009870   Kaviani Mehdi;Azizizadeh S;Tomovska J; Hosseini M;Shariati M A (Food Science and Technology Dep, Ferdowsi Univ of Mashhad, Mashad, Iran, Email: shariatymohammadali@gmail.com) : Short review on application and comparison of novel active packaging and MPA in meat package and meat products. Int J pharm Res Allied Sci 2015, 4(2), 26-28.

Food process technology has been improved different packaging methods in improving shelf life of perishable foods V such as meat and meat products. Regarding that improving of contamination have caused to develop and enhancement of active packaging in recent years, thus active packaging has been changed condition of inner parts of packaging and progressing of sensory properties. Active packaging is one of the antimicrobial and antibacterial packaging. CO₂ considers as one of the MPA ingredients and N₂ also uses as neutral filler.

1 illus, 8 ref

009869   Kaviani M;Jalilnezhad J;Tomovska J;Hosseini M;Shariati M A (Food Science and Technology Dep, Ferdowsi Univ of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran, Email: kaviyani.mehdi@yahoo.com) : Filtration application in production of liquid sugars. Int J pharm Res Allied Sci 2015, 4(2), 19-21.

One of the separation methods with no phase changes is filtration which defines as separation of a liquid part by passing it through a porous matter with yarn that keeps solids on it (retenate) and liquid can pass through it (filtrate). In a membrane process, commonly two phases is available which have separated physically by a third phase (membrane). Different present filters include disc, net, sand, vacuum filters & reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, dialyze and eletrodialyze. Moreover the mechanism is sieving, surface filtration, depth filtration. These mechanisms depend on type, structure, membrane material, absorbance among particles.

7 ref

009868   Kaviani M;Darjani Z;Tomovska J;Mazandsrani Z; Shariati M A (Food Science and Technology Dep, Ferdowsi Univ of Mashah, Mashhad, Iran, Email: kaviyani.mehdi@yahoo.com) : Comparing different extraction methods of sesame oil. Int J pharm Res Allied Sci 2015, 4(2), 22-5.

Sesame seed has the most oil compounds (%50), but all of its oil not extracts due to being difficult of extraction. The target of this review article is comparing different extraction method of sesame oil. Sesame oil extraction methods categorizes in two groups; laboratory method and industrial method including, Hot water flotation, Ram Press, Ghani Process, pressing method, subcritical liquid method, soxhelet method, fractionation, and enzyme extraction. The amount of extracted oil and time are different in this method. Efficiencies of hot water floating, poly press, ram press, Ghani process, subcritical liquid, soxhelet, fractionation, and enzyme methods were %41, %70, variable, %26.47%, %34.23, %58.93 and %58.87 respectively.

2 illus, 3 tables, 8 ref

009867   Kamani P K (Oil and Paint Technology Dep, Harcourt Butler Technological Institute, Kanpur-208 002) : Corrosion in boiler plant (part -1). Paintindia 2015, 65(4), 109-13.

Corrosion is one of the main causes of reduced reliability in steam generating systems. It is estimated that problems due to boiler system corrosion cost industry billions of dollars per year. Many corrosion problems occur in the hottest areas of the boiler -the water wall, screen, and superheater tubes. Other common problem areas include deaerators, feedwater heaters, and economizers. Methods of corrosion control vary depending upon the type of corrosion encountered. The most common causes of corrosion are dissolved gases (primarily oxygen and carbon dioxide), under-deposit attack, low pH, and attack of areas weakened by mechanical stress, leading to stress and fatigue cracking.

3 illus, 42 ref

009866   Johari A;Kawatra A;Potaliya M (Foods and Nutrition Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: johariaanchal@gmail.com) : Development and organoleptic evaluation of pearl millet and rice based gluten free Upma for celiac disease patients. Ann Agri Bio Res 2015, 20(1), 143-4.

Celiac disease is the chronic inflammation of small intestines due to immune response to gluten. There are no drugs to treat celiac disease and there is no cure. But celiac patients can lead normal, healthy lives by following a gluten free diet. On an epidemiological basis, celiac disease is prevalent among wheat consuming states of north India, such as Punjab, Rajasthan, U. P., Bihar, and M. P. Celiac disease is, thus, an important public health issue. In the present investigation, pearl millet and rice were used for the development of gluten free upma. Three ratios of pearl millet and rice were used along with supplementation of amaranth grains (Pearl millet : Rice 25 : 75, 50 : 50, 75 : 25). Results of organoleptic acceptability demonstrated that equal proportions of pearl millet and rice were the most acceptable to the panelists. Pearl millet and rice can be effectively utilized in the development of gluten free upma which will not only provide satisfaction to the deprived palates of celiac sufferers but will also help in combating the associated nutritional deficiencies of the disease.

1 table, 10 ref

009865   Jana T;Ray S;Chakrabarti S K (NO, Berger Paints India Limited, 14&15, Swarnamoyee Road, Howrah-711 103, Email: paintindia@gmail.com) : New approach to correlate emission of free formaldehyde of urea formaldehyde resin synthesised under different reaction conditions. Paintindia 2015, 65(4), 75-80.

Novel approach has been taken to establish a correlation between reaction conditions and free formaldehyde of urea formaldehyde resin (UF resin). UF resins were synthesised under acid and base catalyzed condition at different pH which is the most controlling factor for reaction between urea and formaldehyde as well as the extent of unreacted formaldehyde of the final resin. The unreacted formaldehyde i.e. free formaldehyde of the resins after synthesis has been measured. The functional groups of the final resins and the probable reaction techniques were characterised using FTIR spectroscopy, ^{1H NMR spectroscopy along with other physical properties. The effect of reaction conditions on molecular weight and its distribution were studied using gel permeation chromatography. These results are further supported after curing the resins with alkyd and correlated with cured film properties like hardness, gloss, impact resistance, hydrolytic stability etc.' Based on these experiments it can be concluded that the extent of formaldehyde emission from a UF resin can be predicted by knowing the actual reaction conditions i.e. pH during reaction, type of reaction etc. Such type of correlation isan importantguidelineforloweringofformaldehydeemission inany UFresin.}

3 illus, 4 tables, 14 ref

009864   Jaiswal S G;patel M;Naik S N (Center for Ranchi Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khasm New Delhi-110 016, Email: *naiksn@gmail.com) : Physico chemical properties of Syzygium cuminii(L) Skeels jam and comparative antioxidant study with other fruit jams. Indian J nat Prod Resour 2015, 6(1), 9-15.

