012970   Siddiqui H;Kamil M;Fatima N (Petroleum Studies Dep, AMU, Aligarh 202 002, Uttar Pradesh, Email: sm_kamil@rediffmail.com) : Surface and solution properties of single and mixed gemini/conventional micelles on solubilization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Indian J chem Technol 2015, 22(5), 194-200.

The surface properties and mixed micellization behaviour of single gemini bis(hexadecyldimethylammonium) pentane dibromide (G5) surfactant, three conventional surfactants (Cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and nonioinic Polyethylene glycol dodecyl ether (Brij35)) and their equimolar binary mixtures have been investigated by surface tension and spectrophotometry methods at 300K. The critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface properties, Γ_max (maximum surface excess), A_min (minimum surface area per molecule) and π_CMC (surface pressure at the CMC) have been determined. The deviation from the ideal of the mixed micelles has been discussed on the basis of Clint theory. For mixed systems, regular solution theory (Rubingh) and Rosen's theories are used, which helps to evaluate the composition of the mixed micelle, the activity coefficient, and interaction parameters (β and β^{σ). Negativity of interaction parameters (β and βσ) for mixed micelle formation indicates attractive interaction for all the system.}

4 illus, 3 tables, 37 ref

012969   Semenov G V;Krasnova I S;Suvorov O A; Shuvalova I D;Posokhov N D (NO, Moscow State Univ of Food Production, Talalikhina Street 33, Moscow 109 316, Russia) : Influence of freezing and drying on phytochemical properties of various fruit. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2015, 12(2), 1311-20.

Initially the total antioxidant activity, the total flavonoid contents, the total phenolic contents and the ascorbic acid were measured in fresh fruits. Then samples for freezing and vacuum freeze-drying were frozen what led to a decrease in total antioxidant activity by 11% (persimmon) - 28% (kiwi fruit), a reduction of total phenolic and total flavonoid contents for about 10% and the content of ascorbic acid decreases by 8% (kiwi fruit) - 30% (apple). The remaining frozen purees were subjected to vacuum freeze-drying at the temperature plus 25-27 °C and a chamber pressure of 80 Pa in the primary drying and the temperature plus 38-40 °C and a chamber pressure of 80 Pa at the secondary drying. The total antioxidant activity of freeze dried samples in comparison with fresh fruit decreased by 20% (persimmon) - 50-55% (apple), the total content of flavonoids and phenolic compounds decreased by 20-30%, reduction of the ascorbic acid ranged from 23-29% (apple and persimmon) to 55% (pear). The other part was subjected to convective drying and as a result the total antioxidant activity decreased by 46% (persimmon) to 68% (pear and apple), the total content of flavonoid contents compounds decreased by 42% (apple, kiwi, persimmon) - 56% (pear). The total content of phenolic compounds in all samples decreased by 40-45% and the content of ascorbic acid reduced by 45-55%. The study results demonstrated that the antioxidant properties of the fruits studied in the following order: fresh fruit<62> frozen fruit<62> freeze-dried fruit<62> convective dried fruit.

5 illus, 30 ref

012968   Santhi D;Kalikannan A (Meat Science and Technology Dep, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal-637 002, Email: drdshanthi@tanuvas.org.in) : Influence of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) and rice bran inclusion on cooking yield, textural and sensory properties of low fat chicken meat balls. Indian vet J 2015, 92(6), 22-5.

Low-fat chicken meat balls were fortified with dietary fibre by the addition of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) (PM) and rice bran (RB) at levels of 0%, 4%, 7% and 10% each and the cooking yield, textural and sensory properties were assessed. Hardness, gumminess and chewi-ness increased and adhesiveness decreased with addition of PM and RB. Springiness and cohesiveness decreased with addition of PM and increased with addition of RB. Overall acceptability scores decreased with increased levels of PM and RB. PM and RB can be added in emulsion based meat products up to 4% and less than 4% levels respectively.

2 tables, 12 ref

012967   Khapre A P;Kulthe A A (Subject Matter Specialist, College of Food Technology Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani-431 402) : Formulation and storage studies of guava (Psidium guajava L.) - soybean (Glycine max) toffee. Int J Family Home Sci 2016, 12(1), 33-8.

Toffees were prepared by blending Guava (Psidium guajava L.) pulp with soya (Glycine max) slurry in different proportions (100:00, 93:07, 85:15 and 78:22). Addition of guava increased the level of ascorbic acid, fiber, calcium and phosphorous contents. With increase in concentration of soya slurry, the level of protein and fat in the toffees was observed higher as a result of which the concentration of sugar decreased. However, the combination of 85% fruit pulp and 15% soya slurry recorded highest score in sensory attributes revealing better consumer acceptability. Toffees could be stored safely for 2 months under ambient conditions (27 ± 0.5°C) while for 120 days at refrigerated conditions (5 ± 1°C).

4 tables

012966   Gurevich Y L;Teremova M I;Bondarenko G N; Kislan S L;Abhilash (ISCOESR, Krasnoyarsk Science Centre, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Scie, Russia, Email: btchem@mail.ru) : Bio-chemical leaching of kaolinite-hematite-boehmite type bauxite ore. Indian J chem Technol 2015, 22(5), 248-52.

Low grade bauxites of Severo-Onezhsky and Sredne-Timansky deposits of Russia have been evaluated for their amenability towards bioleaching. Two microbial isolates of Bacillus genera have been isolated in Zak medium and enriched to conduct leaching experiments of bauxites. The bacteria are chosen due their specific ability to secrete exo-polysaachrides (EPS), which is believed to be very beneficial in dissolution-cum-flocculation of aluminosilicates. The microbes have been able to leach nearly 50% alumina and nearly 10-35% SiO₂ and Fe₂O₃. Chemical leaching experiments with citric and oxalic acids on bauxite leaching result in a maximum extraction of aluminum to be nearly 39% at elevated concentrations of leaching agents and 2-8 hours residence time.

2 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

012965   Chen G L;Zheng F J;Sun J;Li Z C;Lin B;Li Y R (NO, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GXAAS)/ Sugarcane Research C, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China, Email: ganlin-chen@163.com) : Production and characteristics of high quality vinegar from sugarcane juice. Sugar Tech 2015, 17(1), 89-93.

A high quality sugarcane original vinegar drink was produced from fresh sugarcane juice using the wine yeast and LB acetate bacteria by submerged alcoholic fermentation followed by acetic fermentation at room temperature. The quality parameters of vinegar was investigated during the process of submerged fermentation. It was observed that the alcoholic fermentation period of 9 to 20 days and an acetic fermentation period of 15 to 21 days each in succession, produced the sugarcane quality vinegar with 3.04% (w/v) total acid and 4° alcoholicity. Besides the vinegar consisted of many saccharides (fructose, glucose, sucrose) and organic acids (oxalic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, acetic acid). The prominent ingredient of acetic acid ranged from 8.16 to 13.65 mg/g. Vinegar produced by this process yielded a yellow-brown colour with full wine aromas and cane flavour, mild and mellow, low-alcohol and strong odour of vinegar. The present study provides a new approach to process sugarcane byproducts, which contributes to the value-added production and processing of sugarcane.

5 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

012964   Chakrabarty D;Bibals R;Bandopadhyay R (NO, Godrej Consumer Products Limited, Research & Development, Pirojsha Nagar, Eastern Express Highway, Vikhroli (East), Mumbai-400 079, Email: debu4764@hotmail.com) : Insights into factors influencing the release of synthetic pyrethroids loaded on polymeric substrates. J Insect Sci 2015, 28(1), 1-7.

