018513   Pal S (Shri Lakshmi Cotsyn Ltd., UPSIDC Industrial Area, Malwan, Dist. Fatehpur, Uttar Pradesh) : High performance fibers and their application. Man Made Text India 2009, 52(11), 376-88.

High performance fibers are high technological better performing traditional textiles fibers. Wide varieties of high performance fibers are commercially available. The present paper overviews the most common high performance and high temperature resistant fibers used today.

30 illus, 6 tables, 14 ref

018512   Kariyappa;Shivakumar K P;DamodaraRao P M;Roy S (Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Central Silk Board, Sri Rampura Manandavadi Road, Mysore-570 008) : Evaluation of physical & comfort properties of eri & wool spun yarn woven fabrics. Man Made Text India 2009, 52(11), 393-6.

2/60s spun yarn has been successfully spun on worsted system of spinning from Eri and wool fibre. From these yarns plain fabric was woven on power loom using same count in both warp and weft. These fabrics have been tested for mechanical properties, according to international standard testing methods. The results have been compared and analyzed as per the requirement of the industry. The results of the investigation is thoroughly discussed. From the study it is revealed that Eri yarn fabric shows higher fabric mass, thickness, breaking strength, elongation %, tearing strength, flexural rigidity, abrasion resistance, bursting strength, water permeability, air resistance than wool spun yarn fabric and Thermal insulation value is close to wool.

3 tables, 5 ref

018511   Kanakaraj P;Raj Priya M (Fashion Technology Dep, PSG College of Technology, Tamilnadu, Coimbatore-641 004) : Garment knitting needle selection: it's applications. Man Made Text India 2009, 52(10), 351-4.

Studies the improvements in knitting technology thereby leading to seamless garments production in various technical textiles. This benefits market as well as tor technical production.

9 illus, 11 ref

018510   Gnanavel P;Magesh Kumar P;Ananthakrishnan T (Textile Technology Dep, KSR College of Technology, Tiruchengode-637 215) : Effect of sugarcane extract in vat dyeing. Man Made Text India 2009, 52(12), 432-8.

An attempt has been made to use new alternatives for reducing vat dyes. Hydrose as the dominant reducing agent produces large amounts of sodium sulphate, toxic sulphate and thio-sulphate as by-products in vat dyeing. There are various alternative reduction methods like electrochemical, ultrasonic energy, etc were deployed but all the above process lags feasibility only because of its cost and high skills requirement. In this project, it is proposed to replace those hazardous reducing agents with the eco-friendly natural reducing agent derived from sugarcane industry waste. Samples were dyed with vat dyes using natural reducing agents (sugarcane extract) and are analysed for various fastness properties & are also analysed to study the effluent load on various samples.

11 illus, 12 tables, 11 ref

018509   Gangwar A K S;Uttam M (NO, U.P.T.T.I. (Formly Known as G.C.T.I.), Souterganj, Kanpur-208 001) : Application of knitted textiles in agriculture. Man Made Text India 2009, 52(11), 389-92.

The potential of the usage of agro-textiles all over the world is really huge. Additionally, over the past 15 years, there has been an increasing awareness of UV rays and their damaging effects on people and property. Growth is in the more specialized textile applications in agriculture such as netting, crop covers, frost protection, insect protection, capillary matting, and landscaping and related geo textile applications on-farm. Farmers may use textiles for dam liners, on-farm erosion control measures through to tree guards and other landscaping applications. In the wake of foot and mouth disease anxiety, these fabrics are also used for their separation and drainage characteristics. For instance, separating gravel from a soil layer, preventing mixing of the layers and these areas becoming muddy and unhygienic for livestock. The feedlot industry is another area with an increasing use of shade cloth materials to protect cattle from extremes of weather and improve productivity.

9 illus, 15 ref

018508   Gangwar A K S (Textile Technology Dep, U.P.T.T.I. (Formerly Known as GCTI), Kanpur-208 001) : Effect of carding parameters on processibility of cotton fibres. Man Made Text India 2009, 52(9), 317-22.

The influence of carding parameters on processibility of cotton fibre has been studied. The change in settings of licker-in speed, cylinder speed and cylinder-flat settings affects the results of 2.5% span length of fibres, short fibre %, level of neps, card uster (irregularity) and fibre bundle strength etc".

