013047   Doraiswamy H (NO, Shalimar paints Ltd, ) : 'Telling' tales for towering success some day is to-day, beware of the fatal someday sundrome. Paintindia 2009, 59(10), 118-20.

013046   Dhoke S K;Khanna A S (NO, Indian Institute of Technology Mumbai, Mumbai, Email: shaileshdhoke@iitb.ac.in) : High performance waterborene coatings using nanotechnology. Paintindia 2009, 59(8), 105-12.

A low molecular weight, alkyd-based waterborne anticorrosive coating was formulated with resin: cross-linker ratio of 70:30. The coating was modified with nano-ZnO particles as pigments in different concentrations (0.01%, 0.02% and 0.03% by weight) to form a nano-composite coating. The nano-ZnO modified composite coatings were applied on mild steel substrate by dipping. The coated panels were subjected to various test environments like salt spray, humidity and UV-weathering. The improvements in electrochemical performance of the composite coatings were evaluated using various analytical techniques like scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The result showed that, with increase in the concentration of nano-ZnO there was an improvement in the corrosion resistance and UV resistance of the coatings indicating the positive effect of addition of nano-ZnO particles to the coatings.

7 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

013045   Deodhar K K (NO, Spectra Coatings, Pune, Email: kiron_kd@yahoo.com) : Go green concept of paints and coatings. Paintindia 2009, 59(7), 125-6.

013044   Choudhary R B;Kamboj M (Center for Advanced Technology, Haryana Engineering College Jagadhari, Yamunanagar (Haryana)-135 003, Email: rbchec@yahoo.co.in) : Dacro coating : hydrogen embrittlement free and cost competitive anti-corrosion coating technology for the automotive, navigation and marine engineering applications. Paintindia 2009, 59(9), 99-106.

8 illus, 1 tables, 3 ref

013043   Chawan D L (NO, Asian PPG Ind. Ltd., L.B.S. Marg, Bandup, (West) Mumbai-400 078) : Paramagnetic coatings. Paintindia 2009, 59(10), 97-100.

New generations of coatings have been developed called Paramagnetic coatings. These are based on a special polymer embedded with superparamagnetic materials such as iron oxide particles or other paramagnetic ions. The orientation of nanoscale crystalline particles of iron oxide is controlled using a low grade magnetic field which is used to effect the spacing of the colloidal crystals and thereby controlling their ability to reflect light and change color. These coatings also find applications in medical field such as medical devices to make them visible inside the body with MRI, EPR Oximetry for measuring oxygen concentration in tissues, pain relief compositions, etc.

1 illus, 17 ref

013042   Bhattacharyya S (NO, Berger Paints India Limited, 14 & 15 Swarnomoyee Road, Howhrah-711 103) : Solvent concentration analysis of electrodeposition bath sample using GLC and the relevant calculations with C programming. Paintindia 2009, 59(6), 49-54.

This study gives a guideline to analyse the day-to-day solvent concentration of electrodeposition bath sample to maintain the consistency of the primer coating on the articles. The method contains some complicated calculations. To avoid such complicacy, a programming is developed with C language which will make the process simpler and time saving.

3 illus, 3 tables, 5 ref

013041   Bhatt S S;Chovatiya S G;Shah A r;Katakiya J V (NO, B.R. Doshi School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel Univ, Vallabh Vidyanagar-388 120, Email: bhatt.sujata@gmail.com) : Effect of enzyme supplementation in practical diet for rohu (Labeo rohita) fingerlings. Prajna 2010, 18(1-4), 9-12.

The effect of pretreatment of agro-based supplementary feed with a crude fungal xylanase produced by Aspergillus foetidus (MTCC 4898) were evaluated on rohu fingerlings. The agro-based supplementary feed (defatted groundnut oil cake (GNOC) and rice bran) was treated with crude xylanase at the rate of 184 U/gm. The pretreatment of feed with xylanase resulted in a significant (P <60> 30.05) increase in the reducing sugar content and non-significant decrease in the crude fiber content. The growth performance and chemical composition of fingerlings fed with xylanase treated diet were found to be better than fishes fed on the control diet. At the same time, mean survival of rohu fingerlings was 100%. The results of the present study indicate that xylanase treatment of supplementary feed can be effective for improving the growth of the rohu fingerlings.

4 tables, 26 ref

013040   Bhanu V A;Panchal K K;Joshi C K;Shinde S T; Stevens G;Kumar R;Singh A P;Bokade V V;Joshi P N (NO, Elantas Beck India Limited, 147, Mumbai Pune Road, Pimpri, Pune-411 018) : Synthesis of diamino diphenyl methane (DDM) isomers using modified dealuminated Hy catalyst for wire enamel resins. Paintindia 2009, 59(5), 77-86.

This work focuses on the synthesis of di amino diphenyl methane (DDM) using heterogeneous zeolite catalyst and evaluating its suitability in the wire enamel resins. The study consists of optimization of reaction conditions for making DDM isomer mixture containing at least 75% of 4,4'-DDM isomer. Out of the three catalysts studied (H ZSM 5, H Beta andCBV720), CBV720 was found to perform well. CBV 720 was further modified with boric acid, phosphoric acid and Tetra ethyl ortho silicate to prepare new catalysts with comparable efficacy. The DDM mixture made with boron modified CBV 720 was found suitable for preparing a poly ester imide wire enamel resin.

2 illus, 5 tables, 13 ref

013039   Baraskar N V (NO, Kansai Nerolac Paints Ltd., Nerolac House, Ganpatrao Kadam Marg, Lower Parel, Mumbai-400 013) : Electrocoating: an environomic technology superceding customer expectations. Paintindia 2009, 59(9), 83-98.

Electrocoat is a technology used globally to achieve high quality, low cost finishes at a level of efficiency and environmental compliance, no other finishing method approaches. Cathodic epoxies for ultimate corrosion resistance 8 cathodic acrylics as a best combination of moderate corrosion resistance, exterior durability and color control as a single coat, has revolutionized the automotive, general and appliance industries, and has greatly improved the quality and durability of components. Approximately 98% of automobiles produced worldwide are now primed with electrocoat. Cathodic epoxies define the global benchmark for corrosion resistance, throw power, operational reliability & will deliver the ultimate performance to the end user. This process also gives the user the ability to control the film thickness over complex parts and assemblies. Electrocoat technology will continue to maximize performance while minimizing environmental emissions and total applied cost. HAPS-free and VOC-free systems will be used by all electrocoat markets, without sacrificing performance. Operational efficiency and productivity benefits resulting in lower operating costs) will continue to position electrocoat as the coating method of choice for many applications. Here efforts are made to understand the electrocoat technology, its advantages over other finishes, recent developments in Ecoat paints, process & its applications in various fields.

4 illus, 2 tables, 23 ref

013038   Athawale V D;Kulkarni m A (Chemistry Dep, Mumbai Univ, Vidyanagari, Mumbai-400 098, Email: vilasda@yahoo.com) : Synthesis and evaluationof acrylate modified polyurethane dispersion by semibatch emulsion polymerization technique. Paintindia 2009, 59(7), 85-98.

