020733   Sharma V;Goel A (Clothing & Textiles Dep, Home Science College, GBPUA&T, Pantnagar) : Bamboo plant to fibre: an approach to various implications. Man Made Text India 2010, 53(8), 291-5.

Bamboo, a renewable resource grown widely throughout Asia, serves as medium for manufacturing numerous utility and decorative articles, besides that it possesses some unique medicinal properties i.e. absorbency, anti-bacterial property, etc. that are retained in the manufacture of bamboo fibres, yarns and textiles. Bamboo fabric is light and strong, with excellent wicking properties that helps in retaining body hygiene of the wearer. Fibres, yarns and textiles derived from bamboo are 100% biodegradable. The end use of bamboo fibre includes intimate apparels, non-woven fabrics, sanitary materials, decorating and bathroom series. Bamboo fibre products are cool, breathable, luxurious and considered one of the newer environment friendly products to offer eco-safe benefits to consumers.

11 ref

020732   Samanta A K;Konar A;Chakraborty S;Datta S (NO, Textile Chemistry Section of the Institute of Jute Technology, 35 Ballyguange Circular Road, Kolkata-700 019) : Effect of different mordants, extraction conditions and dyeing process variables on colour interaction parameters and colour fastness properties in dyeing of jute fabric with manjistha, a natural dye. J Instn Engrs-Pt TE 2010, 91(Aug), 7-15.

Standard 3% H₂O₂ bleached jute fabric, pre-mordanted with selective single and double mordants using myrobolan (harda/haritaki) and metallic salts has been dyed with aqueous extract of manjistha (a natural dye). Changes in important mechanical properties after mordanting and corresponding dyeing behaviour have been evaluated in terms of instrumentally measured colour interaction parameters. Ratherthan corresponding individual single mordant used, 20% myrobolan (Harda) followed by 20% of AI₂(S0₄)₃pre-mordanting treatment in sequence have been found to be the most potent double mordanting systems. With this selective dye-fibre mordant system, dyeing process variables have also been standardised. Effects of dyeing process variables on surface colour strength and dye uniformity in the present study have indicated that the 60 min dyeing time, 90°C dyeing temperature, 11 pH, 1:20 material-to-liquor ratio, 20% mordants concentration for each of the double mordant system, 50% (on the weight of solid source material) dye concentration (manjistha), and 10 gfl common salt have been found to be the optimum dyeing condition. Colour fastness properties to washing, rubbing and light as well as dyeing-pH sensitivity for selective fibre-mordants-dye systems on colour fastness properties have also been assessed and reported. Improvement of wash and light fastness had also been achieved with specific eco-friendly chemicals for popularizing the same in export market.

2 illus, 6 tables, 19 ref

020731   Sakthivel J C;Anbumani N;Karthikeyan S; Maheswaranm R;Satheesh Kumar K;Narmadha B (Textile Technology Dep, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore-641 004) : Effect of enzymatic treatment on the dimensional properties of viscose weft knitted fabrics. Man Made Text India 2010, 53(1), 23-5.

Treatment of knitted fabric with enzyme cellulose leads to various surface modifications. The dimensional properties of plain weft knitted fabrics made from 40^s spun viscose yarn had been investigated and the various dimensional properties of the treated fabrics had been assessed and compared with untreated spun viscose weft knitted fabrics. The values of Kc, Kw, Ks and Loop shape factor were found. It is observed that there is an improvement in the spirality in the yarn stage for enzymatic treated fabric when compared with other fabrics.

1 table, 9 ref

020730   Roy K;Varshney R (Textile Engineering Dep, Giani Zail Singh College of Engineering & Technology, Bathinda-151 001) : Changing trends in measurement of fabric drape. Man Made Text India 2010, 53(4), 129-32.

Fabric Drape is a term used to describe how attractive a fabric looks when it is worn as a garment. Study of drape assumed importance with the great advancement in the computer technology and computer aided design (CAD) system. The research workers treaded drape with all seriousness because fashion designers need to produce exact image of the fabric with the folds and curves on the computer monitor. This requires generating a suitable algorithm encompassing the complex physical parameters of the fabric. Starting from the Cusick Drape Tester, the instruments have undergone developments to incorporate CCD camera and computer analysis of the images of the fabrics obtained thereof. Subsequently, in order to generate the highly realistic images of fabrics, Finite Element Analysis was resorted to carry out the computation of the physical parameters to simulate and predict the drape behaviour.

6 illus, 15 ref

020729   Ravikumar D;Bhat P N;Roy S;Hipparigi S A; Srinath K (Central Silk Technology Research Institute (CSTRI), Central Silk Board, BTM Layout, Madivala, Bangalore-560 068) : Effect of washing cycles over natural chrome and lustre of mugatasar and nistari silk fabric. Man Made Text India 2010, 53(6), 211-15.

The study of the natural pigmentation and its wash fastness properties of natural coloured silk involves through investigation and quantification of fading property of Tasar, Muga & Nistari silk fabrics. The natural colouring matter of silk can therefore be roughly divided into yellow, green and brown pigments. An effort is made to find the fading phenomena of natural colourant of Tasar, Muga & Nistari fabrics during washing is undertaken through experimentations. The wash fastness of Muga and Tasar has been found to be good until 50 washes where as the fastness of Nistari silk is good till 10 washes.

