020993   Sinha R H K;Dalal C D (NO, Rama Newsprint & Paper Ltd., Vill. Barbodhan, Taluka: Olpad Dist. Surat-395 005) : Energy conservation efforts of Rama newsprint and paper Ltd. to become role model in waste paper based paper industry. IPPTA Jl 2006, 18(3), 93-7.

Energy cost & demand altogether forced the industry in general to conserve energy and pulp and paper industry is no axception. Government of India is doing significent effort towards encouraging Energy Conservation by Energy Conservation Act 2001. One of the main provisions of this act is to establish and prescribe energy consumption norms for BEE designated consumers. For eco-friendly environment, energy conservation is a need of the country and the globe in total. Energy conservation also makes easy for the industry to survive in competitive business environment by improved production with cost reduction. Energy conservation in an industrial facility requires a thorough understanding of original design basis, current problem definition, goal settings, local assessment, base case model-development & an ability to conduct unlimited "What if analysis to determine cost effective efficiency improvement measures. Most successful projects are justified using energy savings & non-energy benefits. We at RNPL are involving in production of newsprint from waste papers. We give equal importance to 'Energy Management' together with 'Quality Management' and 'Environment Management'. Here we mentioned some efforts towards efficient use of energy and waste minimization in Paper Machine, Deinking and Utility area.

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020992   Roy A K (Cachar Paper Mill, Hidustan Paper Corporation Limited, Panchgram, Hailakandi, Assam) : Conservation through waste. IPPTA Jl 2006, 18(3), 77-80.

The Pulp & Paper Industry is one of the highly energy intensive chemical industries and energy cost component is dictating the cost of the production of Pulp & Paper. The need for energy conservation was felt seriously by the paper industry in the early 80's and thereafter the Pulp & Paper mills worldwide started taking up appropriate measures to cut down their energy usuage. Serious efforts have been made by Indian Pulp & Paper mills to bring down energy consumption, but still energy cost is about 50% higher than the mills in developed countries. Serious efforts for energy conservation in Indian mills have been initiated only one decade ago and during this period various integrated approaches have been taken up to cut down the energy cost component. In this article efforts made by Cachar Paper Mill, a unit of Hindustan Paper Corporation Limited, in different areas are highlighted.

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020991   Ravi K;Bagil N C A (NO, The Mysore Paper Mills Ltd., Paper Post Town, Bhadravathi- 577 302) : Power generation in process industries. IPPTA Jl 2006, 18(3), 87-92.

The basic needs of mankind in addition to air, water and food. Food is the source of energy for oneself. Civilization and abnormal growth of population has put tremendous pressure on energy sources. Natural energy sources are fast depleting. Emissions of greenhouse gases are on the. threshold limit. Environment has been damaged so badly, that future generation is at threat of starving for energy. Eco system has been totally disturbed. Global warming upsets sea level due to melting of glaciers. United Nations Organization started working on the protection of environment way back in 1992. Kyoto protocol signed- in 1997. United Nations Framework on Climate Change started monitoring the global phenomena. India has also initiated action in this direction by establishing Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) as the national level nodal agency to oversee and monitor the energy consumption in all walks of life: Govt. of India promulgated Energy Conservation Act 2001 to encourage the energy conservation and energy efficiency. Pulp and Paper industry sector, being one among the bulk energy consumer can contribute in the massive task of preserving energy and environment by optimizing their energy efficiency, by co-generation and energy efficiency practices.

5 illus, 2 ref

020990   Mukesh Kumar (NO, Gardner Denver Nash Singapore Pte Ltd., (India Liaison Office 112-113, Vikas Deep, Laxmi Nagar, District Centre, Delhi-110 092) : Save energy with efficient vacuum pumps and system design. IPPTA Jl 2006, 18(3), 103-6.

3 illus, 4 ref

020989   Lee H G (Graduate Institute of Ferrous Technology (GIFT), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-ku, Pohang, Korea, Email: hglee@postech.ac.kr) : On the direction of steel technology of Korea. Trans Indian Inst Metals 2006, 59(5), 819-27.

Science and technology of ferrous materials must continue to be advanced to create steel that nurtures an affluent eco-friendly society and contribute to the sustainable development of modern society. Korea has prepared a roadmap for technology development of steel which aims at leading the nation's steel industry to the leading edge in terms of technology. The Korean Government also has launched the development strategy of steel industry as a driving force of next generation growth. The strategy includes the selection of five strategic areas, namely, life line steels, mega structural steels, nano-steels, transport steels and zero emission processes. A number of specific steel grades and processes were selected for intensive development by the industry initiative: these are sheet steel for automotive application, high grade line pipe steel, TMCP steel, silicon steel, high grade wire rod, ferritic stainless steel, finex process, strip casting, endless rolling, and ultra-fine grain structure steel. Scholarship in ferrous materials has declined dramatically in many parts of the academic world. POSTECH, a research oriented university in Korea, initiated a proactive program in which graduate students are inspired into a deeper understanding of ferrous metallurgy through appropriate teaching and research.

^iia3 tables, 6 ref

020988   Kulkarni A G;Thapliyal B P;Mathur R M; Chakarvarti K K (NO, Central Pulp & Paper Research Insitute, Saharanpur) : Development of energy consumption norms & implementation of energy conservation act in pulp & paper industry. IPPTA Jl 2006, 18(3), 65-70.