13 illus, 4 tables, 5 ref

018507   El-Zawahry M M (Textile Research Div, National Research Centre, Dokki, P.O. 12622, Cairo, Egypt) : Ecofriendly dyeing of linen fabric with natural dyes using different enzymes complexes. Man Made Text India 2009, 52(10), 337-43.

A single-bath dyeing of linen fabric with natural dyes, Curcuma longa, Logwood and Pomegranate has been developed. In this process, one or more enzymes are complexed with tannic acid and a natural dye. On the basis of the developed enzyme complexes of the natural dyes, a comparison was made between the three dyeing methods, exhaustion, pad dry and pad dry cure methods. The effectiveness of the four enzymes neutral cellulose, protease, β-amylase and lipase, and three mixtures of these enzymes, β-amylase + lipase, neutral cellulose + lipase and neutral cellulose + β-amylase, was determined. A broad variation in shade, hue and colour depth can be achieved by applying enzymes and mixtures of enzymes complexes in the three dyeing methods. Colorimetric data shows dyeing improvement using these enzymatic complexes. It was found that each of the four enzymes and their mixtures were very effective, when used in conjunction with tannic acid in improving the washing fastness of the three natural dyes. The use of enzyme/tannic acid/natural dye complexes replaces metal mordants making natural dyeing process more ecofriendly.

6 illus, 6 tables, 16 ref

018506   Deshmukh G (The Synthetic and Art Silk Mills' Research Association, , Sasmira Marg, Worli, Mumbai-400 030) : Ahimsa peace silk - an innovation in silk manufacturing. Man Made Text India 2009, 52(12), 421-4.

Conventional sericulture process is very tedious and involves the cruelty by killing thousands of silkworms. Nowadays researchers are trying various new approaches for smooth production of the silk. Ahimsa peace silk is one of such development, which has to be cheered. The approach is evolved in India and under which silk is woven without hurting silkworms by making use of empty pierced cocoons. This paper gives a picture of the basic technology involved in Ahimsa Peace Silk process, its impact on various ecological aspects and the scope for its development in India.

4 illus, 8 ref

018505   Bhoomika C;Lalit Bhargava S V;Srinivas Rao R; Hayavadana J (Univ College of Technology, Osmania Univ, Hyderabad-7) : Biofinishing of polyester dress material. Man Made Text India 2009, 52(9), 312-6.

Dyeing of textiles is often considered as the most important and expensive step in the manufacturing of textile fabrics and garments. Methods of dyeing Polyester include replacing chemical substitution of terapthalate with compounds such as phthalate or by some enzymes like lipase which is derived either from animal or plant source. These enzymes are developed from gastric or pancreatic juices of animals. The enzymes have a number of applications like removal of size lubricants, improvement of absorbency and modification of Denims. In the present work an attempt has been made to modify polyester affinity to dye absorption through alkaline and enzyme treatments. Following standardizations of process conditions, the products were characterized for various physical properties.

5 illus, 10 ref

018504   Bhattacharya S S;Shaikh T N;Malek U A (Textile Engg. Dep, M. S. Univ of Baroda, Kalabhavan, Vadodara-390 001) : Effect of texturising speed on the properties of air-jet textured type bulk yarn, produced by unconventional method. Man Made Text India 2009, 52(9), 301-6.

Favorable air jet textured type bulk yarn unconventionally has been produced on a prototype, a purpose-built single-head texturising machine without use of compressed air. From the results of the pilot trials it has been confirmed that the product so obtained possesses favorable quality characteristics of air jet textured yarn. To identify dynamics of the process, effect of various process, machine and material parameters on the performance of the unconventional textured yarn need to be worth investigated. This paper represents the results of the experimentation conducted on two different parent yarns on the laboratory model by keeping various process variables constant except texturising speed. This avoids complexity of data and facilitates in identifying the trend in more pronounce way. Proportionate rise in % Bulk and Linear density for the selected range of over feed confirms the process dynamics, however both the parameters are more influenced by % overfeed rather than texturising speed. With the increase in texturising speed, better loop formation and loop frequency, maximum declination of tensile properties as well as increase in instability value of textured yarn have been recorded in the plateau region, supports the phenomenon that better texturising takes place during the plateau region. However span and amplitude of the plateau region is mainly influenced by the basic characteristics of the parent yarn. For the laboratory module of the unconventional texturising method the economy of the product or process has not been discussed here.

