003040   Amico S C;Sydenstricker T H D;da Silva P S C P (Mechanical Engng Dep, Fedl Univ of Parana, P.O.Box 19.011-81531-990 Curitiba/PR, Brazil, Email: amico@ufpr.br) : Evaluation of the influence of chemical treatment on the tensile strength of sisal fibres by a weibull distribution analysis. Metals Mater Process 2005, 17(3-4), 233-42.

Mercerisation is a common chemical treatment for sisal fibres since it can be used to increase their interracial adhesion to various polymeric matrices. The influence of this treatment on fibre tensile strength from the point of view of a Weibull distribution is reported. A hundred non-treated sisal fibres were individually tested and the accordance of their tensile strength to a Weibull distribution was analysed. The need to measure the diameter of each fibre being tested in order to estimate its tensile strength was studied. Sisal tensile strength was found to follow a Weibull distribution and to decay with the increase of the severity of the chemical treatment (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 5 and 10% w/w NaOH aqueous solution). The values showed an initial decrease of tensile strength, a plateau in the range of 3 to 6% and finally a steep decrease as the concentration was further increased. However, only the 10% treatment showed a statistically significant decrease of fibre tensile strength within a 90% confidence level. Comparisons are included throughout the paper regarding the widely used simplified statistical mean analysis when reporting fibre tensile strength values and its implications on the estimations.

6 illus, 6 tables, 26 ref

002026   Yadav N;Sangwan N;Taneja L R (Clothing and Text Dep, I.C. Coll of Hom Sci CCS HAU, Hisar) : Apparel designing using computer technology. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(4), 149-50.

Computer is becoming an ever increasing important tool for apparel designing. Advanced computer systems of 2 or 3 dimensional concept design are used widely in developed countries. This technology is beneficial for rationalization of production, analysis of fashion and forecast, as well as in pattern grading and marking. The advent of CAD is giving designers new freedom to explore and manipulate design in a relatively easy and inexpensive ways. Now with advance computer technology system, the designer can visualize a realistic garment design along wigth folds; creases etc., and also restyle a design, change color, fabric prints and plaids thus producing better designs in seconds along with a perfect drape and fit. Designers can use Computer Aided Design (CAD) to create, edit and evaluate designs with fast computer graphics and three-dimensional color perspectives. CAD specifications are more accurate than manual drafting and CAD systems can store standard designs, names and dimensions of components. Computer systems can model production functions for manufacturing firms to improve the productivity of inputs and outputs. A number of software are used in apparel designing such as CorelDraw, Adobe illustrator, Kart cad whereas TUKACad concentrates on the practical use of computers in pattern design and product development.

7 ref

002025   Uttam M;Gangwar A K S (Govt Cent Text Inst, , Souterganj, Kanpur) : Effect of single yarn strength on tensile strength of cotton fabric. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(1), 30-4.

Tensile strength is a very important term in the field of textiles. It plays a positive role during deciding the yarn quality index for evaluation of quality of yarn whether it is used for apparel use or industrial use. Keeping in mind the importance of fabric strength, an attempt has been made to relate the cotton terry fabric strength along with the fabric construction pariculars with the tenacity of yarns. This will be helpful to decide the yarn quality before construction of terry towels and ferry fabrics.

9 tables, 6 ref

002024   Sarkar D;Mazumdar K;Datta S (NO, Smt. J.D. Birla Inst, Kolkata) : Solvent extraction of yellow colouring matter from natural source-flowers and its application on hydrophobic substrates. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(1), 19-22.

Hydrophobic fibres are highly crystalline and non-polar polymers hence pose a big problem for dyers in dyeing by traditional methods. In the work dyeing of hydrophobic fibres in the form of textiles was achieved from eco-friendly yellow natural colouring matter obtained from flowers- a source whose collection does not affect the sustenance and growth of the parent source- plant. The method employed is giving a much better result than the traditional way of dyeing. It is easy, less time consuming and non-toxic in nature. The process comprises of transfer of colouring matter from suitable solvent extract of the flowers (obtained by cold percolation method) to the fabric with the help of dyeing accessories like wetting agent and carrier treatment. The polymers nylong and acrylic showed very good result by this treatment. But in case of polymer polyester where there is no initial bonding of colour on fibre by usual dipping method of dyeing there was definite improvement by treatment with dyeing accessories. The best result was obtained by pressure technique. The colouring matter is smaller in size when compared to traditional dyes hence pressure technique is giving better result. It is giving a shade, which is brighter and has very good fastness property almost as good as synthetic reactive dyes. This gives a scope for extracting and applying these natural colouring matters on hydrophobic fibres in a large scale and gives a scope of getting the colouring matter in solid state. Hence it can act as a good method of preservation.

4 tables, 18 ref

002023   Sambari S;Hira M (The Synth and Art Silk Mills Res Ass, , Worli, Mumbai-400 030) : Technology of new-fangled terry towels. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(4), 131-6.