Jamun, Syzygium cuminii (L.) Skeels commonly known as Indian blackberry is a widely distributed forest tree in India and other tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. This fruit is a rich source of natural antioxidant, vitamins and minerals having good nutraceutical and medicinal value. Physical properties of jamun fruits were studied in order to facilitate its handling and processing. This work was intended to add value to these fruits in jam production. The corresponding processed jam were compared with other commercial fruit jams in terms of proximate composition, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and viscosity to test its overall quality parameters. According to the experimental findings, the proximate composition of jamun jam was found to be equivalent with other jams and was the richest source of total phenol with 5.58 mg GAE/g. The antioxidant activities were also highest. The percent reduction of DPPH and ABTS radicals was 47.97 and 95.02, respectively and the FRAP value was 7.36 mM ferrous sulphate equivalent/g. Pseudoplastic behavior of the processed jam was determined with the help of rheometer to check its consistency which is due to the systematic trend of pH, pectin, total soluble solids and sugar concentration at the time of processing. Viscosity of jamun jam was found to be acceptable with other commercial variety jams. Results from this work revealed essential information that could promote the commercialization of jamun jam.

11 illus, 4 table, 42 ref

009863   Jabez M B;Mathanghi S K;Sudha K;Venkatesh M K S (College of Food Dairy Technology, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences Univ, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Email: mathanghi@tanuvas.org.in ) : Development of Ocimum sanctum (tulsi) incorporated mango leather to enhance the sensory quality and storage stability. Asian J Bio Sci 2015, 10(1), 71-4.

Mango fruit leather was prepared by incorporation of Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) for better textural and sensory properties. The mango fruit leather was incorporated with the leaf extract of O. sanctum at different concentrations of 5, 10, 15 and 20 percentages. The natural antioxidants present in the O. sanctum leaf extracts that was incorporated in the fruit leather showed extended shelflife over three months when compared with control, without any added preservatives at ambient temperature. Also the storage stability of the product was studied under two flexible packages of polypropylene and polyester out of that the products packed in polypropylene showed better storage stability.

1 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

009862   Ghoshal G;Banerjee U C;Shivhare U S (Dr. S S Bhatnagar Univ Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technolog, Punjab Univ, Chandigarh-160 014, Email: gghoshal@yahoo.com) : Isolation, Screening and optimization of Xylanase production in submerged fermentation using P. Citrinum. J scient ind Res 2015, 74(7), 400-05.

Cellulase free xylanase is one of the most important upcoming enzyme having industrial application in chemical, biochemical, pharmaceutical and food industry. In the present study, a soil isolate was found to be promising for xylanase production. Biochemical identification tests, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and 16S rRNA sequencing identified the organism Penicillium citrinum MTCC 9620. Later on, optimization of media composition and environmental factors were investigated. Temperature, pH, agitation speed, carbon sources, nitrogen sources, inoculum concentration, and additives were optimized on the basis of xylanase yield, dry cell weight, extracellular protein content, sugar consumption etc. Optimized media produced 138.73 U/mL xylanase at 120 h (30°C). The purified xylanase was found to have molecular weight approximately 29 KDa.

3 illus, 3 table, 15 ref

009861   Chittora M;Sharma D;Veer C;Verma G (Dairy and Food Microbiology Dep, College of Dairy and Food Science Technology (M.P.U.A.T.), Udaipur, Rajasthan, Email: mnshchittora@yahoo.co.in) : Molecular markers: an important tool to assess genetic fidelity in tissue culture grown long-term cultures of economically important fruit plants. Asian J Bio Sci 2015, 10(1), 101-5.

^iia1 table, 45 ref

009860   Chandel J;Jood S (Foods and Nutrition Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: chandeljyoti4@gmail.com) : Phsico-chemical properties of wheat-linseed composite flours. Ann Agri Bio Res 2015, 20(1), 145-7.

Considering the potential of linseed as functional ingredient, the aim of the study was to incorporate roasted linseed flour in wheat flours at 10, 20, 30 and 40% levels for development of various food products. Wheat-linseed composite flours were studied for their physico-chemical properties. It was observed that water absorption capacity increased on increasing the level of linseed flour, whereas oil absorption capacity decreased on increasing the level of linseed flour i. e. 10, 20, 30 and 40% in wheat flour. Crude protein, fat, crude fibre and ash contents of composite flours were also found to be increased on increasing the level of linseed flour in wheat flour.

2 tables, 15 ref

009859   Chakraborty S;Bora J;Khobragade C B (Agricultural Engineering Dep, Assam Univ, Silchar-788 011, Email: souravchak.ae2012@gmail.com) : Application of artificial neural network for the modeling of thin layer drying process of raw banana in refractance window dryer. Green Fmg 2015, 6(5), 1143-46.

Refractive window drying is an efficient technique in order to retain the quality of the food product. So, in this study, thin layer drying behavior of raw banana (Musa sapiantum L.) was examined in refractive window dryer under the temperatures ranging from 70 to 90°C. For describing the drying behavior three mathematical models were fitted. Among which Experimental model showed best fit with a R^{2 value of more than 0.99. In order to get better result artificial neural network (ANN) modeling was done. 3-25-1 was selected as the best ANN architecture. It was observed that ANN modeling (R2=0.998 ) gives better result than the mathematical modeling (R2=0.997). From this study, it was also summarized that accuracy is not the main reason due to which ANN models are superior over empirical relations. ANN models are better than the empirical relations due to their generality. A range of experiments can be described by the ANN modeling while empirical relations are valid for some specific experiments under controlled condition. Due to this reasons, ANN modeling can be implemented as one of the statistical modeling technique in order to describe the thin layer drying behavior of raw banana in refractive window dryer.}

6 illus, 3 tables, 10 ref

009858   Bhattacharya A;Waghela C B (NO, Dow Microbial Control Dow Chemical International Pvt. Ltd. Plot No. 8-, 2 Kalwa Block, Thane Belapur Road, Navi Mumbai MH-400 708, Email: paintindia@gmail.com) : Road map to hygiene improvement for Indian paint industry. Paintindia 2014, 64(5), 69-70.

1 illus

009857   Behera S;Patel S;Mishra B K (Cetre of Studies in Surface Science and Technology, SChool of Chemistry, Sambalpur Univ, Jyoti Vihar-768 019, Email: bijaym@hotmail.com) : Effect of blending of Sisal on plub properties of waste paper in Handmade papermaking. J scient ind Res 2015, 74(7), 416-22.

In an attempt to improve the quality of the waste paper in recycling in paper manufacturing, sisal (a hard fiber) is blended with. The proximate analysis of sisal fibre has been compared with that of the kenaf and waste paper. A high cellulose content in sisal (67.19%) than the kenaf bast fibre (63.5%) and a slightly less lignin percent of sisal (10.22) in comparison to kenaf (12.7) suggest the suitability of sisal fiber for better pulping efficacy and hence paper making. The high tensile strength of sisal fiber is an important cause for blending with weak recycled fibers of waste paper. The preparation of strong paper has been optimized by varying the amount of constituents and modifying sisal fibers.

