007915   Aggarwal A;Singh M;Chopra R C (Dairy Cattle Physiology Div, NDRI, Karnal, Haryana, Email: anj8204@yahoo.co.in) : Comparative study of cooling by mist-fan and wallowing on mineral profile of Murrah buffaloes during summer. Indian J Dairy Sci 2007, 60(5), 371-3.

Study was carried out on 12 lactating Murrah buffaloes during early lactation of 50-70 days at the Institute herd during extreme summer. Experimental buffaloes were kept under mist and fan (group I) or allowed to wallow in a pond from 11.00 A.M. to 4.00 P.M. daily (group II). Blood and milk samples were collected from both the groups on periods 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 & 7 (at 3-day interval) and levels of Ca, P, Fe, Cu and Zn were estimated. The levels of Ca, P, Cu and Zn in milk were not significantly different in both the groups. In plasma also, the levels of Ca, P, Cu and Zn were not significantly different between groups, however, milk Fe varied (P<60>0.01) between groups. The study indicated that mineral levels were not significantly different under mist + fan and wallowing.

^ssc1 table, 12 ref

005894   Srivastava M P;Jain M;Pan S K;Mukherjee S K (NO, R&D Centre for Iron & Steel Sail, Ranchi-834 002) : Beneficiation studies for enrichment of the overburden of Meghahatuburu iron ore mines. Steel India 2006, 29(1), 16-20.

In order to meet the stringent norms of iron ore quality, a cut-off grade of 58 % Fe is used at the Meghahatuburu iron ore mines of Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL), Run-of-mine containing less than 58% Fe is considered as overburden and it is being dumped aside. With a view to utilization of huge quantity of this overburden material accumulated at the mines over the years, test work was undertaken at our laboratories for the development of a suitable beneficiation scheme that would ensure a product of acceptable grade at a good yield value. Laboratory investigations were carried out using as received ore that contained 56.8% Fe, 2.27 % SiO₂ and 5.46% Al₂O₃. This sample was crushed to less than 6mm size for test purposes. It was found that by processing the 6x 0.5 mm size fraction of the overburden material in a jig, the quality of this size fraction could be upgraded from (58.92 % Fe, 1.83 % SiO₂ and 4.57% A1₂O3 ) to about ( 61.35 % Fe, 1.64 % SiO₂ and 3.40 % A1₂O₃ ), with a yield value of 57.01% ( which corresponds to an overall yield of 34.1%). Processing of the - 0.5 mm size fraction through hydrocyclone and high intensity magnetic separators did not give good results.

2 illus, 4 tables, 4 ref

005893   Singh Y;Verma A K;Selvan S T;Chaudhuri S; Singh A K P (NO, R&D Centre for Iron & Steel Sail, Ranchi-834 002) : On-line acid heating system for pickling of steel at Bokaro steel plant. Steel India 2006, 29(1), 43-6.

At Bokaro Steel Plant (BSL), fresh mother liquor used to be pumped from Block of Chemicals (BOC) to the pickling line <35> 1 at ambient temperature to make up for the loss of acid concentration. This was leading to a decrease in the acid bath temperature for about 3 hours in each shift. Consequently, there was a decrease in the line speed from 2.2 to 1.5 m/s during mother liquor charging. A shell and tube type heat-exchanger was designed and commissioned for on-line heating of mother liquor coming from Block of Chemicals (BOC) to pickling tank <35> 5 for increasing incoming mother liquor temperature from ambient to 60-65 C during mother liquor charging. This has led to improuement in process line speed from 1.5 to 2.0m/s during mother liquor addition and from 1.8 to 2.2 m/s during the remaining period.

3 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

005892   Singh A P;Rath S;Sengupta P P;Sinha G K; Krishna B (NO, R&D Centre for Iron & Steel, Sail, Ranchi-834 002) : Model based optimisation of processing parameters for production of thinner gauge coils at Rourkela steel plant. Steel India 2006, 29(1), 1-6.

From the point of view of weight reduction and energy saving, there is a strong demand for thinner gauge coils (≤ 2 mm) and for cold rolled sheets (≤ 0.25 mm). The problems related to the rolling process such as securing the desired entry and finish rolling temperatures, meeting dimensional requirements and mill limitations have prevented the realization of such products. It was thought that by optimizing the steel chemistry, thermal and reduction regimes and transfer bar thickness in the Hot Strip Mill, production of thinner gauge coils can be realised. A mathematical model was developed which can predict the temperature profile along the rolling line with given dropout temperature, rolling load and torque at different roughing and finishing stands for specified reduction regimes. Thermal and reduction regimes were optimized for production of 1.8 mm thick coil based on the mathematical model. An excellent agreement between the predicted mill parameters and those measured during plant experimentation was achieved. The predicted mill parameters were under the mill limits.

3 tables, 6 ref

005891   Satish Kumar D;Ghorui P K;Mazumdar D;Yadav U S;Madhu Ranjan (NO, , JSW Steel Ltd., Toranagallu, Karnataka) : On-line prediction and control of superheat for continuous casting of steel. Steel India 2006, 29(1), 7-15.

Temperature of the liquid steel is the most important parameter for continuous casting. It requires a stringent superheat control. Higher temperature results in a lower caster speed and poor quality. Lower temperature causes nozzle blockage and skull losses. This necessitates a prior knowledge of the superheat requirement. Superheat requirement depends on the ladle condition, which in turn depends on conductive heat transfer behavior of ladle. A real time model for prediction of temperature of the steel supplied to the caster has been developed based on the prediction of the ladle condition . The model has been put to online use. It provides results before the movement of the ladle and allows teeming of full ladle at the desired temperature with optimum superheat in the tundish for a defect free casting. The adjustment technique incorporated in the model simulates the actual ladle condition for subsequent conductive heat loss calculations. A good agreement between the model predicted and actual temperature values was obtained. Continuous use of the model has helped in reducing deviations in the superheat at the caster. This paper discusses the formulation and development of the model, validation of the model using actual, plant data, and the performance of the model during its continuous use at JSW Steel Ltd.

6 illus, 8 ref

005890   Prasanna Kumar Y;King P;Prasad V S R K (Dep of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530 003) : Kinetic studies on nitrate leaching of metal values from ferro manganese slag. Indian J envir Prot 2007, 27(3), 241-4.