In the fast changing scenario of home textile in which the terry towel has became on imperative part of domestic consumption. Terry towel today have grown from conventional towel to hi-tech fashionable towel and the market is constantly demanding novel qualities and designs. The article reveals various ingenious new manufacturing technologies for present terry towel products.

2 illus, 3 tables, 11 ref

002022   Roy A N;Roy P (Natn Inst of Res on Jute and All Fibre Technol, ICAR, 12 Regent Part, Kolkata-700 040) : Tensile response of jute viscose blended needle punched nonwoven. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(5), 190-4.

Work has been initiated with the objective to study the changes in various tensile responses or parameters e.g., tenacity, breaking extension, initial modulus and work of rupture of needle punched jute/viscose blended nonwoven fabric with changes in variables like fabric weight, punch density, depth of penetration and jute/viscose blend composition. Statistical experimental designing technique has been applied to change all the variables simultaneously and also to reduce the volume of experimental designing technique has been applied to change all the variables simultaneously and also to reduce the volume of experimental samples. It is observed that witgh the increase in fabric weight, punch density and depth of needle penetration, the tenacity, initial modulus and work of rupture of fabric initially increases and after reaching an optimum value starts decreasing with further increase in those variable whereas the extensibility of fabric reduces monotonously with the increase in fabric weight, punch density and depth of needle penetration. The increase in jute percentage in the fabric reduces tenacity, extensibility, initial modulus and work of rupture. Wetting of fabric improves the fabric tensile strength considerably. It is possible to identify the values of the variables e.g., fabric weight, punch density, depth of needle penetration and jute/viscose blend composition within the range of these variables studied to achieve a particular value of the response i.e. tenacity, breaking extension, initial modulus etc.

4 illus, 2 tables, 6 ref

002021   Paul S;Chupa K;Jaiswal G;Massey S (NO, , ) : Colourfastness of silk fabric dyed with natural dye extracted from ipomoea (Ipomoea cairica) flowers. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(5), 186-9.

5 tables, 5 ref

002020   Paul P (Giani Zail Singh Coll of Engng & Technol, , Bathinda-151 001) : Melt blown technology. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(1), 8-14.

7 illus, 4 ref

002019   Mukhopadhyay S (Text Engng Dep, Anuradha Engng Coll, Chikhli-443 201) : Crystallisation of polymers. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(5), 164-7.

^iia1 illus, 18 ref

002018   Mondal S (Inst of Texts and Clothing The Hong Kong Polytechnic Univ, , Hunghom, Kowloom, Hong Kong, PRC, Email: subrata_iitd@yahoo.com) : New medical textile world - influence of smart materials. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(4), 124-7.

An attempt has been made to review the applications of smart textile materials in the medical textile field. Starting with the smart suture, their composition and working principle have been stated. This is followed by an account of application of smart textile materials in wound dressing and tissue engineering. The application of smart textile materials to protect our skin from UV light has also described. Finally, other applications of smart textile materials in order to make daily life more comfortable have been included.

^iia22 ref

002017   Mondal S (Inst of Text and Clothing, Hong Kong Polytechnic Univ, Hunghom, Kowloom, Hong Kong) : Eco-friendly methods for chemical processing of textile materials. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(3), 91-6.

Chemical techniques are often used for surface treatment and chemical processing of textile materials. However, large amount of energy involved and high consumption of water makes these processes costly and environmentally unfriendly. Therefore, there is need for eco-friendly methods for chemical processing in textile industry. In the review paper, an attempt has been made to review three physical methods for chemical processing of textile materials. Starting with the surface treatment by plasma their working principle and advantages are stated. This is followed by an account of laser treatment has been briefly described. Finally, the treatment of textile materials with supercritical carbon dioxide and their application in chemical processing has been described.

^iia1 illus, 25 ref

002016   Mitra A (Text Sect, Silpa-Sadana P.S. V Visva-Bharati, P.O. Sriniketan, Dt. Birbhum, Pin-731 236) : Need for quality assurance and fabric grading system in handloom sector. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(1), 15-18.

With a view to revive this moribund industry, a few concepts/measures have been proposed and a technical approach has been made to the extent that can be adopted by this primitive sector. In this age of global competitiveness. Quality Assurance and Fabric Grading is a must in this sector also. In this connection, it has been proposed that a so-called Quality Testing & Inspection Room has to be set up centrally on regional/Co-operative basis. Government has to play a vital role to fulfill this mission.

1 ill, 1 table, 5 ref

002015   Maulik S R;Bhowmik L (Silpa Sadana Dep, Visva Bharati Univ, Textile Section, Sriniketan-731 236) : Application of some vegetable dyes on cellulosic and lignocellulosic fibre. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(4), 142-8.

