compared the results with an existing nearest neighbor classifier method.

6 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

002109   Gupta N;Bhati R (NO, Jagannath Univ, Jaipur, Email: bhatiraja@gmail.com) : Reducing power consumption in database management system. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2012, 1(10), 239-44.

Query processing task consumed energy in Database management system. This power consumption must be pay attention because it affects environmental factors. Presented an approach that can be used to directly manage the power consumption. Query processing in Database management system at voltage also. DBMS and MySQL, can reduce the processor power consumption of the original consumption while increasing the response time. On MySQL, power consumption can reduce with a few response time increases. Also reveals some research issue in the area of efficient data processing.

18 ref

002108   Goyal H;Jasbir Kour E (Bhai Maha Singh College of Engineering, , Muktsar, Punjab) : Design method of open source software. Int J Comp Applic 2011, 6(1), 75-82.

Free/Open Source software is a kind of software whose source code is available for comprehension, modification and re-distribution. This kind of software has increased in popularity in recent years and becoming an interesting topic for research. Most Free/Open Source software is produced through the facilitation of Free/ Open Source Hosting (FOSPHost) sites and investigations into these sites may yield results that have theoretical and practical significance. Open source software is becoming the most interesting 'new' phenomenon of the entire information technology landscape, generating a level of interest similar to that of the first moments of the Internet The study of the possibilities and limits of open source software at the enterprise is the main concern. The research work analyzes the history of the open source movement, describes the open source community and collaboration model, analyzes the open source development process, describes business models based on open source software, analyzes possible cost savings and presents case studies of popular open source projects. Recommendations are presented, how companies and organizations might benefit from open source software and in which cases it should be avoided, because the hidden costs will not payoff the license costs savings. The impact of open source technology is expected to be quite noticeable in the software industry, and in society as a whole. It allows for novel development models, which have already been demonstrated to be especially well suited to efficiently take advantage of the work of developers spread across all corners of the planet.

4 illus, 1 table, 23 ref

002107   Das A;Ghosh A;Ghosh T K;Ray H (Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, , Plot-E-2/1, Sector V, Block GP, Bidhannagar, Kolkata-700 091, Email: amritasu.das@cdackolkata.in ) : Portable electronic nose for tea aroma detection. Int J Comp Applic 2011, 6(1), 39-43.

The identification of tea quality depends on the following parameters like, flavor, aroma, color, and strength. Conventionally the Tea quality parameters are quantified in a scale of 1 to 10 based on human senses by some professional human experts called "tea tasters". This paper is based on the development of portable electronic nose for tea aroma detection based on 16-bit microcontroller platform. This paper includes the description of selective sensor for tea aroma detection, study of signal conditioning and interfacing of sensor array with the microcontroller, Data Acquisition from an array of sensor, Mathematical Analysis of data & implementation algorithm, Architectural specification of the microcontroller and proposed System Design based on 16 bit rnicrocontroller platform. The computational model has been developed is based on Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), 2-Norm Calculation and correlative data analysis with respect to the taster's score trained to the system.

6 illus, 2 tables, 6 ref

002106   Bhardwaj K L;Bhardwaj D (Humanities & Social Sciences Dep, Institute of Engineering & Technology, MIA, Alwar, Email: bhardwajk00@gmail.com) : How can change window 8 the entire world. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2012, 1(10), 223-8.

Modern widget come with an address book or contact list because the people we acquaint and share with are so important to how we use those widgets. Email, texting, phone and video calls, social updates and comments - these are but a few of the people-based activities we do with the phones, PCs, and tablets we use every day. Windows 8 meet this primordial need with a new kind of contact experience: the People app. The People app in Windows 8 is a modern take on the flat contact lists of the past-it's built for the way you acquaint today, and it's connected to the cloud services you already use. The People app connects to your email and social accounts, bringing together all your contacts (and what they're up to) in one accessible place. Windows 8 Consumer Preview users have already used the People app millions of times and received millions of social notifications on its live tiles.

7 ref

002105   Bhardwaj A;Garg A;Gupta D (NO, Sobhasaria Engineering College, Sikar) : Graphical password authentication scheme through encryption. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2012, 1(10), 37-9.

Password in authentication system is supporting users for reliable communication. A system which is providing the secured communication pathways across a unsecured network without lacking the security at any level. So researcher goes for graphical environment for generating the password. Graphical password system uses the graphics, images for generating the password. There are various virtual and graphical environments present in the market but mostly are still immature because they are not providing the security with already created password. Therefore, this project merges a graphical environment for generation of password. Using a graphical password, users click on images rather than type alphanumeric characters. Here this password is again encrypted for providing double security. Attacks like bruteforce attack and dictionary attack, keylogger attack can be successfully abolishing using this method.

5 ref

002104   Arora P;Bhalla V (Computer Science and Engineering Dep, Thapar Univ, Patiala, Email: pcool2007@gmail.com) : Development of semantic ontology for tourism information using protege. Curr Trends Inf Technol 2013, 3(2), 11-5.