Synthetic pyrethroid compounds have been employed as effective mosquito control agents in a variety of consumer usable formats. The syntheses of novel generation pyrethroids has attracted a lot of attention in recent times, which, whilst being safer, possess superior efficacies compared to their earlier congeners. One such new generation synthetic pyrethroid is 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)benzyl(EZ)-(1RS,3RS;1RS,3SR)-2,2- dimethyl-3-prop-1-enyl cyclopropanecarboxylate commonly called metofluthrin. Metofluthrin possesses a relatively high vapour pressure coefficient under ambient conditions, and, therefore is amenable to self-diffusion. Thus, metofluthrin impregnated substrates have the potential to function as slow metofluthrin release formats, thereby, providing long lasting mosquito protection. We have attempted to investigate the reasons for differential release rates of metofluthrin from various polymer surfaces employing both physical, as well as, chemical characterisation techniques. The data demonstrates that metofluthrin release is primarily governed by the substrate pore dimensions, and, as a consequence, porosities of various polymeric surfaces. Under identical conditions of metofluthrin loading and release, it has been determined that the quickest release of metofluthrin was from cellulose, followed by nylon, poly-(ethylene) terephthalate and poly-(propylene) in that order. The release data has been found to be in good agreement with their corresponding polymer filament porosities. Surface spectroscopy studies did not reveal any chemical interaction between metofluthrin and various polymeric surfaces.

4 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref

012963   Antony R;Giri Nandagopal M S;Rangabhashiyam S;Anu N;Selvaraju N (Chemical Dep, National Institute of Technology, Calicut-673 601, Email: selvaraju@nitc.ac.in) : Numerical investigation of stratified flow-parallel reaction microchannel system: A deterministic approach. Indian J chem Technol 2015, 22(5), 258-63.

A deterministic based analytical model has been developed to study the mass transfer characteristics between the reactants in a liquid- liquid parallel flow microchannel reactor. Since each phase is continuous and parallel to each other, the interface between the phases is well defined. Convection and diffusion mass transfer mechanisms with a third order reaction is considered for the design of single dimensional deterministic model. The model is developed by considering the transport phenomena of the system and solved with the help of pdepe solver in Matlab 7.6.0. The effects of residence time with various concentration profiles are discussed. The study reveals that the concentrations of desired and undesired products mainly depend on the flow velocity and concentration gradient of the reactants. The time required for the equilibrium is inversely proportional to the pseudo mass transfer coefficient of the system.

4 illus, 1 table, 25 ref

011960   Vadaparthi P R R;Kumar K;Sarma V U M;Hussain Q A;Babu K S (Natural Products Chemistry Div, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Jammu and Kashmir, Email: suresh@iict.res.in) : Estimation of costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone in Saussurea lappa and its polyherbal formulations followed by their stability studies using HPLC-DAD. Pharmacog Mag 2015, 11(41), 180-90.

The present study was used for the quantification of costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone in S. lappa and its polyherbal formulations, stability studies of markers and characterization of their degradants. HPLC analysis was performed on Waters NOVAPAK HR C₁₈ column (300 mm x 3.9 mm i.d., 6 μm) using isocratic elution with acetonitrile and water (60:40% v/v). The calibration curves of both analytes showed good linearity within the established range 5-100 ιg/ml. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 1.5 and 4.6 μg/ml for costunolide and 1.3 and 4.0 μg/ml for dehydrocostus lactone, respectively. Good results were achieved with respect to repeatability (%RSD <60> 2.0) and recovery (99.3-101.8%). The method was found to be precise, accurate, specific, and was successfully used for analyzing costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone in S. lappa and its polyherbal formulations. The developed method was found to be suitable for stability studies of markers and characterization of their degradation products.

10 illus, 4 tables, 28 ref

011959   Sadek R;Youssif A;Elaraby A (NO, Arab Academy for Science Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT), Cairo, Egypt) : MPEG-4 video transmission over IEEE 802.11e wireless mesh networks using dynamic-cross-layer approach. Natn Acad Sci Lett 2015, 38(2), 113-19.

This paper proposes a dynamic cross-layer approach to enhance quality of MPEG-4 video stream transmission over an IEEE 802.11e wireless mesh networks. IEEE 802.11e standard either classifies video data to a specific access category (AC) which causes high packet loss at heavy load conditions or uses static mapping to map video data to lower priority AC which causes unnecessary transmission delays and packet losses in case of light load network. Some developed techniques dynamically map video frames to the other priority queues causing highly degradation in video quality. The paper work proposes a new approach that combines a new mapping cross-layer between the medium access control and the application layer for dynamically mapping video frames based on frame priority and queue load congestion with low priority queue parameters adaptation such as minimum and max contention window to reduce queuing delay. Proposed approach is compared with already developed schemes. Simulation results give high performance under light and heavy loads network traffic. All implementations are simulated using NS2 Simulator tool with required configuration to examine all possible types of traffics.

18 ref

011958   Mudakavi J R;Puttanna K (Chemical Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru-560 012, Email: jrm@chemeng.iisc.ernet.in) : Spectrophotometric determination of molybdenum with Syzygium jambolanum DC leaf extracts. Curr Sci 2015, 109(5), 949-53.

New spectrophotometric method for the determination of molybdenum in industrial materials has been developed using the leaf extract of Syzygium jambolanum DC based on the reaction of Mo (VI) at pH 7.0 to produce an orange-yellow complex with an absorption maximum at 426 nm. The molar absorptivity of the complex is 4.27 x 10^{4 l mol-1 cm-1 and the absorbance, is linear in the range 0.05-0.8 ppm. Sandell sensitivity coefficient was found to be 2.25 x 10-3 μg/cm2. The method is ten times more sensitive than the aqueous thiocyanate system. It has been applied successfully in micronutrient fertilizer, artificial freshwater and sea-water analyses.}

5 illus, 3 tables, 18 ref

011957   Kumar G P;Reddy G V S;Dhanapal K;Babu P H; Abarna S (Fish Processing Technology Dep, College of Fishery, Science, Muthukur, Nellore-524 344, Email: kdhanpal@yahoo.com) : Chemical and microbial changes and sensory changes of mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) stored in ice. Ecol Envir Conserv 2015, 21(Suppl-June), 499-506.

In the present study, an investigation was carried out on the quality assessment of Mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) stored in ice for 22 days with intermediate ice exchange for every 24 hours through sensory, microbial and chemical analyses. Significant changes were observed in the proximate composition of ice stored Mrigal on different days (P <60> 0.01) except for minerals (P <62> 0.01). The organoleptic quality of the ice stored Mrigal was significantly (P <60> 0.01) influenced by the Total Volatile Base Nitrogen (TVBN), Thio Barbutric acid (TBA), Free Fatty Acids (FFA), Water Holding Capacity (WHC) and microbial counts. The Total Plate count of mesophilic bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus decreased continuously while Psychrophiles, Pseudomonas spp, Aeromonas spp and H₂S producers increased in count. Escherichia coli, Faecal streptococci, Vibrio spp., Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes were completely absent throughout the study. The maximum shelf life of Mrigal in ice based on the organoleptic quality was 20 days.

2 illus, 6 tables, 36 ref

011956   Khapre A P;Yadgirwar B M;Babar M S (NO, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Borgaon, Satara, Maharashtra, Email: byadgirwar@yahoo.co.in) : Studies on formulation of pomegranate based herbal health beverage. Ecol Envir Conserv 2015, 21(Suppl-June), 383-5.

