006074   Xiaoliang T;Gao Q;Xianping F (Plasma and Surf Res Cent, Coll of Sci Dong Hua Univ, Shanghai-200 051, China, Email: xltang@dhu.edu.cn) : Atmospheric dieletric barrier discharge and its application to surface modification of blood-filtering nonwoven fabrics. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2006, 31(3), 432-8.

Electricity parameters of discharge current and discharge power measured by the oscilloscope have been analyzed by using improved dielectric barrier discharge equipment. After carefully controlled discharge voltage, current, power and gap between the electrodes, an improved quasi-stable atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge plasma source is achieved. This plasma source has been used to modify the surface of melt-blown polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) nonwovens. It is observed that both the wettablity and permeation of treated melt-blown PBT nonwovens are greatly improved. The result is of great importance to dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure and its application to surface modification of textile materials.

12 illus, 1 table, 31 ref

006073   Tyagi G K;Madhusoodhanan P (NO, The Technol Inst of Text & Sci, Bhiwani 127 021, Email: drgktyagi@rediffmail.com) : Effect of fibre cross-sectional shape on handle characteristics of polyester-viscose and polyester-cotton ring and MJS yarn fabrics. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2006, 31(4), 496-500.

Relationships between handle characteristics of polyester-viscose and polyester-cotton ring and MJS yarn fabrics and yarn bulk and rigidity have been studied using FAST evaluation system. Generally, MJS yarn fabrics are relatively thicker, more rigid and provide a lower shear rigidity and enhanced formability. There are significant changes in the compression, shear rigidity and formability with variation in fibre profile, and a marked improvement in these characteristics is obtained with trilobal polyester fibre. Increased polyester component leads to a noticeable increase in bending and shear rigidities. A polyester-cotton fabric has been found preferable to a polyester-viscose fabric in respect of fabric handle.

5 illus, 3 tables, 10 ref

006072   Tyagi G K (NO, The Technol Inst of Text & Sci, Bhiwani-127 021, Email: drgktyagi@rediffmail.com) : Effect of spinning conditions on characteristics of polyester-viscose MJS core yarns. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2006, 31(4), 515-20.

Effect of processing conditions in air-jet spinning on the characteristics of polyester-viscose core-spun yarns has been studied. It is observed that the increase in main draft leads to a significant increase almost in all mechanical characteristics. Reduced yarn linear density also has a potential for an appreciable increase in these characteristics. Increased spinning speed also provides a noticeable increase in yarn tenacity, breaking extension, initial modulus, energy-to-break, flexural rigidity, elastic recovery and abrasion resistance.

7 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref

006071   Talebpour F;Holme I (Dep of Art, Alzahra Univ, Tehran, Iran, Email: fartalebpour@yahoo.com) : Effects of silicone-based softener on the easy care finished cotton fabric. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2006, 31(3), 444-9.

Effects of an easy-care finish, namely DMeDHEU and DMeDHEU plus silicone softener, on physical properties of bleached cotton fabric have been studied. It is obvious that easy-care finish imparts marked increase in the fabric crease resistance along with the increase in static and kinetic frictions. The application of silicone softener on lop of the easy-care finished fabric decreases the fabric friction and a further increase in the crease recovery angle is also observed. Easy-care finishing marginally changes the bending length, which is reduced to some extent by the application of silicone softener.

5 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

006070   Subramanian S;Peer Mohamed A (Dep of Text Technol, A C Coll of Technol Anna Univ, Chennai-600 025, Email: ssubbu@annauniv.edu) : Analysis of controlling force at the double apron drafting system of ring frame. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2006, 31(4), 529-36.

Controlling of floating fibres at the double apron drafting system of ring frame to avoid formation of drafting wave has been analysed. The limitation of existing double apron roller drafting system in controlling the floating fibres has been discussed. The cradle of the drafting system has been modified to achieve higher controlling force towards the front roller nip to execute better control over the floating fibres and lower controlling force away from the front roller nip to reduce the drafting resistance in order to avoid undrafting. The imperfections and total classified yarn faults are lower for the yarn produced using modified cradle without spacer compared to that of normal cradle with least possible thickness spacer.

6 illus, 5 tables, 18 ref

006069   Shiva Prakash A V;Srinath K;Nagaraj P;Badri Prasad K S (Govt S.K.S.J.T. Inst, , K. R. Circle, Bangalore-560 001) : New finishing techniques on denim. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(8), 298-301.

4 illus, 5 ref

006068   Shiva Prakash A V;Rvi Sankar C K (NO, Govt Sri Krishna Rajendra Silver Jubilee Technol Inst, Bangalore-560 001) : Effect of take-down tension of the properties of weft knitted fabrics. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(8), 313-17.

13 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

006067   Shanmugasundaram O L;Giri Dev V R;Neelakandan R;Madhusoothanan M (Dep of Text Technol, A C Coll of Technol Anna Univ, Chennai-600 025, Email: vrgiridev@yahoo.com) : Drug release and antimicrobial studies on chitosan-coated cotton yarns. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2006, 31(4), 543-7.

Cotton yarns coated with chitosan have been prepared by the oxidation of cotton yarns with sodium periodate at 60°C in water and subsequent treatment with a solution of chitosan in aqueous acetic acid. Infrared spectra of the chitosan-coated cotton yarn show the formation of Schiff's base between the chitosan and the oxidized cellulose. The chitosan-coated yarns have been further immobilized with tetracycline drug and the effect of drug concentration and treatment time on drug release characteristics and antimicrobial activity studied. The study shows good drug release characteristics and antimicrobial activity against E.coli and S. aureus.