World Wide Web is widely used as a medium for information exchange but due to non semantic nature of HTML its application is limited. The current web can only display information in a simple manner. Researchers are working on the extension of the World Wide Web which will be intelligent and enable us to exchange content with the applications and websites. Target of Semantic web research is to allow automated tools and humans to effectively exploit web accessible information. Ontologies have been suggested to play an important role in knowledge sharing, by providing formal conceptual definitions of data. Protege is a most popular tool for developing and editing ontologies. Protege is a Java based open source ontology editor and knowledge-base framework. Ontologies in Protege can be developed in various formats like OWL, Resource Description Framework (RDF(S)), and XML Schema. The tourism information ontology is becoming a core research field in the realm of information retrieval [I]. This paper explains the potential role of constructing a web based ontology of tourism information domain using Protege.

5 illus, 10 ref

001058   Ritu Bala (CS Dep, F.C. College for Women, Hisar, Haryana) : Data warehouse: an overview. Int J Sci Engng Comput Technol 2013, 3(1-2), 38-40.

Data ware housing is a booming industry with many interesting research problem. The data warehouse is concentrated on only few aspects. Also discussing about the overview of data warehouse. Let's look at various approaches to the data ware house design and usage process and the steps involved, architecture, need, advantages. Data-driven decision support systems, such as data warehouses can serve the requirement of extraction of information from more than one subject area. Data warehouses can provide the information required by the decision makers.

2 illus, 8 ref

001057   Parul;Singh P (Computer Science and Engineering Dep, PDM College of Engineering, Bahadurgarh, Haryana) : GEAR protocol optimizations for intra-cluster commuication in WSNs for reduced energy consumption. Int J Sci Engng Comput Technol 2013, 3(1-2), 46-9.

Wireless sensor networks consist of a number of sensing nodes which are distributed in a wide area. They sense an event occurring in the environment and these sensing nodes are distributed or placed according to the requirements of the application. As sensor nodes arc deployed in an area where replacement of batteries is not an easy task because of their critical locations e.g. battle surveillance, energy is a critical issue for sensor nodes in WSNs. Each sensor node is consuming some energy with different communication operations. If no external energy provided to it, a sensor can be dead as it participate for long time in the communication. Thus main aim of proposed study is to conserve and balance energy of nodes. The proposed work is to apply the routing algorithm named Global Best Path (GBP) for WSNs based on geographical and energy aware routing (GEAR) for inter-cluster communication as well as for intra-cluster communication. End to end delay and packet delivery ratio are calculated using numerical terms and energy consumption by nodes is shown with the help of graph. The proposed work will improve the efficiency even in case of congested network and improve the network life.

5 illus, 14 ref

001056   Mallesham K;Madhukar E;Reddy A O (ETDC, STQC, Kamala Nagar, Hyderabad, Email: malleshamk@gmail.com) : GNU/LINUX based free software for automation of a calibration laboratory. Mfg Technol Today 2012, 11(4), 23-6.

Automation of a calibration laboratory using Free Software (GNU/LINUX). Free Software is one which gives freedom to the user to run the program, access and modify the source code according to ones needs. This paper describes the process of automation of a calibration laboratory using Free Software. Using this software the laboratory management as per ISO 17025, and calibration process automation can be achieved, which will lead to a paperless calibration laboratory management.

4 illus, 23 ref

001055   Mallesh T V;Prakash S M;Prasanna Kumar L; Jayaramappa N (Civil Engineering Dep, Sri Siddhartha Institute of Technology, Tumkur, Karnataka) : Prediction of water quality dependent parametrs using artificial neural network. Pollut Res 2010, 29(3), 461-9.

Deals with the application of Artificial neural network for the prediction of water quality dependent parameters such as distance, temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, depth of water, chlorides, phosphates, nitrates, biochemical oxygen demand, total kheldhal nitrogen, fecal coliform, total coliform, fecal Steptococci, before and after the domestic waste mixing zone river Kabini tributary to Cuavery at Nanjanagud, Mandya district (Karnataka, India). The ANN predicted values of water qualities are closure to the actual measured values and laboratory tested values. In this paper authors have taken about 150 actual measured and laboratory tested values. For predictions of values using ANN, input and outputs parameters, learning rate parameters, error tolerance, number of cycles (iterations) to reduce the randomly assigned weights are required, to give input to these values, the actual measured and laboratory tested values are used, the learning rate parameter is 0.85, error tolerance is 0.001 and 6000 number of cycles have been chosen. The ANN pattern chosen is 11-12-12-3 (eleven neuron in input layer, two hidden layers of twelve neuron each and three neuron in output layer). Back propagation algorithm has been used to train the network, and delta rule is used to adjust the weights and to reduce the errors. The network predicted values, measured and laboratory tested values as shown in tables and graphs.