1 table, 6 ref

020728   Ravichandran S;Neelakandan R (NO, Lucky Spinning Co. Ltd, Bangkok-10110) : Application of electrospun nanofibre in medical field. Man Made Text India 2010, 53(9), 338-44.

Electrospinning is a simple and effective method for preparing nanofibres with diameters ranging from 5 to 500, nm. The nanofibre is a marvel of textile fibre industry that exhibits high surface to volume ratio, high porosity and small pore size. These inclusive structural parameters of nanofibre matrix found plenty of application in filter materials, sensor, wound dressing, tissue engineering and controlled release of drugs. A huge number of research activities were carried out in this field to maximize their applications in medical field.

9 illus, 1tables, 27 ref

020727   Ramachandran T;Lakshmanan R;Natarajan M; Karthikeyan S (HOD, Textiles Technology, P.S.G. College of Technology, ) : Herbally treated non-woven textiles health care products. Man Made Text India 2010, 53(1), 15-18.

A new effort has been made to understand the impact of herbally treated Non-Woven textiles in relieving pain while used as human health care products. Textiles are indispensable part of human life. Textiles are being used in kitchen to automobile and cover majority of human household articles of consumption. The term "Technical Textiles" was coined in the 1980, to describe the growing variety of products and manufacturing techniques being developed primarily for their technical properties and performance or other aesthetic characteristics. Introduction of Non-woven, not only extended the application of textiles for various industrial usages, it is also for other fields such as medicine healthcare. The alternate medical concepts of siddhas & pandits of our country have invented varieties of medicines using herbs to cure various diseases for the welfare of the human community. All these medicines would cure the diseases when taking them by oral route. Here Viscose non-woven textiles are treated with Herbal recommended by them, using Micro encapsulation / dipping methods and are used as health care products after converting it into required sizes. The effect of these products are analysed with patients who are suffering from pains like headache, joints pains etc., while keeping the products in contact with human skin for relieving pain. The Scope is limited to the health products of head bands, knee bands, wrist band and bands which can be used at elbows.

ref

020726   Raaja;Ramani (Textiles and Clothing Dep, Avinashilingam Univ for Women, Coimbatore-43) : Effect of natural dye (LAC) on selected silk fabrics. Man Made Text India 2010, 53(7), 259-63.

3 illus, 6 tables, 7 ref

020725   Pan N C;Chattopadhyay S N;Roy A K;Patra K; Khan A (National Institute of Research on Jute & Allied Fibre Technology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 12 Regent Park, Kolkata-700 040) : Preparation Of full bleached jute fabric by enzyme application. Man Made Text India 2010, 53(8), 288-90.

Full bleached jute fabric was prepared by following i) chemical scouring-bleaching and ii) bioscouring-bleaching sequences. Weight loss, absorbency property, optical property, handle property and tensile property of the fabrics were studied thoroughly. It was found that whiteness, brightness and absorbency is more in case of bioscoured-bleached jute fabric compared to chemically scoured-bleached jute fabric Handle property of bioscoured-bleached jute fabric is better than the chemically scoured-bleached jute fabric. Loss of tensile strength is more in case of bioscoured-bleached jute fabric. Bioscouring is carried out without using any toxic chemicals and at low temperature. It is eco-friendly and energy saving process.

3 tables, 7 ref

020724   Naik S V;Vasumathi B V;Malali K;Naik P; Hukkeri S M;Roy S;Somashekar T H (Silk Conditioning and Testing House, CSTRI, Central Silk Board, Dharmavaram-515 671) : Property of fabric developed using blend silk yarn using man-made filament/natural fibers, yarns as the core : Part II. Man Made Text India 2010, 53(9), 329-32.

Different types of fabrics were developed in plain and jacquard weaves using silk x silk warp and blend silk yarns in the core as weft. Blend silk yarns were produced during raw silk reeling process using Polyester, Viscose, Nylon and Cotton yarns. Further, plain and jacquard fabrics were also developed using same silk x silk warp and Silk x Silk yarns equivalent in denier to each of the blend yarns as a weft for comparison. Both types of fabrics were tested for various characteristics and the data generated was statistically analysed. Quality characteristics of fabrics produced from cover silk yarns indicate that these fabrics can be utilized for the manufacture of innerwear, dress materials and furnishings with distinct characteristics. Study indicate that fabrics produced using blend silk have good potential for exports owing to its economics, aesthetic appeal, and improved functional properties.

4 tables, 4 ref

020723   Naik S V;Malai K;Naik P;Roy S;Somashekar T H (Silk Conditioning and Testing House, CSTRI, Central Silk Board, Dharmavaram-515 671) : Production of blend silk yarn using man-made filament/natural fibres, yarns during silk reeling and properties of these yarns: part I. Man Made Text India 2010, 53(8), 302-4.