The ferromonganese slag from Ferro Alloy Corporation (FACOR, sriramnagar, A.P.) contains about 20-25% MnO and were leached using aqueous nitric acid solutions. The slag also contains about 1% MgO and was also leached along with manganese. The conditions for chemical control were estblished by conducting experiments at various stirring speeds and found that the system is under chemical control beyond 500 rpm. The kinetic study of the reactions under chemical condition indicated the leaching rates were found to increase with increase in aqueous acid concentration and also increase in temperature. Finally empirical correlations were proposed to evaluate rate of leaching of both manganese and magnesium under chemical control conditions.

4 illus 11 ref

005889   Pradhan A;Pradhan M K;Patnaik G C;Kundu A L; Sinha S (NO, , Rourkela Steel Plant, Sail, Rourkela-769 011) : Hot metal desulphurisation using CaC₂ and MgAl at Rourkela steel plant. Steel India 2006, 29(1), 55-60.

The sulphur content of the hot metal supplied to the Steel Melting Shop-II of Rourkela Steel Plant ranges from 0.040% to 0.080%, with an average temperature of 1260°C. Till recently, external desulphurisation of hot metal was being carried out using CaC₂ This approach to desulphurisation was not found to be quite effective. Moreover, it was time consuming and, hence, not commensurate with the demand for high production of low sulphur steel. Therefore, an attempt was made to try a MgAl based compound for desulphurisation. This paper presents the results of the trials carried out with MgAl based compound, which, in respect of cost of reagent , average temperature drop and average treatment time, were found to be quite superior to those obtained using CaC₂(2.64 vs. 3.60 Rs./ton; 11.5 vs. 17 °C ; 7.3 vs. 12.2 min., respectively.

7 illus, 3 tables, 6 ref

005888   Parthasarathy G;Manorama S V (NO, National Geographical Research Institute, Hyderabad 500 007, Email: gpsarathy@ngri.res.in) : Novel method for synthesizing nano-crystalline MgTiO₃geikielite. Bull Mater Sci 2007, 30(1), 19-21.

Reports for the first time a novel method of preparing nano-crystalline metatitanate, MgTiO₃ geikielite, with crystalline size varying from 20-40 nm. the preparation has been carried out by coprecipitation method involving titanium hydroxide and magnesium nitrate solution. The samples were characterized by using transmission electron microscopic, powder XRD and FT-IR spectroscopic studies. The sample annealed at 900 K for 2 h show ten X-ray diffraction peaks corresponding to the pure geikielite phase. FT-IR spectra of the nano-crystalline geikielite exhibit strong broad vibrational bands near 1000, 650 and 470 cm^-1 arising from normal vibrations of the tiO₃ group.

3 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

005887   Mukherjee T K (NO, R &D Centre for Iron, & Steel Sail, Ranchi-834 002) : Non-isothermal reduction kinetics of blast furnace coke. Steel India 2006, 29(1), 33-7.

Coke, during its descent inside the blast furnace, passes through an increasing temperature gradient. During this period , reaction of coke with CO₂ (carboxy reaction) follows non-isothermal kinetics as far as the reaction rate is concerned. In this paper, the reactivity of coke with oxygen and air has been compared with that observed for the carboxy reaction. An effort has been made to simulate the non-isothermal reaction kinetics by employing horizontal moving boat technique under controlled atmosphere of oxygen, air and carbon-dioxide in the temperature range of 700 to 1100 °C. Reaction rate, activation energy, and its correlation with other conventional properties like proximate analysis, micum and CRI-CSR indices have been established for evaluating optimum blend for BF coke making. Fraction of coke reacted versus temperature rise has been plotted (f-t plot) for coke obtained from carbonization of several blends in a 300 kg. pilot coke oven. From f-t plot, it has been possible to compare the reactivity of coke samples of different coals and coal blends. Differences in the rate of reaction between coke carbon with carbon dioxide and oxygen/air have been proposed to form the main basis for selection of a coal for coke making and its effective utilization in the blast furnace.

3 illus, 5 tables, 3 ref

005886   Kundu A L;Dash P K;Rai B;Ranade S; Suryaprakash H (NO, , Rourkela Steel Plant, Sail, Rourkela-769 011) : Use of sponge iron in a blast furnace at Rourkela steel plant. Steel India 2006, 29(1), 21-5.

Blast furnaces need good quality of coke with uninterrupted supply. During February 2004, shortage of coking coal at Rourkela Steel Plant (RSP) resulted in acute decline in coke production. A decision was taken to use sponge iron in blast furnaces to take care of coke rate and production during the period of crisis. Highlights the impact of different operating parameters on the use of sponge iron in Blast Furnace <35> 3 of RSP. An attempt has also been made to explain the important benefits of the process adopted.

3 tables, 10 ref

005885   Gupta N;Sen S K (NO, , NIFFT, Hatia, Ranchi-834 003) : Effect of hot forging on spheroidization of medium carbon steels. Steel India 2006, 29(1), 26-32.

Effect of hot deformation (forging) on spheroidization of 0.34% C and 0.48% C steels was studied. 'As cast' bars were heated to 930°C± 10°C (soaked for 15 minutes) and forged within 20°C below A_cl temperature. With increase in prior hot forging reduction the spheroidization time was found to decrease. Steel with higher carbon percentage showed higher rate of spheroidization . For 0.48% C Steel with no deformation and 60% deformation, 45% and 90% spheroidization took place after 12 hrs tempering at 710°C. Hot deformation leads to excess carbon vacancy complexes. Due to creation of excess vacancies rate of diffusion of carbon increases and thus rate of spheroidization increases in hot deformed bars.

7 illus, 3 tables, 22 ref

005884   Ghosh S K;Karmakar D;Maini P K;Mukerjee D; Bhattacharya S K (NO, R&D Centre for Iron & Steel Sail, Ranchi-834 002) : Evaluation of thin walled hollow and concrete filled structural steel sections as compression members. Steel India 2006, 29(1), 38-42.

Thin walled hollow sections with or without concrete core appear to be economic as well as aesthetic alternative to the conventional compression members like columns made up of reinforced cement concrete or hot rolled steel sections. This paper attempts to look into the working of these sections for studying their suitability for use as compression members. Information available based on theoretical work needs corroboration by experimental results. Some of the findings of the experimental work carried out by RDCIS in this context are presented here. The results of these experiments go on to prove the suitability and efficiency of such sections for general use as compression members under normal condition.