Article reports application of some selected vegetable dyes on both jute and cotton textiles in absence and presence of some eco-friendly mordants and to observe the dye receptivity in terms of K/S value, colour value and also to assess different colour fastness properties.

6 tables, 14 ref

002014   Maulik S R;Bhowmik L (Visva Bharati Univ Dep of Silpa Sadana, , ) : Dyeing of jute and cotton with some selective natural dyes. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(1), 23-9.

5 tables, 26 ref

002013   Maulik S R (NO, Visva Bharati Univ, Textile Section, Sriniketan-731 236) : Computerised colour matching in silk industry - a practical know how. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(5), 172-5.

1 illus, 1 ref

002012   Lukanova V;Veleva S (NO, Univ of Chem Technol and Metal, Sofia, Bulgaria) : Kinetics of chroming of wool treated with chrome dye. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(1), 4-7.

A kinetic to the study of dye-chrome complex formation on chrome dyed woolen fibres is reported. Tomanolovo black AFD dye is used. The effect of the sodium salt of dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid (DDBS) and of Na₂SO₄ as additives is investigated as well. According to the results obtained the process rate is the highest in presence of DDBS for all K₂Cr₂O₇ concentrations studied. The colour characteristics and the coloristic resistance do no change. The compensation effect found indicates that the additives used do not alter the chroming mechanism.

4 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

002011   Kaushik R C (T.I.C., NRC Limited, Kalyan-421 102) : Polyester tyre cord-its manufacturing process & advantage. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(3), 97-101.

1 table

002010   Kariyappa;Somashekar T H;Roy S;Sastry N (Cent Silk Technological Res Institue, B, Bangalore-560 068) : Studies on blending of eri silk with wool fibres in spinning and its characterisation. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(5), 176-85.

Brick red eri cocoons have been degummed and processed in worsted system upto draw frame (gill box) stage to get eri tops. These Eri tops and wool tops have been successfully blended in Draw frame stage of spinning and spun 2/80s yarn with 6 combination. Results of investigations carried out on blending of Indian Eri wilk and wool in various proportions starting from 100% pure wool, 70:30 Wool: Eri, 50:50 Wool: Eri, 40:60 Wool: 30:70 Wool: Eri and 100% Eri, and comparing their yarn performance have bee presented. Fibres of component yarn and blended yarn character have been tested according to international standard testing method. Results have been compared among the blends as per the requirement of industry. The results of the investigation have been thoroughly discussed.

23 illus, 8 ref

002009   Kakad G S;Rathod A R;Suman B (Text Engng Dep, Jawaharlal Darda Inst of Engng & Technol, Yavatmol-445 001) : Plasma treatment for textiles. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(3), 85-9.

Plasma is a quite new technology for the textile industry. It offers many advantages against wet techniques. There are no harmful chemicals, wet processes, wastewater, and mechanical hazards to textiles, etc. Plasma technology is an environmentally friendly and ecological technique. In addition to these, it has a specific action on the surface and gives some surface properties that cannot be obtained by conventional techniques. In this plasma treatment technique all type of fibers and textiles can be treated. Plasma, as very reactive material, can be used top modify the surface of the certain substrate (typically known as plasma activation or plasma modification), depositing chemical materials to impart some desired properties, removing substances (plasma cleaning or plasma etching), which were previously deposited on the substrate. Plasma treatment to textile materials is a vast area. Paper is an attempt to display some of the important parameters and the considerations involved in this particular treatment.

7 illus, 13 ref

002008   Hayavadana J;Ramtal S S;Subramanyam V (Univ Coll of Technol, Osmania Univ, Hyderabad) : Study of fabric bending behaviour by applying Knopasek's cubic-spline interpolation method. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(5), 168-71.

Bending behaviour of woven and knitted fabric revealed that bending rigidity is a non linear continuous function of curvature. The effect of weave is found to influence the bending nature of woven fabric. Compared to Lyocell Ring spun and open end yarn spun woven fabrics, viscose Ring spun and open and yarn spun woven fabrics exhibited stronger non-linearity.

5 illus, 3 tables, 7 ref

002007   Gopalakrishnan D;Aravindhan K A (Text Technol Dep, P.S.G. Coll of Technol, Coimbatore-641 004) : Spunbonded nonwovens. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(4), 137-41.

Paper is mainly focussed on production, properties and the end use of spun bonded fabrics in Re-engineering manner.

^iia12 illus, 7 ref

002006   Chattopadhyay S N;Pan N C;Day A (Natn Inst of Res on Jute and All Fibre Technol, Indian Coun of Agric Res, 12 Regent Park, Kolkata-700 040) : Appropriate bleaching-dyeing method of jute fabric for small scale and cottage industries. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(3), 110-12.

