041169   KUNDAPUR R, NARASIMHA H H, BAISIL S, BADIGER S (Community Medicine Dep, Nitte (Deemed to be Univ), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Email: harshi.hn@gmail.com) : Assessment of smartphone addiction among adolescents in a university. Indian J Comm Health 2020, 32(1), 161-3Adolescent, Smartphone, Cross-sectional studies, Computers, Handheld, Cell phone, Surveys and q.

A smartphone is a combination of cellphone and handheld computers that created the greatest tech revolution since the Internet. The official name for smartphone addiction is Nomophobia which is defined as having a fear of not being with your phone. To assess the smartphone addiction among adolescents and its association with socio demographic factors. A cross sectional study among adolescents in a university in Mangalore among students <19yrs of age. Sample size was estimated using the prevalence formula, taking prevalence as 50 % and allowable error of 5 %. A validated, self-administered questionnaire was used for assessment. Proportion for addiction and Chi Square analysis was done. A total of 426 students were enrolled for the study. The prevalence of smartphone addiction was 57 % in the study population, females had higher addiction scores than males. There was significant association of family annual income, monthly pocket money and occupation of the father with smartphone addiction. The prevalence of smartphone addiction among adolescents is high. The results of our study showed that smartphone addiction is more prevalent in the families with higher economic status.

4 tables, 12 ref

042867   TAYYIB N A , RAMAIAH P, ALSHMEMRI M S , ALSOLAMI F J , LINDSAY G M , ALSULAMI S A , ASFOUR H (Umm Al-Qura Univ, Makkah, Saudi Arabia, Email: prponaiah@uqu.edu.sa) : Faculty members' readiness implementing e-learning in higher education Saudi Universities: A cross-sectional study. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(25), 2558–64.

This article reports on an e-learning readiness study that was carried out to determine the institutional, individual, and communication factors of the two major stakeholder groups (teachers and institutions) in the higher education universities in Saudi Arabia. A sample of 139 faculty members working in ten higher education universities in Saudi Arabia was surveyed in this cross-sectional study. A pre-validated survey questionnaire of e-learning was adopted to collect data from the participants' between April and May 2019. The pre-validated survey tool of Teachers' Readiness for Online Learning Measure (TROLM) of an 18 item scale has been explored in four factors: Communication self-efficacy, institutional support, self-directed learning, and learning-transfer self-efficacy. The findings of this study are instrumental in implementing successful e-learning resources (strategies) in Higher Education Institutions and will also benefit e-learning initiatives in similar institutions in other regions of Saudi Arabia and beyond. The Study demonstrated the supportive e-learning strategies Blackboard system that facilitated faculty members' readiness to teach university students during the sudden transition from traditional methods to the e-learning platforms.

3 tables, 23 ref

042865   CHANDIO A A, LEGHARI M, PANHWAR A O , NIZAMANI S Z , LEGHARI M (Information Technology Dep, Quaid-e-Awam Univ of Engineering, Nawabshah, Pakistan, Email: a.chandio@student.adfa.edu.au) : Deep learning-based isolated handwritten Sindhi character recognition. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(25), 2565–74.

The problem of handwritten text recognition is vastly studied since last few decades. Many innovative ideas have been developed, where state-of-the-art accuracy is achieved for the English, Chinese or Indian scripts. The recent developments for the cursive scripts such as Arabic and Urdu handwritten text recognition have achieved remarkable accuracy. However, for the Sindhi script, existing systems have not shown significant results and the problem is still an open challenge. Several challenges such as variations in writing styles, joined text, ligature overlapping, and others associated to the handwritten Sindhi text make the problem more complex. In this study, a deep residual network with shortcut connections and summation fusion method using convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed for automatic feature extraction and classification of handwritten Sindhi characters. To increase the powerful feature representation ability of the network, the features of the convolutional layers in the residual block are fused together and combined with the output of the previous residual block. The proposed network is trained on a custom developed handwritten Sindhi character dataset. To tackle the problem of small data, a data augmentation with rotation, flipping and image enhancement techniques have been used. The experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms than the best results previously published for the handwritten Sindhi character recognition. This is the first research that proposes deep residual network with summation fusion for the Sindhi handwritten text recognition.

6 illus, 3 tables, 21 ref

042863   USHA S M, MAHESH H B (JSS Academy of Technical Education, Bengaluru - 560 060, Karnataka, Email: ushasm@jssateb.ac.in) : Minimization of power and area of digital modulator for cellular communication using cadence in 180nm, 90nm and 45nm CMOS technology. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(25), 2537–46.

Low power modulators are most efficient for wireless communication. Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) is used widely for high data rate communication than BPSK and QPSK, since it carries more bits of information per symbol over the channel. The objective of this work is to minimize the power consumption and area utilization of 32-bit QAM modulator. In this work, three new procedures are introduced for 32QAM modulator. In the first approach, sine and cosine data generated using conventional technique are stored in ROM and the stored data is selected based on the input sequence to generate the output signal. This approach reduces the power consumption and area utilization. In the second approach, information bit stream is modulated with sine and cosine waves generated by iterative algorithm to minimize power and area requirement. In the third approach, booth multiplication algorithm is employed to generate QAM signal. This method of generating QAM signal consumes less power and area in comparison with the conventional modulator. The work is synthesized, analyzed, and compared in 180nm, 90nm and 45nm CMOS technology using Cadence software. In 180nm CMOS technology power consumption noticed is 60662.740nW, 617020.071nW and 133679.687nW with the proposed method1, method2 and method3 respectively. An Area utilized in 180nm CMOS technology is 1341µm2, 20746.757µm2, and 2754µm2 respectively in proposed 32QAM modulator with ROM, 32QAM modulator with proposed Iterative algorithm and 32QAM modulator with Booth multiplication algorithm. The conventional 32QAM devours additional power and area. In this work area and power reduction is achieved with respect to the conventional method. The same work is carried out with 90nm and 45nm CMOS technology. Three novel approaches to 32QAM are proposed. The proposed work is synthesized, analyzed, tabulated and compared with conventional method and shown that power consumption and area utilization are minimum than compared to the conventional method.

9 illus, 5 tables, 14 ref

042862   VIRMANI C, KAUSHIK N , MOHAK , MATHUR V , SAXENA S (Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad - 121 004, Haryana, Email: charu.fet@mriu.edu.in) : Analysis of cyber attacks and security intelligence: Identity theft. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(25), 2529–36.

To analyse the cybersecurity risks and their impact on the organizations. Researcher attempts to list down the issues and mitigation of Identity theft as a risk. This study develops a theoretical framework for future researchers and organizations for awareness and impact of Identity theft in area of cybercrime. The study has dogged various mechanisms by which watermarking can be applied to overcome to prevent identity theft attack. Researcher has emphasized the need for security solution and listed the steps to achieve security. An integrated view of identity theft and watermarking is formulated and proposed. The right balance between the application and techniques of watermarking opted will protect the user against the various types of identity theft attacks. Identity Theft has gained momentum in online space. The study highlighted various issues, consequences and economy of identity theft attacks with securing networks for unauthorized access. Watermarking plays an important role in authentication and authorization of data and proved a viable solution to mitigate identity theft attack.

4 illus, 17 ref

042861   KHASAWNEH M A S (Special Education Dep, King Khalid Univ, Saudi Arabia, Email: mkhasawneh@kku.edu.sa) : The leadership roles of Saudi special education teachers from their own perspectives. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(25), 2520–8.

To examine the leadership roles of Saudi special education teachers from their own perspective and to survey their views toward challenges in leadership. The study used the survey method, for which a questionnaire was developed and distributed to a sample of (n = 200). The results indicated that special education teachers had little experience in leadership roles, where they considered participation in conflict resolution among colleagues as their most important leadership role participation in mentoring, follow-up or training is the least important. The results of the study revealed that there were no statistically significant differences between male and female special education teachers in their level of enacted leadership. The level of education and years of experience were found to have a significant impact on the leadership level of teachers. The inclusion of students with special needs in regular schools require teachers with leadership skills. Therefore, this study came as the first study to tackle this topic in Saudi Arabia.

7 tables, 31 ref

042859   BHAGAWATI P (Cotton Univ, Guwahati - 781 001, Assam, Email: parismita.march1995@gmail.com) : Awareness and attitude towards reproductive and sexual health rights and practices among college students: An empirical study. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(25), 2502–8.