In fragmented & complex pulp & paper sector, development of energy consumption norms under Energy Conservation Act 2001, has raised various concerns about fixing up of norms & targets for mills with diversified process and operations and therefore it has delayed implementation of the Act in the sector. After initiating various activities for development of norms during last two & half years, still the activities are ' under progress to finalize methodology for setting up the norms & implement Energy Conservation Act. Major steps taken up in this direction are highlighted in the present article to answer many doubts and concerns.

2 tables, ref

020987   Johari R K;Goel R;Ashok Kumar (NO, Balarpur Industries Ltd., Unit: Ballarpur, P.O. Ballarpur Paper Mills Dist. Chandrapur-442 901) : Energy conservation by optimising operations and implementation energy saving ideas. IPPTA Jl 2006, 18(3), 71-5.

Energy is most vital resource for human life in this modern world. Energy is obtained primarily from the natural resources mainly Coal, Crude oil, Natural gas and water etc. From these resources, other energy like electricity, thermal etc. are produced for domestic as well as Industrial use. These natural resources are limited and getting depleted day by day and in the absence of these natural resources, life on the earth is difficult to imagine. Energy efficiency became critical for reducing global warming and climatic change conditions. Climate change is considered to be among the most serious threats to the sustainability of the world's environment, human health and the global economy. Reducing green house gas emissions, which can be achieved by reducing fuel consumptions, can minimize impact of climatic change. As per recent findings; energy requirement in our country has grown substantially with peak shortage of 11% to 19% and average of 7% to 12%. Energy cost in mills is about 17% of the total manufacturing cost of paper. There is a further scope in this area for improvement and Indian paper industry has to put in lot of efforts to improve energy consumption norms in comparison with the developed countries. Having known this, increased efficiency is the only way to meet the shortfall. In-fact, this calls for removing in-efficiency and bottlenecks by each one of us in optimizing energy utilization and up-gradation of technology wherever economically viable. Even small ideas contribute a lot.

3 illus, ref

020986   Jain S;Sureshkumar;Reddy K P;Gupta A;Tara M (Abhishek Industries Limited, V.P.O. Dhaula, Barnala-148 107) : Energy conservation in ABIL-PCD. IPPTA Jl 2006, 18(3), 133-37.

The Indian Pulp & Pulp Industry is the sixth largest energy consumer in the Indian industrial sector and its energy costs account for about 30% of the total manufacturing cost. In every mill there exists the possibility to reduce energy costs usage. Performing a mill wide study will uncover many, many . opportunities. Studies are not difficult and can be accomplished in a fairly short period of time, but do require a dedicated team and the application of operations expertise and engineering knowledge. Today powerful computer tools are available to simplify the tasks. Opportunities should be prioritized based on capital/non-capital, short-/long-term requirements investment return, and overall mill impact. The results of the study, when implemented, can save lot of money.

7 illus, 4 ref

020985   Harjinder Singh Cheema (NO, Managing Director Cheema Boilers Ltd., SCO 66, Phase 3-B2, Mohali-160 059) : Co-generation in small and medium paper mills. IPPTA Jl 2006, 18(3), 139-40.

Power generation is envisaged in the modern paper mills to achieve better fuel and product economy. With in-house power generation, the paper mills can have un-interrupted quality power and achieve continuous operation of the paper machine which ultimately results in high output of the machine.

2 illus, ref

020984   Goyal S L;Chandarana D P;Sharma R K (NO, Century Pulp and Paper, Ghanshyamdham P.O. Lalkua, Dist. Nainital-262 402) : Energy conservation- a case study of century pulp & paper. IPPTA Jl 2006, 18(3), 81-6.

Energy is met by consumption of fossil fuels which are non-renewable. Nature took millions of years in preparing them but humanity has almost exhausted it in last 200 years. There is an ever-growing demand for energy resulting in faster depletion of resources. The conversion of fuel not only exhausts the resources but also results into emission of GHG which have an extremely adverse effect thereby throwing new challenges for the survival of mankind. This situation has resulted into adopting the concept of 'Energy Conservation' and 'Energy Efficiency' by implementing Cleaner technologies and minimizing wastage of Energy, Various laws are being enacted to promote Energy conservation and to adopt cleaner conversion of fuel to Energy. It is imperative that the individuals understand the gravity of situation and adopt these measures voluntarily. For efficient use of Energy efficient equipment is needed but replacement of all equipment is not practical. However, there are methods for improving efficiency by utilizing the design spare capacity. In order to reduce wastages of Energy and conserving environment Government of India has enacted EC Act 2001. This Act identifies energy intensive consumers as designated consumers and lays emphasis on reducing Energy requirement in a manufacturing process by adopting technical solutions continuously. The methodology includes appointing an Energy Manager, conduct audits by accredited auditors and setting up Norms. Another (dimension added to this is to maintain cost competitiveness of the industries due to globalization. In a baper plant 15-20 % cost is contributed by Energy and several opportunities exist in various sections of the Plant to reduce costs) The effort of this paper is to share our experience.

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020983   Buvanashekaran G;Vasan P;Manoharan S; Rajamanickam N (WRI-BHEL, , Tiruchirappalli) : Laser beam technology for joining of coated steels. WRI Jl 2006, 27(1), 12-19.

Current research work at WRI, the effect of laser welding parameters like beam power, welding speed, focal length and gas flow on bead profile such as depth of penetration and bead width is investigated for 1.2mm thick zinc coated interstitial free steel sheets. The study is conducted using a 2 kwatt solid solid state Nd:YAG laser source interfaced with a CNC work station. Welding trials are made based on full factorial design of experiments, varying the four laser input parameters in three levels. The responses / output parameters are analysed as a function of laser input parameters. The results show that the laser beam power is having the maximum effect on depth of penetration, followed by bead width. However, welding speed have a significant effect on bead width and depth of penetration. Gas flow rate and focal length do have some effect on these output parameters. A linear regression equation for expressing the effect of beam power, welding speed, focal length and gas flow rate for bead width and depth of penetration have been arrived at. The prediction falls in the 95% and above confidence level based on the standard design of experiment data tables.