To expand use of silk in diversified products, new silk yarns with new characteristics have to be developed. Production of blend silk yarns during silk reeling process is one of the attempts in this regard. The mechanism and gadgets required for production of blend silk yarns have been developed and fixed to CSTRI multi-end reeling machine. The blend silk yarns using polyester, viscose, nylon and cotton yarns in the core were developed and silk yarns equivalent in denier to each of these yarns were also developed for comparison. From the yarn characteristics it is observed that uniformity of blend silk yarns is significantly better than the corresponding silk x silk yarns. Strength of corresponding silk x silk yarns has been found to be significantly better than silk x polyester, silk x viscose and silk x cotton cover yarns. It is also observed that, elongation of silk x viscose yarn is significantly better than that of silk x silk yarn, whereas elongation of silk x silk yarn is significantly better than that of silk x cotton yarns. Quality characteristics of blend silk yarns indicate that these silk yarns can be utilized for the manufacture of innerwear, dress materials and furnishings with distinct characteristics.

2 illus, 2 tables, 4 ref

020722   Massey S;Goel A (Clothing & Textiles Dep, G.B. Pant Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263 145) : Application of Geosynthetic:area of technical textile. Man Made Text India 2010, 53(9), 333-7.

The paper reviews the area of Geosynthetic in terms of product, manufacturing, properties and their application.

7 ref

020721   Mansour H F (Dyeing and Finishing Dep, Textile Printing, Faculty of Applied Arts, Helwan Univ, Egypt) : Eco-friendly and energy saving of dyeing woollen fabrics with Sticta coronata lichens. Man Made Text India 2010, 53(7), 264-70.

For an improvement trial of the heritage dyeing to meet the eco-friendly future demands; wool was dyed with the NZ lichen "Sticta Coronata" using ultrasonic and glucose/hydrogen peroxide "redox" system. The ultrasonic-assisted dye extraction with 9:1 water: acetone, and its efficiency in dyeing, and alum mordanting was examined. It was compared when the redox system was absent by applying the conventional heating technique. The water: acetone extraction was rather effective than the purely aqueous solution and the redox system showed a significant enhancement in the dye exhaustion and fixation at lower temperature. In presence of redox system mordanting methods exhibited a negligible effect on both dye exhaustion and fixation. Whereas Sticta coronata seemed to involve free radical covalent bonding in addition to the usual coulombic bond on wool. In addition, Ultrasonic energy provided easy, efficient route without needing to boil the water as in case of the conventional heating technique.

9 illus, 21 ref

020720   Mankodi H (Textile Engineering Dep, Faculty of Tech And Engg., M.S. Univ of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat) : Glass/Cu laminates from conductiv hybrid yarns. Man Made Text India 2010, 53(9), 325-8.

The thermoplastic composites have replaced metals in many industrial applications by providing improvement in design flexibiiity, allowing better integration and lowering system cost in manufacturing operations. An eiectricaily conductive thermoplastic material resin has been modified with electrically conductive additives including powdered carbon black, carbon fiber, metal fiber, metal-coated carbon fibers etc. This process is complex and difficult to control due to deposition of carbon powder, which demands high maintenance of processing machine. The main objective of the work was to make conductive hybrid yarn incorporating thermoplastic material as matrix (PP), reinforced material (Glass) and conductive materials (Cu) to form laminates in one step process. The commingling machine with hollow spindle attachment has been developed to produce such hybrid yarn. By using hollow spindle unit hybrid yarn with core and sheath structure can be produced, when the Copper yarn is introduced in core. The Glass/PP laminates has been evaluated for its conductive characteristics like Resistivity, Dielectric Strength and Flexural strength.

8 illus, 4 ref

020719   Mandal S (NO, Pearl Academy of Fashion, New Delhi) : Fabric mechanical property on sewing threads size selection. Man Made Text India 2010, 53(6), 219-28.

This paper aims to explore the influence of fabric mechanical properties with different sewing thread sizes on seam performance. Two tests were conducted in this study. Firstly the extensibility, bending, shear properties of the fabrics were measured using KES-F system, then different size-ranged sewing threads were sewn the fabrics. A seam performance was analyzed in terms of seam efficiency, seam puckering and observed that the fabric extensibility, bending rigidity and shear rigidity affected the selection of sewing thread size with respect to the seam efficiency. It was also found that when fabric samples sewn in weft direction, the seam performance in term of seam efficiency varied very much as compared with fabric samples sewn in warp direction.

6 illus, 18 table, 14 ref

020718   Mahadevaiah B M;Hiremath S A;Venu S T (Central Silk Technological Research Institute (CSTRI), Central Silk Board, BTM Layout, Madivala, Bangalore-560 068) : Influence of different cocoon drying on reeling performance and mechanical properties of raw silk. Man Made Text India 2010, 53(3), 103-6.

The influence of different cocoon drying condition on reeling and raw silk quality performance of Bivoltine cocoons has been studied. Study has been conducted on the green cocoon, steam stiflied cocoon one hour dried and fully dried cocoons. The cocoons' cooking has been conducted using open pan method with cocoon disc. It is observed that the reeling character like reelability (%) and cocoon character like sericin loss {%), and raw silk characteristics like cohesion, neatness have show better results in comparsion to green, steam and one hour. The result indicates that fully dried cocoons are most suitable for the production of quality as well as quantity of silk.

2 tables, 6 ref

020717   Kumar L A;Venkatachalam A;Sivanandam M (Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dep, PSG Technology College, Coimbatore) : Implementation of MEMS accelerometer in loom for warp stop motion. J Instn Engrs-Pt TE 2010, 91(Aug), 16-20.

Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) are integrated micro devices or systems combining electrical and mechanical components. They are usually fabricated using integrated circuit (1C) batch processing technique and range in size from micrometers to millimeters. MEMS technology is an emerging field having many interesting applications in various industrial sectors including telecommunication, medical, automotive, inkJet and now in textile industries. MEMS sensors are very powerful and are highly accurate. These sensors are inexpensive and are readily available. Currently, in the field of textile machinery, drop wires are used to monitor the warp yarn and its break during weaving process. These drop wires are abrasive to the warp yarns and can lead to more warp yarn breaks. Therefore, it would be beneficial to develop a system that does not contact the warp yarn in any way. This paper explores the possibility of using MEMS as a non-contact warp stop motion for Jacquard loom using MEMS accelerometer. A dual axis MEMS accelerometer of range ± 2g was chosen for the study and the accelerometer was mounted on the harness cord.

9 illus, 15 ref

020716   Kariyappa K P;Shiavakumar P M;Rao D;Roy S; Somashekar T H (NO, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Central Silk Boa, Sriampura, Mysore-570 008) : Evaluation of low stress, surface properties and total hand value of red eri spun silk fabric. Man Made Text India 2010, 53(5), 161-6.

In this paper, the plain fabrics of Red Eri and wool spun yarn fabric are woven on power loom by using 2/60s count of yarn in warp and weft. These fabrics have been tested for various low stress mechanical and surface properties as per international standard testing methods. Handle values have been evolved & results have been compared with wool spun yarn fabric as per the requirement of industry. The results of the investigation are thoroughly discussed. From the study it is found that, Red Eri silk fabric has properties like thickness at maximum load, shearing, geometric roughness, hesteresis of bending moment, extensibility % and total handle value in summer as well as in winter higher than wool fabric. It was also found that Eri cloth was most suited for dress material in summer as well as in winter.

6 tables, 9 ref

020715   Jin E;Zhu Z (College of Textiles and Garments, Jiangnan Univ, Lihu Road No. 1800, Wuxi-214 122) : Structural effects of ester and benzenedicarboxylate units on the behaviors of water-soluble polyester film. Man Made Text India 2010, 53(1), 5-9.

In order to obtain reasonable ester and benzenedicarboxylate units of water-soluble polyester (WSP) to improve its performance for warp sizing, the present paper investigates the effects of the structural units on mechanical behaviors of WSP film. The film behaviors are evaluated in terms of tensile strength and breaking elongation. With the decrease in the length of glycol ester unit, the film behaviors are significantly improved. Meanwhile, with the increase in the amount of dimethyl isophthalate-5-sodium sulfonic (SIPM) and dimethyl isophthalate (DMI), the tensile strength obviously decreases and breaking elongation increases. Suitable monomers for the preparation of WSP sizes are composed of ethylene glycol (EG), dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), SIPM and DMI. The molar ratio of DMT/DMI/SIPM should be 76.5/8.5/15.0. Based on the experimental results, a preferred structure of WSP sizes with better film behaviors required in warp sizing operation is achieved and it benefits the enhancement in service performance of WSP specialized for sizing polyester yarns.

4 illus, 5 tables, 11 ref

020714   Jayalakshmi I;Amsamani S (Costume Design and Fashion Dep, P.S.G. College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore) : Physical properties of selected wool fibres. Man Made Text India 2010, 53(5), 180-7.

The use of wool has a long history. Indian breeds of sheep produce wools of coarse and medium quality. All animal fibres are complex in nature. Wool plays a pivotal role in the textile industry. This study is focused on the physical properties of the new developed geno type sheeps wool which will result in the selection of the the best suited wool for apparel production and for home textiles. Knowledge of physical properties is also necessary for blending and quality control.

10 illus, 4 tables, 10 ref

020713   Javali U C;Ravikumar D;Roy S (Central Silk Technological Research Institute, Central Silk Board, Bangalore) : Comparative study on tasar cocoon cooking-pressurise v/s improved method. Man Made Text India 2010, 53(3), 100-2.

The effect of cocoon cooking condition on cocoon filament unwinding tension, reeling characteristics and quality of silk has been studied. Study has been conducted using Daba tasar cocoons using pressurized cooking and improved cooking method. Cocoon cooking conditions influence significantly the reeling characteristics and quality of raw silk. Results indicate that cocoon cooking conditions have significant correlation with reeling tension, reeling characteristics and quality of raw silk. From the results it is observed that Improved cooking method give significantly better reeling characteristics and quality of silk as compared with pressurized cooking method.

2 illus, 2 ref

020712   Jain H (NO, Nirmala Niketan College of Home Science, Mumbai) : Effect of specialty finishes on handloom woven furnishing fabrics with different fiber contents. Man Made Text India 2010, 53(1), 19-22.