Polyurethane dispersions (PUDs} have been an active area of research since the early 1940s because of legislative restrictions on the use of organic solvents in conventional solvent-based products. However, PUDs are not a direct plug-in for the solvent-based polyurethanes. One of the drawbacks of PUDs is their relatively higher cost. To compensate for the higher cost and to improve the property/performance, the PUDs are blended with other low cost acrylic emulsions. Aqueous polyurethane- acrylic hybrid emulsion was prepared by emulsion polymerization of a mixture of acrylic monomers (butyl acrylate, styrene, and acrylic acid) in the presence of polyurethane dispersion and characterized by using infrared spectroscopy, particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscopy. The thermal and mechanical properties were examined by thermogravimetric analyzer, differential scanning calorimetry and hardness testers. It was found that the thermal resistance, chemical resistance, hardness, glass transition temperature can be noticeably increased by acrylate incorporation in PU matrix. The morphology of hybrid dispersion was we/I defined and properly controlled by latex composition and compatibility of both phases.

7 illus, 5 tables, 11 ref

013037   Athawale V D;Kulkarni M A (Chemistry Dep, Mumbai Univ, Vidyanagari, Mumbai-400 098, Email: vilasda@yahoo.com) : Review on recent developments in polyurethane/acrylate hybrid dispersions. Paintindia 2009, 59(10), 67-96.

Development of high quality coatings with zero to low VOCs is one of the most difficult challenges that the coating industries are facing today. Various approaches to meet the new requirements, particularly to reduce VOC emissions, are being pursued. The use of waterborne coatings has increased substantially and has surpassed solventborne in volume. Aqueous polyurethane dispersion (PUD) is one such boon to coating industry. Due to potential large volume of applications combined with versatility in the properties, a good amount of work is being done on this topical issue of aqueous polyurethane dispersions. However, the controversy over the cost and hydrolytic stability of PUDs has driven researchers to concentrate on hybrid coatings. Many attempts have been made to trim down the relatively high cost of PUDs and to match their performance attributes with solvent borne coatings. Due to consistent efforts put in by many researchers in this field during the last couple of decades, significant progress has been accomplished in developing the understanding of the subject. Several papers and few review articles have come out that are devoted to use of these products and their commercial applications. The aim of this review is to offer a better understanding of the basic aspect of the hybrid polyurethane dispersions, with the hope that it may serve both as a reference work and as a starting point for future work. This article is an extensive review of the literature on aqueous polyurethane/acrylate hybrid systems that use water as a carrier. It generally covers the period from 1981 to 2009 with special emphasis on recent development after the turn of century. This review will give a general overview of the polyurethane dispersions, their synthesis and modification techniques as well as strategies used for the preparation of the PUDs and hybrids, putting a number of recent studies into collective context.

4 illus, 1 tables, 128 ref

012032   Vijayabarathi T;Vijayarani K;Noel M (Electro Organic Div, Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi-630 006, Email: viji_mathi@yahoo.com) : Evaluation of porous nickel hydroxide electrode for the oxidation of aliphatic and aromatic primary alcohols. Indian J chem Technol 2010, 17(6), 411-18.

The positive plate of Ni-Cd battery was evaluated as Ni(OH)₂/NiOOH electrode for the oxidation of six aromatic and five aliphatic alcohols. In addition to galvanostatic preparative electrolysis, cyclic voltammetnc experiments were also carried out. The anode material after electrolysis was evaluated using SEM and XRD. Except in the case of chlorine substituted aromatic alcohols the nickel hydroxide electrode showed excellent stability even after the reuse for nearly 10-15 times. In 0.1 M KOH containing 67% tertiary butanol + 33% water as electrolyte, aromatic alcohols gave predominantly aldehyde in good yield. In alkaline solutions without the co-solvent tertiary butanol aromatic alcohols were oxidized to their corresponding carboxylic acids. Short chain aliphatic alcohol (C5) gave reasonable yield of carboxyiic acid. Long chain alcohols showed limited solubility in alkaline medium with and without co-solvent tertiary butanol and the yields of carboxylic acids were also poor.

3 illus, 3 table, 24 ref

012031   Vijay C H;Reddy R M (NO, Vikrama Simhapuri Univ, Nellore) : Trends in the consumption of livestock food products. Life Sci Bull 2010, 7(2), 269-71.

One of the basic and most important parameter of determining quality of life is the status of nutritional security of the nation. Food products of animal origin have played a key role as suppliers of calories and proteins in virtually all parts of the world since the beginning of the history. The per capita consumption of LFP's in India is much lower than in developed countries. Consumption of meat, egg and milk in India in 2008 were 6.16, 2.4 and 84 kg/capita/year, respectively, where as the same figures for developed countries were 91.9, 22.0 and 274 kg/capita/year, respectively. However, the growth rates in consumption of LFP's in India over the last 3 decades have been much higher than in developed countries. Regression results revealed significant and positive impact of population growth on consumption of bovine meat, mutton, goat meat and pig meat, where as poultry meat consumption decreased with increasing population. Income growth had significant and positive impact upon consumption of poultry meat, milk and eggs while exerting negative influence on mutton and goat meat consumption. Projections of demand and supply of different LFP's by 2020 revealed that not only India would be self-sufficient in LFP's in 2020, but will also have surplus production, exceeding the economic demand.

3 tables, 6 ref

012030   Talla R G;Gaikwad S U;Pawar S D (Chemistry Dep, Siddharth College of Arts, Science & Commerce, Dr. D N Road, Mumbai-400 001, Email: sureshpawar_2004@rediffmail.com) : Sovent extraction and separation of Mo(VI) and W(VI) from hydrochloric acid solutions using cyanex-923 as extractant. Indian J chem Technol 2010, 17(6), 436-40.

A systematic study of solvent extraction of molybdenum(VI) and tungsten(VI) from hydrochloric acid media using neutral phosphine oxide extractant, cyanex-923 in toluene has been performed. These metal ions are quantitatively extracted with cyanex-923 in toluene in the acidic range 5-7 M, and from the organic phase they are stripped with 1.0 M NaOH. The effect of pH, equilibrium period, diluents, diverse ions and stripping agent on the extraction of Mo(VI) and W(VI) has been studied. The extraction reactions proceed by solvation and the probable extracted species in the organic phase were MoO₂Cl₂2Cyanex-923 and WO₂C1_2.2 Cyanex-923. Based on these results a sequential procedure for their separation from each other has been developed.

3 illus, 3 table, 21 ref

012029   Singh I B;Singh M;Das S;Yegeswaran A H (NO, Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal-462 026, Email: ibsingh58@yahoo.com) : Corrosion behaviour of sol-gel Al₂O₃ coated Al-Si alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution. Indian J chem Technol 2010, 17(6), 419-24.