5 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

005883   Bhattacharya A K;Sarkar S;Chattaraj B D; Banerjee A;Mukherjee H (NO, R&D Centre for Iron & Steel Sail, Ranchi-834 002) : Self-flow castable lining for soaking pit cover. Steel India 2006, 29(1), 47-30.

In steel plants, soaking pits are used for heating blooms and ingots for ultimate rolling to billets. At the Alloy Steels Plant, Durgapur, the pit cover lined with the conventional shape refractories was found to give . a campaign life of maximum one year, with 6-7 partial repairs. This led to frequent pit shut down. As a result, the productivity of the blooming mill was adversely affected. In order to have a trouble free operation, three years back it was decided to install a monolithic castable lining with the self-flow castable. Since then, the pit covers are running without any disruption. In addition to a fuel saving of 3% and significant reduction in labour involvement, refractory consumption has decreased and pit cover availability has increased.

2 illus, 3 tables, 5 ref

005882   Bandyopadahyay P K;Ray S K;Sinha V K (NO, R&D Centre for Iron & Steel Sail, Ranchi-834 002) : Effect of heat treatment variables on structure and properties of austempered ductile iron. Steel India 2006, 29(1), 51-4.

Experiments were carried out on a laboratory scale to develop austempered ductile iron. The ductile iron samples were austenitised at 880°C for one hour, and subsequently austempered in salt bath furnaces at 280°C, 330°C and 400°C for two hours. The results were found to be very encouraging. The ultimate tensile strength improved remarkably by three fold (from 48 to 144 kg/mm²) with substantial elongation (7.85%). Outlines the role of heat treatment variables on the evolution of microstructure, and consequent effect on strength and toughness.

5 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

004879   Venkatathri N (Catalysis Div, , NCL, Pune-411 008, Email: venkatathrin@yahoo.com) : Synthesis and MASNMR characterization of VPI-5 molecular sieve. Asian J Chem 2007, 19(1), 347-53.

The synthesized VPI-5 sample was characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR, TG/DTA, ²⁷Al, ³¹P and 3Q MASNMR techniques, which shows that the sample was highly crystalline. Carbon and nitrogen analysis reveals that the sample contains no template molecules; however, TG/DTA analysis shows the presence of physisorbed template molecules. MASNMR results show the presence of two different types of aluminium and phosphorus, 3Q MASNMR shows the presence of two types of environmentally different tetrahedral aluminium, which are not observable by ordinary MASNMR along with known octahedral aluminium.

6 illus, 1 table, 22 ref

004878   Singh P;Tanwar V K;Sunil Kumar;Singh K P (Livestock Products Technology Dep, College of Veterinary Science & An, Narendra Deva Univ Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad-224 229) : Effect of storage temperatures on the physico-chemical, sensory and microbiological quality of rasogolla. Indian J Dairy Sci 2007, 60(1), 19-24.

Study was undertaken to evaluate the effecr of different storage temperatures on the physico-chemical, sensory and microbiological qualities of rasogolla. The rasogolla were packed in U. V. treated polyethylene pouches and stored at refrigeration temperature (4°C), room temperature (5-20°C) and 37°C for 30 days, 9 days and 6 days, respectively. Study revealed a significant (P< 0.01) decrease in pH values whereas increase in soluble nitrogen content, free fatty acids and thiobarbituric acid values in all the samples stored at different temperatures as compared to control with the advancement of storage period. Total plate count of rasogolla was 2.735 log c.f.u./gm at 0 day of storage which increased up to 5.287, 6.319 and 8.824 log c.f.u./gm on 30, 9 and 6 days at refrigeration temperature, room temperature and at 37°C, respectively. Coliform were not detected during the entire period of storage study. Rasogolla were acceptable up to 18, 6 and 3 days at refrigeration temperature, room temperature and at 37°C, respectively.

11 illus, 1 table, 19 ref

004877   Sharma V;Darshan Lal;Sharma R (Dairy Chemistry Div, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132 001, Email: vishk12000@yahoo.com) : Color based platform test for the detection of vegetable oils/fats in ghee. Indian J Dairy Sci 2007, 60(1), 16-18.

Colour based test reportedly revealed that the ghee, it adulterated with vegetable oils/ fats to the level of 5-7.5% gives an orange brown tinge in the upper solvent layer. A thin layer chromatography of unsaponifiable matter of pure ghee, in comparison with ghee adulterated with vegetable oils/fats showed an additional band with rf value higher than that of cholesterol/phytosterol. Also the admixture of pure ghee, vegetable oils and animal body fat gave a positive colour test showing thereby that presence of animal body fat did not interfere with the said test. Such a colour test, being simple and rapid would hopefully cater to the needs of Diary Industry.

1 illus, 2 tables, 5 ref

004876   Patel R;Patel N;Patel K C (Chemistry Dep, Veer Narmad South Gujarat Univ, Surat-395 007, Email: profkcp_sgu@yahoo.co.in) : Synthesis and properties of acid dyes derived from 4,4'-methylene bis(2,5-dichloro aniline). Asian J Chem 2007, 19(1), 149-54.

Various acid dyes have been prepared by coupling diazotized 4,4'-meth-ylene-bis-(2,5-dichloro aniline) with various coupling components and their dyeing performance on silk, wool and nylon fibres has been assessed. All the dyes gave a wide range of shades with very good depth and levelness on each fibre. The purity of all the dyes has been checked by thin layer chromatography. The 1R spectra showed all characteristic bands and representative dye PMR spectra showed all the signals. The percentage dye-bath exhaustion and fixation on different fibres was reasonably good and acceptable. The dyed fibres showed fair to excellent fastness to light, washing and rubbing.

3 tables, 14 ref

004875   Patel A L;Patel N B;Patel B M;Patel K C (Chem Dep, Veer Narmad South Gujarat Univ, Surat-395 007) : Synthesis, characterization and application of hot brand reactive dyes on various fibres. Asian J Chem 2007, 19(1), 67-72.

Various hot brand reactive dyes have been synthesized by coupling tetrazotized 4,4'-methylene bis-2,5-dichloroaniline with various m-toluidino cyanurated coupling components and their dyeing performance has been assessed on silk, wool and cotton fibres. The purity of the dyes was checked by thin layer chromatography. The 1R spectra showed all characteristic bands and the representative dye PMR spectra showed all the signals.

3 tables, 8 ref

004874   Ojha P;Singh K N;Mishra P K;Tripathi S P (Chem Dep, S.G.R.P.G. College, Dobhi, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh) : Removal of omega chrome red (me) from textile effluent at different concentration by coal. Acta Cienc Indica-Chem 2007, 33(1), 5-8.

