016862   Suryavanshi H;Bansal P (Information Technology Dep, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Davv, Indore, Email: surya.hemant@gmail.com) : Design and implementation of an improved cryptographic algorithm using UNICODE and universal colors. Curr Trends Inf Technol 2013, 3(1), 10-6.

New cryptography algorithm based on Unicode and Universal colors is proposed to preserve the confidentiality of the data. The use of Unicode as encoding scheme provides support to a very large range of characters. The colors are used to obtain a large key domain to avoid cryptanalyst attacks like brute-force and dictionary attacks. The concept is based on the symmetric key cryptography that supports the use of a single shared key between the sender and receiver for encryption and decryption. The algorithm is an approach that uses the simple concepts of substitution and transposition. The algorithm is devised using operations that are directly supported by the processor to limit the processing time taken by the algorithm to perform the required task. The security of the algorithm is analyzed and the experimental results obtained approve the effectiveness and usability of the algorithm.

6 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref

016861   Sharma A;Jain S;Mangal N;Arora M (Computer Science Dep, CIT College, Abu Road, Mount Abu, Email: mangalnakul@gmail.com) : Security architecture for mobile ad hoc networks. Int J latest Technol Mgmt appl Sci 2012, 1(4), 25-9.

Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is an autonomous system of mobile nodes, a kind of a wireless network where the mobile nodes dynamically form a network to exchange information without utilizing any pre-existing fixed network infrastructure. For a MANET to be constructed, all needed is a node willing to send data to a node willing to accept data. Each mobile node of anad-hoc network operates as a host as well as a router, forwarding packets for other mobile nodes in the network that may not be within the transmission range of the source mobile node. Each node participates in an ad-hoc routing protocol that allows it to discover multi-hop paths through the network to any other node.

20 ref

016860   Neeraj Kumar;Gupta V;Praveen Kumar (NO, CS&E Amity Univ, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, Email: neerajkumar1989@gmail.com) : Review of digital image watermaking techniques for secure data transmission. Curr Trends Inf Technol 2013, 3(1), 7-9.

Nowadays, a chief problem encountered by content providers and owners is the protec-tion of their material. The ease by which digital information can be duplicated and distributed has led to the need for effective copyright protection tools. Recently digital watermarking technology has emerged as an effective solution for protecting the digital content from unauthorized copying. With its area of application coexisting in all three forms of media, i.e., image, music and video, the process of watermarking is as widespread as any digital media. Watermarking can be defined as the practice of perceptibly or imperceptibly altering a given work to embed a message about that work. This paper surveys the features and concepts pertaining to the two popular watermarking algorithm types, i.e., A) Spatial based techniques (under which we analyzes Least Significant Bit (LSB) modification, correlation based and Code-Division Multiple Ac-cess(CDMA) based techniques) and B) Transform based techniques (DCT and DWT based techniques).

1 illus, 15 ref

016859   Mangal N;Jain S;Sharma A (NO, , ) : Energy consumption pattern in wireless sensor network. Int J latest Technol Mgmt appl Sci 2012, 1(4), 39-45.

Energy supply in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is limited and non replenishable, and energy efficiency is the most important feature in designing these networks. One way to reduce the energy consumption of WSNs and hence prolong the lifespan of these networks is to use adaptive clustering algorithms. Many algorithms had been used to reduce energy consumption in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we are going to compare the algorithms which has been already applied on this energy consumption problem.

1 illus, 9 ref

016858   Jain N;Sharma V (NO, , Amity Univ) : Software development environment. Int J latest Technol Mgmt appl Sci 2012, 1(4), 46-9.

This paper studies a new approach of risk management in distributed software development along with the organizational structure.

3 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

016857   Goyal D;Sharma P (Computer Science, Shri USB College of Engineering & Management, Rajasthan, Email: deepikagoyal07@rediffmail.com) : Systematic software. Int J latest Technol Mgmt appl Sci 2012, 1(4), 60-4.

1 illus, 10 ref

016856   Bhattacharya S (NO, Teknologi Petronas Univ, Malaysia) : Estimation of hidden markov model. Int J latest Technol Mgmt appl Sci 2012, 1(4), 5.

HMM model parameters are crucial information in HMM process, and directly influence the recognition precision since they can make an excellent description of the classification sequence. Therefore optimizing HMM parameters is still an important and challenging work in automatic Bio-informatics research area. The Baum-Welch (B-W) Algorithm is used to calculate the HMM model parameters. However, the B-W algorithm uses an initial random guess of the parameters, therefore after convergence the output tends to be close to this initial value of the algorithm, which is not necessarily the global optimum of the model parameters. In this paper, a Baum-Welch is proposed obtain the optimal parameters within the solution space. The enormous popularity of Hidden Markov models (HMMs) in multiple observation sequence is largely due to the ability to "learn" model parameters from observation sequences Through the Baum-Welch and other re-estimation procedures. In this study, HMM parameters are estimated from an ensemble of models trained on individual observation sequences. The proposed methods are shown to provide superior classification performance to competing methods.

016855   Agarwal H;Anju (NO, , Abu Road, Rajasthan) : Hidden layer architecture. Int J latest Technol Mgmt appl Sci 2012, 1(4), 35-8.

Transmission of data across communication paths is an expensive process in respect time and bandwidth. Data compression is usually obtained by substituting a shorter symbol for an original symbol in the source data, which should contain the same information but with a smaller representation in length. The purpose of this paper is to show that neural networks may be promising tools for data compression without loss of information. We combine neural nets, standard statistical compression methods like Huffman coding and arithmetic coding. This paper uses Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based techniques provide new ways for the compression of data at the transmitter and decompression at the receiver with more secure manner. In this paper, security of the data can he obtained along the communication path as it is not in its original form on the communication line.

5 illus, 3 ref

015861   Venkatesh;Indra A;Murali R (Space Dep, Venkatesh Mission Development Group (MDG/MDPD) Isro Satellite Centre, Bangalore-560 017, Email: venkatnb@isac.gov.in) : Vehicular AD HOC networks (VANETs): issues and applications. J Analysis Computn 2012, 8(1), 31-45.