Jute fabric has been bleached and dyed at ambient temperature using hydrogen peroxide as bleaching agent and cold brand reactive dye as dyestuff. The fabric is first bleached by using pad-batch method and the spent liquor is refused for bleaching another batch of fabric. Whiteness index of the fabric produced by original liquor is very good while the whiteness index is satisfactory for the bleached fabric produced by spent liquor. Tensile strength retention is also excellent for the ambient temperature bleached samples. The ambient temperture bleached fabric has been dyed with cold brand reactive dye. By following two-step two-bath method of exhaustion and fixation of dye, the spent dye bath is reused. So, the effluent is minimised and optimum utilisation of costly reactive dye is done. The bleach liquor as well as dye liquor is reused, making the bleaching-dyeing process economic and eco-friendly. The technology is ideal for small scale and cottage industry, as the processes are carried out at ambient temperature. Golden fibre, jute, is being utilised for the manufacturing of different value added and diversified product which needs attractive look and feel. Moreover most of these products are produced in small scale sector.

2 tables

002005   Babel S;Gupta P;Shrivastava M (Coll of Hom Sci, M.P.U.A.T, Udaipur, Rajasthan) : Status of handloom weaving units of Rajasthan. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(4), 151-3.

An attempt has been made to study, the status of handloom weaving units of Rajasthan. Unlike that of many field progress in this area has not been marked in steady increment. The main aim of the study was to indentify the status of handloom weaving units, their setup, functioning and problems faced by them. Study results reveal that the situation of weavers was pathetic; they were handicapped due to illiteracy inadequate finance, marketing bottlenecks and inadequate infrastructural facilities.

2 tables, 3 ref

002004   Aravindhan K A;Gopalakrishnan D (Text Technol Dep, Kumaraguru Coll of Technol, Coimbatore-641 006) : Big future for small science: nanotechnology in textiles. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(4), 128-30.

Article elucidates about the production of nanofibers and the applications of nanotechnology in textiles. The recent applications of nanotechnology in producing fabrics with peculiar properties such as shirts having the property to stop bullets, military uniforms that can change colour, waterproof, germ proof and various other properties and other areas like filtration, nano-composites, nano-finish and nano-dyeing. Nanotechnology can also be applied in `smart textiles', which has a great influence in the field of garment and protecting clothing.

000985   Viju S (Text Technol Dep, Natn Inst of Technol, Jalandhar-144 011) : Applications of polymeric nanofibers. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(7), 253-6.

Nanotechnology is the study and development of materials at nano levels. It is one of the rapidly growing scientific disciplines due to its enormous potential in creating novel materials that have advanced applications. This technology has tremendously impacted many different science and engineering disciplines, such as electronics, materials science, and polymer engineering. Electrospinning has been recognised as an efficient technique for the fabrication of polymer nanofibers. Different applications of electrospun polymer nanofibers has been discussed.

3 illus, 20 ref

000984   Siddiqui I;Siddiqui K (Clothing and Texts Dep, Coll of Hom Sci Marathwada Agric Univ, Parbhani-431 402) : Physical properties of cotton fabric dyed with parijataka (Nyctanthes arbora trists) flowers pigment. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(7), 274-8.

5 illus, 6 tables, 6 ref

000983   Shown I;Murthy C N (Appl Chem Dep Fac of Technol and Engng, The M.S. Univ of Baroda, Vadodara-390 001) : New cyclodextrin-based polymers for textile finishing applications. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(7), 257-60.

Cyclodextrins have long been used for use in food and drug industry for a long time now. However, their applications in textile industry is in a nascent stage with a lot of activity taking place. A number of techniques are being utilised to take advantage of the inclusion behaviour of the cyclodextrins to enhance the end product properties or give the textile an added property. Reviews the status of the cyclodextrin and cyclodextrin based polymers for textile finishing applications and some recent work done in the laboratory.

^iia3 illus, 28 ref

000982   Sangwan N;Khambra K;Hooda B K (Clothing and Texts Dep, COHS HAU, Hisar, Haryana) : Analysis of blend influence on parameters of weft knitted fabrics. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(7), 264-7.

Blend influence on dimensional properties of weft knitted fabrics in different ratios were studied. The P/C blended yarn in the proportions 0:100, 20:80, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 80:20 and 100:0 was produced by OE spinning system and blended knitted fabric was produced to study the dimensional properties. The study revealed that blending of cotton with polyester in different ratios was found to improve certain properties of cotton as well as polyester yarn. The dimensional properties. Loop length, bulk and area shrinkage decreased significantly where as stitch density and tightness factor increased significantly with the increased proportion of polyester in the blend.

2 tables, 6 ref

000981   Sakthivel J C;Vasanthakumar R;Aruljothi N (Text Technol Dep, PSG Coll of Technol, Coimbatore-641 004) : Biopolymers in medical textiles. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(7), 249-52.

5 illus, 6 ref

000980   Gudiyawar M Y;Gujar J J;Tambe P R;Gavade N S (NO, Text & Engg Inst, Ichalkaranji-416 115) : Influence of polyester textured yarn crimp on the fabric width shrinkage. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(7), 261-3.

