021205   Tangsrirat W (Instrumentation and Control Engineering Dep, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrab, Ladkrabang, Thailand) : Synthetic grounded lossy inductance simulators using single VDIBA. IETE J Res 2017, 63(1), 134-41.

This work describes two circuit realizations for actively variable simulated lossy inductors (series R-L type and parallel R-L type). Both of the described inductors are simple and resistor-less structures, since they contains only a single active device called voltage differencing inverting buffered amplifier (VDIBA), one grounded capacitor, and one NMOS transistor as a voltage-controlled resistor. The simulated equivalent resistances and inductances of the proposed synthetic lossy inductors can be tuned electronically. The non-ideal transfer gain and the parasitic impedances existing at the VDIBA terminals are taken into account. Simulations with TSMC 0.25-μm CMOS technology are also provided, which demonstrate the utility as well as the workability of the proposed simulators.

12 illus, 1 table, 26 ref

021204   Sridevi G;Srinivas Kumar S (Electronics and Communication Engineering Dep, Aditya Engineering College, Surampalem-533 437, Email: sridevi_gamini@yahoo.com) : Image inpainting and enhancement using fractional order variational model. Def Sci J 2017, 67(3), 308-15.

The intention of image inpainting is to complete or fill the corrupted or missing zones of an image by considering the knowledge from the source region. A novel fractional order variational image inpainting model in reference to Caputo definition is introduced in this article. First, the fractional differential, and its numerical methods are represented according to Caputo definition. Then, a - 362 - fractional differential mask is represented in 8-directions. The complex diffusivity function is also defined to preserve the edges. Finally, the missing regions are filled by using variational model with fractional differentials of 8-directions. The simulation results and analysis display that the new model not only inpaints the missing regions, but also heightens the contrast of the image. The inpainted images have better visual quality than other fractional differential filters.

3 illus, 4 tables, 29 ref

021203   Siva Sankar V;Abhilash S S (Senior Inspector, Bureau Veritas, Kuwait) : Design and development of an assistive ankle joint for a portable orthotic device. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(6), 42-6.

An ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) is commonly used to help subjects with weakness of ankle dorsiflexor muscles due to peripheral or central nervous system disorders. Patients having ankle joint disability often suffers from foot drop. This work presents an active ankle-foot orthosis (AAFO) that was designed to allow two degree-of-freedom motion while serving to maintain proper foot position for patients with lower limb disorder. In this study, an active ankle-foot orthosis (AAFO) is developed which can control the dorsi/ plantarflexion of the ankle joint to prevent foot drop and toe drag during walking. To prevent slapping foot after heel strike, ankle joint has to be controlled actively to minimize forefoot collision with the ground. In the late stance, ankle joint also has to be controlled to provide the toe clearance and help the push-off. The goal of the present work is to design an exoskeleton structure using the available human modelling data.. The trajectory of the ankle joint is planned using two via points. The foot sole will be provided with a flexible layer at the bottom to help reduce the torque requirements of the actuator, since it is observed that foot returns some of the energy given to it by the actuator itself.

8 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

021202   Singh R;Nagarajan R;Poonia K;Hari Mohan; Mangalhara J P (NO, Defence Laboratory, Jodhpur-342 011, Email: r.nagarajan@dl.drdo.in) : High temperature calibration of thermal imagers for infrared measurements on military platforms. Def Sci J 2017, 67(2), 188-92.

Calibration of thermal imaging system is not a straight forward process and hence manufacturers suggest re-calibration at factory itself. However, it is time consuming and expensive. A few research papers refer various approaches to perform low temperature calibration considering the wide requirement of low temperature measurements (typically less than 150 °C). However, no reference is available in open literature about high temperature calibration of thermal imagers. Hence, the possibility of high temperature calibration of thermal imaging systems has been explored using high temperature blackbody sources available at laboratory. With the use of neutral density filters, calibration has been performed in mid-wave (3.7 μm - 4.8 μm) and long-wave (7.7 μm - 9.5 μm) bands of imagers for IR measurements. The developed calibration has also been tested for field measurements.

7 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

021201   Singh K;Sarangal H;Singh M;Thapar S S (ECE Dep, Guru Nanak Dev Univ, RC Jalandhar, Punjab) : Analysis of pre-, post-, and symmetrical dispersion compensation techniques using DCF on 40 X 10 Gbps WDM-PON system. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(6), 163-7.

To reduce the dispersion and to improve the overall performance of the WDM-PON system, various dispersion compensation techniques are used in this system. In the optical communication, the dispersion compensation is mainly done by using DCF (Dispersion Compensation Fiber) and FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating). The performance of the system is evaluated at 10 Gbps data rate in the optical by using three different dispersion compensation schemes i.e. is Pre, Post, and Symmetrical Compensation. In this paper, A 40 X 10 Gbps Model is proposed using 40 channels (users) having SMF of length 120 km and DCF of length 24 km. It is concluded from the results that symmetric compensation technique shows better performance as compared to the pre and post. The results are verified on the basis of BER and Q-factor. All the simulation work is done with the help of Optisystem Software version 7.0.

7 illus, 3 tables, 8 ref

021200   Singh A;Pal R (NO, Solid State Physics Laboratory, Delhi-110 054, Email: ananddhakad@gmail.com) : Infrared avalanche photodiode detectors. Def Sci J 2017, 67(2), 159-68.

This study presents on the design, fabrication and characteristics of HgCdTe mid-wave infrared avalanche photodiode (MWIR APD). The gain of 800 at - 8 V bias is measured in n⁺-v-p⁺ detector array with pitch size of 30 μm. The gain independent bandwidth of 6 MHz is achieved in the fabricated device. This paper also covers the status of HgCdTe and III-V material based IR-APD technology. These APDs having high internal gain and bandwidth are suitable for the detection of attenuated optical signals such as in the battle field conditions/long range imaging in defence and space applications. It provides a combined solution for both detection and amplification if the detector receives a very weak optical signal. HgCdTe based APDs provide high avalanche gain with low excess noise, high quantum efficiency, low dark current and fast response time.

7 illus, 2 tables, 63 ref

021199   Singh A;Agarwal A (Electronics and Communication Engineering Dep, Thapar Univ, Patiala, Punjab) : Power and area efficient pipelined ADC stage in digital CMOS technology. IETE Tech Rev 2017, 34(1), 66-74.

A power and area efficient metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET)-only 1.5-bit fully differential pipelined analog-to-digital converter (ADC) stage is proposed and designed in TSMC 0.18 μm digital CMOS - 360 - technology with supply voltage of 1.8 V. It is based on charge pump based technique to achieve the stage voltage gain of 2. Various capacitances are implemented by MOSCAPs (capacitance offered by the MOSFET), offering compatibility with cheaper digital complimentary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process in order to reduce the much required manufacturing cost. The proposed stage suffers from only linear gain error with full signal swing of 2 V peak-to-peak (p-p) differential. Using the proposed stage, un-calibrated signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) and spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) for 10-bit, 100 MS/s pipelined ADC are 40.11 and 40.86 dB, respectively, which can be further increased by using a simple digital calibration technique. Comparison between the proposed stage and conventional operational amplifier based stage shows insensitivity towards capacitor mismatch along with power savings and design simplicity.