To assess the knowledge, awareness and attitudes among college going students towards reproductive and sexual health rights, issues and practices. A cross-sectional study was conducted across colleges of Guwahati city among the first year students over the months of January and February 2020. The method of systematic random sampling was used. Sample size amounted to 306 students. Age group of the sample ranged between 18-19 years. The basic inclusion criteria was that the target population needs to be first year students enrolled in either science or arts stream. Self-administered questionnaires were the primary method of data collection. Analysis of data was done using Microsoft excel and open EPI software. Chi square test of independence was performed to test linkages between crucial variables. A total of 306 students were enrolled for the study. With respect to knowledge about legal statutes relating to reproductive rights issues like abortion, duration of maternity leave, 52 % of the respondents had correct knowledge and information. 49 % of the students were aware about the legality of homosexuality in India. Knowledge questions on sexual health and menstrual hygiene generated correct responses from 44 % of students. 87 % of the students favoured inclusion of sex education in at the institutional levels and free supply of implements for maintenance of menstrual hygiene at schools and colleges. The findings of this study can supplement and assist further health policy research in the field of adolescent sexual health rights and needs especially, in the Northeastern Indian region. 

4 tables, 18 ref

042857   HABIB M B, HAQ M Z U , TUFAIL W , NAZEER M T , DIN B M U , MAFOOZ M (Malaya Univ, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Email: badar.habib@iub.edu.pk) : Validating of the Urdu version of international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ-U) among Pakistani population. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(24), 2484–90.

Physical inactivity is a primary risk factor for global mortality and a large percentage of population are sedentary. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) is a self-reported mechanism for measuring physical activity and inactivity. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to measure the reliability and validity of the short IPAQ-U among Pakistani adults. The study sample includes Pakistani male and female adults aged between 18 and 65 Years (M + SD 31.71 + 10.30), who were regular participating for the last six months in various physical activity and exercise. The total 386 participants were asked to complete the Urdu version of IPAQ short (male 60.6 %, n = 234, and female 39.4 %, n= 152). The value of Spearman's coefficients correlation for Vigorous-intensity was showed good value of test-retest reliability and significantly correlated (male = 0.72), (female = 0.80), and (total sample = 0.73). While, moderate intensity was also significantly correlated (male = 0.69), (female = 0.76), and (total sample = 0.71). Walking significantly correlated (male = 0.56), (female = 0.82 (total sample = 0.59). Physical activity overall was significantly correlated (male = 0.74), (female = 0.42), (age 18-34 Years = 0.86), (age 35-50 Years = 0.78), (age 51-65 Years = 0.85) and (total sample = 0.90).In this population, the short IPAQ-U established acceptable instrument, the reliability and validity of the IPAQ-U was significant. While there were some limitations of the study regarding test-retest reliability and in classification, the IPAQ-U was a suitable tool for measuring level of physical activity.

4 tables, 49 ref

042854   PRASAD K N , JOIS S N (World Pranic Healing Foundation India – Research Center, Mysuru, Karnataka, Email: research@pranichealing.co.in) : Effect of Pranic agriculture on vegetative growth characteristics of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(24), 2446–51.

The present study was aimed to understand the application of pranic agriculture (PA) on the vegetative growth of Spinach. Methods: Spinach seeds were divided into non-pranic and pranic and sown in agricultural plots and growth parameters were recorded on 14, 26, 32, and 40 days respectively. The data were analyzed using Independent t-test at the 5 % (p<.05) level of significance. Shoot length and the number of leaves of Pranic treated Spinach were found to be significantly (p<.001) higher when compared with non-pranic samples. Also, stem diameter, root length, and leaf lengths were all higher in pranic treated Spinach. Pranic agriculture has the potential to enhance Spinach growth and thus could help farmers to overcome the agrarian crisis.

1 illus, 5 tables, 26 ref

042853   SAEED M U, BILAL M Z , RAZA M R (Central Punjab Univ, Lahore, Pakistan, Email: usman841@yahoo.com) : Political speeches and media agenda: electoral rigging movement — 2013 as a building factor of media agenda in Pakistan. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(24), 2436–45.

To explore the relationship of Pakistani Political Leader Imran Khan Speeches and newspapers agenda examining the coverage of electoral rigging issue which gained the momentum of a movement in Pakistan during post elections 2013 against the then siting government of Pakistan Muslim League Nawaz's (PML-N). The study takes its roots from the network agenda setting model. It aims to study the model in the context of agenda building in Pakistan. Social Network Analysis technique was used to analyze the data collected from two sources including: Live speeches of movement leader, Imran Khan and coverage of three leading Urdu dailies of Pakistan; Express, Dunya and Jang to explore the relationship among these agenda setting networks. Firstly, we performed content analysis of 128 speeches of Imran Khan, 964 news stories and 239 editorials of sample newspapers. Secondly, we turned data into matrices and applied network analysis techniques with the help of UCINet and NetDraw software. QAP Correlation indicates strong association among, Imran Khan Speeches and newspapers agenda. However, these associations are different for two issues; Electoral rigging, and PML-N rigging. Imran Khan influenced the media agenda more for shaping the image of elections-2013 as unfair and rigged. On the other hand, his speeches were found less influential in shaping media agenda about the involvement of PML-N in electoral rigging. In this way, study reveals that third level agenda building effects depend upon the political nature of issues.

6 illus, 1 table, 49 ref

042852   MUNIR S, JAMI S I (Computer Science Dep, Muhammad Ali Jinnah Univ, Karachi, Pakistan, Email: sirajmunir93@gmail.com) : Current trends in cloud computing. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(24), 2418–35.

This work reviewed the latest, state-of-the-art works in the area of Cloud Computing to help researchers, developers and stakeholders in decisionmaking. The reviewed works are filtered after the rigorous process by using renowned indexing database of ACM and IEEE along with the subject based journals on Cloud Computing of international repute. These papers are further filtered by selecting papers published in last 4 years only. Our initial findings lead our reviews to five major areas of Cloud Computing including Load balancing, resource scheduling, resource allocation, resource sharing, and job scheduling. In this work we have limited ourselves to only technical aspects of cloud computing while excluding areas of security, privacy and economics (for example CapEx). We have presented our findings in the form of tables and graphs showing trends in Cloud Computing towards research community on the basis of five aspects as mentioned above. Our findings show that researchers are working in the area of Job Scheduling while low attention has been given in Resource Scheduling. Moreover, an open source robust framework for research community is needed covering all the aspects shown above for running experiments. Currently these features are available in commercial and proprietary frameworks including Amazon Web Service, Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform.

9 illus, 3 tables, 62 ref

042851   TRIBHUVANAM S, NAGARAJ H C , NAIDUV P S (Electronics Dep, Mysore Univ, Mysore - 570 005, Email: stribhuvanam@yahoo.co.in) : Analysis and classification of ECG beat based on wavelet decomposition and SVM. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(24), 2404–17.

To extract the features of single arrhythmia ECG beat. To develop efficient algorithms for automated detection of arrhythmia based on ECG. The methodology includes pre-processing and segmentation of ECG. Extraction of ECG features are to support the ECG beat classification and analysis of cardiac abnormalities using machine learning techniques. Wavelet decomposition is considered for feature extraction and classification with multiclass support vector machine. This work evaluates the suitability of the wavelet features of ECG for classifier. The proposed arrhythmia classifier results in an accuracy up to 98 % for various classes of arrhythmia considered in this work. This work is an assistive tool for medical practitioners to examine ECG in a limited time with their expertise to make the accurate abnormality diagnosis of the arrhythmia.

13 illus, 10 tables, 19 ref

042850   NAGHSHBAND S, ARAGHI M A F (Mathematics Dep, Islamic Azad Univ, Tehran, Iran, Email: s_naghshband@yahoo.com) : Solving the cubic complex ginzburg-laundau equation by homotopy analysis method. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(24), 2387–403.

This paper obtains the series solution of the cubic complex Ginzburg-Laundau equation, by means of homotopy analysis method(HAM). In addition to the homotopy analysis method, homotopy perturbation and Adomian decomposition methods are applied to determine approximation solution of the cubic complex Ginzburg-Laundau equation and advantage of using HAM. Also a theorem is proved to guarantee the convergence of the HAM to solve this equation. Three examples are solved to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method, this method is compared with other analytical approximate methods such as homotopy perturbation method (HPM)and Adomiam decomposition method(ADM) and it can be seen that these methods have the same results for this equation. Homotopy analysis method as a reliable and valid scheme can be used to work out the cubic complex Ginzburg-Laundau equation which is nonlinear partial differential equation.

