022017   Kasambe P V;Bhole K S;Bhoir D V (Electronics Engineering Dep, S.P.I.T., Andheri (W), Mumbai-400 058) : Performance evaluation of embedded strain sensing varying thickness polymer micro-cantilever as biosensor platform. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(7), 1-7.

High deflection sensitivity of micro-cantilever is one of the important criteria for cantilever being used as a sensor as well as an actuator. Also resonance frequency of these sensors needs to be higher for biosensing applications. Varying thickness cantilever satisfy these desired criteria as compared to constant thickness micro-cantilever of similar length and width. Deflection sensitivity of polymer based cantilever is further enhanced by its low value of Young's Modulus. Among various techniques of detection, piezoresistive based technique is treated as the most suitable detection technique for micro-cantilever in bio-sensing applications. Taking all these aspects into consideration, this paper presents design of varying thickness micro-cantilever and its simulations. The proposed varying thickness cantilever consists of strain sensing embedded piezoresistive material. The study also presents the optimization of dimensions of multi-layer varying thickness micro-cantilever with objective of high sensitivity and resonance frequency. The paper also presents the fabrication methodology and materials for fabrication of varying thickness multilayer varying thickness micro-cantilever. The electromechanical and mechanical performance characterization of this micro-cantilever is further evaluated. This paper uses Finite Element Method (FEM) to obtain the performance of piezoresistive micro-cantilever sensor by optimizing the geometrical dimensions of both cantilever and piezoresistor. CoventorWare a commercial FEM tool - 328 - for MEMS device design and simulation is used for this work. It is observed that the deflection sensitivity, change in resistance due to stress for this proposed micro-cantilever is quite higher than the normal rectangular micro-cantilever.

14 illus, 25 ref

022016   Karthika K;Priya P;Ashish R S;Bharathi C I (Civil Engineering Dep, Prince Shri Venkateshwara Padmavathy Engineering College, Ponmar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu) : Experimental analysis on manufacture of brick by partial replacement of clay with stone dust. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(7), 54-6.

Due to increasing population the building materials used in conventional period is depleting, so the civil engineers are in the situation to use the waste material effectively in construction works without compromising the quality of the material. This strategy will also help to reduce the effects taking in disposal of waste materials. Bricks are one of the important building material used in construction but due to its non-availability of resource and its increased self-weight in the structure hollow blocks and solid blocks replace it. In this paper, the main material clay in conventional brick is partially replaced with different proportion of stone dust of percentage 10% 20% 30% effectively. Bricks are moulded with hand and dry it in hot weather for 15 days and burnt the bricks about 1100°C to find the mechanical and physical properties. For each combination 5 sample of bricks were casted for accuracy in result. Compression test, efflorescence test and water absorption test were conducted and the results are reviewed with conventional property of brick. In this research, the stone dust with 20% stone dust gives optimum result with lower water absorption capacity.

4 illus, 4 tables, 7 ref

022015   Kapoor K;Singh I (NO, , ) : Reviewing some properties of concrete containing recycled concrete aggregates. J Constr Engng Technol Mgmt 2017, 7(2), 50-62.

Concrete being most commonly used construction material, is largely responsible for exhaustion of natural resources. The construction activities around the world generate millions tons of Construction and Demolition Wastes (CDW) every year. This waste generated from the construction activities and demolition of old structures is becoming a major concern for the modern society. Thus, the construction industry is more attracted towards the use of alternate materials so that the impact of CDW is reduced. The use of Recycled Concrete Aggregates (RCA) as a replacement of Natural Aggregates (NA) may help - 327 - to conserve the natural resources and reduce the environmental impact. This paper presents a review on the production and properties of RCA. The properties of concrete made with RCA are also presented.

022014   Jyothi;Ponnambalam;Praveen Kumar C (NO, VIT Vellore, Tamil Nadu) : VLC enabled indoor navigation system for visually impaired people. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(8), 28-32.

The WHO committee broadly estimated that about 10% of the world population is disabled. India is now been a home to the world's largest number of blind people. In an entire world there are 37 million people across the globe who are blind over 15 million are from India. In order to help blind people, Nowadays as our modern technology is developing people use a huge number of data to accomplish their work through wire or wireless network. In order to make easy transmission of data a new technology, Li-Fi has been evolved, where it transmits a data through LED lights in such a way that it is undetectable to human eyes. Li-Fi is a unique technology which is used in progression with WIFI (wireless fidelity) technology.

8 ref

022013   Joshi R M;Gandhi P P (Electronics and Communication Dep, L.C. Institute of Technology, Bhandu, Gujarat, Email: rohitjoshi0015@gmail.com) : Low-offset high speed CMOS voltage comparator using 180 nm technology. J VLSI Des Tool Technol 2017, 7(3), 21-7.

A low Off-Set high-speed two-stage dynamic comparator is presented. In this circuit, PMOS transistors are used at the input of the first and second stages of the comparator. At the evaluation phase, the second stage is activated after the first stage with a predetermined delay to achieve a controllable pre-amplifier gain. Also, the first stage is turned off after the delay to reduce overall power consumption. Simulation results in 0.18μm CMOS technology, prove that the proposed circuit reduces the power consumption by a factor of two and reduces comparison time as large as 210ps in the same budget of offset voltage compared to the conventional circuit. Moreover, the offset voltage and power consumption of the comparator trades with the speed which is simply controlled by the delay of the second stage. As a result, a low-power comparator for given offset and speed requirements can be designed efficiently.this comparator are generated off-Set voltage is 2 mV and power consumption is 190 μW.

6 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref

022012   Johnson E J;Joshi S M;Sarangi R K (NO, , PCE, New Panvel, Maharashtra) : Performance of closed loop pulsating heat pipe: A numerical analysis. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(7), 91-4.

The advancement in technology incorporated a huge number of components to a single chip where the performance improved but the heat rejection rate increased owing for a highly efficient cooling method. Conventional method of heat pipe cooling failed to achieve the best, paved way for a next generation of pulsating heat pipe. The current work reflects simulation study to understand the performance of a complex pulsating - 326 - heat pipe with 16 number of turns using CFD. Water was used as the working fluid. Here a discussion of various factors affecting the performance is held and a detailed study is conducted by through a CFD simulation using VOF Model.

8 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

022011   Jeni P R J;Janarthan T;Kannadasan K (NO, Peri Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu) : Design of a fractal-based circularly polarized UHF RFID reader antenna. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(8), 44-8.