A wide variety of inorganic and organic pollutants are present in textile effluent. The dyeing (colouring) process involves some modifiers (like K₂Cr₂O₇ N₂SO₄ etc.) of metallic dyes are being used at large scale in textiles industries. The modifiers help in sharpening the colouring (dying) process. These chemicals with residual dyes come out in significant quantity as such in effluent and can create toxicity and maximum problem.

1 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

004873   Narwade S G;Bhosale D N;Patange D D;Londhe G K;Patil G R (NO, Aditya Agriculture College, Beed, Email: patange1@rediffmail.com) : Effect of processing conditions and appeal enhancement factors on quality of Pedha. Indian J Dairy Sci 2007, 60(1), 12-15.

In order to improve the sensory quality of pedha (khoa based sweet), effect of different processing variables like stage of sugar addition, type and speed of stirrer, colour and flavour materials and their levels were studied. The overall acceptability of the pedha was significantly superior when sugar was added just before pat formation stage. Use of wooden stirrer with its specific shape produced soft, moist body and velvety texture to pedha as against hard body with sticky texture, when mild stirrer was used. Moreover, the body and texture scores and overall acceptability increased significantly (P<60> 0.05) with increasing speed of stirrer 1120 rpm). Addition of lemon yellow colour @ 0.05% enhanced the colour and appearance of the product considerably, while addition of 0.02% cardamom and 0.3% nutmeg was found to be flavour-wise most acceptable.

5 tables, 7 ref

004872   Kazemzadeh A (NO, Materials & Energy Research Centre, P.O. Box 14155-4777 Tehran, Iran, Email: asg642001@yahoo.com) : Determination of molybdenum (VI) by optical sensing film and flow injection analysis. Asian J Chem 2007, 19(1), 426-34.

Optical flow-through cell detector with incorporated transparent chemosensitive layer of Nile blue has been applied in simple, double-channel flow-injection system for food, environmental and industrial analysis. The reductant analyte converts the Nile blue based sensing layer to colourless form and the attendant colour change is used for sensing. Discoloration of the film is spectrophotometrically at 582 nm wevelength. The flow injection system has been successfully used for selective determination of molybdenum(VI). This detector was fabricated by binding Nile blue to a cellulose acetate film that had previously been subjected to an exhaustive base hydrolysis. The membrane has good durability (<62> 7 months) and a short response time (<60> 12 s). Molybdenum(VI) can be determined for the range 0.02-3.40 μg ml/L^-1 with 3σ detection limits of 7 ng mL^-1. The method is easy to perform and uses acetylcellulose as a carrier. The reagents used for activating the cellulose support are inexpensive, non-toxic and widely available.

4 illus, 4 tables, 15 ref

004871   Gowri Sankar D;Joy Babu P;Anil Kumar B;Vamsi Krishna M (Pharmaceutical Sciences Dep, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam-530 003) : RP-HPLC method for the estimation of rosuvastatin calcium in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Acta Cienc Indica-Chem 2007, 33(1), 1-4.

A simple, rapid, and precise isocratic Reversed phase HPLC method has been developed for the estimation of Rosuvastatin calcium in bulk and in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The separation was achieved on a reversed phase C₁₈ column (250 x 4.6 mm ID) using with a mobile phase comprising of water and acetonitrile (pH 3.0 adjusted with phosphoric acid) in the ratio of (48: 52 v/v) containing 0.30% of triethylamine. The mobile phase was pumped at a flow rate of 1 mL/min with UV detection at 245 nm. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 5.0 -30 μg/mL with a coefficient of correlation 0.9999. Due to its high precision and accuracy, the proposed HPLC method is useful for determining Rosuvastatin calcium in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms.

1 illus, 3 tables, 4 ref

004870   Alizadeh E (Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Sciences, Guilan Univ, P.O. Box 1914, Rasht, Iran, Email: homayoon152000@yahoo.com) : Influence of trace elements in cemented carbide production. Asian J Chem 2007, 19(1), 10-26.

Trace elements ranging between 10 and 200 ppm, added to tungsten blue oxide prior to reduction, appear to have a considerable influence on the reduction kinetics and properties of tungsten powders. Marked effects on the grain growth, shape and size of the tungsten crystallites, the Scott density, the grain size distribution and the degree and solidity of agglomerations can be observed even though the impurity elements are partially volatilized during reduction. In order to determine the effects of interactions between impurities, powders containing more than one trace element at a time were tested. The amount of impurity elements present in tungsten powders after reduction can be further reduced by a carburization reaction. The final concentration of impurities remaining in the tungsten carbide after carburization of the tungsten powder depends on the nature of the element and, of the chemical compound added as well as on the time and temperature of the heating cycle. Distinct influences of the trace impurities on the grain growth and on the properties of tungsten carbide powder were observed. In tungsten carbide powders, grain size and grain size distribution, as well as the size of the single crystalline domains within the polycrystalline tungsten carbide grains, are influenced by impurities. The oxygen content and milling behaviour of the powder also depend on foreign elements, even though their concentration is very low in most cases after carburization. Impurities also appear to have a remarkable influence on the grain growth of tungsten carbide crystals during liquid phase sintering in molten cobalt and consequently on the final structure of cemented carbides.

20 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

004360   Venkattakumar R;Ramana Rao S V;Pademaiah M; Hedge D M (Directorate of Oilseeds Research, , Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030) : Productivity potentials and profitability of non-monetary, low-cost and cost-effective oilseeds production technologies. J Oilseed Res 2009, 26(2), 140-7.

Annual oilseeds support the livelihood earnings of 14 million farmers, majority of them are small and marginal in the arid and semi-arid eco-systems of the country, while one million are involved in processing of oilseeds and oils. The annual oilseed production of the country is faced with high degree of variation, as nearly 76% of the oilseeds area is under rainfed conditions and therefore subjected to uncertainties of moisture availability. Low relative comparative advantage, lower productivity and rainfed prone nature of oilseeds crops and the alarming increase in domestic oil demand, thrust upon the delineation of non-monetary, low-cost and cost-effective oilseeds production technologies for popularization among the oilseed growers. The delineation was done through ex post-facto analysis on secondary data pertaining to frontline demonstrations (FLDs) in annual oilseed crops conducted under Technology Mission on Oilseeds (TMOP) and Integrated Scheme on Oilseeds, Pulses, Oil palm and Maize (ISOPOM). The non-monetary technologies demonstrated through frontline demonstrations, resulted in seed yield increase, ranging from 19 to 50% whereas, the low-cost technologies from 22 to 24%. The demonstration of cost-effective technologies resulted in seed yield increase ranging from 9 to 63%. In the present scenario of oilseeds cultivation in the country, popularization of these proven non-monetary, low-cost and cost-effective oilseeds production technologies to the resource poor oilseed growers, will help them to get remunerative and sustainable yield as well as economic returns.