5 illus, 5 tables, 29 ref

042849   ZAKA A, AKHTER A S , JABEEN R (Government Coll of Science, Lahore, Pakistan, Email: azamzka@gmail.com) : Beta Lehmann-2 power function distribution with application to bladder cancer susceptibility and failure times of air-conditioned system. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(23), 2371–86.

Probability distributions have great use in reliability engineering where the researchers try to find the distribution of the different processes. To meet the needs of the reliability engineers, we have proposed a simple probability distribution named as Beta Lehman-2 which may be proved more useful as compared to already existing models of the probability distributions. The aim of the study is to show the performance of the proposed distribution over already existing distributions. In this study, a new Beta Lehmann-2 Power function distribution (BL2PFD) is proposed. We suggest a new generator that will modify the Power function distribution called Beta Lehmann-2 generator (BL2-G). The various properties of the new distribution have been discussed in detail such as moments, vitality function, conditional moments and order statistics etc. We have also characterized the BL2PFD based on conditional variance. This distribution can be used for approximately symmetric data (normal data), positive and negative skewed data. The application of this distribution is illustrated by using data sets from medical and engineering sources. The shape of the new distribution has been studied for applied sciences. After analyzing data, we conclude that the proposed model BL2PFD perform better in all the data sets while compared to different competitor models.

6 illus, 5 tables, 31 ref

042848   MAMDOUH R, EL-BAKRY H M , RIAD A , EL-KHAMISY N (Information Systems Dep, Mansoura Univ, Egypt, Email: rafeekmty@hotmail.com) : Using azure to construct recent architecture for visualize training in real-time. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(23), 2355–70.

In recent years, visualization systems were not only entertainment but also essential in training in our various fields. They do not depend on fixed devices only. They use visual systems, such as the headmounted display that Microsoft developed as the Mixed Reality (MR) HoloLens. Its features are equipped with engines that allow the user to interact with the headset via oral orders to communicate remotely with specialists in the surgical field in real-life situations. The main objective of the study is to use the 3D anatomical information models, the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) file and all the patient's data, its registration on Azure cloud computing system, to obtain the necessary training and support in case of encountering any emergency before and during the surgical planning. This study presents the application as divided into two stages of anatomical simulation: training for local and international trainees through MR. The first stage classified (DICOM) files to the 3D model using the machine learning and HoloLens emulator of anatomy operational structure. The second stage involves Microsoft Azure and stores on cloud network by Data Lake, Azure Cosmo DB, and utilization of the Azure Spatial Anchors service to access the trainee to locate it at any time through the ID that is displayed by the IoT Sensor. This study examines Mixed Reality technology, HoloLens, and Head Mount Display to show the expected potential results to improve the surgeon's actions in surgery. This examination finished by 3D displaying anatomical models because they allow the surgeon to access the best solutions in real-life situations during the process to assess the three-dimensional holograms related to patient imaging or surgical techniques.

11 illus, 4 tables, 29 ref

046345   VENKATESWARAN T V (Vigyan Prasar, New Delhi- 110 016, Email: tvv123@gmail.com) : Tale of two videos: frame and narrative structure analysis of two covid-19 communication social media messages. J Scient Temp 2020, Vol 8(1&2), 18-37.

Coronavirus prevention efforts both protect the people who engage in them and promote the welfare of society. However, often not facts and information, but emotions drive the risk perceptions. Emotions influence our reasoning and impact on our behaviours. To tide over the COVID 19 epidemic, all people must abide by certain practices, ranging from easy to observe, but annoying, hand washing to more socially disruptive physical distancing. Lockdowns, curfews and other political and administrative measures make additional demands. Using frame and narrative structure analysis, in this paper, we examine two videos, prepared by the Kerala and Tamil Nadu police personnel for social media dissemination. Using the frame analysis methodology and narrative structure analysis, we explore the frames, stereotypes, metaphors, actors, and messages encoded in the selected two videos and draw inferences on the influence it can have on the audiences. 

4 tables, 27 ref

042843   UMAR M , GILL S H, SHAIKH R A , RIZWAN M (Computer Science Dep, Shah Abdul Latif Univ, Khairpur, 66020, Sindh, Pakistan, Email: sajidgill418@gmail.com) : Cloud-based energy efficient smart street lighting system. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(23), 2311–8.

Pakistan is experiencing significant energy crises for the last two decades. The increasing power demand cannot be controlled with traditional energy techniques. The conventional street lighting system remains ON all over the night. Consequently, a huge amount of energy is wasted. To overcome the shortage of energy, an efficient smart lighting system is proposed. The prime thought to accomplish is ``Energy on-demand'' i.e. handed-in wherever, whenever required. To achieve this goal, the cloudbased smart street lighting system provides a feasible solution. The proposed system uses an Arduino and its various shields based on a movement-based actuation system like Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), automate the street lighting system. This design is executed and implemented on a one-way road and its results are carried out at three different scenario cases. The analysis is done by a decision-making module that obtains results from the sensor (LiDAR). The availability of low cost advanced devices like LiDAR, Arduino, cloud storage, and the accessibility of wired and wireless connection, smart street lighting system becomes a reality. The proposed system is beneficial to overcome the CO₂ emission. Further, it will also be helpful to avoid the unnecessary consumption of streetlight as well as to reduce power utilization and save energy up to 99 %.  This proposed framework has an immense potential to revolutionize street lighting and to achieve the demand for a smart street lighting system that is easy to maintain, durable, and reliable.

4 illus, 1 table, 22 ref

042842   ZHANG C , LIU J, CHHACHHAR A R (Yunnan Normal Univ, China, Email: liujianthu@qq.com) : A comparative study of the global internet governance system between China and the United States. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(23), 2303–10.

To study on the Internet governance and effect factors of the order of cyberspace, "multi-stakeholder" governance concept and legal rules in global Internet governance. Based on the literature of Internet governance theory and open source data, this study makes a critical analysis of global governance strategies in the United States and China. Since the definition of Internet governance was explicitly determined during the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) in 2004, the United States have proposed the "multi-stakeholder" governance concept, whereas the global Internet governance system advocated by China believes that the mode of "multilateral and democratic intergovernmental cooperation" should be promoted under the leadership of the United Nations. The paper puts forward for the first time the three most important focal points of China and the United States in the global Internet governance system, including of formulation of legal rules, the allocation of key resources, and the management of multinational institutions. This study found that the global Internet governance should carry out the transformation from IPv4 to IPv6, DNS management and other work, to prevent the root server only in the hands of individual countries. International organizations should promote the internationalization of the Internet corporation for assigned names and Numbers (ICANN) and the Internet corporation for assigned Numbers (IANA), avoid completely excluding government agencies, and strive to promote the common cooperation of multiple global stakeholders.

1 illus, 8 ref

042841   SHRIVASTAVA V K, HORE U , KALA J (Amity School of Natural Resources & Sustainable Development Amity Univ, Noida - 201 303, Email: vkshrivastava@hotmail.com) : An investigation on ecotourism potential and possibility of community integration in its development in Orchha, Central India. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(23), 2294–302.

The present investigation was undertaken with an aim to study the floral and faunal diversity of the Orchha Wildlife Sanctuary (OWS) and to study whether ecotourism can be utilized for community development in the study area. Floristic and faunal diversity was studied through surveys followed by sample collection and their identification and visual sighting. Community was studied for understanding their socio-economics, livelihoods and attitude and perception of ecotourism. Similarly, data were collected from the tourists (domestic and foreign) about tourists' profile, demands, their attitude and perception about ecotourism activities and their level of satisfaction. Two hundred twenty rural households, hundred domestic visitors and fifty foreign tourists were surveyed in Orchha and OWS using convenience sampling technique. Primary data (both qualitative and quantitative) were collected mainly by using semi structured questionnaires and group discussions. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and frequency statistics while qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis and framework analysis models. Forty two genera of angiosperms comprising 23 families were observed in the sanctuary. A total of 15 fish, 6 amphibians, 13 reptile, 98 bird, and 19 mammal species are reported. It was found that the birds were the most dominant vertebrates. Four species of turtle and rare species of vulture including king vulture were present in the OWS. OWS has got lot of potential for community based ecotourism development. Integration of community requires skill development and capacity building by training the youths of the village with tourism business skills. These youths can form village level institution to run the ecotourism business for capacity building of rural community, infrastructure development and benefit sharing. This institution would also participate in the conservation of natural resources and biodiversity. This is a first such extensive study of the floral and faunal diversity of OWS. Further, this is the first attempt to study the possible integration of ecotourism activities with community development activities of the area. 