The coplanar waveguide (CPW) fractal antennas have been given importance in recent days at lower frequencies by considering its advantage of obtaining wider bandwidth. Presently, RF domain is mainly concentrating on design of circularly polarized (CP) antennas for RFID applications as the reader can access the tag information regardless of its polarization. This mainly improves the reading capabilities of RFID reader, which is a major design constraint in whole RFID domain. This project presents the design of a coplanar waveguide (CPW) circularly polarized antenna for the central frequency 900 MHz, it comes in handy for radio frequency identification(RFID) short-range reading applications within the band of 902-928 MHz where the axial ratio of proposed antenna model is less than 3 dB. The proposed design has an axial-ratio bandwidth of 36 MHz (4%) and impedance bandwidth of 256 MHz (28.5%). The proposed design includes monopole a CPW structure concept to provide larger bandwidth at lower frequency 900 MHz, which comes to be an enormous increment typically from 4% to 5% for a general square patch (FR-4) substrate antenna to greater than 20% for CPW monopole structure. It includes fractal antenna concepts to achieve compactness as well as circular polarization.

4 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

022010   Jain A;Tiwari A (NO, , ) : New framework for optimal hesitation pattern mining. J Commun Engng Syst 2017, 7(2), 34-41.

In mathematical optimization, the firefly algorithm is a metaheuristic approach. It has been proposed by Xin-She Yang and inspired by the flashing behavior of fireflies. Proposed research used Firefly Algorithm for discovering - 325 - the best Association rules. In this species, it is always the female who glows, and only the male has wings. In other species, Luciola lusitanica, both male and female firefly may emit light and both have wings. If a firefly is hungry or looks for a mate its light glows brighter in order to make the attraction of insects or mates more effective. Since the stored data are not always exact and precise, some means are required to handle this aspect of data and extract the useful information, (e.g., hesitation information) arising from such uncertainties. For this purpose vague set theory using Firefly Algorithm emerge as powerful tool will be applied to optimize the Association rule for efficiently modeling the uncertainties that occur in datasets. A new efficient approach is proposed for exploring high-quality association rules. The proposed approach is based on firefly algorithm, which is an optimization algorithm used in extracting Vague or Hesitant Information. In this approach, we initialize the population of firefly. Calculate the fitness of each firefly. If fitness of firefly (j) is greater than firefly (i) than firefly (i) move toward firefly (j). Calculate the intensity of firefly (i) and update light intensity of firefly (i). This iteration continues till maximum or desired condition occurs.

022009   Jahromi M R M (Polymer Engineering Dep, Islamic Azad Univ, Science and Research Branch, Yazd, Iran) : Rheology, morphology, mechanical properties and cure characterization of rubber nanocomposite based on NBR/SBR blends filled with montmorillonite: Effect of feeding sequence. Int J pharm Res Allied Sci 2017, 6(4), 95-106.

In this work, nanocomposites based on acrylonitrilebutadiene rubber/styrene butadiene rubber (NBR/SBR) at 50 / 50 blend ratio with cloisite 15A(C15A) and cloisite 30B(C30B) nanoparticle using two feeding sequence technic including masterbatch (MB) and direct (D) technics were prepared via melt mixing method. In the first technic, the MB of C30B with NBR and C15A with SBR were prepared distinctly, and then, the secondary rubber was added. In the second technic, the nanocomposites were directly compounded by mixing NBR/SBR with nanoparticles. The effects of OC composition on the cure characteristics were studied, and according to the cure characteristics, both types of OC caused a reduction in the scorch time and optimum cure time of the nanocomposite compound. Morphology and rheological behavior of prepared nanocomposite were investigated using x- ray diffraction (XRD), rheometer mechanical spectroscopy (RMS) and scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM). Experimental Results demonstrated intercalation structure and better dispersion for 5 Phr montmorillonite of prepared nanocomposites by the first technic. Nanocomposites containing C30B caused better mechanical properties because of more interaction with the rubber chains. Nanocomposite which contains 10 phr of C30B by the second technic has the most dispersion, distribution and the exfoliation structure are observed.

12 illus, 3 tables, 28 ref

022008   Hovany L (NO, Univ of Novi Sad, Faculty of Civil Engineering Subotica, Kozaracka, 2a, 24000, Subotica, Republic of Serbia, Email: hovanyl@gf.uns.ac.rs) : New method for discharge hydrograph measurement of the free overflow with full-width, thin-plate weir. Curr Sci 2017, 113(1), 148-54.

The current standards recommend measuring water discharge with vented thin-plate weirs. The ventilation of full-width, thin-plate weirs during discharge hydrograph measurement still poses a problem. An experimental study regarding the design of a new type of ventilating device for hydrograph measurement was performed from 20 October through 5 December 2015 which proved that this device can be used measuring discharge at ventilated nappe according to standard recommendations. During the second part of the experiment, an opportunity was provided for measuring the discharge at non-ventilated nappe as a function of Reynolds and Weber numbers.

8 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

022007   Goyal A;Singh S;Shilpi Kumari (NO, , ) : Real-time monitoring of alternator using labview. J Control Instrumn 2017, 8(1), 30-4.

This paper mainly focuses on safety of students while performing lab experiments on machines like alternator, DC motor, Induction generator and synchronous machines etc. The problem arises in 3 phase alternator, where a student unintensionly touches the shaft part of the appratus. This may cause serious injury to student. To avoid this, some preventive mesaure should be taken. A software based pereventive - 324 - measure is suggested in later part of this paper. Another problem faced by students in perfoming lab experiment is the use of rheostate to control the speed of alternator. Students can get electric shok accidently by touching its wire. To avoid this situation, software controlled panel is used.

022006   Gijoy S;Abhilash S S;Krishnan M (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Sree Chitra Thirunal College of Engineering, Trivandrum, Kerala) : Finite element electromagnetic and mechanical analysis of micropump. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(7), 29-33.

Micropumps are used extensively in biomedical field and are finding its way to other areas. Development in micropumping technology is necessary, in a time where electronics is moving towards the nano scale and its conventional cooling is useless, and where the biomedical science is opting for less insidious surgical procedures and more precise drug delivery methods. In this paper, 3D model of a micro electromagnetic pump was created and its electromagnetic and mechanical analysis was performed. The parts of the conventional micropump were replaced with compatible MEMS materials and analysed. A 3D model of pump's diaphragm was also created using Ansys and its mechanical analysis was done with the various electromagnetic forces obtained from the electromagnetic analysis. These analysis were done with first the diaphragm material as Polyimide and then as PDMS. Comparisons were also performed with diaphragm deflection corresponding to the various micropump configurations taken.

11 illus, 1 table, 5 ref

022005   Gaikwad S P;Kondakinda S;Upadhyay H (Electronics and Telecommunication Dep, Shree Ramchandra College of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra, Email: sachinpgaikwad74@gmail.com) : Single bit low-power high-speed full adder. J VLSI Des Tool Technol 2017, 7(3), 55-60.