9 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref

018503   Arora R;Sakshi (Clothing and Textiles Dep, College of Home Science, G. B. Pant Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand) : Silk based union fabrics and their physical properties. Man Made Text India 2009, 52(10), 344-6.

Showes the development of the union fabrics of mulberry silk using wool cotton, polyester & blend (P/V) in weft & to check the physical properties of mulberry silk based union fabrics.

8 tables, 2 ref

018502   Adeel S;Ali S;Bhatti I A;Zsila F (Chemistry Dep, Agriculture Univ, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan, Email: agruchemist@hotmail.com) : Dyeing of coton fabric using pomegranate (Punica granatum) aqueous extract. Asian J Chem 2009, 21(5), 3493-9.

The decline in the use of artificial colourants due to their toxicity in food and textile industry, put forward by international market has increased the importance of natural raw materials. From those, pomegranate peel (Punica grantum) with solid applications is one of the most important sources of natural dyes. The major colouring component in pomegranate is tannins, extracted from the fresh and dried peels. The aim of present work is to evaluate pomegranate powder as natural textile dyestuff. The work consists of three steps, i.e. extraction, characterization and dyeing processes. The dye extraction procedure is conventional and traditional. Dyeing of different textiles, synthetic and natural fabrics with the extract of pomegranate powder has been carried out and dyeing has been optimized. Finally, dyed fabric have been subjected to different textile laboratory tests e.g., colour fastness, light fastness, washing fastness and rubbing fastness (dry and wet).

4 illus, 1 table, 27 ref

016347   Shirgavi V K;Naik S D (Textiles and Apparel Designing Dep, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad-580 005) : Clothing preference of cerebral palsy children according to their physical limitation. 2009, 22(2), 404-7.

Clothing is one of the basic necessities of human life. It plays a significant role in all round development of an individual, which is also true with physically challenged. Keeping in view this, the present study was focused on the prevailing problems in donning and doffing of the garments experienced by the mothers of cerebral palsy children and their suggest

8 tables, 5 ref

016346   Pruthi N;Chawla G D;Yadav S (Clothing and Textiles Dep, College of Home Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004) : Dyeing of silk with barberry bark dye using mordant combination. Nat Prod Radiance 2008, 7(1), 40-4.

Barberry bark (Berberis aristata DC.) dye was used for dyeing of degummed pure silk yarn using four selected mordants: alum, chrome, copper sulphate and ferrous sulphate in different ratio i.e. 1:1,1:3 and 3:1. For dyeing optimized condition used were: wave length-410 nm, dye extraction time-60 min, medium of extraction-aqueous, dye material concentration- 8%, dyeing time-45 min and pH of dyeing solution-4.0. Mordant concentration and mordanting techniques were also optimized. Analysis of fastness properties revealed that alum + chrome, alum + ferrous sulphate and chrome + ferrous sulphate in 1:3 ratio and alum + copper sulphate and chrome + copper sulphate in 3:1 ratio showed the best fastness properties with post mordanting technique. The dyed samples possess very good to excellent fastness. Improvement in brightness was observed on exposing the samples to sunlight, washing and perspiration fastness tests. Large range of shades was obtained. The mordant which was in high proportion dominated the shade.

6 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

016345   Amrita Singh;Naik S D (Textiles and Apparel Designing Dep, College of Rural Home Science, University of Agricultural Scienes, Dharwad-580 005) : Status of Banaras weavers. Karnataka J agric Sci 2009, 22(2), 408-11.

Today the Banarasi silk saree has acquired international fame, hailed as the "Indian sun" in the world of fashion. Though the Banarasi silk products are enjoying a ready market both at home and abroad, there are grey areas demanding immediate attention to sustain and further improve this traditional craft and to help the Banarasi weavers to achieve new heights. In the study, an effort has been made to trace the weavers' socio-economic condition, marketing practices and problems faced by them. A survey was conducted in Banaras district of Uttar Pradesh state during the year 2007 to find the present status of silk weavers. The study results revealed that the situation of weavers was pathetic; they were feeble due to illiteracy, financial constraints, marketing bottleneck and Government support.

5 tables, 3 ref

024748   Rashmi A;Mahale G;Sunanda R K;javed M (Department of Textiles and Apparel Designing, College of Rural Home Science, UAS, Dharwad-580 005, Email: aicrpct@rediffmail.com) : Effect of Katha leaves dye on UAS sheep breed wool. Nat Prod Radiance 2004, 3(6), 413-17.