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are subclass of Mobile ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) which aim to provide wireless communication among nearly vehicles and between vehicles. These systems are gaining importance in applications ranging from traffic safety, driver assistance, entrainment information services and internet access. The design of routing protocols is a key issue due to the dynamic nature of the nodes, which are moving vehicles in the network topology. VANETs are the key networking technologies for future vehicular communication even in Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). VANETs are distinguished from other networks due to their time-varying nature of vehicle density, high-mobility, and their self organizing behavior. In this paper, author investigated the current research issues pertaining to vehicular communication networks.

1 illus, 1 table, 28 ref

015860   Surendra U;Archana N V;Parthasarathy S S (E&EE Dep, NIEIT, Mysore, Email: us_1963@yahoo.com) : Genetic algorithm based optimal location of series facts device to reduce the losses and enhance power transfer in a power system. J Analysis Computn 2012, 8(2), 71-84.

Electric power systems, around the globe, are changing in terms of structure, operation, management and ownership due to technical, financial and ideological reasons. Recent trend involves augmentation of power systems in terms of geographical area, assets additions and penetration of new technologies in generation, transmission and distribution sectors. In this regard, Flexible Alternative Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices play a key role in enhancing controllability and increasing power transfer capability of the network. Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) is an emerging FACTS device designated to achieve this objective. The conventional methods in solving optimization problems in power systems suffer from several limitations due to necessities of derivative existence, providing suboptimal solutions, etc. Computational Intelligence plays an important role in determining the optimal solutions for multi-objective functions. A combinatorial analysis problem in power systems can be solved by modern heuristic methods in finding optimal solution. Thus, in this paper, Genetic Algorithm, a wing of evolutionary computation encapsulated with heuristic approach, is proposed in finding optimal location of TCSC. IEEE standard 5-bus and 144 us systems are considered to test the credibility of the proposed algorithm and the results thus obtained are subjected to analysis to determine the optimal location.

8 illus, 5 tables, 9 ref

015859   Ramamoorthy H V;Devi D S (Computer Science Dep, Sree Saraswathi Thyagaraja College, Pollachi-642 107, Email: hvigneshram@gmail.com) : Novel routing pattern based on ant colony optimization and multi agent system. J Analysis Computn 2012, 8(2), 91-9.

Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a kind of wireless Ad-hoc network, and is a self-configuring network of mobile routers (and associated hosts) connected by wireless links - the union of which forms an arbitrary topology. The routers are free to move randomly and organize themselves arbitrarily, thus the network's wireless topology may change rapidly and unpredictably. Such a network may operate in a standalone fashion, or may be connected to the larger Internet. There are various routing protocols available for MANETs. The most popular ones are DSR, AODV and DSDV. This paper examines two routing protocols for mobile Ad-hoc networks - the Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV), the table-driven protocol and the Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector routing (AODV), an On-Demand protocol and evaluates both protocols based on packet delivery fraction and average delay while varying number of sources and pause time. In this paper we combine two schemes namely Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Multi Agent System (MAS) technique in order to provide high connectivity of nodes, route discovery latency and the end-to-end delay.

5 illus, 15 ref

015858   Rajput V;Sanjay Kumar;Patle V K (School of Studies in Computer Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla Univ, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, Email: vannu23@gmail.com) : Performance analysis of UMA and NUMA models. J Analysis Computn 2012, 8(2), 101-4.

Uniform memory access, non uniform memory access and cache only memory access are the three memory designs of multiprocessor. AH the processors in UMA model share the physical memory uniformly. In the UMA architecture, access time to a memory location is independent from which processor makes the request. In the NUMA model memory access time depends relative to a processor and logically follow in scaling from symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) architectures. At the last COMA is memory model in which local memories at each node are used as cache. This is in contrast to using the local memories as actual main memory, as in NUMA organizations. All the models provide some facilities and have some drawbacks too. There are many criteria's on which performance of a multiprocessor system can be analyzed. In this paper we present the frame work of multiprocessor architecture, than we discuss the memory models after that we are going to compare performances of memory models.

2 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

015857   Pawar J B;badiger C A;Hiremath U S (Extension and Communication Management Dep, College of Rural Home Science, Agricultural Sciences Univ, Dharwad-580 005, Email: hodecm@gmail.com) : Opinion and knowledge of children and adolescents towards computer usage. Karnataka J agric Sci 2011, 24(4), 516-19.

Study was conducted in Hubli- Dharwad twin cities of Karnataka State to know the opinion and knowledge of children and adolescents towards computer usage. The total sample size consisted of one hundred and twenty respondents comprising children of age group 10-12 years (60) were selected from 5th, 6th and 7th standard & adolescents of age group 15-18 years (60) were selected from 10th, 11th and 12lh standard. Purposive random sampling procedure was used for selection of respondents. Using interview schedule, the required data was collected by personal interview method. Data was coded, tabulated, analyzed and interpreted using suitable statistical parameters. The results showed that independent variables like age, education and father's occupation were positively significant with the knowledge level of children and adolescents. It was found that opinion index was 79.18 per cent and knowledge index was 85.69 per cent which were noticeable and appreciable. Important health related problems expressed were eye burning, backache & headache.

6 tables, 6 ref

015856   Parida S;Hiremath U S (H.Sc. Extension and Communication Management Dep, College of Rural Home Science, UAS, Dharwad-580 005, Email: splibra7@gmail.com) : Critical analysis of usage of information and communication technology tools by university staff. Karnataka J agric Sci 2011, 24(4), 616-18.

4 tables, 5 ref

015855   Anand S K;Sundara Raman T G;Subramanian S (Computer Science Dep, Sastra Univ, Thanjavur-613 401, Email: skanand86@gmail.com) : Designing a type 2 fuzzy neural network for performance optimization in a high pressure chemical recovery boiler. J Analysis Computn 2012, 8(2), 59-69.