This paper presents a high-speed low-power full adder cells that lead to have a reduced power-delay product (PDP). A comparison against other full-adder structure as having low PDP, in terms of speed, power consumption and area of cells is carried out. This paper contains, a hybrid 1-bit full adder design employing both complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) and transmission gate logic styles. First implemented was the design for 1 bit then extended it for 32 bit also. The circuit is implemented using Tanner EDA tools in 125 nm technology. The circuit parameters such as power, delay, and layout area were compared with the technology and compared with the existing designs such as complementary pass-transistor logic, transmission gate adder, transmission function adder, hybrid pass-logic with static CMOS output drive full adder, and so on. In comparison with the existing full adder designs, the present implementations were more significant improvement in terms of power and speed.

6 illus, 1 table, 23 ref

022004   Gadling P P;Varma M B (NO, , ) : Review of ecofriendly bricks by using fly ash. J Constr Engng Technol Mgmt 2017, 7(2), 35-40.

Concrete, steel and bricks are commonly used materials in construction practice, of which, bricks are most commonly used constituent. Masonry walls are commonly used in partition thereby large numbers of brick elements are required in construction of building. In this paper, various types of manufacturing of bricks were studied. Optimum percentage of fly ash using various combinations of material in the brick like lime, cement and clay are studied and their effect on different properties of - 323 - bricks have been discussed. The parameters considered in this study are compressive strength, water absorption and durability of bricks with fly ash, and are checked with codal provisions for brick elements.

^iia

022003   Dhumal C D;Mulla M Z (Technology Dep, Shivaji Univ, Kolhapur-416 004) : A MATLAB based analysis of direct torque control of a matrix converter fed grid connected doubly fed induction generator. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(7), 149-55.

Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) is the most popular variable speed generator for wind energy application due to its superior performance, lower cost and control flexibility. The DFIG has been widely used and researched in wind generator application. Instead of back-to-back converters, matrix converter (MC) can be a good alternative for connecting the DFIG rotor to the grid. This paper presents a matrix converter based control for a variable speed constant frequency (VSCF) DFIG. Design of DFIG based wind power generation system with the help of matrix converter is analyzed by means of MATLAB/SIMULINK block set.

17 illus, 14 ref

022002   Dhokiya S;Talati J A;Punchal P (NO, , ) : Temperature control techniques for heat exchanger system. J Control Instrumn 2017, 8(1), 1-11.

Heat transfer from one process fluid to another is necessary application of the process control. Heat exchangers are most widely used in industrial application to transfer of heat. Different types and configuration according to its flow, temperature, and pressure etc. are used for different application. Oil and gas, food industries, HAVAC system, power generation heat exchanger are widely used. Control objective is to keep outlet temperature of heat exchanger at desired temperature level. To control outlet temperature of heat exchangers conventional and complex structure are used. The simulation result obtained by using MATLAB or other software are compared with conventional controller and performance comparison are outlined in this paper.

^iia

022001   Deb A;Deb T (Amity School of Engineering, Amity Univ, Sector-125, Noida) : Case study of heat rate of boiler and turbine in NSPCL Durgapur. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(8), 11-20.

A power plant is used to generate and transmit electricity. There are various kinds of power plants depending on their input. NSPCL is a thermal power plant of Durgapur Steel plant situated in West Bengal. It is a joint venture of NTPC and SAIL, with a capacity of 120MW (2 units of 60MW capacity each.) The plant supplies its entire power to the Durgapur Steel Plant. Being a thermal power plant it uses coal as a major fuel. The heat rate of a power plant is the amount required to produce 1KWHr of power. This value indicates the efficiency of the power plant. It is done by controlling the fuel, in this case coal and the GCV of coal. The higher the heat rate of the power plant the less efficient it is.

4 illus, 5 tables, 3 ref

022000   Das P P;Das K K (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Assam Engineering College, Guwahati, Assam) : Numerical investigation of fluid flow inside a rectangular driven cavity at moderate Reynolds numbers. J Aerospace Engng Technol 2017, 7(3), 46-60.

This work presents a numerical investigation of a 2-D incompressible driven cavity flow at moderate Reynolds numbers. Lid driven cavity is widely considered to be a benchmark problem because of its capability of displaying the cogency of different numerical schemes and easily analysing different fluid phenomenon in a simple geometrical arrangement. A steady numerical solution is determined using a pressure-based segregated algorithm; SIMPLE and the simulation is done in the commercially available CFD software ANSYS FLUENT (Academic Version 18.1). The flow is studied for various aspect ratios (1≤K≤4) at moderate Reynolds numbers 100, 400, 1000, 3200 and 5000 in uniform cartesian grids. The events mainly characterizing developments in primary and secondary vortices, their locations and the velocity profile are explained in detail. Moreover, an effort has been made to show the merging of corner vortices to a new primary vortex for different Reynolds number and also compute the critical aspect ratio (K_cr) value for Reynolds number 50, 100 and 400. The results obtained in this work are compared with standards given by Ghia et al. and a good agreement of the result is observed.

12 illus, 3 tables, 18 ref

021999   Chetri B S (NO, , ) : Study of PBX and its subsequent development in intercom system. J Control Instrumn 2017, 8(1), 12-16.

A private branch exchange (PBX) is a telephone exchange that serves a particular business or office. It operates as a connection between a private organization - usually a business organization and the public switched telephone network (PSTN). However, the particular development of PBX in its prototype model is both expensive and not feasible. Hence, proposed project work is limited to study of PBX and a suitable prototype model it's devised for an intercom system which form a part of a PBX system. An intercom system is an electronic intercommunication system which provides speaker communication between two or more location without the use of hand microphones. It had a dynamic range and can cope with anything from a whisper to a loud shout. The proposed circuit is fabricated successfully and is found to provide an efficient one to one communication between the speaker and the listener using wired intercom technology.

021998   Chethan Kumar N S;Somashekar K (ECE Dep, C.Byre Gowda Institute of Technology, Kolar) : Image processing techniques for automatic detection of glaucoma - a study. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(7), 112-19.

The review paper describes the application of image processing techniques for automatic detection of Glaucoma. Large percentages of people suffer from Glaucoma in rural and semi urban areas in India as well as world over. Image processing techniques greatly help to diagnosing Glaucoma. Glaucoma is dangerous eye disease causes permanent blindness when it is untreated in earlier stages. Until the disease reaches to an advanced stages it shows no symptoms hence regular eye test is very important. The automatic analysis involves using structural and texture features of retinal images. The key image processing elements to detect Glaucoma include image registration, fusion, segmentation, feature extraction, enhancement, - 321 - pattern matching, image classification, analysis and statistical measurements. In developing and under developing countries large number of people are suffering from ophthalmic diseases like Glaucoma, Age related Macular Degeneration (AMD), Diabetic Retinopathy, Diabetic hypertension. A large deficit of ophthalmologists exists in these regions. Year after year the number of medical assistants is decreasing, while demand for healthcare is increasing and expected to touch 40% by 2020. The techniques mentioned in the present review have certain advantages and disadvantages. Based on this study, one can easily determine which technique provides optimum result.