The present trend towards revival of natural dyes has encouraged researchers to develop variety of natural dyes from various plants for different fabrics. Among such natural dyes is the Acacia catechu Linn. which is a good source of tannin, gum, timber, fuel and fodder also. The leaves of the tree are also rich in tannin but are left unused. Hence, an attempt was made to dye the UAS sheep breed wool (off white colour) with a dye extracted from leaves and dyed samples were assessed for their physical parameters.

1 illus, 4 tables, 4 ref

024747   Rajan K;Athiyaman N (Department of Archaeology, Tamil University, Thanjavur 613 005) : Traditional gemstone cutting technology of Kongu region in Tamil Nadu. Indian J Hist Sci 0039, (NULL), 385-414.

Paper Discusses the traditional gemstone cutting technology in the backdrop of archaeological and literary evidence and its continuity through the ages to its present status. This traditional craftsmanship is studied with reference to present-day bead making in Kongu region of Tamil Nadu. It analyses the complex procedures involved in bead-making such as cutting, polishing and boring of the gemstones. The various processes and skills involved in making such beads are studied. The socio-economic status of artisans is also studied.

30 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

023739   Yadav A K;Gupta K K;Kureel G L (Defence Mater and Stores Res and Dev Establishment, , Kanpur-208013) : Studies on thermal insulation value of different insulating materials. Man Made Text India 2005, 48(4), 145-9.

Thermal insulation is one of the most important/critical parameter of clothing systems which are used in Extreme Cold and Glacier Regions for protection against cold. While developing the clothing systems for these areas it requires selection of fiber, its configuration and form of the structure of the material because insulation property of a clothing depends upon class of fiber, its comfiguration and ratio of fibers to air in unit volume. In view of these, a study relating to thermal insulation has been carried out using single layer and multi layer system on different class of fiber structures i.e. Acrylic pile fabric, Polyester batting, Thinsulate and Polypropylene fabrics of different thickness.

3 tables, 5 ref, 3 grap

023738   Tyagi G K;Goyal A (Text Processing Dep, Sarvajanik Coll of Engg. & Tech, Surat) : Recovery properties of acrylic-cotton OE rotor-spun yarns. Man Made Text India 2005, 48(1), 4-6.

The effect of various parameters such as draw-off nozzle profile, twist factor, yarn linear density and material type on the recovery properties of OE rotor-spun yarns has been studied. Analysis of variance suggests that the profile of the draw off nozzle has a profound influence on the recovery characteristics of acrylic-cotton OE rotor-spun yarns. Notched nozzle generally results in higher immediate elastic recovery and delayed recovery for acrylic-cotton yarns. However, both these characteristic decrease considerably with the increase in cotton content and twist factor. Reasonably lower cotton content, low twist factor and a notched nozzle are needed to reduce permanent set. Increased yarn linear density leads to a decrease in permanent set but conversly increases immediate elastic recovery and delayed recovery.

2 tables, 4 ref

023737   Tarafder N;Bose P (NO, Coll of Text Technol, William Carey Road, Serampore, Hooghly-712201) : A review of application of Hollow fibers in extra corporial devices in medical textiles. Man Made Text India 2005, 48(4), 141-4.

27 ref

023736   Sreenivasa;Itagi M R;Vijay Kumar H L;Nadiger G S (NO, DCTSC/CSTRI, Sericultural Complex, Dharwad-580009) : Development and study of the properties of eri silk and polyester blended yarn. Man Made Text India 2005, 48(1), 15-18.

The work is an attempt to develop two varities of Eri silk Polyester blended yarn on short staple spinning system to diversify the Eri silk. This work was carried out the develop the process to cut the Eri fibers of required length from the Eri cocoons. The Eri fibers were blended with polyester in 50:50 and 30:70 blend ratio and to develop a suitable process parameter for yarn on short spinning system. The developed yarns were tested for physical properties and comparisons were made on the performance of different blend ratio. The results show that the 30:70 Eri polyester yarn exhibit better performance than that of 50:50 blend.

1 illus, 6 table, 12 ref

023735   Singh B R;Verma J C;Sharma V D;Singh V P (Natn Salmonella Cent (Vet) Bacteriology and Mycol Div, Indian Vet Res Inst, Izatnagar-243 122, Email: brs1762@ivri.pu.nic.in) : Inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Klebsiella pneumoniae on common enteropathogens isolated from food and clinical materials. J Fd Sci Technol 2004, 41(5), 566-70.