Alumina sol was synthesized and coated on Al-Si alloy. The coated substrates were heated at 300°C for sintering and precursor removal purposes. The cross-sectional examination of the coated specimens in SEM showed the presence of around 7 [an thick non porous and compact coating. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of Al₂O₃ in the coated layer. The corrosion characteristics of the coating were evaluated in 3.5% NaCl solution by electrochemical measurements. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis indicated that the coated substrate possesses an order of magnitude higher corrosion resistance as compared to uncoated substrate. EIS study has also indicated a significant decrease in diffusion phenomena of chloride ions through the coating/metal interfaces. The effect of heat treatment of Al-Si alloy on its corrosion properties has also been investigated.

5 illus, 1 table, 27 ref

012028   Singh C;Rakesh M (NO, Guru Nanak Khalsa College, Matunga, Mumbai-400 019, Email: meeta.rksh@gmail.com) : Oxidation of phenol using LaMnO₃ perovskit, TiO₂, H₂O₂ and UV radiation. Indian J chem Technol 2010, 17(6), 451-4.

LaMnO₃ perovskite has been used for the treatment of aqueous solution of phenol using stoichiometric amount of H₂O₂ and combination of TiO₂ and UV radiation. The oxidation of phenol was studied with [UV radiation]; [H₂O₂ and UV]; [TiO₂ and UV]; [LaMnO₃ and UV]; [TiO₂, H₂O₂ and UV]; [LaMnO₃, H₂O₂ and UV]; to establish the effectiveness of different systems when compared with perovskite catalyst. Results show that the phenol degradation efficiencies decreased in the following order [LaMnO₃, H₂O₂ and UV] <62>> [TiO₂, H₂O₂ and UV] <62> [LaMnO₃ and UV] <62> [TiO₂ and UV]<62> [H₂O₂ and UV] <62> [UV]. UV-VIS spectra result of phenol degradation shows that as the concentration of catalyst increases, its activity increases. The optimum concentration of catalyst was 0.60 g/L for 100 ppm phenol solution. Perovskite catalyst after reaction is completely regenerated by calcinations at 800°C for 2 h and retains a similar catalytic performance.

6 illus, 2 table, 20 ref

012027   Singh B;Patial J;Sharma P;Chandra S;Maity S; Lingaiah N (NO, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu-180 001, Email: drbadldevsingh@yahoo.co.in) : Comparatve study on basicity baded on supported K-salt catalysts for isomerization of 1-methoxy-4-(2-propene-1-y1) benzene. Indian J chem Technol 2010, 17(6), 446-50.

A comparative study on basicity of supported K-salt catalysts has been carried out for the preparation of fraws-anethole [1-methoxy-4-(1-propen-1-yl) benzene]. It is observed that strong basic sites facilitated 99% conversion of methyl chavicol [1-methoxy-4-(2-propen-1-yl) benzene] with 89% selectivity of frans-anethole. Activation energy for isomerization of methyl chavicol was found to be in the range of 5.65-8.67 kJ/mol using 25% K₂CO₃ loaded on alumina. The catalysts were characterized by CO₂-TPD and BET surface area.

2 illus, 3 table, 14 ref

012026   Rani P;Garg F C;Sharma S S;Leela Wati (Microbiology Dep, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004) : Ethanol production from potato starch. Indian Fd Packer 0209, 63(4), 63-8.

Homogenous slurries of potato grates, mashed potatoes and potato flour were prepared in water at solid liquid ratio of 1:1,1:1 and 1:4 respectively. Liquefaction of slurries (100ml) with commercial α-amylase, Termamyl-100, at a concentration of 750, 500, 1000 μl respectively followed by saccharification with commercial glucoamylase Amylo 300 (500-750 μl) resulted in generation of 9.5-15.2% (w/v) reducing sugars. The fermentation of hydrolysate using S. cerevisiae HAU-1 resulted in the production of 5.0-7.4% (v/v) ethanol after 48 h of fermentation at 300C.

5 tables, 14 ref

012025   Ramanjaneyulu P S;Sayi Y S;Ramakumar K L (Radionalaytical Chemistry Div, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400 085, Email: klram@barc.gov.in) : Determination of boron in zirconium-niobium alloys by spectrophotometry. Indian J chem Technol 2010, 17(6), 468-70.

Boron doped zirconium-niobium alloy rods are used as neutron reactivity control rods in advanced nuciear reactors. Accurate knowledge about the boron content in this alloy is an essential requirement prior to its usage in nuclear reactors. In view of the refractory nature of the alloy, boron determination in these type of matrices is a challenging task. Also due to non-availability of matrix matched reference materials, direct solid analysis cannot be resorted to. Quantitative dissolution of the matrix without losing any boron followed by its determination is the only alternative. In the present work, Zr-Nb sample was dissolved in (NH₄)₂SO₄ and H₂SO₄ taking care to prevent the loss of boron. Boroe was selectively separated employing batch extraction with 10% 2-ethyl hexane 1,3 diol in chloroform and determined spectrophotometrically as B-Curcumin complex. Absorbance was measured at 550 nm. The precision and accuracy of the method is 3%. The absolute detection limit of the method is 12 ng. The method has been evaluated by standard addition method and validated by ICP-AES technique.

^ssc1 table, 5 ref

012024   Mondal M K (Chemical Engineering and Technology Dep, Banaras Hindu Univ, Institute of Technology, Varanasi-221 005, Email: mkmondal13@yahoo.com) : Absorption of carbon dioxide into a mixed aqueous solution of diethanolamine and piperazine. Indian J chem Technol 2010, 17(6), 431-5.

The CO₂ loading in aqueous mixtures of diethanolamine (DEA) and piperazine(PZ), from a mixture of CO₂ and N₂, has been rfieasured for total amine concentrations and mole ratios of PZ to total amine ranging from 2.0 to 3.0 M and 0.01 to 0.20, respectively, at 313.14 K and 15.199 kPa CO₂ partial pressure. Measurements were made by a saturation method using a laboratory scale bubble column. The results of CO₂ loading are expressed as XCO₂ (mole CO₂/mole of total amine) for all experimental runs. A model is given to predict the CO₂ loading in aqueous mixture of DEA and PZ. The model predictions have been in good agreement with the experimental data of CO2 loading in aqueous mixture of DEA and PZ with the average deviation of 8.67.

5 illus, 2 table, 18 ref

012023   Manzak A;Sonmezoglu M (Chemistry Dep, Sakarya Univ, Faculty of Science, Adapazari-54187, Turkey, Email: manzak@sakarya.edu.tr) : Extraction of acetic acid from aqueous solution by emulsion type liquid membranes using alamine 300 as a carrier. Indian J chem Technol 2010, 17(6), 441-5.

The extraction of acetic acid from aqueous solutions by an emulsion type liquid membrane process was investigated, using Alamine 300 as carrier, Span 80 as surfactant, and Na₂CO₃ solution as stripping agent. A number of significant parameters viz. mixing speed, surfactant concentration, diluent type, concentration of the carrier Alamine 300, concentration of stripping agent, pH and concentration of feed solution were investigated. Acetic acid was successfully extracted and concentrated from aqueous solutions. Approximately 86% extraction of acetic acid was achieved within 10 min in a stirred vessel.