High energy performance along with continuous availability is important criteria in Chemical Recovery high pressure Boiler of paper mills. Superheater battery in series with multi-stage attemperation for main steam temperature control is a complex phenomenon, which cannot be solved by straightforward automation control as is prevalent in most units. As the steam temperature profile varies across the length and depth of the superheater bank, need for predicting and tracking the same lies in ensuring not only constant rated main steam temperature, but also longevity of the superheater coils. With clear-cut knowledge of the various input parameters to be supplied to the boiler, the need of the hour is to identify a mechanism to get the highest value of main steam rate without adversely affecting the steam outlet temperature. As prior knowledge of the manner is lacking, a backpropogation supervisory neural network has been designed which exhibits a good degree of reinforcement learning. Metallurgy of primary, secondary and tertiary superheater coils have been originally designed with temperature related corrosion. Any excursion in the steam/metal temperature of the superheater coil would not only aid but also accelerate corrosion. Various parameters considered including BLS concentration, BLS elemental analysis, BLS composition especially those compounds of sulphur, sodium content in BLS and BLS firing load and its temperature may not have ideal fixed values. Hence, instead of crisp values, a type 2 Fuzzy logic model has been designed which in turn monitors the parameters and predicts the results. The errors are fed back iteratively through the backpropogation network until the network learns the model. Schemes have been developed to address the above facets in terms of ensuring rated main steam temperature as also keeping the steam temperatures in each of the three superheater banks within the design limits to ensure longevity of the heat transfer tubes. Fuzzy C-means clustering technique has been used to find coherent clusters and then sensitivity analysis has been done to find the parameters playing a significant role in obtaining the results. As it can be observed that the behavior is stochastic, particle swarm optimization has been carried out to optimize the results. Through this tool, both steam attemperation control for rated main steam temperature as well as effective smart soot blowing for ensuring clean heating surface all through the time of operation of the boiler are expected. Special emphasis is placed to ensure that the steam temperature does not cross a fixed limit. The Barometer of Productivity is termed as Energy index that integrates unit availability factor, Net Power generation and steam for process factors.

6 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

014896   Yadav R K (Computer Science Dep, School of Management Sciences, Varanasi) : Image preprocessing techniques. J Comput Technol Applic 2012, 3(2), 20-9.

Preprocessing method is an important step, specifically for low-quality picture images. This method is robust to lighting variations and produces images with very little noise and consistent stroke width. The process computes a "surface" of background intensities at every point in the image that performs adaptive thresholding based on this result. The surface is estimated by identifying regions of low resolution text and interpolating neighboring background intensities into these regions. The final threshold is a combination of this surface and a global offset. Most image-processing techniques involve treating the image as a two-dimensional signal and applying standard signal-processing techniques to it. The term applies both to mental processes used by humans when reading text, and to artificial processes implemented in computers, which are the subject of optical character recognition.

6 illus, 10 ref

014895   Venkatadri M;Sastry H G;Reddy L C (Centre for Inforamtion Technology, College of Engieering Studies, University of Petroleum and Energy Stud, Dehradun, Email: venkatadrim@gmail.com) : Survey on genetic programming in data mining tasks. J Comput Technol Applic 2012, 3(1), 9-15.

Genetic programming (GP) is a machine learning technique used to give the optimized solution for the user specified tasks from a population of computer programs based on a fitness function. Genetic programming provides automated and optimized solutions for searching of large, poorly defined search spaces and even with the complexities of high dimensionality, multi-modality and discontinuity with noise. Knowledge discovery is an extremely complex process in the real world databases. Various data mining techniques exist for knowledge discovery process, among them, genetic programming data mining techniques are more efficient and suitable. Discusses various GP-based techniques in the data mining field.

25 ref

014894   Solanki A;Ela Kumar (NO, School of ICT, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, Email: vmca.arun@gmail.com) : Web-enabled fuzzy expert system shell for flower rose. J Comput Technol Applic 2011, 2(2), 12-21.

Presents a proposed expert system shell ROSEX. ROSEX deals with horticulture domain mainly for flower rose. The objective of development ROSEX is to facilitate farmers who involved in horticulture sector to provide complete details about variety, soil, temperature, environment, diseases and pests related to rose flower. Applied live data which was gathered from district headquarter of horticulture, Baghpat (Uttar Pradesh) India. For implementation, a fuzzy based technique is used ascertaining possible diseases on observed various symptoms. Positive and negative symptoms are taken into consideration. Using membership degree and weight set for a symptom of disease, Euclidean distance method was used. Technology used in development of ROSEX is ASP.NET, C# and SQL Server 2005. Finally compared the result of this system with manual result to show the performance, reliability and accuracy.

16 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

014893   Sharma A K;Mehta I C;Sharma S A;Sharma D; Bapat P M (Computer Technology Dep, M.I.E.T, Gondia, Email: ash5000@rediffmail.com) : Quality function deployment and software engineering. J Comput Technol Applic 2012, 3(1), 49-57.

Quality function deployment (QFD) is a customer driven product development process. Over the years QFD has found wide acceptance. QFD started off with the manufacturing but gradually got accepted and applied in several distinct areas. Presently, the use of QFD has spread to services and software development. Software engineering (SE) is a systematic and widely used approach for software product development. Recent studies suggest that QFD can be better applied in software development. The past few years have seen the application of QFD in this area. This area has emerged as a fertile area for new researchers. This paper aims to create a data bank to facilitate the referencing needs of researchers and practitioners in this area. Presents the literature review pertaining to this topic. The literature review is based on the data collected from various research papers, tools and web sources. Software development offers several fields or areas where QFD can be better applied. Thus, to make the study more specific, the data has been presented in the form of categorical fields which will strongly assist in easy referencing.

67 ref

014892   Rafi M;Hamid M E;Wahidabanu R S D (NO, HMS Institute of Technology, Tumkur, Karnataka, Email: mdrafi2km@yahoo.com) : Pedestrian gait parameter measurement using a cascade of edge and corner detection technique. J Comput Technol Applic 2011, 2(2), 37-48.

Most modern surveillance systems currently rely upon Closed Circuit TV feeds monitoring system. Documents a new approach towards automating pedestrian recognition within typical video footage. The proposed work shows how the gait parameters can be measured from the video footage using the mathematical theory of Geometry and computer vision and pattern recognition technique which can be further used for recognize individuals. When people walk normal to the viewing plane, as major gait information is available like the ankle, knee and hip joint points which are successfully extracted for indoor/outdoor data. Describes a new model-based feature extraction analysis is presented using Corner Detection technique that helps to measure the essential parameters which can be used for gait classification/recognition. Using corner detection algorithm can reveal the end points of the legs describing the feet and other parts. By analyzing the gait parameters extracted in footsteps for different frames, it is possible to recognize a pedestrian subject. In the preprocessing steps, the picture frames taken from video sequences are given as input to Canny Edge detection algorithm which helps to detect edges of the image by extracting foreground from background also it reduces the noise using Gaussian filter. The output from edge detection is given as input to the Harris Corner Detection technique. Using the Harris Corner Detection technique the corners of each gait parameter can be obtained and later it will be measured. In the proposed work, we have used five parameters to measure. It is observed that when the camera is placed at 90 and 270 degrees, all the parameters used in the proposed work are clearly measurable. The efficiency of the model is tested on a variety of body position and stride parameters recovered in different viewing conditions on a database consisting of 20 subjects walking at both an angled and frontal-parallel view with respect to the camera. The test results show clear values with a high level of confidence and in this way, will establish a baseline analysis which can be deployed in recognition.