7 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

021198   Shenoy M V;Anupama K R (Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dep, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, KK Birla Goa Campus-403 726, Email: meetha@goa.bits-pilant.ac.in ) : DTTA - distributed, time-division multiple access based task allocation framework for swarm robots. Def Sci J 2017, 67(3), 316-24.

Swarm robotic systems, unlike traditional multi-robotic systems, deploy number of cost effective robots which can co-operate, aggregate to form patterns/formations and accomplish missions beyond the capabilities of individual robot. In the event of fire, mine collapse or disasters like earthquake, swarm of robots can enter the area, conduct rescue operations, collect images and convey locations of interest to the rescue team and enable them to plan their approach in advance. Task allocation among members of the swarm is a critical and challenging problem to be addressed. DTTA- a distributed, Time-division multiple access (TDMA) based task allocation framework is proposed for swarm of robots which can be utilised to solve any of the 8 different types of task allocation problem identified by Gerkey and Mataric. DTTA is reactive and supports task migration via extended task assignments to complete the mission in case of failure of the assigned robot to complete the task. DTTA can be utilised for any kind of robot in land or for co-operative systems comprising of land robots and air-borne drones. Dependencies with other layers of the protocol stack were identified and a quantitative analysis of communication and computational complexity is provided. To our knowledge this is the first work to be reported on task allocation for clustered scalable networks suitable for handling all 8 types of multi-robot task allocation problem. Effectiveness and feasibility of deploying DTTA in real world scenarios is demonstrated by testing the framework for two diverse application scenarios.

6 illus, 3 tables, 17 ref

021197   Sharma S;Sumathi A;Periasamy C (Electronics and Communication Engineering Dep, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur) : Photodetection properties of ZnO/Si - 359 - heterojunction diode: A simulation study. IETE Tech Rev 2017, 34(1), 83-90.

This article reports simulation study and performance analysis of ZnO/Si heterojunction-based UV-visible photodetector. Different electrical and optical parameters such as energy band diagram, electric field profile, dark current, quantum efficiency, responsivity, detectivity, and noise equivalent power of ZnO/Si heterojunction-based photodetector have been simulated as a function of device thickness, operating wavelength, and applied reverse bias voltage. The simulation software ATLAS^TM in SILVACO package is used to describe the effect of ZnO/Si interface properties on its photodetection. The value obtained for external quantum efficiency, responsivity, and specific detectivity for ZnO/Si heterojunction-based photodetector were <126>93%, 0.36 A/W, and 7.2 x 10¹⁰ cm Hz^1/2 W^-1, respectively. The estimated values for dark current and noise equivalent power were of the order of 10^-14 A and 10^-11 W, respectively.

11 illus, 1 table, 31 ref

021196   Sharma A K;Sharma S K;Vasistha P;Mangalhara J P (NO, Defence Laboratory, Jodhpur-342 011, Email: amit.sharma@dl.drdo.in) : Estimation of effect of emissivity on target detection through thermal imaging systems. Def Sci J 2017, 67(2), 177-82.

The effects of target emissivity on apparent thermal contrast as well as on detection range capabilities of thermal imagers in long wave infrared and middle wave infrared bands were evaluated. The apparent thermal contrast (to be seen by the thermal imager at standoff distance), considering only the emission from target and background, was first computed in both the IR bands in terms of target emissivity and secondly the apparent thermal contrast, considering the background radiation reflected off the target, was also computed. A graphical user interface simulation in MATLAB was prepared for the estimation of total apparent thermal contrast taking into account both the emission and reflection. This total apparent thermal contrast was finally used in night vision thermal and image processing model for predicting the detection range performance of thermal imagers. Results of the analysis show that the effect of target emissivity on thermal contrast estimates is more pronounced in LWIR. The lower thermodynamic temperature difference between target and background at lower values of target emissivity leads to negative thermal contrast which in-turn leads to higher detection ranges.

5 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

021195   Sharma A K;Sharma S K;Vasistha P;Mangalhara J P (NO, Defence Laboratory, Jodhpur-342 001, Email: amit.sharma@dl.drdo.in) : Effect of ambient temperature on calibration of cooled thermal camera. Def Sci J 2017, 67(2), 173-6.

Thermal cameras may be used under ambient conditions that differ significantly from the calibration conditions. The effect of ambient temperature on temperature measurement error is examined for MWIR and LWIR cooled thermal cameras. The facilities used include an environmental chamber and an extended area blackbody with temperature controller. Significant differences were observed in the temperatures measured by the cameras placed in different ambient temperatures, with reference to the set blackbody temperatures. Re-calibration was done to account for variations in ambient temperature from 5 °C to on the outputs of the cameras. It was found that after such recalibration, the measurement error was within acceptable accuracy of ±1 °C.

6 illus, 11 ref

021194   Sharaf A M;Sahin M E (NO, Sharaf Energy Systems, Inc. Fredericton, NB, Canada, Recep Tayyip Erdogan Univ, Rize, Turkey) : Flexible PV-powered battery-charging scheme for electric vehicles. IETE Tech Rev 2017, 34(2), 133-43.

This paper presents a new design for a low-impact, fully controlled, and flexible self-adjusting DC side pulse-width modulation (PWM)-hybrid modulated filter compensation (HMFC) scheme for multi photovoltaic-arrays utilized for vehicle-to-grid battery-charging electric vehicle schemes. The flexible HMFC scheme developed by the first author as a member of dynamic hybrid capacitor compensation and filtering scheme is robust and effective as it ensures maximum energy utilization and low inrush current transients. In addition, it provides transient voltage damping for a stabilized common DC interface bus to the battery charger. The new flexible controller uses a regulated multi-loop error-driven, error-scaled, and de-coupled hybrid mode charging controller for the PWM switching scheme along with two MOSFET/IGBT (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor/Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) complementary switches based on ratings and are cascaded for proper voltage and current photovoltaic (PV) arrays utilized. The dynamic error-driven controller ensures reduction in inrush current and transient voltage conditions as well as compensation for cloudy and shadowy conditions by equalizing the maximum power utilization of the two PV arrays. This will ensure - 358 - efficient PV solar-system energy utilization as well as fully de-coupled source-load operation for the new proposed multi modal Li-ion battery-charging controller. The multi-regulator error-driven proportional integrated derivative controllers with newly added acceleration and fast response auxiliary loops ensure efficient fast charging as well as common DC-bus stabilization under load excursions, temporary faults, and battery hybrid voltage-current-power (V-I-P) charging modes. The hybrid switched/modulated capacitive-filter compensator ensures limited current excursions for transient DC voltage conditions.