The crimp in the textured yarn can be varied by changing different parameters. Textured yarns were produced by varying primary heater temperature. The fabrics were produced by using these yarns as weft and effect of yarn crimp on fabric width shrinkage and thickness was studied. It was found that there is a good correlation between textured yarn crimp and fabric width shrinkage.

3 illus, 2 tables, 3 ref

000979   Goyal A;Nayak R (NO, The Technol Inst of Text & Sci, Bhiwani-127 021) : Some quality aspects of cotton ring - and compact - spun yarn. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(7), 271-3.

Comparison of the ring- and compact-spun yarn properties have been made along with the effect of extension rate and specimen length on tenacity and breaking elongation. The compact yarn is stronger and extensible than ring yarn. For both yarns, tenacity increases with increase in extension rate at 200 and 500 mm specimen length. But for 50 and 100 mm specimen length, tenacity increases continuously with the extension rate for compact yarn whereas in case of ring yarn, tenacity increases with increase in extension rate upto 200 mm/min and thereafter decreases. Breaking extension follows the same trend as that of tenacity with extension rate and gauge length. Also, the compact yarn have less hairiness and irregularity than ring yarn but have better abrasion resistance and dye uptake. Further, the compact yarn is more rigid and densely packed than ring counterpart but optical diameter is less than that of ring yarn.

3 tables, 11 ref

000978   Dave J;Babel S (Text and Apparel Designing Dep, Coll of Hom Sci MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan) : Development of saree designs from traditional Mewar paintings and evaluation of consumer acceptance. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(7), 268-70.

1 illus, 1 table, 5 ref

008743   Tantray A K;Trivedy K;Sangappa S (Silkworm Physiology Laboratory, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore-570 008, Email: aabsimda@yahoo.co.in) : Effect of dietary vitamin C supplementation on reeling traits of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. J Text Ass 2009, 70(3), 103-7.

Seven different doses of vitamin C were orally fed to 5th instar larvae of Bombyx mori hybrid (CSR2 x CSR4) at seven varied application times. The supplement had a dose and application time-dependent effect on raw silk reeling traits. Maximum improvement in filament length (12.78-14.49%), non-breakable filament length (13.04-15.01 %), reelability (8.63-12.39%) and renditta (10.68 and 14.73%) was recorded in 0.50% (C1) dose when fed at 0 hour of 5^th instar once (T0) and daily once from 0 hour to the onset of spinning (T1) over the control. There was no significant difference between the effects exhibited at the two application times (T0 & Tl) and therefore, application at 0 hour of 5^th instar was concluded as economically viable and recommendable to rear the cocoons to get better raw silk reeling properties.

3 tables, 14 ref

008742   Ramachandran R;Kanakaraj P (Fashion Technology Dep, PSG College of Tech, Coimbatore-641 004, Email: ramstex@rediffmail.com) : Engineering and applications of ultrafine denier fibres. J Text Ass 2009, 70(3), 108-12.

This article is a review which apprehends ultrafine denier fibres, their manufacturing process, problems associated with the manufacturing of Ultrafine denier fibres especially while processing Polyester with Nylon, some of their applications. The benefits of these fibres and various fibres used for manufacturing these multicomponent ultrafine denier fibres are also discussed.

6 illus, 8 ref

008741   Raja D;Arputharaj A;Prakash C;Ramesh Babu V; Koushik C V (Rashion Technology Dep, Sona College of Technology, Salem-636 005, Email: rajaslm@gmail.com) : Dyeing behavior of cotton/organic cotton knitted fabrics. Indian J Sci Technol 2010, 3(7), 746-51.

Organic cotton is grown using methods and materials that have a low impact on the environment. Organic cotton is grown and processed without toxic chemicals that can be absorbed easily when in contact with the user's skin. This paper describes the dyeing behavior of organic cotton vs conventional cotton to find what will be the significance between them. The ring spun yarns of 40^s combed organic (GOTS certified) and ordinary cotton were produced with similar parameters like beating point and settings. Knitted fabrics were produced with similar loop length and weight using organic and ordinary cotton yarn. Both the fabrics were processed in GOTS certified Processing unit using reactive dyes in soft flow machine in single dye bath. Processed fabrics were tested for colour fastness to washing, water, rubbing, perspiration and light. Colour difference and strength were also measured using Spectrophotometer (DATACOLOUR). Presence of metals were also analyzed in both the processed fabrics and reported here.

10 illus, 14 tables, 6 ref

008740   Prakash C;Koushik C V (Fashion Technology Dep, Sona College of Technology, Salem-636 005, Email: dearcprakash@rediffmail.com) : Effect of loop length on the dimensional properties of silk and model union knitted fabric. Indian J Sci Technol 2010, 3(7), 752-4.