11 illus, 5 tables, 8 ref

020982   Asokkumar K;Rajasekaran N;Sangameswaran R; Poornaya P (WRI-BHEL, , Tiruchirappalli) : Weldability of coated steel sheets using resistance spot welding. WRI Jl 2006, 27(1), 20-26.

Weldability of galvannealed-one side chromated steel by comparing lobe curves of cold rolled low-carbon steel, zinc coated and galvannealed-chromated steel. The macro and micro examination and hardness survey were made. The weldability lobe curves of these steels show that galvannealed-chromated steel got wide current range and low welding current is needed compared with uncoated and zinc coated steel sheets.

17 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

020981   Ashok Kumar (NO, Indo German Energy Programme, Hall No. 4, 2nd Floor, NBCC Tower, 15, Bhikaji Cama Place, New Delhi-110 066) : Role of information technology in implementation of energy conservation act. IPPTA Jl 2006, 18(3), 61-4.

Bureau of, Energy Efficiency (BEE), a Statutory Body under Ministry of Power, Govt. of India, in coordination with Indo-GermanEnergy Programme (IGEN), sponsored by German Technical Cooperation (GTZ), is institutionalizing energy efficiency services; promote energy efficiency delivery mechanisms; and improvement of energy efficiency in all sectors of the economy in India. The Energy Conservation Act, 2001 to be implemented by BEE envisages creation of cadre of professionally qualified energy managers (EM) and energy auditors (EA) with expertise in energy management. It is very important to create a platform for communication with all the stake holders including energy managers and energy auditors, providing two way communications with industry members. It was therefore decided to develop a web site www.energymanagertraining.com website, aimed at providing mandatory information related to energy management. Information related to importance of energy audits and roles & responsibilities of energy manager / energy auditor. Provide software support to different sectors related with energy management. It was decided to develop a website with major features: The website, to be user friendly, allowing the user to extract the information to any level. Allow search, industry wise, topic wise, author wise etc. Provide technical informative data for the benefit of users Keep all-important information about registered users. Information of industry specialist, technical paper writer, energy managers, energy auditors, energy audit firms, Equipment manufacturers, Energy management related software providers. Provide links to the relevant energy management web site information. Industry users groups to be formed to address industry specific problems. Keep database of accredited energy manager, energy auditors on successful passing of the national level examination. Maintain and upkeep the website on regular basis, system integration, database populations, modification of software and ensure the functionality, quality of the website. Improve the website in terms of content and quality based on regular users feedback. Interact with all stakeholders and help them in providing useful information related to promotion of energy efficiency, technical paper, training material, equipment manufacturer information, energy auditor information, announcement and news, and also, promotion of the website.

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020980   Ahmad S;Jain R;Mediratta R;Prasad K D;Arora S S (NO, Ballarpur Industries Ltd., Unit Shree Gopal Yamunanagar, Haryana-135 001) : Enzymatic treatment on chemical pulp in beating/refining process- an attempt towards energy conservation. IPPTA Jl 2006, 18(3), 127-32.

In India pulp and paper industry is the sixth largest energy consumer in the industrial sector and it's energy costs account for about 25% of the total manufacturing cost. For the development of required pulp properties, beating and refining require substantial energy, about 18% of the total electrical energy. A beating/refining study was carried out in laboratory using different enzyme cellulase/hemicellulase (carbohydrase enzyme) on unbleached and bleached mixed (hardwood + bamboo) chemical pulp. The results of lab study shows; there is increase in freeness value up to 5 °SR at the fixed time of beating with the pre-treatment of enzyme on pulp at the dose of 200gm/MT of OD pulp. There is reduction in beating time at the same level of freeness °SR to an extent of 20%. To validate lab study & considerations of enhancing both.economic and ecological efficiency, a full-scale mill trail was conducted on the fourdrinier paper machine of 350 m/min speed manufacturing writing/printing paper. There was reduction in the energy used in refining of pulp by 15-20% with the dose of enzyme @ 30g/MT of OD pulp while maintaining the same freeness (28 °SR) level & strength properties of paper.

6 illus, 6 tables, 13 ref

018912   Mishra A;Das S K (Directorate of Geology, , Orissa) : "The navaratnas"- a gemmological approach. SGAT Bull 2006, 7(2), 10-19.

Gems are pure and tangible concentrates of value, which never lose their appeal, whether as ornamental objects, a collector's items or simply an investment. At one time, they were believed to be of celestial origin endowed with mysterious and miraculous powers and brought luck to those born under the sign of zodiac with which they were associated. Vestiges of such belief still persist in the new millennium. Gemstones play a very important role in the fields of parasciences such as Astrology, Palmistry, Astro-palmistry, Gem therapy, Cosmic ray therapy, Medical astrology, Astro medical gemmology, Vastu and Fengsui. Astrologers Numerologists and, Palmists usually recommend gemstones to their clients, most of whom are novice to the subject and depend mainly on hearsay. Hence there is a need for the gemmological approach to the Navaratna and their identification for the benefit of the common man. In Hindu astrology the Nine Gems or Navaratna governing the corresponding major planets are Diamond for Venus, Ruby for Sun, Red coral for Mars, Pearl for Moon, Yellow sapphire for Jupiter, Blue sapphire for Saturn, Emerald for Mercury, Hessonite for Rahu, and Cat's eye for Ketu. All these stones belong to the Mineral Kingdom of both organic and inorganic origin. (With advancement of science and technology the global gem market is flooded with various types of simulants, which may be natural, or man made having a superficial resemblance to the gemstone it imitates. These simulants, which may or may not have the same physical, chemical and optical properties as their natural counter parts are used to simulate the more costly gemstones in the gem market.