15 illus, 1 table, 27 ref

021193   Seela C R;Bhuvanagiri R;Bathi R (Mechanical Engg Dep, GMR Institute of Technology, Rajam-532 127, Email: chiranjeevarao@gmail.com) : Effect of nano Al₂O₃ added jatropha methyl ester on CI engine performance and emissions. Rasayan J Chem 2017, 10(4), 1189-93.

The purpose of this work is to investigate the influence of nano Aluminum Oxide nano on the performance and emission properties of a diesel engine operated with Jatropha methyl ester. The nano Aluminum Oxide was added to a blend of B10 such as 90% diesel + 10% Jatropha methyl ester. The JME was mixed with Aluminum Oxide particles using an ultrasonicator. It has been observed that, the Aluminum Oxide additive improves the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and reduces consumption of fuel per unit output for almost at all tested loads. The Aluminum Oxide is good in regulating the hydrocarbon (HC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and smoke.

9 illus, 25 ref

021192   Sarkar T;Chakraborty S;Paul B;Pradhan S N (ECE Dep, National Institute of Technology, Agartala, Agartala) : Thermal aware SOC testing by introducing cooling period. IETE Tech Rev 2017, 34(2), 113-21.

Power and temperature constraint system-on-chip (SOC) testing is currently a major research topic. Because of increasing technology scaling and increase in device density of SOC, overheating is - 357 - becoming a serious problem in the case of SOC testing. Most of the conventional power constrained test scheduling algorithms are unable to meet the temperature constraint. In this paper, two approaches of reducing test power and temperature of individual circuit and SOC have been presented. First approach considers reduction of leakage (which depends on previous pattern) during testing by ordering the test patterns. In the second approach, temperature aware SOC testing is considered. The cores of the SOC are tested with the ordered test patterns in a tactful way by introducing cooling time such that overall temperature of the SOC is reduced. Genetic algorithm (GA) based approach is used to minimize the total power and the temperature during testing by introducing cooling time between consecutive test patterns which are generated using ATALANTA for stuck-at fault model. Using this proposed technique, average saving of temperature is up to 91% when sufficient cooling period is introduced between consecutive test patterns.

5 illus, 5 tables, 13 ref

021191   Sarabi B K;Sharma M;Damanjeet Kaur (UIET, Panjab Univ, Chandigarh) : Simulation of a new technique for vibration tests, based upon active vibration control. IETE J Res 2017, 63(1), 80-8.

In this work, a novel technique is proposed for generating desired transient vibrations in a structure. Cantilevered plate structure is instrumented with one piezoelectric sensor patch and one piezoelectric actuator patch. Quadrilateral plate finite element having three degrees of freedom at each node is employed to divide the plate into finite elements. Thereafter, Hamilton's principle is used to derive equations of motion of the smart plate. Finite-element model is reduced to first three modes using orthonormal modal truncation and subsequently, the reduced finite-element model is converted into a state-space model. Optimal tracking control is then applied to the state-space model of the smart plate. Using this optimal controller, cantilevered plate is made to vibrate as per desired decay curves of first three modes. Simulation results show that presented optimal control strategy is very effective in simultaneously tracking first three vibration modes of the smart plate.

9 illus, 1 table, 22 ref

021190   Sandeep T D (Civil Engineering Dep, Visvesvaraya Technological Univ/New Horizon College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka) : Parametric studies on transmission line tower due to dynamic loading. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(6), 168-75.

India has a large population residing all over the country and the electricity need of this population creates requirements of large transmission and distribution system. Transmission line is an integrated system consisting of conductor subsystem, ground wire subsystem and one system for each category of support structure. Structural system of transmission line represents a significant portion of the cost of the line and they play an important role in the reliable power transmission. This thesis is concerned with the performance of three types of transmission line towers with varying heights under seismic and wind induced dynamic loads. Wind loads are considered as per IS 802(part1/sec1):1995, IS 875(part3): 1987 and seismic load as per IS 1893(part1):2002. The finite element analyses of transmission line tower involves modal analysis, equivalent static, response spectrum, time history and wind analysis with gust factor. The results obtained from the analyses are compared and the conclusions are drawn.

11 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref

021189   Sahare P;Dhok S B (NO, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur) : Review of text extraction algorithms for scene-text and document images. IETE Tech Rev 2017, 34(2), 144-64.

One of the major applications of text retrieval from images is to extract the text information and then recognize its characters. This is helpful for indexing the images within storage media. When we want to search a particular image or document, there is no need to go through a large bunch of images. We go only through the group of indexed images, so that the task of finding the particular image becomes easy. Extracting text lines from scanned document images present a major problem in optical character recognition process as skewed text lines raise the complexity. The problem gets even worse with the text lines of different orientations. Such lines are called as multi-skewed lines. These multi-skewed lines are easily observed in both printed and handwritten documents. It is a challenging task - 356 - to design a real time system, which can maintain a high recognition rate with good accuracy and is independent of the type of documents and character fonts. In this paper, we attempt to analyze and classify the various text extraction schemes for the scene-text and document images. We also compare different approaches of these images based on common problems and discuss their merits and demerits.

3 illus, 9 tables, 127 ref

021188   Reyna A;Panduro M A (NO, Universidad Autonoma de Tamaulipas, UAMR-R, Reynosa Mexico) : Synthesis of timed antenna arrays for flat-top energy patterns. IETE Tech Rev 2017, 34(1), 58-65.

This paper reports a new research in the field of the timed antenna arrays. It is presented as a novel synthesis of timed antenna arrays for flat-top energy patterns. The synthesis is carried out by optimizing true-time delays and amplitudes of different pulsed antenna arrays. Specially, the study regards the linear array, uniform square array, and uniform concentric ring array geometries. The optimization process is carried out by the well-known sequential quadratic programming. This methodology is compared with the particle swarm optimization algorithm in terms of computational cost and the quality of solution. The results show the performance of different timed antenna arrays with optimum flat energy patterns. The mutual coupling effects are included by a full-wave simulation of Vivaldi elements for the timed linear array in order to verify the proposed method. Important remarks are given for the design of timed antenna arrays for a flat-top energy pattern.

12 illus, 32 ref

021187   Ravishankar M;Rao D V;Kumar C R S (NO, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Pune-411 025, Email: monica_pcse14@diat.ac.in) : Game theoretic approach to modelling jamming attacks in delay tolerant networks. Def Sci J 2017, 67(3), 282-90.

The delay-tolerant-network (DTN) model is becoming a viable communication alternative to the traditional infrastructure model for military, terrestrial and atypical networks, which are characterised by transmission delay and intermittent network connections. The possibility of limited - 355 - connectivity and resource scarcity in DTNs make them vulnerable to various cyber-attacks, including interference attacks such as jamming. We study the defence against jamming attacks in a delay tolerant network with two adversarial players - the jammer, and the transmitter-receiver pair in a game theoretic environment. The transmitters seek to choose an optimal time to schedule the transmission securely to maximise the probability of successful delivery before the session expires, while signal interferences from the jammer attempts to minimise this probability. We design strategies for the transmitters that offset transmission period based inference of network traffic by the jammer. We deduce a solution for this game, using a probability distribution function over finite number of strategies for both the players to compute their expected payoff. Using a simulation test-bed, we create several scenarios in which the players are considered to have perfect/imperfect information and compute the expected payoff and resulting equilibrium values. The cases of perfect /imperfect information of the players are further studied using entropy based measures. These results are used to strategically evaluate the optimal time for the players, and assess the efficiency of the strategies used by the transmitters against jammer attacks.

