019567   Kumar P;Madaan R;Sidhu S (NO, IKG Punjab Technical Univ, Kapurthala-144 601, Email: pawanptukumar@gmail.com) : Antianxiety activity of fractions and isolated compounds of Verbena officinalis aerial parts. Int J pharm Sci Drug Res 2017, 9(2), 79-82.

Verbena officinalis L. (Vervain; family-Verbenaceae) has long been used in the treatment of mental disorders, but not validated systemically for traditional claims. The ethyl acetate fraction (rich in flavonoids) of V. officinalis aerial parts was subjected to bioactivity-guided fractionation to isolate main chemical constituents responsible for antianxiety activity. The column chromatography of ethyl acetate fraction yielded five fractions F₁-F₅, which were screened for antianxiety activity employing elevated plus maze model. F₂ produced significant antianxiety activity at the dose of 16 mg/kg, p.o., upon - 94 - acute administration in mice. F₂ was also subjected to column chromatography, and yielded four sub fractions (F_2.1 - F_2.4). Upon acute oral administration of sub fractions, antianxiety activity was evaluated. Only F_2.3 exhibited significant antianxiety activity, which was statistically equivalent to the standard drug (Diazepam, 2 mg/kg, p.o.). Three compounds (VO-1, VO-2 and VO-3) were isolated during the process of fractionation of bioactive fraction and sub fraction. After antianxiety evaluation of compounds, it was observed that VO-2 and VO-3 exhibit antianxiety activity.

3 tables, 20 ref

019566   Kim J W;Kim T B;Kim H W;Park S W;Kim H P;Sung S H (Pharmacy Dep, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science,, Seoul, Republic of Korea) : Hepatoprotective flavonoids in Opuntia ficus-indica fruits by reducing oxidative stress in primary rat hepatocytes. Pharmacog Mag 2017, 13(51), 472-6.

Liver disorder was associated with alcohol consumption caused by hepatic cellular damages. Opuntia ficus-indica fruit extracts (OFIEs), which contain betalain pigments and polyphenols including flavonoids, have been introduced as reducing hangover symptoms and liver protective activity. Objectives was to evaluate hepatoprotective activity of OFIEs and isolated compounds by high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC). The extract of O. ficus-indica fruits was fractionated into methylene chloride and n-butanol. The n-butanol fraction was isolated by HSCCC separation (methylene chloride-methanol-n-butanol-water, 5:4:3:5, v/v/v/v). The hepatoprotective activity of OFIEs and isolated compounds was evaluated on rat primary hepatocytes against ethanol-induced toxicity. Antioxidative parameters such as glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzymes and the GSH content were measured. Two flavonoids, quercetin 3-O-methyl ester (1) and (+)-taxifolin, and two flavonoid glycosides, isorhamnetin 3-O-β-d-glucoside (3) and narcissin (4), were isolated from the n-butanol fraction by HSCCC separation. Among them, compound 2 significantly protected rat primary hepatocytes against ethanol exposure by preserving antioxidative properties of GR and GSH-P_x. OFIEs and (+)-taxifolin were suggested to reduce hepatic damage by alcoholic oxidative stress.

4 illus, 2 tables, 25 ref

019565   Khatun R (pharmacy Dep, Asia Pacific Univ, Bangladesh, Email: rahima676bph@gmail.com) : Development and validation of RP-HPLC method for the estimation of rupatadine in bulk and tablet dosage form. J pharma Sci Tech 2016, 5(2), 113-6.

A simple, precise, sensitive, and rapid reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of Rupatadine in bulk and tablet dosage form with greater precision and accuracy has been developed and validated. The chromatographic separation was achieved by using Hypersil ODS, 150 x 4.6 mm, 5μm analytical column with a mobile phase consisting of 0.02 M phosphate buffer (pH 3.0, pH was adjustedwith orthophosphoric acid ), HPLC grade methanol and acetonitrile at the - 93 - ratio of (45:30:25% v/v). The chromatographic condition was set at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min, column oven temperature at 25°C and detector wavelength of 242 nm using a photodiode array detector. Total run time was 13 min and retention time of Rupatadine was 7.94 min. The standard curves were linear over a concentration range of 20- 70 μl with an r2value of 1.0. Theoretical plate for rupatadine was 7468 and tailing factor was 1.21. The proposed method was validated according to ICH guidelines for the parameters like linearity, accuracy, solution stability, system precision, specificity, robustness and it can be routinely used for routine quality control analysis of Rupatadine from Tablet dosage form.

4 illus, 7 tables, 8 ref

019564   Kharwanniang J;Debnath B;Das N (NO, Regional Institute of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Abhoynagar, Agartala-799 005, Email: aandeehere@yahoo.co.in) : Preparation and characterization of sodium alginate and gellan gum hydrogel beads for bio-sensing application. J pharma Sci Tech 2016, 5(2), 117-9.

During pregnancy baby remains protected in mother's womb in a fluid called Amniotic fluid. But many a time unfortunately the amniotic sac ruptures leading to secretion of this fluid and exposing the baby under adverse conditions & even death. As a preventive measure to protect the mother and baby, it is important to identify the liquid secreted from vagina at the earliest. It has seen that the pH of normal vaginal secretion is 3.8-4.5, but the amniotic fluid secreted is having a pH varies from 7.2 to 7.5. Hence our work is focused to develop gellan gum hydrogel to detect such type of fluid. Bromothymol Blue, a chromomeric dye that exhibit color change at different pH environment is entrapped in gellan gum hydrogel matrix using calcium chloride (0.5M) as a cross-linking agent. Preliminary results show that 1% gellan gum containing BTB (0.1%) can produce hydrogel that may serve the purpose. The hydrogel beads efficiently changes color when exposed to a pH range of 1 to 8. The hydrogel beads produce yellow color at pH 4 and blue color at pH 8 within very short time (within seconds). The beads re-usability is documented by switching over to different pH values instantly. Thus conclusion may be made that gellan gum hydrogel is smart enough to act as a bio-sensor.

4 illus, 3 tables, 3 ref

019563   Khan N;Shah A H;Khan E A;Sadiq M;Khan S; Baloch N (Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal Univ, Dera Ismail Khan-29050, Khyber Pakhtoonkhah, Pakistan, Email: phnaqab87@gmail.com) : Phytochemical analysis and biological activities of stem bark extract of Jatropha curcas Linn.. Int J Pharmac 2017, 4(5), 155-68.

The study was designed to explore the antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant potential of Jatropha curcas Linn. (J. curcas) tem bark extract. The chemotherapeutic action was measured in the crude extract using agar well diffusion method. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of different extracts were tested against two gram positive and nine gram negative human pathogenic bacteria using agar well diffusion method. Area of reticence of crude extracts were matched with that of various antibiotics like ampicillin, streptomycin for antibacterial property and fluconazole for antifungal activity. The antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of different extracts of the Jatropha curcas were also investigated against 2,2 Diphenyl -1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2, Azion-bis- (3- ethylbenzothia-zoline-96- sulphonic acid) (ABTS), superoxide anion (O^-2) and nitric oxide (NO) using spectroscopic absorption methods. The data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA, arranged in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in factorial arrangement having four replications. The average inhibition zone for methanol extract (25.31mm) was establish to be extra valuable than the average inhibition zone of ethanol extract (19.72 mm).The average least inhibitory quantity for the methanol and - 92 - ethanolic extracts were 4.31 and 5.09 mgml^-1 respectively. The average minimum bactericidal concentration for the methanol and ethanol extracts were 8.27 and 9.81 mgml^-1 respectively. The average inhibition zone for methanol extract (16.60 mm) was observed to be most active followed by the average inhibition zone of ethanol extract (15.15 mm). Among the tested free radical activities, the maximum percent DPPH scavenging action was shown by the methanolic extract of J. curcas stem bark extract (90.5%). Quantitative estimation of secondary metabolites showed that tannins were most abundant (24.1 ± 0.1) followed by steroids (19.7 ± 0.1). It is concluded that the significant inhibition of the bacterial growth was observed against the tested pathogens. The phytochemical analysis of the plant showed the presence of phenolic compounds, which may have contributed to the antioxidant activity of J. curcas stem bark extract. Therefore, such plants can be used for isolation of biologically active natural products that may lead to the improvement of new pharmacological research accomplishment.