8 illus, 1 table, 5 ref

018911   Kaith B S;Singha A S;Sunil Kumar (Applied Sciences Dep, National Institute of Technology (A Deemed University), Hamirpur-177 005) : Modification of mulberry silk through graft co-polymerisation with methylmetha crylate and evaluation of swelling behaviour, moisture absorbance, wettability, chemical resistance and dyeing, characteristics. Int J chem Sci 2006, 4(1), 45-54.

Mulberry silk fibre has been modified through grafting of methylmethacrylate (MMA) in presence of ceric ammonium nitrate as redox initiator. Under optimum reaction conditions, maximum graft yield obtained was 75.43% and the graft co-polymer was subjected for swelling, moisture absorbance, wettability, chemical resistance and dyeing studies. Characterisation of the synthesized fibres was done through usual chemical and physical techniques.

4 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref

016826   Teli M D;Kale R D (Fibres and Textile Processing Technol Dep, Univ of Mumbai, Inst of Chem Technol, Mumbai, M.S.) : Standardization of IR-dyeing M/C vs HT/HP dyeing M/C (part IV). J Text Ass 2006, 67(2), 85-94.

Standardization of IR heated dyeing machine against HTHP dyeing machine has been tried for compound or tertiary shades. Four compound shades viz., Brown, Gray, Olive Green and Maroon were dyed in three different depths 05%, 1.5% and 3% using three medium energy disperse dyes on Polyester. K/S v/s Time - Temperature relationships for HTHP and IR machines almost overlapped each other. Progressive decrease in K/S value was observed with increase in Time and Temperature when the dyeing was carried out from exhausted bath. Near mirror image behaviour of the curves obtained for fresh and exhausted baths for both the machines. The shade built up was also identical on both the machines. Fastness properties of the samples were equivalent for dyeings carried out on both the machines.

18 illus, 5 tables, 3 ref

016825   Sekar N (Dyes Div, UICT, Matunga, Mumbai-400 019, Email: nnsekar@udct.org) : Azo pigments containing phthalimide units. Paintindia 2005, 55(10), 85-8.

3 illus, 21 ref

016824   Ranganathan R (Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Inst of Textile management, , Coimbatore, T.N.) : Textile research assessment model for targeted sustained innovation. J Text Ass 2006, 67(2), 71-7.

The market for India's R&D outsourcing is expected to grow from the present $1.3 billion to $8 billion in 2008. At present for textiles, the R&D expenditure as a percentage of net sales is 1.36%. Successful textile companies of the 21st century will be those that manage knowledge to their advantage. The company that can source and apply knowledge to solve problems and develop technological differentation in an environmentally sustainable manner will put the stress on its competitors. These textile companies will be the innovators who will prosper and expand. The very few knowledge-driven textile companies of the present are facing financial and competitive pressures that make it increasingly difficult to allocate the kinds of financial resources to research as they have done in the past. For this reason, corporate scientists, research managers and business managers must understand both the financial and knowledge returns associated with the research they conduct so that they can best direct and allocate resources to research that provides both financial returns and establishes the knowledge basis for future discovery and innovation. Presented a model for assessing research opportunities both from the standpoint of responding to market needs and pushing forward new knowledge development. Argued that both business and research managers in corporations can use this analytical discipline to better join the needs of business and the research divisions that support them.

1 illus, 18 ref

016823   Prasad P (Banasthali Vidyapith, , Rajasthan-304 022) : Physico-chemical properties of a non-conventional fibre : Aak (Calotropis procera). J Text Ass 2006, 67(2), 63-6.

Aak fibre is a natural cellulosic bast fibre obtained from the stem of Calotropis procera plant. Milk and flower of Aak plant are used as medicine for treatment of various diseases. Physio-chemical study of the fibre revealed that it is quite comparable with other bast fibres viz. Bhindi and Bhang in terms of length and finess. The tenacity of Aak fibre is moderate and higher than the wool.

7 table, 11 ref

016822   Pandya C M (Mafatlal Industries Ltd, , Nadiad Unit, Nadiad-387 001) : Impact on quality of spliced yarn by using different types of splicing chamber's lid. J Text Ass 2006, 67(2), 81-2.

Splicing reduces the strength of the yarn which leads to loss of productivity in weaving. The impact of lid size on the quality of the slice have been studied.

3 illus, 4 ref

016821   Kavitha T;Padmashwini R;Giride V R; Neelakandan R;Senthil Kumar M (Textile Technol Dep, A.C. Coll of Technol, Anna Univ, Chennai-600 025) : Low stress mechanical properties of chitosan treated wool fabrics. J Text Ass 2006, 67(2), 67-70.

Application of chitosan on wool has proved to impart antimicrobial characteristics to the fabrics in addition to improvement in dye uptake and shrinkage characteristics. To determine the usefulness of the fabric for apparel applications, the effects of chitosan treatments at three different chitosan concentrations on the low stress mechanical characteristics of wool fabrics have been investigated. The KES-F system was used for this purpose and the properties analyzed were Tensile, Bending. Compression, Shear, Surface friction and Roughness. The chitosan treated wool fabrics exhibited higher bending, shear rigidity and compression values compared to the untreated ones. The tensile extensibility and friction decreased with increasing chitosan concentration. The effects of the treatments at various concentrations of chitosan have been discussed.