6 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

021997   Chaudhary J;Mukesh Kumar (UIET, MDU and A.P. TIT&S, Bhiwani, Haryana) : Comparing nature propelled meta-heuristic mutation testing techniques. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(8), 122-8.

Mutation Testing is a white-box, unit testing technique widely used for the software quality assurance. This technique athough powerful, but is computationally expensive and this expense has barred mutation testing from becoming a popular software testing technique. However the recent engineering advancements have provided us with a number of ways for reducing the cost of mutation testing. There are a number of factors that are making mutation testing an expensive technique, one is high computational cost involved due to execution of large number of generated mutants, second being the huge amount of human effort involved for checking the output of mutant program with original one and for manually detecting the equivalent mutants. In this paper we have tried to closely review and analyze nature propelled meta-heuristic available techniques like ABC, PSO, PeSO for reducing the cost of mutation testing so that we can come up with a feasible and efficient cost reduction technique in mutation testing.

6 illus, 17 ref

021996   Chandrasekhar K N V;Sahithi N S S;Rao T M (Civil Engineering Dep, CVR College of Engineering, Hyderabad, Telangana, Email: biml.koralla1@gmail.com) : Detailed stepwise procedure to perform isogeometric analysis of a two dimensional continuum plate structure-II. J Aerospace Engng Technol 2017, 7(3), 19-37.

Isogeometric analysis (IGA) is the future of analysis in structural mechanics where in the geometry of the structure can be precisely represented. The integration of CAD and IGA has enabled us to design the most complex geometry as well. The main focus of the paper is to present a detailed stepwise procedure to perform isogeometric analysis of continuum plate structures subjected to in-plane loading. In this paper, a simple example of a plate structure is taken and the NURBS basis functions were derived. The stiffness matrix was derived and the nodal displacements were determined. The plate structure is analyzed using MARC Mentatr, a standard finite element package, and the results show that the nodal displacements obtained are similar using both of these methods. The code is written in C++ to perform the isogeometric analysis of plate structures.

4 illus, 11 tables, 11 ref

021995   Chandramohan K;Saxena N;Navre S;Soni S (Electronics and Communication Dep, ITM Univ, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, Email: nikhil.saxena@itmgoi.in) : Carbon nanotube transistor based novel Ring oscillator with minimum power consumption at 32 nm technology node. J VLSI Des Tool Technol 2017, 7(3), 51-4.

In this article an analysis of carbon nanotube field effect transistor based ring oscillator is performed. After analysis it was found that carbon nanotube transistor consumes less power in comparison to silicon transistor. CNFET is one possible candidate to substitute silicon-based integrated circuit (IC) technology, as the performance increase of conventional transistors witnessed during the last decades will arrive at its ultimate limits in the near future. Its present progress is largely dominated by the materials science community due to many still existing materials-related obstacles for realizing practically competitive transistors. Compared to graphene, carbon nanotube provides better properties for building field-effect transistors, and thus, has higher chances for eventually becoming a production technology. So, in this work it is used carbon nanotube field effect transistor in place of silicon based transistor for making a ring oscillator.

5 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

021994   Burdak M;Gupta A K;Sankhla S S;Singhal D K (Structural Engineering Dep, MBM Engineering College, JNV Univ, Jodhpur) : Reliability study of RCC elements of sugar mill. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(8), 145-50.

Preliminary assessment can be executed using Rapid Visual Screening i.e. by visual observation notes with standard format sheets having dimensions, physical changes visually seen, photo and basic input to decide for in depth survey using appropriate NDT scheme. Basic environmental features which can affect health of structure should be recorded in addition to other inputs e.g. repair history, reasons for distressed condition if known by interaction with local people. New technologies option in rehabilitation is based on the assessment of the respective structure. Nondestructive testing was performed to evaluate the integrity of damaged concrete structures. Rebound hammer can be used to find hardness of the concrete structure surface, and its strength is related using inbuilt calibration curve in the instrument. The range of properties that can be assessed using non-destructive tests and partially destructive tests is quite large and includes such fundamental parameters as density, elastic modulus and strength as well as surface hardness and surface absorption, and reinforcement location, size and distance from the surface. In some cases it is also possible to check the quality of workmanship and structural integrity by the ability to detect voids, cracking and delamination. For new structures, the principal applications are likely to be for quality control or the resolution of doubts about the quality of materials or construction. The testing of existing structures is usually related to an assessment of structural integrity or adequacy.

2 tables, 19 ref

021993   Boum A T;Talla S A (NO, , ) : High gain observer and moving horizon estimation for parameters estimation and fault detection of an induction machine: A comparative study. J Control Instrumn 2017, 8(2), 15-26.

The synthesis of a high gain observer (HGO) and moving horizon estimation (MHE) for the on-line estimation of the rotor fluxes, the rotor speed of the induction motor from the current and voltage measurements is presented. This paper presents two approaches for estimating the parameters of an induction machine during normal and faulty functionning. These approaches are based on the HGO and MHE. Simulation results show that we can identify anomalies that can occur at any moment in the full functionning such as load disturbance, - 319 - power line default and rotor bar fault. In addition, the estimation results, which are validated using simulations, show that MHE provides improved estimation performance over HGO, thus, the use these estimation techniques employed for monitoring aims, detecting machine faults and highly improving the manufacture efficiency. However, the machine performance can be ameliorated in control systems by taking into account distrbances which are estimated.

021992   Borse J;Kulkarni N;Arbind Kumar;Dhole J (Electrical Dep, PES Modern College of Engineering, Pune) : 3D modeling of double sided linear synchronous motor for EMALS. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(8), 7-10.

Electromagnetic aircraft Launch System is integrated system used for launching naval aircraft. To accelerate the aircraft to launch speed; EMALS uses linear motor. At this state, Double sided linear synchronous motor (DSLSM) looks to be a far better as well as an improved alternative owing to higher potency and better power issue, which might plainly scale back the capability of power offer and facilitate the ability electrical converter design. DSLSM is made with long stator coil and short moving permanent magnet rotor. Owing to the specific generation and storage capability supply voltage is restricted to certain limit. This paper describes the basic design of DSLSM using finite Element Method (FEM).

4 illus, 4 tables, 8 ref

021991   Bhatti M V;Londhe R S (NO, , ) : Effect of construction load on RC floor slab. J Constr Engng Technol Mgmt 2017, 7(2), 41-9.