7 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref

006066   Shanmugam N;Doke S S (Cent Inst for Res on Cott Technol, , Adenwala Road, Mumbai-400 019, Email: Dr.shanmugam@gmail.com) : Classifying fibre attributes of cotton using Kohonen neural networks. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2006, 31(4), 583-7.

Kohonen neural network has been used to classify cotton fibre characteristics, viz. 2.5% span length, bundle strength, short fibre index, uniformity ratio and elongation. Twenty three cottons studied are classified into 3 groups and each group is given range of values for each property. Except fibre elongation, the other properties have distinct range of values for each group. The developed model is found to have a classification rate of 100%, when validation is done for 4 cottons.

1 illus, 4 tables, 17 ref

006065   Shakyawar D B;Gupta N P;Patni P C (Div of Wool Technol, Cent Sheep & Wool Res Inst, Avikanagar-304 501, Email: dbshakya@yahoo.co.in) : Subjective evaluation of hand knotted carpets. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2006, 31(3), 426-31.

Sixty-two different carpet samples have been evaluated for Carpet Aesthetic Value (CAV) and Carpet Hand Value (CHV) subjectively by ten different judges. Each carpet sample was considered individually and an estimated score was awarded on an arbitrary scale between 0 and 5. The rank correlations were worked out among different judges for CAV and CHV. The correlation coefficients for all the samples are found to be 0.37, 0.49 and 0.34 for CAV and 0.55, 0.53 and 0.52 for CHV for all the judges, manufacturers and users groups respectively, which are highly significant (p<60>0.01). This indicates that all the judges are in close agreement. The analysis to examine the influence of fibre mix, carpet constructional parameters and finishing treatment reveals that the CHV is influenced by fibre mix and it increases with the increase in knot density and pile height upto some level, whereas antique and herbal wash treatments reduce the CHV value.

5 illus, 4 tables, 11 ref

006064   Sengupta S (Government Coll of Engng & Text Technol, , P.O. Berhampore, West Bengal-742 101) : Technology of fusible interlinings and designing of a nonconventional single piece shirt collar by bending anisotropic approach. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(8), 302-8.

Fusible interlinings are used in apparel manufacture and are designed to control the garment in critical areas. The number of operations required to finish a garment are reduced. An attempt has been made to design a non-conventional single piece shirt collar by bending anisotropy approach by using woven and non-woven interlinings. Hence the cost of garment making comes down, production increased, quality can be improved successfully.

7 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

006063   Selvan M T;Raghunathan K (Dep of Text Technol, A C Coll of Technol Anna Univ, Chennai 600 025, Email: tamilsudha@yahoo.com) : Effect of mass of kapas on quality of ginned lint. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2006, 31(3), 369-75.

Impact of mass of kapas on quality of ginned lint has been studied using MCU-5 variety. It is found that with the increase in mass of kapas, the quantity of lint and its length increase. The other physical properties of lint are also found to be superior with the increase in mass of kapas. Irrespective of the mass of kapas, the ginning machine setting shows significant impact on fibre properties. The strength and elongation of fibre vary significantly with varying length of oscillation of beater knife from the edge of fixed knife. This is because the removal of fibres from the seed is accomplished by a fixed knife held tightly against a single ginning roller and a moving (reciprocating) knife that co-operates with the roller and fixed knife to separate the fibre from the seeds. The range of increase in short fibre content and nep (content/g) is found to be significantly higher in the sample below 100 mg. If feeding is done in the form of locule in the ginning machine, the fibre deterioration is significantly lesser as compared to feeding as kapas.

3 illus, 6 tables, 11 ref

006062   Sefain M Z;Mobarak F;Fadl M H;Kassem N F (Cellulose and Paper Dep, Natn Res Cent, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt) : Improvement of paper properties part II: Addition of kaolin and starch to bagasse paper sheets treated with gelatin-hexamine. IPPTA Jl 2006, 18(1), 33-37.

Purpose of addition of Kaolin is to increase the printing opacity of the unbleached and bleached bagasse paper sheets. In this study, 15% kaolin was added to unbleached and bleached bagasse pulp containing 0.5% gelatin and 0.6% hexamine using in-pulp, dipping or spraying techniques. Addition of 10% starch to the previous pulps to increase the strength of the formed sheets. Mechanical and optical properties were tested in each case as well as water retention and permeability.

6 illus, 5 ref

006061   Sarwar Jahan M;Lee Z;Jin Y (Pulp and Paper Res Div, BCSIR Laboratories, Dhaka, Bangladesh) : Organic acid lignin from rice straw. IPPTA Jl 2006, 18(1), 45-50.

Isolated lignins from the spent liquor of rice straw formic acid pulping, residual formic acid pulp have been investigated by UV, FT-IR and ¹HNMR spectroscopy and compared with soda-AQ liquor and dioxane rice straw lignins. The UV spectra showed two absorption maxima at 280 and 310 nm in all lignins, which are common in grass lignin. Strong band was observed at 1720 cm^-1 in FT-IR spectra in formic acid liquor and pulp lignins as compared to soda-AQ liquor and dioxane rice straw lignins. NMR spectra showed that lignins were to undergo demethylation, condensation, ring opening, formylation of hydroxyl groups during formic acid pulping.

3 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

006060   Sarwar Jahan M;Chowdhury D A N;Khalidulislam M (Div of Pulp and Paper Res, BCSIR Laboratories, Dhaka, Bangladesh) : NS-AQ pulping of kash (Saccharum spontaneum). IPPTA Jl 2006, 18(1), 69-73.