Deals with the dimensional stability of silk and model union knitted fabric as also the effect of loop length on the knitting of silk and modal yarn in plaited structure. Silk material has exceptional lustre and good tenacity among the natural fibres. Silk knitted fabric is regarded as a special product that can hold its own and survive in the competitive and diversified global textile market. With regard to silk-filament yarn knitting, it has been observed that the number of plies in the yarn and the yarn twist are interrelated and their effect on fabric properties is significant.

3 illus, 7 tables, 7 ref

008739   Muralidhara K S;Sreenivasan S (Textiles Committee, Ministry of Textiles, Government of India, P Balu Raod, Prabhadevi, Mumbai-400 025, Email: texomalabmurali@gmail.com) : Thermal degradation and burining behaviour of cellulose based and cellulose-silk blended upholstery fabrics. J scient ind Res 2010, 69(11), 879-85.

This study presents thermal degradation and burning behaviour of cellulose based and cellulose-silk blended upholstery fabrics treated with phosphorus (chemical A) and halogen (chemical B) based flame retardant (FR) chemicals. Char content increased substantially in all samples after treatments. Calculated activation energy (E) was found as follows: control cotton(CP), 196.5; cotton+flax (CF), 213.3; and cotton+silk (CS), 254.6 kj/mol. Calculated E_a after treatment with chemical A and chemical B, respectively, was reduced to: CP, 38.2, 130.6; CF, 96.2, 151.3; and CS, 97.7, 152.0 kJ/mol. Char length, after glow and rate of flame spread, were changed significantly after chemical was applied onto samples. Effect of FR reduced after treated fabrics were washed for 3 repeated cycles; rate of flame spread and char length were significantly lower when compared to control samples. Thus impregnation of FR on cellulose and silk made them force out water vapour under initial burning condition and thereby resisted burning.

3 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref

008738   Malik S K;Bairwa S S (Textile Chemistry Dep, Technological Institute of Textiles and Sciences, Bhiwani-127 021) : Improve the abrasion resistance fo woollen felt. J Text Ass 2009, 70(1), 27-31.

An attempt has been made to improve the abrasion resistance of woollen felt manufactured in rural areas of Rajasthan, using binders like Zypol, Visicryl-7045 NW and HF -100 keeping the flammability of felt material under control. These binders were applied by spraying their solution in water followed by drying. The flammability was controlled by using DAP in the spraying solution. It is observed that all three chemicals improve the abrasion resistance without decreasing its thickness significantly. Therefore, this felt may now be acceptable to the user as a floor covering.

7 tables, 7 ref

008737   Kadole P V;Pujari M M (NO, Textile & Engineering Institute, Ichalkaranji-416 115, Email: manishmp2@rediffmail.com) : Optimization of steaming parameters in xorella (Y.C.P.). J Text Ass 2009, 70(6), 278-83.

Textile market is becoming sensitive buyer's market. Weaver is demanding dimensioned quality with consistency from spinners. Therefore in order to satisfy these demands without altering the raw material; the hygroscopic nature of cotton fibres is used. Higher the humidity, more is the absorbency of fibres. The concept of yarn conditioning plant came into picture to supply the yarn with increased strength & elongations, reduced snarling of yarn, improved working at post spinning processes like warping, weaving, knitting, etc. Moisture content & strength of yarn is increased. Yarn conditioning reduces invisible loss to the spinners. It will give weight gain of 1% to 1.5% which is direct monetary profit. Therefore most of the spinning mills are now going for YCP. Though it's initial cost of investment is high, but it's payback period is very less. Also these modem YCP gives us even penetration of steam into all the layers of yarns on cone & ensures even conditioning effect throughout the package.

1 illus, 3 tables, 5 ref

008736   Jhala P B;Gandhi G A (John Bisell Research Chair Research Associate, National Institute & Design, Ahmedabad-380 007) : Single fibre friction cum strength tester. J Text Ass 2009, 70(3), 99-102.

In textile industry, processing parameters affect the fibre to fibre friction properties which decide its spinnability and quality of end product. The frictional properties & the strength of dyed polyester staple yarns & cotton melange yarns deteriorates during dyeing. Hence, a good instrument was needed to test the friction & strength of fibres. At NID, digital compact & low cost instrument was made to measure the fibre friction and the breaking strength. The friction & tenacity of various wool fibres were tested with this instrument & it was found to give results with good accuracy & reliability.

3 illus, 4 tables, 5 ref

008735   Gokarneshan N;Jegadeesan N;Dhanapal P (NIFT Tea College of Knitwear Fashion, , Tiruppur-641 606, Email: advaitcbe@redifmail.com) : An investigation on the liquid moisture transmission characteristics of polyester/viscose blended single jersey knits. J Text Ass 2009, 70(1), 5-8.