7 illus, 21 ref

021186   Rao M S;Javed A;Chakraborty D (Directorate of Computational Dynamics, Defence Research and Development Laboratory, Hyderabad-500 058, Email: afrozjaved@gmail.com) : Numerical characterisation of supersonic exhaust diffusers. Def Sci J 2017, 67(2), 219-23.

Rocket motors that are designed to operate at high altitudes need a nozzle with a large expansion ratio to maximize the thrust at much lower atmospheric pressure than that of the sea level pressure. Accurate performance of these nozzles cannot be obtained when static tested on ground. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses have been performed to characterise the supersonic exhaust diffuser (SED). The results obtained from the CFD analyses have been found to be in good agreement with experimental and numerical values reported in the published literature. Started and un-started regions of the SED have been identified with the CFD results.

6 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

021185   Randhawa K (Mechanical Dep, CSPIT, Charusat, Changa, Gujarat) : Hydraulic expander. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(6), 27-30.

Expander machine is used to expand L-SAW and spiral welded pipes. Mechanical expander is used to expand pipes mechanically while hydro tester unit after that is used to hydro test pipes. Now a days technology is changing and people are always wish to save their cost of production, time, space and human power involvement. By combining mechanical expander and hydro tester unit of pipe manufacturing plant, one can easily achieve benefits of both. This paper is based on the combination of two machines of pipe manufacturing to increase the profit. Few pipe manufacturing plant have seen these benefits and have already implemented it.

6 illus, 1 table, 4 ref

021184   Prakash R;Sharma S K (NO, Yamuna Institute of Engineering and Technology, Yamunanagar, Haryana) : Joining of various metals and alloys via friction stir welding process: a review. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(6), 57-60.

Aluminium alloys are promptly replacing others conventional material for fabrication of automotive parts & structural components. Welding of Aluminium alloys have always been a challenge due to their poor weldability. Conventional fusion welding techniques have limitation of joining Aluminium alloys due to defects like depletion of alloying elements, porosity, blow holes, pin holes etc. Friction stir welding has become a alternative to the fusion welding as weld produce is free from all defects present in fusion welding. This study reviews the fabrication of various Aluminium alloys via Friction stir welding. An attempt has been made to study the effects of various friction stir welding parameters like tool geometry, tool rotational speed, welding speed, axial force, tool tilt angle, tool plunged depth etc. on the mechanical and microstructural properties of friction stir welding joints.

1 illus, 15 ref

021183   Pawanekar S;Kapoor K;Trivedi G (Electronics and Electrical Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Guwahati) : NAP: A nonlinear analytical hypergraph partitioning method. IETE J Res 2017, 63(1), 60-70.

Hypergraph partitioning is commonly used in solving very large scale integration (VLSI) placement problem, data mining, sparse matrix multiplication, and parallel computing. This paper presents a novel heuristic for hypergraph partitioning based on nonlinear programming. In our approach we consider adjacent one-dimensional bins. Since the reduction of cuts is equivalent to reducing the net length across the two bins, the vertices are moved across the bins in such a way that the density of vertices in each bin is balanced as per the partitioning requirement and reduction in the wirelength. For the Walshaw partitioning benchmarks, our tool NAPs' results are consistently comparable to that obtained by Chaco. Our tool NAP produces better cuts than Chaco on 22 instances out of 29 graph samples.

8 illus, 5 tables, 51 ref

021182   Pavan Kumar P K;Rajgopal K;Yerranagoudaru H (Mechanical Engineering Dep, RYMEC, Ballari, Karnataka) : Investigation to reduce emissions from engine. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(1), 44-7.

At present every nation is suffering to the effects caused by emission from the automobiles either from 2 stroke engines or from engines operating at 4 stroke, either diesel or gasoline engine. Every type of engine has its own parameters of emission in terms of Unburned Hydrocarbon (UBHC), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen oxide (NOx) and many other parameters like particulate matter etc. In the attempt to reduce the emission from the 2 stroke petrol engine we are using an exhaust silencer pipe which is coated with a mixture containing sodium silicate, aluminum silicate and activated charcoal in the required proportionate, the coating is done manually to the exhaust pipe and care is taken so that the coating is uniform to maximum extent. The exhaust pipe is fitted with a baffle so that the exhaust gases from the engine are exposed to the refractory coating which is coated on the baffle as well as the inner surface of the exhaust pipe which will help to reduce the emissions of the exhaust. The results obtained are significant in reduction of the emissions of UBHC and CO.

8 illus, 10 ref

021181   Panda A R;Mishra D;Ratha H K (NO, Institutions Integrated Test Range, Chandipur-756 025, Email: amiya87@gmail.com) : Software defined radio based UHF digital ground receiver system for flying object using Lab VIEW. Def Sci J 2017, 67(3), 291-7.

This study demonstrates the design and implementation of a software - 353 - defined radio based digital ground receiver system using LabVIEW. In flight testing centre, command transmission system is used to transmit specific commands to execute some operation inside the flight vehicle. One ground receiver system is needed to monitor the transmitted command and monitor the presence of the command in air. The newly implemented ground receiver system consists of FPGA, RTOS and general processing unit. The analog to digital conversion and RF down conversions are carried out in high speed PCI extension for instrumentation express cards. The communication algorithms, digital down conversion are implemented in FPGAs. The communication system uses digital demodulation and decoding scheme and realised by NI PXI-7966R with Xilinx Virtex 5, SXT, FPGA. The performance of the receiver system has been analysed by linearity measurement of pre-amplifier Gain, Noise figure, frequency, power and also measurement of sensitivity. The results show successful implementation of the ground receiver system.

9 illus, 1 table, 24 ref

021180   Nikhil B A;Ramesh S;Dhanasekar S;Sudarsan J S (Civil Engineering Dep, SRM Univ, Kattankulathur, Chennai-603 203, Email: anupnikhil93@gmail.com) : Analysis and treatment of reverse osmosis (RO) reject from dye industries using anaerobic baffled reactor. Rasayan J Chem 2017, 10(4), 1114-8.