Pulping of Kash (Sccharum spontaneum) was done by neutral-sulfite (NS) and neutral-sulpite anthraquinone (NS-AQ) processes with varying chemical charge and cooking time. The total pulp yield, screened pulp yield, reject, kappa number and viscosity were decreased with increasing chemical charge or cooking time. Addition of 0.1% AQ to the cooking liquor increased screened pulp yield by 0.7-1.1% and decreased reject by 0.2-0.3% without significant change in kappa number. The moderate beating of kash pulp leads to remarkable increase in drainage resistance. The O₂ prebleaching decreased kappa number by about 42% and increased brightness by 20.4% for NS and 18.8% for NS-AQ pulp with the sacrifice of 10% viscosity. Both pulps were bleached to above 80% brightness in ODEDP bleaching and about 75% brightness in OQPP bleaching. There was no significant difference in physical properties of NS and NS-AQ pulp in both bleaching processes. Slightly higher physical properties were observed in ODEDP bleaching.

6 illus, 5 tables, 9 ref

006059   Riva A;Coll L;Kasem M (Instituto de Investigacion Textil de Terrassa (Intexter), Universidad Politecnica de Cataluna, Spain, Email: ariva@intexter.upc.edu) : Structural and functional characteristics of yarns manufactured by different pneumatic spinning systems. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2006, 31(3), 387-93.

Structural and functional properties of yarns manufactured by two pneumatic spinning systems, namely pneumatic wrapping spinning by false twist and pneumatic spinning by real wrapping twist, have been studied and compared to those of the yarns manufactured by conventional ring spinning. These properties are assessed by determining apparent diameter, yarn deformation, yarn evenness, hairiness, neps, average apparent twist, tenacity, elongation, twist vivacity, elongation due to untwist-backtwisting and residual shrinkage. The real wrapping twist pneumatic spinning system produces yarns that have a less pronounced corkscrew structure than those produced by false twist pneumatic spinning. However, the yarns produced by real twist spinning show some characteristics of irregularity and dynamometric characteristics that situate them in an inferior position to yarns produced by conventional ring spinning.

5 illus, 8 tables, 27 ref

006058   Rengasamy R S;Kothari V K;Patnaik A (Dep of Text Technol, Indian Inst of Technol, New Delhi-110 016, Email: rsrengasamy@yahoo.co.in) : Hairiness reduction in polyester spun yarns during ring spinning using air nozzles-Optimization of nozzle and other parameters. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2006, 31(4), 521-8.

Nozzle and other parameters have been optimized using factorial design approach to reduce the hairiness of ring-spun yarns as the fibre strand coming out of the nip of front roller of ring frame is passed through an air-vortex nozzle before going to the lappet. The parameters, such as axial angle of air inlets in the nozzles, diameter of yarn channel in the nozzle, air pressure supplied to the nozzles and denier of fibres used to spin the yarns, have been considered. The 45° angle for air inlets, 2.2 mm diameter of nozzles, 1.0 denier fibre and 0.9 bar (gauge) air pressure are the best combinations to obtain lowest yarn hairiness when using nozzles during spinning. Computational fluid dynamics model has been used to simulate airflow pattern inside the nozzle. Swirling effect of air, caused by the design of the nozzles, is the main reason behind yarn hairiness reduction. Vortex nature of air along with, air velocity is important phenomenon in reducing yarn hairiness. Tensile and evenness properties of NozzleRing yarns are almost similar to those of the conventional ring yarns spun without nozzle.

8 illus, 4 tables, 17 ref

006057   Reddy N;Yang T;McAlister III D D (Dep of Texts Clothing & Des 234HE Bldg, Univ of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0802, USA, Email: yyang2unl.edu) : Processability and properties of yarns produced from cornhusk fibres and their blends with other fibres. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2006, 31(4), 537-42.

Natural cellulose fibres extracted from cornhusks have been blended with cotton and polyester and processed on the ring and rotor spinning machines. The processability of cornhusk fibres on the conventional spinning systems, compatibility with cotton and polyester, and properties of the blended yarns have been studied. The properties of cornhusk fibre blended yarns are also compared with those of the similar yarns produced from unconventional fibres, such as pineapple and banana leaves, milkweed and kenaf. It is observed that the blending of cornhusk fibres with cotton does not adversely affect the properties of yarns while the blending of cornhusk fibres with polyester improves the strength and elongation of the yarns.

3 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref

006056   Priyadarshini R;Mahendran B (Fashion Technol Dep, Kamarguru Coll of Technol, Coimbatore-641 006) : Carbon nanotubes - the smart entities. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(8), 288-93.

7 illus

006055   Patra A K;Bhaumik S;Kaur H (The Technological Inst of Text & Sci, , Bhiwani-127 021, Email: arunkpatra@rediffmail.com) : Studies on pigment dyeing of cotton by exhaust method. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2006, 31(3), 450-9.

Exhaust dyeing with pigments was studied by varying different parameters, using different auxiliaries and carrying out studies on the physical chemistry of the coloration process. These pigments from Clariant, namely Printofix Yellow HEGR, Printofix Red HPBG and Printofix Turquoise Blue HRN, were used and various cationizing agents, leveling agents and lubricants were tried to get good and level dyeing. The cationization process, dyeing step, binder application and curing conditions were optimized for the three pigment colours. The results were mainly interpreted in terms of colour strength (K/S), visual assessment of evenness and fastness ratings. It was possible to get good colour depth and reasonable levelness by the exhaust dyeing. The wash fastness was quite good as expected while the crocking was not very encouraging. Spectral analysis along with kinetic and thermodynamic studies endorsed some of the trends observed during process optimization.

6 illus, 8 tables, 10 ref

006054   Patni P C;Shakyawar D B;Gupta N P (Status & Prospects of Wool Felt and Namda Ind 19 August 2004, , , Email: dbshakya_67@yahoo.co.in) : Studies on animal fibre blended hand made felts: Part I-Physical and mechanical properties. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2006, 31(4), 553-8.