In the present study, processing technology has been standardized to prepare a Pomegranate (Punica granatum) based herbal health beverage blended with Adulasa (Justicia adhatoda), Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) leaf extract and Ginger juice to justify its health benefits. All ingredients were blended in notified proportions, i.e. 90% pomegranate juice, 4% ginger juice, 3% adulasa juice, 2.5% shatavari juice and 0.5% mint extract, then adjust the total soluble solids (TSS) content of beverage at 16 °Brix. Prepared beverage sterilized at 105 °C for 5-7 min., cooled to room temperature, and then packed in plastic bottles. The physicochemical attributes of beverage recorded 0.03% acidity, 4.4 pH, 5.60% reducing sugar, TSS 16° Bx, and has deep red colour. The herbal health beverage reported techno-economically feasible, consumer acceptable and found more superior on the basis of taste sensations justifiable for its nutraceutical potential.

1 table, 5 ref

011955   Karche R V;Tambe D;Mahale P S;Adsul S (Animal House and Dairy Science Dep, MKPV, Rahuri-413 722, Email: ranjitkarche89@gmail.com) : Sensory evaluation and chemical composition of probiotic dahi (yoghurt) incorporated with mango (Mangifera indica) pulp Cv. alphonso. Ecol Envir Conserv 2015, 21(Suppl-June), 181-4.

The aim of this research was to prepare and evaluate the sensory quality and chemical composition of dahi incorporated with mango (Mangifera indica) pulp cv. alphonso. The probiotic dahi was prepared by using Lactobacillus acidophilus culture @ 2% with different levels mango pulp- control i.e. 0% (T₀), 5% (T₁), 10% (T₂), 15% (T₃) and 20% (T₄). The fresh samples of dahi were analysed for sensory evaluation and chemical composition. On the basis of sensory evaluation, it is concluded that good quality acceptable dahi can be prepared by using 2% Lb. acidophilus and 10% mango pulp (T₂) containing 4.70% fat, 3.17% protein, 15.40% total solids and 0.85% lacic acid.

2 tables, 12 ref

011954   Karche R V;Shirsath S A;Mahale P S;Desale R J (Animal Husbandry and Dairy Science Dep, MPKV, Rahuri-413 722, Email: ranjitkarche89@gmail.com) : Sensory evaluation and chemical composition of cow milk shrikhand blended with sapota pulp. Ecol Envir Conserv 2015, 21(Suppl-June), 333-7.

Present investigation was carried out to assess the sensory evaluation and chemical composition of shrikhand during storage. Shrikhand was prepared from 90 per cent cow milk chakka blended with 10 per cent sapota pulp. The fat, protein, total solids and titratable acidity of shrikhand increased with increasing storage days. But the rate of increase was faster at room temperature than at refrigeration temperature. Moisture percentage, flavour, body and texture, colour and appearance and overall acceptability of shrikhand decreased with increasing storage days. The rate of decrease was faster at room temperature than at refrigeration temperature. It is reported that cow milk shrikhand blended with sapota pulp spoiled within 4 days when stored at room temperature while it was acceptable up to 8 days when stored at refrigeration temperature (4±1°C).

9 tables, 11 ref

011953   Jawandha S K;Gill M I S;Harminder Singh;Arora A (Fruit Science Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana, Punjab, Email: skjawandha@pau.edu) : Influence of temperature on ripening of winter guava. Ecol Envir Conserv 2015, 21(Suppl-June), 255-9.

To enhance the ripening of winter guava, physiologically mature fruits of guava cv. Sardar were kept at different temperatures ( 20, 25 & 30°C) and also at ambient conditions for ripening. Fruit samples were analysed at 24 hrs interval for ripening studies and various physico-chemical characteristics. Fruit ripening increased with the increase in ripening period and temperature. Fruits kept at 25 and 30°C showed rapid ripening than kept at 20°C, but fruits placed at ambient conditions failed to ripe. Sensory quality of fruits also increased during ripening, fruits kept at 25 and 30°C attained the highest sensory quality after 48hrs, whereas fruits kept at 20°C attained it after 72 hrs. Fruit firmness decreased significantly with increase in temperature and ripening period, minimum reduction in fruit firmness was recorded in fruits kept at ambient conditions. Spoilage of fruits also increased with ripening temperature and time. After 72 hrs of ripening, spoilage was noticed in fruits kept at 25 and 30°C. Total soluble solids of the fruits increased with ripening, but this increase was recorded up to 72 hrs in fruits kept at 20°C and up to 48 hrs at 25°C and 30°C. Fruit acidity showed a declining trend during ripening. Results revealed that fruits kept at 20°C ripened in 72hrs with highest sensory quality and minimum PLW.

6 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

011952   Gour V S;Datta M (NO, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity Univ Rajasthan, Amity House, 14 Gopal Bari, Ajmer Road, Jaipur-302 006) : Soil carbon sequestration through desert date based forestry in arid and salt affected regions. Natn Acad Sci Lett 2015, 38(2), 127-8.

Exigency in identification of suitable plant species with easy establishment and survival in drought prone areas, degraded land and salt affected regions to increase C sequestration has led the authors to explore. Desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca) belongs to family Balanitaceae, with very good C sequestration potential. It can withstand drought prone conditions and high salt content present in soil. The present short communication explains various aspects of the plant which will be beneficial in increasing soil C stock.

10 ref

011951   Ghule B K;Gavhane M S;Desale R J;Khore M C (Animal Husbandry and Dairy Science Dep, MPKV, Rahuri, Maharashtra, Email: Balajighule111@gmail.com) : Preparation of strawberry Lassi. Ecol Envir Conserv 2015, 21(Suppl-June), 489-92.

In the present study of strawberry fortified lassi the chemical compostion observed as Fat content ranges from 3.25% to 3.11%, Protein from 3.64% to 3.78%, Lactose from 3.73%, to 3.82%, Total sugar 13.92% to 16.29%, ash from 0.73% to 0.8%. Acidity (%LA) from 0.90 to 1.02 and pH from 4.13 per cent, respectively. The fat content of lassi samples decreases as increase in the level of strawberry pulp while lactose content increases as increase in the level strawberry pulp. The mean lactobacilli count was observed to be 4.33 x 10^{7 cfu/mL. It was observed that lassi samples under study did not show presence of any yeast and mould growth. The cost for the sensorial superior combination lassi prepared with 8 per cent sugar and 5 percent Strawberry pulp could make a 200 mL serving at Rs. 6.80 which may be sufficiently lower with the value added and nutritionally enriched combination of Strawberry pulp.}

3 tables, 14 ref

011950   Bashir T;Ali T M;Asrar M;Babar S (NO, Pakistan Council For Science and Technology, Shahrah-e-Jamhuriat, Islamabad, Pakistan, Email: drtariqbashir@yahoo.co.uk) : Performance and progress of OIC countries towards building technology development capacity. Curr Sci 2015, 109(5), 878-88.

This study evaluates the technology development capacity of 21 Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) countries based on technology achievement index. The state of four fundamental contributors of technology development capacity, i.e. technology creation, diffusion of old technologies, diffusion of recent technologies and development of human skills, essential for indigenous technology development or/and technology transfer and adaptation is studied for each of the 21 OIC countries. Each fundamental factor is represented by two indicators. Achievement gap, comparing with the highest achiever, has been calculated for all the countries. Based on the achievement gap analysis, progress of each country during the five-year period (2009-2014) in building technology development capacity has been assessed. Strong and weak areas have been mentioned for some selected countries. Technology development capacity and achievement gap analysis of individual countries present useful information for the policy makers and planners of the relevant countries to formulate appropriate policies and programmes for enhancing national capacity for technology development.