4 illus, 6 tables, 58 ref

019562   Kartini;Piyaviriyakul S;Thongpraditchote S; Siripong P;Vallisuta O (Pharmaceutical Biology Dep, Faculty of Pharmacy, Surabaya Univ, Surabaya 60293, Indonesia) : Effects of Plantago major extracts and its chemical compounds on proliferation of cancer cells and cytokines production of lipopolysaccharide-activated THP-1 macrophages. Pharmacog Mag 2017, 13(51), 393-9.

Plantago major has been reported to have anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Moreover, which plant parts are more suitable as starting materials has not been explored. To investigate the antiproliferative activity of P. major extracts against MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, HeLaS3, A549, and KB cancer cell lines as well as their effects on inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-a, interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, and interferon [IFN]-g) production by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated THP-1 macrophages. The methanol and aqueous extracts of P. major from different plant parts and its chemical compounds, i.e., ursolic acid (UA), oleanolic acid (OA), and aucubin were tested in this experiment. Methanol and aqueous extracts of P. major seeds exhibited the greatest antiproliferative activity. The methanol extracts of seeds also demonstrated the highest inhibition of TNF-a, IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-g production. Interestingly, the roots, which were commonly discarded, exhibited comparable activities to those of leaves and petioles. Furthermore, UA exhibited stronger activities than OA and aucubin. The seeds are being proposed as the main source for further development of anticancer and anti-inflammatory products, whereas the roots could be included in the preparation of P. major derived products with respect to anti-inflammatory.

8 illus, 1 table, 33 ref

019561   Karemore M N;Waghmare N C;Charde Y M;Avari J G (Pharmaceutical Sciences Dep, R. T. M. Nagpur Univ, Nagpur-440 033, Email: meghakaremore0687@gmail.com) : Formulation and evaluation of floating tablet containing solid dispersion of cefixime trihydrate. J pharma Sci Tech 2017, 6(2), 75-81.

Floating systems are low-density systems that remain in the gastric region for several hours and hence prolong the gastric residence time of drug. It is important for the drugs that are degraded in intestine or for drugs like antacids, or antiulcer, antibiotics that should act locally in the stomach. Cefixime Trihydrate a third generation cephalosporin and BCS class IV drug is used in local stomach infection. Hence to make it bioavailable and effective, the floating tablets are prepared to achieve stomach specific drug delivery. In the present study, Solid dispersion of cefixime trihydrate was prepared with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) K-30 by solvent evaporation method to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of this drug. This physical complex in ratio 1:1 exhibits the highest solubility in water (<62>90%). The floating tablet containing solid dispersion of cefixime trihydrate was compressed using hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K 100M for sustaining the release of drug, total 6 batches (F1-F6) was compressed and evaluated for various pre-compression and post-compression parameters. The optimized batch F5 shows sustained release of cefixime trihydrate upto 12 h, have the minimum lag time (3.0-3.5 min) and maximum floating time (<62>10 h). The released kinetics followed first order kinetics. The stability study of optimized batch was carried out at 40°C and 75% RH, for 1 month which shows no drastic change as compared to room temperature. Thus, it can be concluded that this formulation can be used to achieve site specific drug delivery for drug having narrow absorption window, and low bioavailability.

8 illus, 9 tables, 7 ref

019560   Joshi H D;Tiwari V K;Sharma R;Gupta S;Lakra W S;Sahoo U (Aquaculture Div, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Andheri(W), Mumbai-400 061, Email: harshjoshicofsn@gmail.com) : Nanotechnological innovation for the production of daughter less tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758). J appl nat Sci 2017, 9(4), 1921-5.

The aim of present work was to develop a new Fadrozole (FDZ)-loaded Poly (D,L-lactide-co- glycolide) lactide:glycolide (50:50)(PLGA) - 90 - nanoparticles for effective delivery of the masculinization drug, Fadrozole, as an alternative to commercially available masculinization agents like testosterone (dietary supplementation of 17 α- methyltestosterone) which are steroids and banned in most EU countries. The FDZ-loaded PLGA NPs were pre-pared by solvent displacement technique. The particle size of FDZ-loaded PLGA NPs was analyzed using LICOMP particle size analyser. It was found to be in the range of 60±66.7 nm to 560±66.7 nm with average size of 201.4±66.7 nm, where the Zeta potential was estimated to be about -20.82 mV, a series of experiments were carried out to induce masculinization using FDZ-loaded PLGA nanoparticles during the sex differentiation period. Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fry were treated with FTZ-loaded PLGA nanoparticles at dosages 5, 25, 50 and 100ppm/kg diet for 10, 15 and 30 days. The results indicated an increase in the proportion of males with dosage and duration of treatment. The male percentage was 92.35±0.86 for T7(50 ppm) at 10 days, 97.76±1.12 for T7 (100 ppm) at 15 days and 100% for both T6 (50ppm) and T7 (100 ppm) at 30 days. This is first time done by using nanotechnology efficiently in Tilapia species which is very important Fresh water aquaculture species in present era. Which showed increase the male population with lesser dose of nano-encapsulated Fadrozole (FDZ) loaded PLGA nanoparticles drug as compared with naked control Fadrozole (FDZ) drug delivery.

2 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

019559   John J (NO, , Qt. No. 101/C Ruabandha, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, Email: drjoyammajohn5@gmail.com) : Evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of vinca rosea leaf extracts in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Int J Sci Nat 2017, 8(1), 161-4.

The present study was carried out to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of aqueous leaf extract of Vinca rosea. The aqueous extract at high dose (300mg/100g) body weight showed a significant hypoglycemic activity. Improvement in the body weight and water and food consumption is also observed after the treatment with herbal extract.

3 illus, 2 tables, 25 ref

019558   Jiang Q F;Huang M Y;Wu K Y;Weng J L;Deng R G; Xu X J;Xu J P;Jiang T (Pharmacy Dep, West Hospital District, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Me, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, China) : Intervention effects of atorvastatin combined with Panax notoginseng saponins on rats with atherosclerosis complicated. Pharmacog Mag 2017, 13(51), 430-8.

Statins cannot be used for some active liver diseases, which limits its application to some extent. The combined use of statins with other drugs may be one of the ways to solve this dilemma. This research aims to evaluate the effects of atorvastatin combined with Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on rats with atherosclerosis (AS) complicated with hepatic injury. Seventy-two male Wistar rats were randomly categorized into control group (without any intervention, Group A) and AS model groups, which were divided into hepatic injury (Groups B-E) and nonhepatic injury (Groups F-I) groups. Hepatic and nonhepatic injury groups were intragastrically treated with 5.5 mg/kg.d atorvastatin (Group B, F), 200 mg/kg.d PNS (Group C, G), 5.5 mg/kg.d atorvastatin + 200 mg/kg.d PNS (Group D, H), and normal saline (Group E, I). After 8 weeks, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and serum calcium were analyzed to evaluate the hypolipidemic effect. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, and r-glutamyltransferase levels were measured to assess liver function. The thoracic aortas were used for hematoxylin-eosin staining. In both hepatic injury and nonhepatic injury groups, TC, TG and LDL-C levels significantly decreased in Groups B, D, F, and H. ALT and AST levels significantly increased in Group B, but significantly decreased in Groups C and D. The aortic intima thickness was significantly lower in Groups B, D, F, and H than that in the normal saline group. The combination of atorvastatin and PNS treatment showed a significant hypolipidemic effect and hepatic enzyme stability function.