Bacteriocins of Lactobacillus acidophilus (lacticin) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (klebocin) have been found to inhibit the growth of various enteropathogen. The study deals with effect of 3 strains of L, acidophilus (LB-I, LB-R and LB-3) and one strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K-4) on 73 strains of enteropathogens of zoonotic significance. Culture supernatants of LB-I strain was the most effective to inhibit the growth of 35 strains out of the 73 tested, while, supernatant of LB-R, LB-3 and K-4 strains could inhibit growth of only 30,19 and 31 strains, respectively. None of the Lactobacillus inhibited Proteus mirabilis, Morganella morganii and Plesiomonas shigelloides strains. However, K-4 supernatant had weak inhibitory effect on P. shigelloides. About 50% of the pathogens isolated from human patients were inhibited; inhibitory activity and spectrum of activity appeared to be strain dependent rather than having any association with pathogenicity potential. Two noon-pathogenic reference strain of Escherichia coli K12 were equally inhibited by all the 3 Lactobacilli and 1 Klebsiella, but a pathogenic reference strain had resistance to all 4 bacteriocins. The study revealed that bacteriocin resistance is common in environmental as well as in cllinical isolates of enteropathogens.

2 tables, 18 ref

023734   Simeonov N;Petkova M (NO, CTMU-Sofia 1756 "Kliment Ohridski", blvd No. 8, Bulgaria) : Spinning of viscose fibers from cationized viscose solution. Man Made Text India 2005, 48(4), 132-5.

The purpose of the investigation is to study the possibility of applying the cationizing agent in the process of production of the viscose fibers, especially in the production of viscose silks. In these investigations the interaction of the cellulose and the cationizing agent is accomplished by the addition of the latter to the viscose solution, containing different amounts of the cationizing product, have been followed. The possibility for the spinning of fibers from the solutions was also studied. The produced polyampholytic fibers have been characterized for their tensile strength, elangation and dyeing ability.

2 illus, 4 tables, 15 ref

023733   Saxena A K;Panthi S K;Dasgupta R;Jha A K; Ramakrishnan N (Regional Res Laboratory, , Bhopal-462 026) : Finite element simulation of compression and experimental validation. Metals Mater Process 2005, 17(1), 61-8.

The Finite Element analysis of forging of mild steel cylinder was earned out by MSC-Marc software with a specified diameter to height ratio. The mechanical properties of material required for the software are yield strength, Young's modulus, stram hardening coefficient and Poissons ratio. The coefficient of friction was measured by the standard ring compression test of mild steel. Experiments of cylinder were carried out on steel samples for diffrent degrees of compression using a 400 tonne hydraulic press. The findings obtained from the numerical analysis were compared by experimental results in terms of deformed shape or geometry, which shows a good agreement with each other.

7 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

023732   Roy A N;Roy P (NO, Natn Inst of Res on Jute and Allied Fibre Technol ICAR, 12 Regent Park, Kolkata-700040) : Jute-viscose blended needle punched nonwoven-stress decay and cyclic loading. Man Made Text India 2005, 48(4), 161-6.

The experimental work has been carried out with the objective to find the changes in tensile properties during stress relaxation and cyclic loading of needle punched jute-viscose blended nonwoven fabric with changes in variables like fabric weight, punch density, depth of penetration and jute-viscose blend composition. Statistical experimental designing technique has been applied to change all the variables simultaneously and also to reduce the volume of experimetal samples. Tenacity of needle fabric is improved on stress relaxation except in fabric having low area density, very high punch density and depth of penetration. Both stress decay and permanent set on cyclic extension are initially reduced and then show an upward trend with the increase in fabric weight, punch density and depth of penetration. Permanent set on cyclic extension, stress decay and tenacity after stress relaxation increases with the increase in jute percentage in the jute-viscose blended fabric but very high percentage of jute in the fabric tends to show slight reduction in stress relaxation. The experimental combinations can be reduced several fold with the use of multifactor experimental designing technique.

4 illus, 4 tables, 3 ref

023731   Prasad B K;Modi O P;Jha A K;Yegneswaran A H; Singh R P;Bhagat J J;Singh V P (Regional Res Laboratory (CSIR), , Bhopal-462 026) : Cost and energy effective substitute material components for sugar mills. Metals Mater Process 2005, 17(1), 69-76.