6 illus, 3 ref

012022   Kaya E (Minning Engineering Dep, Dokuz Eylul Univ, Buca, Izmir, Turkey, Email: erol.kaya@deu.edu.tr) : Comminution behaviour of microwave heated two sulphide copper ores. Indian J chem Technol 2010, 17(6), 455-61.

The effect of microwave irradiation on the comminution of two sulphide copper ores with different mineralogy were investigated to enhance the milling processes. Each ore was subjected to microwave radiation for varying time periods to determine their heating profiles. Changes in breakage characteristics with the microwave exposure time were quantified by sieving breakage, standard Bond work index grindability and single particle drop weight comminution tests. The results of the sieving breakage tests with the untreated and microwaved samples indicated significant improvements in the size reduction due to microwave energy induced macro fracturing. Differing ore mineralogy has been shown to affect the effectiveness of microwave assisted size reduction. The results of the standard Bond work index grindability tests performed with both the microwave treated copper ores, on the other hand, suggested no significant improvements in grindability. The single particle fracture experiments performed with an Ultrafast Load Cell (UFLC) indicated similar results of no significant improvements in the fracture energies of the microwave treated ore samples.

3 illus, 2 table, 29 ref

012021   Joseph B;John S;Aravindakshan K K;Joseph A (Chemistry Dep, Calicut Univ, Calicut-673 635, Email: drabrahamj@gmail.com ) : Inhibition of mild steel corrosion in 1 M hydrochloric acid using (E)-4-(2-chlorobenzylideneamino)-6-methy1-3,4-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-5( 2H)-one(CBMTDT). Indian J chem Technol 2010, 17(6), 425-30.

The use of nitrogen and sulphur donor organic inhibitors in acid solutions is a common method for the protection of metals from corrosion. The present work is the study of the corrosion inhibition efficiency of (E)-4-(2-chlorobenzylideneamino)-6-methyl-3-thioxo-3,4-dihydro-l,2,4-t riazin-5(2H)-one (CBMTDT) towards mild steel in 1 M HC1. The work strategy includes the conventional weight loss method, potentiodynamic polarization studies (Tafel), linear polarization studies (LPR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), adsorption studies and quantum chemical calculations. Results showed that the corrosion rate decreases and inhibition efficiency increases with inhibitor concentration. The results of polarization studies reveal that the additive acts as a mixed type inhibitor. The surface adsorption of the inhibitor molecules decreases the double layer capacitance and increases the polarization resistance. The adsorption process is spontaneous and follows Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The optimized structure of the inhibitor, energies of LUMO, HOMO and other physical parameters are calculated by computational quantum chemical methods.

7 illus, 4 table, 32 ref

012020   Ishwara Bhat J;Manjunatha M N (Chemistry Dep, Mangalore Univ, Mangalaganothri-574 199, Email: bhatij@yahoo.com) : Condutometric studies on solvation behaviour of citric acid in water + methanol and water + ethanol mixtures at different temperatures. Indian J chem Technol 2010, 17(6), 462-7.

Reports the study on the effect of solvation of the species of citric acid in water + methanol and water + ethanol mixtures (v/v) on its conductivity behaviour as a function of temperature. The specific conductance was measured in the temperature range 283-313 K and the evaluated equivalent conductance was analyzed by Kraus-Bray and Shedlovsky models of conductivity. Limiting molar conductance (λ⁰_m), dissociation constant (K_c) and association constant (K_a) were evaluated for all solvent compositions. The limiting molar conductance was found to decrease with the increase in amount of co-solvent to water. K_c increased with increase in temperature till 60% methanol and 40% ethanol with a later decrease. Fuoss Accascina equation was applied and it was proved that the formation of ion pairs and scanty amount of ion triplets takes place in the system. Walden product, corrected Stokes radius (r_i;), thermodynamic parameters and solvation number also have been evaluated. Born relation of solvation was verified. These data were used to study the nature of ion-solvent and solvent-solvent interactions existing in the system under prevailing conditions.

6 table, 17 ref

012019   Agathian G;Nataraj S;Singh S;Sabapathy S N; Bawa A S (NO, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore-570 011) : Development of shelf stable retort pouch processed ready-to-eat dal makhani. Indian Fd Packer 0209, 63(4), 55-62.

Dal makhani an Indian traditional delicacy was prepared as per traditional method, packed in PET/Aluminium foil / C.PP retortable pouches and processed in a steam - air retort with overriding pressure. The process parameters such as time-temperature history and FO value were calculated using data logger. The total process time was found to be 30 min with Fo value of 5.5. The product was evaluated for its shelf stability under RT (19°C - 30°C) and 45°C conditions for a period of 12 months and compared with the samples stored at 5°C. On storage, changes in moisture content, total fat, free fatty acid content (FFA) and peroxide value (PV) were determined at 30 days intervals. Moisture content of the product did not show any significant change and the total fat content was found to decrease marginally. FFA was found to increase by 1.9% and 2.3% from an initial value of 0.52% at RT and 45°C respectively after 12 months of storage. Microbiological analyses revealed that the product was commercially sterile and fit for consumption. Sensory evaluation showed that the product was quite acceptable even after 12 months of storage. The packaging material was found to be intact and no deformity as well as seal failure were observed on storage.

s, 2 tables, 16 ref

010955   Bahuguna R N;Pandey M;Nath M;Guru S K;Kumar J;Shukla A (Plant Physiology Dep, College of Basic Science & Humanities, G.B. Pant Agricultue & Technolo, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand-263 145, Email: aloks99@yahoo.com) : Physiological evaluation of Trichoderma harziaum against sheath blight in rice. Indian J Pl Physiol 2009, 14(2), 205-8.

Trichoderma harzianum (LS: TH38) induced systemic resistance in rice (Oryza sativa) by enhancing various components involved in pathogen suppression. Different physiological processes that are related with growth promotion were positively induced by T. harzianum even under infection by sheath blight. Thus reduction in disease severity and nullifying its negative impact on the plant growth implicates the importance of T. harzianum as a biocontrol agent. However, comparative study with systemic fungicide bavistin showed that the efficacy level of T. harzianum against sheath blight disease needed further improvement in order to replace chemical fungicides.

2 tables, 12 ref

010954   Wang J;Xiang A (College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business Univ, Beijing-100 048, China, Email: xaming@th.btbu.edu.cn) : Stabilization effect of ZnSO₄ on poly (vinyl alcohol) during melt processing. J Polym Mater 2009, 26(3), 267-76.