Reverse osmosis (RO) is one of the advanced wastewater treatment processes that remove the concentrate in the form of dissolved impurities in raw waste water. The treated reject released during the RO process remain a major polluting problem. The RO reject, with high solid concentration, needs maximum purification. It is one major problem prevailing in the dye industry where RO was mainly used as a tertiary treatment to achieve zero discharge effluent. Approximately one-third of the total quantity of wastewater concentration was rejected and collected as RO reject in dye industries. This concentrated RO rejects stream seems to be more toxic than non-treated wastewater. To overcome this difficulty anaerobic baffled wall reactor (ABR) study was initiated. It was necessary to find a potential solution to treat RO reject with by-product recovery as the existing methods for treating RO reject is open dumping in the sea, discharge in sewer or swamps, as a dewatering process, disposal in water bodies. ABR study was carried out in a lab scale using RO as a feeding material. In this investigation, the anaerobic bio treatment process was carried out to reduce the Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) concentration. ABR has the advantage of operating at even reduced flow rates to ensure contact between the RO reject feed and micro-organism. As a result of anaerobic digestion, ABR will produce a biogas as a by-product. By investigating various characteristics, it was observed that there is a consequential percentage decrease in Biological oxygen demand (55% - 80%), Chemical oxygen demand (COD) (65% - 80%), Chlorides (75% - 90%) and Alkalinity (75% - 85%).

8 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

021179   Narwal A;Prasad R (Electrical Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand) : Optimization of LTI systems using modified clustering algorithm. IETE Tech Rev 2017, 34(2), 201-13.

A novel order diminution method for linear time invariant continuous systems is proposed in this paper. The reduced denominator polynomial is obtained by modified clustering algorithm and the reduced numerator polynomial coefficients are generated by an evolutionary algorithm as referred in this communication. Several numerical examples taken from the literature have been solved for the validation of the proposed method. The reduced system obtained by proposed method guarantees the stability if the original system is stable and also preserves all characteristics of given higher order system in the reduced one. The presented method is to be continued to multivariable systems and illustrates with numerical examples for proving the efficiency of the proposed method. Furthermore, the proposed method is also to be extended for order reduction of discrete time systems.

6 illus, 5 tables, 39 ref

021178   Nallusamy S;Saravanan S;Kannarasu V;Narayanan M R (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Dr. M G R Educational and Research Institute, Chennai-600 095, Email: ksnallu@gmail.com) : Experimental analysis on reinforced aluminium metal matrix with boron carbide, graphite and fly ash chemical composites. Rasayan J Chem 2017, 10(4), 1368-73.

The objective of this research is to perform an experimental study on the tribological behavior of Al-7075 alloy reinforced with boron carbide (B₄C), graphite (Gr) and fly ash. The reinforcements added to aluminium alloy in three different compositions like B₄C at 3wt%/Gr at 3wt%/ fly ash at 6wt%, B₄C at 3wt%/Gr at 4wt%/ fly ash at 7wt% and B₄C at 3wt%/Gr at 5wt%/ fly ash at 8wt%. The composites were fabricated through stir casting process. Hardness and wear tests were conducted for all three different composites using Brinell hardness testing machine and pin on disc wear test apparatus respectively. The inverted microscope examination was also carried out to check the microstructural view of the specimens and it was observed that the reinforcement was uniformly distributed in the primary matrix without agglomeration. From the experimental results, it was found that B₄C at 3wt%/Gr at 5wt%/ fly ash at 8wt% composite specimen has shown better results than other two composition specimens and may suggest for automobile industries.

5 illus, 6 tables, 32 ref

021177   Nallusamy S;Rajaram Narayanan M;Hariharan S (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Dr. M G R Educational and Research Institute, Chennai-600 095, Email: ksnallu@gmail.com) : Synthesis and characterization of TiN, TiAIN and TiAIN/Si₃N₄ chemical nanocomposite. Rasayan J Chem 2017, 10(4), 1289-95.

Nanocomposite coating is a coating with measurements of grain size or individual layers which could be less than 100 nm and it offers enriched durability and performance. The objective of this article is to present the chemical and mechanical characteristics of nano-coated cutting tools. To improve the machinability and tool life, the cutting tool inserts are coated with nanoparticles of nitride coatings using titanium nitride, titanium aluminium nitride and titanium aluminium nitride with silicon nitride. With the advent of nano composites, a coating of thickness in nanometers has become a reality. The nano coatings are carried out through physical vapor deposition process on thin films, get experimentally tested and are coated on cutting tool insert. These TiN, TiAlN and TiAlN/Si₃N₄ have been adopted due to their better chemical and mechanical properties. Enrichment of hardness is an important criteria and maximum hardness is obtained through multilayer structurization of composites. In this experimental analysis, the various mechanical properties of thin films like hardness, Young's and reduced modulus of thin films were found through a method called nanoindentation, which was carried out on nine different samples of titanium nitride and the results were interpreted.

8 illus, 2 tables, 30 ref

021176   Nagarajan R;Poonia K;Bilonia S D;Singh R (NO, Defence Laboratory, Jodhpur-342 011, Email: r.nagarajan@dl.drdo.in) : Infrared characterisation and prediction of aviation turbine fuel plume. Def Sci J 2017, 67(2), 183-7.

Broad (3.7 μm - 4.8 μm) as well as narrow band (4.16 μm - 4.24 μm) mid wave infrared characterisation of plume has been reported here. Multiple angular measurements (azimuth) were carried out on a laboratory developed plume source with aviation turbine fuel (ATF) using thermal imaging systems. Correlation of IR prediction to experimental results is the key objectives of this study. As this narrow band covers the blue spike of plume, a comparison of the same with broad band plume contribution has been reported for the first - 351 - time. Also, a model to simulate the IR radiation of two-dimensional parabolic jet was developed and used to predict spectral contribution from major hydrocarbon fuel combustion products (CO₂ and H₂O). In addition, it was found that the plume transmission characteristics extracted form imager measurements are qualitatively in agreement with prediction results.

8 illus, 9 ref

021175   Naderolasli A;Tabatabaei M (Electrical Engineering Dep, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad Univ, Isfahan, Iran) : Stabilization of the two-axis gimbal system based on an adaptive fractional-order sliding-mode controller. IETE J Res 2017, 63(1), 124-33.

This paper introduces an adaptive fractional-order sliding-mode controller for stabilization of a two-axis gimbal platform in the presence of the torque disturbance effects. To tend the angular velocities of the inner gimbal in the elevation and azimuth axes to zero, an adaptive fractional-order sliding-mode approach is utilized. To achieve this goal, fractional-order sliding surfaces in both azimuth and elevation axes and the corresponding adaptive controllers with adjustable parameters tuned according to Lyapunov-based adaptation mechanisms are employed. The optimal value of the fractional order is obtained through an integral square error performance index minimization. The moments products uncertainties are incorporated in the design procedure. The numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed control approach is robust against the moments products variations.

10 illus, 1 table, 28 ref

021174   Nadda S;Swarup A (Electrical Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra-136 119, Email: sudhir.nadda87@gmail.com) : Trackingcontrol design for quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle. Def Sci J 2017, 67(3), 245-53.

The model of a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is nonlinear and dynamically unstable. A flight controller design is proposed on the basis of Lyapunov stability theory which guarantees that all the states remain and reach on the sliding surfaces. The control strategy uses sliding mode with a backstepping control to perform the position and attitude tracking control. This proposed controller is simple and effectively enhance the performance of quadrotor UAV. In order to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed control method, White Gaussian Noise and aerodynamic moment disturbances are taken into account. The performance of the nonlinear control method is evaluated by comparing the performance with developed linear quadratic regulator and existing backstepping control technique and proportional-integral-derivative from the literature. The comparative performance results demonstrate the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy for the quadrotor UAV.