Wool fibre has been blended separately with camel hair and angora rabbit wool in different proportions and felts of different thicknesses and densities produced as per Indian standards. The felts developed from medium type wool and rabbit hair give lowest density and thickness as required for extra soft quality (64s) felt. It is also observed that the performance characteristics of felt, i.e. tensile strength and splitting resistance, mainly depend on thickness of felt. The correlation between these two is also very high. The felts developed with pure camel hair give highest tensile strength and quite comparable splitting resistance and density with pure wool felt for making soft quality (48s) felt; however, it gives higher abrasion loss.

6 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

006053   Patel B H (Dep of Text Chem Fac of Technol & Engng, The M S Univ of Baroda, Vadodara-390 001, Email: kemchhobh@yahoo.com) : Dyeing of polyurethane fibre with Ocimum sanctum. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2006, 31(3), 474-6.

Polyurethane fibre has been dyed with a methanolic extract from the leaves of Ocimum sanctum containing ursolic acid as the major colourant with or without various metallic salts and different mordanting techniques. The improvement in depth of colour without altering the tone is observed. The colour of the samples has been evaluated on computer colour matching system in terms of K/S and L* a* b* colour coordinates. The dyeings show moderate to good fastness to washing, light and rubbing.

2 illus, 2 tables, 6 ref

006052   Ozdemir O;Sardag S;Kalaoglu F (Dep of Text Engng, Uludag Univ, Gorukle, Bursa 16059, Turkey, Email: ozdemir@uludag.edu.tr) : Effects of twisting methods on the plied yarn properties. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2006, 31(3), 394-400.

Influence of twisting method on the properties of Ne 39/1 and Ne 26/1 combed cotton yarns, plied two and three times on ring, two-for-one and balloonless twisting machines, has been studied. The yarn tenacity, breaking extension, work of rupture, twisting variations, hairiness (S3) and hairiness index values of the resultant yarns have been evaluated. The results, evaluated statistically, show that the plying and twisting methods influence the physical properties of plied yarn. The yarns twisted on balloonless twisting machines have lower hairiness and tenacity values than those of the yarns twisted on other machines while the yarns twisted on two-for-one twisting machines attain higher hairiness and twisting variance values than those of the yarns twisted on other machines. In terms of tenacity, the highest improvement obtained after plying occurs in the yarns twisted on two-for-one twisting machines while the lowest improvement is observed in the yarns twisted on balloonless twisting machines. Contrarily, the yarns twisted on ring and balloonless twisting machines show the highest improvement in hairiness and twisting variance values.

7 illus, 5 tables, 10 ref

006051   Onal L;Korkmaz M (Dep of Text Engng, Erciyes Univ, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey, Email: lonal@erciyes.edu.tr) : Angora rabbit fibre attrition within knitted fabrics under rubbing forces. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2006, 31(4), 507-14.

Reports Angora rabbit fibre damages within knitted fabrics under rubbing forces during Martindale pilling and abrasion tests, as well as pilling tendency and abrasion resistance of fabrics. Lyocell and cotton fibres have been blended with Angora rabbit and polyamide fibres and the samples are prepared with two different twist multipliers and fibre blends. It is observed that the cotton blended Angora fabrics have higher resistance to pilling than lyocell blended fabric. The higher twist multiplier also reduces the pilling of fabrics. SEM studies show that the combination of torsional and flexural fatigue is the leading cause of damage in Angora fibres during pilling cycle. Hair type of Angora fibres also behave differently under rubbing forces. Abrasion resistance of fabrics is significantly affected by fibre blend, twist multiplier and relaxation. Statistical analysis reveals the significance of interactions between these factors.

5 illus, 4 tables, 14 ref

006050   Mandal S;Zhiming Z (Inst of Text & Clothing The Hong Kong Polytechnic Univ, , Kowloon, Hong Kong) : Objective measurement of fabric handle - a revolution in apparel engineering. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(8), 309-12.

Discussed about the objective measurement of fabric handle. Fabric handle is a combination of various fabric characteristics such as smoothness, firmness, fullness, crispness, hardness. The development of the objective method of evaluating fabric handle helps direct uses of fabric mechanical properties in apparel engineering to develop product and process also. Objective measurement procedure is discussed from calculation point of view.

3 illus, 10 ref

006049   Malik S K;Das M (Dep of Text Chem, The Technol Inst of Text & Sci, Bhiwani-127 021, Email: maliksk88@yahoo.co.in ) : Low temperature bleaching of cotton using TAED activated peroxide bath. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2006, 31(4), 588-90.

Low temperature bleaching of cotton fabric using tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) in the dydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) bath has been studies and the most appropriate constions for this bleaching established. In this technique, in-situ peracetic acid formation takes place via reaction of TAED and H₂O₂. This method gives bleaching comparable to that of the conventional method at relatively low temperature (60°C). The exent of bleaching depends upon the temperature of bleaching, pH, concentration of TAED and treatment time. The loss of strength, process time and alkali required are also found to be less than for the samples bleached in conventional manner.

2 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

006048   Li W;Xu W (Text Res Cent, Wuhan Univ of Sci and Engng, Wuhan-430 073, P R China, Email: li0713@hotmail.com) : Influence of crosslinking conditions on the crystallinity of ramie fibre. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2006, 31(4), 548-52.

Ramie yarns have been treated with different concentrations of 1, 2, 3, 4- butanetetracarboxylic acid in presence of catalyst sodium hypophosphite at different curing temperatures. It is observed that the concentration of treating agent and curing temperature affect the crystallinity and crystalline size of ramie fibre.