9 illus, 4 tables, 11 ref

001054   Kaushik S;Rawat U S;Rajiv Kumar (NO, Singhania Univ, Rajasthan) : Reliability modeling of a cloud system with independent H/W and S/W failure subject to maximum operation and repair times with regenerative point technique. Int J Sci Engng Comput Technol 2013, 3(1-2), 30-4.

In this paper reliability and economic measures of a cloud system having independent h/w and s/w failure. For this purpose, a reliability model is developed considering cloud system as a single unit. A perfect server is provided to do preventive maintenance, repair and replacement of the components upon their failures immediately, can not leave the system during job. After a maximum operation time the unit undergoes for preventive maintenance directly from normal mode. If repair of the component is not possible up to a pre-specific time (called Maximum Repair Time), the components are replaced by new one with some replacement time. However, only replacement of the software components by new one is made after failures. The failure time of the components follow negative exponential distribution, while the distributions of preventive maintenance, repair and replacement time are taken as arbitrary with different probability density functions. The switches are perfect. Various reliability indices are obtained using semi-Markov process and regenerative point technique. Graphs are drawn for a particular case to depict the behavior of MTSF, availability and profit function.

4 illus, 10 ref

001053   Hemalatha J;Palani Kumar R;Ramasamy K (CSE, P.S.R. Engineering College, Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu) : KNN based power efficiency in wireless sensor networks. Int J Sci Engng Comput Technol 2013, 3(1-2), 1-3.

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a network composed of a large number of nodes that sense, collect, transmit, and deliver data to where it is needed. It involves set of isolated urban areas covered by sensor nodes (SNs) monitoring environmental parameters. Mobile sinks are mounted upon urban vehicles with fixed trajectories (e.g., buses) providing the ideal infrastructure to effectively retrieve sensory data from such isolated WSN fields. Existing approaches with single hop transfer of data from SN that lie within MS range and heavy involvement of network periphery nodes. In Existing Mobicluster Protocol used with Rendezvous sensor nodes for minimizing the overall network overhead and energy expenditure. This protocol use fixed MS track that have no special focus on amount of data that leads to very long delivery delay. Our proposed protocol KNN employs dynamic path selection which is very flexible increases energy reliably and efficiently compared to the previous approach. Hence this protocol aims at achieving overall network overhead reduction, energy consumption and prolonged network lifetime.

4 illus, 5 ref

001052   Bala R (Computer Science Dep, F.C. College for Women, Hisar, Haryana) : Detection and prevention of intrusion in MANET. Int J Sci Engng Comput Technol 2013, 3(1-2), 24-5.

This paper represent review on Intrusion Detection System (IDS) for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) whose aim is to aware the mobile users about different types of attack in the wireless mobile Ad-hoc network. Applications of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) are increasing rapidly. However, MANET is susceptible to attacks due to its mobile nature. The security issue is becoming a major concern in the applications of MANET; therefore, selection of intrusion detection methods is especially important for MANET applications.

^iia1 illus, 7 ref

000051   Vimal S P;Thiruvikraman P K (NO, Birla Institute of Technology & Science (BITS), Pilani-333 031, Email: thiru@bits-hyderabad.ac.in) : Automated image enhancement using power law transformations. Sadhana 2012, 37(6), 739-45.

Author proposes a scheme for automating power law transformations which are used for image enhancement. The scheme Proposed does not require the user to choose the exponent in the power law transformation. This method works well for images having poor contrast, especially to those images in which the peaks corresponding to the background and the foreground are not widely separated.

8 illus, 6 ref

000050   Usha Rani N;Girija P N (Computer and Information Sciences Dep, Hyderabad Univ, Hyderabad-500 046, Email: usha552@yahoo.com) : Error analysis to improve the speech recognition accuracy on telugu language. Sadhana 2012, 37(6), 747-61.

Speech is one of the most important communication channels among the people. Speech Recognition occupies a prominent place in communication between the humans and machine. Several factors affect the accuracy of the speech recognition system. Much effort was involved to increase the accuracy of the speech recognition system, still erroneous output is generating in current speech recognition systems. Telugu language is one of the most widely spoken south Indian languages. In the proposed Telugu speech recognition system, errors obtained from decoder are analysed to improve the performance of the speech recognition system. Static pronunciation dictionary plays a key role in the speech recognition accuracy. Modification should be performed in the dictionary, which is used in the decoder of the speech recognition system. This modification reduces the number of the confusion pairs which improves the performance of the speech recognition system. Language model scores are also varied with this modification. Hit rate is considerably increased during this modification and false alarms have been changing during the modification of the pronunciation dictionary. Variations are observed in different error measures such as F-measures, error-rate and Word Error Rate (WER) by application of the proposed method.

8 illus, 18 tables, 9 ref

000049   Subashini G;Bhuvaneswari M C (Information Technology Dep, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore-641 004, Email: suba@ity.psgtech.ac.in) : Comparison of multi-objective evolutionary approaches for task scheduling in distributed computing systems. Sadhana 2012, 37(6), 675-94.