In reinforced concrete building structures, floors are added from bottom to top sequentially. The load due to construction of new floor is transferred to the lower floor slab through shoring. Different construction practices are adopted at work sites for the transfer of this load. The effect of construction practices was reviewed. The threshold value for bending moment under construction load is marked to provide the caution against the possible failure of lower floor slab.

021990   Bhatt U R;Chouhan N;Upadhyay R;Agrawal C (NO, , ) : Deployment of Fi-Wi networks using teaching learning based optimization algorithm. J Commun Engng Syst 2017, 7(2), 14-26.

The demand of bandwidth and mobility to end users is ever increasing. For fulfilling this, fiber-wireless (Fi-Wi) networks are designed by integrating the advantages of optical and wireless networks. Optical networks offer high bandwidth and stability while wireless networks offer cost efficiency and mobility. With these advantages, Fi-Wi networks also offer some - 318 - challenging issues. There are four key issues in Fi-Wi networks, that are ONU placement, routing, energy saving and survivability. Amongst them, ONU placement is one of the important issues, since ONU is interlink between the fiber technology and wireless technology. ONU transfers the upstream data from wireless to optical line terminal (OLT) and the downstream data from OLT to wireless routers. Lesser the number of ONUs in the network, more is the cost efficiency in that network. For the placement of ONUs, various optimization algorithms are designed and applied. In this paper, an efficient algorithm based on 'Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO)' is proposed for optimized placement of ONUs in Fi-Wi networks. The effectiveness of the method as compared to the other optimization methods is also explained. The proposed method is algorithm-specific parameter less method. Hence, different design variables do not affect the working of this method. It also results into reduced number of ONUs in Fi-Wi network.

021989   Bansal R C;Bharadwaj A K (Electrical Engineering Dep, Mewar Univ, Rajasthan) : Exploring control design of a PV-wind hybrid on-grid system without ESD. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(7), 163-8.

There is general practice to support and compensate intermittent behavior of Solar photovoltaic (PV) system with energy storage devices (ESD) and the one generally adopted is battery energy storage (BES) simply because of lower cost as compared to fuel cells or a bank of super capacitors. However, cost of battery maintenance, inherent shorter life, even if state of charge (SOC) is regulated; involving comparatively huge capital investment is a big issue. In this paper, a stabilized hybrid photovoltaic-wind grid connected system without battery storage or ESD is developed with effective and co-ordinate control of current injection into grid with maximized harvest of PV energy using MPPT control and wind energy transfer control automatically. The control philosophy of energy transfer to PCC is an algebraic sum of energy using MPPT of PV system in relation to inverter stage while that of wind system is through wind converter. The stability mechanism of battery or ESD supported system, is getting replaced by a mechanism of current injection to grid by sharing both components of hybrid renewable sources. This is simulated in MATLAB/ Simulink to validate the effectiveness of proposed system.

10 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

021988   Bala A;Pawar P S;Misra A K;Rawat K S (Civil Engineering Dep, K. R. Mangalam Univ, Gurgaon-122 001, Email: anjukathuria@yahoo.com) : Estimation and validation of actual evapotranspiration for wheat crop using SEBAL model over Hisar district, Haryana, India. Curr Sci 2017, 113(1), 134-41.

Evapotranspiration (ET) is one of the complex, but essential components of the hydrologic cycle. Advances in remote sensing (RS) and geographical information systems (GIS) have enabled us to estimate ET spatially. In the present study, both, RS and GIS tools have been utilized to estimate the actual crop ET by surface energy balance algorithm for land (SEBAL) model using high spatial resolution satellite image Landsat7 ETM+ for Hisar district, Haryana in north India. Previously calibrated and validated SEBAL model with lysimeter data within the same agroclimatic zone were used in the study. Derived actual ET from lysimeter data validated SEBAL method was again validated using Penman-Montieth (PM) method for the study area located in the same agro-climatic zone. Based on the primary and secondary data analysis, it can be inferred that SEBAL ET is the best spatial ET estimation model for Hisar district or regions having similar agro-climatic conditions. Validation of SEBAL ET with ground-observed lysimeter data showed high coefficient of correlation (R² = 0.91). Validation using the PM method also showed high coefficient of correlation (R² = 0.835). Other statistical parameters (RMSE = 0.583, NRMSE = 0.236) also showed good agreement between actual SEBAL ET_c and PM ET_c (crop evapotranspiration). It was also found that any prior knowledge about the crops, their types and cropping seasons is not required for the estimation of actual ET by SEBAL model.

7 illus, 6 tables, 16 ref

021987   Ashwin K R N;Arun M;Sasikumar S;Krishnaraj T; Mithuna R;Gobinath R;Akinwumi I I (Undergraduate Student, Jay Shriram Group of Institutions, Tirupur, Tamilnadu, Email: mithunaramesh15@gmail.com) : Freeze-thaw resistance of an alluvial soil stabilized with ecosand and asbestos-free fiber powder. Int J Geomatics Geosci 2017, 7(4), 352-7.

Stabilization of poor soils subjected to large daily temperature variations requires careful selection of suitable stabilizer for improvement of such soils. This study investigated the freeze-thaw resistance of an alluvial soil stabilized with EcoSand and asbestos-free fiber powder (AFP). Physical and mechanical properties of the soil were determined. The soil sample was stabilized with 5 variants of equal mixtures of the EcoSand and AFP in proportions of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10%, with 1% sodium silicate and 1% fly ash, by weight of the soil. UCS tests were conducted before and after three freeze-thaw cycles, while keeping the sample at 0°C for 8 hours and later at 30°C for 8 hours for each cycle. It was found that the 8% EcoSand + AFP with 1% sodium silicate and 1% fly ash content provided an optimized increase of the freeze-thaw resistance of the soil. The use of a mixture of EcoSand and AFP as a soil stabilizer for regions of the world experiencing large temperature variation has the potential to improve the resistance of sand to freezing and thawing.

4 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

021986   Ansingkar V S;Raut V G (NO, , ) : Automated pick and place mechanism in industry using robotic arm. J Control Instrumn 2017, 8(2), 9-14.

Many industries in India were found to be using manual methods for material transfer and pick and place of products. This reduces the productivity and causes unnecessary time consumption. This project is for automating the action of pick and place of material. Before an object is dispatched to the market or another company, there is a lot of movement of the object which is under manufacturing. All the hardwiring involved in machines has now been reduced due to PLC (Programmable logic controller). Greatest advantage of PLC is that logic of the machine can be altered without doing many changes on the electrical side. HMI (Human Machine Interface) is used in the system to start the operation or stop it. There are sensors to sense object. The object sensed will be indicated to PLC. Program in PLC will pick the object from the conveyor belt and bring it to predefined location using robotic arm.