The study has been conducted to explore the influence of specialty finishes on the handloom plain woven fabrics. The objective of the study was to apply finish on the plain woven fabric suitable for the furnishing and also to study the performance parameter of finished and controlled sample. To conduct this research 6 woven fabrics with different fiber content and combination were selected. The specialty finishes was applied on the fabric. The specialty finishes were soil release, dimensional stability and water repellency and wrinkle release. Performance parameters of finished and controlled fabrics were tested according to the ASTM standards to measure the effectiveness of the finishes on the fabrics. The outcome of the study reveals that the silk, linen and their union blends when given specialty finishes showed positive results increasing the durability and wear life in the long run. The study conducted would help in the market growth of furnishing product with such finishes increasing the life of the fabric and such furnishing would be consumer friendly and would have high demand in the market.

13 ref

020711   Hayavadana J;Mastan M;Lalith Bhargava S V; Bhoomika C;Arjun D;Thirumalaiah K;Narayana Rao B (NO, Osmania Univ, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh) : Application & evaluation of PEKOFLAM (Flame retardant) finish to cotton fabric. Man Made Text India 2010, 53(4), 121-8.

Finishing of fabrics has received paramount significance to suit specific end-uses and accordingly research is still in progress to link finishing process and application. Finishing process has acclaimed more popularity especially for dress materials and technical textiles needless to mention about the role of finishing in application like mountaineering, marine engineering, geo-technical engineering etc. Flammability is one of the important features of textile substrate. A number of finishing treatments and processes are made available easily for a processing house. In this study for the first time, a product named PEKOFLAM is applied to cotton fabric in the form of flame retardant finish. The starting materials were dress materials with GSM in the range 80-260. Along with commercial dress material, a grey fabric was included in the experiment and was subjected to finishes in stages. The finishing agent was applied from 300-500gpl and products were characterized for mechanical properties. An improvement in tearing strength following finishing was the highlight of the present investigation. It is desired for a technical textile to exhibit higher tearing strength depending on the conditions of use. The results also confirm increase in drape coefficient value which is necessary for a protective textile.

5 illus, 4 tables

020710   Guglani R (Chemical Technology Institute, Matunga, Mumbai-400 019) : Ozone and ozone fading of denim. Man Made Text India 2010, 53(6), 207-9.

Ozone fading of washed and bleached denim is primarily caused by the oxidative effect of ozone on the indigo dye, the contaminants and the applied additives. Among these, some are metallic ions and softeners are found to enhance ozone fading considerably. Whiteness imparted by fluorescent whitening agents is also found to demonstrate poor fastness to ozone. Reducing compounds, ammo compounds or amides may have the property of inhibiting ozone fading. Simple amines such as thiourea have found to be very effective in inhibiting ozone fading but they are not durable. On the other hand, aromatic amines and cationic softeners are more durable. Yet, they have a higher tendency of yellowing when oxidized.

2 illus, 12 ref

020709   Gudiyawar M Y;Kane C D;Ashwini B (Textiles Dep, D.K.T.E.S. Textile & Engg. Institute, Lchalkaranji-416 115) : Properties of polyester and nylon air-jet textured yarn. Man Made Text India 2010, 53(8), 298-301.

Polyester and Nylon are the two important synthetic fibres with many superior properties.However, their surface characteristics are poor. These yarns are subjected to texfurising process in order to improve their surface characteristics. Air-Jet Texturising is one of the most convenient texturising processes for all types of filament yarns. In this study, Polyester, Nylon and Polyester/Nylon blended air-Jet textured yarns were produced under the same process parameters using filaments of same fineness. Nylon air-textured yarns showed more loops than Polyester textured yarn. Loop stability of Nylon textured yarn was found to be better than Polyester textured yarns. Polyester textured yarns reported higher physical bulk than Nylon textured yarns. Polyester/nylon blended yarn exhibits better loop stability, lower physical bulk, lower friction and more moisture transportation than polyester air-textured yarn.

5 illus, 2 tables, 6 ref

020708   Gudhka M P;Gudkha D R;Valia S P (NO, DKTE's Textile and Engineering Institute, Rajwada, Ichalkaranji-416 115) : Defence textiles. Man Made Text India 2010, 53(6), 201-6.

Textiles have been considered one of the most essential industries second to steel in the essentiality for the armed forces. Technical textiles have proved to be the major contributor to the defence applications. According to a study by FICCI, India spends about Rs. 2000 crore on purchasing uniforms for the 1.5-million-strong armed forces and an equal number of paramilitary and security forces. This article is related to provide an update on the advances that have occurred in the field of defence textiles.

^iia10 ref

020707   Gokarneshan N;Durairaj;Krishnamurthy C; Shanmugasundaram P;Subhash S;Subasree R P;Saranya E (NO, NIFT TEA College of Knitwear Fashion, Tiruppur-641 606) : Chemical finishing and washing of knit wear. Man Made Text India 2010, 53(4), 133-7.

The paper reviews the special types of finishes and washes given to knitted garments. The merits and demerits of the various softeners and their suitability for knitted garments is discussed herein. The proper procedure and precautions to be exercised have also been highlighted. A number of advantages accrue from softening, which have been mentioned. The special types of washes given to knit garments have been highlighted.

6 ref

020706   Gokarneshan N (Textile technology Dep, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore-641 006) : Investigation on blending of mesta with cotton by using short staple spinning system. Man Made Text India 2010, 53(6), 227-9.

This paper investigates the properties of mesta/cotton blend yarn, produced in the short staple spinning system. While some properties such as strength and elongation show improvement, the other properties could be improved by optimizing the process conditions through repeated trials.