7 illus, 7 tables, 12 ref

014891   Purna Chand K;Krishnaiah N;Uday Kiran G; Narsimha G (CSE Dep, Padmasri Dr B.V. Raju Institute of Technology, Narasapur, Medak, Email: nkrishna520@rediffmail.com) : Novel approach for enhancing direct hashing and pruning for association rule mining. J Comput Technol Applic 2012, 3(1), 1-8.

Data Mining has been considered as a promising field in the intersection of databases, artificial intelligence and machine learning. Association rule mining has been one of the most popular data mining subjects, which can be simply defined as finding interesting rules from large collections of data. Introduces an enhanced hashing approach in discovering associations for large itemsets. The proposed hashing approach scans the entire database only once using the improved version of Apriori Algorithm termed as Direct Hashing and Pruning (DHP) algorithm. The algorithm determines the frequency of each k-itemset and discovers set of rules from frequent k-itemsets. The application uses the minimum support provided by the domain expert and frequent itemsets are discovered. Later the numbers of k-itemsets are reduced in the pruning phase after scanning the database completely. The proposed approach is not prone to collisions yielding high accuracy.

5 illus, 3 tables, 11 ref

014890   Prajapati J B;Patel S K;Parikh S M (NO, Acharya Motibhai Patel Institute of Computer Studies, Ganpat Universi, Kherva, Mehsana, Gujarat, Email: jigna.prajapti@ganpatuniversity.ac.in) : Software-fault tolerance with OOP approach by .NET. J Comput Technol Applic 2011, 2(1), 32-40.

Study was focus on Object Oriented Paradigm using Visual Basic.net which can be reusable and robust structures that support the prediction of fault tolerance of software errors in the application layer. Once any software developed, their first goal is to create error free and objective met software. Although developers often have several problems after completion of their task, here we will give fault-tolerance techniques with vb.net. Authors are trying to show Fault tolerance can be implemented with Visual Basic.net. Implementation supports the approach of user defined library and re-designs.

3 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

014889   Pathak H K;SAanghi M (NO, Pt Ravishanker Shukla University, Raipur-492 010, Email: manjusanghi13@gmail.com) : Cryptanalysis of modified STPKE' protocol. J Comput Technol Applic 2012, 3(1), 43-8.

In 2007, Lu and Cao proposed a simple 3-party authenticated key exchange (S-3PAKE) protocol. Kim and Koi found that this protocol cannot resist undetectable online password guessing attacks and gave fixed STPKE' protocol as a countermeasure using exclusive-or operation. Recently, Tallapally and Padmavathy found that STPKE' is still vulnerable to undetectable online password guessing attack and gave a modified STPKE' protocol. In the study authors show that the improvement that they claim is still vulnerable to man in the middle attack.

2 illus, 17 ref

014888   Panchal H;Shukla A (Embedded System Designing Dep, International Institute of Information Technology, Pune-411 057, Email: abhisheks@isquareit.ac.in) : Performance analysis and speed control of 3 phase induction motor on 8 bit controller platforms using LabVIEW. J Comput Technol Applic 2011, 2(1), 22-31.

Performance analysis & speed control of 3 phase induction motor on 8 bit platform using LabVIEW aims to speed control of 3-phase induction motor, microcontroller used for this work is AVR ATmega16. LabVIEW provides the remote GUI interface to the system. LabVIEW interfaces to the control system with the RS-232 communication link Using NI-VISA. Actually induction motor controlling through microcontroller and PC based GUI leads to the almost complete design of the 3-phase induction motor drive. All components of the system receive the power from one main power supply unit that accepts standard 230V single phase AC supply. Single phase AC input is converted into 3-phase AC with the PWM bridge inverter. 3-phase output voltage and frequency are the functions of PWM signals generated by the microcontroller. Both frequency and voltage are varied but V/f should be constant. Optical Tachometer measures the speed of the rotor shaft. System can be operated in the closed-loop mode with the RPM set-point of rotor shaft. So the speed of the motor can almost independent of varying loads (within some range). Due to the PI Action Algorithm in the microcontroller program, continuously varying loads do not make oscillation in the output speed of motor.

11 illus, 20 ref

014887   Mohit Raj;Maninder Singh (Computer Science and Engineering Dep, Thapar University, Patiala, Email: mohitraj.cs@gmail.com) : Comparative analysis of session hijacking on different operating systems. J Comput Technol Applic 2012, 3(2), 12-19.

Session hijacking is the act of taking control of a user session after successfully obtaining or generating an authentication session id. Presents the comparative analysis of session hijacking on different operating systems. The experiment has been conducted on a LAN system. First, session id is captured, then hijacking is performed. The two methods for capturing the session id are used that consist of passive sniffing and active sniffing. The first method is very common, easy to conduct, difficult to detect, and less effective. The second method is very effective but can be detected. The aim of sniffing is to get session id of active connection. Also discusses the limitation and dependency of session hijacking attack.

6 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

014886   Metkewar P S;Hake T M (NO, Symbiosis Institute of Computer Studies and Research, Model Colony, Pune-411 016, Email: paravinmetkewar@sicsr.ac.in) : Application of portfolio using fuzzy logic. J Comput Technol Applic 2012, 3(1), 16-25.