An approach to the stabilization of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) during melt processing was proposed. PVA molecules are sensitive to thermal degradation, water and acetic acid could be eliminated from intramolecular reactions, resulting in inferior of mechanical, rheological properties and a yellow color. ZnSO₄ was selected as a stabilizer to the system, which was expected to form complexes with PVA molecules and thus inhibit the elimination of water. The effect of stabilization by ZnS0₄ was characterized through thermal analysis, XPS, infrared spectra as well as mechanical and rheological testings. It was found that upon addition of the ZnSO₄, the elimination of water was substantially depressed. The modified PVA possessed improved mechanical and rheological properties compared with plain PVA samples.

7 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

010953   Uadal Singh;Sagar V R (Post Harvest Technology Div, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, Email: vidyaram_sagar@yahoo.com) : Quality characteristics of dehydrated leafy vegetables influenced by packaging materials and storage temperature. J scient ind Res 2010, 69(10), 785-9.

Leafy vegetables (curry leaves and drumstick leaves) were dehydrated in cabinet drier at 58±2°C and packed in four packaging materials (200 gauge and 400 gauge LDPE, 200 gauge HDPE and 150 gauge PP) and stored at room temperature (RT) and low temperature (LT) for 3 months to evaluate best package and storage temperature for maximum retention of nutrients in leafy vegetables during storage. HDPE (200 gauge), followed by storage at LT (7±1°C), was found to be good for higher retention of β-carotene, ascorbic acid, chlorophyll content, rehydration ratio, sensory score and less moisture and non-enzymatic browning (NEB) in dehydrated vegetable leaves during 3 months of storage.

1 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

010952   Tukaram Bai M;Komali K;Venkateswarlu P (Chemical Engineering Dep, College of Engineering, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530 003) : Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies on biosorption of copper and zinc from mixed solution by Erythrina variegata orientalis leaf powder. Indian J chem Technol 2010, 17(5), 346-55.

Investigation is undertaken to explore the feasibility of biosorption for the removal of copper and zinc from aqueous Cu-Zn solution using Erythrina variegata orientalis leaf powder. Batch investigations indicate that biosorption of Cu-Zn mixture is gradually increased with increase in pH from 1 to 6 (38.25 to 44.77 mg/g). The biosorption of Cu-Zn mixture is increased from 86.3 to 91.9% (86.27 to 45.93 mg/g) with increase in biosorbent dosage from 1 to 2 g/L. 91.9% (45.93 mg/g) of Cu-Zn mixture is removed from the solution containing 100 mg/L of Cu and Zn agitated with 2 g/L of 45 mm size adsorbent for an equilibrium agitation time of 30 min. The experimental data are well described by Langmuir (R²=0.99), Freundlich (R²=0.98) and Temkin (R²=0.98) isotherms. The sorption studies follow the second order rate expression (R² = 0.99) and rate constant is 9.39 g/mg-min. The biosorption is found to increase with decrease in temperature of the solution. From the thermodynamic parameters, sorption is found to be exothermic and reversible.

1 illus, 7 tables, 12 ref

010951   Toliwal S D;Jadav K;Patel K;Anjum Banu (Industrial Chemistry Dep, Institute of Science and Technology for Advanced Studies and Research, Vallabh Vidyanagar-388 120, Email: toliwalsd@yahoo.co.in) : Synthesis and biologyical evaluation of phenyl hydrazides and their derivatives from karanja oil. J Lipid Sci Technol 2009, 41(4), 131-5.

5-Alkyl-[1,3,4]-oxadiazol-2-yl-phenyl amine, phenyl thiosemicarbazide, 5-alkyl-4 phenyl-4H-[1,2,4] triazole-3-thiol and 2-alkyl-5-phenylsulfanyl-[1,3,4]-oxadiazole were synthesized from phenyl hydrazides of karanja oil. These newly synthesized compounds were characterized on the basis of elemental analysis. Some of the synthesized compounds exhibited fairly high antibacterial and antifungal activity.

1 illus, 5 table, 22 ref

010950   Sujatha M;Vishnuvardhan Reddy A (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, College of Agriculture, ANGRAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030) : Heterosis and combining ability for seed yield and other yield and other yield contributing characters in sunflower, Helianthus annuus L.. J Oilseed Res 2009, 26(1), 21-31.

Four lines were crossed with 10 testers in a LxT mating design to estimate the heterosis and combining ability for yield and its component traits in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L). Among the 40 hybrids studied for heterosis six recorded positive significant heterosis, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis over two checks (KBSH I and PAC 1091) for seed yield and oil content. The variance due to SCA was grater than GCA for all the traits except head diameter, which indicated preponderance of non-additive gene action for all the traits while additive gene action for head diameter. The parents DCMS 36, DRS 9, DRS 102 and RHA 340 can be considered as superior parents and the crosses DCMS 36 x DRS 16, CMS 7-1A x RHA 340, CMS 7-1A x DRS 9 were considered as superior hybrids, as they observed high per se and significant gca and sea effects for seed yield/plant. These superior crosses involved parents with high x low, low x low and high x high gca effects, which in turn suggested the possible role of non-additive gene action in these crosses.

5 table, 22 ref

010949   Singh S (Ind. Chem. (Oils Fats and Waxes) Dep, Institute of Science and Technology for Advanced Studies and Research, Vallabh Vidyanagar-388120, Email: sibban_singh@yahoo.co.in) : Preparation and evaluation of polyamide ceating resins from acid oil. J Lipid Sci Technol 2009, 41(2), 43-6.

Vegetable oil refineries generate large amount of acid oil which is one of the cheaper renewable resources of fatty acids. The present work deals with the preparation and characterization of non-reactive polyamides (NRPs) and reactive polyamides (RPs) used in coating applications. The amines like ethylene diamine (EDA) and diethylene triamine (DETA) have been used in various proportions to prepare several sets of NRPs and RPs resins. These resins were characterized for various physico-chemical and performance characteristics in the context to their utilization in surface coatings and printing inks. Thus various aspects of preparation and coating applications based on these polyamide resins were studied.

9 table, 8 ref

010948   Sangawar V S;Meshram S D;Chikhalikar P S; Dhokne R J;Thool V S;Ublale A U (Polymer Reserch Laboratory, Govt. Vidarbha Institute of Science and Humanities, Amravati-444 604, Email: seemameshram@gmail.com) : Biodegradability and photodegradability of starch filled LDPE thin film. J Polym Mater 2009, 26(4), 361-80.

Starch filled LDPE thin films having 1,5,15 and 25 wt% of starch were prepared by solution evaporation techniques. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV absorption spectroscopy before degradation. All the starch filled LDPE thin films were kept under natural soil burial environment for 90 days and 180 days. Thin films of LDPE and starch filled LDPE at 5 and 25 wt% of starch were exposed to UV light for 20, 60 and 120 h. Biodegradability and photodegradability of starch filled LDPE thin films were evaluated by measuring mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength and percent elongation break, recording FTIR spectra and morphological changes by SEM before and after degradation. Decrease in ultimate tensile strength and percent elongation at break with increase in starch concentration, degradation duration and exposure time were observed. The presence of ester, carbonyl and vinyl group in the carbonyl region 1580-1850 cm^-1 after biodegradation and photodegradation confirms chain scission reactions initiated by thermo-oxidation and photo-oxidation. SEM micrographs after biodegradation shows cracks, holes, pitting, erosion which confirms biodegradation of starch which increases surface area and accelerates biodegradation. The synergistic effects of various environmental factors on degradation mechanism of starch filled LDPE thin films were reported.