5 tables, 32 ref

042839   ALKHAWALDEH M A, KHASAWNEH M A S (Mohammad Abedrabbu Alkhawaldeh King Khaled Univ, Abha, Saudi Arabia, Email: malkhawaldeh@kku.edu.sa) : Developing acoustic analysis skills among students with developmental apraxia of speech (DAS). Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(22), 2237–44.

This study aimed at examining the effectiveness of a cognitive training program on promoting phonemic awareness skills on aco ustic analysis skill among students with developmental apraxia of speech (DAS) in Saudi Arabia. The semi-experimental approach was used in this study. The training program was applied on (12) male and female students from the fourth and fifth grades from schools at Abha Educational District. Data were collected through the Developmental apraxia of speech (DAS) Scale developed by the researcher along with acoustic Analysis Scale developed in the literature Data were analysed using the SPSS software package. The results of the study showed significant improvements in acoustic analysis skills of the students who received the training program compared to students who were taught using the conventional methods. The results also revealed no connection between the age of students and their interaction with the developed training program. The final mean scores of the experimental group were better than the control group as scored in the post test, which indicted the effectiveness of the developed training program in improving acoustic analysis skills among the sample of the study. Special education teachers can use the designed program to help students with apraxia. Future research can investigate visual analytical skills in developmental apraxia of speech (DAS) in handwriting and other areas.

6 tables, 10 ref

042837   PRABHAKAR B, WANI T A (Physics Dep, International Univ, Greater Noida - 201 310, Email: budigiprabhakar@gmail.com) : Mechanical properties of YBCO superconductor under high-pressure. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(22), 2264–71.

The crystal structure of YBCO Superconductor has fascinated the material science research group. The calculation of mechanical properties of YBCO Superconductor under pressure is the main focus in this research work. Density Functional Theory calculations using Quantum ESPRESSO under high pressure increasing systematically have been calculated and performed for YBa₂Cu₃o₇ Superconductor. The only input required is the lattice parameters at corresponding pressure of materials which are predicted using first principle computational methods at desired high-pressure state. The lattice constants, variations, volume, density, Bulk modulus (B), Young modulus (E), Shear modulus (S) and Poisson ratio (n)values are calculated under pressure up to 30 GPa for YBCO Superconductor. Voigt-Reuss-Hill Approximations, Debye Sound velocities(ϑ_D), Debye temperature(θ_D) and Pugh's ratio(B/G) values have been calculated under pressure for YBCO Superconductor in this research work.A larger poisson's ratio value indicates ductile behavior and another criterion often used to differentiate between ductile and brittle behavior is the Poisson's ratio. Poisson's ratio greater than 0.26 implies the ductile behavior. With the application of elastic constants, we have obtained the Debye temperature and other physical quantities of YBa₂Cu₃o₇ under pressure.

11 illus, 4 tables, 15 ref

042835   SHETTIMA M B, SHARMA N , BANERJI P (Suresh Gyan Vihar Univ, Jaipur, Email: mrbee4real@gmail.com) : Impact of small and medium enterprises on employment generation in Kaduna State Nigeria. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(22), 2229–36.

To examine the impact small and medium enterprises have on employment generation in Kaduna state, Nigeria and devise new ways in boosting employment generation by enterprises. Primary data is utilised with the help of a questionnaire; a survey is carried out from 5 selected SMEs having a sample size of 1,000 respondents with 200 respondents in each of the 5 selected SMEs. The variables in concerned were analysed using the Kaiser Varimax Rotation for factor analysis to show the correlation and level of significance exhibited. The SPSS software version 20 was used for this purpose. Findings in the study showed that there are disparities in the employment generation trends among the selected SMEs which are as a result of inequity in finance, policy discontinuity, insecurity, lack of awareness, ineffective market linkages, among others. The correlation matrix shows that the variables are seen to correlate at the minimum significance level thus proving our hypothesis of how significant the impact SMEs have on employment generation. Also the extraction values of all the variables are quite high indicating that they are good extraction values and as the acceptable cumulative % value is 60 %, our eight variables used have been reduced to four factors which explain our total variance at a cumulative % of 69 %; this clearly shown that 69 % of the variance is explained by four (4) distinct factors. The result however showed that all the variables exhibit good relationship among each other which also implies that they have great impact on employment generation as their factor loading is very high. Findings in the study will fill the gap in the literature of employment generation by small and medium enterprises and its outcome will pave way in facilitating new models in bolstering employment generation.

1 illus, 6 tables, 9 ref

042833   AHMED Y, ASLAM M , MAHMOOD T (Govt. Islamia Coll, Lahore, Pakistan, Email: yaqoubahmedkhan@gmail.com) : A note on generalized m-derivations to weakly cancellative semirings. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(22), 2214–9.

Semirings is an important algebraic structure with applications in theory of automata, formal languages and theoretical computer science. The mappings which enforces commutativity in semirings remains attractive for researchers, since commutativity would be helpful in calculations and bring it's applications to ease. Our aim is to enforce commutativity in semirings by generalizing the classical theorem of Martindale [14, Theorem 3] with generalized m-derivation. Further, we discuss that composition of two generalized m-derivations ensure that one of their associated derivation must be trivial. We use generalized m-derivations which is associated to multiplicative derivations in certain semirings. We find the conditions of commutativity in semirings through these particular generalized m-derivations. Moreover, we discuss the characteristics of these mappings in weakly cancellative semirings. The concept of generalized m-derivations is newly introduced by us in ring theory in (1) and here we extend this concept to theory of semirings. We attempt to induce commutativity in weakly cancellative semirings (2) whose concept is unorthodox in the theory of semirings. This article pave new ways to study derivations and its applications on semirings.

14 ref

042831   SOURABH , MANSOTRA V , KOUR P , KUMAR S (Computer Science & IT Dep, Jammu Univ, Jammu & Kashmir) : Voting-Boosting: A novel machine learning ensemble for the prediction of Infants' Data. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(22), 2189–202.

Owing to the continuous increase of electronic records and recent advances in machine learning, various automated disease diagnosis tools have been developed and proposed in healthcare sector. In the present study, an ensemble methodology using voting and boosting techniques has been proposed for optimal selection of features and prediction of infants' data of India. For feature selection, the best-first search algorithm of wrapper technique has been used in addition to votingboosting. The proposed ensemble consists of combination of heterogeneous classifiers including Random Forest, J48, JRip, CART and Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD). The effectiveness of the proposed ensemble and single classifiers have been investigated in terms of classification accuracy, precision, f-measure, recall, MCC and PRC area using varied k-fold cross validation. The results depicted that the proposed Voting-Boosting ensemble (k=15) outperforms the individual classifiers using selected features. The proposed Voting-Boosting ensemble can be extended by using more state-of-the art classification approaches and further utilized for other healthcare datasets for enhancing the performance.

8 illus, 3 tables, 35 ref

042829   ALI S, HAQ A U , HAMID S , AFRASIAB (Journalism & Mass Communication Dep, Malakand Univ, Chakdara, Dir Lower, KP, Email: sajjadjmc@uom.edu.pk) : Communication strategy of khyber pakhtunkhwa government in pandemic: A case study of Corona virus (COVID-19). Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(22), 2175–81.

In every country, authorities develop strategies for the awareness, education and information at the time of a crisis. This study explored the communication strategies of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Government of Pakistan during the Corona virus (COVID-19)pandemic. Data was collected from the information department of KP. Secondary data was analyzed which was collected from the main information department Peshawar and the regional offices: Mardan, Abatabad, DI Khan, Malakand and Swat. Data was presented in a tabulated form in frequency distribution. The information department has used all type of methods, tactics and sources of information for the education, awareness and information of the public regarding Coronavirus (COVID-19) and made it possible to control the outbreak to a greater extent. KP government used all kind of media communication strategies including print media, radio, information departments, social media, videos and public service message for creating awareness among public. It is recommended that KP government until now has applied impressive communication strategies. It has been suggested to the government to use local influential public figures and places for the awareness of the people to overcome and control the pandemic.

4 tables, 28 ref

042828   SANJRANI A A, NAVEED M S , SAJID M , AHMED A , AWAN S , JUMANI A K (Computer Science and Information Technology Dep, Balochistan-Quetta Univ, Pakistan, Email: anwarali.cs@uob.edu.pk) : Multilingual OCR systems for the regional languages in Balochistan. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(21), 2157–67.