021985   Amrin N S;Verma V K (NO, , ) : Automated control of conveyor belt in industries using DTMF and internet operation. J Control Instrumn 2017, 8(1), 39-44.

Transportation of raw materials or any goods in industries is the need of the hour. As the technologies are invented and developed, a revolution has been observed in the industries in terms of the production and packaging. The conveyor belt system is reliable, robust and provides satisfactory results to the manufacturer. This system with such a huge and important advantage has a requirement that it needs to be supervised time to time. Automatic machines are programmed and perform specific task only. It is hard for such a machine to take logical decisions. Hence, an observation system is needed to supervise the production plant, time to time, for - 316 - minimizing the losses. To attain the concept of automation, a surveillance system is proposed in this literature. In the proposed system, there is a camera to monitor conveyor system, which sends information to the supervisor on mobile phone and hence there is no longer the need of the supervisor to continuously stay and monitor the conveyor system. For this, DTMF (Dual Tone Multi-Frequency) device has been utilized to control the operation and the whole process is controlled using microcontroller.

021984   Amaranath T;Subrahmanian R R (NO, B M S College of Architecture, BMSCE Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka) : Reciprocal relation between urban open spaces and urban community. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(8), 56-62.

Urban environment and its quality are majorly determined by the types and quantity of effective, inclusive and accessible urban open spaces available for its inhabitants. Character of urban open space, offers numerous opportunities as well as benefits while conditioning everyday discourse, public life and civic culture. Rapid and unregulated urbanization is leading to the consumption of public open spaces. Appropriate, relaxing and enjoyable open spaces are required for physical and emotional well-being of inhabitants of an urban area. The paper attempts to draw the focus on the significance and relevance of different types of open spaces affecting urban dwellers' lives. Further, paper deliberates on the development and improvement strategies and design solutions with reference to two case studies.

23 illus, 9 ref

021983   Alam M S;Suhaib M;Mohd A (Mechanical Engineering Dep, J. M. I., New Delhi-25) : Squared shortest path distance [SSPD] matrix approach to identify isomorphic and non-isomorphic kinematic chains. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(7), 8-12.

Isomorphism identification of kinematic chain is one challenging problem in the field of mechanism. This paper attempts to solve the problem of isomorphism among kinematic chains with the help of squared shortest path distance [SSPD] matrix. In this method the given KC's are represented in the form of squared shortest path distance matrix [SSPD]. The sum of all elements of [SSPD] matrix is considered as an invariant of a kinematic chain which may used to detect isomorphism. With the help of these invariant/identification code the isomorphism among the kinematic chains are identified. No counterexample has been found. The proposed method is efficient and accurate and only one [SSPD] matrix for a given kinematic chain is sufficient to identify isomorphism. This method is examined for one degree of freedom (1-DOF), 6, 8, 10 links planar kinematic chains and 9 links 2-DOF planar kinematic chains.

2 illus, 20 ref

021982   Ahuja A;Narayan S;Jagdish Kumar (NO, , ) : Two degrees of freedom observer controller for load frequency control with communication delay. J Control Instrumn 2017, 8(2), 35-44.

Two degrees of freedom (2-DOF) Smith predictor based observer controller is designed for load frequency control of two area systems with communication delay. The conventional proportional integral (PI) controller is used for command tracking and an independent observer based feedback controller is designed for disturbance of change in load demand. In - 315 - interconnected power system, the presence of communication delay complicates the design and implementation of the controller. The original delayed system with unified Smith predictor (USP) is converted to an augmented plant which is used to design the robust controller. A stable dynamic performance is achieved with the designed controller.

021219   Zin A A M;Moradi M;Khairuddin A (Electrical Power Engineering Dep, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor, Malaysia) : Short-term congestion management by strategic application of FACTS devices and demand response programs under contingency conditions. IETE J Res 2017, 63(1), 109-23.

This paper explores the use of combination of flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices, demand response (DR) programs, and generation redispatch (GR) in short-term congestion management as well as minimization of operation costs under contingency conditions in power systems. To achieve this, a - 368 - multi-stage market clearing procedure is formulated. At the first stage, the market is cleared based on generation cost minimization, without considering network constraints. Market clearing formulation for the second stage is developed considering congestion and generation costs, in which FACTS device (Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor) and DR programs (Direct Load Control besides Time-Of-Use) are optimally coordinated with GR in the presence of network constrains, to manage the congestion at minimum costs. In addition, to make conditions more realistic, the operational conditions spanning for a year (four seasons, day by day) are considered in this study. Finally, the paper prioritizes utilizing these approaches for different contingencies. The proposed formulation is verified on IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 30-bus test systems with supporting numerical and graphical results. Results show that applying GR with DR programs is the prioritized strategy in relieving congestion and reducing generation costs in the outage of the most sensitive lines contingency.

6 illus, 16 tables, 32 ref

021218   Wilfet J J;Sathyanathan R;Aarthy A; Vinuprakash K C (Civil Engineering Dep, SRM Univ, Kattankulathur-603 203, Email: jovi.wilfet@gmail.com) : Impact of meteorological factors on PM_2.5 in Chennai. Rasayan J Chem 2017, 10(4), 1296-301.

Air pollution is a fast developing environmental issue of public worries in every place. It will affect the human health and local or regional weather condition. During the last decades, the special attention for the fine particles up to 2.5μm (PM_2.5) is being given. Particulate matter (2.5μm) is defined as very fine particulate pollutants which affect the human health system. In the present study, atmospheric particulate matter PM_2.5 data were collected for the period between July 2016 and March 2017 at Alandur, a fast-growing place in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. The pollution data was collected by a high volume sampler. The PM_2.5 data from the sampler was correlated with meteorological factors like temperature, wind speed and humidity to find the interrelationship between the parameters. These results will give knowledge about which meteorological factors are modifying the PM_2.5 concentrations in Alandur.

7 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

021217   Wang Y;Xing J P;Guo H;Wang L J (NO, Shanghai Fire Research Institute of Ministry of Public Security, Shanghai, China) : Key technologies of tunnel firefighting robots. IETE Tech Rev 2017, 34(1), 3-10.

For fire rescue difficulties in tunnels, and some other types of buildings, a review of key technologies and research into tunnel firefighting robots is given in this paper. Specifically, the key technical issues such as: the mechanical design; drive system design; control systems; and the anti-jamming system of tunnel firefighting robots are discussed. Also, the future development of the tunnel firefighting robots is discussed.

2 illus, 6 tables, 25 ref

021216   Vittal M V R;Naidu K R (NO, G. Pulla Reddy Engineering College, Kurnool-518 007) : Modified alternative-signal technique for sequential optimisation for PAPR reduction in OFDM-OQAM systems. Def Sci J 2017, 67(3), 298-307.