1 illus, 2 tables, 47 ref

019557   Jana S;Maity S;Chakraborty P;Banerjee S (Pharmaceutics Dep, Gupta College of Technological Sciences, Asansol-713 301, Email: janapharmacy@rediffmail.com) : Biomaterials based micro-composite for controlled release of antihypertensive drug. J pharma Sci Tech 2016, 6(1), 29-33.

The polymeric matrix is emerging as a promising technique for controlled drug delivery systems (CDDS). Natural Polymer based microcomposites have been attention due to their stability and ease of surface modification, and site-specific drug targeting. Natural polymers are biodegradable, biocompatible and nontoxic and bio adhesive in nature. In these work natural biomaterials based composites containing antihypertensive drug was prepared through ionic interaction method. Losartan potassium is a potent, highly specific angiotensin-II receptor type 1(AT 1) antagonist. It belongs to BCS class III. Losartan potassium is having narrow therapeutic index, poor bio availability (25 to 35%) and short biological half life It is the first of a new class of drug to be introduced for clinical use in hypertension due to selectively blockade of AT-1 receptors and consequent reduced pressure effect of angiotensin II. The formulated micro-composite was characterized by drug entrapment efficiency, surface morphology (SEM) analysis. In-vitro release study was performed in phosphate buffer medium up to 7 h. The release kinetic data was evaluated by the mathematical model. So in these - 89 - results revealed that natural biopolymer based micro composite may be used as a carrier matrix for drug delivery application.

5 illus, 5 tables, 19 ref

019556   Jaiswal N;Rizvi S I (Biochemistry Dep, Allahabad Univ, Allahabad-211 002, Email: sirizvi@gmail.com) : Amylase inhibitory and metal chelating effects of different layers of onion (Allium cepa L.) at two different stages of maturation in vitro. Ann Phytomed 2017, 6(1), 45-50.

Researches on traditional medicinal plants are consolidating the belief that this system of medicine provides a viable alternative to conventional drugs for various free radical mediated diseases, e.g., diabetes. Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the oldest cultivated plants with multiple functional and biological properties. These are attributed to the presence of active phytomolecules, e.g., phenolic acids, flavonoids (especially quercetin), cepaenes, thiosulfinates and anthocyanins. In the present study, outer layers (transitional layer with the first living cells below the dry onion peel) and innermost layers from two different sizes of onion were studied for their α-amylase inhibiting activity, flavonoid content, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (HRSA) and metal chelating activity. Our results demonstrate that the outermost living layers had higher flavonoid content (ranging from 40.27 to 45.0 mg), followed by a continuous decrease towards the inner part of the bulb (ranging from 29.10 to 31.81 mg). Outermost living layers of the onion extracts were found most powerful hydroxyl radical scavenger and having higher ferrous ion chelating effects compared to the inner layers with higher HRSA of outer layers of smaller onion. Differences in % α-amylase inhibitory activity were also observed among different layers and sizes of onions, ranging 52.0 to 44.8% in case of outer layers and 36.00 to 39.12% in case of inner layers, showing high inhibitory activity in outer layers of onion (p <60> 0.05). Quercetin was a potent inhibitor with inhibitory activity ranging from 69.6 to 84.3% at different concentrations, respectively. The findings may explain the antioxidative and antidiabetic effect of onion and also foods containing quercetin.

4 illus, 49 ref

019555   Jain N;Jain N;Jain V (Microbiology Dep, S.S. Medical College, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, Email: jainneelu12@gmail.com) : Comparative evaluation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug susceptibility testing between direct nitrate reductase assay and direct proportion method. Int J med Sci pub Hlth 2017, 6(1), 86-90.

Drug resistance - multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensive drug resistant (XDR) in tuberculosis (TB) is a matter of great concern for TB control programs. There is concern and need for early diagnosis of these multi-drug-resistant strains for better treatment. Objective was to compare the usefulness of Nitrate Reductase Assay (NRA) and direct proportion as a tool for rapid and accurate detection of resistance to first line anti-tubercular drugs. A total of 120 sputum-positive AFB smears of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients were selected for the study. The samples were processed by NRA and direct proportion for assessment of drug susceptibility testing to first line anti-tubercular drugs. The sensitivity of NRA was 100%, 92.30%, 81.81%, and 72.72% for RIF, INH, EMB, and STR, respectively. The specificity of NRA was 100%, 100%, 96.33%, and 89.79% for RIF, INH, EMB, and STR, respectively. The performance of NRA susceptibility testing was rapid and the median time of obtaining results was shorter using NRA (10 days) as compared to PM (28 days). Direct NRA is simple, easy to perform, rapid, relatively less expensive, without requirement of expensive reagents and sophisticated equipments. It is useful tool suitable for early determination, first line anti-tubercular drugs namely rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, and streptomycin with excellent concordance for INH and RIF resistance and relatively low accuracy for streptomycin, with good sensitivity and specificity.

18 ref

019554   Jaikumar K;Noor Mohamed S M;Wyson W J; Deventhiran M;Anand D;Saravanan P (Botany Post Graduate & Research Dep, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda College, Mylapore, Chennai-600 004, Email: sarviveka@gmail.com) : Phytochemical analysis of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw. leaf extract using GC-MS analysis. Int J pharm Sci Drug Res 2017, 9(2), 90-3.

Most of the world's populations residing in developing countries depend on alternative medicine and use of plant ingredients. Caesalpinia pulcherrima (Fabaceae) is used in folk medicine for the treatment of various diseases including asthma, bronchitis, cholera, diarrhea, dysentery and malarial infection. The aim of the study to identified bioactive compounds presence in the chloroform leaf extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw. using Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The leaf extraction was done by Soxhlet apparatus method. The GC-MS analysis has shown the presence of thirteen compounds in the chloroform leaf extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw. The identified bioactive compounds from this plant have been known to possess pharmacological activities.

1 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

019553   Hulkoti N I;Taranath T C (Studies in Botany Post Graduate Dep, Environmental Biology Lab, Karnatak Univ, Dharwad, Karnataka, Email: nihnasreen@gmail.com) : Influence of physico-chemical parameters on the fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Petrea volubilis L. stem broth and its anti-microbial efficacy. Int J pharm Sci Drug Res 2017, 9(2), 72-8.