Investigates the wicking behaviour of knitted fabrics produced with varying blend proportions and deniers' of polyester and viscose fibres. The influence of denier and blend proportions affect the wickability of the fabrics. Treatments such as dyeing and enzymatic affect the wickability of the fabrics. Enzymatic treatment improves the capillary action in the fabric by causing surface modification of polyester fibre component in the blends. Polyester has been found to reduce the wickability, while viscose has been found to improve it.

1 illus, 7 tables, 6 ref

008734   Dorugade V A (Fibres and Textile Psrocessing Technology Dep, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, N. Parekh Marg, Mumbai-400 019, Email: dorugadev65@yahoo.co.in) : Textiles in transportation. J Text Ass 2009, 70(6), 289-94.

Technical textiles make up for 25% of the textile market in transportation. Indian automotive sector, which is growing at a rate of 20% a year, has stimulated strong growth for the domestic textiles sector. Transportation is the largest user of technical textiles. Textiles provide a means of decoration and a warm soft touch to surfaces that are necessary features for human well being and comfort, but textiles are also essential components of the more functional parts of all road vehicles, trains, aircraft and sea vessels. In automobiles, an average 11-18 kg of textiles is used. The majority of these textiles are manufactured on account of the excellent properties inherent to polyester such as UV resistance, abrasion and tear resistance. As transportation volumes increase, the environmental issues are likely to be addressed with more efficient and lighter aircraft, trains, road vehicles and sea vessels.

1 table, 10 ref

008733   Dedhia E;Gupta M (Textiles and Fashion Technology Dep, College of Home Science, Nirmala Niketan, Email: elamanojdedia@yahoo.com) : Consumer preferences based on quality and appearance cues. J Text Ass 2009, 70(3), 113-17.

The consumer tastes and preferences are fast changing in accordance with times. It is extremely important to study consumer preferences as there is severe competition among shirt industry to capture the market share because of number of players ranging from brands to huge unbranded segment. The manfacturers and retailers of shirts need to meet the rising expectations of the consumers. It is imperative to understand consumer preferences related to each characteristic, under intrinsic (quality) and extrinsic (appearance) cues for selection of a shirt due to dynamic changes in men's clothing in terms of color, design, style and so on. The study indicates that quality and appearance cues are critical elements in consumer's preference for shirts. It is clearly evident that irrespective of the segment of shirts i.e. casual, formal or occasional; consumers base their preferences both on quality and appearance cues. Other noticeable fact emerged was that similar preference pattern was noticed in both branded and unbranded categories of shirts. Also durability under quality cue and size and fit under appearance cues were considered as most significant dimensions by consumers as preference in all segments of shirts. Therefore, consumer's preferences reports would be of immense value to the clothing industry.

4 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

008732   Chaudhary A K;Nishant Kumar;Rahul Ranjan (Textile Technology Dep, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar-144 011, Email: akc1087@gmail.com) : Characterization of pore size and air permeability of nonwoven filter media. J Text Ass 2009, 70(1), 19-26.

The filtration properties of filter media were indirectly analyzed by pore size measurements and air permeability. Void volume and its accessibility to the passage of air within the structure are important for particle capture, cake formation and pressure drop during the filtration. The relationship between pore size and air permeability in two spunlaced nonwoven filter fabrics and two spunbonded/meltblown/spunbonded (SMS) nonwoven filter fabrics were investigated. Minimum, maximum and mean flow pore sizes were determined using liquid porosimetry. The influence of nonwoven filter weight and thickness on air permeability and pore sizes of filter media was also evaluated. For the spunlaced filter fabrics, air permeability was highly correlated with mean flow pore size, while there was a significant correlation between air permeability and maximum pore size for the SMS nonwoven filter fabrics. Liquid porosimetry is one of the useful technique in assessing pore sizes of nonwoven filter fabrics and can also aid in understanding the mechanism of air permeability in filter fabric.

5 illus, 3 tables, 28 ref

008731   Chandrasekaran V;Senthilkumar M (Textuke Technology Dep, PSG Polytechnic College, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu-641 004, Email: cmsenthilkumar@yahoo.com) : Assessment of vitamin-E finish on knitted fabrics. J Text Ass 2009, 70(6), 284-8.

The selected knitted fabric samples have been taken to apply Vitamin E finish and the performance of the finish has been evaluated by commercial testing methods. From the selected three test results, the Vitamin E can be gained by using the Vitamin E enriched garment. The transfer of Vitamin E to the skin gives the confidence to protect the skin from UV rays. The percolations of Vitamin E into the blood through the pores of the skin will definitely benefit the wearer. This is suitable not only for Vitamin E deficient person but also for the normal persons because of its anti-oxidant action over the skin. T Vitamin E enriched fabric can be used as value added product which will satisfy the expectations of the people.