4 illus, 3 table, 26 ref

010935   Tiwari S;Parolia K;Yellenki Y K;Mathur V; Pujara H (NO, , ) : IT application in oil and gas sector (Digital Oil Field). J Petrol Engng Technol 2016, 6(1), 50-3.

At first glance, IT applications with the oil and gas sector would seem an unlikely match. The oil and gas IT service demands unique analysis and comprehensive data through live energy with decades of experience in the energy industry and intellectual property from energy insights. To ensure relevance, our analysts work with subscribers and market leaders to identify and prioritize specific topics to be covered in research reports. The oil and gas landscape presents unique opportunities and challenges across upstream, midstream, and downstream operations, and IT is a helping hand which makes the job easier and fast. IT applications play a vital role in oil and gas industry; they bring the whole oil and gas industry at ease as they simplify the operations in the whole sector. IT applications have changed the game in oil and gas sector. With the help of the IT applications the whole oil and gas sector now is more or less is dependent on IT applications, the current article is on how the IT plays a vital role in oil and gas sector helping the sector to flourish. IT is in every step, or we can say in the whole value chain of oil and gas sector.

010934   Sunita;Malik A K;Yadav S;Malik A;Kamaldeep; Jairath G;Ahlawat S S (Livestock Products Technology Dep, College of Veterinary Sciences Lale Lajpat Rai University of Veterinar, Hisar-125 004, Email: ahlawatess9@gmail.com) : Development of dietary fibre enriched chevon meat patties by incorporating carrot fibre ad dried pineapple pomace. Haryana Vet 2015, 54(2), 138-40.

Present study was carried to standardize the utilization of dried carrot pomace (DCP) and dried pineapple pomace (DPP) as fibre source for development of fibre enriched chevon meat patties. Various levels of carrot pomace (3 %, 6 % and 9 %), pineapple pomace (2 %, 4 % and 6 %) and their combinations at 3% DCP+2 % DPP (T₁); 6 % DCP+2 % DPP (T₂) and 3 % DCP+4 % DPP (T₃) were tried to determine the acceptability. On the basis of sensory evaluation the DCP at 6 % level, DPP at 4 % level and their combination at 3 % DCP+ 2 % DPP (T₁) were found acceptable and selected for further studies. Due to addition of fibre source there was significantly decrease in moisture content and an increase in protein, fat and ash content, relatively. Crude fiber content of all the treated patties increased significantly. It is concluded that dietaryfibre enriched chevon meat patties could be prepared with incorporation of DCP at 6 % level, DPP at 4 % level and their combination at 3 % DCP+2 % DPP level without compromising the sensory scores of the product.

2 tables, 14 ref

010933   Singh O;Singh R;Singh P (College of Horticulture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidy, , Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, Email: Omsingh1921@gmail.com) : Juice blends - a way of utilization of under-utilized fruits. Asian J Hort 2015, 10(1), 45-8.

Post-harvest shelf-life of maximum of fruits is very limited due to their perishable nature. In India more then 20-22 per cent of fruits are spoiled before utilization. Despite being the world's second largest producer of fruits, in India only 4 per cent of the total fruits produced are processed. Maximum amounts of fruit juices turn bitter after extraction due to conversion of chemical compounds. In spite of being under-utilized, the utilization of highly nutritive fruits and vegetables is very limited due to high acidity, astringency, bitterness and some other factors. While improving flavour, palatability and nutritive and medicinal value of various fruit juices such as aonla, mango, jackfruit, guava and jamun, used for juice blending. All these natural products are valued very highly for their refreshing juice, nutritional value, pleasant flavour and medicinal properties. Fruits are also a rich source of sugars, vitamins and minerals. However, some fruits have an off flavour and bitterness although they are an excellent source of vitamins, enzymes, and minerals. Therefore, blending of two or more fruit juices for the preparation of nutritive ready-to-serve (RTS), beverages is thought to be a convenient and economic alternative for utilization of these fruits. Moreover, one could think of a new product development through blending in the form of a natural health drink, which may also serve as an appetizer. The present it investigation focuses on the blending of fruits, under-utilized fruits in appropriate proportions for the preparation of natural fruit based nutritive beverages.

1 illus, 11 ref

010932   Sharma R;Sood M;Bandral J D;Slathia N (Food Science and Technology Div, S K University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu-180 018, Email: ritikasharma0623gmail.com) : Effect of incorporation of defatted flaxseed flour on functional and proximate composition of crackers. Indian J Ecol 2015, 42(2), 366-70.

Incorporation of roasted and partially defatted flaxseed flour in refined wheat flour increased the water absorption capacity, foam capacity and foam stability from 1.48 to 2.57 g g ^{-1D, 11.52 to 17.04 37 and 83.65 to 89.56 37, respectively. Dough produced from such flour blends was non sticky. The highest mean moisture (4.4837) was recorded in 037 flaxseed flour, whereas, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre and ash content of 15.31, 14.45, 4.56 and 2.25 per cent, respectively were observed with 3037 flaxseed flour. There was an increase in moisture but decrease in crude protein, crude fat and crude fibre content during 90 days of storage.}

4 tables, 10 ref

010931   Rafiq A;Makroo H A;Hazarika M K (Food Science and Technology Dep, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004, Email: aasima20@gmail.com) : Matlab toolbox for mathematical modelling of drying kinetics of tomato. Indian J Ecol 2015, 42(2), 444-8.

Present study aimed to evaluate the drying quality of underripe, ripe and overripe tomato using various known semi-theoretical models. To estimate and select the appropriate drying curve equation semi-theoretical and/or empirical models i.e. Exponential equation, Page's model, Power equation, 2nd Order Polynomial equation and Handerson were fitted using cftool of MATLAB TOOLBOX to the data and compared according to coefficients of determination (R^{2 and X2 ). Effects of drying air temperature, sample size and ripening stage on model constants and coefficients were studied by multiple regression analysis. Of all drying models, the semi-theoretical Midilli-Kucuk model was selected as best one, according to R2, SSE, RMSE and X2 of 0.998, 0.0036, 0.0124 and 0.0026, respectively. Analysis of a fully factorial experimental design indicated that temperature had more effect on drying kinetics than did size. A constant rate period was not observed in the drying of tomato rather all the drying process occurred in falling rate period.}

3 illus, 3 tables, 9 ref

010930   Ojha A;Sharma A;Sihag M;Ojha S (NO, Mansinhbhai Institute of Dairy and Food Technology, Dudhsagar Dairy Campus, Mehsana-384 002, Email: ankur_ojha21@rediffmail.com) : Food packaging - materials and sustainability. Agric Rev 2015, 36(3), 241-5.

Principal purpose of food packaging continues to be maintaining the safety, wholesomeness, and quality of food. The large growing middle class, liberalization and organized retail sector are the catalysts to growth in packaging. The key packaging materials are glass, metal, plastics, paper, laminates, co-extrusion and bio-degradable polymers, However there is a shift in demand which makes laminates and co-extrusion the finest among all. The major segments of packaging industry in India are flexible packaging, folding cartons, corrugated boards and boxes, labels, shrink sleeves and wrappings and glass bottles. While the concept of sustainable packaging like green polyethylene is also prevailing, which is a plastic produced from ethanol sugarcane, a renewable raw material. These sustainable packages are derived from food, which create the problem of competing with the food resources in future.