4 tables, 11 ref

004359   Varshney J G;Choudhury P P (NO, Directorate of Weed Science Research, Maharajpur, Jabalpur-482 004, Email: varshneyjg@gmail.com) : Food security in environmental crisis : shifting towards safer weed management. SATSA Mukhapatra 2010, 14, 61-74.

Agriculture is at the cross-roads of food production for the billions vis-a-vis environmental protection for conserving the biodiversity. Both are be to secured. The biggest challenge on the earth is to increase the crop production. Agricultural pests are the main obstacles to achieve higher crop production. Only the weed infestation alone restricts the production in the range of about 65% of potential yield. Synthetic herbicides are managing to check the loss as manual weed management is becoming more expensive due to urbanization. As continuous use of old generation herbicides may pose environmental crisis by targeting non-targets, there is a need for safer alternatives. It may be of biological origin; or low-dose low-toxic synthetic herbicides, or other devices. In fact, a shift gradually occurs ourselves towards these safer alternatives along with proper translation of innovation amongst farmers.

3 illus, 5 tables, 36 ref

004358   Dongguang L;Yanli Z;Lei Z (NO, Chemistry and Chemical School, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450052, China, Email: li_dg@126.com) : Synthesis and adsorption property of hypercross-linked sorbent. J scient ind Res 2009, 68(1), 52-6.

Novel hypercross-linked fiber sorbent (HFS) was prepared by cross-linking polypropylene grafted styrene-divinylbenzene (PP-ST-DVB) fiber with p-xylylenedichloride using Friedel-Crafts (F-C) reaction. A series of synthesis tests were conducted and effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, catalyst type, and material ratio on F-C reaction were investigated. Compared with PP-ST-DVB fiber, HFS has an excellent adsorption capacity for benzene vapor. Adsorption equilibrium for benzene vapor on HFS was measured at 298, 323 and 348K by a static volumetric technique. Isosteric heat curve, derived from equilibrium data, indicated that HFS has an energetically heterogeneous surface. HFS showed faster adsorption rate and higher adsorption capacity than that of PP-ST-DVB fiber.

5 illus, 3 tables, 14 ref

004357   Bhadarge H H;Wankhede D B;Ismail S (Food Chemistry & Nutrition Dep, College of Food Technology, M.A.U., Parbhani-431 402) : Synergestic interactions of native and modified guar galactomannan gum with cereal and legume starches. J Arid Legume 2009, 6(1), 47-8.

Studies on the synergestic interactions of native and modified guar galactomannan with the starcªhes from cereal and arid legumes were investiªgated. The results on pasting behavior of starch paste of cereals such as wheat, maize and sorghum (10%, WN) revealed that the pasting temperature was found to affect. The peak viscosities of the above starches exhibited considerable increase. Further it was observed that the consistency of the synergestic paste was lowered considerably as compared to native starches during the heating at isothermal temperature of 95°C for 30 min. The amylographic data on viscosity profile also. revealed that the pasting temperatures were slightly increased in the starches of arid legumes specially moth bean, horse gram and cowpea. The pasting behaviour of the arid legume starches with and without incorporation of native and modified guar gum has been investigated and results are presented in the present communication.

4 tables, 7 ref

004356   Abdalla A F M (Food Science Dep, Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha and Vice Dean, Fa, Alexandria University, Egypt, Email: aemabdalla@yahoo.com) : Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oils extracted from Egyptian medicinal plants and effect on oxidative stability of soybean oil in storage. Med Pl 2010, 2(2), 79-89.

Ancient Egyptian culture clearly documented their use of medicinal plants in their hieroglyphic records which are being used as pharmaceutical ingredients, and in food supplementation. Several medicinal plants have been reported to exhibit antioxidant activity. The study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition of essential oils extracted from Egyptian artemisia, juniper, rosemary, sage and thyme and investigate their antioxidant activities in different test systems as well as in soybean oil. The results showed that rosemary, sage and thyme extracts had the highest amount of polyphenols. Essential oils from medicinal plants were found to contain 25 - 30 components at different concentrations. Camphor, α-thujene and artemisia ketone were the major components of artemisia, α-Pinene and β-phellandrene of the juniper, camphor, α-terpineol and 1,8-cineole of the rosemary, αthujene and camphor of the sage and carvacrol and p-cymene of the thyme. Generally, rosemary, sage and thyme essential oils showed highest antioxidative activities in test systems and were found to be the most effective in retarding the oxidation of soybean oil under both accelerated (60°C for 18 days) and ambient temperatures (22 ± 2°C for 180 days). Antioxidative activities of different essential oils could be related to their polyphenol contents and chemical composition.

2 illus, 4 tables, 70 ref

003276   Sinha A (NO, Par-ferrocoatings (P) Ltd, Koldata-700 046) : Powder coating. Indian Sci Cruiser 2009, 23(3), 46-52.

Polymer based modern materials used as powder coatings and paints & their ingredients used in them are described.

003275   Singh R;Mandal S K (Biochemical Engineering and Food Technology Dep, Harcourt Butler Technological Institute, Kanpur-208 002, Email: ranjeet_hbti@rediffmail.com) : Absorption process for biogas purification and filling into cylinders for using as a transport fuel. Ecol Envir Conserv 2009, 15(1), 61-6.

The development of biogas purification and filling system for production of methane enriched biogas, which will substitute fossil fuel like petrol, diesel, LPG and CNG used in transport vehicles. Biogas can be used in automobiles after its purification (removing carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and moisture present in it). A chemical purification and filling technology is developed at Kanpur gaushala society, Kanpur, based on chemical absorption of carbon dioxide in concentrated sodium hydroxide solution (15%). The purification system is able to remove carbon dioxide (97.7% v/v) from biogas by passing into the scrubber and spraying concentrated sodium hydroxide solution from top of the scrubber in counter current action. Methane enriched biogas is passed through second scrubber where hydrogen sulfide is absorbed (100% v/v) by iron oxide, then this biogas is passed through silica gel column to remove moisture by absorption, and the purified biogas is finally stored in reservoir which is joined by a three - stage compressor for filling in steel cylinders (as used in CNG filling). The methane enriched biogas cylinders are tested as a fuel in Maruti van successfully.