Parallel and distributed systems play an important part in the improvement of high performance computing. In these type of systems task scheduling is a key issue in achieving high performance of the system. In general, task scheduling problems have been shown to be NP-hard. As deterministic techniques consume much time in solving the problem, several heuristic methods are attempted in obtaining optimal solutions. This paper presents an application of Elitist Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) and a Non-dominated Sorting Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (NSPSO) to schedule independent tasks in a distributed system comprising of heterogeneous processors. The problem is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem, aiming to obtain schedules achieving minimum makespan and flowtime. The applied algorithms generate Pareto set of global optimal solutions for the considered multi-objective scheduling problem. The algorithms are validated against a set of benchmark instances arid the performance of the algorithms evaluated using standard metrics. Experimental results and performance measures infer that NSGA-II produces quality schedules compared to NSPSO.

7 illus, 7 tables, 24 ref

000048   Raghav Y S;Varshney R;Ali I;Bari A (Statistics & Operations Research Dep, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, Email: yash.stats@gmail.com) : Global programming and lexicographic goal programming approaches in Bi-objective stratified sampling: an integer solution. Int J Computnl Intell Theor Pract 2012, 7(1), 21-6.

Considered the problem of allocation for stratified random sampling where the two objectives are to be attained. The problem is solved by goal programming. Also we have solved the problem using the preemptive goal programming. A numerical example is also given to illustrate the computational details.

1 table, 9 ref

000047   Parteek Kumar;Sharma R K (Computer Science and Engineering Dep, Thapar Univ, Patiala-147 001, Email: parteek.bhatia@thapar.edu) : Punjabi to UNL enconversion system. Sadhana 2012, 37(2), 299-318.

Reports the work for the EnConversion of input Punjabi sentences to an interlingua representation called Universal Networking Language (UNL). The UNL system consists of two main components, namely, EnConverter (used for converting the text from a source language to UNL) and DeConverter (used for converting the text from UNL to a target language). This paper discusses the framework for designing the EnConverter for Punjabi language with a special focus on generation of UNL attributes and relations from Punjabi source text. It also describes the working of Punjabi Shallow Parser used for the processing of the input sentence, which performs the tasks of Tokenizer, Morph-analyzer, Part-of-Speech Tagger and Chunker. This paper also considers the seven phases used in the process of EnConversion of input Punjabi text to UNL representation. The paper highlights the EnConversion analysis rules used for the EnConverter and indicates its usage in the generation of UNL expressions. This paper also covers the results of implementation of Punjabi EnConverter and its evaluation on sample UNL sentences available at Spanish Language Server. The accuracy of the developed system has also been presented.

8 illus, 2 tables, 32 ref

000046   Mittal S (Information Techology Dep, Asia-Pacific Institute of Management, New Delhi-110 025, Email: sau275@gmail.com) : Study of lossless data compression tecniques for energy saving. Int J Computnl Intell Theor Pract 2012, 7(1), 53-9.

While sending or receiving the data over network, there is energy consumption, which increases with the volume of data. Specially, in wireless networks, energy is commonly a scarce resource, which should be used as sparingly. It is therefore mandatory to put a focus on the development of energy-efficient applications. It is hence very important to put a focus on the development of energy-efficient applications. In this paper, we analyze the achievable energy gains when data packet payloads are compressed prior to their transmission. The performance and the selection of various algorithms for data transmission is being discussed and we present how local compression of data can be successfully employed to preserve energy. Major focus of the paper is on studying the efficiency of Huffman Coding and Lempel-Ziv Coding algorithms that can prove to be very useful in lossless compression of data for energy efficient transmission.

2 illus, 4 tables, 11 ref

000045   Lavanya A;Natarajan V (Instrumentation Engineering Dep, Madras Institute of Technology, Chennai-600 044, Email: lavanyaananthan@gmail.com) : Watermarking patient data in encrypted medical images. Sadhana 2012, 37(6), 723-9.

In this paper, we propose a method for watermarking medical images for data integrity which consists of image encryption, data embedding and image-recovery phases. Data embedding can be completely recovered from the watermarked image after the watermark has been extracted. In the proposed method, we utilize standard stream cipher for image encryption and selecting non-region of interest tile to embed patient data. We show that the lower bound of the PSNR (peak-signal-to-noise-ratio) values for medical images is about 48 dB. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can embed a large amount of data while keeping high visual quality of test images.

6 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

000044   Kundu S (School of Computer Applications, Lovely Professional Univ, Jalandhar-Delhi GT Road, NH-1, Phagwara, Punjab, Email: shaktikundu@rediffmail.com) : Review of future directions of web mining. Int J Computnl Intell Theor Pract 2012, 7(1), 17-20.