7 illus, 3 tables, 28 ref

021173   Mukherjee B K;Sinha M (Aerospace Engineering Dep, IIT, Kharagpur, Email: bjoy.here@gmail.com) : Dynamic inversion control for performing herbst manoeuver with lateral center-of-gravity offset. Def Sci J 2017, 67(2), 198-206.

The present study addresses the effects of lateral center-of-gravity (CG) movement, resulting from asymmetric firing of some of the onboard stores, on the dynamics and control of a combat aircraft while attempting the highly demanding Herbst manoeuver. The complete six degree-of-freedom equations of motion of the aircraft for such lateral CG offset are derived in two different body reference frames attached either to the symmetric nominal CG location or to the shifted asymmetric CG location. The Herbst manoeuver is first simulated using nonlinear dynamic inversion based control to handle the highly nonlinear post stall flight dynamics considering the standard equation of motion without considering any lateral CG variation. Thereafter, it is observed that if the same controller is retained, the manoeuver performance deteriorates significantly even when the CG undergoes a moderate lateral shift. To overcome this shortfall, closed loop controllers are next designed incorporating both the models of asymmetric dynamics as derived in this paper. It is validated through MATLAB simulations that both the controls, thus designed, can recover the original manoeuver performance almost completely; however, the first one requires more complex computations and hence increased computation time while the - 350 - second one requires that all the measurements be transformed to the new body reference frame at every time step.

5 illus, 15 ref

021172   Mathi S;Kalyaan P;Kanimozhi S;Bhuvaneshwari S (Computer Science and Engineering Dep, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita Univ, Coimbatore-641 112, Email: m_senthil@cb.amrita.edu) : Integrating non-linear and linear diffusion techniques to prevent fault attacks in advanced encryption standard to enhance security of 4G-LTE networks. Def Sci J 2017, 67(3), 276-81.

Long term evolution based fourth generation (4G) mobile technology has provided a platform for fast and efficient wireless communication. The advanced encryption standard (AES) is one of the three cryptographic algorithms used in 4G networks for encryption of sensitive data. In spite of offering high immunity, AES is still vulnerable to few attacks. This weakness in AES algorithm makes 4G susceptible to several security issues. This paper specifically focuses on fault attacks performed on AES. A fault induced in any one of the rounds of AES helps the attacker to derive information about the secret key. In this manner, these fault attacks pose a serious threat to wireless mobile communication as he or she may gain access to any network that is encrypted with AES. In earlier works, various countermeasures have been suggested to prevent them. However, each of these preventive measures has their own limitations and vulnerabilities. This paper proposes an enhanced method of preventing fault attacks in AES by incorporating a combination of non-linear and linear diffusion techniques. This method identifies if a fault has been injected and diffuses the fault well into the matrix, providing no information about the secret key to the attacker. The performance evaluation proves that the proposed prevention method outperforms the others in terms of time, cost and efficiency.

9 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref

021171   Madhu S;Kumaran P;Ashok Kumar A;Raafiq N M; Murali G (Automobile Engineering Dep, Saveetha School of Engineering, Thandalam-602 105, Email: mathumarine@gmail.com) : Pulse electro co-deposited Ni/MWCNT coatings on Al 6061 substrate using pulse electroplating. Rasayan J Chem 2017, 10(4), 1472-80.

The excellent mechanical properties of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) like high modulus of elasticity, strength, modulus and fracture strain, they are substitution benefits as reinforcement materials in metallic thin coatings. In this work, a composite coating of Nickel and carbon nanotube (CNT) deposited on aluminum (Al 6061) using pulse electrodeposition (PED) engaged in a nickel watts bath. Surface topography, microhardness, and microstructure and wear resistance of CNT composite coatings were studied. In the composite coating, the carbon nanotubes prohibited the columnar shape growth of the nickel caused resulting in fragile texture. From the experimental result, it can be observed that, the Ni-CNT composite coating on aluminum significantly enhanced microhardness of 567 ± 15 HV. Pure nickel coatings - 349 - showed the hardness value of 302 ± 15 HV. The wear test experiment result indicated that, the reinforcement of CNTs significantly enhance the wear resistance of the MWCNT-NI-Al composite coatings.

8 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

021170   Lorenzo R;Chaudhury S (Electrical Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam) : Review of circuit level leakage minimization techniques in CMOS VLSI circuits. IETE Tech Rev 2017, 34(2), 165-87.

Ever increasing demand for portable and battery-operated systems has led to aggressive scaling. While technology scaling facilitates faster and high-performance devices, at the same time it causes excessive power dissipation especially the leakage. Leakage power dissipation is now a dominating component of total power consumption in today's high-performance chip. So there is a tremendous need to limit the power dissipation in high-density chips, which has initiated many innovative techniques to develop in the design of low power circuits and systems. Nano-scaled very large-scale integration (VLSI) chips have ultra-thin gate oxide, very low threshold voltage, and have short channels. Therefore, leakage power dissipation has emerged as the most challenging issue in VLSI circuit and systems. In this paper, we present a general review of the state-of-the-art circuit level leakage minimization techniques since 1995. It also conceptually classifies the different techniques for leakage minimization. Furthermore, a detailed analysis on the effect of technology nodes on leakage and speed has been carried out using a basic complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) gate with SPICE tool. It also verifies for the reliability issues under process, voltage, and temperature variations. This comprehensive study along with the experimental result can be used to choose the most effective technique for minimizing leakage.

39 illus, 6 tables, 68 ref

021169   Kumbhar S R (Electronics Dep, Willingdon College, Sangli (MS)-416 415) : Development of FPGA based speed control of induction motor. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(6), 141-6.

Since the invention of the wheel there is revolution of rotating machine and the operation of the process has improved. This invention brought the world closer in terms of distance and time. Everywhere the rotating machines were used in different processes. Every moment there is necessity of control of the rotating machine in which the motors are used. The control of the machine is possible with FPGA as it is fast operating device and responds very fast for the changing load and immediately compensates the speed. Fuzzy approach is growing interest in the field of control of various devices. The increasing number of fuzzy applications as well as non linearity handling features and independence modeling requirements, the FPGA is proper choice for control applications. The speed control can be done in various ways and for this purpose now a days the Personal Computer, microcontroller and PLA are used. In different places the speed controller changes are required which is possible using the control devices and at the same time monitoring of various parameters under - 348 - investigation is necessary. In such cases, the monitoring the various parameters is very essential. The simulation technique provides the better control as well as implementation. The present work contributes towards the speed control of induction motor using PWM technique. In this technique the inverter will be designed for three phase and run by using PWM which conduct one pair of MOSFET leg for1200.The design of three phase of inverter and its performance testing is carried out and compared with the standard drive available in the market. The testing of the drive performance, efficiency and its speed at various levels is also carried in the present investigation. The different parameter estimation modules are designed around FPGA and tested.