^iia1 illus, 1 table, 22 ref

010929   Nwachukwu A N;Chukwu G A;Onwukwe S I;Chukwu F (NO, , ) : Establishment of wax deposition index from saturates, aromatics, resins, asphaltenes analysis. J Petrol Engng Technol 2016, 6(1), 1-8.

Saturates, aromatics, resins, asphaltenes (SARA) analysis is one method of characterizing crude oils. It is versatile because it can apply to many components of the crude oil. SARA analysis furnishes one with the composition of any crude and ultimately gives an idea of the potential of the crude oil to precipitate and deposit wax. This analysis method usually breaks crude oil down into four components (saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes) according their solubility and polarity. SARA analysis results are always reported in terms of these four components and may not easily be understood by most decision makers at a glance without some explanation from laboratory analysts. Most importantly SARA analysis plays a vital role in providing information on whether or not a particular crude oil is waxy, a role that is not always obvious. Wax deposition index (WDI) bridges this gap by providing a single number from SARA analysis that captures the waxing potential of the crude as well as the degree of the waxicity. In this study, WDI was tested using a wide variety of SARA results from across the globe and has been found to be consistent. WDI could therefore be combined with other methods to determine the frequency of wax removal operations.

010928   Khinchi S K;Kumawat K C (Entomology Dep, SKN College of Agriculture, SKN Agriculture University, Jobner-303 329, Email: khinchi1976@rediffmail.com) : Newer synthetic and biorational insecticides against aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (fitch) on Plantago ovata Forsk.. Pesticide Res J 2014, 26(1), 30-4.

Relative efficacy of eleven insecticides against the aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) revealed that dimethoate emulsion (0.03%) was the most effective followed by imidacloprid (0.005% solution), thiamethoxam (0.025% dispersion) and acephate (0.037% solution). Vertimec (9.5 mg a.i. L^{-1 emulsion), spinosad (0.01% suspension) and diflubenzuron (0.05% emulsion) ranked in the middle order of effectiveness. Metarrhizium anisopliae (1x108 spores L-1), Beauveria bassiana (1 x108 spores L-1), karanj seed extract (5 mL L-1), and neem seed kernel extract (5 mL L-1) were the least effective. The maximum yield was recorded from the plots treated with dimethoate (7.79 q ha-1) followed by imidacloprid and thiamethoxam and the minimum from M. Anisopliae (5.37 q ha-1). The highest benefit:cost ratio (39.51:1) was obtained in dimethoate treatment followed by acephate (36.92:1) and imidacloprid (24.84:1). Plots treated with spinosad showed negative benefit:cost ratio (0.28:1).}

010927   Khadse A;Jadhav P (NO, , ) : Development of coalbed methane in India: comparison with global CBM basins. J Petrol Engng Technol 2016, 6(1), 25-30.

Gas consumption in India has grown at an annual rate of 10% from 2001-2011. To meet an increase in gas demand, India needs to develop unconventional gas resources like coal bed methane (CBM) and shale gas. India has 91 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of CBM resource. To develop CBM resource in India, CBM policy was frame in 1997 and first round of bidding took place in 2001. Till the end of round-IV of CBM bidding, Government of India awarded 33 CBM blocks to public and private industries. The prognosticated CBM resource for the awarded 33 CBM blocks is about 52 Tcf. Commercial CBM production has started from Raniganj (South) block since 14 July 2007 which now contributes 7.7 million standard cubic feet per day (MMscfd). In this study, the commercially successful global CBM basins have analyzed to understand important parameters for CBM productivity. Indian CBM blocks compared with commercially successful global CBM basins for depth, thickness and gas content. Study shows good CBM production potential in Indian CBM blocks. Technical, regulatory, environment and infrastructural aspects for CBM development in India is discussed.

010926   Juyal D;Singh A;Mahesh Kumar (Processing and Food Engineering Dep, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004, Email: amarjeetpau@rediffmail.com) : Production of powder from kinnow juice using spray drying technology. Agric Res 2015, 52(1), 37-41.

Experiments to produce powder from kinnow juice were carried out at three blends of maltodextrin with kinnow juice (35:65, 37.5:62.5, 40:60) and another blend of maltodextrin, sucrose and kinnow juice (40:10:50) using spray drying technique. These studies were conducted at three feed temperatures viz. 23°C, 26°C and 29°C to minimize heat loss in the blend and at three inlet temperatures i.e. 143°C, 146.5°C and 150°C which were near to glass transition temperature of maltodextrin (DE-20). The powder responses analysed were powder recovery, moisture content, dispersibility and colour. The powder recoveries were best at 40:60 blend (36.45%), inlet temperature of 146.5°C (36.34%) and feed temperature of 26°C (36.69%). For the blend of maltodextrin and sucrose with juice (40:10:50), powder recovery was 37.66%. The moisture content and dispersibility were found best at 40:60 blend as 5.55% and 87.13%, respectively. For the blend of maltodextrin and sucrose with juice, the moisture content was 4.60% while dispersibiity was 86.07%. The inlet temperature had significant effect on measure of psychometric lightness or darkness, psychrometric yellowness or blueness, colour change and chroma. Feed temperature had non-significant effect on colour parameters while blend proportions had significant effect on psychrometric redness or greenness and hue angle.

8 tables, 18 ref

010925   Ihenacho P C;Burby M;Nasr G G;Enyi G C (NO, , ) : Utilization of egg yolk as a non-toxic emulsifier in environmentally friendly invert emulsion drilling mud. J Petrol Engng Technol 2016, 6(1), 41-9.

Vegetable oil such as Jatropha has been shown to be a comparable alternative to diesel and mineral oils for environmentally friendly oil based drilling mud. However compatibility of the vegetable oils with the usual chemical additives is still a major challenge that calls for compatible and non-toxic substitutes. This study examined the suitability of hen egg yolk as a non-toxic emulsifier in invert emulsion drilling mud using vegetable oil continuous phase. 8 ml of the egg yolk which was separated from the albumen was added dropwise as a primary emulsifier to a 70/30 oil-water ratio invert emulsion drilling mud formulated with Jatropha vegetable oil. The electrical stability was tested using electrical stability tester at the recommended test temperature of 48.9°C and later at 120°C to check any variation at elevated temperature. The stability values in volts were 398 and 289 V respectively. A similar formulation using a standard emulsifier (versacleanVB) an amidoamine gave stability values as 201 and 188 V respectively indicating that higher stability was attained with the egg yolk. The viscosities of the mud samples were also tested giving plastic viscosities of 52 and 49 cP at 50°C for the egg yolk and verscleanVB emulsified mud respectively. This study indicates that egg yolk could serve as an emulsifier for vegetable oil based invert emulsion mud in line with non-toxic additives for environmental compatibility.

010924   Gupta F S;Kumar A;Hakeem H R;Shafat S (Livestock Products Technology Div, UAST-J, Jammu, Email: drarvindipt@gmail.com) : Effect of carrageenan on physico-chemical and sensory attributes of orange(Citrus Sinensis) fortified chicken patties from spent hen meat. Indian vet J 2015, 92(5), 13-16.

Study was aimed at utilization of carrageenan as stabilizer on emulsion based chicken meat product from spent hen meat by incorporating orange pulp (Citrus sinensis) as fiber source. Basic formulation and processing conditions were optimized. Effect of different levels of carrageenan on physico-chemical and proximate composition of orange pulp (Citrus sinensis) incorporated patties was evaluated. The addition of orange pulp (Citrus sinensis) significantly (P<60>0.05) decreased the emulsion stability and cooking yield but addition of carrageenan significantly (P<60>0.05) increased the cooking yield and emulsion stability. Orange (Citrus sinensis) @ 10% w/w replacement of lean meat can be utilized for preparation of chicken patties from spent hen meat based on proximate and sensory attributes. Carrageenan @ 1% can be used optimally in fiber fortified patties. So, fruit fiber incorporated emulsion based chicken patties from spent hen meat can be prepared with incorporation of 1% carrageenan.