In this study authors describe the phytofabrication of AgNps through a green route as a cost-effective, instantaneous and an eco-friendly approach using Petrea volubilis L. stem broth. The influence of physico-chemical parameters - contact time, stem broth quantity, pH, temperature, and silver nitrate concentration were studied and optimised to engineer, nanoparticles of diverse sizes. Nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, Zeta potential, EDS, and HRTEM. The characterization using HRTEM showed that, the nanoparticles were spherical and with increase in contact time, stem broth quantity, pH, and temperature, the NPs size minimised whereas escalation in silver nitrate concentration, increased their size. Capping molecules were negatively charged and the NPs were passably stable according to zeta potential readings and they were crystalline as per XRD data. According to FTIR analysis, the bio reduction was attributed to alcohol, ethers, carboxylic acids, and esters. The highest anti-bacterial activity was observed against S. aureus and S. typhi whose ZOI diameter was 13 mm at 100μl in both bacteria. The highest anti-fungal activity of silver nanoparticles was observed against A. flavus whose ZOI diameter was 9 mm at 100μl compared to P. chrysogenum which is 3 mm at - 87 - 100μl. The stem broth did not show any anti-microbial activity for the microbes. Anti-microbial activity of AgNPs is due to its small size and high surface area. Our findings clearly discloses that sizes of silver nanoparticles can be varied by varying the physico-chemical parameters and the small sized nanoparticles so formed are promising antimicrobial agents and has a great potential in various medical applications.

9 illus, 1 table, 22 ref

019552   Hewawasam R P;Jayatilaka K A P W;Mudduwa L K B;Pathirana C (Biochemistry Dep, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhuna Univ, Sri Lanka, Email: ruwaniph@yahoo.com) : Toxicological evaluation of five sri lankan medicinal plants: A biochemical, haematological and histopathological assessment. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(10), 4014-21.

Asteracantha longifolia, Asparagus falcatus, Vetiveria zizanioides, Coriandrum sativum and Epaltes divaricate have proven hepatoprotective and antioxidative effects against carbon tetrachloride and paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in mice and are widely used in Sri Lanka for the treatment of liver disorders. However, toxicological information regarding their safety after exposure to experimental animals or humans is not available. The present study was designed to evaluate repeated dose toxicity of the five aqueous extracts mentioned above. Healthy, ICR mice were treated with 0.9g/kg (orally) of aqueous extracts daily, for a period of 30 days. Animals were observed for effects on body weight, food consumption, external appearance and mortality. Biochemical, haematological and histopathological parameters were estimated in all groups at the end of 30 days. Aqueous extracts tested didn't produce mortality, changes in behaviour, difference in body weight, feeding habits or any other physiological activities in mice, at the dose administered. Biochemical or haematological analysis showed no marked differences in any of the parameters examined in either the control group or in the plant extract treated groups. No evidence of histopathological lesions was observed in any of the organs tested. The aqueous extracts of all five plant extracts at a dosage of 0.9g /kg were free from any toxic effects when administered for a period of 30 days to ICR mice.

13 ref

019551   Herath H M I C;Premakumara G A S; Wijayasiriwardene T D C M K (NO, Industrial Technology Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka, Email: drchandima@iti.lk) : Morphological and microscopic analysis of five Curcuma species grown in Sri Lanka using multivariate test. Int J Pharmac 2017, 4(7), 224-31.

Curcuma is an important genus used in Traditional Medicine in the world. Due to similar morphological characters and same Sinhalese vernacular names of Curcuma species, adulteration or substitution takes place. Current study was conducted to understand the similarities in morphological and microscopic characters by analyzing data using multivariate test on five species available in Sri Lanka; C. albiflora, C. aromatic, C. longa, C. oligantha and C. zedoaria. Whole plants of Curcuma species were collected in 2016, from wet and dry zones of Sri Lanka. Voucher specimens of the plants were authenticated from National Herbarium, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Morphological characters of five Curcuma species and microscopic characters of five Curcuma species using 5 observations of each plant were analyzed. Experiment was conducted as per WHO guidelines and other published data. Statistical tests were performed using Minitab 17. Multivariate test was used to determine the complex relationship among variables by simple correspondence analysis. Analyses examined the relationships between the 25 observations and the associations between variables in two dimensions and similar morphological and microscopic observations were identified from their positions. Statistical analysis of current study showed differentiation by morphological and microscopic characters of Curcuma species. Morphologically C. zedoaria and C. longa are similar. Microscopically, C. zedoaria and C. albiflora showed more similarity, In contrast, C. aromatica and C. longa clustered as another group. Therefore, this analysis can be used to identify commercial samples of Curcuma species more effectively.

4 illus, 8 tables, 23 ref

019550   Han X;Zhang D K;Zhang F;Lin J Z;Jiang H;Lan Y;Xiong X;Han L;Yang M;Fu C M (College of Pharmacy, Chengdu Univ of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, PR China) : Novel strategy for bitter taste masking of gankeshuangqing dispersible tablets based on particle coating technology. Pharmacog Mag 2017, 13(51), 400-6.

Currently, acute upper respiratory tract infections (AURTIs) are increasingly becoming a significant health burden. Gankeshuangqing dispersible tablets (GKSQDT) which have a good effect on treating AURTIs. GKSQDT is composed of baicalin and andrographolide. However, - 85 - its severe bitterness limits application of patients. Due to the addition of plentiful accessories, common masking methods are unsuitable for GKSQDT. It is thus necessary to develop a new masking method. The Previous study showed that baicalin was less bitter than andrographolide. Thus, particle coating technology was adapted to prepare composite particles that baicalin coated on the surface of andrographolide to decrease bitterness. Initially, particle size of baicalin and coating time of composite was investigated to prepare composite. Then, scanning electron microscopy, wettability, and infrared (IR) spectrogram were used to characterize the microstructure of composite. Furthermore, electronic tongue test, animal preference experiment, and human sensory test were applied to evaluate the masking effect. To produce composite, baicalin should be ground in vibromill for 6 min. Then, andrographolide fine powder was added to grind together for 6 min. Contact angle of composite was smaller than mixture, and more similar to baicalin. Other physical characterization including microstructure, wettability, and IR also suggested that andrographolide was successfully coated by baicalin superfine. Furthermore, taste-masking test indicated taste-masked tablets was less bitter than original tablets. The study indicated that particle coating technology can be used for taste masking of GKSQDT without adding other substance. Moreover, it provides a new strategy of taste masking for national medicine.

4 illus, 1 table, 39 ref

019549   Gupta E;Kaushik S;Purwar S;Sharma R;Balapure A K;Sundaram S (Centre of Biotechnology, Allahabad Univ, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh) : Anticancer potential of steviol in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Pharmacog Mag 2017, 13(51), 345-50.

This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity, apoptosis induction, and mechanism of action of steviol on human breast cancer cells (Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 [MCF-7]). Sulforhodamine-B assay was performed to analyze cytotoxic potential of Steviol whereas flow cytometer was used to analyze cell cycle, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species generation. Studying the viability of cells confirms the IC₅₀ of Steviol in MCF-7 cells which was 185 μM. The data obtained from fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis reveal Steviol-mediated G2/M-phase arrest (P <60> 0.05) in addition to the presence of evident sub-G0/G1 peak (P <60> 0.05) in the MCF-7 cells, signifying the ongoing apoptosis. Thus, results suggest that induction of apoptosis in MCF-7 cells was due to dose-dependent effect of Steviol. Our first in vitro findings indicate Steviol as a promising candidate for the treatment of breast cancer.

4 illus, 1 table, 29 ref

019548   Goankar U U;Bolmal U B;Gadad A P (Pharmaceutics Dep, KLE's College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, Karnataka, Email: udaybolmal@yahoo.co.in) : Design and characterization of solid dispersed fexofenadine hydrochloride buccal film by central composite design. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(10), 4097-109.