1 illus, 3 tables, 9 ref

003274   Sharangdhar S T;Koli J M;Joshi V P;Patange S B (NO, , Tryambak Sudha-1844, Behind Swami Samarth Mangal Karyalaya, Nachane, Ratnagiri) : Development of prawn pickles. Ecol Envir Conserv 2009, 15(1), 167-8.

The pathogenic microorganism initially in raw material is seen destroyed on frying in oil. On storage up to six months, the bacterial qualities of both fish and prawn pickles have been good. The Prawn pickle has been found to remain in good condition up to six-month storage period. The pickle prepared from prawn is acceptable for human consumption up to six month by organoleptically and microbiologically.

2 tables, 8 ref

003273   Sawant A A;Gajakos A V (NO, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dr. B.S. Kokan Kri, Dapoli, Ratnagiri, Maharastra) : Pulsed light method of food preservation. Int J agric Engng 2009, 1(2), 153-6.

The demand for high quality food products is growing rapidly these days. A natural taste and a fresh-like quality as well as safety of food are highly appreciated. In an effort to meet these demands, different non-thermal food preservation techniques are being developed. Pulsed light is one of the mild preservation techniques that can meet these criteria. A system generating light pulses consists the power unit and the lamp. The power unit generates high voltage to charge a capacitor. Once it is charged, a high voltage switch discharges the energy from the capacitor to the lamp, which energizes the lamp and is converted to broadband white light pulse. Each pulse lasts for 1 millisecond to few milliseconds. Although the peak power is very high the process is relatively economical compared to conventional sterilization processes due to the very short processing times. Although lot of research and further development is needed, technology shows promise as prominent non-thermal method of food preservation.

4 illus, 5 ref

003272   Ramteke R T;Pawar S N;Solanki S N;Shinde R V (College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Marathwada Agricultural Univ, Parbhani, Maharastra) : Bio-diesel: an alternate fuel for I.C. engines. Int J agric Engng 2009, 1(2), 165-70.

There are many tree species which bear seeds rich in oil of these some promising tree species have been evaluated and it has been found that there are a number of them such as Jatropha curcas and Pongamia pinnata (Karanja) which would be very suitable in our conditions. In India it is estimated that cost of Bio-Diesel produced by trans-esterification of oil obtained from Jatropha Curacas oil-seed shall be approximately same as that of petrol-diesel. The cost of Bio-diesel varies between Rs. 16.59 to 14.98 per liter. Assumptions are that the seed containing 35% oil, oil extraction will be 91-92%, 1.05 kg of oil will be required to produce 1 kg of Bio-diesel, recovery from sale of glycerol will be at the rate of Rs. 40-60 per kg, the seed oil cake also yield biogas, which can be used for cooking and residue will be used as a compost. Hence oil cake will fetch good price. Glycerol is produced as a bye product in the trans-esterification of oil. These bye-products shall reduce the cost of Bio-diesel to make it at par with petroleum diesel with volotility in the price of crude. The use of biodiesel is economically feasible and a strategic option. Bio-diesel is domestically produced, renewable fuel that can be manufactured from vegetable oils, animal fats or recycled restaurant greases, bio-diesel is safe, biodegradable, and reduce serious air pollutants such as particulars, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and air toxics. Blends of 20% biodiesel with 80% petroleum diesel (B20) can generally be used in unmodified diesel engines, Bia-diesel can also be used in its pure form (B100) but it too may requires certain engine modifications to avoid maintenance and performance problem Raw material and its quality for production of biodiesel.

5 tables, 9 ref

003271   Naithani A K;Chhetri R B;Kathirvelu T (NO, ARC Poper Ltd, P.O. Sail-Khurd, Hashiarpur, Panjab) : Potential use of arundo donax as an alternate raw material in mix agro furnish for making chemical pulp. IPPTA Jl 2009, 21(2), 91-4.

Scarcity of raw material continue to be a paramount problem and associated with an unbearable cost burden as well Afforestation programmes, which are vital, are still very meagre and industry is required to look for agro residue and locally available grasses which have good fibre potential. Contrary to this the search for new and prospective sources of fibrous raw materials for making pulp, suitable for printing and writing grade paper is never ending. Arundo donax commonly known in India as Nara or Nada is spread over lower shivalik foothills across Punjab & Himachal border. This raw-material is evaluated for its pulp and paper-making potential to produce chemical pulp. Data on chemical constituents, fibre dimensions, bleached yield and physical strength properties of pulp sheets were obtained. The unbleached pulp yields under soda pulping process were 41 to 42.2% with 21 to 25 Kappa No. Laboratory handmade pulp sheets with adequate strength properties were obtained from soda pulp prepared from this raw material.

4 tables, 17 ref

003270   Naik B H;Bhardwaj N K;Ray A K (Paper Technology Dep, IITR, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur-247 001) : Statistical evaluation of the effect of refining on fibre charge of bagasse pulp. IPPTA Jl 2009, 21(2), 141-6.

The aim of this work was to study the influence of refining on various properties of bleached bagasse pulp such as freeness, specific surface area, specific volume, surface charge, total charge and paper properties. These parameters are quantitatively determined for pulp freeness levels between 225-430 ml CSF, which are important for approach flow, and wet end paper making operations. The results on refining conducted in PFI mill indicated that specific surface area and specific volume of the pulps as determined by permeability tester and water retention value (WRV) as determined by Centrifuge method increased with increased refining. The surface charge, as determined by particle charge detector using poly-DADMAC (poly diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride), also increased with refining. However, the total fibre charge, as determined by conductometric titration, is not affected by refining. The increases in specific surface area of pulps by refining resulted in a higher fibre surface charge and also better fibrefibre bonding. The experimental data are subjected to statistical regression analysis to develop linear univariate regression models, which are found to be accurate with regression coefficients, R², close to unity. The comparison of model predicted data and the experimental data shows an excellent agreement between them.

10 illus, 3 tables, ref

003269   Misirlilar R;Kinik O;Kesenkas H (Dairy Technolgy Dep, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege Univ, -351 00 Izmir, Turkey) : Effects of antifungal preservatives on set type yoghurt quality. Indian vet J 2009, 86(8), 823-7.