7 tables, 13 ref

016820   Kashikar C S;Goel R;Ashok Kumar (Ballarpur Industries Limited, , Unit Ballarpur P.O Ballarpur Paper Mills, Distt. Chandrapur, Maharashtra) : Desilication of bamboo kraft green liquor and installation of lime kiln. IPPTA Jl 2006, 18(4), 79-85.

The study reveals that with green liquor desilication, about 60 - 65 of the lime mud generated can be burnt in the kiln and thus reduce the solid waste to the extent of about 35 - 40% of the present level. Bilt Ballarpur has already started work for installing two stage causticising plant with rotary limekiln which will be completed by March 2007.

2 illus, 7 tables, 3 ref

016819   Gnanasekaran A;Paruthimal Kalaignan G;Venkoba Rao G (Industrial Chem Dep, Alagappa Univ, Karaikudi, Tamilnadu) : Effective decolourisation of pulp & paper industries effluen by using chemical treatment with ferric alum, ferric chloride & anionic polymer. IPPTA Jl 2006, 18(4), 71-6.

The dosage of Ferric Alum for the coagulation and sedimentation of suspended solids and color present in effluent varies from 100 to 1000 ppm depends on the color and suspended solids of the mill untreated effluent. Self-generation of the sludge due to the low purity Alum is high. Coagulation and sedimentation studies revealed that Ferric chloride an alternate coagulant economically available as a by-product and suitable in place of Alum. Ferric Alum consumption was 3 - 4 times higher than the consumption of Ferric Chloride. Anionic polymer (0.5 ppm) can be used for better performance of coagulation and sedimentation of suspended solids and color reduction along with the dosage of Ferric alum. By using the anionic polymer along with Ferric alum can reduce not only the consumption of Ferric alum by 50% but also significant reduction in color and Total suspended solids.

9 tables, 9 ref

016818   Ghosh S K;Nayak L K (NO, National Institute of Research on Jute & Allied Fibre Technology (ICAR, 12, Regent Park, Kolkata, West Bengal) : Date palm leaf particle boards-a wood substitute for various applications. Asian J envir Sci 2006, 1(1), 9-12.

Particle - boards have been successfully developed from date-palm leaves, the agro-waste, in the laboratory scale as well as successful pilot plant trial had been conducted in a reputed Board making factory of West Bengal. The Physico- mechanical properties of date-palm leaf Particle-board have been measured and showed very encouraging result. A successful application of date - palm leaf (DPL) had been translated for fitting false ceiling of Room No -1 of NIRJAFT Trainees' hostel in the month of May. The cost of the DPL particle board is about 20% of the cost of the plywood/wood material.

9 tables, 6 ref

016817   Dutt D;Tyagi C H;Upadhyay J S;Upadhyay A K (Dep of Paper Technology, Indian Inst of Technol Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur-247 001) : Studies on development of kraft paper from wheat straw sugarcane bagasse, Gunny bags and imported ONP, OCC and NDLKCC waste paper. IPPTA Jl 2006, 18(4), 151-5.

Kraft paper is a highly specialized paper of high mechanical strength and exclusively used for the manufacture of packaging and per. The strength properties like, tensile strength i.e. both wet and dry, tearing strength and bursting strength are the most important. This paper requires long fiber furnish to impart .high mechanical strength. In Asian continent, where softwood fibers are in short supply; the long fibers were obtained from gunny bags, imported ONP (Old News Paper}, OCC (Old Corrugated Containers) and NDLKCC (New..Double Lined Kraft Corrugated Cuttings) are the' cheapest source of long fibers. The blending of waste papers pulp with agro-based residues in an appropriate blending ratio may add to the mechanical strength of the kraft paper of desired specification. The present study aims at developing of kraft papers of grade-I and gra-II from agro-based residues and waste papers and has been compared with the values of BIS.

10 tables, 5 ref

015779   Pant S;Sharma S (Dept of Clothing & Textile College of Home Science, Banasthali Vidyapeeth, Rajasthan-304 022) : Commercialization of nanotechnology. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(10), 369-71.

1 illus, 7 ref

015778   Mahale G;Goudar I;Vanishree S (Clothing and Apparel Designing Dep, Rural Home Science College, UAS, Dharwad-580 005) : Red sander dye for wool. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(10), 378-81.

5 tables, 3 ref

015777   Gopalkrishnan D (Textile Technology Dep, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore-641 004) : Antimicrobial finishes. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(10), 372-7.

Microorganism growth is another factor that has resulted in development of antimicrobial finish. Microbial infestation poses danger to both living and non-living matters. Microorganisms cause problems with textile raw materials and processing chemicals, wet processes in the mills, roll or bulk goods in storage, finished goods in storage and transport, and goods as the consumer uses them. Obnoxious smell form the inner garments such as socks, spread of diseases, staining and degradation of textiles are some of the detrimental effects of bad microbes. The consumers are now increasingly aware of the hygienic life style and there is a necessity and expectation for a wide range of textile products finished with antimicrobial properties. Covers the full range of positive effects that antimicrobials bring to textile industry and provides. the types and properties of antimicrobials.

7 illus, 5 ref

015776   Ghosh S K;Samanta A K (NO, Institute of Jute Technology, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700 019) : Investigation of productivity in few jute mills of India and Bangladesh and suggested measures for productivity improvement in weaving section. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(10), 382-402.