Web Mining is essentially data mining for web data, thus enabling businesses to turn their vast repositories of transactional and website usage data into actionable knowledge that is useful at every level of the enterprise - not just the front-end of an online store. Web mining as the name suggests, it helps in discovering information, human behavior, evolvability of web technology and acting as web analyzer are one of its broad efforts. The objective of this paper is to highlight the future directions of web mining so as to relate this with relevant research work in the field of web mining. One of the approaches of web mining i.e. data-centric view is followed in which web analytics method is used for the mining process. The clustering tool which is one of the good mining method will capture log files as well as a analyze log files which found to be quite useful for the study of web log analysis. The clustering method is not just a tool for measuring web traffic but it can also be used for research based on e-commerce and knowledge-based research which results in widening the scope of web mining. The web data mining will helps both in improving the website and user's response.

2 illus, 13 ref

000043   Hu F;Lukowiak M;Hao Q;Li C;Schab M W;Lopez M;Sun Q;Guo M (Electrical and Computer Engineeering, Alabama Univ, Tuscaloosa, USA, Email: fei@eng.ua.edu) : Medical sensor/IMD signal transmission: towards a low-overhead security. Int J Computnl Intell Theor Pract 2012, 7(1), 1-15.

Work on ultra-low-energy private bio-signal transmission from remote, networked implantable medical devices (IMD) and wearable sensors. Such a tele-healthcare system typically includes a body area network where the IMDs' data are sent to wearable medical sensors until finally reaching a doctor's server. It is important to prevent malicious IMD/sensor data access through communication security schemes. To decrease security energy consumption, we discard conventional value-based encryption, which encrypts each Nyquist sample generated from the sensor. Instead, they propose to use a coefficient-based encryption, which uses a pre-encryption signal transform to convert large amount of medical signals to a small number of projection coefficients. To avoid the impacts of artifacts, we use Hidden Markov Tree (HMT) to organize those coefficients into a tree structure. In the receiver side, the HMT helps to recover the original medical signal. To further reduce encryption energy, they propose to use an optimized NTRU algorithm (named by Ntru Cryptosystems, Inc.) to achieve public/private key generation. Also have implemented NTRU and ECC in medical sensors and compared their security performance. Our ultra-low-energy security for medical signal transmission schemes have significant impacts on today's tele-healthcare systems due to the popularity of tiny IMDs and sensors.

19 illus, 5 tables, 35 ref

000042   Dubey A D;Al-Radei S A (Computer Engineering Dep, IT, BHU) : Artificial neural network based path planning and designing of mobile robot for pick and place task. Int J Computnl Intell Theor Pract 2012, 7(1), 47-52.

One of the most challenging parts in designing of a mobile pick and place robot manipulator has been optimal path planning in presence of obstacles. The designing of the pick and place task oriented mobile robot manipulator has been designed using VPL RAT arm and then a vision based path planning using artificial neural networks has been proposed which is used by the robot manipulator to reach the destination. The path planning of the robot is controlled by a camera which is mounted in the environment to detect the obstacles in the path and uses the neural network to decide the optimum path for the mobile robot to reach the destination.

6 illus, 19 ref

000041   Chouhan R;Pardeshi S (NO, Prestige Institute of Management and Research, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, Email: raksha_chauhan@pimrindore.ac.in) : Anti-phishing measures and strategies against phishing attacks- an overview. Invertis J Sci Technol 2013, 6(3), 182-94.

In the present scenario phishing attacks have become one of the most prevailing of all Internet scams because they can attack globally and capture and store the user's confidential information. This information is used by the attackers which are indirectly involved in the phishing process. According to Statistical data more than 1000 phishing attacks are launched every month and over the last few months phishing attacks have become more effective and complex to track and challenge. Development and awareness towards anti-phishing measures and strategies has become demand of the state of the art. An analysis of the anti-phishing measures taken up to combat with the phishing has been done under this study. This paper explains how phishing works and how it can be combated. Thus through this paper we are throwing tight on phishing process execution, efficiency of available anti-phishing measures and how user can take precautions towards phishing attacks to protect their information.

6 illus, 15 ref

024126   Sudha Rani Y (A.N.U. College of Engineering & Technology, Acharya Nagarjuna Univ, Nagarjuna Nagar-522 510, Email: sudharanidr@yahoomail.com) : Utilisation of internet by engineering students: a survey in Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh. Pearl 2012, 6(3), 149-52.

Main aim of the study is to know the awareness and the use of Internet by the users of engineering colleges in Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh. The findings of the study are that the respondents are using the Internet for a period of 1-2 years, and majority of the female respondents prefer to access the Internet in their own systems, while male respondents prefer to access at cyber cafes. Suggestions have been given by the users for further improvement of Internet services in engineering colleges.

3 tables, 2 ref

024125   Shyama Chandra Prasad G;Govardhan A;Rao T V (NO, JNTUH, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, Email: shyam_gunda2002@yahoo.co.in) : Robust invariant neuro modeling for pattern recognition. Int J Inf Process 2011, 5(1), 48-56.