3 table, 26 ref

009856   Begalinov A;Serdaliyev Y;Abshayakov E; Bakhramov B;Bakhytbek B;Baigenzhenov O (NO, Kazakh National Technical Univ, 22 Satpayev Street, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Email: 89eldar@list.ru) : Rational extraction technology of fine vein gold ores using self propelled machines. Int J chem Sci 2015, 13(1), 284-308.

Article discusses about an effective system development for mining of thin deposits using small-sized self-propelled machines for high efficiency and completeness of mineral extraction. Furthermore, in this research work the results are given for development of fine vein lodes by using sublevel system and high-performance, compact self-propelled machines. The developed technological scheme of ore extraction and delivery by self-propelled VSD is recommended to use in mining enterprises, which develop vein deposits with varying thickness of ore and a wide range of occurrence angles.

8 illus, 6 tables, 17 ref

009855   Antony R;Nandagopal M S G;Manikrishna C; Selvaraju N (Chemical Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode, Kerala-673 601, Email: selvaraju@nitc.ac.in ) : Experimental comparison on efficiency of alkaline hydrolysis reaction in circular microreactors over conventional batch reactor. J scient ind Res 2015, 74(7), 390-4.

Alkaline hydrolysis, a nucleophilic substitution reaction was performed in microchannel tubes and the reaction efficiency was investigated and compared with conventional batch method. Reaction between n-butyl acetate and sodium hydroxide, a fast alkaline hydrolysis was employed as a specimen. The reactions were performed in a simple circular T-Junction microreactor. The riveting natures of T-Junction channels are they could facilitate the formation of rich variety of slug flow patterns. The diameters of the microchannels were scaled down from 1200 μm to 400 μm over a range of 1200 μm, 1000 μm, 800 μm, 600 μm and 400 μm. We- observed a steady increase in reaction efficiency down the diameter scale for a non-varying reactant concentration. In addition to varying diameter, parameters like flow rate of reactants, length of the microchannels were also varied for better understanding about the complexion of alkaline hydrolysis reaction in a microscale platform. The experimental observations reveal that microchannels with minimum diameter are dominant in reaction efficiency over larger diameter channels and highly supreme over conventional batch reactor.

4 illus, 17 ref

009854   Anand S;Chakravarty C (NO, , ) : FSSAI mulls self-regulatory framework for packaged food products; may ask to mention expiry dates. Pharma Rev 2015, 13(76), 72-3.

Packaged food companies in India may soon have to be more explicit about the shelf life of their products with the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) considering a plan to make it mandatory for manufacturers to print expiry dates on packs, said a top official of the apex regulator.

008843   Zhang J;Chen S;Zhang D;Zhang A (Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic, South Central Univ for Nationalities, Wuhan, China-430 074) : Hyperbranched polyphosphate esterdiglycidyl ether of Bisphenol-a epoxy hybrid resin: Prepation, Curing and Thermal Degradation kinetics. J Polym Mater 2015, 32(2), 127-38.

Hyperbranched polyphosphate esters (HPPE) were synthesized from a dehydrochlorination reaction between 1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethy/)cyanuric acid (THEIC) and phosphorus oxychloride (POCI₃). The curing processes of diglycidyl ether bisphenol A (DGEBA)/ hyperbranched polyphosphate esters (HPPE) hybrids were studied by non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry. The thermal degradation mechanism of DGEBA/HPPE hybrids was studied by using the Coats-Redfern method. The effects of the content and molecular mass of the HPPE on the activation energy, reaction order and curing time were investigated. The obtained results indicated that HPPE can reduce the activation energy and accelerate the curing, and increase the heat resistance ofepoxy resin.

9 illus, 4 tables, 23 ref

008842   Yong T J;Munusamy Y;Chee S Y (Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat-319 00, Email: yamunam@uta.edu.my) : Development of poly (Acrylic acid Co-acrylamide) grafted sodium Alginate superabsorbent polymer. J Polym Mater 2015, 32(2), 225-36.

Sodium alginate (NaAIg) copolymers were produced by free radical grafting of acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) with ratio of 55:45 in aqueous solution of NaAIg with the presence of ammonium persulfate (APS) initiator. The copolymers were then cross/inked with N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (NMBA) to produce an interpenetrating network. The superabsorbent polymer hydrogel was then dropped into different concentration of Ca^{2+ solution, 1M, 2M and 3M, to produce spherical beads. The beads were examined by SEM, XRD, TGA and FTIR. Water absorbency and biodegradability of the beads were also studied. Grafted copolymer with higher concentration of Ca2+ was found to have more compact surface with less cracks and voids, lower water absorbency, crystallinity and biodegradability.}

6 llus, 31 ref

008841   Yaliwal V S;Adaganti S Y;Banapurmath N R; Tewari P G (Mechanical Engineering Dep, S D M College of Engineering, Dharwad, Karnataka, Email: vsyaliwal12000@rediffmail.com) : Renewable and sustainable fuel production from woody biomass. Indian J chem Technol 2015, 22(1-2), 61-6.

Bioethanol has been produced from woody biomass (Neem wood saw dust) and the work has been extended to check the feasibility of Honge oil methyl ester (HOME)-bioethanol blends. Based on the experimental results, 11.8 g/L glucose is obtained with H₂SO₄ acid hydrolysis at 120°C reaction temperature, 2% H₂SO₄ concentration and 120 min reaction time for pretreated biomass. The results for batch fermentation show that pH 4.5, temperature 30°C and incubation period of 72 h are found to be favourable for producing maximum bioethanol. Based on the results obtained on HOME-Bioethanol blends, bioethanol from woody biomass has been found to be feasible to use in blend form.

8 illus, 2 table, 27 ref

008840   Yadav G;Thakur S N;Chandra R;Shukla S;Shalini (NO, Warner school of food and dairy technology, SHIATS, Allahabad-211 007) : Development and quality evaluation of wheat milk halwa using honey. Pharma Innovation 2015, 4(5), 21-3.

Halwa occupies an important place among traditional Indian sweet dish. Wheat is an important staple crop with good source of protein, vitamin, dietary fibers also good source of minerals like selenium and magnesium, nutrients essential to good health. Honey is common sweetener, a powerful medicinal tool made up of carbohydrate and water. It contains mineral, vitamin blend of flavonoids and phenolic acid. Honey is used with wheat milk to increase its nutritional value. This study was made to develop wheat milk halwa with different level of honey concentration. The basic aim of this study was process optimization for production of wheat milk halwa with honey. Treatment T₁ standardized to 10% honey in 90% of wheat milk, T₂ standardized to 20% honey in 80% of wheat milk, T₃ standardized to 30% honey in 70% of wheat milk, T₄ standardized to 40% honey in 60% of wheat milk. Physio -chemical analysis protein percentage, fat, total solids, moisture, ash, was done for estimating its nutritional content and safety and organoleptic characteristics like (flavor and taste, body and texture, color and appearance, overall acceptability) by trained panelist using 9 point hedonic scale. According to the analysis, treatment T₄ with 40% honey was found to the best among the four. Thus product acceptability judged by organoleptic evaluation and therapeutic value, the treatment can be rated as T₄<62> T₃<62> T₂<62>T₁.