Fexofenadine Hydrochloride (FHCl) is a second generation antihistaminic drug which is used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. It is a BCS class II drug and has high first pass metabolism leading to low oral bioavailability. Drug-inclusion complex with 2HPβCD was prepared by kneading method and characterized for solubility study, FTIR study and in vitro dissolution study. Nine different combinations of polymers to be added were generated by Central Composite Design was used to evaluate dependent parameters by varying the independent variables, HPMC E5 and HPMC K4M and responses were tensile strength, mucoadhesive strength and in vitro diffusion. Films were prepared and evaluated for different parameters and found to be in acceptable limits. Optimized formulation F10 generated from the design showed good tensile strength and mucoadhesive strength and optimum in vitro diffusion results. Drug permeation through porcine oral mucosa at the end of 120 mins was 85.59%. Short term stability studies revealed that formulation was stable after storage for 1 month.

13 ref

019547   Gebrezgabiher A;Yilma Z;Tadese E (Pharmacy Dep, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle Univ, P.O.Box 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia, Email: ziedo21@gmail.com) : Comparative in vitro quality evaluation of different brands of mebendazole tablets, marketed in Mekelle town, Tigray, Ethiopia. J pharma Sci Tech 2016, 5(2), 98-101.

There are growing concerns that various mebendazole formulations may have different bioavailability and that development of resistance will accelerate if suboptimal doses are used. Despite the considerable use in Ethiopia, there are no reports on the quality assessment of the various brands of mebendazole tablets marketed in Ethiopia. The objective of the present study is to assess physical properties and the quality control parameters of the marketed brands of Mebendazole tablets found in pharmacy outlets in Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia. Six different brands of mebendazole tablets were identified, purchased and evaluated for uniformity of weight, friability, hardness, disintegration and assay of active pharmaceutical ingredient and dissolution profile according to established methods, and analyzed using MS excel and Origin pro 8. Results obtained indicated that all brands comply with official requirements for uniformity of weight, hardness and assay. The identification test, which is done using FTIR, indicated that all the samples were mebendazole. Brands showed difference in disintegration times which ranges from 20 seconds to 180 seconds except brand MZ-6 which stays up to 3 h. Except MZ-6 which releases only 38% with in 75 minute, the other brands released within the range of 96-99%. From this study, it can be concluded that, except brand MZ-6, all brands are comparable and acceptable in their quality. Since MZ-6 showed long disintegration - 84 - time and poor dissolution profile, its manufacturing process needs to be reviewed.

1 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

019546   Garg A;Singhvi I (NO, Pacific College of Pharmacy, Udaipur-313 024, Email: ayush20.garg@gmail.com) : Optimization and evaluation of dexlansoprazole delayed release enteric coated tablets. J pharma Sci Tech 2016, 6(1), 19-24.

The present study was an attempt to formulate and evaluate enteric coated tablets for Dexlansoprazole to reduce the gastrointestinal tract side effects. Four formulations of Core tablets were prepared and one who shows rapid disintegration (near around three minutes) was selected for enteric coating. Dexlansoprazole which have an irritant effect on the stomach can be coated with a substance that will only dissolve in the small intestine. Enteric coat was optimized using two different polymers such as HPMC P 50 and Eudragit L 100 in different concentrations. Enteric coating added to the formulation tends to avoid the stomach's acidic exposure, delivering them instead to a basic pH environment (intestinal pH 5.5 and above) where they do not degrade, and give their desired action. This stimulated us to formulate Dexlansoprazole as an enteric coated tablet and the prepared tablets were evaluated in terms of their pre-compression parameters and physical characteristics.

1 illus, 6 tables, 20 ref

019545   Galander A A;Osman M E;Hassan E A (Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Science, Sudan Univ of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 407 Khartoum, Sudan) : Synthesis and characterization of the oil and biodiesil from Sterculia setigera Del (Karaya) seeds. Int J multidiscipl Res Dev 2017, 4(11), 24-7.

This study aims to identify a sustainable source of energy from natural and environmentally friendly resources. The oil from Karaya seeds was extracted using three techniques; chemical soxhelet extraction, cold chemical extraction and mechanical pressing. - 83 - Percentage yields were 32.4%, 26.0% and 18.2% respectively. Fatty Acids profile shows that the oil contained, approximately, 97% saturated fatty acids Palmitic, Myristic and Heptadecanoic, and 3% unsaturated fatty acids Palmitoleic and Linolenic. Acid catalyzed esterification reduced fatty acids content from 15.88% to 1.56%. Treated oil was Transesterified. The results indicate that the physicochemical properties of Karaya methyl esters are within standard limits of.

4 tables, 23 ref

019544   Fu X;Lu R;Zhao S (Traditional Chinese Medicine Dep, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical Univ, Jinzhou 121000, China) : Simultaneous quantitation of six aconitum alkaloids and three flavonoids in the herb couple of radix aconiti lateralis-radix glycyrrhizae (fuzi-gancao) by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Pharmacog Mag 2017, 13(51), 425-9.

Fuzi-Gancao herb couple is one of the commonly used herb couples involved in the traditional Chinese medicine formulations, with radix aconiti lateralis (Fuzi in Chinese) and radix glycyrrhizae (Gancao in Chinese) as a ratio of 1:1. Alkaloids and flavonoids were considered as the main active ingredients of Fuzi-Gancao herb couple. However, no analytical methods have been reported to quantitatively analyze these activity ingredients in Fuzi-Gancao herb couple simultaneously. Objectives was to develop a simple, rapid, and sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantitation of six alkaloid and three flavonoid compounds, namely, aconitine (AC), mesaconitine (MA), hypaconitine (HA), benzoylaconitine (BAC), benzoylmesaconitine (BMA), benzoylhypaconitine (BHA), liquiritin, isoliquiritin, and licochalcone A (LCA) in Fuzi-Gancao herb couple. The chromatographic separation was achieved using a reversed phase C18 column and a mobile phase consisted of water (0.1% formic acid in water, v/v) and acetonitrile. The detection was achieved in multiple reaction monitoring modes. The optimal mass transition ion pairs (m/z) for quantitation were 646.3/586.5 for AC, 632.4/572.5 for MA, 616.3/556.4 for HA, 604.5/572.5 for BAC, 590.4/540.4 for BMA, 574.1/542.5 for BHA, 419.4/257.1 for liquiritin, 419.4/257.1 for isoliquiritin, and 339.2/121.1 for LCA. Good linearity was observed in validated concentration range for each analyte (r <62> 0.9992), and the intra- and inter-day precisions were <60>3.12% and 3.65%, respectively. The recovery ranged from 85.36% to 110.14%. The results demonstrated that the method developed was reliable, rapid, and specific. Moreover, this method was successfully applied to control the quality of Fuzi-Gancao herb couple.

2 illus, 5 tables, 8 ref

019543   Farooqui F I;Kakde R B (Pharmaceutical Sciences Dep, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur Univ, Nagpur-440 033, Email: faizan55_farooqui@yahoo.co.in) : Reversed-phase liquid chromatography with mass detection and NMR characterization of sitagliptin degradation related impurities. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(10), 4240-5.

The current work on impurity profiling of Sitagliptin in its bulk drugs, included development of a stability- indicating reverse-phased liquid chromatographic method and its validation for the estimation of degradation related impurities (DRIs). Sitagliptin was subjected to acid and alkaline hydrolysis, H₂O₂ oxidation, thermal degradation and photolysis. Acid hydrolysis and H₂O₂ oxidation yielded significant degradants, which were isolated on a semi-preparative - 82 - high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and characterized with the help of high-resolution mass spectrometry, ¹H-NMR spectroscopy. Possible structures of the DRIs were reveled with the help of mass measurement and NMR spectroscopy. The chromatographic separations were accomplished on Waters Cosmosil C₁₈ column (250 mm x 4.6 mm; 5 μm) using 5mM ammonium acetate and methanol as a mobile phase with gradient elution at 1.0 ml/min flow rate, and eluents were detected using photo diode array detector at 268 nm wavelength. The method was validated with respect to accuracy, precision, linearity, robustness, and limits of detection and quantification as per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines.