Object recognition is the prominent area in the field of image processing. The concept of object recognition is based on the features or characters that are identified in the object. The human vision system recognizes the object based on the information stored (trained) in the brain. This same concept is used to recognize an object by computer system. This paper presents a system, which recognizes natural objects and classifies different types of natural objects from given set of samples. Each object has its own distinct features and these features are identified and extracted from the object. The extracted features are color and texture. A neural network model is used to recognize a particular natural sample from a given set. The neural network is trained with all given set of samples and it maintains a database that stores all the values of trained data for further comparison.

14 illus, 3 tables, 14 ref

024124   Shiji S H;Santhosh Kumar G (Computer Science Dep, Cochin Science and Technology Univ, Cochin-682 022, Email: san@cusat.ac.in) : Representation and analysis of DNA sequences using fractal method. Int J Inf Process 2011, 5(1), 33-40.

Fractal representation of DNA sequences help in understanding long/short range correlations and similarity/dissimilarity analysis of coding/ noncoding regions of sequences. Two of the most important properties of fractals are self-similarity and non-integer dimension. The fractal properties of DNA sequences are analyzed by mapping nucleotide sequences using CGR method. Self-similar fractal properties of Serotonin receptor 2A sequence is analyzed for various species. Using classical box-counting, Higuchi and Gate's Manhattan method, fractal dimension is also calculated. There are significant fluctuations in dimension in various regions of the DNA sequence. Complexity of the sequence can be related to the fractal dimension, this is observed from the box-counting method. The Higuchi and Gate method is useful to compare two sequences based on difference in fractal dimension.

5 illus, 2 tables, 23 ref

024123   Sharma Y;Sharma A (NO, Jagannath Gupta Institute of Engineering & Technology, Jaipur, Email: yogesh.jnit@gmail.com) : Impact of local area network and their applications in library and information services. Pearl 2012, 6(3), 139-42.

Local Area Networks (LANs), which are defined as a collection of computers interconnected within a limited geographical area, such as a home, school, college, computer laboratory and library building, have been used since the inception of networking concept to improve library facilities. Though, Information Communication Technology ICT advancement has given the advantage of accessing information in networked environment through wide area network, but the applications of LANs are still relevant for the libraries. This paper gives a basic introduction of LANs and their usage in library and information science.

1 illus, 12 ref

024122   Rajaram A;Palaniswami S (NO, Anna Univ, Coimbatore) : Malicious node detection and mitigation mechanism for mobile Ad hoc networks. Int J Inf Process 2011, 5(1), 64-71.

Author developed a trust based security protocol based on a cross-layer approach which attains confidentiality and authentication of packets in both routing and link layers of MANETs. In the first phase of the protocol, we design a trust based packet forwarding scheme for detecting and isolating the malicious nodes using the routing layer information. It uses trust values to favor packet forwarding by maintaining a trust counter for each node. A node is punished or rewarded by decreasing or increasing the trust counter. If the trust counter value falls below a trust threshold, the corresponding intermediate node is marked as malicious. In the next phase of the protocol, authors provides link-layer security using the CBC-X mode of authentication and encryption. By simulation results, it is shown that the proposed cross-layer security protocol achieves high packet delivery ratio while attaining low delay and overhead.

6 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

024121   Patole V A;Pachghare V K;Kulkarni P (Computer Engineering and Information Technology Dep, College of Engineering, Pune-411 005, Email: vickypatole@gmail.com) : Adaboost algorithm to build pattern based network security. Int J Inf Process 2011, 5(1), 57-63.

Network Intrusion Detection aims at distinguishing the behavior of the network. It is an inseparable part of the information security system. Due to rapid development of attack pattern it is necessary to develop a system which can upgrade itself as new threats are detected. Also detection rate should be high because the rate with which attack is carried out on the network is very high. In response to this problem machine learning approach is an advanced methodology used for intrusion detection. As a type of machine learning, adaptive boosting is getting more attention in the field of intrusion detection. For this AdaBoost Based Algorithm is used which has high detection rate as well as low false alarm rate. In this algorithm decision stumps are used as weak classifier. The decision rules are provided for both categorical and continuous features. Weak classifier for continuous features and weak classifier for categorical features are combined to form a strong classifier. Strategies for avoiding the over fitting are adopted to improve the performance of the algorithm.

2 illus, 6 tables, 23 ref

024120   Patidar V;Purohit G;Sud K K;Pareek N K (Physics Dep, School of Engineering, Sir Padampat Singhania Univ, Bhatewar, Udaipur-313 601, Email: vinod.patidar@spsu.ac.in) : Novel chaos based permutation-substitution scheme for image encryption. Int J Inf Process 2011, 5(1), 10-25.