1 table, 14 ref

008839   Xu L;Zou N (NO, Sinopec Petroleum Engineering Machinery Co. Ltd, Shashi Steel Pipe Works, Jingzhou-434 000, Email: zgsdytzn@126.com) : Ultrasonic degradation of Poly (Vinyl Alcohol). J Polym Mater 2015, 32(2), 195-210.

The ultrasonic degradation of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and the structure of degraded PVA were studied in this paper. And the effects of initial concentration of PVA and ultrasonic time were investigated too. The results show that when the initial concentration of PVA was lower than 60 g/L, the degree of degradation gradually increased with the ultrasound time. And the intrinsic viscosity of PVA could reach the lowest value with the initial concentration of 10 g/L while the ultrasound time extended to 5<126>6 h. The FTIR study indicated the presence of carbonyl group in the molecular chain of the degraded PVA and ^{1H-NMR study revealed the change of the fine structure. With the initial concentration of PVA decreasing, the glass transition temperature(T₉) of degraded PVA appreciably increased while the melting point(T_m) slightly decreased. In the last, TG-DTG curves showed that the weight less of some degraded samples had 3-step process which has one more step than that of the original PVA, the additional stages probably results from the weight loss process of short aliphatic ketone chain.}

1 illus, 4 tables, 27 ref

008838   Uchoi D;Roy D;Majumdar R K;Debbarma P (NO, Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Versova, Mumbai-400 061, Email: hellodeepayan2008@gmail.com) : Diversified traditional cured food products of certain indigenous tribes of Tripura, India. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2015, 14(3), 440-6.

Diversified traditional cured food products which include fermented, dried and smoked bamboo shoot, wild leaf, vegetable, fruit, alcoholic beverage and fish are processed and prepared by the ethnic groups of Tripura and these are intimately associated to their ecological, socio-cultural, spiritual life and health. These cured foods are consumed as a regular food item in different recipes and culinary style over a long period of time by the original inhabitants of this state. From the socio-cultural point of view, although these are nutritious, moreover, there are popular beliefs on the use of such traditional food products regarding their curing effect of number of seasonal and chronic health problems. The paper describes the various traditional cured foods of certain tribes of Tripura, their method of preparation, uses, nutritional and medicinal values as they play a vital role in the traditional life style of the people of Tripura.

2 illus, 30 ref

008837   Sivamani S;Priya P G (Chemical Engineering Dep, A.C. College of Technology, Anna Univ, Chennai-600 025, Email: pgpriya@annauniv.edu) : Extraction of resin from cashew nut sludge an agro-industrial wastes. J scient ind Res 2015, 74(8), 476-8.

In thiswork, the extraction of resin from the cashew nut sludge (agro-Industrial waste) was done using three different solvents namely methanol, propanol and diethyl ether. Among the three solvents propanol shows the better results for extraction of resin and it was further confirmed with FTIR, TGA-DTA and DSC. The FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopic analysis was used to explore the structural changes of the extracted resin using propanol. The maximum peak obtained using propanol as a solvent for the extraction of resin was 14-16 min intensity. All the experimental study throughout the present study indicated that the obtained resin has wide application on waste water treatment. In future, it can be used as a cheap substitute instead of commercial resin for a better environment.

1 illus, 7 ref

008836   Sharma S;Gogol P;Bhargav R;Dolui S K;Patra A (Chemical Science Dep, Tezpur Univ, Napaam, Tezpur, Dist. Sonitpur, Assam-784 028, Email: swapandolui5052@gmail.com) : Hybrid bulk heterojunction solar cells based on poly (9-vinylcarbazole)inc oxide nanocomposites: effect of aspect ratio of Zinc oxide nanorod. J Polym Mater 2015, 32(2), 179-93.

A simple hydrothermal method was employed to synthesize various aspect ratio zinc oxide nanorods. These nanorods were incorporated into a conducting polymer, poly (9-vinylcarbazole). A series of hybrid bulk heterojunction solar cells was fabricated by using nanocomposite material as the active layer. Short circuit current density of the devices increases from 1.075 mAcm^{-2 to 28.35 mAcnr2 by increasing the aspect ratio, due to the formation of large number of charges and more percolation pathways facilitating the transport of electrons. Photo conversion efficiency of the devices was increased from 0.05 to 0.44% with increase in the aspect ratio from 8 to 20.}

7 illus, 3 tables, 37 ref

008835   Shalini;Arora P;Chandra R;Yadav G (NO, Warner school of food and dairy technology, SHIATS, Allahabad-211 007) : Development and quality assessment of papaya kalakand. Pharma Innovation 2015, 4(5), 8-10.

Kalakand is one of the important indigenous milk product which contains milk solid in a fourfold concentration, its food and nutritive value is very high. Papaya is a tropical fruit which has good ant oxidative property, it has broad spectrum of photochemical including polysaccharide, vitamins, minerals, enzyme, protein, alkaloid, fat and oil, flavanoids. The study was made with attempts to develop kalakand blended with papaya in different concentrations by using whole milk. The data collected by different aspect were tabulated and analyzed statically using methods of analysis of variance and critical difference. Experimental sample of kalakand treatment T₁ was blended with 15% of papaya pulp, T₂ with 25% of papaya pulp and T₃ with 35% of papaya pulp. Nutritional content was estimated by physio-chemical analysis such as protein, total solids, moisture, and ash. Organoleptic characteristics like (flavor and taste, body and texture, color and appearance, overall acceptability) were judged by panel on 9 point hedonic scale. According to analysis treatment T₃ with 35% of papaya pulp was found best among three. Thus product acceptability can be rated as T₃<62> T₂<62> T₁<62> T₀.

1 table, 17 ref

008834   Qin G C;Chen Y H;Yang L W;Yang N F;yang Z S (Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Chemistry and Applications of, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan Univ, Xiangtan, Hunan-411 105, Email: nfyang@mail.sdu.edu.cn) : Optically active helical vinyl polymers via radical polymerization of (s)-6-vinyl-2,2' -bis(Methoxy-methoxy)-1, 1'-Binaphthyl. J Polym Mater 2015, 32(2), 139-146.