4 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

006047   Lakshmana Reddy B H;Radhamohan K;Pai K V V (R&D Lab Mysore Paper Mills Ltd., , Papertown, Bhadravati, Karnataka) : Chemically activated carbon from lignin. IPPTA Jl 2006, 18(1), 65-8.

Chemically activated carbons were prepared from the lignin by pyrolysing with chemical reagents. The spent liquor obtained from Kraft pulping process produced at MPM pulp manufacturing unit was used as the source of lignin. The lignin was precipitated from the liquors by adjusting the pH to 2 to 3 by the addition of 2N H₂SO₄. In the Mysore paper mills the pulp and paper manufacturing units and sugar production units are integrated. They have their own Chemical recovery, heat recovery, and industrial waste utilization units. In CSRMP (Cold soda Refined Mechanical pulp) BSW Filtrate causes water pollution due to colour, BOD and COD. By Isolation of lignin from BSW filtrate there is a reduction to a level of 80 to 90% in colour, BOD and COD. The recovered lignin subjected to pyrolysis at 500°C in presence of Nitrogen atmosphere with suitable chemical reagents like H₃PO₄, H₂SO₄, ZnCl₂, and CaCl₂, activated carbon is obtained. The activated carbon is used as decolourising and de-odourising agent. Decolourisation tests were performed on a 50 Brix sugar syrup. The aim of this project is to utilize the polluting waste from pulp mill in prevention of environmental pollution. Replacing Sulphitation process in sugar industry for decolourisation by using activated carbon. Economical development of a process for industrial production of activated carbon from lignin and its application in sugar process will help in protecting the environment from pollutants.

2 tables, 5 ref

006046   Krishnan A N S;Ashok Kumar L;Venkatachalam A (Dep of Apparel Technol, PSG Polytechnic Coll, Coimbatore-641 004, Email: 1_ashokkumar@textile.psgtech.ac.in) : Design and development of illuminated clothing with PMMA for versatile applications. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2006, 31(4), 577-9.

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), a polymeric optical fibre, has been woven with cotton and polyester in a specific weave pattern to assess the light for light emitting textile application. The illumination of clothing system is primarily influenced by the weave geometry. The sateen weave shows better illumination as compared to twill weave, as the weft bending angle of sateen weave is less due to more weft float in the weave. The opportunities of integration of PMMA material into the clothing system have been investigated comprehensively.

^ssc4 illus, 2 tables, 5 ref

006045   Kimmel L B;Sawhney A P S;Delhom C D (U S Dep of Agric Sth Regional Res Cent Agric Res Serv, , ew Orleans LA 70124, USA, Email: apsingh@srrc.ars.usda.gov) : Tensile properties of various cotton and dyneema blend yarns. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2006, 31(3), 376-80.

Series of ring- and rotor-spun yarns has been produced from the low-level blends of Dyneema®, a gel-spun ultra-high molecular weight, high density polyethylene fiber (HDPE) of varied types, with selected white and naturally colored cottons and the tensile properties of blended yarns studied. The Dyneema® fiber is commonly referred to as high performance polyethylene (HPPE) due to its exceptionally high strength. The addition of small quantities of certain HPPE fibers substantially increases the yarn tenacity and breaking elongation of certain cotton blended yarns, particularly those made from naturally colored cottons. The resultant yarn tenacity appears to be influenced by the fineness of the constituent fibers and the level of yarn twist. The effect is more pronounced for the colored cottons than for the HPPE blends with white cotton. Whereas the yarn strength tends to increase for the pure brown and white cottons as the twist increases, it decreases in the green cotton yarns with the increase in twist within the range studied. However, the addition of small quantities of HPPE fiber results in substantial increase in tenacity for all at a constant level of twist. Finer HPPE fibers provide a greater improvement in yarn strength as compared to coarser HPPE fibers. The different frictional properties and geometries of the constituent cottons and synthetic fibers play a role in their blending and associated resultant yarn strength. The use of small quantities of 1-denier HPPE fiber significantly increases the strength and elongation of cotton blended yarns, particularly those made from brown cotton, with the minimal change in observed color. Such cotton and Dyneema® blends may find application in special purpose denims, where pure cotton yarns (whether white or naturally colored) or the traditional cotton-rich blends with conventional synthetics may not meet the performance requirements for fabric strength.

7 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

006044   Ikram M;Ali B (Res and Dev Dep, Packages Limited Sahara-e-Roomi, P.O. Amer Sidhu, Lahore, Pakistan-54760) : Desication of green liquor by modified plant trial strategies. IPPTA Jl 2006, 18(1), 39-43.

Rice and Wheat Straw are most commonly used raw materials in pulp and paper industries. These raw materials contain high silica contents and silica concentration even reaches as high as 20g/l. Major portion of this silica enters into black liquor during pulping and rest remains adhered with the fibers and travels into paper machine. This silica poses serious problems in its chemical recovery. Chemical composition of the black liquor particularly the extant of lignin and its stability and hemmicellulosic contents have profound influence on the selective separation of silica. In this research attempt has been made to improve the desilication process by implementation of modified continuous lime feeding system. Laboratory trials for desilication were performed with H₂SO₄, CO₂, and lime addition which gave 89%, 83% and 90% silica reduction respectively. H₂SO₄ and CO₂, were not selected for plant trials due to operational problems and high cost. Plant trials were carried out with hydrated lime which gave reasonable silica reduction but not as better as obtained by the lab trials. Addition of lime was carried out by modified continuous lime feeding system which bypasses the problems encountered by lime settling and results in significant reduction in soluble silica in green liquor.