Portfolio has to match the portfolio of long-term liabilities with the portfolio of assets. Key instruments in strategic asset liability management (ALM) are the adjustment of investments with respective policies and their interest rate analogous with the scenario of the market. Authors have given mathematical formulation of the investment problem in terms of stochastic problem (SP) and finally represented it in terms of Fuzzy Inference Engine by providing a fuzzy rule base. Extracting fuzzy rules from data allows relationships in the data to be modeled by "if-then" rules that are easy to understand, verify, and extend. Presents methods for extracting fuzzy rules by using fuzzy inference engine. The rule extraction methods are based on estimating clusters in the data; each cluster obtained corresponds to a fuzzy rule that relates a region in the input space to an output region. In various public sector banks, people are going to invest money under the heading of Portfolio in order to obtain maximum return on investment. Now, the bank has to decide in which policy to invest the money so that it gives maximum return with less time period by considering all the influencing factors.

2 illus, 6 tables, 10 ref

014885   Mahapatra A K;Sahoo S K (NO, National Informatics Centre, Ministry of Communication and IT, Governm, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, Email: ashis@mahapatra@nic.in) : Noble approach towards development of e-Governance applications. J Comput Technol Applic 2011, 2(2), 1-11.

With the development of the Information & Communication Technology (ICT) a new trend started towards its innovative use in many sectors like Banking, Education, Transportation, Communication, Defense, Aviation, as well as in Government. e-Governance as a tool for ensuring good governance aims at improving the quality, accessibility and effectiveness of Government services with the help of Information & Communication Technology (ICT). e-Governance aims to make all the government activities Simple, Moral, Accountable, Responsive, and Transparent (SMART) through the esteem use of ICT. All the e-Governance Projects are well funded, initiated very aggressively and supported by central or state government IT Departments, but still it has been estimated by the World Bank, that as high as 85 percent of e-Governance projects in developing countries are either total or partial failures. The funds being wasted on e-Governance project are due to lack of proper and effective monitoring, poor management and lack of co-ordination is very high and may be a great lose of the tax payer's money from share of the common citizen. During the early time of the evolution of Software engineering, many "Software Development Life Cycle Models" have been designed to support effective development of software. In the latter stage those traditional SDLC models have been modified according to the requirements by many researcher and industries. Many industries have followed customized and dedicated SDLC models which suit best for their organization and nature of software they develop. But from many years any adedicated SDLC Model has not been evolved to support development of e-Governance software most appropriately. This research shows the parameter which differ in the e-Governance applications from its counterpart commercial/ corporate applications and the need of a dedicated SDLC Model for the development of e-Governance applications. Lastly a SDLC, model has been designed which will address the challenges and most suitable for development of e-Governance applications.

3 illus, 18 ref

014884   Kirubakaran E;Saranya S (Outsourcing Dep, BHEL, Trichy-620 014, Email: saran.aamec@gmail.com) : Ubiquitous computing - remote patients healthcare devices using wireless tehnology. J Comput Technol Applic 2012, 3(2), 35-41.

Evolving concepts of pervasive computing, ubiquitous computing and ambient intelligence are increasingly influencing health care. The goal is to monitor the remote patient's health status and provide a secure healthcare system using GSM technology with the help of wearable computers. To achieve this vision, several technological issues have to be solved - body sensors to monitor vital functions like ECG, BP and Body Temperature have to be developed; the collected sensor data has to be analyzed to detect emergency situations; relevant data has to be integrated with other information systems in the work environment of medical experts; information has to be send in secure way using embedded technology. From a technological perspective, we propose that the combination of smart objects and the patient's mobile phone has a lot of potential in the healthcare domain because the smart objects will benefit from the ubiquitous communication infrastructure, the storage functionality and the familiar user interface the mobile phone provides.

4 illus, 11 ref

014883   Kaushik B;Navdeep Kaur;Kohli A K (Computer Science Dep, Krishna Engineering College, GBTU, , Email: bkaushik99@rediffmail.com) : New method for measuring overall reliability and performance in growing computer networks with static and variable connections. J Comput Technol Applic 2011, 2(1), 1-14.

Presents a computational study on the performance of reliability measures by using optimized ANN for computer networks with fixed and varying link reliabilities. Focuses on the design of minimum cost reliable computer networks when a set of nodes, their topology, and links are given to connect them. A comparative study of various approaches for evaluating reliabilities has been studied such as Monte Carlo simulation methods and upper and lower bounds to bound reliability. The network design problem is difficult when overall reliability measure is considered through these methods. The objective is to design a minimum cost reliable networks that meets minimum reliability requirements. Therefore, for optimal network design, an optimized ANN is used for reliability measures. An optimal ANN is constructed, trained and validated using topologies, fixed and varying link reliabilities, and upper-bound on reliability as inputs to produce overall reliability.

1 illus, 4 tables, 45 ref

014882   Junwale P D;Bhade A W;Chatur P N (Computer Science and Engineering Dep, Government College of Engineering, Amravati-444 604, Email: prachi.junwale@gmail.com) : Classification of pattern using spline function and statistical data mining. J Comput Technol Applic 2012, 3(1), 37-42.

Many people are affected by lung diseases. Respiratory diseases are curable in early detection. Spirometry is valuable for diagnosing specific lung disorders as well as detecting lung disease at an early stage. Spirometry is most widely used pulmonary function test that is essential to measure the volume of air exhaled from the fully inflated lung as a function of time. The output of spirometry is in the form of graphs i.e., flow-volume loop and volume-time curve. The various parameters taken from these two graphs are modeled using spline function. Three types of pulmonary diseases such as obstructive, restrictive and mixed lung disorders are classified using statistical data mining approach. The obstructive lung diseases include asthma, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and emphysema while the restrictive lung diseases include asbestosis, sarcoidosis and pulmonary fibrosis. This classification helps a physician in diagnosis process of various diseases. After modeling, the classification is performed in which a statistical analysis is used to determine the influence of health conditions on the model parameter values. This is done using ANOVA technique. This approach is used to increase the efficiency of classification.

^iia3 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

014881   Junaibi K A (Computing and Information Science, Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, United Arab Emirates, Email: kaljunaibi@masdar.ac.ae) : Data mining and machine learning in security. J Comput Technol Applic 2011, 2(2), 22-30.

Growth of the internet and its complexity in had an effect in the demand for security assurance. The catastrophic attack of 9/11 had even increased the concerns security in many fields. The most faced challenge with regards to security is to effectively and reliably analyze the increasing volumes of crime data. Aims to give an overview about various security aspects and the rule of both machine learning and data mining in the security field. Further, several algorithms for security purposes have been explained and a very recent study about algorithms in cyber pursuit is presented.