Deals with a successful attempt to develop cost and energy effective substitute material in place of gun metal/bronze components for sugar mills. The investigations carried out involved (a) conceiving the problem through prolonged interactions with the manufacturing and user agencies, (b) synthesis of an alternate material composition belonging to a potential non-conventional alloy system by melting and casting route, (c) characterization of relevant engineering properties on a laboratory scale to assess the working capability of the synthesized alloy vis-a-vis the conventional material i.e. gun metal, (d) fabrication of engineering components, and (e) performance evaluation of the alternate material components under actual workine conditions at site. The investigation strongly suggests that the synthesized alloys have definite potential for effective use as a substitute material system to replace conventional bronzes gun metals for fabricating various sugar mill components on techno-economic basis. Substantial monitory savings are envisaged to be realized through the proposed material replacement. This is in view of the existence of a large number of heavy sugar mill components weighing as high as up to a quintal when fabricated using the conventional material i.e. gun metals/bronzes.

6 illus, 1 table, 4 ref

023730   Pathak K K;Panthi S K;Kotwal C P;Ramakrishnan N (Regional Res Laboratory (CSIR), , Bhopal-462 026) : Analysis of bending and stretch forming processes. Metals Mater Process 2005, 17(1), 55-60.

Sheet metal forming is widely used in many industrial applications. It is a typical large rotation plasticity problem. Two prominent forms of sheet metal forming processes are sheet bending and stretch forming. In this study large deformation finite element analyses of bending and stretch forming processes have been carried out. Identical sheets were formed to identical forming radius by both methods. A comparative study has been carried out based on elastic springback, effective stress and effective strain distribution. It is found that spring back, effective stress and effective strain are on lower side in stretch formine.

6 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

023729   Narayanasamy R;Sathina Narayanan C (Dep of Production Engng, Natn Inst of Technol, Tiruchirappalli-620 015) : Formability of HSLA and EDDQ steels of tube products of India. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2005, 12(2), 141-50.

The formability of HSLA (micro alloyed steel of 1.6 mm thickness) and EDDQ (1.2 mm thickness) steels have been studied and the suitability of HSLA and EDDQ steels for forming applications have been examined. The experimental work on microstructural aspects, tensile properties and formability parameters were carried out for both the steel sheet metals. The forming limit diagram for EDDQ and HSLA steels have been experimentally evaluated. A detailed analysis of the strain distribution profiles obtained from experiment has been attempted. The fracture surfaces of the formed samples have been observed using scanning electron microscopy with a view to obtain a correlation between fracture behaviour and formability of the sheet metals. The EDDQ steel has been found to possess good drawability and stretchability, whereas the HSLA steel has been found to possess limited drawability and stretchability.

19 illus, 5 tables, 15 ref

023728   Mimura K;Isshiki M (Inst of Multidisciplinary Res for Advd Mater, Tohoku Univ, 1-1-2 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan) : Purification of silicon by plasma-arc zone melting. Metals Mater Process 2005, 17(1), 31-42.

Purification of metallurgical grade silicon by the plasma-arc zone melting method has been examined. The process consisted in the horizontal displacement of a molten silicon zone heated by Ar- and 10%H₂+Ar-plasma-arc under atmospheric pressure. This technique, especially using hydrogen plasma-arc, promoted the segregation of impurities from the head side to the tail side of the bar and the vaporization of impurities with higher vapor pressures. Metallic impurities such as Fe, Ti, Cr, Mn, Cu, Al and Ca were reduced to less than 1 mass ppm at the head side of the Si bar. Non-metallic impurities such as boron, phosphorous, carbon and oxygen were also reduced by the zoning effect and, furthermore, by activated hydrogen atoms dissociated in the high temperature plasma-arc. Plasma-arc zone melting with hydrogen plasma has been recognized to become an effective and practical purification technique of metallurgical grade silicon for the production of a low cost solar grade silicon.

17 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

023727   Maulik S R;Pal P (Silpa Sadan (Textile Section) Dept, Visa Bharati Univ, Shantiniketan) : Effect of mordant on colour uptake and fastness properties of selected natural dyes on silk. Man Made Text India 2005, 48(1), 19-22.

4 tables, 9 ref

023726   Malik S K;Harmandeep Kaur (Text Chem Dep, The Technological Inst of Text & Sci, Bhiwani-127021) : Supercritical carbon dioxide-the dyeing technique of future. Man Made Text India 2005, 48(1), 27-32.