(S)-6-Vinyl-2,2'-bis(methoxymethoxy)-1,1'-binaphthyl 4 was prepared through a multistep synthetic route. The radical polymerization of (S)-6-vinyl-2,2'-bis(methoxymethoxy)-1,1'- binaphthyl 4 was carried out in toluene in the presence of AIBN in the temperature range from 45 to 90°C. The optical rotation ([a]₃₆₅^{25) of monomer 4 was -320.1° while radically polymerized poly-4 showed a large levorotation ([a]₃₆₅25 = -1057°). Poly-4 was confirmed to hold a prevailing helicity of backbone in solution by comparing the specific optical rotation and the CD spectra with that of monomer 4 and the model compound such as monomeric unit analogue (S)-6-ethyl-2,2'-bis(methoxymethoxy)-1,1 '-binaphthyl 5.}

1 table, 26 ref

008833   Pampangouda;Munishamanna K B;Gurumurthy H; Khanagoudar S (Microbiology Dep, Agricultural Sciences Univ, GKVK, Bangalore-560 065, Email: pampannagoudap@gmail.com) : Development of millets based alcoholic beverages using Saccharomyes cerevisiae. Biochem Cell Archs 2015, 15(1), 305-7.

Alcoholic beverage was produced from millets such as pearl millet, foxtail millet and little millet by fermentation. The biochemical changes of alcoholic beverage was analysed after five days of fermentation period. Germinated grain and malt based millet slurry fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MTCC 170) result revealed that the germinated grain based pearl millets alcoholic beverage showed highest titrable acidity (3.69%), alcohol (7.3%) and organoleptic score (8.5/9 points) compared to malt based millets beverages.

2 tables, 9 ref

008832   Nandal U;Bhardwaj R L (NO, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Rajsamand, MPUAT, Udaipur-313 001, Email: rajubhardwaj3@gmail.com ) : Medicinal, nutritional and economic security of tribals from underutilized fruits in Aravali region of district Sirohi, Rajasthan. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2015, 14(3), 423-32.

Aravali region of district Sirohi is endowed of plant biodiversity with special mention of semi-arid underutilized fruits. The present study emphasized that in ancient times these fruits were largely used by the natives of tribal area as a prime source of natural medicine and food using their traditional wisdom in the form of fresh fruits, dry fruits, fruit juice, fruit powder, arak, chutney, pickle, nutritive wine, drugs, triphala and chyavanprash. However, in present scenario, because of changing food habits, taste and prevalence of several food myths & taboos and unawareness about their importance in daily diet, the new generation of tribals discontinued consuming underutilized fruits. It has resulted into malnutrition among those people who discontinued consuming locally available underutilized fruits along with multiple nutrient deficiency disorders. Significantly, high prevalence of nutrients deficiency and occurrence of clinical symptoms of protein energy malnutrition (14.4%), anaemia (33.0%), iodine deficiency disorder (17.0%), vitamin A deficiency (7.4%), vitamin C deficiency (12.40%), calcium deficiency (18.0%) and zinc deficiency (19.20%) were observed in non-consuming groups of tribals. Whereas the group consuming underutilized fruits regularly was found healthier and nutritionally secure. It was also evident that the consuming group has more traditional wisdom for therapeutic uses of available underutilized fruits. In addition, the underutilized fruits have the potential to give economic security to tribals by giving employment and by fetching good returns from their sale in raw form as well as value added products.

5 tables, 16 ref

008831   Liu Y;Du J;Luo J;Feng X A;Cai Z B;Zhu M H (Engineering Research centre for Materials Protection of Wear and Corr, Guiyang Univ, Guiyang, People's Republic of China, Email: luojun_gyu@sina.com) : Thermal stability of cardanol modified phenolic resin. J Polym Mater 2015, 32(2), 164-7.

The paper aims to analyze the thermal stability of cardanol modified phenolic resin. Firstly, two kinds of resol-type phenolic resins were synthesized: cardanol modified phenolic resin (CMPR) and pure phenolic resin (PPR). The two synthesized phenolic resins were cured. Then the chemical structures of cured CMPR and PPR were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FT/R). The thermal properties of cured CMPR and PPR were also analyzed by means of thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) at various linear heating rates of 5°C/rnin, 10°C/min, 15°C/min and 20°C/min. Finally, based on the data obtained from thermogravimetric analysis, the decomposition activation energy of CMPR and PPR was calculated by Kissinger method. FTIR analysis indicated that the CMPR was synthesized successfully. TGA analysis demonstrated that four distinct thermal weight loss stages had been observed during the whole decomposition process of the PPR. Two weight loss stages were observed during the decomposition process of the CMPR and the first weight loss stage was very obscure and could be neglected. Moreover, the decomposition activation energy of the CMPR was about 198.81 kJ/mol, which was higher than that of the PPR, 129.70 kJ/mol. It means the overall thermal stability of CMPR is better than that of PPR.

11 illus, 27 ref

008830   Li W;Bao Z;Fu Z;Chen L (School of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Univ of Technology, Hangzhou-310 032, Email: chenljacky@aliyun.com) : Synthesis and Properties of novel fluorinated cationic polymer latex. J Polym Mater 2015, 32(2), 103-11.

Novel cationic polymer latex was prepared by the semi-continuous seeded emulsion polymerization of butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and hexafluorobutylmethacrylate in water phase, which were initiated with water soluble azo initiator and emulsified with the mixed surfactants cationic emulsifier and nonionic emulsifier. The structure of the resultant latex is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum and differential scanning calorimetry. The conditions for preparing the novel latex were optimized. The optimum conditions for preparing the latex were as follows: the amount of emulsifier is 3%; the amount of initiator is 0.8%; the content of the fluorinated monomer is 4%. In this case, the conversion of mixed monomers is 99.06% and the coagulation percentage is 0.96%, the average particle size of latex is 7:26 nm. In addition, in comparison with the latex prepared without the fluorinated monomers, the hydrophobicity of the resultant latex film is improved clearly.

12 ref

008829   Kannaiyan S K;Gunasekaran J;Kannuchamy N; Thachil M T;Gudipati V (NO, , Office of the Assistant Director of Fisheries (South), Ramanathapuram-623 501, Email: venkaticar@rediffmail.com) : Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of dill extracts and their preservative effect on mackerel fillets during refrigerated storage. Indian J nat Prod Resour 2015, 6(2), 106-13.

In order to develop a natural extract using no organic solvent for extension of shelf life of mackerel fillets, juices were prepared from raw, water bath boiled (WBB) and microwave oven boiled (MOB) dill (Anethum sowa Kurz) plant. The MOB dill juice showed the highest percentage of inhibition in DPPH radical scavenging activity and also had high total phenolic content revealing the role of phenolic compounds in their antioxidant activity. The antibacterial activities of the dill juices were evaluated against 13 fish borne pathogens and fish spoilage bacteria using micro broth dilution methods. Among the dill juices, MOB dill juice showed lowest MIC and MBC values in the range of 250 to 500 μL/mL and 250 to 1000 μL/mL, respectively, demonstrating their potential antibacterial activity. Among the three dill juice extracts studied, MOB dill juice was selected for preservation of mackerel fillets based on its antioxidant and antibacterial activity exhibited against fish borne pathogens and fish spoilage bacteria. The MOB dill juice extended the shelf life of mackerel fillets by three days demonstrating its capacity as an excellent natural antioxidant and antibacterial agent which could be an effective alternative to synthetic antioxidant and antibacterial agents.