2 illus, 4 tables, 10 ref

014880   Jena G;Baharsingh R (Computer Science Engineering Dep, BVC Engineering College, JNTUK, Andhra Pradesh, Email: drgjena@ieee.org) : Novel approach to image enhancement using Fuzzy set. J Comput Technol Applic 2011, 2(1), 15-21.

FUZZY set has been used to deal with image enhancement problems of some uncertain and inaccurate image. The traditional image enhancement method like histogram modification, image smoothing, image sharpening inverse filters and wiener filter for inaccurate and uncertain image is undesirable. As fuzzy system is capable of representing diverse, non-exact, uncertain and inaccurate knowledge of information, it has attracted the attention of for image enhancement. The generalized enhancement algorithm proposed by Dong Liang Peng and Tie-Jun-Wu in 2002 is not suitable for images having very less gray values, lower contrast, more uncertainly and inaccuracy. A novel approach to generalized image enhancement using fuzzy set is proposed in this paper to overcome the problem.

9 illus, 12 ref

014879   Hu H (Mathematics Dep, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA, Email: hong.hu@hamptonu.edu) : Comparative parallel computational performance study using OpenMP. J Comput Technol Applic 2012, 3(3), 13-16.

Bbrief comparative parallel performance analysis of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code is presented. The performance result for the full three-dimensional (3D) CFD code is compared with its reduced two-dimensional (2D) version of the code for up to four processors. The performance gain obtained is encouraging.

3 ref

014878   Hota A K;Ratha B K;Mahapatra A K;Modi M (NO, National Informatics Centre, Dep of Electronics and IT, Ministry of C, Odisha) : Web services approach to address the challenges in tribal development. J Comput Technol Applic 2012, 3(2), 42-54.

In the world of ever-maturing distributed computing, service oriented architecture (SOA) and representational state transfer (REST) are the popular distributed architectures whereas web services, Windows communication foundation (WCF), .net remoting, etc., are the core components of inter-service communications. In a multi-application environment, applications multiply very fast and consequently inter-communication complexity grows at an alarming rate. Simplifying the inter-application communication is a long desired goal for several reasons. Specifically, in e-Governance type of solutions, where multiple applications are implemented on different platforms and governed across departments, the inter-application communication is of paramount importance for seamless service to citizens. Fail -over, load balancing, security, etc., soon become nightmares and service management is challenged. Distributed services and even more distributed service consumers make an inefficient architecture - resulting in lower citizen value from systems. The objective is to develop a prototype "Integrated Data Engine" that centralizes inter-application service calls as a proxy which provides fault tolerance, security, load balancing capabilities, etc., with the specific focus on tribal development sector.

13 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

014877   Eluri N R;Irfan M;Khan M S;Khan A (NO, College of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Email: eluri76@gmail.com) : Cascade of gait recognition with surveillance system in a client-server environment. J Comput Technol Applic 2012, 3(1), 23-36.

Presents a system consisting of the application of gait recognition, a physiological biometric applied in a client-server environment. Now-a-days security plays a very important role in almost all fields and most of the public places like banks, airports, railway stations, etc., which require more security as the thieves and criminals are very intelligent whose objective is to create problems for human life and many untoward incidents. The gait recognition is a biometric used to identify an individual by their walking style. This has an advantage over other biometrics like face recognition because it is an unobtrusive biometric technique. In the early stage of preprocessing, an image is captured using image sensors and later segmentation is performed on the captured image to get foreground from a background. The segmented image is given as input to the Hough transform which generates a line base model from which gait features can be extracted and later gait can be recognized. Later, gait recognition of 10 subjects is stored in a gait database. A number of surveillance cameras with attached computers are connected to the gait database. If the camera identifies a subject in the given area whose gait is matching with the subject present in the gait database, it gives an alarm sound to the security department indicating the presence of a thief. so the security department can take necessary action.

6 illus, 4 tables, 17 ref

014876   Dharwa J N;Patel A R (NO, A.M. Patel Instittue of Computer Studies, Ganpat University, Kherva-382 711, Email: jndharwa@yahoo.com) : Transaction pattern generation toll (TPGT) for prediction of online financial transactions. J Comput Technol Applic 2012, 3(3), 1-12.

Internet all over the world is growing rapidly. It has given rise to new opportunities in every field we can think of - be it entertainment, business, sports or education. There are two sides to a coin. Internet also has its own disadvantages. One of the major disadvantages is cyber crime - illegal activity committed on the Internet. The Internet, along with its disadvantages, has also exposed us to security risks that come with connecting to a large network. Computers today are being misused for illegal activities like e-mail espionage, credit card frauds, spasms, software piracy and so on, which invade our privacy and offend our senses. Criminal activities in the cyberspace are on the rise. The transaction pattern generation tool (TPGT) will generate the patterns (parameters) based on them historical data stored in the data warehouse. TPGT is implemented in Oracle 9i. It generates more than 60 parameters. All the patterns generated by TPGT will collectively decide the purchasing behavior of the card holder. These patterns are very useful for verifying the current transaction performed by the card holder online. This tool is used to decide the sensitivity of the current online transaction performed by the customer by providing patterns to fraud detection system (FDS). Then, FDS is able to predict the current online transaction by monitoring how far or close the transaction is to all the past transactions.

4 illus, 10 ref

014875   Ahmed Allam G S (NO, Cairo University, Egypt, Email: Dr.gamalallam@gmail.com) : Effectiveness of E-learning and design of e-learning environments. J Comput Technol Applic 2011, 2(1), 41-59.

Theoretical background of the learning researches is important to illustrate the theories and practices which are effective on achieving the educational objectives. The e-learning still needs the studies to respond for inquiries that face expanding and development of this system globally. For example the disagreements of the researches' findings in e-learning effectiveness on the learning domains achievement (Ruth Clarck, 2007 / Thomas Brus & John Saye and others, 2009), looking for defining the e-learning process that attains actual e-learning practices and objectives, necessity to define the formal and constructional characteristics of the e-learning environment. The research investigates two main concepts. First, the e-learning process that enables learners to practice and achieve high levels of e-learning objectives. Second, the formal and constructional characteristics of e-learning environment which direct the educators and designers to develop the effectiveness of e-learning environment. Finally, processing these issues can reinforce the challenges that face the e-learning growth, and clarify the differences and debates that surround the outcomes, certificates and accreditation of the e-learning internationally.