5 illus, 1 table, 3 ref

020705   Gnanavel P;Poongodi S;Ananthakrishnan T (Textile Technology Dep, KSR College of Technology, Tiruchengode-637 215) : Characterization techniques. Man Made Text India 2010, 53(2), 52-7.

Now a days various new fibres are introduced. These new surface structure of V polymer, fracture in surfaces, can be viewed very clearly using various electron microscopes & the instruments also used to analyze the dispersion of nano particles on fibre surface. Raman spectroscopy is used in vibrational information of chemical bonds in molecules. This article gives a review about various characterization techniques available to synthesize the materials.

11 ref

020704   Gnanavel P;Magesh Kumar P (Textile Technology Dep, KSR College of Technology, Tiruchengode-637 215) : Effect of woodpulp in effluent characteristics. Man Made Text India 2010, 53(4), 138-45.

The decoiorisation of reactive dye effluent is said to be the removal of effluent color. This decoiorisation is done by application of various methods like biological method, coagulation and floatation method, ozonisation, membrane physical removal, activated carbon etc. In this project, wood pulp is used to remove color from the reactive dye effluent, by means of its main component cellulose. This process is the absorption technique for removal of color from the reactive dye effluent. It involves the transmission of color from the effluent to wood pulp. Then the colored wood pulp is fired in the boiler to get energy. In this project we had treated effluents with wood pulp at different conditions and are analyzed using statistical technique.

7 illus, 7 tables, 10 ref

020703   Gill P;Singh O P (Home Science Dep, Govt. PG College, Karnal, Haryana) : Dyeing wool with vegetable dyes and synthetic mordants. Man Made Text India 2010, 53(7), 250-8.

This paper gives an review on dyeing of wool with vegetable dyes and synthetic mordants pre and post German ban on some synthetic dyes and intermediates.

74 ref

020702   Georgieva A;Pishev D (NO, Chemical Technology and Metallurgy Univ - Sofia, 8 "Kliment Ohridski" Blvd., 176 Sofia) : Dyeing of cellulose textile material with reactive dyes. Man Made Text India 2010, 53(2), 65-7.

Polyfunctional reactive dyes have distinct advantages over monofunctional counterparts. The present paper envisages dyeing of cellulosics with polyfunctional reactive dyes. Dyeing was carried out by using three methods viz Isothermal salt at start, Isothermal salt added gradually and controlled heating. Dyeing process was compared based on their kinetics and depth of colour.

2 illus, 3 tables

020701   Gangopadhyay U K;Rekha R;Mathur M (NO, Synthetic and Art Silk Mills Reasearch Association, Sasmira, Sasmira Marg, Worli, Mumbai-400 030) : Activated carbon fibre based on non-woven precursors for applications as protective mask. Man Made Text India 2010, 53(9), 321-4.

Activated carbons are high surface area, high porosity materials showing ability to adsorb chemicals from liquid or gaseous media. Activated carbons are traditionally available in powder or granular form. Activated carbons in fibre forms (ACF) are a later development and dominated textile based applications for chemical protection, because of superior adsorption properties. The ACF are made from polymeric precursors by controlled carbonisation/activation. However, presently used precursors are made from expensive precursors like Viscose filament based fabrics. This has restricted their usage in applications other than defence and it is well known that workers in Agro, Pharma, Chemical and even the common man are exposed to hazardous chemicals. The need to protect them against hazardous chemicals should not be overlooked. Therefore, in the present study an attempt has been made to develop ACF using cheaper polymeric precursors like viscose fibres in non-woven form and also viscose fibre wastes in nonwoven form were used as precursor for developing cheaper ACF.

4 tables, 6 ref

020700   Gangopadhyay U K;Hira M (The Synthetic and Art Silk Mills' Research Association, SASMIRA, Sasmira Marg, Worli, Mumbai-400 030) : Towards popularising agrotextiles in India. Man Made Text India 2010, 53(2), 41-6.

Agrotextiles are textiles used in farming, animal husbandry and horticulture to control environment for crop production and cattle, eliminate the variations in climate and hazards associated with weather changes, regulate nutrient level uptake by plants and also assist in the process and post harvest operations. The use of Agrotextiles is increasing day by day world-wide. With a brief insight into the Agrotextile products and its market potential, the paper highlights the impediments to the marketing of Agrotextiles in the country. The role of SASM1RA as the Centre of Excellence, Agrotextiles, for the promotion of Agrotextiles in the country has been depicted. These efforts would help the industry to explore the untapped potential in the field of Agrotextiles and benefit the agriculturist with increased yield, better quality of produce uninfluenced by the vagaries of nature.

2 tables

020699   Dubey N;Singh A;Tuteja S;Malhotra V K (Apparel Production & Merchandising, SIFT, Ludhiana) : Effect of bleaching agent on cotton fabric. Man Made Text India 2010, 53(6), 216-18.

Bleaching agent is a product that lightens or whitens a substrate by means of chemical reaction, which usually involves an oxidative or reductive process that attacks colour system. The process often results in the destruction and modification of the colour bearing group. Bleaching agents are used to remove colour from materials which is very important in both textile and household cleaning.