A modified alternative signal technique for reducing peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems employing offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OFDM-OQAM) is proposed. Lower PAPR reduces the complexity of digital to analog converters and results in increasing the efficiency of power amplifiers. The main objective of - 367 - the algorithm is to decrease PAPR with low complexity. The alternative signal method involves the individual alternative signal (AS-I) and combined alternative signal (AS-C) algorithms. Both the algorithms decrease the peak to average power ratio of OFDM-OQAM signals and AS-C algorithm performs better in decreasing PAPR. However the complexity of AS-C algorithm is very high compared to that of AS-I. To achieve reduction in PAPR with low complexity, modified alternative signal technique with sequential optimisation (MAS-S) is proposed. The quantitative PAPR analysis and complexity analysis of the proposed algorithm are carried out. It is demonstrated that MAS-S algorithm simultaneously achieves PAPR reduction and low complexity.

10 illus, 13 ref

021215   Vincent Sam Jebaduria S;Arunraj E;Daniel C; Joel Shelton J;Subukumar G;Judith Emiliah Christy S S;Sarala L; Hemalatha G (Civil Engineering Dep, Karunya Univ, Coimbatore-641 114, Email: vincent@karunya.edu) : Feasibility test of calcium lignosulphonate on clay. Rasayan J Chem 2017, 10(4), 1481-91.

The building at a faster pace is the challenge for modern civil engineering construction. Precast construction has come handy to address this issue. However, the problem faced in precast construction in the CO2 emission that has a big impact in the environments. Hence to address this issue in this project a material has been proposed based on locally available material and calcium lignosulphonate. This material if successfully developed would serve as the source of future construction technology, ie, 3 D printing. From the literature, it was found the calcium lignosulphonate increases the setting time of the material. This material decreases the content of water in concrete and it also increases the strength since porosity is reduced. Basic tests in clay like plastic limit, liquid limit, and specific gravity were conducted. Calcium lignosulphonate was added to clay and compared with the result of the clay and positive result was obtained. Hence, UCC Test was conducted. UCC Test is used to find out the stress and strain strength of the clay. Clay was made into the mold by added 0%, 5%, and 10% of calcium lignosulphonate. The UCC test reading was taken for a different period of 0, 1, 3 days the different stress and strain value was observed in the form of the graph. By adding calcium lignosulfonate, it was observed that shear failure was not obtained and bulging effect was found.

5 illus, 12 tables, 16 ref

021214   Vijee Kumar;Kempaiah U N;Boppana S B;Auradi V (NO, , ) : Fabrication techniques of carbon nanotube reinforced aluminium metal matrix composites. J Nanosci Nanoengng Applic 2017, 7(2), 1-6.

The recent trend towards the use of composites is increasing in the ongoing research and islikely to continue rapidly in the future. Nowadays, aluminium (Al) and aluminium alloy basedcomposites are gaining importance in the upcoming fields of engineering. Metal matrixcomposites (MMC`s) with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforcements give superior mechanicaland physical properties. Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites (AMMC`s), sought over otherconventional materials in the field of automobile, aerospace, defense, sports, electronics, biomedicaland other industrial applications, have been becoming essential since the last fewyears. In the present paper an attempt has been made to review the CNT reinforced AMMC'sfabrication processes through stir casting, compocasting and ultrasonic assisted techniquesand discusses the dispersion of CNTs in the matrix. An insight in to mechanical properties ofAl-CNTs Metal Matrix Composites is also reported.

^iia

021213   Vijay H (Civil Engineering Dep, NMAMIT, Nitte, Udupi District-574 110) : Reusing treated effluents for making concrete. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(1), 21-9.

The scarcity of water is fast becoming a critical environmental issue worldwide. Any effort targeted at conservation of this limited resources, preventing environmental degradation and thereby reducing water shortage, is worthwhile. This research therefore focused on the reuse of treated wastewater effluent in place of potable water in plain concrete production. The effects of the physico-chemical characteristics of this non-fresh water on the concrete strength were studied over time. Water samples were obtained from four sources which include: NMAM IT Nitte Campus potable water, Treated domestic sewage water, Service station water (Garage) and Dairy water. The samples were all analyzed for pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), chloride, hardness, alkalinity, and sulfates. Grade M20 concrete was adopted in the study. Physical tests conducted on the aggregates for the concrete mix include specific gravity, water absorption and sieve analysis. Plain cement concrete mixtures were prepared using Ordinary Portland Cement, graded aggregates and 100% substitution of treated wastewater for the mix. In all 12 concrete cubes were cast and cured for 3, 7 and 28 days. The mix ratios and compressive strengths of the cubes were determined using the Standard laboratory method of IS: 10262- 2009. As compared with the USEPA and EU Standards, the general water pollution order observed was: Fresh water <60> Treatment Plant Effluent < Dairy water < Auto-Service effluent. The compressive strength result obtained from treated effluent showed an increase in 8.26% for 28 days compared to fresh water. For garage water an increase in 5.14% was observed compared to freshwater. In general, there was no strength reversal with longer curing periods. However, for most concrete mixtures the strength tends to level off after one months of curing. Most production water mixtures resulted in higher strength measurements than those prepared using potable water. It was concluded that the physico-chemical parameters measured in the treated wastewater effluents had positively influence on the compressive strength of the plain concrete. From this study, it is believed that the recommended reuse of wastewater in plain concrete works will indirectly conserve the scarce water resources of the study area, as the regular sources would be concentrated on supply of drinking and other potable water usage.

17 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

021212   Vahora A;Goradiya B;Parikh D;Shah A (Electronics & Communication Dep, BVM Engineering College, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat) : Designing a model for traffic rule violation at railway track using raspberry PI in indian context. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(6), 122-5.

In past few years, traffic accidents and violation of traffic rules have increased at great extant. Even in our daily life we come across many problems caused due to traffic rule violation by someone. Also when we check news and reports, we realize that accidents are one of the major problems in our country. These problem cause disturbance to entire system and also consumes our valuable time. - 365 - Sometimes at railway crossing when train is at some distance railway crossing is closed and people are forced to stay at the both side of road, but some people violate the rule and try to go to other side of road by under passing railway crossing. It may results into harmful consequences of that. To prevent such incidence, in this paper we propose an idea of detecting such individual and their vehicle (particularly two wheeler) through smart electronic system. The system comprises of sensors, cameras and Raspberry Pi. When crossing is closed and someone tries to go underpass it sensors will be activated and cameras will capture the photo of that riders number plate and then after recognizing his number by OCR, we will send the number to appropriate department by text message using GSM module attached to processor of system.

11 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

021211   Vaghosi K S;Kavad B V (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Government Engineering College, Rajkot, Gujarat) : Modeling ultrasonic machining process using fuzzy inference system. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(6), 203-6.