A study was undertaken to determine the effects of protective culture (Lactobacillus rhamnosus LC 705 and propionibacterium freudenreichii JS), nataniycin or propyl paraben on some chemical, physical and sensory properties of yoghurt and to observe viability of undesirable yeasts-moulds during storage at 4 ± 1°C up to 28 days. Based on chemical and physical characteristics studied, there were no impressive or negative effect originated from these preservatives. Moreover control samples had lower scores especially at the end of storage. The preservative supplemented yoghurts were protected from yeast and mould growth. The inhibitory action of protective culture against yeast and moulds was concentration dependent.

2 tables, 11 ref

003268   Lakshmipathi S R B;Manoj S R;Kumaraguru K (Chemical Technology Dep, Bharathidasn Univ, Tiruchirapalli-620 024) : Desilication of green liquor by two stage causticizing. IPPTA Jl 2009, 21(2), 103-5.

Deals with the efficient removal of silica from the green liquor and to make the resulting lime sludge suitable for rebuming. Generally non-wood fibrous raw materials contain nearly 10 times higher silica content when compared to wood based raw materials. In bagasse silica content is about 1.5-2.0%. In Kraft process it is converted into sodium silicate and enters into green liquor. Green liquor is the spent liquor from pulping process in the Paper manufacturing process, which can be reused by converting it into white liquor by Causticizing process by addition of lime. In this process the reacted lime can also be reused by calcination process in a lime kiln without any majorproblem, if the silica content of reacted lime sludge is low. In this process the lime is added in 2 stages as 25% in 1" stage and remaining 75% in the 2nd stage. The analyses of sludge and liquor samples are carried out at TNPL, Karur. From the results the percentage removal of silica in each stage is determined.

5 tables, ref

003267   Khetarpaul N;Goyal R (Foods and Nutrition Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004) : Blending of crude palm oil with other cooking oils as a source of beta-carotene for combating vitamin A deficiency. Indian J Nutr Diet 2009, 46(9), 378-85.

Crude palm oil was blended with other cooking oils viz. safflower oil and groundnut oil to get a recommended ideal fatty acid ratio and β-carotene rich oil blends. Crude palm oil contained 366.2 μg/g β-carotene whereas no β-carotene was noticed in safflower and groundnut oils. Blends of CPO: safflower oil (70:30) and CPO: groundnut oil (50:50) had 243.8 and 189.3 μg/g β-carotene, respectively. All the individual oils and their blends were used as frying medium for preparation of a traditional snack i.e. Sev. Sev samples prepared in CPO: safflower oil (70:30) and CPO: groundnut oil (50:50) blends were selected for feeding trial. After 40 days, a significant increase was observed by about 36 and 41 per cent in both the test groups over their initial values. Hence, it may be inferred from the present study that CPO is nutritionally safe and acceptable as cooking oil. Feeding of β-carotene rich Sev samples significantly improved the serum retinol level. As CPO is readily bioavailable and is a good source of provitamin A, there is need to create strategies to increase the use of CPO for combating vitamin A deficiency in developing countries.

5 tables, 14 ref

003266   Jayamohan V;Endlay N;Farid M;Panwar S;Mathur R M (NO, Cochin Minerals & Rutile Ltd, Alwaye, Kerala) : Ferrous chloride & hydrated titania - a cost effective option for treatment of mill effluent for colour & aox removal. IPPTA Jl 2009, 21(1), 149-54.

Inspite of the rapid advances in technology related to pollution abatement as well as environmental management, the pulp & paper mills in India are still in search of a suitable techno economically viable colour removal technique in order to address public concerns. Till this search ends the mills will have to continue to rely on chemical treatment for colour removal which is a common practice. The chemicals generally used for colour removal are Lime & Alum. In this perspective a product comprising of 20% Ferrous Chloride + 20gpl Hydrated Titania developed by Cochin Minerals & Rutile Ltd, Cochin was evaluated by CPPRI for its efficiency & merits as well as techno-economics in reducing colour both at lab scale and mill scale. The paper highlights the results & findings of lab scale & mill trials.

4 illus, 7 tables, ref

003265   Hannu R (NO, Viconsys Oy, Survonite 9, Fin-405 00, Jyvaskyla Finland) : New unified process and quality vision technology helps improving paper machine profitability. IPPTA Jl 2009, 21(3), 143-47.

Due to historical and technology evolutionary reasons there has been traditionally a WIS, Web Inspection System for paper defect detection, and WMS, Web Monitoring System for break and process analysis. There have been two completely different technologies, and even manufacturers have been separate corporates. Yet, a defect is an end of a long chain of events on the paper machine and actually it should be presented always as the whole, starting from birth and ending into reel. A web break is also a chain of events, exactly like a defect, it is just a bit more unfortunate story ending into a major process and production disturbance. Presentation will describe a new technology, where one system consisting of one uniform hardware and software, does Process (Web Break Analysis) and Quality (Web Inspection) Analysis totally integrated. Technology solution and resultsare presented. Also some totally new application areas, which so far have been unavailable, are presented.

10 illus, ref

003264   Dutt D;Tyagi C H;Upadhyaya J S;Mittal A (Paper Technology Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Sahranpur-247 001) : Oxygen delignification: an effective back-end modification to reuce pollution load and improve mechanical strength properties prior to bleaching. IPPTA Jl 2009, 21(2), 151-3.

Most of the Indian pulp and paper industry bleaches the pulp by conventional bleaching sequence (CEHH). The final discharge of the mill contributes to high COD load and AOX which is highly toxic in nature. The introduction of molecular O₂ before bleaching and reinforcement of alkali extraction stage with O₂ and H₂ (E_oe) in OC(Eop)HH bleaching sequence reduces the COD load by 40.58%, suspended solids by 24.74%, dissolved solids by 36.53%, total solids by 35.94%, AOX by 42.86% and chlorides by 34.69% than that of C(Ep)HH bkaehmg sequence with improvement in mechanical strength properties. The operating cost of OC(Eop)HH bleaching sequence is only Rs. 1275.00 per tonne of pulp more including the cost of bleaching chemicals compared to CEpHH bleaching sequence.

6 tables, 12 ref

003263   Dey A K;Srkar S;Dora K C;Chowdhary S;Bhargavi M (Fish Processing Technology Dep, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal Animal and Fishery Sciences U, Kolkata-700 094) : Effect of cryoprotectants on mud crab (Scylla serrata) meat during frozen storage. J appl Zool Res 2009, 20(2), 151-6.