4 tables, 34 ref

008828   Kamalakanth C K;Gopal T K S;Joshy C G;Ginson J;Ravishankar C N (Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, P.O. Mastyyapuri, Cochin-682 020, Email: kamalakanth@rediffmail.com) : Optimisation of physical properties of ready to cook fish incorporated noodles using response surface methodology. Fish Technol 2015, 52(2), 109-17.

Combination of fish mince and refined wheat flour was optimized for the development of fish incorporated noodles by using response surface methodology. Effect of different level of pink perch (Nemipterus japonicus) mince on physical properties like water absorption index, bulk density, colour values, cooking time, cooking loss, rehydration test, shearing strength and sensory score were evaluated. D-optimal mixture experimental design with 9 runs was formulated to optimize the different levels of fish mince and refined wheat flour. Linear, quadratic and cubic mixture polynomial regression was fitted to the experimental data and appropriate model was selected based on highest goodness of fit values (R^{2). From the analysis, it was found that water absorption index decreased as the percentage of fish mince increased. Bulk density reduced and found to be maximum for fish incorporated noodles. Lightness reduced as fish concentration was increased, whereas a* and b* values were found to increase. Cooking time increased significantly as the percentage of fish mince increased; whereas, cooking loss was found to decrease on incorporation of fish mince to noodles. Rehydration test values were good for 10 and 15% fish mince incorporated samples. There was a decrease in shearing strength after 10% fish incorporated sample. Based on the desirability function calculation of multiple response samples, 15% fish mince incorporated samples were found most acceptable based on the physical properties and sensory score.}

9 illus, 2 table, 45 ref

008827   Kai L;Qingquan L;Meixuan P (Environmental Engineering Dep, Shaoguan College, Shaoguan-512 000, Email: liangkai2013@hotmail.com) : Negatively charged microspheres from stabilizer-free disperson copolymerization of styrene and Hydroxyethyl acrylate. J Polym Mater 2015, 32(2), 211-24.

Monodisperse and anion-charged polystyrene (APS) microspheres were prepared by dispersion copolymerization of styrene (St) and hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) in the absence of a stabilizer. The copolymerization were initiated by potassium persulfate and conducted in methanol/water. The effect of HEA amount, methanol/water ratio and initiator concentration on the average diameters and coefficient variations of anion-charged microspheres were systematically investigated, and the copolymerization. The results indicated that monodisperse and anion-charged microspheres could be prepared by stabilizer-free dispersion copolymerization. The larger particle size and better monodispersity of the microspheres could be obtained with increasing HEM content or the volume ratio of methanol in media. Moreover, hydrophilic properties of HEA and residual groups of initiator played an important role in stabilizing the dispersion copolymerization. Overall, the present manuscript provided a simple route to generate monodisperse polymer microspheres with anionic groups on the surface.

6 illus, 3 table, 16 ref

008826   Jeyanthi P;Gopal N;Murthy L N;Geethalakshmi V (NO, ICAR Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, P.O. Matsyapuri, Cochin-682 029, Email: tvjeyanthi@gmail.com) : Employment status of women in the seafood processing sector of Gujarat. Fish Technol 2015, 52(2), 135-9.

More than 75% of the workforce in the seafood processing sector in India are women. This study explored the employment status of women in seafood processing sector in Gujarat, which is one of the largest states in terms of number of seafood processing plants and quantity of seafood exports. The male to female ratio in the industry was 1:1.74 and 1:1.66 in the contractual and permanent employment categories respectively. About 63% of the respondents were under 30 years of age and unmarried. The monthly wages of women workers at the floor level was Rs. 2594/- which is much lower than the minimum wages prescribed by the Gujarat State for unskilled workers which is Rs. 214.90 day^{-1. It was observed that the major determinants of women's employment in the sector were their educational status and wages. The wage of worker in processing sector showed significant positive relationship with age, education and work experience.}

1 illus, 4 table, 17 ref

008825   Jesu Herbert Peter P;Sukumar D;Jeya Shakila R;Sundaramoorthy B (Fish Processing Technology Dep, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries Univ, Tuticorin-628 008, Email: herbertbfsc@gmail.com) : Effect of different cooking methods on fattyacid profile of rohu fillets. Biochem Cell Archs 2015, 15(1), 249-53.

This study analyzed the influence of four cooking methods (boiling, steaming, frying, fish curry) on the fatty acid profile of rohu (Labeo rohita). On comparing the cooked and raw fish, the results indicated that cooking had considerable effect on the fatty acid composition. Mono unsaturated and saturated fatty acids were increased in fried samples due to the absorption of oil during the culinary process where as lowest level of polyunsaturated fatty acids was detected in fried samples of rohu. Steaming did not affect the mono unsaturated fatty acids and poly unsaturated fatty acids in majorly. But boiling was reduced the mono unsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids than other cooking methods. Fish curry had the maximum content of poly unsaturated fatty acids when compared to other cooking methods. In the mentioned cooking methods, the retention of poly unsaturated fatty acids was higher in fish curry followed by steaming, boiling and frying. But retention of docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids were higher in steamed fillets of rohu where as other cooking methods contain very meager amount.

1 illus, 1 table, 26 ref

008824   Genc N;Ozbay I (Environmental Engineering Dep, Faculty of Engineering, Kocaeli Univ, 41380 Kocaeli, Turkey, Email: ngenc@kocaeli.edu.tr) : Fermentative hydrogen production in batch experiments using molasses, potato processing industry wastewater and chocolate waste: influence of acidic hydrolyzation. Asian J Chem 2015, 27(6), 2184-8.

In this study, the hydrogen production potential of molasses, wastewater from potato industry and chocolate waste as substrate was investigated. Results show that R_max (2.2 mLH₂/min) was obtained for molasses and chocolate. Hydrogen production rate was lower due to the complex structure of substrates. Therefore, we are interested in using hydrolyzate obtained from acid hydrolysis of substrates. In treated molasses and chocolate, H_max of 3190 and 6712 mL was obtained, increasing by 171 and 282% as compared with the result of the untreated substrate, respectively. The net energy gain was calculated as negative for all substrates.

1 illus, 2 tables, 28 ref

008823   Carraher C E;Suresh V;Roner M R (Chemistry and Biochemistry Dep, Florida Atlantic Univ, Boca Raton, FL 33431 and Florida Center for Environmental Studies, Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33410, Email: carraher@fau.edu) : Graphite as a Matrix for Organotin polymers. J Polym Mater 2015, 32(2), 147-164.