8 illus, 38 ref

012818   Sunil Kumar V V (PBRVITS, Kavali, SPSR, Nellore Dist., Andhra Pradesh-524 210) : Quadtree coding scheme for image compression using wavelet transform. J Comput mathl Sci 2013, 4(1), 21-9.

This paper is concerned with the design and implementation of an image compression method based on biorthogonal tap-9/7 discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and quadtree coding method. As a first step the color correlation is handled using YUV color representation instead of RGB. Then, the chromatic sub-bands are downsampled, and the data of each color band is transformed using wavelet transform. The produced wavelet sub-bands are quantized using hierarchal scalar quantization method. The detail quantized coefficient is coded using quadtree coding followed by Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) encoding. While the approximation coefficients are coded using delta coding followed by LZW encoding. The test results indicated that the compression results are comparable to those gained by standard compression schemes.

3 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

012817   Sheik Subani A F (Computer Science Dep, CMJ Univ, Shillong) : Route stability in WiMAX (802.16). J Comput mathl Sci 2013, 4(1), 49-52.

Discussion is based on five main aspects of WiMAX network implementation. Establishment and development of Base Stations (BS), Access Service Network Gateway (ASNG), and Connectivity Service Network (CSN), Base Station Controllers (BSC) and an Analogous Option (AO) to the GSM model are taken into account. The above mentioned entities are considered as integrative parts of WiMAX network establishment and implementation. Starting from 2011 the system was updated and rate was up to 1 Gigabits for fixed stations. The main emphasis in thesis is made on alternative nature of WiMAX.

6 ref

012816   Matele S;Sahu M;Shrivastava M;Rizvi M A (NO, NITTTR, Bhopal) : Green perception: A B-tree based energy sentient algorithm for MANET. J Comput mathl Sci 2013, 4(1), 57-67.

Due to the emission of hazardous substances, climate and environment is changing very rapidly which is often dangerous to the human behavior. Preserving the planet should be the prime goal because it aims to preserve life. To cope up with this problem, there is need to save the earth. The contribution of IT and ICT based work is known as "GREEN COMPUTING". Green computing can be defined "the study and practice of designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers, servers, and associated subsystems-such as monitors, printers, storage devices, and networking and communications systems efficiently and effectively with minimal or no impact on the environment. Many corporate IT departments have Green computing initiatives to reduce the environmental impacts of their IT operations. Research continues into key areas such as making the use of computers as energy-efficient as possible, and designing algorithms and systems for efficiency-related computer technologies. As energy demands in the world go up, energy supply is declining or flat. Energy efficient systems helps ensure healthy power systems. Also, more companies are generating more of their own electricity, which further motivates them to keep power consumption low. In this paper an honest attempt is made to reduce the power consumption of node in MANET (Mobile Adhoc Network) by applying iB-tree and IP addressing scheme which is getting popularity day by day.

s, 15 ref

012815   John Peter S (Computer Science and Research Center Dep, St. Xavier's College, Palayamkottai, Tamil Nadu) : Distance-based outliers and hubs using minimum spanning tree. J Comput mathl Sci 2013, 4(1), 37-47.

Minimum Spanning Tree based Clustering is an important task for the discovery of underlying structures in graph. Many algorithms find clusters by maximizing the number of intra-cluster edges. While such algorithms find useful and interesting structures, they tend to fail to identify and isolate two kinds of vertices that play special roles - vertices that bridge clusters (hubs) and vertices that are marginally connected to clusters (outliers). In this paper, we model hubs as core nodes having very high Average Weight Factor (AWF) value. Identifying hubs is useful for applications such as viral marketing and epidemiology since hubs are responsible for spreading ideas and disease. In contrast, outliers have little or no influence, and may be isolated as noise in the data. In this paper we propose an algorithm called Distance-based algorithm for Outliers and Hubs Using Minimum Spanning Tree (DBOHMST), which detect outliers and hubs in graph.

2 illus, 2 tables, 39 ref

011754   Mecwan A;Savani V;Gajjar V (Institute of Technology, Nirma Univ, Ahmedabad-382 481, Email: vijay.savani@nirmauni.ac.in) : Design and implementation of audio steganography of FPGA. J Elect Des Technol 2011, 2(1), 1-6.

As the emergence of latest hacking programs and attention of hackers in hacking more and more data, the need arises to make an integrated circuit that can help hiding the message in such a form that no one can hack it easily. The audio Steganographer is a device or an integrated circuit that facilitates the user to hide a massage in the ongoing digital audio stream. It also ensures the purity of the audio upon playback. The integrated circuit consists of various blocks like Encoder/Decoder, Encryption/Decryption, Pseudo Random Number generator, Register Control Unit etc. The Report talks on the design aspects of all the listed blocks in detail. The report also discusses the various protocol developed during the design phase. It is obvious that the digital audio stream will definitely be distorted by stegenography. The care has been taken that the audio stream is not damaged to an extent that it cannot be recovered back. The last part of the report discussees the verification of the design. The development of the test bench and the simulation results are also indicated.

6 illus, 9 ref

011753   Adhikari R;Agrawal R K (School of Computer and Systems Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, New Delhi-110 067, Email: adhikari.ratan@gmail.com) : Forecasting strong seasonal time series with artificial neural networks. J scient ind Res 2012, 71(10), 657-66.

Many practical time series often exhibit trends and seasonal patterns. The traditional statistical models eliminate the effect of seasonality from a time series before making future forecasts. As a result, the computational complexities are increased together with substantial reductions in overall forecasting accuracies. This paper comprehensively explores the outstanding ability of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in recognizing and forecasting strong seasonal patterns without removing them from the raw data. Six real-world time series having dominant seasonal fluctuations are used in our work. The performances of the fitted ANN for each of these time series are compared with those of three traditional models both manually as well as through a non-parametric statistical test. The empirical results show that the properly designed ANNs are remarkably efficient in directly forecasting strong seasonal variations as well as outperform each of the three statistical models for all six time series. A robust algorithm together with important practical guidelines is also suggested for ANN forecasting of strong seasonal data.

5 illus, 3 tables, 35 ref

010796   Prabhavathi D (NO, I/C, Sri Padmavathi Women's Univ, Tirupati-517 502) : Using internet technology in Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh: a study (women's university). J Libr Inf Technol 2012, 8(1), 12-21.