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019542   Elsharkawy E;Aljohar H (Environment and plant pasture Dep, Desert Research Center, Mathef El-Mataria, Egypt, Email: elsharqawyeman@hotmail.com) : Anticancer screening of medicinal plants growing in the northern region of Saudi Arabia. Natn J Physiol Pharm Pharmac 2016, 6(3), 241-6.

Desert condition in which plants grow and survive and altering biochemical properties of plants are known to increase the secondary metabolite induction in a variety of medicinal plants. Cancer is a terrible disease and fighting it is of abundant significance to public health. Objectives was to search for new compounds with cytotoxic activity isolated from natural source. In this article, we studied the anticancer properties of three plants (Farsetia aegyptia, Lactuca serriola, and Santolina chamaecyparissus) growing under desert condition of the Northern Region of Saudi Arabia. Hydromethanol extracts of the plants were investigated in vitro against four different cell lines. Anticancer activities were assayed with standard 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric procedure against A549, HCT116, Hep G2, and MCF7 cell lines. From the analysis, it was found that Lactuca and Santolina sp. showed 71% and 66% cytotoxic activity against Hep G2 and inhibited cell line at 100 μg/mL tested dose; F. aegyptia showed 74% cytotoxic activity against A549 and inhibited cell line at 100 μg/mL. But, the three plants did not show much anticancer activity against HCT116 cancer cell line. Methanol extracts were subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) in order to evaluate the chemical constituents of these plants. It can be concluded that, in F. aegyptia, L. serriola, and S. chamaecyparissus, which grow undrer dry desert condition of Northern Borders Region, the stress condition makes the plant accumulate active compounds that possess anticancer properties against nonsmall cell lung adenocarcinoma and human hepatocellular liver carcinoma.

1 illus, 2 tables, 31 ref

019541   Elsharkawy E (Environment and plant pasture Dep, Desert Research Center, Mathef El-Mataria, Egypt, Email: elsharqawyeman@hotmail.com) : Anti-inflammatory activity and chemical compositions of essential oil of achillea fragmmentissma. Natn J Physiol Pharm Pharmac 2016, 6(3), 258-62.

At present, there are considerable scientific evidences to suggest that nutritive and non-nutritive plant-based dietary factors can inhibit the process of carcinogenesis effectively. The aim of the present study was to use essential oils extracted by different methods from Achillea fragrantissima (hexane extract [HE] and oil extract [OE]) in the manufacture of soap, which can be used as anti-inflammatory agent. The anti-inflammatory effect of volatile oil was studied using carrageenan induced paw edema method at 100 mg/kg dose orally. Furthermore, it also studies the chemical composition of Achillea extracts by GC-MS. This study demonstrated that extracts of - 81 - Achillea fragrantissima have excellent anti-inflammatory properties. Of the two extracts analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS), there were differences in the chemical composition of essential oil of two extracts. Bisabolol, bisabolol oxide, menthol, and β-caryophyllene are the major constituents of the Achillea extract, some compounds were found in OE and not found in HE. The observations supports Achillea fragrantissima which is used by many people in the northern region for medicinal uses, it is safe and it can be used as anti-inflammatory drug.

1 illus, 2 tables, 26 ref

019540   Elesawy B H;Alghamdy A A R N;El-Askary A; Salih M M (Pathology Dep, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura Univ, Egypt, Email: basemelesawy2@gmail.com) : Evaluation of the effect of vitamin D on sodium fluoride-induced toxicity in reproductive functions and male rabbits. Natn J Physiol Pharm Pharmac 2016, 6(3), 215-21.

Fluorosis is an endemic problem in many countries of the world. Objectives were to see the effect of fluoride on the reproductive system and to see the role, if any, of vitamin D analog paricalcitol on it. Sixty rabbits were divided into four equal groups. Group I was fed on standard diet, Group II vehicle-treated control, Group III on sodium fluoride (NaF) 20 mg/kg body weight, and Group IV on NaF + paricalcitol. In Group III (fed on NaF) significant decrease in sperm count (P <60> 0.001) and motility (P <60> 0.001) was seen compared with control. With vitamin D analog paricalcitol, there was a significant improvement in the sperm count (P <60> 0.001) and motility (P <60> 0.01). All of these significant changes were evident by histopathological evaluation of testicular biopsies. Vitamin D analog paricalcitol treatment showed a significant improvement in reproductive functions.

4 illus, 1 table, 28 ref

019539   Duan F F;Jia S S;Yuan K (NO, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry Univ, Lin'an, 311300, P.R. China) : Antitumor effects and mechanism of n-butanol fraction from aril of Torreya grandis in H₂₂ mice. Pharmacog Mag 2017, 13(51), 351-7.

To determine the antitumor effects and its mechanism of n-butanol fraction from aril of Torreya grandis (BFAT) on H₂₂ mice models of liver cancer. Sixty ICR male mice were used to establish H₂₂mice models of liver cancer and then randomly divided into six groups, the normal control group, the model control group, the positive group (cyclophosphamide [CTX]), the BFAT-treated group (high, 4 g/kg, medium, 2 g/kg, and low, 1 g/kg). The animals were sacrificed 15 days after oral administration, and tumors were taken out for the tumor weights and antitumor rates, while thymus and spleen were taken for thymus index and spleen index. Blood in eyeball was collected for the determination of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine - 80 - aminotransferase (ALT), albumin (Alb), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase enzyme (GSH-Px), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and IL-10 in serum. Sections of tumor tissue were prepared, and morphological changes in tumor tissue cells were observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining technique. Compared with the model control group, the tumor inhibition rate of the high-dose administered group is 60.15%, which is quite closed to the effect of CTX. Moreover, the tumor weight is decreased, the indexes of spleen, thymus were increased significantly. Furthermore, the administration of BFAT significantly enhanced the activities of TNF-α, IL-2, SOD, and GSH-Px and reduced the levels of AST, ALT, MDA, Alb, TGF-β1, and IL-10 (P <60> 0.01). The results demonstrated that n-butanol fraction from aril of T. grandis showed out antitumor activity without obviously liver damage through potentiating immunologic function and antioxidant activity of tumor-bearing mice and which may become one potential as anticancer drug alternatives or supplements.

5 illus, 1 table, 39 ref

019538   Divneet Kaur;Kamboj A;Richa Shri (NO, I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical Univ, Jalandhar, Punjab, Email: rshri587@hotmail.com) : Comparative evaluation of anxiolytic effects of various extracts of oats (Avena sativa), rice bran (Oryza sativa) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea) in experimental animals. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(10), 4110-16.

Aim of the present study was to compare antianxiety activity of various extracts of Oats (OA), Rice Bran (RB) and Spinach (SP) which are rich in phenolics mainly flavonoids and possesses excellent antioxidant property. Flavonoids are reported to have effect on central nervous system, mainly in anxiety disorders. The activity of various extracts (petroleum ether and hydroalcoholic) of all the three plants was evaluated at different doses (50, 100, 200 mg/kg of body weight) using EPM model of anxiety. The studies were conducted on swiss albino mice, and the test materials were administered per oral route. Results indicated that out of all the prepared extracts of the three selected plants, hydroalcoholic extract of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) exhibited maximum and significant effect at 200 mg/kg of body weight, the results were comparable to the standard antianxiety drug diazepam (2 mg/kg p.o.).