There are various languages for which an optical character recognition technology has been developed but most of these address a particular language and thereby multilingual OCR remains a challenge. Development of multilingual OCR is one of a highly debated issue. Researcher are studying the feasibility and operational feasibility of multilingual OCR from technical as well as from viable aspects. Multilingual OCR includes printed or handwritten characters' form. In this paper, we study the significance, challenges and issues of developing multilingual OCR system for regional language based on Persio-Arabic script by conducting a comprehensive survery about the operational viability of mmultilingual OCR. A feedback of 339 participants is collected through an online surgery to find the scope and applicability of multilingual OCR. The respondents were from different linguistic background. The study identified that a large majority of participants are willing to use their native language for the accomplishment of their computational task and deemed that the support of multiple languages in a software would increase their productivity.In current form, the study addresses the viability of multilingual OCR of regional language based on Persio-Arabic script. To the best of our knowledge, such kind of study has not been conducted for the domain of Pakistan.

11 illus, 3 tables, 34 ref

042825   ALSULIMANI T S (Management Information Systems Dep, Jeddah Univ, Saudi Arabia, Email: tsalsilimani@uj.edu.sa) : A three tier system architecture design for factors affecting students' performance analysis in the Western region in Jeddah Universities. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(21), 2138–48.

To study different factors influencing the academic performance of students at Jeddah University in Saudi Arabia. The study sample included 164 participants from university of Jeddah, composed of 127 females and 37 males. A survey was conducted by using a questionnaire containing the different factors that could affect academic performance of university students. The questionnaire data were collected and analyzed by using SPSS version 25 statistical program. Descriptive and correlation analysis was made. Three-tier architecture is developed to enable us to make better decisions faster by analyzing data, shared data sources that are centralized and can be stored on different types of servers. A significant correlation between gender (female) and students `scores with Spearman correlation coefficient (r) value of 0.33. A significant correlation was noted between friendship/peer relation and students' scores with (r) value of 0.80. Family education, family relation and friendship/peer relation play an important role in Saudi student academic performance indicating that student culture and environment affect academic performance significantly. The multitier architecture on which presentation, application processing and data management functions are physically separated: ; we are able to update and use a large data without any application update.

1 illus, 12 tables, 56 ref

042823   DHAL S, PATRO A , SWAIN M , SUPRAJA K , RATH P K (Centurion Univ of Technology & Management, Odisha, Email: satyanarayan.dhal@cutm.ac.in) : Simulation of very-low energy alkali ion (≤ 10 KeV) induced effects on Al₂O₃ micro flakes. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(21), 2111–8.

To simulate the Monte-carlo simulation of irradiation of alkali ions (sodium) having very low energy (5 keV and 10 keV) on aluminum oxide micro flakes. We have utilized a simulation process namely SRIM (Stopping of ion ranges in matter), which is based on the binary collision approximation technique. We have fixed our target as an aluminum oxide in the layered structure having a thickness about 65 nm. We have incorporated two different types of ion energy as the input parameters which are normally incident on the targets. We have analyzed ion distributions, recoil distributions, and further ionizations. The projected average range for 10 keV is significantly found to be higher, almost double than that of 5 keV. The reason behind this increment is due to the high penetration depth because of higher energy. The straggling of 10 keV is higher than that of 5 keV, which is evident from the recoil distribution where the cascade collision has created a large volume of vacancies, which is very high for higher energy. This simulation helps us to gather a rich amount of information regarding ion-induced defects, which is highly essential for experiments on aluminum oxide micro flakes. The surface modification after this low ion energy bombardment leads to low detrimental effects which may modify the wetting properties of these flakes.

9 illus, 15 ref

042822   HUSSAIN S, KHOSO I-U-D , QURESHI F (Shaheed Benzair Bhutto Univ, Shaheed Benazirabad, Email: salarhussain@sbbusba.edu.pk) : Impact of mergers and acquisitions on shareholders' wealth: A study of Telecom sector of Pakistan. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(21), 2104–10.

This study aims to investigate the impact of mergers and acquisitions related events on the shareholders' wealth in Telecom sector of Pakistan. Event study methodology has been used to achieve this objective, in which, the short term and long term performance of firms are measured. For short term performance, Abnormal Returns (AR) and Cumulative Abnormal Returns (CAR) are measured while to determine long term performance, Buy-and-Hold Abnormal Returns (BHAR) are measured. The results revealed that the occurrence of these events has negatively affected the shareholders' wealth and the financial market did not respond to these events in the telecom sector of Pakistan. The study suggests that the telecom sector should choose different strategies to gain market share, to increase revenues, to gain a competitive edge and to diversify risk.

4 tables, 33 ref

042820   KHAN U I, OBEROI D S (National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology, Srinagar/Jammu, Email: Ummer.iqbal.khan@gmail.com) : A secure IoT based flood warning system using elliptical curve cryptography. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(21), 2080–93.

To propose a design of an early flood warning system based on IOT with a strong emphasis on the security requirements of such systems. The design of an early flood warning system is based on measuring the hydrological parameters of a river, which include water level and discharge through an IOT based network. To calculate the discharge of water in a river, Manning's equation has been employed. Security protocols based on elliptical curve cryptography has been proposed for authenticating the real-time hydrological data. The proposed security protocols have been formally validated and verified against various active and passive attacks using AVISPA and Scyther. Simulation of the proposed scheme has also been carried out on the TOSSIM simulator using the TinyECC library to estimate the radio and CPU energy overheads. The formal security validation of the proposed authentication scheme indicates that the scheme is SAFE against various active and passive attacks. The simulation on Scyther indicates that no attacks have been found in proposed authentication protocols. The AVISPA validation also declares the scheme as SAFE as all-important security goals have been achieved. The Energy analyses on TOSSIM indicate that each node in the scheme requires 133 mJ for radio transmission and 59 mJ for CPU operations about the Mica2 Energy Model. Researchers have proposed many designs and schemes for early flood warnings without giving much emphasis to the security of such systems. The paper focuses on the security requirements of such systems.

13 illus, 2 tables, 28 ref

042816   DEVASTHALI S (School of Management Studies, Delhi, Email: sanjeevdevasthali@gmail.com) : A strategic management perspective of science and technology ventures by China. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(20), 2041–56.

To analyze the primary strategic motives for China venturing into Disruptive Technologies and Innovations R&D at a very rapid pace. China has been galloping the Technology Highway for the past decade, with technological and innovation inroads in almost all the key sectors with the government playing a pivotal role. The apparent drivers for the rapid strides in technology are economic growth, social development and the national aspirations of establishing a powerful and prosperous China. Forays in disruptive technologies has been preceded near-simultaneously by a plethora of strategic geopolitical ventures by China within its land mass, in the various seas, across the Asian, Europe and African continents and also in the space dimension. Thus, the methodology adopted is to study the various strategic initiatives China has implemented in the backdrop of global geopolitics. Thereafter, correlate the disruptive technologies to the various Chinese strategies. The initiatives to be a world leader in Disruptive Technologies correspond to China's other Strategic programs in global geopolitics and expansionist steps in the five dimensions of Land, Air, Sea, Space and Cyber Space. This cannot be dismissed as a mere coincidence. This study establishes that Technology is the common underlying driver of all the geopolitical overtures, viewed as strategic overlays, by China. Further, it is found that China is boosting R&D on dual-use technologies as compared to the single civil-end use technologies to complement its military component in implementation of its strategic manoeuvres. The study will facilitate in mapping the global repercussions of these technologies, especially in the Indian sub-continent, given the stand-off relationship between the two nations.

14 illus, 60 ref

042815   BEHERA M K , MISHRA R , RANSINGH A , CHAKRAVARTY S (CSE Dep, Centurion Univ of Technology & Management, Odisha, Email: sujata.chakravarty@cutm.ac.in) : Prediction of different stages in diabetic retinopathy from retinal fundus images using radial basis function based SVM. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(20), 2030–40.

This study proposes an automatic computer-aided screening system for prediction of Diabetic retinopathy (DR) by using image processing and machine learning techniques. This proposed model can predict DR in three different stages, Normal, Non-Proliferative Diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) based on the features those are present in an input retinal fundus image using support Vector Machine(SVM). For better feature extraction each input retinal fundus image is pre-processed using three techniques; Image compression, Color layer separation and Contrast Limited Adaptive equalization (CLAHE). After pre-processing, the feature extraction is done using different techniques like Linear Spatial filtering, image thresholding and Top-hat operation for extraction of different features like micro aneurysms, blood vessels and exudates respectively. These extracted features are used for designing the classifier. Different kernels of SVM have been applied to the same set of feature and compared. Finally, Radial Basis Function(RBF) based Kernel SVM outperform others with an accuracy value of 97.2 % using a test dataset of size 255 images. As the model addresses three class classification of DR with a vast set of feature matrix, it performs well in detection of DR at its earlier state even with minimum feature set.