1 table, 9 ref

010923   David J (Dairy Technology Dep, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad-211 007) : Studies on physicochemical quality and microbial parameters of fuctional coconut paneer. Pharma Innovation 2016, 5(2), 9-11.

With the current upward trend in national and international health awareness among the consumers, the demand for functional food has increased. This has forced the food industry for launching indigenous dairy products in the market with acceptable sensory characteristics. The present study was undertaken with different levels (95:05, 90:10, 85:15) of buffalo milk and coconut milk. The product was analyzed for organoleptic attributes (taste and flavour, colour and appearance, body and texture) by trained panelist using 9 point hedonic scale. Chemical quality (moisture, fat, protein, total solids, yield) and microbial quality (SPC, yeast and mould, coliform) were also analyzed. The coconut paneer with 90:10 ratio of buffalo milk and coconut milk was found to be best among others. Thus as far as product acceptability judged by organoleptic evaluation the treatment can be rated as T0 <62> T1<62> T2<62> T3.

2 illus, 3 tables, 6 ref

010922   Dalal S R;Jadhao K R;Bhogave A F;Paithankar D H;Tonde N (Horticulture Section, College of Agriculture, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola-444 104) : Storability studies in lime blended aonla ready to serve beverage. Ann Pl Physiol 2015, 29(1), 51-6.

The storability studies in lime blended aonla ready-to-serve beverage (RTS) were carried out at Post Harvest Technology Laboratory, Horticulture Section, College of Agriculture, Akola during the year 2011-2012 with the objectives to study the chemical changes and sensory qualities of lime blended aonla ready-to-serve (RTS) under different storage conditions and to find out the better storage condition for lime blended aonla beverage. The experiment was conducted in CRD which consisted of four treatments (ambient storage, cold storage, deep freeze storage and refrigerated storage) with five replications. The observations in respect of chemical analysis and sensory evaluation were recorded. From the findings it was observed that there was a gradual increase in TSS, reducing, non reducing, total sugars and pH content of the RTS irrespective of storage period. However, acidity and ascorbic acid content of RTS beverage decreased with the advancement of the storage period. Minimum change in TSS, reducing sugars, non reducing sugars, total sugars, ascorbic acid and pH was observed at deep freeze storage condition, while maximum change was recorded at ambient storage conditions. The lime blended aonla RTS when stored at ambient storage conditions. It was spoiled immediately after 24th day after storage. Further the taste, colour, flavour and overall acceptability scores decreased continuously during the storage period with an advancement of storage period. The lime blended aonla RTS stored at deep freeze storage conditions recorded more acceptable score.

2 table, 15 ref

010921   Bishnoi S;Ahlawat S S (Livestock Products Technology Dep, College of Veterinary Sciences Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinar, Hisar-125 004, Email: cunnin29@gmail.com) : Development of buffalo meat rolls incorporated with aloe vera gel and arjun tree bark extract. Haryana Vet 2015, 54(2), 174-7.

Objective of the present study was to develop buffalo meat rolls by incorporating extracts from natural medicinal plants viz Terminalia arjuna and aloe vera at 2, 4 and 6% level (each) for selecting optimum level of incorporation and their effect on the texture profile of the developed products. Aloe vera gel (at 4% level) in meat rolls resulted in slightly higher scores for juiciness and tenderness than arjun tree bark extract (at 2% level) but no significant difference in both these samples for overall sensory scores were observed and were comparable to controls. On the basis of sensory scores, 4% level of aloe vera gel and 2% level of arjun tree bark extract were found suitable for incorporation and selected for further studies. The hardness, springiness and cohesiveness of the developed products were comparable to control samples. The buffalo male calf meat rolls with good sensory and textural properties can be developed by incorporating 4% aloe vera and 2% arjun tree bark extracts.

2 tables, 26 ref

010920   Bhosale R R et al (Chemical Engineering Dep, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar, Email: rahul.bhosale@qu.efdu.qa) : Oxidative degradation of CO₂ absorbing aqueous amine solvents. Pollut Res 2015, 34(2), 237-45.

In this paper, efforts were made towards finding a suitable replacement for monoethanolamine (MEA) by investigating the oxidative degradation of various aqueous amines such as diethanolamine (DEA), triethanolamine (TEA), methyl diethanolamine (MDEA), ethylaminoethanol (EAE), and diethylaminoethanol (DEAE). A comparative oxidative degradation study was performed by using a high temperature high pressure subcritical reactor at 150°C by using an accelerated oxidative degradation approach. The results obtained indicate that aqueous EAE undergoes less % oxidative degradation as compared to other aqueous amines. Furthermore, the effect of addition of free radical scavenger (FRS) on oxidative degradation of aqueous EAE and formulated solvent [aqueous mixture of EAE and N-methyl-2-pyrolidone (NMP)] was also examined. The results obtained illustrate that carbonate salts of potassium are one of the promising FRS as it reduces the % oxidative degradation of both aqueous EAE and formulated solvent significantly.

7 illus, 6 tables, 27 ref

010919   Amith R;Patil R M;Paramagoudar P; Chikkasubbanna V (Horticulture Dep, , Bengaluru-560 004, Email: ravishankar.horti@gmail.com) : Role of chemical floral preservatives on vase life of cut flowers of gerbera cv. Shangria. Indian J Ecol 2015, 42(2), 557-6.

Gerbera cv. Shangria was subjected to twelve different treatment combinations to study the vase life. The application of 50ppm silver nitrate + 4% sucrose + 200 ppm 8-HQS + 100ppm silver thiosulphate was found beneficial in extending the vase life of the cultivar to 9 days. This provides an option for extending the vase life of cut gerbera flowers.

1 table, 3 ref

009884   Yung-Chi Y;Yu-Shu S;Yin-Ting L;Shian-Fang C; Chih-Hsien C;Yao-Hsing H (NO, Everlight Chemical Industrial Corporation 6th Fl, 77 Tun-Hua S. Rd. Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C) : Novel light stabilizers for environmental friendly coatings. Paintindia 2014, 64(5), 72-5.

High solids, powder, waterbome, UV curable coatings, Waterborne UV curable coatings - the green coatings -have been developed to replace conventional high VOC and solvent-based coatings. It has overcome the disadvantages of traditional solvent-based coatings. However, the green coatings still need light stabilizers to help avoid degradation from sun light and improve weather stability. Everlight Chemical Industrial Corporation (ECIC) has developed several unique produces specifically for green coatings.

5 illus

009883   Yatsyuk K M;Fedorovska M I;Barna O M (The Organization of Economics in Pharmacy and Technology Dep, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical Univ, Ukraine) : Granules composition and technology development based on condensed cranberry juice for urological use. Pharma Innovation 2015, 4(8), 29-30.

This work is aimed to develop granules composition and technology based on condensed cranberry juice for urological use; study their technological properties according to the requirements of the Ukraine State Pharmacopoeia. At the first stage it was composed the composition of excipients (diluents and disintegrants) to obtain granules with maximum quantity of condensed cranberry juice by wet granulation method. The greatest amount of active substance was incorporated by mixtures: glucose guar gum (10:4), sucrose guar gum (10:4), and lactose guar gum (10:4) in the amount of 9, 5 and 9 parts of condensed cranberry juice respectively. The next step was to determine particle size distribution, disintegration and mechanical strength of above samples all granules were submitted these criteria according with the Ukraine State Pharmacopoeia requirements.