45 ref

019537   Dhage S G;Lohiya G K;Charde Y M;Avari J G (Pharmaceutical Sciences Dep, R. T. M. Nagpur Univ, Nagpur-440 033, Email: yogitacharde@gmail.com) : Formulation and evaluation of sustained release microspheres of atorvastatin using chitosan and alginate. Int J pharm Sci Drug Res 2017, 9(3), 126-33.

Certain problems regarding the drugs like high first pass metabolism, also the bioavailability of the certain drugs varies due to instability in acidic environment of stomach. Hence, to resolve such problems the drug should be incorporated in the microspheres for sustained release using a suitable polymer. Natural polymer like chitosan gained great interest in pharmaceutical sector because of its advantages like biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, non-immunogenicity and low cost. In the present study, formulation and evaluation of polymeric microspheres of Atorvastatin Calcium was carried out and the release profile of such drug using the alginate - 79 - and chitosan was studied. Microspheres were prepared for sustained release of drug using chitosan and alginate polymers by ionotropic gelation method. Microspheres were spherical in shape, having good flow properties and further its encapsulation efficiency, swelling index, micromeritic study, in- vitro drug release study and stability studies were performed in order to characterize microspheres. Three different concentrations of sodium alginate (1%, 2% and 3%) were used. The higher encapsulation efficiency was observed as the concentration of alginate increased. This is due to the greater availability of active calcium binding sites in the polymeric chains and consequently the greater degree of cross linking. The highest encapsulation efficiency (88.36) was achieved with 2% w/v sodium alginate in combination with 3% chitosan (F6). Among the prepared formulations with respect to the entrapment efficiency, swelling studies and in vitro drug release, the alginate-chitosan microspheres prepared by ionotropic gelation using calcium chloride found to be better than ionically cross linked alginate spheres alone. Therefore, dual cross-linked, microspheres are promising carrier for sustained release of drug.

11 illus, 10 tables, 20 ref

019536   Devbhuti P (NO, NSHM College of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kolkata-700 053, Email: p_devbhuti@rediffmail.com) : Effect of lincomycin and ascorbic acid, alone and in combination, on peroxidation parameters of rabbit blood plasma. J pharma Sci Tech 2016, 6(1), 15-8.

Peroxidation of membrane lipids is an important phenomenon that happens when a drug, after administration, crosses biological lipoidal barrier to reach its site of action. Lipid peroxidation, that may lead to injurious consequences on cells and tissues, is considered to be one of the underlying facts behind the development of several life threatening diseases and disorders. Considering the above statement the in vivo study was conducted to evaluate the peroxidation induction potential of the lincosamide antibiotic lincomycin using rabbit as animal model. The study reveals that lincomycin has considerable lipid peroxidation induction potential that was indicated by its ability to raise plasma MDA (malondialdehyde) and HNE (4-hydroxy-2-nonenal) level and suppressing plasma GSH (reduced glutathione) and NO (nitric oxide) level. It was further found from the study that ascorbic acid, the well known and easily available antioxidant, has the ability to minimize lincomycin-induced lipid peroxidation.

4 tables, 31 ref

019535   Das K;Rekha R;Ibrahim M A;Ahmed S Y;Dang R (NO, Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy, <35>12/1, Chikkabellandur Carmelaram Post, Varthur Hobli, Bengaluru-560 035, Email: drkkdsd@gmail.com ) : Effect of demographic location on Phlebodium decumanum (Willd.) J. Sm. for its phytoconstituents and establishment of antioxidant and novel anthelmintic activity of its aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts. Ann Phytomed 2017, 6(1), 101-6.

A fern, Phlebodium decumanum (Willd.) J.Sm. (PD) - 78 - belongs to the family Polypodiaceae. It is a creeping, densely hairy or scaly rhizome bearing fronds at intervals along its length. It is native to tropical and subtropical regions of the America. The present study was investigated to establish the presence of phytoconstituents in leaf samples collected from three different geographical zones (Bengaluru, Nasik, and Munnar) and their impact on antioxidant and anthelmintic activity. Aqueous and methanol leaf extracts were used as solvent for extraction (conventional Soxhlet method) and results were compared to established novel application of fern species. Results revealed presence of alakloids, polyphenols, terpenoids, flavonoids, etc., upon various chemical tests. Thereafter, antioxidant study was established with DPPH and FRAP assay method. The IC₅₀ value for methanol extract showed higher (210.24 μg/ml) for Munnar sample than the other two samples. An anthelmintic activity was determined by compared with Albendazole standard (25 mg/ml). Results revealed significant anthelmintic activity (p<60>0.01) for methanol extract of Munnar sample in terms of the time taken for paralysis and death study.

6 illus, 2 tables, 28 ref

019534   Chugh C;Gosavi G;Mishra S;Kapoor S (Biotechnology Dep, Univ Institute of Engineering and Technology, Maharshi Dayanand Univ, Rohtak, Haryana-124 001, Email: chetnachugh@gmail.com) : Phytochemical studies in different cultivars of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp). Ann Phytomed 2017, 6(1), 95-100.

Cowpea is a warm season, herbaceous grain legume crop. Natural polyphenols exert their beneficial health effects by their antioxidant activity. These compounds are capable of removing free radicals, chelate metal catalysts, activate antioxidant enzymes, reduce a-tocopherol radicals and inhibiting oxidases. Hence, the present study was undertaken to determine the phenol ic content, antioxidant activity and mineral profile of Indian cowpea cuitivars, namely; Selection, M-65, Pusa Komal, Russian giant, CS-88 and H-46, so as to establish its therapeutic properties and potential as a functional food. Results showed significant differences in total phenolic content, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity among different cultivars of cowpea under the influence of different extraction solvents. CS-88 showed the highest total phenolic content in the 80% acetone extract and the least was recorded in the Russian giant in 100% methanol extract. Highest amount of total flavonoid content was found in Russian giant in (80% acetone extract) and the least amount was found in HC-46 (70% ethanol). Overall, total phenolic content extracted by different solvents was found in the order: 80% acetone <62> 70% ethanol <62> 100% methanol. Pusa Komal showed the highest antioxidant activity (80% acetone extract) and Selection (70% ethanol). The ferric reducing antioxidant power value order was 80% acetone <62> 70% ethanol <62> 100% methanol was found for all the cultivars except Selection (80% acetone <62> 100% Methanol <62> 70% ethanol). Pusa Komal, Pusa Sukomal, V-240 and V-585 were used for the mineral estimation. The level of Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Cu and Fe ranged from 0.03-18.10, 47.70-51.40, 31.50-40, 2.30-3.60, 0.52-0.72, 4.40-32.60 mg/100 g, respectively among different cultivars of cowpea. Thus, the study suggested that selected cowpea cultivars contain important dietary antioxidants with minerals and therefore, highlights the need for further research to determine whether these dietary antioxidants could be used as food supplements, nutraceuticals or for other functional applications.