Supercritical carbon dioxide has been tried in different areas of textile treatments and has very high potential because this dyeing medium completely avoids water pollution and use of conventional auxiliaries in dyeing as well as after treatments. The drying after dyeing is also not required. The CO₂ dyeing technology is now in its way to becoming an industrial application. Hence it is a new technologically profitable process.

6 illus, 20 ref

023725   Hayavadana J;Shobana N;Aruix De Joe (Coll of Technol, Osmania Univ, Hyderabad-500 007) : Structural mechanics of textile composites. Man Made Text India 2005, 48(4), 153-60.

Structural mechanics of the composites deal with the study of the architecture of the composites. There are very large number of models and theories that are proposed for the architecture of the composites. Studies the architecture just for the braided type of composites. Since the characteristics of the braiding process makes it a suitable candidate for manufacture of performs for a wide range of composite application. Braided composites are already used in aerospace, industrial, medical applications. The scope of widening the area of the application comes with the knowledge of the architecture. This is where the structural mechanics study help us. Deals with the study of some of the models proposed for a braided composites. The influence of the geometrical parameters on some of the properties of the materials is also studied. The theory behind the models is well established by the results. The complexity of some of the applications require us to know the architecture well so that the properties of the composites can be tailored to our liking. Thus the structural mechanics study is in the Finite Element Analysis technique, which has proved to be a very valuable tool thus far. Thus we have made a review of the structural mechanics of the braided composites.

1 illus, 5 tables, 4 ref

023724   Halbe A V;Inamdar M S;Khan J S;Khoja A K (Lecturers in Text Processing Dep, Sarvajanik Coll of Engg. & Tech, Surat) : Various applications of acrylics/acrylates in textiles. Man Made Text India 2005, 48(1), 10-14.

1 illus, 29 ref

023723   Gokarneshan N;Nagarajan G (Text Technol Dep, Kumaraguru Coll of Technol, Coimbatore-641006) : Functional acrylic fibers-Recent technological developments. Man Made Text India 2005, 48(1), 7-9.

Acrylic fibers have gained interest in the recent years. Developments have been taken place in the technology of production. Also variety of fibers to suit different end uses, have been developed. Major companies like Mitsubishi and Toray industries have evolved fibers that suit functional requirements. Reviews the important functional acrylic fibers and their technological developments.

1 table, 20 ref

023722   Gahlot M;Dubey P (Clothing & Textiles Dep, Coll of Home Sci G B P U A and T, Pantnagar) : Existing status of silk dyeing and printing units of Varanasi. Man Made Text India 2005, 48(1), 23-6.

5 tables, 3 ref

023721   Basu S K (NO, Man Made Text Res Ass, Ring Road, Surat-395002) : Twist-imparting device for false-twist texturing:pin twister. Man Made Text India 2005, 48(4), 150-2.

5 illus

023720   Agarwal N;Sadistap S S;Pawan Kapur (AGRI-Electronics Grp Cent Electron Engng Res Inst, , Pilani) : Intelligent low cost moisture-meter. J Instrum Soc India 2005, 35(2), 243-8.

The paper describes a development of low-cost and reliable interface for moisture sensors, based on the use of a relaxation oscillator and the high performance 16-bit microcontroller (87C196KC). The moisture in material is calculated by measuring the change in capacitance. The novel interface circuit is designed to measure moisture change in material accurately and reliably even though shunting conductance shunts the sensor capacitors. Using a new auto-calibration technique the problem of shunting conductance and multiplicative and additive errors of the interface are eliminated. In addition, the environmental effect as well as the effect of stray capacitance is avoided to certain extent by using same technique. The developed prototype was tested and calibrated to measure the moisture from 2%-95% for required accuracy ±1. It also provides serial RS-485 and wireless interface for industrial PC based monitoring and control applications in Agro-Industries.