9 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

021168   Kulkarni N N;Bairagi V K (Electronics Engineering Dep, AISSMS Institute of Information Technology, Pune) : Extracting salient features of EEG-based diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease using support vector machine classifier. IETE J Res 2017, 63(1), 11-22.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common and fastest growing neurodegenerative diseases in the western countries. Development of different biomarkers tools are key issues for the diagnosis of AD and its progression. Prediction of cognitive performance of subjects from electroencephalography (EEG) and identification of relevant biomarkers are some of the research problems. Although EEG is a powerful and relatively cheap tool for the diagnosis of AD and dementia, it does not achieve the standards of clinical performance in terms of sensitivity and specificity to accept as a reliable technique for the screening of AD. Hence, there is an immense need to develop an efficient system and algorithms for diagnosis. Accordingly, the objective of this research paper is to analyze different features for the diagnosis of AD to serve as a possible biomarker to distinguish between AD subject and normal subject. The research is carried out on an experimental database. Three different features such as spectral-, wavelet-, and complexity-based features are computed and compared on the basis of classification accuracy obtained. The classification is carried out using support vector machine classifier giving 96% accuracy on complexity-based features and increased performance in terms of sensitivity and specificity. The results show the improved performance in the diagnosis of AD. It is observed that the severity of AD is depicted in EEG complexity. These features used in research work can be considered as the benchmark for AD diagnosis.

9 illus, 1 table, 34 ref

021167   Klipstein P C;et al. (NO, , SemiConductor Devices, P.O. Box 2250, Haifa 31021, Israel, Email: philip_k@scd.co.il) : Long wave infrared type II superlattice focal plane array detector. Def Sci J 2017, 67(2), 135-40.

The XBn/XBp family of barrier detectors enables diffusion limited dark currents comparable with Hg_xCd_1-x Te Rule-07 and high quantum efficiencies. SCD's XBp type II superlattice (T2SL) detector contains InAs/GaSb and InAs/AlSb T2SLs, and was designed for the long wave infrared (LWIR) atmospheric window using k . p based modeling of the energy bands and photo-response. Wafers are grown by molecular beam epitaxy and are fabricated into focal plane array (FPA) detectors using standard FPA processes, including wet and dry etching, indium bump hybridisation, under-fill, and back-side polishing. The 640 x 512 pixel, 15 μm pitch, detector goes by the name of 'Pelican-D LW' and exhibits a quantum efficiency of <126> 50 per cent with background limited performance at an operating temperature of 77 K. It has a cut-off wave length of <126> 9.5 - 347 - μm, with a pixel operability of above 99 per cent. The detector gives a very stable image with a residual non uniformity of below 0.04 per cent over its useful dynamic range. A new digital read-out integrated circuit has been designed so that the complete detector closely follows the configuration of SCD's MWIR Pelican-D detector.

8 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

021166   Karthikeyan V;Jamuna V (Electrical and Electronics Engineering (Marine) Dep, AMET Univ, Chennai) : Multilevel inverter with reduced number of switches for solar energy generation. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(6), 113-6.

A New multilevel inverter with reduced number of switches and unequal DC sources is presented. Compared to conventional inverter this inverter produces higher number of output levels with less number of switches and thus harmonics are reduced and the power quality is improved. The switching angles of each level in the output are determined using simple sine property to reduce the output harmonics. The simulation of 33-level asymmetrical multilevel inverter with reduced number of switches is performed using MATLAB/Simulink and the results are presented. The output voltage and current harmonic contents thus reduced are brought to the IEEE standards.

11 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

021165   Kakkar S;Rani S (ECE Dep, Bhai Gurdas Institute of Engineering and Technology, Sangrur) : Implementation of fractal geometry to enhance the bandwidth of CPW fed printed monopole antenna. IETE J Res 2017, 63(1), 23-30.

In this article, implementation of a plus shaped fractal geometry is proposed to broaden the impedance bandwidth of a co-planar waveguide (CPW) fed microstrip patch antenna. Compared to the reference antenna, the bandwidth of plus shaped fractal antenna is more than double (56% from 4.56 to 7.92 GHz covering most of the C-band) and size has been reduced by 11.36%. Further, analysis of dimensional parameters of the co-planar ground plane has been examined critically in order to investigate its effect on antenna performance. Experiments have been performed on the fabricated antenna and the obtained results show a good agreement with the simulated results.

10 illus, 5 tables, 14 ref

021164   Juneja P;Sharma S;Mittal D;Lokesh Kumar (Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dep, Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology, Plot No-1 Sector-22, PSP Area, Rohini, Delhi) : Electronic eye for security system. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(6), 195-7.

The significant parameters to ensure the safeguard of our household components are-- home security and monitoring. An eye(metaphorically speaking) is to be focused specifically to perform the above two parameters. An electronic eye may sub-stantially ameliorate the safety mechanism of the living house. Incidents of breach of security in the absence of the house own-ers is increasing day-by-day. In addition to the traditional securi-ty systems, there is now dire need of state-of-the-art communica-tion module with a micro controller - 346 - enabled system to send commands and receive alerts. An electronic eye is designed to provide the security system for home and offices. It is a simple, not-so-expensive, easy to use and reliable security system for room locker in homes, offices that supports the use of a sensor and an arduino is used to send the signals to control unit of electronic dye. The buzzer alarm is needed for on-the-spot security purposes.

5 illus, 12 ref

021163   Jitendra Kumar;Panchapakesan N R (Aerospace Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600 036, Email: jitendra@jetmail.ada.gov.in) : Numerical investigation of rotating lid-driven cubical cavity flow. Def Sci J 2017, 67(3), 233-9.

The present work numerically investigates the flow field in a cubical cavity driven by a lid rotating about an axis passing through its geometric center. Behaviour of core flow and secondary vortical structures are presented. Grid-free critical Reynolds number at which flow turns oscillatory is estimated to be 1606. This differs significantly from the linear lid-driven cubical cavity as well as circular lid-driven cylindrical cavity flows which have been reported to attain unsteadiness at higher Reynolds numbers. A stationary vortex bubble similar to rotating lid-driven cylindrical cavity flow has been observed to be present in the flow.

8 illus, 11 ref

021162   Jeng R H;Chen W S (Electrical Engineering Dep, National Chi Nan Univ, Nantou, Taiwan) : Two feature-level fusion methods with feature scaling and hashing for multimodal biometrics. IETE Tech Rev 2017, 34(1), 91-101.