1 illus, 3 table, 2 ref

020698   Dorugade V A;Bhagyashri K (Fibres and Textile Processing Technology Dep, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai-400 019) : Antimicrobial finishing of textiles. Man Made Text India 2010, 53(3), 89-95.

A review of antimicrobial finishing of textile has been provided. With the consumers increasingly awareness towards the health and hygiene, demand for antimicrobial textiles is now increased. The function of antimicrobial finish on the fabric is to protect the wearer from microorganisms affecting on the health. Intense research is going on worldwide with the focus on improvement in protection of textile substrate from microorganisms through an eco-friendly process.

1 illus, 24 ref

020697   Chellamani K P;Pasupathy R;Vittopa M K (NO, South India Textile Research Association, Coimbatore-641 014) : Influence of some physical and low stress mechanical properties of weft knitted fabric on performance during garment making. J Instn Engrs-Pt TE 2010, 91(Aug), 21-5.

Seam pucker is one of the critical problems in garment manufacturing. In addition to process variables, low stress mechanical properties of the fabrics also have a considerable influence on seam pucker and hence a study has been carried out. A model for predicting seam pucker grades in knitted structures based on low stress mechanical properties of fabrics using artificial neural network has been developed. An empirical expression connecting low stress mechanical properties of weft knitted fabrics with seam pucker grades has also been developed.

2 illus, 3 tables, 14 ref

020696   Bhatt R K (NO, , Mohini Apartment, 61, Mayur Colony, Kothrud, Pune-411 038) : Viscose filament yarn suggestions to reduce cost of production. Man Made Text India 2010, 53(8), 296-7.

The present paper suggest on various ways of reduction in the production cost of viscose filament yarn and cellulose powder.

020695   Bhat P N;Ravikumar D;Thimmareddy G;Roy S (Central Silk Technological Research Institute (CSTRI), Central Silk Board, BTM Layout, Madivala, Bangalore-560 068) : Cross-linking of sericin on polyeste fabric. Man Made Text India 2010, 53(3), 96-9.

Sericin is a protein material, which is adhered to the fibroin filaments while the :ormation of natural silk by the silk worm. The sericin content and its characteristics in natural silk varies from one variety to the other. There are four varieties of silk, either cultivated or naturally grown. They are Mulberry silk (Bombyx mori), Tasar (Antherea Mylitta), Muga and Eri. In India all the four varieties of silk are available. The sericin varies from 6-7% (muga) to 21-28% (mulberry). The sericin from mulberry cocoons were extracted using high temperature and high pressure technique. The Sericin so extracted is condensed and dried to form sericin flacks and powder for future use. The sericin is applied on to the polyester fabric in aqueous form followed by drying. The fabric then cross linked with cross linking agent and cured at 130°C. The cross linking qgents used in my study are Formaldehyde, Glutaraldehyde and Modified DMDHEU.

2 tables, 16 ref

020694   Ammayappan L;Jeyakodi Moses J;Raja A S M; Pitchai K (Textile Manufacture and Textile Chemistry Div, Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar-304 501) : Effect of silicone and urethane finishing treatment on performance properties of enzyme treated wool/cotton union fabric. Man Made Text India 2010, 53(2), 47-51.

A wool/cotton union fabric was treated with cellulose enzyme as well as with protease enzyme both in individual and successive form. The enzyme treated fabrics were then finished with nano, micro and macro sized silicone-emulsion and a polyurethane finishing chemical. The finished and unfinished fabrics with and without prior enzyme treatments were evaluated for their performance properties. Enzyme treatments improve the finish add-on, wicking ability, drape ability, dry crease recovery angle, shrink resistance and softness with reduction in tearing strength while the subsequent finishing treatments significantly improve the performance properties especially with retention of tearing strength. The performance properties enzyme treated and finished fabrics were better than finished-only fabrics and enzyme treated fabrics.

4 illus, 5 tables, 32 ref

019695   Najafi H;Assefipour R (Textile Dep, Islmic Azad Univ, Shahre Rey Branch, Tehran, Iran, Email: textilechemist.najafi@yahoo.com) : Modeling the tensile properties of soybean protein yarns. Asian J Chem 2010, 22(3), 2225-30.

The tensile properties of a series of soybean protein yarns are tested in USTER THINKPAID III. A non-linear viscoelastic model has been proposed to describe the tensile behaviour of soybean protein yarns. The model is composed of a Maxwell element, a linear spring and a non-linear spring. The tensile properties of soybean protein yarn are analyzed. The strength-elongation curves of the yarns are fitted. The average breaking strengths and works of rupture are calculated using the average breaking elongation. Comparisons indicate that theoretical predictions conform the experimental results very well.

3 illus, 2 tables, 5 ref

019694   Najafi H;Assefipour R (Textile Dep, Islamic Azad Univ, Shahre Rey Branch, Tehran, Iran, Email: textilechemist.najafi@yahoo.com) : Biotechnological processes for the elimination of hydrogen peroxide after bleaching of cotton/jute fabrics. Asian J Chem 2010, 22(3), 2221-4.