7 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

042813   MAHENDRA H N, MALLIKARJUNASWAMY S , SIDDESH G K , KOMALA M , SHARMILA N (Electronics and Communication Dep, Bangalore and Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological Univ, Belagavi, KA, Email: mahendrahn@jssateb.ac.in) : Evolution of real-time onboard processing and classification of remotely sensed data. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(20), 2010–20.

To provide a technical review of current hardware architecture, techniques, problems, and practices used for real-time on-board data processing and classification of Remotely Sensed (RS) data. The major issues of data processing such as power limitation and downlink bandwidth are considered for analysis. Performance of traditional Central Processing Unit (CPU) and onboard Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)based data processing are presented in Table 3. Different hardware architecture used for onboard data classification such as FPGA, Advanced RISC Microcontroller (ARM), and Digital Signal Processor (DSP) based system performance are reported in Tables 5 and 6 respectively. In general satellite data processing, immediate action cannot be taken against natural disasters because of the time taken in processing data at the ground station. Also the downlink bandwidth available between satellite and ground station many not be sufficient to transfer large size of data. One of the solutions to resolve this issue is to process the data onboard, so that data size will be reduced and can be downlink to the ground station for different applications such as urban planning, agriculture, defense/security purposes, biological threat detection, fire tracking on wild land, risk/hazard prevention and also helps to take immediate action during natural disasters. The existing hardware module and its architecture have been studied and concluded with a comparative result. These results aid the researchers to come up with a more optimized design and hardware architecture for data preprocessing and classification.

4 illus, 7 tables, 25 ref

042808   CALO A-M V M, BARBOSA J B , DINAGSAO A V (Information Technology Dep, Information Technology and Computing Univ of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines Coll, Cagayan de Oro City, 9000, Philippines, Email: vince.calo@ustp.edu.ph) : GrabTutor: A web and mobile application for tutor appointment system with GPS security feature. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(19), 1955–64.

Academic tutoring is sought to aid students academically, keep them in school, and eventually earn a degree aside from the learning they get from a typical classroom setting. Academic institutions somehow start programs for peer tutorial sessions among students, but matching of tutees with tutors takes time especially for complex and complicated topics. It even brings a security concern about where students are conducting tutorials. Hence, this study aims to design a tutor appointment system with location tracking feature to give students a more efficient and safer tutorial experience. GrabTutor is composed of a mobile and web application that communicates through a cloud server. The tutees find tutors through the mobile application. The system generates a unique barcode for each tutorial appointment. A barcode scanner is embedded in the mobile application accessible to the tutor. Once the tutor scans, the system will trigger the timer and sends GPS coordinates to the server to track the location. The location will be represented by a marker on the map of the moderator's web application. Based on the results of the usability tests, the system easily matched tutees to the right tutors. The GPS monitoring system was proven to be a helpful tool to ease the risk of students having to go somewhere else to meet up with a tutor. The proposed system enables quick and efficient matching of tutors to tutees and integrates GPS information of students within the campus during the conduct of the tutorial to track their whereabouts for a more secure tutorial experience. 

12 illus, 6 ref

042806   PATEL K, PATEL F R (Biotechnology and Microbiology Dep, Shri M.M. Patel Institute of Sciences and Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, Email: khyatimpatel22@gmail.com) : Screening of biosurfactant producing yeasts isolated from mangrove ecosystem of Surat region of Gujarat, India. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(19), 1927–34.

Biosurfactants are extracellular surface-active compounds produced by bacteria, fungi and yeast. Interest in biosurfactant has been increasing due to their unique properties. The objective of this study is to screen for potential biosurfactant producing yeasts from mangrove areas of Gujarat in India. The biosurfactant producing yeasts isolated from five different mangrove sites i.e. Hazira, Mandroi, Mirzapur, Kantiyajal and Machhad of Surat, Gujarat during summer season of 2015. Isolated yeasts were screened for the production of biosurfactant by Parafilm M, Oil displacement and Emulsification index method in which cottonseed oil was used as a substrate. The type of biosurfactant produced was identified by Phenol-sulfuric acid test, Biuret test and phosphate test. Total twenty four yeasts were isolated from soils of sampling sites. Yeasts were initially screened by Parafilm M and oil displacement method. Out of these 24 isolate, 6 isolates namely, Ky-48, Ky-53, Ky-54, Ky-84, Ky-86 and Ky-87 showed promising biosurfactant activity. These six isolates were further subjected to secondary screening method: Emulsification test, to identify biosurfactant production. Two isolates, namely Ky-46 (emulsification index: 61.53 %) and Ky-86 (emulsification index: 46.66 %) showed maximum biosurfactant production. All six isolates showed positive result for phenol- sulfuric acid method. This indicated that the isolated biosurfactant was Glycolipid in nature. Few mangrove yeasts have potential to produce high amount of glycolipid that can be used in food processing and detergents, healthcare and cosmetics industries.

3 illus, 3 tables, 24 ref

042804   DIAZ-CORNEJO N , RUIZ-GARCÉS L, ORTIZ-GIRÓN J, RAMIREZBARBERA N (Sinu Univ, Monteria, Colombia, Email: luiscarlosrg03@gmail.com) : Antimicrobial resistance profiles of bacterial pathogens isolated from the bloodstream in patients of a hospital institution in Montería — Córdoba. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(19), 1908–16.

To determine the most frequent bacterial pathogens in the bloodstream and their resistance profiles in a hospital institution in Monteria - Cordoba. An observational study was conducted, during the months of January to December 2018, 113 blood samples from patients with sepsis were evaluated. The identification and susceptibility of the bacteria were determined through the VITEK system, using the GNI + cards for Gram-negative bacilli and GPI for Gram-positive cocci and the GNS 113 and GPS 102 cards for Gram-negative bacilli and Gram-positive cocci respectively. Among the Gram-negative bacteria, the ones that were most frequently isolated were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia and Acinetobacter baumannii; while among the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis was the pathogen that was most frequently isolated. Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates showed high resistance to doripenem, imipenem and meropenem. Acinetobacter baumannii showed high resistance to most antibiotics. Serratia marcescens, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae had a low resistance rate. Gram-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus hominis ss. hominis, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus ss. aureus showed high resistance to erythromycin. A high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was observed in the present investigation.

3 illus, 2 tables, 38 ref

042802   CHHAJRO M A, KHUHRO M A , KUMARK , WAGAN A A , UMRANI A I , LAGHARI A A (Computer Science Dep, Sindh Madressatul Islam Univ, Karachi, Pakistan, Email: ameen.chhajro@smiu.edu.pk) : Multi-text classification of Urdu/Roman using machine learning and natural language preprocessing techniques. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(19), 1890–900.

This research presents multi-text classification from the news text dataset. The main purpose of this work is to classify multi-text for Urdu and Roman language using Natural Language processing and Machine Learning classification models. In this research, online news data has been collected through beautiful soup web scraping tool. In order to analyze the model accuracy news data is divided into six categories which has been composed from various online newspaper platforms. The main news corpus data consists of 10500 news in Urdu and Roman Urdu language including, Accidental, Education, Entertainment, International, Sports and Weather news have been primarily focused in the proposed research study. Furthermore, preprocessing is performed on text corpus using Natural Language Processing technique; for example, data cleaning, data balancing, and stop word removal. For feature extraction count vector, TF-IDF and Chi2 are employed as word filtering. For multi-text classification the Machine Learning classification schemes have been implemented namely, Naive Bayes Classifier, Logistic Regression, Random Forest Classifier, Linear SVC, and KNeighbors Classifier. After comparative analysis results showed that Linear Support Vector Classifier provided 96 % accuracy among other tested methods. Multi-Text classification of Urdu Roman language having different writing styles, word structure, irregularities, grammar, and combined corpus is a challenging task. For this purpose, we implemented different Machine Learning algorithms with Natural Language preprocessing technique which provided optimal results in classification of multi-text news data. 