Deals with international and national scenario of production and market share of jute goods of Indian and Bangladesh Jute Industries with particular reference to weaving production in few mills of India and Bangladesh. An average snap study report has been presented here for identifying the percentage loss of conventional hessian and sacking loom efficiency for different causes, which indicates the major technical reasons for low efficiency in loom shed. From this snap study as well as from survey in different jute mills in India, all responsible factors for loss of productivity in loom shed have been identified and reported. Each of these factors is discussed separately with specific suggestions for necessary strategy, care and actions to be taken for improving the productivity in conventional hessian and sacking looms. Experience and feedback from Industry on these issues were discussed and need of appropriate technical measures, sustainable HRD activity and standardization of labour productivity norms are felt to be essential. Most of the jute mills of India and Bangladesh still run conventional over pick hessian and sacking jute looms. A few mills are using shuttle less automatic looms aiming at higher productivity, but they are getting less than expected level of productivitv in most of the cases. The factors for lower productivitv in shuttle less looms are also highlighted.

9 tables, 17 ref

014628   Vijayaragavan N N;Ariharasudhan S (NO, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore) : Polymeric nanofibre web in filtration. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(9), 334-8.

Electro spun nanofibres, with fiber diameters of 0.25 microns have been used in industrial, consumer and Defense filtration applications for more than twenty years. Electro spun nanofibres have fibre diameters that are 5-10 times smaller than the smallest melt blwon fibres available. Nanofibers provide dramatic incrases in filtration efficiency at relatively small (and in some cases immeasurable) decrases in permeability. In many laboratory tests and actual operating environments, nanofibre filter media also demonstrate improved filter life and more contaminant holding capacity. Nanofibre filter media have enabled new levels of filtration performance in several diverse applications with a broad range of environments and contaminant. The performance of nanofibre media in a mining vehicle cabin air filter has been discussed.

10 illus, 4 tables, 13 ref

014627   Mandal S (NO, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic Univ, Hung Hum, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China) : New textile world : influence of nanotechnology. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(9), 328-33.

An attempt has been made to review the application of nanotechnology in the textile fields. Different types of nano fibers, fillers and their applications in textiles are summarized. This is followed by an account of nano textile composite and nano filtrations are discussed. Applications of nanotechnology is dyeing of polypropylene fibers in order to increase the dye uptake are briefly discussed. Some recent developments of nano finishing in textiles are stated. Finally, the nano intelligent clothing and other applications of nanotechnology in textile fields are introduced.

^iia47 ref

014626   Mahale G;Sunanda R K;Sakshi (Textiles and Clothing Dep, College of Rural Home Sci, Univ of Agric Sci, Dharwad-580 005) : Ecodyeing of animal fibre - wool with marigold. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(9), 355-9.

6 tables, 3 ref

014625   Kariyappa;Somasekar T H;Ramaswamy G N;Roy S; Shasidar C;Pattanashetty R B (NO, Central Silk Technological Res Institute, CSB, Bangalore-560 068) : Processing of Eri cocoon in mill spinning to produce quality spun silk yarn and its characterisation. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(9), 339-43.

Eri cocoons have been degummed successfully processed in worsted system of spinning. Degumming loss, yarn realization and economics have been measured. Eri fibre, Eri spun silk yarn, and dyed yarn character have been measured. Eri fibre, Eri spun silk yarn, and dyed yarn character have been tested according to international standard testing method. Results have been compared among White, Brick red Eri and mulberry silk as per the requirement of indsutry.

5 illus, 15 tables

014624   Jain R;Mohanta R;Deshpande R;Dawer P;Sinha A (Textile Technology Dep, Shri Vaishnav Institute of Technology and Science, Gram-Baroli, Sanwer Road, Indore-453 331) : Wearable smart jacket for temperature monitoring of wearer. Man Made Text India 2006, 49(9), 350-4.

Textile oriented systems with different functions and applications have recently become the subject of great interest mainly because of their versatility and comfort. Garments incorporating functional devices already feataured in protection, safety and for added fashion or convenience. Electronic textile is one such interdisciplinary field whihc is a combination of electronic and textile for getting the properties of both electrical and textile components. Such garments or fabric have interconnection and electronics stitched or woven in to them. The development in textile technology now enable the weaving of conductive wires into the fabric and allows the introduction of electronic components such as sensors, actuators and computational devices on the fabric creating electronic textile. For developing a smart garment which when worn shows the body temperature fo the wearer. Development of this wearable medical monitoring jacket is an attempt to introduce smart textiles in commercial field. The work can be further extended to development of smart garment for infants as they cannot speak up and share their problems with elders. It can be used to monitor the other vital signs of infants including temperature. Thus, project has aspect of social welfare also. In this developmental work, a jacket is prepared and flexible conductive textile pad is attached to it and then minature circuit for displaying the data is prepared and is also attached to the same. The testing of collected data and calibration of sensor was also done by mounting it on different parts of the body and comparing the data with standard thermometer. Data thus collected helped in treatment and recovery of the ailing persons. The jacket can create revolution in the medical field as it offers advantage of light, miniature temperature measuring sensor which is easily available at the low cost.

7 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

012444   Yadav A;Prasad V;Kathe A A;Raj S;Yadav D; Sundaramoorthy C;Vigneshwaran N (Nanotechnology Research Group, Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai-400 019, Email: nvw75@yahoo.com) : Functional finishing in cotton fabrics using zinc oxide nanoparticles. Bull Mater Sci 2006, 29(6), 641-5.