7 illus, 6 tables, 44 ref

010947   Reddy P S;Prasad R B N;Sunitha S;Kanjilal S (Centre for Lipid Research, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad-500 007, Email: sanjit@iict.res.in) : Synthesis and evaluation of micellar properties of imidazolinium surfactants derived from vegetable oils. J Lipid Sci Technol 2009, 41(4), 123-7.

Synthesis of acyloxy carbonylethyl-3-methyl imldazolium bromide [(ROCOCH₂CH₂Mlm)Br] based on three different vegetable oils, namely coconut oil, sunflower oil and hydrogenated tallow fat is described in the present work. The synthesis involves saponification of the vegetable oils to get fatty acids, which were then converted to their 2-bromoethy! esters and finally quaternized with N-methyl imidazole. The micellar properties of the three synthesised cationic surfactants (Coco-ester from coconut oil, Sun-ester from sunflower oil and Tallow-ester from hydrogenated tallow fat) were determined using surface tensiometer. The critical micelle concentrations (cmc) of the synthesised compounds are found to dependent on chain length and degree of unsaturation of fatty acids. Among the three studied compounds, Coco-ester showed the highest cmc value and Tallow-ester the lowest.

2 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

010946   Rastogi R;Pandey A (Chemistry Dep, Brahmanand PG College, Kanpur-208 001, Email: renurast765@rediffmail.com) : Electrolytic deposition of Zn-Mn-Mo alloys from a citrate bath. Indian J chem Technol 2010, 17(5), 381-5.

Zn-Mn-Mo alloys were electrodeposited from a citrate bath and the influence of various parameters such as current density, 2.0-6.0 Adm^-2; temperature, 20-35°C; pH, 2.0-2.15; duration of deposition 20-50 min and concentration of the constituent metals were studied. The electrolytic bath consists of zinc sulphate (20-35 gL^-1), manganese sulphate (50-80 gL^-1), ammonium molybdate (3-6 gL^-1), citric acid (5 gL^-1) and starch (1 gL^-1). Semi bright, light gray adherent deposits were generally obtained containing 88.98-99.82% Zn, 0.06-8.70% Mn and 0.10-2.32% Mo. The variation of cathode polarization with current density or the pH under the conditions was studied. Morphological studies have also been done.

2 illus, 6 tables, 13 ref

010945   Rao K S;Anand S;Venkateswarlu P (NO, Institute of Minerals and Maerials Technology (CSIR), Bhubaneswar-751 013) : Equilibrium and kinetic studies for Cd(II) adsorption from aqueous solution on Terminalia catappa Linn leaf powder biosorbent. Indian J chem Technol 2010, 17(5), 329-36.

Terminalia catappa Linn, (TCL) leaf (almond leaf) powder was tested as a biosorbent in a batch adsorption system. The samples with and without Cd(II) adsorption were characterized using FTIR and SEM-EPMA techniques. Loading of Cd(II) onto to TCL powder resulted in shift of various band positions (5 to 51 cm^-1) in the FTIR spectrum. The EPMA of Cd(II) loaded powder showed that Cd(II) was not uniformly distributed on the surface but only on specific sites. The experimental parameters chosen for adsorption studies were: pH (2.0 to 6.0), contact time (5 to 120 min), adsorbate concentration (50 to 500 mg L^-1), adsorbent concentration (0.25 to 5.0 g per 50 mL adsorbate), anions and Pb(II) concentration. With the increase in pH from 2.0 to 4.0, Cd(II) adsorption increased from 0.86 to 13.79 mg g^-1 and with the further increase in pH to 5.5 only marginal increase to 14.12 mg g^-1 was observed. Presence of chloride, sulphate or Pb(II) adversely affected Cd(II) adsorption onto TCL. The kinetics of adsorption could be best described by the pseudo-second-order equation. The three equilibrium models namely, Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson fitted well to the isothermic experimental data for TCL with regression coefficients of <62>; 0.97. The maximum uptake capacity of the biosorbent was estimated to be 35.83 mg g^-1.

14 illus, 1 table, 51 ref

010944   Prasanth Kumar P K;Gopala Krishna A G (Lopid Science & Traditional Foods Dep, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore-570 020, Email: aggk_55@yahoo.com) : Esterification and interesterification reactions of lipases from rice bran and papain in oleic acid-glycerol/n-butanol andtwo vegetable oil blends. J Lipid Sci Technol 2009, 41(3), 88-94.

The ability of crude rice bran lipase and commercial papain lipase was evaluated for esterification of oleic acid with glycerol and n-butanol and interesterification of palm oil and rice bran oil blend. For esterification of oleic acid with glycerol/n-butanol, the reaction proceeded upto 1.9%, 3.0% (37UC), 2.5%, 8.6% (50UC) at atmospheric pressure and 1.5%, 8.3% (37UC) 7.3%, 6.4% (50UC) under reduced pressure for rice bran and papain lipases respectively. During the interesterification reaction, concentration of ILL decreased by 24.5, 38.5 and 6.3%; PPP decreased by 73.9, 68.1 and 14%; LLP/LPL decreased by 11.6, 28.2 and 15.2% with an increase in the concentration of LOL (134.4, 78.7 and 120,3%), POO (9.1, 10.5 and 2.7%) and PPO (4.9, 10.1, 2.3%) for the three studied enzymes viz., lipozyme IM-60 (as a control), rice bran and papain lipases respectively. The physical state of the blend after treatment with lipozyme IM-60, crude rice bran and papain lipases has changed from semisolid to completely liquid state even at 5-10°C while the physical blend was a semisolid at RT/25°C/5-10°C. It is concluded from the study that these enzymes can be used for carrying out esterification and interesterification reactions which is being reported for the first time.

2 illus, 6 table, 18 ref

010943   Prasanth Kumar P K;Bhatnagar A S;Hemavathy J; Gopala krishna A G (Lipid Science and Traditional Foods Dep, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore-570 020, Email: aggk_55@yahoo.com) : Chnages in physico-chemical characteristics of some vegetable oils upon blending with coconut oil. J Lipid Sci Technol 2009, 41(4), 136-42.