9 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

042799   CACACHO E L, AGCAOILI S O , CACATIAN S B , OUANO N B (Cagayan State Univ, Sanchez Mira, 3518, Cagayan Valley, Philippines, Email: eleanor_cacacho@yahoo.com) : Assessment of the organic-based system of rice intensification (SRI) under coastal rice field ecosystem. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(18), 1867–72.

The effects of different levels of organic fertilizers on the growth and yield of rice were investigated in a coastal field ecosystem under the systems of rice intensification (SRI) technology. The study was conducted in a coastal rice field with 8.38 pH. It was laid out in a split-plot design with four treatments replicated thrice. Different amounts of organic fertilizer were applied as basal fertilizer. Data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The significance of the treatment effect was determined using the F-test. Least significant difference (LSD) determined which means are statistically different at the 5 % probability level. Results showed that the filled grains and yield increase were 35.6 % and 45 %, respectively, when applied with an organic fertilizer at the rate of 6 ton/ha compared with the control. Other parameters measured like the height of plants at maturity and the number of unfilled grains were all comparable with the control group. SRI technology is a potential option for growing inbred rice in coastal rice fields.

4 illus, 28 ref

042796   GOGOI K, DEKA M , DAS J , GOSWAMI A D (Bioengineering & Technology Dep, Gauhati Univ, Guwahati, Email: krishna.rsguist@gmail.com) : A study of risk factors associated with essential Hypertension in an urban population of North East India. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(18), 1840–7.

To assess the impact of sociodemographic factors, lifestyle habits and lipid profile, associated with development of Essential Hypertension in an urban population of North-Eastern region of India. Hypertension was defined as per Clinical Practice guidelines 2017. A total number of 400 subjects – 200 normotensive and 200 hypertensives were enrolled in this case-control study. The subjects underwent Blood Pressure measurement, anthropometric measurements and Electrocardiography. Detailed sociodemographic data, medical history and personal history were noted. Serum lipid profile was estimated for all the subjects. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSSvs16. Among the 200 Normotensives 69 (17.2 %) had elevated BP. In the Essential Hypertensive group 24 (6 %) were Stage 1 and 176 (44 %) were stage 2 hypertensives. A statistically significant number of 88 % (176) hypertensive subjects were above 40 years of age (p value 3 was significantly associated with hypertension. Conclusion: The present study highlights the association of age, high BMI, sedentary habits, consumption of extra salt, alcohol, tobacco use and dyslipidemia as major risk factors associated with Essential Hypertensive subjects in urban adults in Assam. The study highlights the different predictors of Essential Hypertension in North Eastern Indian urban adults. 

5 tables, 32 ref

042795   ALOTAIBI R S , OSMAN A S A (Shaqra Univ, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Email: asalageed@su.edu.sa ) : Assessing user satisfaction with the MAKKEN system in Shaqra University: A structural equation modelling analysis. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(18), 1830–9.

In Saudi Arabia, most organizations are rushing to adopt new technologies of digital transformation to achieve Saudi Vision 2030. Shaqra University has, therefore, adopted a new system, the Makken system, which allows users to conduct transactions such as printing salary details and helping managers to manage their employees and other faculty members. This study aimed to assess the factors that impact on users' satisfaction with the Makken system in Shaqra University. A questionnaire was distributed among administrative employees and faculty members in Shaqra University to assess users' satisfaction with the Makken system based on the following factors: Information quality (IQ), System quality (SQ) and Service quality (SV). In this study, the snowballing selection technique is used among 122 staff members (academic and administrative) who are working in the Shaqra University from both the male and female sections. The structural Equation Model (SEM) was employed to analyse the data via maximum Likelihood operation. This was done by calculating each pathway for significance and also by estimating the strength of each path in terms of the obtained Beta value (β). Structural equation model (SEM) analysis was used in this study and the results revealed that Information quality, System quality and Service quality had positive impacts on user satisfaction with the Makken system. It was also found that most users were satisfied, but not completely satisfied, with the Makken system in Shaqra University.

2 illus, 5 tables, 28 ref

042794   MEMON S, SHAIKH R A , RIND Q B , SOLANGI G H , JOKHIO S A , AHMED M (Information Technology Dep, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Univ, Shaheed Benazirabad, Sindh, Pakistan, Email: sanaullahmemon13@gmail.com) : Hidden cable fault and remote locator by using arduino. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(18), 1811–20.

To device a method to locate the hidden cable fault. The system makes use of an Arduino circuit and a supply of rectified electricity. Creation of the fault is made via the collection of switches. The relays are operated by integrated circuit relay driver. A 16*2 LCD panel connected to the Arduino board to display the information. Using an Arduino module, the device is used to find the fault spot within kilometers in a hidden cable from the base station to the precise location. If the fault happens in an underground cable, it is difficult to locate the precise location of the defect for the purpose of fixing the specific cable. With respect to its form, we will be able to identify the fault and then the location would be traced after the project is implemented.

10 illus,15 ref

042793   PANHWAR M A, KHUHRO S A , MAZHAR T , ZHONGLIANG D , BILAL M-E-A , QADIR N (Beijing Univ of Posts and Telecommunications, China, Email: maamirpanhwar@hotmail.com) : Li-Net: towards a smart Li-Fi vehicle network. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(18), 1821–9.

Light Fidelity is popularly known as Li-Fi. This is a most recent technology that was driven by German physicist Harald Haas(1) in 2011. The technology was proposed during a global talk on Technology Entertainment Design on VLC communications. Visible light communications are optical ways of communication that network the LED for data transmission. The term Li-Fi uses VLC communication for the high-end communication that can be an alternative to Wi-Fi. The proposal of Harald Haas is comparable with IEEE 802.15.7 that is the fully dual directional and networked standard built for 802.11. Li-Fi applications are featured for their comparison with other technologies like Wireless fidelity and their general use for LAN. However, the optimality of the proposed Li-Fi is within highly dense areas where Wi-Fi faces interfaces and radio interferences are no good for complimentary performance goals of the communication standard. Li-Fi proves to be better in bandwidth, connectivity and secure when the higher speeds above 1Gbps are achieved. This study outlines the characteristics of Li-Fi and describes its potential use in a smart traffic net. The smart traffic net is the future of the transport system that is based on Li-Fi. Therefore, this is called Li-Net in this article. Li-Net is a modified VaNet that uses Li-Fi for V2V and V2I communication. The leveraging of Low cost LEDs and other lighting units have lots of opportunities that can help the Li-Fi to get over Wi-Fi.

4 illus, 1 table, 27 ref

042789   JUNEJO K N (Centre Point, Karachi, Pakistan, Email: junejo@gmail.com) : A novel pixel-based supervised hybrid approach for prediction of land cover from satellite imagery. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(17), 1786–94.

To determine the land use/cover from satellite imagery using image enhancement, image processing, and supervised machine learning techniques. This land usage will help in land use policy development, disaster assessment, planning of urban infrastructure, forest and agriculture monitoring and conservation. A pixel-based supervised hybrid machine learning approach is used that combines parametric density estimation followed by a k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) classifier to predict whether a particular pixel belongs to a nucleated village or to a field, forest, river, or some other terrain from satellite images. Spatial and texture features derived from the images are used as features for the models. Free satellite images crawled from Google EarthTM are hand labeled to serve as the ground truth for training and testing Models. Models are evaluated using four-fold cross validation. Comparison with other related techniques is also presented. Our experiments suggest that instead of using pixel intensity values as features, the intensity values after edge detection give better prediction accuracy. The parametric density estimation for the two classes is better modeled as Rayleigh distribution than as a normal distribution. Smoothing further helps improve the accuracy of the models. Passing the prediction of the parametric density estimator classifier through k-NN further reduces the error by removing the salt-and-pepper effects. Effects of using different size and number of smoothing filters is also discussed. Additionally, different parameters for k-NN were also evaluated to find the best models. The model was successful in achieving a very high accuracy of more than 97% with a very small false positive rate. The results demonstrate the successful discrimination of land cover of towns and nucleated villages from the surrounding terrain. A pixel-based hybrid approach is proposed to improve accuracy of land cover classification. The proposed features and image enhancement techniques also help improve the prediction significantly. Using the proposed technique, the covered area of nucleated villages/towns can be determined for assessing the growth of towns/villages, for better of planning of urban infrastructure and land use policy, for disaster assessment, and forest and agriculture monitoring and conservation.

6 illus, 5 tables, 26 ref

042788   KAVITHA D, RADHA V (Computer Science Dep, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore - 641 043, Tamil Nadu, Email: kavitha.ravindran2@gmail.com) : An innovative idea for low cost braille e-reader. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(17), 1778–85.