This paper deals with the modelling the ultrasonic machining process by using the rules of fuzzy inference system. Experiments have been conducted at different levels of amplitude and pressure and output in terms of material removal rate was measured. In the fuzzy inference system the parameters such as the weight are determined to minimize the difference between the prescribed value and the output of the system. However, the output of the system also depends on the shape of the membership function. The results of the predictive model are in the close agreement with the experimental values.

6 illus, 8 ref

021210   Tsai A C;Bharanitharan K (Digital Multimedia Design Dep, Tajen Univ, Pingtong, Taiwan) : Multi-directional mode reduction algorithm for intra prediction in video coding. IETE Tech Rev 2017, 34(1), 102-9.

The recent digital video-coding standard achieves very high data compression by using several new coding features, such as intra/inter predictions, variable block size motion compensation, multiple motion vectors, quarter pixel for motion compensation and so on. Among all the features, one of the key features is intra prediction, which is based on the rate-distortion optimization (RDO) procedure that requires a true encoding of the intra block by trying all intra prediction modes. In this paper, we propose a multi-directional mode reduction (MDMR) algorithm using the prediction error to reduce the number of coding modes required for the RDO procedure. The proposed MDMR algorithm effectively estimates the prediction error of the block to narrow down the predictive modes to reduce RDO computation. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves a time reduction of more than 64% with negligible PSNR loss and bitrate increment.

11 illus, 6 tables, 27 ref

021209   Trikande M W;Jagirdar V V;Rajamohan V;Rao P R S (NO, Vehicles Research and Development Establishment, Ahmednagar-414 006, Email: vasudevan.r@vit.ac.in) : Investigation on semi-active suspension system for multi-axle armoured vehicle using co-simulation. Def Sci J 2017, 67(3), 269-75.

The objective of the study is to evaluate the performance of various semi-active suspension control strategies for 8x8 multi-axle armoured vehicles in terms of comparative analysis of ride quality and mobility parameters during negotiation of typical military obstacles. Since the cost, complexity and time precludes realisation of actual system, co-simulation technique has been effectively implemented for this investigation. Co-simulation combines advanced virtual prototyping and control technology which offers a novel approach to investigate the dynamics of such complex system. The simulations for the integrated control system along with multi body model of the vehicle are carried out for the control strategies, viz. continuous sky hook control, cascade loop control and cascade loop with ride control and compared with passive suspension system. The vehicle with 8x8 configuration is run on the - 364 - real world obstacle profiles, viz. step, trench, trapezoidal bump and corrugated road and the effect of control strategies on ride comfort, wheel displacement and ground reaction is presented. It is observed that cascade loop with ride control in semi-active mode offers better vehicle ride comfort while crossing the said obstacles. The improved performance parameters are achieved through stabilisation of heave, pitch and roll motions of the vehicle through outer loop and isolation of vehicle level uneven disturbances through the fuzzy logic controller employed in inner loop.

11 illus, 16 ref

021208   Thankam N S;Rekha V;Shankar U (Civil Engineering Dep, VIT Univ, Vellore-632 014, Email: mumashankar@vit.ac.in ) : Use of lateritic soil amended with bentonite as landfill liner. Rasayan J Chem 2017, 10(4), 1431-8.

The main objective of this study is to find the usefulness of laterite soil amended with bentonite as liners in landfills. The minimum requirement of a liner for landfill is it should have a hydraulic conductivity less than 10^-7 cm/sec. Various proportions of lateritic soil blended with bentonite have been tested to suggest a suitable liner. This paper presents experimental results obtained on hydraulic conductivity of lateritic soil blended with bentonite. Bentonite content in the blend is varied as 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% to the dry weight of lateritic soil. The solute concentration used are Deionised water, 5 mM of K₂Cr₂O₇ 0.5 M of CaCl₂ and 0.5 M of NaCl. Hydraulic conductivity value decreased from 7.18 x 10^-7 cm/s to 1.894 x 10^-8 cm/s when permeated with deionized water (DIW) when bentonite content was varied from 0 to 30%. When 5mM of K₂Cr₂O₇ is used as a solute k value decreases with increase in bentonite content as the precipitate formed clogs the pores in the sample. Similar results were obtained with 0.5M CaCl₂ and 0.5 M of NaCl. Of all the blend 80%-20% laterite-bentonite blend is found as the best material to be used as liner in a landfill.

12 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref

021207   Thangasamy V;Kamsani N A;Hamidon M N;Hashim S J;Yusoff Z;Bukhori M F (Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang Malaysia) : Digital-controlled multimode multiband power amplifier with multiple gated transistor. IETE Tech Rev 2017, 34(1), 48-57.

Multimode multiband (MMMB) connectivity has become a de facto requirement for smartphones in order to accommodate the various different frequencies, bandwidths, output power, and modulation schemes. In this work, a two-stage single-chip MMMB power amplifier (PA) with multiple gated transistor technique has been designed to obtain dual-mode output power options, with its input matching and intermediate matching networks made tunable to enable switching of - 363 - the PA output between low-band and high-band frequencies. In the low-band region, the PA offers 195 MHz of operating bandwidth starting from the frequency of 770 up to 965 MHz, covering the long term evolution (LTE) bands 5 and 8, with output saturated power of 27.3 dBm and peak power added efficiency (PAE) of 47.4%. In the high-band region, the PA has 900 MHz bandwidth starting from the frequency of 1.3 up to 2.2 GHz, covering the LTE bands 1, 2, and 3, with output saturated power of 27.9 dBm and peak PAE of 45.3%. The achieved ACPRs are -40 and -42 dBc in the low-band and high-band, respectively, which are well within the LTE linearity specifications. By using a low-cost CMOS process, the proposed MMMB PA has potential applications in the system-on-chip (SoC) integration of wireless transceiver.

10 illus, 5 tables, 19 ref

021206   Thakur A S;Sharma M (NO, , ) : Thermal conductivity models effect on the nanofluids heat transfer capability. J Nanosci Nanoengng Applic 2017, 7(2), 35-40.

Nanofluids are the suspension of solid particles in the fluid. Nanofluid possesses high thermal conductivity and higher surface area to volume ratio which helps in increasing the heat transfer. Thermal properties of nanofluids like, effective density, effective specific heat and effective thermal conductivity are the properties behind the increased heat transfer. Present work focuses on the effect of solid nano-particle concentration and thermal conductivity models on the thermal properties of nanofluids or their heat transfer capability. Al2O3, B4C, Cu, SiC and TiO2 as solid-nano particles while water as base-fluid is considered. Different models considered are mixture rule, "Maxwell model" and Yo and Choi model". For calculating effective properties, density, specific heat and thermal expansion coefficient, physical mixture rule is considered.