While working to prepare cheaper and nuitraceutical enriched blends of coconut oil (CNO) for CNO consumers and non-CNO consumers, the changes in physico-chemical characteristics of the blends were studied. Some commonly used vegetable oils viz., palm, rice bran, and sunflower oils (refined) and sesame and mustard oils (crude) were blended with coconut oil (crude) in the ratio of 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 70:30 and 80:20 (w/w) at room temperature and at 65°C followed by physico-chemical characteristics analysis for smell, appearance, color, free fatty acids (FFA), peroxide value (PV) and saponification value (SV). The intensity of coconut oil smell increased with CNO concentration in the blend, while color (4.5-53.0) and PV (0-48.5) decreased, and FFA increased for blends with refined oils (0.06-0.5). For blends with crude oils, the color, PV and FFA showed a decreasing trend. When refined, bleached and deodorized CNO was blended with vegetable oils, the characteristics studied showed a decreasing trend. But SV of the blends increased with CNO (crude & refined) concentration in the blend (190.6-239.3). Thus, saponification value can be used as an indicator for the detection of coconut oil blends. It is concluded from the study that physico-chemical characteristics of oils upon blending with coconut oil change depending on the starting coconut oil and it's concentration in the blends; saponification value can be used to detect the coconut oil concentration in the vegetable oil blends studied.

7 table, 11 ref

010942   Prabhakara Rao P G;Narsing Rao G;Jyothirmayi T;Karuna M S L;Prasad R B N (NO, Central Food Technological Research Institute-Resource Centre, Hyderabad, Email: rbnaprasad@iict.res.in) : Analysis of lipid classes and fatty acid composition of jangle jalebi (Pithecellobium dulce L.) seed oil. J Lipid Sci Technol 2009, 41(1), 9-7.

Jangle jalebi (Pithecellobium dulce) is one of the important legume trees of tropical America and cultivated throughout the plains of India. Total lipid of Jangle jalebi seed was extracted by chloroform / methanol (2:1, v/v) and 27.3% yellow coloured oil was recovered. Individual lipid components were separated by column chromatography by eluting with chloroform (neutral lipids, 69.2%), acetone (glycolipids, 30.7%) and methanol (phospholipids, 0.03%) and their fatty acid composition was determined after converting to fatty acid methyl esters. Among the fatty acids, oleic acid was the major unsaturated fatty acid in all the lipid classes. Linoleic acid was major in total, neutral and glycolipids. Palmitic acid (16:0) was found to be considerably higher amounts in phospholipids compared to neutral and glycolipids. The phospholipid fraction was found to contain phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) as major components. The seed oil of Jangle jalebi may be considered as an attractive source for edible purpose based on its optimum fatty acid profile.

2 table, 9 ref

010941   Pare B;Singh P;Jonnalagadda S B (Photocatalysis Lab, Chemistry Dep, Government Madhav Science College, Ujjain-456 010, Email: brijeshpare2009@hotmail.com) : Visible light-driven photocatalytic degradation and mineralization of neutral red dye in a slurry photoreacter. Indian J chem Technol 2010, 17(5), 391-5.

Hydroxyl radicals (OH.) induced photocatalytic degradation of neutral red was investigated in a batch slurry reactor, in the presence of visible light illuminated ZnO. The effects of process parameters such as catalyst loading, initial substrate concentration, Fenton reagent, temperature, solar light and oxidant, and anion concentration were investigated. In the presence of visible light, ZnO/Fenton process was found to be most efficient for the decolorization of dye. Both artificial visible radiation and solar light degraded dye efficiently in the presence of ZnO. The destruction of chromophoric part and aromatic skelton of dye were ascertained by the disappearance of absorption bands in UV/Vis spectra of dye with respect to irradiation time. Complete COD reduction was observed in 8 h of irradiation time. CO₂ and NO₃- ions were identified as final mineralization products.

^ssc6 illus, 12 ref

010940   Nasirwllah;Rangaswamy B L (Lipid Science and Traditional Foods Dep, Central Food Techonological Research Institute, Mysore-570 020, Email: lstf@cftri.res.in) : Preparation of antioxidant concentrates from edible vegetable oilseed cakes and estimation of their antioxidant activity using DPPH. J Lipid Sci Technol 2009, 41(1), 10-14.

Since there is a growing interest to replace the synthetic antioxidants in foods and vegetable oils by natural counterparts, oilseed cakes like sesame, flax, niger, groundnut, mustard and sunflower seed cakes were utilized to isolate natural antioxidant concentrates for this purpose. The above oilseed cakes were totally defatted and subjected for methanol extraction to yield 3.1, 8.8, 6.1, 7.5, 14.3 and 9.6% of antioxidant concentrate respectively. Screening of these concentrates using UV-visible spectra and FT-IR frequencies revealed the presence of lignan, glucosides, tocopherols and carotenoids. Sesame and niger seed cake concentrates contained sesamol up to 18,463 and 17,680 ppm respectively. Whereas polyphenol was found to be ranging between 5.8 to 32.3% among all the concentrates. The antioxidant activity of these concentrates were studied using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH). The percent antiradical activity and IC50 (mg) value were in the decreasing order for sesame (65.4, 0.045), sunflower (52.9, 0.094), niger seed (44.4, 0.11), groundnut (39.5, 0.13), mustard (19.1, 0.16) and flax (13.3, 0.19) seed cake concentrates respectively. Study showed that sesame cake concentrate was most potent and flaxseed cake concentrate was least potent. Sesame cake concentrate was better than BHT. Hence, sesame-sunflower and niger seed cake concentrates can be used to replace synthetic antioxidant up to a larger extent.

4 table, 19 ref

010939   Masur S B;Tarachand K C;Kulkarni U N (Bakery Training Unit, Directorate of Extension, Agricultural Sciences Univ, Dharwad-580 005, Email: shakuntala1952@rediffmail.com) : Comparative evaluation of full and defattted soy flour based bakery products. Karnataka J agric Sci 2009, 22(4), 937-8.

^ssc3 tables, 10 ref

010938   Masur S B;Tarachand K C;Kulkarni U N (NO, Bakery Training Unit, Directorate of Extension) : Development of high protein biscuits from bengal gram flour. Karnataka J agric Sci 2009, 22(4), 862-4.

Supplementation of foods is of current interest because of increasing nutritional awareness among consumers. Supplementation with legumes is one way to meet the needs for protein needs particularly baked foods. Biscuits can be easily fortified with protein rich flours to provide convenient foods, in order to supplement protein in the diet and nutrition. As such bengal gram flour is commonly consumed by the public and more relished, the present verification was therefore undertaken to explore the possibilities of using bengal gram flour in biscuits without impairing their acceptability. Supplementation of wheat biscuits with Bengal gram flour was tried at 10, 15, 20, and 25% levels along with modifications in water, fat and baking powder to improve the nutritional and textural quality of biscuits. Results revealed that the height (cm), diameter (cm) remained constant up to 15% level of incorporation of bengal gram flour. At optimum levels of water, fat and baking powder, the spread ratio and spread factor decreased with increase in Bengal gram flour level. However The Bengal gram flour in corporation improved dough consistency, over all acceptability, and sensory attributes. Thus the supplementation of bengal gram flour at 15 to 20% level, not only improved protein quality but also improved the dough texture and sensory parameters in the final product.

5 tables, 9 ref

010937   Kuna A;Poshadri A;Pandey S (Post-Graduate Research Centre, ANG Ranga Agricultural Univ, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030) : Diacylglycerol oil as an edible oil. J Oilseed Res 2009, 26(1), 1-9.