Proposes a new loss-less symmetric image cipher based on the widely used permutation-substitution architecture which utilizes the chaotic 2D standard map and ID logistic map. It is specifically designed for the colour images, which are 3D arrays of data streams. The initial condition & system parameter of the chaotic standard map, initial condition of the logistic map and number of iterations constitute the secret key of the algorithm. Each encryption round Comprises of three Stages: permutation rounds, substitution rounds and again permutation rounds. To increase the speed of encryption, the permutation and substitution are done row-by-row and column-by-column instead of pixel-by-pixel. The permutation process is controlled through the pseudo random number sequences (PRNS) generated by the discretization of chaotic standard and logistic maps, however in the substitution process, the properties of row and column pixels of all three colour layers are mixed with the PRNS generated from the chaotic maps. The security of the proposed image encryption has been analyzed thoroughly using various statistical analysis, key sensitivity analysis, differential analysis, key space analysis, etc. Results are encouraging and suggest that the proposed image encryption technique is suitable for the real time secure image and video communication applications.

5 illus, 3 tables, 43 ref

024119   Dutta S;Mukherjee N;Neogy S;Roy S (School of Mobile Computing and Communication, Jadavpur Univ, Kolkata, Email: subrataduttaa@gmail.com) : Comparative study on different wireless sensor network routing algorithms. Int J Inf Process 2011, 5(1), 1-9.

Discussed different wireless sensor network routing algorithms. Author compared the efficiency of those routing algorithms. The focus 'of it is comparison is to determine the total energy dissipation by the WSN and the time to reach a message from source node to destination node. It has been shown that the most efficient WSN routing algorithm may not perform best in case of every application. Different routing algorithms are suitable for different application areas.

3 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

024118   Chauhan S S;Joshi R C (Electronics and Computer Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247 667, Email: sacitpec@iitr.ernet.in) : Resource performance based grid task scheduling. Int J Inf Process 2011, 5(1), 72-80.

Task scheduling in Grid is complicated due to the dynamic and heterogeneous nature of resources. Authors have proposed two heuristics: Segmented Weighted Time Min and Segmented Weighted Time Max. Both heuristics consider the performance of resources in deciding the match between tasks and resources. Authors divide the tasks in different segments, based on the execution time of tasks and assign priority levels to each segment. Authors map tasks, from the segments, in the descendant order from high to low priority. Authors have evaluated both heuristics and the results have been compared with Min-Min and Max-Min heuristics. The comparison shows the proposed heuristics are better.

6 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

024117   Chaturvedi S K;Swami D K;Singh G (Computer Science and Engineering Dep, IIT, RGPV Univ, Bhopal, Email: setu16@gmail.com) : New centroid based summarization approach for automatic web document categorization. Int J Inf Process 2011, 5(1), 41-7.

Author proposes a new Centroid-based summarization approach for categorization of web pages. The approach constructs Centroid using a, set of contextual information of web pages. The obtained Centroid will be used to summarize classify new web pages. The aim of the approach is to provide a flexible, incremental and refined summarization, which is more suitable for automatic web document categorization. The approach is flexible because it assigns a web page to all predefined categories with a confidence score through summarization; it is incremental because it classifies web pages one by one; it is refined because each web page either refines the Centroid or is discarded as noisy page; finally, the approach are evaluated on a dataset consisting of manually annotated pages as well as a large dataset that is crawled from the UCI KDD Directory Project. The experimental results indicate that significant improvements can be achieved through proposed summarizer for web page classification as compared to the other classifiers. The experiments conducted on two known corpora show that his approach is very fast.

1 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

023057   Sife A S (NO, Sokoine Agriculture Univ, P.O. Box 3022, Morogoro, Tanzania, Email: sifesas@yahoo.com) : Internet use behaviour of cybercafe users in Morogoro municipality, Tanzania. Ann Libr Inf Stud 2013, 60(1), 41-50.

Data on internet use behavior was obtained from 137 users in 10 cybercafes through questionnaires and the data thus obtained was analyzed using SPSS. The findings indicate that most cybercafe users in the study were young, male, better educated and mostly students. Many cybercafe users were computer literate but most had limited web using skills. The Internet was primarily used for searching academic information, communication as well as obtaining news and current affairs. There were weak correlations between demographic characteristics of respondents and the purposes of using the Internet. While many cybercafe users preferred search engines particularly Google and Yahoo, only a few were using web subject directories. The use of tools such as search engines, browsers, and social media in the study area correspond to many other world ratings. No adverse Internet addictive behaviours were exhibited by cybercafe users in the study area. Problems encountered in using the Internet are similar to those cited frequently in Africa. Increasing bandwidth and availability of electricity would improve connectivity and reduce Internet costs. It is also recommended that computer training programmes should include information literacy and ICT use for purposes such as e-business. Possible future research is also suggested.

9 tables, 38 ref

023056   Sharma N;Chaturvedi A;Garg S (NO, Singhania Univ, Pacheri Bari, Rajasthan, Email: nrj0101@rediffmail.com) : Comparative study of various ant-based routing algorithms for MANET. Int J Comp Applic 2011, 6(2), 143-8.