In the study, the proximate, chemical and sensory qualities of raw mud crab (Scylla serrata) meat was analyzed. The meat was mixed with 4% sucrose, 4% sorbitol and 0.3% Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) and shelf life study was carried out for a period of 180 days in frozen storage (-20±2°C). The chemical qualities of both raw crab meat (control) and crab meat treated with cyoprotectants were statistically analysed and results showed that raw crab meat and cryoprotectant treated sample was acceptable till 120 days and 135 days, respectively during frozen storage period.

5 tables, 28 ref

003262   Das N;Dora K C;Chowdhury S (Processing Technology Dep, Animal and Fishery Science Univ, Kolkata, West Bengal-700 094) : Comparative evaluation of precooking methods for canning of catla (Catla catla). Indian J Nutr Diet 2009, 46(7), 290-7.

Precooking in canning removes the moisture from flesh and improves the texture of the product. Precooking affects both the chemical composition and the microbiological characteristics of the product. Generally the steam precooked can products have soft, tender and moist texture, while the fried can products have firm, fibrous and dry texture. During frying great changes occur in appearance, texture and flavor of the fish flesh due to high temperature and the product acquire new taste due to oil absorption. In this experiment, attempt was made to standardize the temperature and time combination for steam cooking as well as frying. The biochemical changes during above precooking processes were also studied. For steam cooked and fried products, the standardized temperature and time were 108.41 :C for 40 minutes and 160 C for six minutes respectively. All the canned products, irrespective of precooking methods gave organoleptically good products. However, degree of likeness varied for different products. Though crispness was the characteristic quality for fried fish, it was lost during the retorting of canned fried Catla. Frying was more efficient than steam precooking in controlling the amount of exudates to any desirable limit in the canned products.

5 tables, 9 ref

003261   Chakrabarty D (Polymer Science and Technology Dep, Calcutta Univesity, College of Technology, 92,Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata-700 009) : Polymers in packaging. Indian Sci Cruiser 2009, 23(3), 29-32.

003260   Chakrabarti A (John F Welch Technology Center, Sabic Innovative Plastics Program, GE, Global Research, Bangalore.) : Overview of mold flow and mold design principles. Indian Sci Cruiser 2009, 23(3), 33-9.

13 illus

003259   Binwant Kaur;Das D (Fashion Technology Dep, National Institute of Fashion Technology, Block LA, Plot 3B, Sector III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata-700 098) : Functional polymer for fashion apparel. Indian Sci Cruiser 2009, 23(3), 40-5.

2 tables, 28 ref

003258   Adhikari B (Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721302) : Polymers as hi-tech materials. Indian Sci Cruiser 2009, 23(3), 7-28.

Polymers have captured the top position in today's Hi-Tech devices by virtue of their light weight, low cost and superior performances. Invention of efficient catalysts and modern technological revolution has expanded the horizon of growth of polymer products from a limited area of petrochemical-based synthetic classical polymers. Although sustained efforts could successfully develop thermally and environmentally stable as well as strong polymers until early eighties but people started realizing the global problem of disposal of such non-biodegradable polymeric solid wastes. However, matured and intensive research has gifted today very high performance as well as biodegradable polymers, ranging from products for general purpose applications such as polymers in agriculture to highly specialized and sophisticated polymer products for biomedical engineering. Today electrically conducting polymers, viz., polyaniline, polacetylene etc., are considered as synthetic metals and have made outstanding contribution in various semiconductor devices and sensors. Photoconductive behaviour of poly (vinyl carbazole) has been exploited in today's photo-copying equipment vis-a-vis piezo-electric and pyro-electric properties of poly (vi-nylidene fluoride) are utilized in transistors, loudspeakers, and detectors. Separation and purification technology of water and organic solvents has been enriched with the use of ionomers in one side to the use of segmented polyurethanes on the other. Intelligent polymers has made it possible to develop thermoresponsive ON-OFF switch controlled drug delivery device in biomedical field such as artificial pancreas and in cell sheet engineering for myocardial tissue reconstruction. Classical polymers today have appeared in different form and nature as modern polymers. Revolutionary developments and tailoring have provided polymers for light weight, strong and attractive packaging applications. Modern polyolefins, viz., LLDPE with high elongation in machine direction, good tear strength at cross direction and excellent puncture resistance; less crystalline VLDPE grades (with 0.880-0.912 g/cm2) are ideal polymers for a variety of low-temperature film applications such as ice and frozen-food packaging. PVDC and ethylene vinyl alcohol polymer-based oxygen barrier films are being used to package red meat and baked goods.

9 illus, 3 tables, 89 ref

003917   Sonkar S;Gupta K;Singh V (Food Science and Nutrition Dep, M.A.B. College of Home Science, C.S.A. Univ. of Agri. and Tech., Kanpur-208 002) : Effect of keeping time on nutritive value of meals. Prog Agric 2007, 7(1-2), 60-2.

The study for the effect of keeping time on nutritive value of meals was conducted under the laboratory of food science and nutrition Deptt. and sensory qualities and nutrient content were estimated. The result found to be that moisture, ash, fat, protein percentage was higher in fresh condition meal in comparison to the 12 hour and 24 hour stored meal. But in the sample of dhal as for percentage was found higher in 24 hour storage meal in comparision to the 12 hour and fresh condition meal.

5 tables, 6 ref

003916   Kumar P;Jadhav P D;Rayalu S S;Devotta S (NO, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur-440 020, Email: s_rayalu@neeri.res.in) : Surface-modified zeolite-A for sequestration of arsenic and chromium anions. Curr Sci 2007, 92(4), 512-17.

It is of immense practical importance to develop materials with tailored properties to sequester anionic pollutants in addition to cationic pollutants. Zeolites are alumino-silicate materials with properties to attract positive-charged ions and, therefore, are widely used for sequestration of cationic pollutants. Surface-modified zeolite materials have been developed from commercial zeolites and flyash-based zeolites by treating them with surface modifiers like hexadecyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide and tetramethylammonium bromide. The adsorbent has been evaluated for removal of arsenic and chromate anions. High selectivity, faster kinetics and high adsorption capacity ensure-cost effectiveness of these materials compared to other conventional materials for de-arsenification.

^ssc6 illus, 1 table, 7 ref