Choosing the correct MALD1 MS matrix is a problem because of the possible reaction of many matrixes with ion fragments formed from the polymer. Graphite has been used as a matrix and it eliminates the reaction between the matrix and polymer creating spurious ion fragment clusters. Also, ion fragments created by graphite are found below 500 Da, below the mass range typically employed by us. We report the initial use of graphite for a number of organotin polymers in creating MALDI MS that do not contain these false ion fragments. Use of graphite as the matrix also gives higher mass ion fragments compared with the use of alpha-cyano-4-hydroxcinnamic acid, a widely used MALDI MS matrix.

10 illus, 12 table, 21 ref

008822   Basumatari D (Zoology Dep, Cotton College, Guwahati-781 001, Email: devajitbasu@yahoo.in) : Changes of quality of freshwater murrels after preserving through low fire burnt process. Proc Zool Soc India 2015, 14(1), 91-4.

There are several ethnic processes of the preservation of fishes. Burning the whole fish in low intensity of fire is a process of preservation of some freshwater murrels that is being practiced by some of the ethnic communities inhabiting in the north east part of India. Burnt fish loses about 25% moisture and 50% of fat, while the protein and ash content are increased after burning. In the present study, freshwater murrels, Channa gachua, Channa punctatus and Channa striatus are burnt and the changes of quality with reference to organoleptic evaluation, proximate composition and microbial have been determined from fresh, burnt as well as preserved samples of 7 days.

3 tables, 8 ref

008821   Badolia A;Sarkar R;Pal S K (Ceramic Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela-769 008, Email: rite2badolia@rediffmail.com) : Reactive alumina- La PO<4> composite as machinable bioceramics. Bull Mater Sci 2015, 38(4), 975-83.

Sintered Al₂O₃-LaPO₄ composites were prepared using commercially available reactive alumina and phase pure lanthanum phosphate (LP), prepared by the reaction synthesis technique. LP content was varied between 10 and 50 wt% and sintering was carried out between 1400 and 1600°C. Sintered composites were characterized for phase analysis, densification, strength, machinability, microstructure and bioactivity (in SBF solution) and biocompatibility (MTT assay protocol) studies. Composite nature was confirmed by phase analysis and LP was found to reduce the densification and strength values but imparted machinability. Again positive bioactivity and biocompatibility character were observed for all the compositions.

12 illus, 2 table, 33 ref

008820   Ali N;Singh K P (NO, Delhi College of Technology and management, Palwal, Haryana, Email: kishan.amu@gmail.com) : Electric-solar powered vehicle with Bomb Detection. Invertis J renewable Energy 2015, 5(2), 105-10.

Aim of this study is to discuss a vehicle driven by a solar and electrical means. The renewable energy is vital for today's world as in near future the non-renewable sources that we are using are going to get exhausted. The solar vehicle is a step in saving these non-renewable sources of energy. The basic principle of solar car is to use energy that is stored in a battery during and after charging it from a solar panel. The charged batteries are used to drive the motor which serves here as an engine and moves the vehicle in reverse or forward direction. The electrical tapping rheostat is provided so as to control the motor speed. This avoids excess flow of current when the vehicle is supposed to be stopped suddenly as it is in normal cars with regards to fuel. This idea, in future, may help protect our fuels from getting extinguished. All recent electric vehicles present drive on AC power supplied motor. The setup requires an inverter set connected to battery through which DC power is converted to AC power. During this conversion many losses take place and hence the net output is very less and lasts for shorter duration of time. Although this is cheaper setup and maintenance required is much more in AC drive than DC drive. The vehicle designed is controlled by electrical means. It also has a bomb detector which helps it detect the bombs. It is very useful for military purposes. This vehicle is small in size and light in weight so these are very useful in military operations.

7 illus, 1 table, 3 ref

007841   Zhang Y;Zhou J B;Li J Z (Engineering Research Center for Polymer Processing Equipment, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing 100029, P.R. China, Email: zhogab@163.com) : Membrane technology in treatment of coal chemical industry saline wastewater. Asian J Chem 2015, 27(5), 1678-82.

For the wastewater recovery in coal chemical industry, the reverse osmosis + dish-tube reverse osmosis membrane separation technology was taken to concentrate the saline wastewater (the concentration of sodium sulfate was 2.5%) after biological treatment. The experimental result showed that the concentration of sodium sulfate can reached 23 and 94.4% of sodium sulfate was recovered. The recovery rate of primary reverse osmosis system and secondary dish-tube reverse osmosis system were 50 and 80%, respectively, meanwhile, the sodium sulfate concentration of reverse osmosis and dish-tube reverse osmosis permeated water were 0.116 and 0.611 g/L severally. The chemical oxygen demand index were 4.5 and 23.96 mg/L as well. The study verified the application of membrane technology in the treatment of saline wastewater and it illustrated that the dish-tube reverse osmosisprocess can be used as further concentration process of saline wastewater.

7 illus, 4 tables, 19 ref

007840   Waghela C B (NO, Kansai Nerolac Paints Limited Nerolac House, Ganpatrao Kadam Marg, Lower Parel, Mumbai-400 013, Email: paintindia@gmail.com) : Paradigm shift in wet stage protection of water based paints. Paintindia 2014, 64(4), 74-86.

There is an increase in demand of eco-friendly biocides in the world due to increase in awareness about eco-friendly products. Eco-friendly products are consisting of ingredients which are not harmful to environment, like animals, soil, microbiological ecosystem, plants, aquatic animals & plants etc. Same is applied to paints. Paint contains mainly two components which are harmful to environment, biocides & Volatile Organic Compounds. VOC can be replaced by higher boiling point solvents. But in case of biocides it is seen that eco-friendly biocides are not as effective as harmful biocides at same concentration. Some of them are very sensitive to pH & temperature fluctuations (as low as 40° C & pH 8), which renders paint unprotected after a particular time period. Also a tolerance & resistance is observed in microbes for few green biocides. At least 7 5 to 20 years time period is required to invent, to study & to register new molecule for different uses. So there is need of finding ways, alternatives & implementing stringent hygiene guidelines & awareness in view of introducing Eco-friendly biocides.

5 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

007839   Thoutu S D (NO, , Kansai Nerolac Paints Ltd, Email: paintindia@gmail.com) : Moisture cured urethane coatings. Paintindia 2014, 64(4), 51-62.

Moisture curable one component polyurethane coatings are versatile products having numerous advantages over two component polyurethane coatings. The concepts, chemistry have been discussed, with some examples and feedback from International market, specifically from USA, where these products are in use by Federal Government department, for number of applications, mainly to save labour, time and money, resulting in early completion of projects, without major shutdown. Special attention given to 1) the coatings chemistry, 2) the effects of ambient temperature and humidity on drying time, 3) Steps needed for manufacturing storage stable moisture curing polyurethanes coatings, and 4) Suitable applications for moisture cured polyurethanes.