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of nodes which are able to connect on a wireless medium forming an arbitrary and dynamic network. This technology has attracted many researchers as well as the industry belongs to the networking & communication. The Bio-inspired communication methodologies promise to enable more scalable self-organizing network infrastructures. Swarm Intelligence (SI) [1] is an artificial intelligence technique based around of collective work in self organized & decentralized systems. Ant Colony Optimization is popular among other a number of Swarm Intelligence (SI) based, more especially Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) based routing algorithms are proposed by researchers.

1 table, 8 ref

023055   Sehgal U (NO, , Gulzar Group of Institute, Email: umeshsehgal_ind@yahoo.com) : Performance analysis & enhancements in nutrition detection system for wireless local area networks. Int J Comp Applic 2011, 6(2), 99-101.

Wireless Local Area Network (LAN) is a Radio frequency (RF) data communications system. WLANs transmit and receive data Over the Air (OTA) and thus collectively combine data connectivity with ease of mobility. Wireless LANs today provide wireless access to vital network resources such as large, multi-location enterprises, small and medium size enterprises as well as Hospitals, Hotel, Airports and homes. Wireless LANs are being widely recognized as a viable, cost-effective general-purpose solution in providing high-speed real-time access to information. With a WLAN, users can gain access to shared information without being bound to fixed plug-in point. WLANs can be used to replace wired LANs or simply be used as an extension of a wired infrastructure. Added to the convenience and cost advantages over traditional wired Networks some of the benefits include: * Mobility, * Installation speed, simplicity and flexibility, * Reduced cost, * Scalability. The most distinctive benefit of WLANs is they are easy to understand and use. This can be attributed to the fact that everything to do with wired LANs, with a few exceptions, also applies to a WLAN.

2 ref

023054   Ramasubramanian P (IT Dep, Vivekanandha Institute of Engineering and Technology for Women, Tiruchengode-637 205) : Assessment method for technical institutions using rough set theory. Int J Comp Applic 2011, 6(2), 83-7.

Higher educational institutions are facing a global competition on market places such as low graduation rates, less employability and rising questions of relevance of college education for public good etc[l]. One of the most important characteristics of an educational institution is to make accurate and objective assessment As on now, the volumes of information available are encouraging to search for efficient techniques to improve the data mining methods, especially those that consume great computational resources, such as evolutionary algorithms. P. Ramasubramaman et al investigated the problem of ranking the professional colleges using partial order generalization of rough set theory[3]. In this paper, the author identifies the Institutional assessment based on the principles of assessment indices system which establishes infrastructure, faculty, library, admission and placement, which are based on rough set theory.

3 tables, 4 ref

023053   Nithyakalyani S;Suresh Kumar S (Information Technology Dep, K.S.R. College of Engineering, Tiruchengode, Email: nithyakalyani.me@gmail.com) : Approach to data aggregation in wireless sensor netowork using voronoi fuzzy clustering algorithm. J scient ind Res 2013, 72(5), 287-93.

Data collected through any sensor are needed to be processed for gaining some useful information. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a subclass of sensor node which is evolving as an astonishing technique in wireless communication technology for monitoring large application domains such as weather forecasting, military surveillance, medical diagnosis, fire detection alarming systems, etc. Each sensor will not be able to process itself due to the primary issue of energy (battery power) curb in WSN. Still many investigators desire to find a solution to improve the lifespan of WSN. The best way is to select an optimum head node for data aggregation to reduce the energy of data transmission for the reason that energy required for computing is more than for data transmission. This prototype shifts the attention from the outmoded address-centric approaches to data-centric approach. Data centric techniques like data aggregation via energy efficient fuzzy clustering algorithm based on Voronoi diagram is proposed in this paper. The proposed novel algorithm is a combination of Voronoi and modified Fuzzy C-Means clustering algorithm called as Voronoi Fuzzy (VF) algorithm. Cluster head (CH) for VF clustering algorithm is nominated by considering node's residual energy, distance between CH and its neighbor's sensor node and Quality of service. Furthermore, data aggregation is employed in each cluster's CH to reduce the amount of data transmission which effectively extends the network lifetime. Simulation result reveals that this method achieves agreeable performance in extending the network lifetime compared to the existing ones.

4 illus, 7 ref

023052   Nehru E S (General Studies Dep, Jubail College Univ, JUBAIL, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Email: esnehru@yahoo.com) : Axisymmetric vibration of Piezo-LEMV composite hollow multilayer cylinder. Int J Comp Applic 2011, 6(2), 89-94.

Axisymmetric vibration of an infinite piezolaminated multilayer hollow cylinder made of piezoelectric layers of 6mm-class and an isotropic LEMV (Linear Elastic Materials with Voids) layers is studied. The frequency equations are obtained for the traction free outer surface with continuity conditions at the interfaces. Numerical results are carried out for the inner, middle and outer hollow piezoelactric layers bonded by LEMV layers and the dispersion curves are compared with that of a similar 3-layer model and of 3 and 5 layer models with inner, middle and outer hollow piezoelectric layers bonded by CFRP (Carbon fiber reinforced plastics).

2 illus, 2 tables, 29 ref