1 illus, 6 ref

008730   Bhadui S K;Saha S C;Mojumdar P (Quality Evaluation & Improvement Div, National Institute of Research on Jute and Allied Fibre Technology (IC, , Email: sbhaduri2000@yahoo/com ) : Grading of ramie fibre. J Text Ass 2009, 70(3), 93-8.

The long fine ramie fibre is naturally white, lustrous and one of the strongest natural fibres. The leading producers and users of the fibre viz. China, Brazil, Japan and the Philippines have developed their own system of grading ramie on quality parameters for its marketing and proper utilization. In India, the production of ramie is increasing because of its superior quality and eco-friendly application potentials. In view of the prospects of increased production and utilization of the fibre, a grading system has been devised for the decorticated fibres at the producer level as well as for the degummed fibres at the user level on the basis of fibre qualities which mainly decide the grade of fibre. The fibres have been graded into four types, viz. excellent, very good, good and average on a 100 point score card basis, assigning scores on relative importance and weightage of the six fibre properties, viz. fibre length, strength, fineness or fibre separation, softness or gum content, colour and defects. The grading system of the fibre will benefit the farmers as well as the users and other stakeholders in the industry in marketing and specific utilization of the fibre in diverse areas.

9 tables, 16 ref

008729   Bello K A;Bobai G A (Textile Science and Technology Dep, Ahmadu ello University, Zaria, Nigeria) : Synthesis, spectroscopic and dyeing properties of disperse dyes derived from 2-amino-4-trifluoromethylbenzothiazole. J Text Ass 2009, 70(1), 32-6.

Monoazo disperse dyes were synthesized using heterocyclic amine by the process of diazotisation and coupling. The dyes were synthesized by coupling different components to 2-amino-4ªtrifluoromethylbenzothiazole.The coupling components used are N,N-dimethylaniline, N,N,-diethylaniline, bis(2-cyanoethyl)aniline, 3-acetylamino- N,N -diethylaniline, 5-acetylamino- 2-methoxy- N,N -diethylaniline, 2-Naphthol and I-Naphthol respectively. The different properties of the dyes such as yield, melting point, molecular weight, molecular structure, molar extinction coefficient, degree of exhaustion and wash fastness properties on nylon were analyzed. The effect of application conditions such as temperature and time on dye exhaustion was also investigated. The dyes have very good extinction coefficient and excellent wash fastness, thus can be of commercial significance.

5 illus, 3 tables, 10 ref

008728   Anshu;Tuteja S;Singh A (Textile & Clothing Dep, M.A.B. College of Home Science, Chadrashekhar Azad University of Agric, Kanpur-208 002, Email: arch_knp@yhoo.co.in) : Utility garments for spastic persons as per their disability. J Text Ass 2009, 70(6), 295-8.

There is none in this world who is totally able and none who is totally disabled. Disability is impairment of structure of function imposed by disease, accidents or inheritance. Functional garments are important for disabled as they reduce dependence on others for dressing and undressing. The study was conducted on 40 spastic respondents, selected through purposive sampling technique. It was found that most of the respondents faced problems in donning, doffing and manipulating fasteners. Hence in designing garments for these persons focus was given on type of fasteners used, comfort, factors that provide ease in donning and doffing, ease of care and cost of garment.

1 illus, 4 tables, 3 ref

008727   Ammayappan L;Jeyakodi Moses J (Wool Technology Div, Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar-304 501, Email: lammayappan@yahoo.co.in) : An overview on application of cyclodextrins in textile product enhancement. J Text Ass 2009, 70(1), 9-18.

Surface modification of textile fibers is receiving increased attention. A novel concept for the modification of the fibrous polymer surface is based on the permanent fixation of supramolecular compounds such as cyclodextrins. Cyclodextrins are torus-shaped cyclic oligosaccharides. They are able to form inclusion complex with a large number of organic molecule. This property of cyclodextrin enables them to impart functional properties such as hydrophilicity, complexation of sweat, release of perfume Lantimicrobial pharmaceutical characters to textile fibers by microencapsulation, which promotes the wearing comfort of clothing textiles. This paper reviews the new-use of cyclodextrins in textile product enhancement.

3 illus, 2 tables, 102 ref

008726   Adivarekar R V;Pisal S (Fibres and Textiles Processing Technology Dep, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Matunga, Mumbai-400 019, Email: ravi@udct.org) : Reuse and recycling of textile solid wastes. J Text Ass 2009, 70(3), 118-26.

Due to increased awareness and strict laws, disposal of waste is strictly avoided through the use of recycling technologies. The most practical way to reduce pollution is to reuse and recycle the waste several times before it is discarded. Though textiles are nearly 100% recyclable, in reality, the rate of recycling in textiles, both preconsumer and postconsumer is not very high. This paper sheds light on the recycling industry, on the scope of recycling the textile solid waste through various mechanical and chemical processes and also recycling from an energy saving perspective. The importance of the recycling behavior through the micro and macro approach is also emphasized.

6 illus, 1 table, 19 ref