^iia3 illus, 5 tables, 13 ref

007838   Sivashankari M;Pare A;Yadav B K;Santhakumaran A (NO, Indian Institute of Crop Processing Technology, Ministry of Food Processing Industries (Government of India), Thanjavur-613 005, Email: sivashankari_pfe11@iicpt.edu.in) : Effect of pH on the protein-lipid film properties of soy milk. Soybean Res 2014, 12(spl-2), 225-35.

The effect of various concentrations of sodium hydroxide (alkali) on the pH of soymilk, protein-lipid film formation yield, chemical composition and boiling resistance was studied. Film yield increased as the pH of the soymilk increased above its natural pH (6.5). Film yield was found to be more at 0.4 (v/v) and 0.5 (v/v) per cent of NaOH concentration in the soymilk than at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 per cent. Maximum protein incorporation was found at 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 per cent levels of alkali incorporation than at 0.1 and 0.5 per cent. Whereas, the fat incorporation was less at 0.2,0.3 and 0.4 per cent than at 0.1 and 0.5 per cent due to the less holding capacity of protein towards non-polar lipids at higher pH. Carbohydrates and minerals were also higher as the protein has the capacity to hold more polar groups at higher pH. Boiling resistance of protein-lipid films decreased as the percentage of alkali incorporation into the soymilk increased.

9 illus

007837   Singh R;Debbarma R;Rana S S;Khan K A (NO, Indian Institute of Crop Processing Technology, Thanjavur, Email: ranjit_mfe12@iicpt.edu.in) : Effect of different roasting temperature and time on mechanical properties of whole soybeans. Soybean Res 2014, 12(spl-2), 236-40.

This study investigates the mechanical behaviour (hardness, toughness, rupture force) of roasted whole soybeans. The geometric mean diameter of whole soybeans was measured 5.82 ±0.07 mm with 12 per cent moisture content (db). During the experiment, maintaining steeping time (0 and 30 min), processing temperature (140 °C, 160 °C, 180°C and 200 °C) and roasting time (60, 120 and 180 sec) revealed that hardness, toughness and rupture force decreased as temperature and time of roasting increased. Minimum hardness was 102.51 N (30 mint, 180 °C and 120 sec), maximum hardness was 253.64 N (0 mint, 140°C and 60 sec). Minimum toughness was 71.43 N-mm (30 mint, 180°C and 120 sec), maximum toughness was 176.86 N-mm (0 mint, 140 °C and 60 sec). Minimum rupture force 27.34 N (30 mint, 200°C and 180 sec) and maximum rupture force 115.67 N (0 mint, 140 "C and 60 sec). The best temperature and time combination for crushing or breaking of roasted whole soybeans was found 30 minute steeping, 180 °C roasting temperature and 120 second roasting time. In some of the cases minimum hardness, toughness and rupture force are found at higher roasting temperature and roasting time, but soybeans are over roasted, there is a chance of reduction in quality parameters. This information are useful in the determination of size reduction, crushing, breaking or grinding of whole soybean and designing equipment for milling, especially for soybeans crusher or grinder machine who raise livestock.

3 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

007836   Schoenbacher T;Bingham M;Temel A;Hirschmann B;Micheli Allnex P D (NO, , , Email: paintindia@gmail.com) : Next generation high-performance polymeric grinding resins for architectural coatings. Paintindia 2014, 64(4), 70-72.

4 illus

007835   Manneganti V;Bethala L A P D;Rachapudi B N P; Singh A;Ummanni R (NO, Centre for Lipid Research, Chemical Biology, Hyderabad-500 007, Email: prabhavathi@iict.res.in) : Design, synthesis and anticancer activities of novel unsaturated fatty acid based β-Hydroxy 1,2,3-triazoles. Int J pharm Sci Res 2015, 6(4), 1635-49.

Series of novel unsaturated fatty acid based β-hydroxy 1,2,3-triazole hybrids were designed and synthesised in excellent yields by esterification, epoxidation of oleic, ricinoleic and 10-undecenoic acids followed by azidolysis and "click" reaction with different alkynes. All the β-hydroxy 1,2,3-triazole hybrids were characterised by ESI-MS, IR and NMR spectra as well as HRMS analysis and were screened in vitro for their anticancer activity against selected four human cancer cell lines (DU-145, HeLa, MCF-7 and A549) in comparison with doxorubicin, a standard anticancer drug. Among all the triazoles, methyl oleate with-CH₂OH as 1,2,3-triazole side chain (1dii) exhibited good anti cancer activity against DU-145, HeLa, MCF-7 and A549 human cancer cell lines with IC₅₀ values 10.73, 13.61, 11.93, and 16.54 μM respectively.

20 ref

007834   Lou Y;Guo X;Zhang R;Bai P (School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Univ, Tianjin, P.R. China, Email: sci_tougao@126.com) : Synthesis and new potential application of Sn-beta zeolite in sugar industry. Asian J Chem 2015, 27(5), 1641-3.

The Sn-beta zeolite (silica zeolite beta inserted in tin atoms) is a new catalytic material with unique properties, which shows its great talent in the industry of petrochemical, fine chemical and sugar industry. In this paper, we briefly introduce the source of its singularity and synthetic methods of the new-style heterogeneous molecular sieve. In addition, we put forward the prospect of the industrial application in the conversion of glucose.

24 ref

007833   Lim C S (Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Dep, Hanseo Univ, Seosan 356-706, Republic of Korea, Email: cslim@hanseo.ac.kr) : Spectroscopic study and green upconversion of SrY₂(MoO₄)₄:Er<. Asian J Chem 2015, 27(5), 1773-6.

SrY₂(MoO₄)₄:Er^{3+/Yb3+ phosphors with doping concentrations of Er3+ and Yb3+ (Er3+ = 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and Yb3+ = 0.2, 0.45) have been successfully synthesized by a cyclic microwave-modified sol-gel method and green upconversion and spectroscopic properties have been investigated. Well-crystallized particles showed a fine and homogeneous morphology with particle sizes of 1-3 μm. Under excitation at 980 nm, SrY₂(MoO₄)₄:Er3+/Yb3+ particles exhibited a strong 525 nm emission band, a weak 550 nm emission band in the green region and a weak 655 nm emission band in the red region. The Raman spectra of SrY_1.8(MoO₄)₄:Er_0.2, SrY_1.7(MoO₄)₄:Er_0.1Yb_0.2 and SrY_1.5(MoO₄)₄:Er_0.05Yb_0.45 particles indicated the domination of strong peaks at higher frequencies (1025, 1082 and 1297 cm-1) and at lower frequencies (224, 297, 357, 410, 534 and 575 cm-1).}

4 illus, 29 ref