3 tables, 6 ref

009882   Veeramani (NO, , ) : Water based coatings additives - wetting agents & surfactants. Paintindia 2015, 65(4), 104-9.

009881   Veeramani (NO, , ) : Water based coatings additives - dispersing agents. Paintindia 2015, 65(5), 104-8.

This review mainly deals with the topics of self-cleaning coatings, focuses on the materials/ingredients that have been used in applications and recent technology that aims to improve these materials. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic techniques in coatings are discussed, and the various mechanisms of self-cleaning are described and related to the properties of materials of the coatings. Although several multinational companies have released products incorporating self-cleaning coatings, there remains much potential in this field, different characterization techniques and feasibilities of material testing are also discussed and analyzed. Though several companies have commercialized a few products based on self-cleaning coating technology, much potential still remains in this field. The scope of this article orbits around hydrophobic and hydrophilic coatings, their working mechanism, fabrication techniques that enable the development of such coatings, various functions like Anti-icing, Electro wetting. Surface switch ability and the areas where self-cleaning technology can be implemented.

3 illus

009880   Shanmugam N;Nagrakar R D;Kurhade M (NO, ICAR Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology(CIRCOT), Adenwala Road, Matunga, Mumbai-400 019, Email: dr.shanmugam@gmail.com) : Microcrystaline cellulose power from banana pseudostem fibres using bio chemical route. Indian J nat Prod Resour 2015, 6(1), 42-50.

Microcrystalline cellulose powder was prepared from banana pseudostem fibres. The conventional method for preparing cellulose powder requires cooking of raw material with high concentration of alkali followed by washing, bleaching and grinding. In this study cellulose powder was prepared by a method which was developed by CIRCOT in which raw material (banana fibres) were subjected to anaerobic treatment in the presence of microbial consortium for 7 days at room temperature. Fibres were washed with water and cooked in 1% alkali at 100°C for 30 min. followed by bleaching and thorough washing. Hydrolysis of bleached pulp was carried out using 2.5N HCl to get the microcrystalline cellulose powder and studied the properties of the produced cellulose powder such as moisture content, ash content, cellulose content, starch content, pH value, solubility, degree of polymerization, molecular weight, particle size, degree of compressibility, x-ray crystalinity and infrared spectroscopy. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) powder prepared from banana fibres has properties at par with commercial grade MCC.

6 illus, 2 table, 40 ref

009879   Shamim M Z;Singh S;Srivastava S;Siraj P (Foods and Nutrition Dep, SHIATS-Du, Naini Allahabad, Email: singh.shikha489@gmail.com) : Nutrient profilling and antioxidant potential of three different varieties of Zingiber officinale. Int J pharm Res Allied Sci 2015, 4(2), 119-26.

Nutritional composition was determined by the standardized procedure as described by AOAC where as Antioxidant activity was determined by Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and 1, 1-Diphenyl Hydrazyl (DPPH) assay. It was seen that the mean value of three different varieties and three different parts of ginger showed 16% increase in % antiradical activity along with 54% increase in TPC in mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry wt. from inner to outer part. A significant difference (P<60>0.05) in antioxidant activity between three varieties and three parts of ginger was found. Total phenolic content was higher in outer part in comparison to middle and inner part of all the three varieties and it was highest in the outer part of the variety IP376 showing the highest value of 800mg Gallic acid equivalent/gm dry wt. The % antiradical scavenging activity was higher in outer part in comparison to middle and inner part of all the three varieties and it was highest in the outer part of the variety IP376 showing the highest value of 82.50%. Therefore the result revels that the outer part of ginger contains maximum amount of antioxidant compared to inner and middle part. Thus it can be concluded that ginger appears to be good and safe source of natural antioxidant which play a major role in preventing many degenerative diseases such as cardio vascular diseases, diabetes and cancer etc because of its antiviral, antibacterial and antioxidant properties.

9 illus, 3 tables, 8 ref

009878   Sachan A (NO, Asian Paints R & T Centre, Plot No. C-3B/1, Pawane, TTC Industrial Area, Behind Savita Chemicals, Turbhe, Navi Mumbai-400 703, Email: paintindia@gmail.com) : Recent trends in self-cleaning coatings. Paintindia 2015, 65(4), 53-6.

Nature has inspired scientists to create hydrophilic and hydrophobic paint surfaces. Considerable efforts have been made over the last few decades for developing self-cleaning surfaces exhibiting high contact angles for both polar and non-polar liquids. Self-cleaning coatings are becoming a requirement as integral part of our daily life because of their utility in various applications. Self-cleaning coatings are applied to maintain interior and exterior hygiene of the build ing structure and also in many automotive appliances. This paper is regarding various approaches in self-cleaning coatings like superhydrophilicity, superhydrophobicity and Omniphobicity. Nano TiO2 chemically breaks down organic dirt, adsorbed onto the surface. Dirt can be washed with water sheets due to superhydrophilicity. Superhydrophilicity is required for uniform cleaning of the surfaces. While superhydrophobic coatings impart water beading due to high contact angle which in turn keep surface clean. Omni phobic (omni: all; phobic: repellent) due to very low surface tension value and surface morphology repel almost all types of liquids from paint surface. A broad range of applications of omniphobic coatings are: in Decorative & automotive field, permaclean cloths, anti-icing coatings for metals etc.

15 illus, 42 ref

009877   Patil S;Mahajan Y (NO, , Auto Group Technology Div, PPG Asian Paints Pvt. Ltd., Email: paintindia@gmail.com) : Importance of rheological additives in coatings : a review. Paintindia 2015, 65(4), 67-74.

Flow behavior is one of the most important methodological properties of a coating system, it determines to a great extent the usability and accessibility of the coating material. Rheology is the science of flow and deformation of matter and rheological additives are used to control and modify this flow behavior. When a coating system is stored pigments and fillers tend to settle and form sediments, which can be quite hard at times and hence difficult to re-disperse. Application of a coating at higher film thickness on a vertical or inclined substrate can show sagging or runs down. Higher viscosities in the lower shear range and vice versa substantially reduce both sedimentation and sagging. This results in a longer shelf life and less setting. However, the rheological properties described above may also have undesirable effects on deaeration /de-foaming and surface flow of the coating: air bubbles rise to the coating surface more slowly and the leveling of the surface is impaired. Clearly, the "right" flow behavior is always a compromise determined by the application parameters for each application. To achieve proper leveling and antisagging as well as anti-settling property, the rheological agents play an important role in system.

10 illus, 30 ref

009876   Motghare C;Raut S (NO, , PPG Asian Paints Pvt Ltd, Email: paintindia@gmail.com) : Role of hyper branched polymers in coatings. Paintindia 2014, 64(5), 51-62.