Nanotechnology, according to the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI), is defined as utilization of structure with at least one dimension of nanometer size for the construction of materials, devices or systems with novel or significantly improved properties due to their nano-size. The nanostructures are capable of enhancing the physical properties of conventional textiles, in areas such as anti-microbial properties, water repellence, soil-resistance, anti-static, anti-infrared and flame-retardant properties, dyeability, colour fastness and strength of textile materials. In the work, zinc oxide nanoparticles were prepared by wet chemical method using zinc nitrate and sodium hydroxide as precursors and soluble starch as stabilizing agent. These nanoparticles, which have an average size of 40 nm, were coated on the bleached cotton fabrics (plain weave, 30 s count) using acrylic binder and functional properties of coated fabrics were studied. On an average of 75%, UV blocking was recorded for the cotton fabrics treated with 2% ZnO nanoparticies. Air permeability of the nano-ZnO coated fabrics was significantly higher than the control, hence the increased breathability. In case of nano-ZnO coated fabric, due to its nano-size and uniform distribution, friction was significantly lower than the bulk-ZnO coated fabric as studied by Instronr Automated Materials Testing System. Further studies are under way to evaluate wash fastness, antimicrobial properties, abrasion properties and fabric handle properties.

4 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref

013514   Zahran M K (Faculty of Science. Dep of Chemistry, Helwan Univ, Ain-Helwan, Cairo, Egypt) : One-step process for desizing, scouring and bleaching of cotton fabric using a novel eco-friendly bleaching agent. J Text Ass 2006, 67(4), 153-9.

Closed-loop process for cotton fabric preparation (desizing, scouring, bleaching) that is environmentally sare was devised. The process involves a novel bleaching agent,sodium perborate, (SPB) which was used a lone without any additives in the bleaching bath. The process was carried out under dirfferent conditions including pH value, SPB concentration, temperature and duration of treatment. The effectiveness of SPB as an eco-friendly bleaching agent was assessed by monitoring the treated sample for whiteness index, percent loss in fabric weight, tensile strength and carboxyl content. The process has been shown to be both ecological, economical and energy conserving. Tentative mechanisms, signifying ovarious events that probably occur throughout the whole course of the fabric treatment are reported.

3 tables, 39 ref

013513   Thangamani K;Sasireka T (NO, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu) : Low-stress mechanical properties of viscose/spandex plated fabrics. J Text Ass 2006, 67(3), 103-6.

Spandex is being blended along with cotton and viscose in plated form. Low stress mechanical properties are studied for half plated and full plated viscose plated fabrics.

1 illus, 4 tables

013512   Teli M D;Shanbag V;Dhande S S;Singhal R S (Fibres and Textile Processing Technology Dep, University Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, M.S) : Storage stability of Amaranthus paniculates (Rajgeera) starch thickener in textile printing. J Text Ass 2006, 67(3), 119-23.

As most of the thickeners are natural polymers, they are susceptible to microbial attack. Therefore one of the important properties of the thicknenner pastes used in textile printing is its storage stability or shelf life. Storage stability of Maize and Amaranth (Rajgeera) starch thickeners based on measuring the viscosity of the paste has been studied at arious intervals of time. The storage stability studies were carried out using Sodium Silico Flouride (SSF) as a preservative on the basis of dry weight of the thickener powder.

4 tables, 7 ref

013511   Teli M D;Roy D;Karthikeyan N (NO, Fibres and Textile Processing Technology Dep, Mumbai) : Non-conventional fibres/epoxy resin composites as sound absorber. J Text Ass 2006, 67(4), 159-64.

Use of textile for noise reduction is based on two major advantages of these materials, i.e. low production costs and lower specific gravity. The fibre reinforced epoxy resin composite, have been tested for their effectiveness in soundf..reduction. Various fibres such as jute, ramie, banana and sisal are used as fillers-and parameters such as fibre length and extent of loading are varied. The composites prepared were analysed for sound absorption by modified reflection technique. The incident angle of the sound wave on the composite surface was varied from 30ø to 60øand the sound wave reflected from the same was .used for further analysis. Various parameters with respect to the effectiveness of sound absorption of these composites were studied in relation to the frequency of sound generated, incident angle of the sound wave and the physical features of samples such as air permeability, thickness and density.

12 illus, 11 ref

013510   Sharma D L (NO, Vardhman Textiles Limited, ) : Global competitiveness of textiles industry. J Text Ass 2006, 67(4), 175-9.

8 illus,

013509   Shanmuganandam D;Ravichandran N (The South India Textile Research Association, , Coimbatore-641 014) : Achievable production in doubler winding machines. J Text Ass 2006, 67(3), 127-32.

Spinning mills use doubler winders for producing parallel wound cheeses meant for TFO/ring twisting. Adequate information regarding method of estimation for machine efficiency for doubler winding machines are not avaliable. Hence, based on a detailed study conducted in mills, the formulae developed earlier by SITRA for estimating machine efficiency for conventional cone winder have been suitably modified for doubler winding machine.

3 tables, 2 ref

013508   Sandhya S;Swaminathan K (NO, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, CSIR-Complex, Taramani, Chennai 600113) : Decolorization kinetics of reactive textile azo dye remazol blue in anaerobic fixed bed reactor. J Indian Ass Envir Mgmt 2006, 33(1), 13-6.