The textile dyeing of cotton/jute fabrics with a bifunctional reactive dye were significantly improved the properties of the fabrics when the fabric after bleaching with hydrogen peroxide was treated with bio-technological processes for the elimination of hydrogen peroxide from the fabrics. To compare the processes with a varying number of washing steps, with and without commercial reducing agents, the consumption of water could be significantly reduced, without altering the final colour shade and some of the properties.

2 illus, 14 ref

019693   Najafi H;Assefipour R (Textile Dep, Islamic Azad Univ, Shahre Rey Branch, Tehran, Iran, Email: textilechemist.najafi@yahoo.com) : Effect of mordant methods on silk yarn: dyeing with natural red dyes and improvement of adsorbed dyeability. Asian J Chem 2010, 22(3), 2214-20.

This research demonstrated that the mordanting method used in silk yarn dyeing process with natural red dye and memecylon as a mordant influences, with the post mordanting method showing the highest amount of adsorbed dye. Effects of dyeing temperature and time is found to be insignificant on the dyeing process being studied in mordanting method on silk yarn. The type of mordant's, on the other hand, shows major influences on the properties of finished silk samples. Three different mordanting methods, simultaneous mordanting, including pre mordanting and post mordanting, were employed and the amount of the quality and the breaking strength values of silk yarn were compared. Various natural products and chemicals were also used as mordant's and they provided finished silk products of different colour quality and breaking strength.

1 illus, 6 tables, 12 ref

019692   Dey S (Geography Dep, Calcutta Univ, Kolkata) : Paper recycling and socio-economic status of engaged people. Indian J Landsc Syst ecol Stud 2010, 33(2), 559-64.

Paper is a forest based resource. It is usually manufacturing from wood fibers. In modern era, the consumption of paper has been rapidly increased. Massive demand of paper leads to deforestation and no doubt excessive destruction of trees. These have led to the emergence of the paper recycling concept. In this study an attempt is being made a socio-economic analysis of the people who engaged in the paper recycling and related works.

6 ref

018519   Tarafder N (Textile Consultant, , Kolkata) : Eco safe natural dyes & application on textile materials. Man Made Text India 2009, 52(10), 355-61.

Deals with various application of natural dyes on substrates such as cotton silk and nylon. Different properties such as colour fastness, rubbing fastness and light fastness were evaluated and compared with the conventional dye textile materials.

1 table, 14 ref

018518   Saravanak Kumar T;Udgire M;Nadiger G S (NO, , ) : How to save the ozone layer? - role of textile industry. Man Made Text India 2009, 52(12), 417-20.

The depletion of ozone layer is the major concern of the day and steps need to be initiated to address this issue. The article reviews the causes of depletion of ozone layers with respect to the textile processing industry and offers the solutions to be implemented for phasing out of a key factor causing this problem, viz., Carbon Tetra Chloride (CTC).

1 illus, 3 tables

018517   Saini S (The Synthetic & Art Mills' Research Association, , Sasmira Marg, Worli, Mumbai-400 030) : Humudification: key to efficiency in textile mills. Man Made Text India 2009, 52(9), 307-11.

Textile fibres are sensitive to moisture making it necessary to control the environmental humidity while processing the textile materials. The control on relative humidity is important for both hygroscopic as well as hydrophobic fibres. The paper highlights the various present day methods for controlling humidity while textile processing and also gives the guidelines for maximum efficiency of humidification plant. The modern day requirement is not just humidification but Total Air Control, the requirements of which are also depicted in the paper.

4 tables, 3 ref

018516   Sahu P B (Techfab India Industries Ltd., , Mumbai) : Geosynthetics: backbone of strong infrastructure. Man Made Text India 2009, 52(12), 425-31.

Urbanization and industrialization has lead to concentration of human settlement at urban centers, which are the hub of the commercial activities. This has led to the scarcity of land for the further development in these areas. To match the increasing human population, urbanization and industrialization there is urgent requirement for the construction of highest quality infrastructure in the varying topographical conditions. This demands the use of new techniques for construction which will be faster and economical. The uses of geosynthetics in various civil engineering projects are simple, rapid and cost effective. This paper describes various geosynthetic products and their diverse applications in the construction industry.

13 illus, 4 tables, 14 ref

018515   Rekha R;Sudam A (The Synthetic & Art Silk Mills' Research Associations, , Sasmira Marg, Worli, Mumbai-400 030) : Bamboo: green and breathable natural fiber. Man Made Text India 2009, 52(11), 397-401.

With the growing demand for more comfortable, healthier and environment friendly products, efforts in R & D activities in textile industry have focused on the utilization of renewable and bio-degradable resources as well as environmentally sound manufacturing processes in textiles. Bamboo fibre is one of them, which has been known from several years, however their applications were meagre. Nowadays, bamboo concerns people closely in their everyday life and plays an important role in society economic construction. While recently, it is a new topic for discussion in the application of bamboo resource that natural bamboo fiber can be used to spin and weave. In this respect, the present article gives an overview about the bamboo fibres.

1 illus, 1 table, 5 ref

018514   Parthasarathi V (Fashion Technology Dep, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore-641 004) : Lean rational for textiles. Man Made Text India 2009, 52(10), 347-50.

Focuses on lean manufacturing, its principles, and objectives that can implemented by companies as a competitive business strategy.

5 illus, 5 ref