Hyper branched polymers are more attractive because of their polydispersity and the less perfect globular shape. Unlike conventional polymers, the high number of end groups and their nature participate actively in the physical properties (solubility, glass transition temperature and viscosity) in combination with the backbone structure. This characteristic is exceptional since it leads to the possibility of designing the macromolecule with the combination of many different end groups, thus defining the type of reactive chemistry, properties and applications. Hyperbranchedpolymers also have received much attention due to their unique chemical properties as well as their potential applications in coatings, additives, drug and gene delivery, macromolecular building blocks, nanotechnology, and supramolecular science. Hyperbranched polymers can be prepared by means of single monomer methodology (SMM) and double-monomer methodology (DMM). Too many factors have to be considered such as nature of end groups, branching density, flexibility of the repeating units, and in addition, the broad molar mass distribution can obscure specific effects. Hyper branched and dendritic polymers show low viscosities at high molecular weights. For coating applications, this should be highly interesting in terms of the environmental issues, where legislation plays an important role in the future trend towards coatings with lower VOCs than today. However, favourable viscosity is not the only property to which hyper branched polymers can contribute. The technology of hyper branched polymers is still new and largely unexplored. Numerous parameters affect physical as well as mechanical and chemical properties.

^iia2 tables, 9 illus, 8 ref

009875   Mehta N;Sharma B D;Kumar P (Livestock Products Technology Div, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Email: nmvet220@gmail.com) : Storage quality and shelf life evaluation of vacuum packaged chicken patties fortified with calcium, alphatocopherol and ascorbic acid at refrigerated temperature. Haryana Vet 2013, 52(Dec), 112-5.

Present study was carried out to determine the storage quality and shelf life of low fat chicken patties fortified with calcium, alpha tocopherol and ascorbic acid. The patties were prepared as per prior optimized formulation and standardized processing conditions. The low fat fortified designer chicken patties and control i.e. product without fortification were packaged in multilayer nylon pouches and stored at refrigeration (4±1°C) for 42 days. The samples were drawn and analyzed at 14 days interval for pH, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reacting substances, sensory evaluation and microbiological quality. The study revealed significantly lower (P<60>0.05) pH, TBA value, total plate count and psychrotropic count in fortified chicken meat patties as compared to control. Both control and fortified patties exhibited a gradual decrease in sensory panel ratings with storage, however, the values were in moderate acceptability range till the end of experiment.

2 table, 25 ref

009874   Medda S;Dey U;Chakraborty D;Datta J K;Mondal N K (Environmental science Dep, The Univ of Burdwan, Burdwan-713 104, Email: nkmenvbu@gmail.com) : Efficacy of Adhatoda zeylanica Medik. leaf as mosquito repellent. Indian J nat Prod Resour 2015, 6(1), 33-7.

Herbal products are cheaper and effective than chemical based mosquito repellent, therefore an attempt has been made to prepare a 100% herbal product based on traditional practices and rural wisdom. Present study was conducted for effective utilization of Basak (Adhatoda zeylanica Medik. syn. A. vasica Nees) as a mosquito repellent. Seven varieties of products were prepared from its leaves with different natural compositions. Study results revealed that maximum percentage of weight loss with V₇ variety followed by V₁ and lowest in variety V₆. Almost all varieties of bio-cake burned within 35 - 45 minutes except variety V₅, which took 60 minutes to complete burning. Variety V₆ showed highest ash content (7.70 g) and lowest ash was recorded for V₅ (1.67 g) after complete burning. The emission of CO₂, CO and O₃ was recorded as V₂<62>V₄<62>V₃<62>V₅ ≈ V₇<62>V₁<62>V₆; V₅<62>V₆<62>V₁<62>V₇<62>V₄<62>V₂<62>V₃ and V₅>V₃ ≈ V₄ ≈ V₇>V2>V₁>V₆, respectively during burning of bio-cake. On the other hand knock down experiment demonstrated that almost all varieties of bio-cakes are effective as mosquito repellent. But only two varieties (V₆ and V₇) caused more than 50% knock down. Finally the emission of gaseous product was compared with a synthetic mosquito coil.

2 illus, 2 table, 14 ref

009873   Mane T D (NO, Kansai Nerolac Paints Ltd Nerolac House, Ganpatrao Kadam Marg Lower Parel, Mumbai-400 013, Email: paintindia@gmail.com) : Eco-filler: fly ash. Paintindia 2014, 64(5), 61-8.

Innovative recycling technology, transforming coal-fired power station fly ash from a waste into valuable eco-i mineral fillers and extenders for industrial scale brings a great source of inorganic mineral filler. Fly ash needs to be considered as a "resource", and hence it just can't be "disposed" off but should be "utilised" fruitfully. By using this mineral filler we can cut production costs, increase margins and improve profitability, while simultaneously greening supply chain. Fly ash / Cenospheres can bring a wide range of important benefits through lower energy usage or higher loadings, or as a result of the replacement of more expensive minerals. These benefits depend on the polymer, application and materials currently being used; whether flexible or rigid, thermoplastic or thermosetting and replaced conventional and man-made inorganic fillers and extenders such as talc, CCC, glass fibres, glass microspheres, barytes, dolomite, clay. Fundamental advantages of using fly ash as filler are being spherical; relatively hard; and free flowing. By beneficiation process removal of any residual surface alkali salts results in enhanced performance of fly ash filler in coatings.

5 illus, 30 ref

009872   Mamata Rani;Mehta B (Foods and Nutrition Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: mamtarajoria12@gmail.com) : Review on health benefits of dietary fiber. Ann Agri Bio Res 2015, 20(1), 139-42.

Dietary fiber intake provides many health benefits. People taking high amount of dietary fiber appear to be at significantly lower risk for developing coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes, hypertension, obesity and certain gastrointestinal diseases. Increasing fiber intake lowers blood pressure and cholesterol level. Increased intake of soluble fiber improves glycemia and insulin sensitivity in diabetic individuals. Fiber supplementation in obese individuals significantly enhances weight loss. Increased fiber intake benefits a number of gastrointestinal disorders viz., duodenal ulcer, diverticulitis, irritable bowel syndrome, constipation and hemorrhoids. Dietary fiber also decreases the risk of colon cancer. Dietary fiber intake provides similar benefits for children as for adults. Recommended allowance of fiber is 30 g/day or 12 g/1000 kcal for a normal healthy adult.

20 ref

009871   Kupchak I;Genyk N (Obstetrics and Gynecology Dep, Ivano-Frankivsl National Medical Univ, Ukraine) : Combination therapy of uterine cervical ectopy in young nulliparous women. Pharma Innovation 2015, 4(8), 41-4.

Actuality of the study of cervical pathology is caused by a significant degree of abnormality detection in young nullipara and the probability of further malignancy, especially if it is associated with papillomavirus infection. According to the literature data uterine cervical ectopy occurs in 38.8% of the female population and in 54.2% of gynecological patients; 49.2% of women with ectopy are under 25 years of age. Increasing frequency of cervical pathology background in nulliparous women, correlates to the growth of diseases of the genital system, sexually transmitted infections, including human papillomavirus of high oncogenous risk. These abnormal conditions attract practitioners and scientists attention, as they can be the basis of malignancy. The research is based on examination of 52 nulliparous women from 18 to 25 years of age (average age was 22.3 Añ 0.42 years) with diagnosed cervical ectopy on the background of hormonal dysfunction. Depending on the chosen treatment, women were divided into 2 groups. Group I included 25 women. They were made argon plasma coagulation on the 5th-7th day of menstrual cycle, depending on the duration of their menstrual discharge. The treatment in this group of patients was characterized by the administration of hormonal contraceptive drug "Jazz plus" from the first day of the menstrual cycle on which APC was scheduled, with further drug administration for the period of 6 months. Group II counted 27 women, who were made the argon plasma coagulation only. The use of minipill hormone oral contraceptive combined with argon plasma coagulation of the cervix in young women provides an opportunity to accelerate regeneration processes of multilayer squamous epithelium and normalize the menstrual function and level of sex hormones.

12 ref