11 tables, 4 ref

006043   Gunesoglu S;Meric B (Dep of Text Engng, Uludag Univ, 16059 Bursa, Turkey, Email: binnaz@uludag.edu.tr) : Heat and mass transfer properties of 2-yarn fleece knitted fabrics. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2006, 31(3), 415-21.

Heat and mass transfer properties of 2-yarn fleece fabrics of four different compositions have been studied by related measurements, such as thermal conductivity, water vapour permeability, airpermeability and wicking ability. It is observed that the raising process, used to produce typical commercially available fleece fabrics, is very effective on heat transfer properties; the effect of fibre type is rather strong on mass transfer properties of fleece fabrics.

5 illus, 3 tables, 21 ref

006042   Giridev V R;Dhinesh K;Raghulan M B; Raghunathan K (Dep of Text Technol, A C Coll of Technol Anna Univ, Chennai-600 025, Email: vrgiridev@yahoo.com) : Effect of lay-up angle and layers on mechanical properties of composites based on rib knit jute inlaid preforms. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2006, 31(3), 422-5.

Mechanical properties of knitted jute inlaid reinforced composites with different stacking sequences and number of layers have been studied. Flat rib knitted preforms have been produced in manual flatbed knitting machine followed by composite laminate preparation using simple hand lay-up technique. It is observed that the mechanical properties are dependant upon the stacking sequence and number of layers.

2 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

006041   Ganesan S;Ramakrishnan G (Dep of Text Technol, PSG Coll of Technol, Coimbatore-641 004, Email: ganesh1954s@yahoo.co.in) : Fibre migration in compact-spun yarns: part I-pneumatic compact yarn. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2006, 31(3), 381-6.

Fibre migration of regular ring-spun vis-a-vis compact-spun (pneumatic compact) combed cotton yarns has been studied using the tracer fibre technique for the different migration parameters. The yarn counts used were 40s and 52s Ne (14.8 tex and 11.4 tex). It is observed that the migration parameters for compact yarn are 10-25% lower than those of regular yarn in both 40s and 52s Ne counts. The degree of migration is found to be lower in compact-spun yarn than in ring-spun yarn due to the reduction in size of spinning triangle and its consequence in the tension gradient. Even though this causes significant change in degree of migration, its contribution is less in comparison to the tension gradient due to fibre occupying different radial positions. The diameter of compact yarn is found to be lower than that of regular yarn in both the cases and this indicates that the packing densities are different. Higher packing density coupled with better integration of fibres into the yarn body results in higher yarn strength.

2 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

006040   Dhurai B;Natarajan V (Dep of Text Technol, Kumaraguru Coll of Technol, Coimbatore-641 006, Email: bhaarathi_dhurai@yahoo.com) : Studies on enzymatic hair removal and softening of cotton hosiery yarns. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2006, 31(4), 565-72.

Enzyme softening of ring-spun carded and combed, and rotor-spun yarns of 30s count (19.68 tex) has been carried out using Bio-soft L+ enzyme with the aim of improving their knittability through improvement in yarn hairiness and frictional properties. A central composite rotatable design, proposed by Box and Behnken, was used to conduct experiment for developing mathematical models for the yarn characteristics, such as hairiness, kinetic friction and compression properties, in terms of the variables, namely enzyme concentration, temperature and treatment time. Quasi-Newton numerical method was used to optimize the process variables of enzyme softening treatment and the responses with reduction in hairiness index considered as the objective function. The studies show that the enzyme softening not only results in reduction of hairiness and improvement of frictional coefficients but also leads to improved compressional softness of yarns. Enzyme softening of ring-spun carded yarn results in high level of reduction in hairiness (28%) and kinetic friction (50%). The improvement in compressional softness is pronounced in rotor-spun yarn, while hairiness reduction is predominant in ring-spun yarns. Optimum values for process variables have been mathematically calculated from the experimental results. Optimized conditions for enzyme softening are found to be 2.25-3% (owm) enzyme concentration, 50<144>C temperature and 50-60 min treatment time.

4 illus, 9 tables, 14 ref

006039   Dave A;Gahlot M;Tuteja S (Clothing & Texts Dep, Coll of Hom Sci G.B.P.U.A & T, Pantnagar-263 145) : Effect of formic acid treatment on silk printed with reactive dye. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(8), 294-7.

4 tables

006038   Das D;Bhattacharya S C;Maulik S R (Inst of Jute Technol, 35 Ballygunge Circ Rd, Kolkata-700 019, Email: ijt@cal2.vsnl.net.in) : Dyeing of wool and silk with Punica granatum. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2006, 31(4), 559-64.

Application of dye obtained from Punica granatum fruit rind on wool and silk fabric in the presence and absence of environment-friendly mordanting agents has been studied. The dyeing of silk and wool with pomegranate solution is found to be effectively accomplished at pH 4.0. Pre- and post-mordanting employing ferrous sulphate and aluminium sulphate improve the colour uptake, light fastness and colour retention on repeated washing. The use of such mordants, however, does not improve wash fastness property of dyed substrates.

3 illus, 4 tables, 14 ref

006037   Ceven E K;Ozdemir O;L Dagkurs (Dep of Text Engng Fac of Engng and Architecture, Uludag Univ, Gorukle, Bursa-16059, Email: ozdemir@uludag.edu.tr) : Predicting abrasion behaviour of chenille fabric by fuzzy logic. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2006, 31(4), 501-6.