The Internet enables effective and efficient communication. It is as easy to communication with people around the globe, as it is to communicate with people in the next building. Using tools like electronic mail, mailing lists and news groups, the human network of any individual can be expanded to include others with similar interests all around the world. These communication tools allow us to share ideas, collaborate on projects, and ask questions and request information from experts, researchers, professionals, and enthusiasts in a wide variety of fields. Despite it's technological nature, the Internet is a place where people communicate. The Internet allows quick and easy distribution of information. Internet information is distributed and can be located anywhere in the world and be accessible to an international audience. This makes dissemination process very efficient.

5 tables, 6 ref

010795   Pandey H;Tiwari P S;Chauhan N;Karyakarte Y (NO, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehradun) : Synergistic fusion of hyperspectral and high resolution image for improving performance and reliability of automatically extracted urban features. J Remote Sensing GIS 2010, 1(1), 1-11.

Image fusion is a generic word referring to several techniques of digital image processing which are used to integrate data from different spatial and spectral resolutions in order to obtain higher-quality synthetic images. This paper emphasizes the assessment and systematic analysis of image fusion techniques by measuring the quantity of enhanced information in fused images, EO1- Hyperion and IKONOS (MSS+PAN) have been fused using Principal component analysis. Gram-Schmidt Transformation (GST) and High Pass Filtering (HPF) algorithms. The photo interpretive potential and their statistical ability to preserve the spectral quality of fused data, in companion with original Hyper-spectral image, have been investigated. A set of measures of effectiveness such as Correlation Coefficient, Mean, Median, Standard Deviation, and RMSE are used for comparative performance analysis and then best of fusion algorithms has been used for the purpose of automatic extraction of various urban features. This paper also explores the utility of object-oriented method to extract various urban features from the best fused high resolution data. The results were evaluated through comparison to manually acquired data, Several quality measures (Completeness, Correctness., and Quality etc,) were used for evaluating the accuracy of extraction The results indicate that the fusion of Hyperspeetral data with high spatial resolution data has an edge over multispectral dataset in terms of automatic extraction based on roof ;and road material.

6 illus, 26 ref

010794   Ozel B;Park H W (Computer Science Dep, Istanbul Bilgi Univ, Turkey, Email: bulent@cs.bilgi.edu.tr) : Examining korean political figures using co-word analysis in agreement with facial expressions in posted self-images. Collnet J Scientomet Inf Mgmt 2012, 6(1), 43-60.

This study combines online image content analysis and text content analysis of the homepages of political figures, specifically South Korean National Assembly members. The study attempts to explore the relations between (1) the types of facial expressions present, using the official photographs on the members' homepages, (2) the textual contents of self-posted public profiles, again using members' homepages, (3) members' socio-political-demographic attributes, and (4) their web visibility and link counts on popular websites. In a previous study, we examined the emotional content contained in facial pictures of South Korean politicians. The results suggested significant patterns between facial expressions, web visibility and the socio-demographic attributes of politicians. In this paper, we further explore the textual contents of members' homepages using co-word analysis techniques to ascertain to what extent textual contents are in agreement with facial expressions in posted self-images. In addition, having employed co-word analysis we attempt to derive a strategic diagram of the 18th National Assembly based on clusters of key phrases and words posted on the members homepages. This approach allows us to investigate central and peripheral clusters of keywords and their distribution considering members socio-political-demographic attributes.

9 illus, 3 tables, 19 ref

010793   Halawani S M;Alhaddad M;Ahmad A (Information Technology Dep, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdul Aziz Univ, Rabih, Jeddah, Saud Arabia) : Digital mammograms by using clustering algorithms. J scient ind Res 2012, 71(9), 594-600.

This study presents clustering algorithms to study digital mammograms. Probabilistic clustering algorithms performed better than hierarchical clustering algorithm. Clustering results are competitive with classification results, indicating that clustering algorithms can be used as an important tool to study digital mammograms. Probabilistic clustering algorithms can also be used by radiologists to improve their prediction accuracy.

3 tables, 44 ref

010792   Bhatt P C P (Vidha Software Solutions, 393 (Phase-2) Palm Meadows Whitefield, Bangalore-560 066, Email: bhatt_pcp@consultant.com) : UNIX: genesis and design features. Resonance 2012, 17(8), 727-47.

UNIX was primarily designed by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs. It was, and continues to be, regarded as a seminal contribution to operating systems design methodology, architecture and research. The primary strengths of UNIX lie in the soundness of underlying design principles. This article aims at providing insights into the making of UNIX and in particular, how the notion of open software helped in taking a utility- and tool-driven approach. This approach provides both usability¹ and extensibility besides maintainability. In fact, we see that the designers used best software architecture practices. We discuss UNIX shell and its operating environment, kernel, file systems, process creation and management, version management and documentation standard. Every effort has been made to quote from authentic sources to trace history.

29 ref

010791   Bhaskar K (Electrical Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, Email: bhaskar@ee.iisc.ernet.in) : C- past, present, and future-a perspective. Resonance 2012, 17(8), 748-58.

This article looks at the development of the C language from its inception to the present day. The salient features of the language, which are of importance both historically as well as from the point of view of the industry, are brought out. Also, the impact of C as a cross-platform developmental language is highlighted.

6 ref

009651   Chavali L N;Sireesh Chandra V (NO, Vimta Labs Limited, Cheriapally, Hyderabad-500 051, Email: inchavali@yahoo.com) : Information technology consolidation with virtualization in a contract research organization. Curr Trends Biotechnol Pharm 2011, 5(3), 1353-61.

Enterprise server and storage products from most of OEMs like IBM, HP etc support virtualization and continuity, enabling Contract Research Organizations (CRO) to consolidate workloads across diverse operating environments and to deploy new solutions quickly, reliably and with a significantly lower total cost of ownership. The key requirement of the CRO at Hyderabad is that the existing application and database servers be replaced with HP blade and integrity servers, storage and backup solution to be provided for the servers; and replication is setup between primary and secondary sites for database (db) and non-db data. HP solution achieved the disaster tolerence by implementing Metro Cluster for databases and applications. The Lab requires 99.9% high availability for all servers and scientific applications to be migrated from the old platform to the new HP platform.

5 illus, 1 table, 4 ref