Reductive decolonization of reactive dye Remazol Blue (RB) under anaerobic condition was performed using a mixed microbial culture. Anaerobic treatability of the azo dyes RB in a bench scale up flow anaerobic fixed bed reactor was studied. At steady state anaerobic conditions color was effectively removed. The reactor was operated continuously at different dye loading rates of (0.26 - 0.41 g /I/day) and COD loading rates of 4.3-5.6 g/I/day in order to determine dyestuff and COD removal kinetics constants. The decolonization efficiency was around 90-96.7 % for the 0.30 g/I/day dye loading rate. COD removal efficiency was 71.54-91.78 % of applied load.

5 illus, 2 tables, 26 ref

013507   Nimkar U M (Chartered Colourist, CEO, Texanlab) : Quality challenges for the garment export industry. J Text Ass 2006, 67(4), 169-74.

The Global Textile Industry is already a substantial one. India is in the race to be one of the worlds top clothing and textile supplier. Blessed with a vertical industry and a fine tradition India can hope to be a major player in the world stakes for textiles, garments and made ups. Authors being seen as the 2nd most viable alternative to China and some even believe that authors are a stable one. The road to being one of the world's leading suppliers has been and will be fraught with obstacles. Technical and Commercial obstacles remain. Competitiveness is crucial but can be eroded very quickly. However, each obstacle Is a challenge waiting to be overcome. This article attempts to trace the history of the garment trade, some of the challenging obstacles that were faced and some which are now showing their teeth.

2 tables,

013506   Lakra D (NO, , ) : Growth in knitting industry. J Text Ass 2006, 67(4), 165-7.

1 table

013505   Kothari V K (Dep of Textile Technology, IIT, New Delhi) : Technical textiles-global scenario and opportunites for Indian entrepreneurs. J Text Ass 2006, 67(4), 181-6.

Consumption of technical textiles amounted to over 16.7 mn tons world wide and continues to grow at a rate of 4-5% per annum. This industry in characterized by the range and diversity of the raw materials, processors, products and application. Advances in polymers, fibres yarns chemical technology and fabric web forming technologies have also contributed in spearheading the development of technical textiles.

5 tables

013504   Deshwal R;Desh Deepak;Khambara K (Cloth and Textile Dep, CCS Hariyana Agriculture Univ, Hisar-125 004) : Effects of certain detergents on strength of cotton fabric. Ann agric biol Res 2006, 11(2), 193-4.

Two soaps and two detergents were selected out of four soaps and nine detergents according to the maximum usage by the LOO rural housewives of four villages, namely, Matana, Aryanagar, Bhaeria and Kaimri of Hisar district of Haryana state. Red cotton fabric dyed in direct dye was laundered for 30 and 50 times with selected soaps and detergents maintaining the standard conditions. Tests for fabric count, thickness, tensile strength and elongation were carried out before and after progressive launderings. Fabric count (S1=4950, S2= 4806, Dl=5098, D2= 4950) and thickness (S1=0.339 mm, S2=0.341 mm, D1=0.330 mm and D2= 0.330 mm) of the samples laundered for 30 times was found to be maximum, which got reduced significantly after 50 launderings followed by control samples. Tensile strength was maximum in control samples (warp=31.90 kg, weft=20.0 kg) and was minimum in samples laundered for 50 times with selected soaps and detergents both in warp and weft directions. Whereas elongation was maximum in samples laundered for 50 times (Sl=warp : 14.20%, weft : 19.10%; S2=warp : 14.10%, weft: 20-68%; Dl=warp : 12.06%, weft: 20.74% and D2= warp : 12.60%, weft : 19.98%) with selected soaps and detergents as compared to control sampled.

1 table, 3 ref

013503   Choudhary A K;Mahajan R;Anupam Kumar (Textile Technology, Dr. B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Bathinda, Punjab) : Dyeing of wool fibre in correlation with yarn quality and performance. J Text Ass 2006, 67(3), 107-10.

When wool fribre is dyed in different shades, the strength of the single fibre deteriorates. The decrease in strength is not due to shade variation but due to varying dyeing conditions applied to achieve the required shade. The comber noil follows the single fibre strength i.e. the comber noil % increase for weaker single fibre in strength. The single yarn strength does not follow the single fibre strength but the mean length improved after combing.

5 illus, 3 tables, 10 ref

013502   Agrawal Y;Malik T;Mohanta R;Kapoor R (Textile Technology Dep, Shri Vaishnav Institute of Technology and Science, Indore, M.P) : Spunbond and spunlace : two advance technologies for nonwoven. J Text Ass 2006, 67(3), 111-15.

Spunbond technology of nonwovens and new bonding methods such as the spunlace teachnology has been deal with. Also combination of Spunbond and Spunlace technologies are in state of development. These technologies for nonnoven have applications in various fields such as in hospital use, home furnishing, coating and technical applications, etc.

5 illus, 9 ref

011338   Teli M D;Kale R D (Department of Fibres and Textile Processing Technology, University of Mumbai, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, M.S.) : Standardization of IR-dyeing VS HT/HP dyeing M/C (Part iv). J Text Ass 2006, 67(2), 85-94.

Standardization of IR heated dyeing machine against HTHP dyeing machine has been tried for compound or tertiary shades. Four compound shades viz., Brown, Gray, Olive Green and Maroon were dyed in three different depths 05%, 1.5% and 3% using three medium energy disperse dyes on Polyester. K/S v/s Time - Temperature relationships for HTHP and IR machines almost overlapped each other. Progressive decrease in K/S value was, observed with increase in Time and Temperature when the dyeing was carried out from exhausted bath. Near mirror image behaviour of the curves obtained for fresh and exhausted baths for both the machines. The shade built up was also identical on both the machines. Fastness properties of the samples were equivalent for dyeings carried out on both the machines.

18 illus, 5 tables, 3 ref