Effects of chenille yarn count, pile length and yarn twist level on abrasion resistance of chenille fabric have been studied using fuzzy logic system. Different chenille yarns are produced with varying yarn count, pile length and twist level on a chenille yarn machine. The viscose and acrylic have been used as pile and core yarns respectively and the fabrics are woven from these yarns by using them as filling yarns in the weaving construction. Abrasion resistance of chenille fabrics is measured with a Martindale abrasion tester. Experimental data are used in the establishment of the fuzzy logic model and the construction of basic principles. It is observed that the use of high twist levels and pile lengths brings about an improvement in abrasion resistance and the yarn count has a significant effect on mass loss. Correlation analysis (r = 0.978) confirms strong linear relationship between measured and predicted mass loss values. It is practically possible to obtain positive results with abrasion resistance optimization in a more economical way by fuzzy logic system.

8 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

006036   Bilgen M;Hauser P;Smith B (Dep of Text Engng Chem and Sci, North Carolina St Univ, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA, Email: peter_hauser@nesu.edu) : Ionic crosslinking of cellulose. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2006, 31(3), 363-8.

Cellulosic fabric has been treated with anionic (chloroacetatic acid) and cationic (3-chloro-2 hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride) materials followed by the application of a polycation (cationized glycerin) and a polyanion (1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid) to improve the fabric durable press performance. It is observed that the ionic crosslinks stabilize the cellulose using ionic materials which do not release hazardous reactive chemicals but at the same time provide improved wrinkle recovery angle as well as complete strength retention in treated goods. The polyelectrolyte, the ionic content of the fabrics, and various features of the application procedure have been varied to optimize the results and to develop an in-depth fundamental physical and chemical understanding of the stabilization mechanism.

8 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

006035   Bhattacharya S K;Das K (NO, Govt. Coll of Engng and Text Technol, Serampore-712 201, Email: salilctts@hotmail.com) : Suitability of cyclodal cam in shedding mechanism. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2006, 31(3), 465-6.

Suitable cycloidal cam has been designed and compared with the simple harmonic cam to study the behaviour of warp yarn tension and warp breakage rate. Electronic tensiometer was used to measure the tension of the warp yarn during weaving with and without shuttle for both types of cam to understand the effect of shuttle propulsion on warp yarn tension. It is observed that the warp breakage rate is comparatively less in case of cycloidal cam. The tension behaviour is also found to be smoother in case of cycloidal cam.

3 illus, 1 table, 4 ref

006034   Bhattacharya S K;Chakraborty A K (NO, Govt. Coll of Engng & Text Technol, Serampore-712 201, Email: salilctts@hotmail.com) : Pull out behaviour of yarn from plain woven jute fabric. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2006, 31(4), 580-2.

Effects of calendering and bending length on pull-out behaviour of yarns from five different sets of commonly used jute hessian fabrics have been studied. Force required to pull out yarn from the fabric is measured in tensile testing machine. The pull out characteristics of the yarn adjacent to the yarn which has previously been pulled out is also studied. Lesser pull-out force is observed in case of calendered samples, and the load to pull out the adjoining yarn, which is beside the yarn that has already been pulled out, is found to be comparatively much less.

^ssc3 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

006033   Bhaduri S K;Ghosh I N;Kundu S K;Mojumder P; Mondal S B (NO, Natn Inst of Res of Jute and All Fibre Technol, 12, Regent Park, Kolkata-700 040) : Leptadenia pyrotechnica-a potential raw material for pulp and paper. IPPTA Jl 2006, 18(1), 59-63.

Leptadenia pyrotechnica, locally known as Khimp, is a perennial plant that grows abundantly in the Thar Desert of Rajasthan, India. The whole plant, on chemical analysis, showed 29.51% α-cellulose, 18.97% pentosan, 16.12% lignin, 7.93% ethanol-benzene extractives, 2.147% pectin, and 3.12% ash. The potential of khimp plant as raw material for pulp and paper making was evaluated by studying the pulp yield and strength properties of paper obtained by kraft and hot soda semi-chemical processes of pulping. Optimization of the pulping conditions was done by studying the process variables, viz., alkali concentration, sulphidity, time and temperature of digestion to explore the potential of the raw material in pulp and paper industry. Digestion with 10% alkali in hot soda process for 3h at 98°-99°C yielded 54.85% pulp having highest tensile index (22.22 Nm/g). Kraft pulping of khimp was optimized with 15% alkali and 20% sulphidity at 140°C for 3h digestion, which yielded 41.71% pulp having tensile index of 19.61 Nm/g.

3 tables, 12 ref

006032   Behera B K;Muttagi S B (Dep of Text Technol, Indian Inst of Technol, New Delhi-110 016) : Engineering design of polyester-viscose blended suiting fabrics using radial basis function network: Part II-Prediction of fabric constructional parameters from its properties. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2006, 31(4), 489-95.

Application of artificial neural network approach to re-engineer the design of woven polyester-viscose blended suiting fabric to be used by the weavers has been described. The fabric constructional parameters have been predicted for specific fabric property requirements using the same network with an approach called reverse engineering. It is observed that the radial basis function neural network could successfully predict the trends in variation of fabric constructional parameters. Evaluation of the model for each fabric property specification shows good agreement between predicted and generally accepted fabric and yarn structure-property relationships.

5 illus, 3 tables, 17 ref

006031   Behera B K;Muttagi S B (Dep of Text Technol, Indian Inst of Technol, New Delhi-110 016, Email: behera@textile.iitd.ernet.in) : Engineering design of polyester-viscose blended suiting fabrics using radial basis function network: Part I-Prediction of fabric low-stress mechanical properties. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2006, 31(3), 401-8.

Complete engineering design of polyester-viscose blended suiting fabrics has been presented using radial basis function neural network algorithm. Fabric low-stress mechanical properties, such as extension, bending rigidity, shear rigidity, breaking strength have been predicted from the structural parameters of the fabric such as weave, yarn tex, thread density, crimp, fabric mass and fabric cover. It is observed that the radial basis function neural network could successfully predict the trends in variation of fabric property with corresponding change in structural parameters.