Diacylglycerol (DAG) oil has beneficial effects on obesity and weight-related disorders in both animals and humans. The physiological effect of DAG is believed to be attributed to its metabolic pathway, which is different from triacylglycerol (TAG) metabolism. Physicochemical properties, such as melting and smoke points and polymorphic forms of DAG are also distinct from TAG. The new DAG oil is derived from a combination of oils and has a different chemical structure from TAG oils. While both types of oil are digested the same way, the body metabolizes DAG oil differently, promoting greater breakdown by the liver. The result is that the body stores less of the oil as fat. Clinical studies of DAG oil demonstrated that consumers can lower body weight, abdominal fat, and triglyceride levels when it is used as part of a healthy eating plan.

^iia3 illus, 55 ref

010936   Kumar A;Srivastava N K;Kalra A;Mishra B N; Luqman S;Khanuja S P S (NO, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow-226 015, Email: nk.srivastava@cimap.res.in) : Allocation of <. J Pl Biol 2009, 36(1-2), 33-40.

Metabolite partitioning of ¹⁴CO₂ photo-assimilate into primary metabolites and its simultaneous utilization for accumulation of terpe-noid-essential oil were monitored in freshly harvested leaves and processed leaves, i.e. after 5 and 10 days of storage. ¹⁴4C content in major metabolic fractions, i.e. in ethanol-soluble, ethanol-insoluble and chloroform-soluble fractions was higher in stored leaves as compared to fresh leaves. Ion exchange chromatographic analysis revealed that ¹⁴C content in sugars and amino acids increased and then declined whereas the ¹⁴C content in organic acids was highest in fresh leaves and then declined with storage. Gas chromatographic analysis reveals that storage of leaves in shade up to 5 days resulted in better recovery of oil and patchoulol as compared to fresh leaves. Through radio-TLC separation it was confirmed that ¹⁴C labelling was indeed high in oil and patchoulol in leaves after 5 days storage. This study shows that there is an advantage in shade drying the leaves at least for 5 days to get an ideal combination of oil yield and quality than 10 days storage or extraction directly of fresh leaves. Further at this stage when oil content is high metabolite status reveals that sugars and amino acids are higher as compared to organic acid content.

3 illus, 1 table, 23 ref

010935   Joseph B;John S;Joseph A;Narayana B (Chemistry Dep, University of Calicut, Calicut-673 635) : Imidazolidine-2-thione as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric acid. Indian J chem Technol 2010, 17(5), 366-74.

Inhibition effect of imidazolidine-2-thione (IMT) on the corrosion behaviour of mild steel (MS) in 1 N HCl was studied using potentiodynamic polarization, linear polarisation resistance (LPR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and adsorption studies. The effects of inhibitor concentrations, temperature, corrosion rate and surface coverage are investigated. The corrosion rate and other parameters are evaluated for different inhibitor concentrations and the probable mechanism is also proposed. The results show that IMT possesses excellent inhibiting effect for the corrosion of the MS and the inhibitor acts as a mixed type inhibitor. The inhibitor does not affects the mechanism of the electrode processes and inhibits corrosion by blocking the reaction sites. The high inhibition efficiency of IMT was due to the adsorption of inhibitor molecules on the metal surface. The decrease of surface area available for electrode reactions to take place is due to the formation of a protective film. Activation energies and enthalpies of activation in the presence and absence of IMT were determined by measuring the temperature dependence of the corrosion current.

16 illus, 4 tables, 41 ref

010934   Gogoi P;Dutta N N;Rao P G (Chemical Engineering Div, North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR), Jorhat-785 006, Email: pgrao24@hotmail.com) : Adsorption of catechin from aqueous solutions on polymeric resins and activated carbon. Indian J chem Technol 2010, 17(5), 337-45.

Catechin, a bioflavonoid found in green tea leaves has various applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. With a view to develop adsorptive separation process for the extraction of catechin from green tea, the batch equilibrium adsorption of catechin from aqueous solutions using commercially available activated charcoal, styrene-divinylbenzene (SDVB) and acrylic resins with different hydrophobicity, surface areas and pore radii has been studied. Adsorption isotherms were interpreted from Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson isotherms. However, almost in all cases, Langmuir isotherm exhibited better fit of experimental data. It appears that capacity of the adsorbate/adsorbent system depends on various interactions that occur at the solid liquid interface i.e., hydrophobic, dipole-dipole and hydrogen bonding. Physical properties of the resin such as surface area, pore radius, and porosity and the chemical characteristics of the solution i.e., solvent type and pH also play a major role in determining rates and equilibrium of adsorption. The heat of adsorption (ΔH°) was determined from Van't Hoff plot using equilibrium data generated at different temperatures and the observed differences in ΔH° for different adsorbents have been explained from mechanistic consideration.

8 illus, 3 tables, 45 ref

010933   De B K;Patel J D (Institute of Science & Technology for advanced Studies & Research (IST, Sardar Patel Centre for Science & Technology, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand-388 120, Email: bijay_de@yahoo.co.in) : Rapid sectroscopic detection method for karanja (Pongamia glabra) oil. J Lipid Sci Technol 2009, 41(4), 128-30.

A spectroscopic method for detection of karanja oil (Pongamia glabra) is reported based on color reaction of toxic phenolic compounds present in the karanja oil with that of ethanolic ferric chloride solution (1%, wt/vol). The developed color found to give an absorption peak at 543 nm. An absorption peak at this wavelength indicates the presence of karanja oil in other oils. The method is found to be sensitive up to 0.5%, wt/wt karanja oil in other oils.

4 illus, 5 ref

010932   Dayal R;Sharma M;Sharma R;Sumer Chand (Chemistry Div, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun-248 006, Email: dayalr@icfre.org) : Chemical examination of fatty oils of some forest seeds. J Lipid Sci Technol 2009, 41(1), 8-9.

The oil content of the seeds of Diospyros pefegrina, Lannea coromandelica and Pterospermum acerifolium was found to be 0.28, 8.7 and 30% respectively. The fatty acid compositions of all the oils were reported and oleic, stearic and linoeic acids found to be major fatty acids in Diospyros peregrina, Lannea coromandelica and Pterospermum acerifolium seed oils respectively.

1 table, 4 ref

010931   Banerji R (Lipid Chemistry Section, National Botanical Research Instiute, Lucknow, Email: ranjanbanerji@rediffmail.com) : Exploitation of certain seeds of north east India for their oil and fatty acids. J Lipid Sci Technol 2009, 41(2), 47-9.

Ten plant species belonging to seven differen botanical families were examined for their oil conten and fatty acid compositions. Out of these, four seec samples found to contain more than 35% oil. The oil from C. impressinervium is characterized by 78.4% lauric acid while E. sikkimensis by 57.4% palmitic acid. The other oils were either rich in oleic or linoleic acids. The oleic to linoleic ratios of the oils were also reported.

2 table, 16 ref