3 illus, 6 ref

021633   W. Schlafhorst Ag & Co (NO, , Postfach Joachim Stiller) : Winding device of a textile machine for manufacturing cross-wound bobbins. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

021632   W. Schlafhorst Ag & Co (NO, , Postfach 100435, D41004, L Monchengladbach, Germany) : A cheese producing textile machine. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

021631   Tencel Ltd (NO, , 1 Holme lane, Spondon, Derby, Derbyshire De21 7BP, UK) : Method of making a tow of continuous filaments of solvent-spun cellulose. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

021630   Samcor Glass Ltd (NO, , Village Naya Naya Nohra, Kota-Baran Road, Kota) : Universal glass composition process for the preparation thereof. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

021629   E I D U Pont De Nemours & Co (NO, , 1007 Market Street, Wilmington, Delaware-19898, USA) : Method of making a sheet. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

021628   De Beers Industrial Diam Ond Division Ltd (NO, , Debid House, Corner Amethyst Street & Crownwood Road, Theta, Johannesburg, South Africa) : A method of producing diamond crystals. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

021627   Coronet- werk GMBH (NO, , Neustadt 2, D-69483 Wald-Michelbach, Germany) : A brush head. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

021626   Clariant GMBH (NO, , Bruenigstrasse 50, D-65929 Frankfurt Am Main Germany) : An electrophotographic toner or developer powder or powder coating materials and inkjet ink. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

021625   Alcan International Ltd (NO, , 1188 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 3G2) : A method of manufacturing a sheet of aluminum-based alloy. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

021624   Zenat A N;Enas A H (Cellulose and Paper Dep, National Research Centre, EI-Behoos street, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt-12622) : Evaluation of pulping by propylene glycol. IPPTA Jl 2005, 17(1), 43-48.

The study was carried out to acquire basic data necessary for the use of non wood pulp and save energy with different concentrations of propylene glycol (PG). Study was carried out by pulping bagasse with different concentrations of (PG) (80-100 %) at different temperatures (340 -170°C) at atmospheric pressure. Author found that the best temperature was 150°C and best concentrations of (PG) was 90% for 2 hrs. By comparing this suitable conditions of pulping at atmospheric pressure by pulping under pressure finds that pulping at atmospheric pressure kappa no. reduced from 29.33 to 22.42 and brightness increased from30.3 to 37.8 but pulping at pressure gave higher yield.

4 illus, 4 tables, 15 ref

021623   Sood Y V;Pande P C;Tyagi S;Payra I;Nisha; Kulkarni A G (Central Pulp & Paper Research Institute, , Post Box No 174, Saharanpur-247 001, Email: yasood@rediffmail.com) : Quality improvement of paper from bamboo and hardwood furnish through fiber fractionation. J scient ind Res 2005, 64(4), 299-305.

This study is aimed to improve the quality of paper made from hardwoods (70-80%) and bamboo furnish (20-30%) through fractionation process. The fiber fractionation followed by selective processing of each fraction proved to be a better option to produce paper of improved quality in terms of strength, optical and printing properties. Also discusses the machine runnability with fractionated pulp samples based on Wet web properties and fines content of fractionated pulp. The possibilites of using different fractions in different grades were also explored. This is a good opportunity for mills having multiple paper machines and making different varieties of paper.

15 illus, 7 tables, 6 ref

021622   Singhal D K (Chandpur Enterprises Ltd, , Sargam Theatre, Chandpur-246 725) : Modeling and simulation of approach flow for GSM control. IPPTA Jl 2005, 17(1), 75-80.

Often short term grammage fluctuations take place on paper machine with a very small time lag. Due to the same, both MD and CD variations occur and these cannot be controlled with the conventional consistency and stock flow control techniques. Modeling and simulation has been tried tounderstand the reasons behind these variations and suitable corrective actions have been suggested.

8 illus, 2 ref

021621   Magda G EI-Meligy;Mobarak F (Cellulose and Paper Dep, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt) : Cellulose hydrazone derivatives as additives in paper making. IPPTA Jl 2005, 17(1), 37-42.

Dialdehyde cellulose hydrazone derivative and cellulose hydrazino complex were prepared throughreaction with 2-hydrazino derivative, under suitable selected conditions. These cellulose hydrazone derivatives were evaluated as additives in paper making. The addition of 5% DAC hydrazone derivative or 5% cellulose hydrazino complex under suitable conditions, increased the breaking length of the paper produced from cotton linters by 59% and 30.8 respectively; and 45% and 35% respectively for wood pulp. Also a considerable increase in bursting strength took place. It was found that the addition of DAC hydrazone derivative or cellulose hydrazino complex increased the water absorption of the paper produced from cotton linters whears the water retention inreased from 45% to 78.4% and 77% respectively. SEM pictures were carried out and elucidated the obtained results.

4 illus, 6 tables, 10 ref