The aim of this study was to implement the rotating cubes for designing the Braillerefreshable display. The rotating cube Braille display has many benefits i.e., compact size, low cost etc. Refreshable Braille display is an electro mechanical device which forms Braille charactersby raising pins through holes on flat surface. The raising of such pins is accomplished by complex and costly systems like solenoids or piezo-electric crystals or EAP (Electro Active Polimer). We developed the prototype of e-book reader, which is a low cost electro mechanical system aimed at assisting visually impaired to access the e-books. Many design concepts were proposed earlier and prototypes were built, and were tested successfully in thepast by using three simple rotating cubes. The main parameters like dot spacing, overall dimension, touching force and operating voltage obtained are discussed. Dot spacing 2.5 [mm] with reference to International standard has been maintained. Regarding overall dimension, the display unit is designed to have dimension of 120mm width to 150mm height adhering to NLS standard of Braille dot spacing, and the tactile surface will feature 13 lines with 14 characters per line. The touching force of 0.32N and operating voltage below 25 V was obtained and used. The Solenoid is used for positioning the faces of individual cubes, which can be arranged in different positions thereby forming all Braille characters. The high power consumption which remained the major head ache in solenoid electromagnetic actuator models was a major challenge we faced initially, which we overcame with our unique innovative design combining cubes that can rotate to form Braille dots and electromagnetic actuator which can be positioned at various places to run this cubes. So Keeping Occam's Razor Principle in mind, we went ahead to design a multicell/multi-line electronic refreshable Braille display as a technology demonstrator by using three simple rotating cubes.

5 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref

042786   ALSAEED D (King Saud Univ, Saudi Arabia, Email: dalsaeed@ksu.edu.sa) : Design and implementation of social gathering management mobile application. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(17), 1755–63.

To propose a mobile application (Jam@), which means gathering in Arabic, to provide a solution to fill the gap in social and lifestyle applications for organizing events or gatherings, especially in Arabic. Jam@ (which means gatherings) was developed as an Android mobile application in Arabic. It was evaluated through different system and user acceptance tests. The results of the tests were promising, and the application has potential as a small entrepreneur project.

6 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

042791   SALAHUDDIN S, MEHAR Q , KAZI H (Economics Dep, Government S. S. Arts & Science Coll, Hyderabad, Pakistan, Email: salahuddinpk@gmail.com) : Factors influencing transfer of training: Empirical evidence from public sector schools Hyderabad Pakistan. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(18), 1796–802.

The aim of this research is, to examine the factors of training design that influence transfer of teachers training to the classrooms, in education sector of Pakistan where education sector is in the state of crisis. For this research, primary data had been collected with the help of questionnaire; a sample of 500 trainee teachers was selected from public sector schools of Hyderabad Pakistan who attended the teachers training programs. Two variables of training design i.e. content validity and transfer design were analyzed using various statistical techniques like factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation and multiple regression. Statistical software SPSS ver.22 was used for this purpose. The transfer design found to be the strongest factor effecting transfer of training with beta value 0.558 followed by perceived content validity with beta value 0.127, both variables were found to have positive and significant impact on transfer of training. These two independent variables explained 41 % variance in regression model. Findings of this research revealed that the training design plays a vital role in training and may predict the training transfer significantly. Primary data has been collected for this research. The findings of this research will fill the gap in the literature of training transfer in the education sector. Outcomes of this study will pave way to the facilitation of the authorities of education sector as to, how teachers' training should be made useful by improving the components of training design.

1 illus, 2 table, 26 ref

042785   CHHAJRO M A, KHAN H, KHAN F , KUMAR K , WAGAN A A , SOLANGI S (Computer Science Dep, Sindh Madressatul Islam Univ, Karachi, Pakistan, Email: ameen.chhajro@smiu.edu.pk) : Handwritten Urdu character recognition via images using different machine learning and deep learning techniques. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(17), 1746–54.

This research presents a model for Urdu Handwritten Character Recognition via images using various Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques. The main objective of this research is to provide comparative study on Urdu Handwritten Characters from images dataset. In this research paper, Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) algorithm, Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Concurrent Neural Network (CNN), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and Random Forest Algorithm (RF) have been implemented in order to evaluate most suitable technique for Urdu Handwritten Characters Recognition via images. Ample amount of research work has been carried out on English Language but it is clearly shown through the conducted literature review that very lesser amount of work has been done on Urdu Handwritten Characters Recognition using images. Furthermore, It has been analyzed from this research that CNN models are most efficient compared to RF, SVM and MLP as to produce reliable results in terms of optimal accuracy. Therefore, using the CNN model is a viable choice to recognize Urdu handwritten characters from the images. And proposed study provides significant contribution in automatic learning of Urdu handwritten Characters.

8 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

042784   GEORGE Y, SERGEEVNA B A (Moscow Aviation Institute, Moscow, Russian, Email: georgeyuvaraj2@gmail.com) : Feasibility study for an air ambulance in the Russian federation. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(17), 1730–7.

This study aims to evolve a complete set of specifications and requirements for a viable air ambulance to benefit several nations across the globe. This article tries to explore the possibilities of constructing an aircraft that can meet identified requirements based on emerging technologies and existing technologies in the fields of aeronautical engineering. The analysis is presented concerning the dynamic capabilities of the Russian aviation industry and the domestic needs of the Russian Federation to justify why the development of an air ambulance is feasible in Russian Federation. Design layouts of existing medical aircrafts are studied to identify constraints related to operations, manufacturing, finances, performance, safety, and other practical issues. This feasibility study studies the need for the development of air ambulance in the Russian Federation using PESTEL analysis. Based on the study, it is identified that the incidents in the existing air medical services have occurred not just because of the management and operational issues, dealing with several uncertain external factors but also due to the lack of some characteristics of the flight vehicles to operate in those conditions. These characteristics are identified and listed as requirements in this article. Two possible configuration layouts are identified and compared for their merits and demerits.

2 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

042783   SUPRIYA K E , RAO K R (Physics Dep, Sri Krishnadevaraya Univ, Ananthapuramu - 515 003, Andhra Pradesh, Email: kanchiraghavendrarao@gmail.com) : IoT based real time water level monitoring using texas instruments' CC3200. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(17), 1720–9.

To monitor and control the water level in real time using IoT and cloud computing technologies to avoid the wastage of water in water storage tanks/sumps. The level of water in a tank is detected by using ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 which works on the principle similar to radar/sonar by converting electrical energy to acoustic waves and vice-versa and it is interfaced with CC3200 Launchpad, on-chip Wi-Fi microcontroller from Texas Instruments. Geotagging Technique is used to easily track the location of the water overflow. Ultrasonic sensor measures the distance and the microcontroller reads the data and uploads to the ThingSpeak cloud for real time monitoring and graphical representation. When the water reaches the reserve position and normally the motor will be switched off. Once the water attains a maximum level before overflow occurs. In case failure of the motor actuator (relay) it needs a physical switching of the motor. Such a scenario is tackled by sending an alert to the mobile using GSM SIM900A (Global System for Mobile communication Subscriber Identity Module) as such, failure of the actuator is taken care off. In this study, we have designed an IoT based water level indicator with minimum power consumption which can be used for Domestic applications.

10 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

042782   ALBLAIHI D K , JUMAIAH N B B , ALJAMEEL M S , ALAQEEL M A , ABUSALIH H H (Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman Univ, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Email: habusalih1@gmail.com) : Impact of bariatric surgery on body image satisfaction among patients attending King Saud medical city. Indian J Sci Technol 2020, 13(17), 1714–9.

The aim of the study is to assess the impact of bariatric surgery on body image among patients from King Saud medical city using unmatched case-control study among 94 pre-bariatric surgery and 94 post bariatric surgery, selected through systematic random sampling. Bariatric surgery improved body image during the first year, and post-surgery patients are 5 times likely to have positive body image than pre-operative (p < 0.01). There is a need for psychological care for preoperative patients, since number of patients from pre-bariatric surgery group shown symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder. Further research is needed regarding psycho-social factors that could have an impact on body image. This is an original research. Data was collected by body image questionnaire. Analysis was done using SPSS with significance level set at p < 0.05. t-test was used to compare the mean body image scores, higher the scores reflecting higher body image impairment. Verbal consent was taken from participants and the subjects' confidentiality is maintained by researchers.

24 tables, 24 ref