This paper presents a new feature-level information fusion mechanism based on shuffle coding, called shuffle coding-based feature-level fusion (SC-FLF), for personal authentication. Our approach (SC-FLF) aims at constructing an information fusion mechanism to integrate features from the same or different feature spaces in which the ranges of feature values from different traits differ largely. In this mechanism, the shuffle-coding operator includes dimension adjustment, feature standardization, and fusion coding. This paper addresses two distinct methods, such as feature scaling and hashing, to standardize the range of independent features of data. The shuffle encoder of the SC-FLF in Method 1 uses a feature scaling and the resulting binary code represents the distance between a set of normalized feature values with 2's complement. On the other hand, in Method 2, the shuffle encoder of the SC-FLF with hashing uses a projection framework for maximizing the features on a hyperplane and then quantizes the hash values as a sequence of binary codes. A XOR operation works as the fusion coding to produce the resulting fusion code. Three different types of fusion are designed to evaluate the fusion performance. Experimental validation illustrates that the proposed fusion methods for combining features in multimodal biometrics advances the recognition performance significantly.

7 illus, 7 tables, 39 ref

021161   Janarthanan S;Balaji D;Johnpowl S (EEE-Marine Dep, AMET Univ, Chennai) : Comparative analysis of FACTS controller for IG based wind farms in grid connected system. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(6), 69-74.

The renewable energy sources are the alternative energy sources. There are various types of renewable energy among those wind farms are becoming important distributed renewable energy resources. Wind turbines with induction generator (IG) are the most commonly used for wind power generation. The IG consumes reactive power and also there is some disturbances in power system such as voltage variation can lead to over speeding of IG and cause voltage instability. The injection of power from wind farms employing fixed speed IG concerns power quality problem such as voltage instability, variation of voltage, flicker and harmonics. FACTS devices have the capability to increase stability limits and improve system dynamic response. This project focuses the performance of FACTS devices such as SVC and STATCOM to improve system dynamic response has been analyzed using MATLAB/SIMULINK. This analysis is performed to find out the better compensator among these FACTS devices.

20 illus, 14 ref

021160   Janarthanan S (EEE Dep, AMET Univ, Chennai, Tamil Nadu) : Analysis of grid connected DFIG based wind farms for reactive power compensation. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(6), 198-202.

The proposal of this project addresses the reactive power generation of offshore wind parks using double fed induction generators (DFIG) connected to the main grid with long cables. During steady state operation, reactive power can be generated with minimum power loss of wind energy system while meeting the grid code requirement. During grid disturbance, the wind power generators have to provide voltage support by increasing reactive current supply. DFIG are the machines of choice for large wind turbines. The doubly fed induction generator system is investigated as viable alternative to adjust speed over a wide range while keeping cost of the power converters minimal. Decoupled control of active and reactive power can be realized using the dynamic model of the DFIG. The modeling and control of DFIG and the simulation was done in MATLAB Simulink environment and the results are verified.

12 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

021159   Jain A;Biswas A (Space Applications Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad-380 015, Email: ankurjain@sac.isro.gov.in) : Parasitic flux analysis of cooled infrared detectors for space applications. Def Sci J 2017, 67(2), 193-7.

An infrared imager measures radiations emitted by an object in specified spectral bands to determine change in object's characteristics over a period of time. A typical infrared imager consists of focusing optics and a cryogenically cooled - 344 - two-dimensional infrared detector array mounted on the cold tip of an active micro-cooler vacuum sealed with an optical window, typically known as integrated detector cooler assembly (IDCA). Detection of feeble radiant flux from the intended target in a narrow spectral band requires a highly sensitive low noise sensor array with high well capacity. However, in practical applications the performance of an infrared imager is limited by the parasitic thermal emissions from optical elements and emissions from IDCA components like vacuum window, Dewar walls which are generally kept at ambient temperature. To optimise the performance of imager it becomes imperative to estimate these parasitic fluxes and take corrective actions to minimise their effects. This paper explains an analytical model developed to estimate parasitic fluxes generated from different components of a long wave infrared imager. Validation of the developed model was carried out by simulations in ZEMAX optical design software using ray trace method after analytical computations in MATLAB.

7 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

021158   Inderpreet Kaur;Rai H S;Singh H (Civil Engineering Dep, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical Univ, Kapurthala) : Cost effectiveness of fabric reinforced epoxy composites for structural applications. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(6), 176-8.

The objective of this paper is to gain a better understanding of mechanical properties of epoxy resin composites reinforced with unidirectional basalt and compare with unidirectional carbon and bidirectional glass fiber sheet. Cost effectiveness of different fabric was studied. In this investigation, specimens were prepared for three fabric composite families having longitudinal unidirectional carbon and basalt fabric and cross bidirectional glass fabric using epoxy based polymer reinforced according to ASTM D3039 to evaluate tensile strength of the composites. The failure of composites was examined and average tensile strength, tensile modulus and elongation were found.

1 illus, 5 tables, 7 ref

021157   Horng W R;Fang C H;Chou J H (Electrical Engineering Dep, National Kaohsiung Univ of Applied Sciences, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.) : Quadratic optimal control with disturbance attenuation for uncertain continuous-time T-S fuzzy systems. IETE J Res 2017, 63(1), 98-108.

In this study, an algebraically computational method is proposed to synthesize non-parallel-distributed-compensation (non-PDC) fuzzy controller such that (1) the prescribed disturbance attenuation level for the uncertain continuous-time Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy system can be achieved, and (2) a quadratic integral performance index for nominal T-S fuzzy model-based control system can be minimized. We first derive relaxed linear matrix inequality (LMI) conditions by non-quadratic Lyapunov function and non-PDC fuzzy controller to meet prescribed disturbance attenuation level for the uncertain T-S systems. Then by using LMIs and orthogonal function array, the robust quadratic optimal control with disturbance attenuation for uncertain T-S fuzzy system is transformed into constrained-optimization problem represented by algebraic equations and LMI constraints. For static constrained-optimization problem, the HTGA is employed to search the gains non-PDC controllers. Therefore, the robust optimal controller design problem can be greatly simplified with the proposed method. The design example is given to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach.

2 illus, 2 tables, 29 ref

021156   Hirwani C K;Mahapatra T R;Panda S K;Sahoo S S;Singh V K;Patle B K (Mechanical Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela-769 008, Email: pandask@nitrkl.ac.in) : Nonlinear free vibration analysis of laminated carbon/epoxy curved panels. Def Sci J 2017, 67(2), 207-18.

Nonlinear frequency responses of the laminated carbon/epoxy composite curved shell panels have been investigated numerically and validated with in-house experimentation. The nonlinear responses have been computed numerically via customised computer code developed in MATLAB environment with the help of current mathematical model in conjunction with the direct iterative method. The mathematical model of the layered composite structure derived using various shear deformable kinematic models (two higher-order theories) in association with Green-Lagrange nonlinear strains. The current model includes all the nonlinear higher-order strain terms in the formulation to achieve generality. Further, the modal test has been conducted experimentally to evaluate the desired frequency values and are extracted via the transformed signals using fast Fourier transform technique. In addition, the results are computed using the simulation model developed in commercial finite - 343 - element package (ANSYS) via batch input technique. Finally, numerical examples are solved for different geometrical configurations and discussed the effects of other design parameters (thickness ratio, curvature ratio and constraint condition) on the fundamental linear and nonlinear frequency responses in details.

7 illus, 9 tables, 39 ref