5 illus, 3 tables, 19 ref

006030   Banerjee P K;Bhat P (Dep of Text Technol, Indian Inst of Technol, New Delhi-110 016, Email: pkbt60@yahoo.com) : Influence of yarn torsional rigidity on dimensions of cotton knitted loops. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2006, 31(3), 409-14.

Interlock machine has been suitably modified for knitting 1 x 1 rib, half cardigan and interlock constructions employing commercial cotton hosiery yarns of seven different counts while maintaining the machine and process variables unchanged. Multiple regression equations were worked oul relating the loop dimensions, namely loop length, course spacing and wale spacing of the fully relaxed samples, with the tensile, flexural and torsional rigidities as well as with the thickness and coefficient of friction values of the yarns. These equations were validated by additionally knitting three different types of hosiery yarn for the three constructions and comparing the predicted values with the experimental ones. It is observed that the mean torsional rigidity of yarn plays a very important role in determining loop dimensions of all the three constructions, necessitating the testing and standardization of this property for improvement in quality of knit goods. For constructions incorporating tuck loops, such as half cardigan, the yarn buckling rigidity may additionally play a decisive role.

5 tables, 12 ref

006029   Ameri F;Moradian S;Tehran M A;Faez K (Dep of Polym and Color Engng, Amirkabir Univ of Technol, Tehran, Iran, Email: moradian@aut.ac.in) : Use of transformed reflectance functions for neural network color match prediction systems. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2006, 31(3), 439-43.

Attempts have been made to use different transformed reflectance functions as input for a fixed genetically optimized neural network match prediction system. Two different sets of data depicting dyed samples of known recipes but metameric to each other were used to train and test the network. All the transformed and untransformed reflectance functions gave good recipe predictions when trained and tested by the same data sets (PF/4 being less than 4). However, the transformation based on matrix R of the decomposition theory showed promising results, since it gave very good colorant concentration predictions when trained by the first set of data dyed with one set of colorants while being tested by a completely different second set of data dyed with a different set of colorants (PF/4 always being less than 10).

2 tables, 19 ref

006028   Afshari M;Tavakoli M;Norouzifar M;Masoumi Z (Dep of Text Engng, Yard Univ, PO Box 89195-741, Yazd, Iran, Email: mafshari@yazduni.ac.ir) : Effect of polyethylene glycol on physical properties of durable press finished cotton fabric. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2006, 31(3), 470-3.

Effect of molecular weight (400, 1000, 1500) and concentration (5-30%) of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on physical properties of durable press finished cotton fabrics using dimethylol dihydroxyl ethylene urea (DMDHEU) by pad-dry-curing has been studied. The results show that the addition of PEG influences crease resistance, abrasion resistance, water absorbency and tensile strength of treated fabric. By increasing molecular weight and concentration of PEG, crease resistance of the processed cotton fabric increases. In the presence of PEG with increasing time and temperature of curing, the crease resistance and water absorbency increase. The best results have been obtained using 400 molecular weight of PEG, 5% concentration of PEG, 2 min curing time, and 200°C curing temperature.

4 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref

006027   Abdessalem S B;Mokhtar S;Durand B;Chakfe N (Text Res Unit, , Textile High Institute of Ksar Hellal-Hadj Ali Soura Avenue, Email: saber_ba@yahoo.fr) : New concept of three dimensional weaving of bifurcated vascular prostheses. Indian J Fibre Text Res 2006, 31(4), 573-6.

Prototype of manual weaving machine has been developed for the fabrication of straight and bifurcated tubular structures used as vascular prostheses, conceiving a special heald frames selection device. This permits the selection of two branches warp yarns of the bifurcated structure separately and allows weft insertion to the middle of the warp sheet. The machine has been successfully used to weave a bifurcated prosthesis with biocompatible Dacron polyester filaments.

^ssc7 illus, 4 ref

004072   Shailaja D N;Jyoti V;Suvarnagouri Y;Sunita S (Textiles and Apparel Designing Dep, College of Rural Home Science, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad-5) : Insight into the traditional handloom of Kinnal, Karnataka. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2006, 5(2), 173-66.

The Handloom Industry plays a dominant role in the economic development of the rural mass. Handlooms are scattered in the rural and semi-urban areas. The Handloom Industry is an important sector in providing large-scale employment and result in the upliftment of the rural mass development. Handloom is perhaps one of the oldest industries. Even the tribal people scattered throughout the country, produce their own cloths with the elegant designs, unique colour combinations and lasting texture. Traditional handloom industry of Kinnal village of northern district of Karnataka has been discussed.

5 illus, 3 tables, 4 ref

003041   Satyanarayana K G;Wypych F;Guimaraes J L; Amico S C;Sydenstricker T H D;Pereira Ramos L (CEPESQ Centro de Pesquisa em Quimica Aplicada, Universidade Fedl do Parana Departamento de Quimica CP 19081 81531-990, Curitiba-PR-Brazil, Email: kgssatya@quimica.ufpr.br,) : Studies on natural fibers of brazil and green composites. Metals Mater Process 2005, 17(3-4), 183-94.

Natural resource of any country is one of the contributors for its GDP (gross domestic product). Brazil has a number of such resources, which are abundantly available and being not used to its full potential. Plant fibers belong to this category. Presents the data on the availability of some of the resources of such fibers, their production, structure and properties along with their present uses. It also briefly gives perspectives being used for their better utilization while giving a brief overview of the R&D carried out in the country in general and UFPR in particular in the synthesis of composites, to meet the ecological aspects and their increased use.

5 illus, 8 tables, 38 ref