019533   Chidambaram S;Swaminathan R (Microbiology Dep, Valliammal College for Women, Chennai-102, Email: drcsoundhari@gmail.com) : In-vitro antimycobacterial activity of selected indian medicinal plants to resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(10), 4130-3.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a highly significant infection of microbial origin causing death of human in developing countries. The anti-tubercular drugs are less effective because of the emergence of multi-drug resistant strains and ineffective to extensively drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Plants are being an alternative source of anti-microbial compounds; the aim of this study was to investigate anti-mycobacterial potential of the few Indian medicinal plants and isolated compound from these to standard avirulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra, standard virulent H37Rv and isoniazid resistant clinical isolates using Broth Microdilution Method. Lyophilised ethanolic, aqueous and aqueous ethanolic extracts of four Indian medicinal plants viz. Coleus amboinicus, Glychirrhiza glabra, Pongamia pinnata and Terminalia chebula were screened for their in vitro antimycobacterial activity by Broth microdilution method (BMM) after 14 days of incubation at 37°C. The ethanolic extract of G. glabra was active against the tested strains of M. tuberculosis in primary screening with a MIC of 500μg/ml. The other extracts failed to exhibit inhibition at the tested concentrations. Glycyrrhizin a major and active constituent of the root of G. glabra was hence evaluated for its anitmycobacterial activity to the tested strains of M. - 77 - tuberculosis. The isolated pure compound Glycyrrhizin exhibited a MIC value of 100μg/ml to the tested strains of M. tuberculosis. The findings provide scientific support for ethno medical uses of Glycyrrhiza glabra to cure coughs and chest related ailments with the establishment of glycyrrhizin as a molecule for antimycobacterial activity and indicate a promising potential of this plant for the development of safer and efficacious anti-tuberculosis therapy.

10 ref

019532   Chavhan S A;Shinde S A;Sapkal S B;Shrikhande V N (Pharmacognosy Dep, IBSS College of Pharmacy, Malkapur, Distict - Buldana-443 101, Email: sarinchavhan21@gmail.com) : Herbal excipients of novel drug delivery systems. Int J Pharmac 2017, 4(7), 208-16.

Due to advances in drug delivery technology, currently, excipients are included in novel dosage forms to fulfil specific functions and in some cases; they directly or indirectly influence the extent and/or rate of drug release and drug absorption. Recent trends towards use of plant based and natural products demand the replacement of synthetic additives with natural ones. Today, the whole world is increasingly interested in natural drugs and excipients. These natural materials have many advantages over synthetic ones as they are chemically inert, nontoxic, less expensive, biodegradable, improve the shelf life of product and widely available. This article gives an overview of natural excipients which are used in conventional dosage forms as well as novel drug delivery systems.

6 illus, 1 table, 56 ref

019531   Chauhan N;Gajjar A;Issac R J A;Pucha S K; Arumugam P (Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dep, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma Univ, Ahmedabad-382 481, Email: navneetscientific@gmail.com) : Identification of novel glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibitor through combined shape-based screening and molecular docking approach. Int J pharm Sci Drug Res 2017, 9(3), 145-8.

Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) is an important class of therapeutic drug target currently receiving wide attention. In our computational - 76 - approach, shape-based similarity search was used to screen the SPECS database, based on the shape of Tideglusib molecule; a known GSK-3β inhibitor. The resulting virtual hits were applied for docking studies on the known binding pockets of GSK-3β. A novel compound [7,10-dioxo-4,5-dihydro-7H,10H-pyrano[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-8-yl acetate] proposed from docking results in the substrate site of GSK-3β was found to have inhibitory activity (IC₅₀) above 100μM concentration in ADP-Glo^TM Kinase assay. This communication aims to put forward in identifying newer hit on GSK-3β target via virtual screening approach.

^ssc3 illus, 18 ref

019530   Chaudhary R;Mishra A;Kapil Kumar;Arya S (Biosciences Dep, D.A.V.(P.G.) Collage, Muzaffarnagar-251 001, Email: rajatbio007@gmail.com) : Effect of paper industry effluent on enzyme activity and protein profiling of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). J appl nat Sci 2017, 9(4), 1910-15.

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a legume which is mostly cultivated in India than other countries that can give significant amounts of dietary minerals and protein to humans. The effect of paper industrial effluent on chick-pea (C. arietinum L.) were analysed along with different concentration (10%, 20% 40%, 60% 80% and 100%) and pure tap water as a control to compare the effect of paper industrial effluent for one week. The amount of protein were comparable with control, their amount was increased at 40% in effluent treated seeds. The maximum activity of enzymes was found below 40% level of effluent. In this study protein profile of imbibed seeds, shoot, root and residual cotyledons were examined under the different concentration of effluent. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of total protein showed that the maximum number of protein bands seen in the imbibed seeds whereas minimum number of protein bands observed in the root. SDS-PAGE revealed that less degradation and/or more rapid accumulation of proteins occurred in higher molecular weight proteins. From this study, it is clear that the industrial effluent rich in organic matter and plant nutrients are finding their use in agriculture as the cheaper way of disposal.

6 illus, 30 ref

019529   Chaudhari S P;Dave R H (Pharmaceutical Sciences Div, Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long, 75 Dekalb Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11201, USA, Email: rutesh.dave@liu.edu) : Investigation the effect of molecular weight of polyvinylpyrroliodone and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose as potential antiprecipitants on supersaturated drug solutions and formulations using weakly acidic drug: indomethacin. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(10), 3931-48.

Most of the drug discovered in past decade belongs to biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) class II. The solubility of these drugs is the limiting factor for oral bioavailability. The drug can be present in solution in a supersaturated state; however, it has a - 75 - tendency to crystallize out. In this paper, we aim to study the effect of molecular weight of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (PVP K12, PVP K29 and PVP K90) and Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) (HPMC E5, HPMC E15 and HPMC E50) as potential antiprecipitant on weakly acidic drug-Indomethacin (INDO). Supersaturation assay was carried out by solvent shift and solvent casting method. These are non-formulated methods and to access their ability to generate supersaturation, spray dried solid dispersions (SD) were prepared. Supersaturation assay revealed that the ability to generate and maintain the supersaturation are concentration dependent for PVP. As the molecular weight increases the supersaturation produced is increased in PVP and decreased for HPMC polymers. On stability, PVP solvent casts are affected the most. SD were prepared and found out that processability is much better for PVP K29 and HPMC E5. PVP K90 SD and HPMC SD when stored at elevated temperature and humidity show better stability. FTIR analysis showed the presence of hydrogen bonds between the polymer and INDO. Dissolution data revealed that at higher drug-loading PVP K90 and HPMC E50 show the faster drug release in sink condition. As drug loading is decreased, high molecular weight polymers show better stability. However the drug release is governed by polymer dissolution.

36 ref

019528   C Girish;Reddy Y N (S. V. U. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sri Venkateswara Univ, Tirupati-517 502, Email: ynrku@yahoo.co.in) : Acute toxicity studies of petroleum ether, methanol and aqueous extracts of Nigella sativa. Int J pharm Sci Drug Res 2017, 9(2), 94-7.

The purpose of the study was to test the acute oral toxicity of the different extracts of the plant Nigella sativa. Acute toxicity of petroleum ether, methanol and aqueous extracts of Nigella sativa was evaluated in Swiss mice. The acute toxicity studies were carried out based on OECD guidelines 423. The animals were administered orally with a single dose of 100, 250, 500, 750, 1000, 2000 mg/kg body weight of each extract. Signs of toxicity and mortality were noted after 1, 4 and 24h of administration of the extract for about 14 days. The highest dose administered (2000 mg/kg body weight) do not produce mortality or changes in general behaviour of the test animals. These results indicate the safety of the oral administration of petroleum ether, methanol and aqueous extracts of Nigella sativa.

4 tables, 20 ref

019527   Burki S;Nasiri M I;Anwer S;Ahmad R;Ahmed K (Pharmacology Dep, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard Univ, Karachi-76400, Pakistan, Email: iqbalnasiri@hotmail.com) : Comparative study on resistance pattern of clinical isolates of severe acute pancreatitis against moxifloxacin and ciprofloxacin: an ini vitro study. J pharma Sci Tech 2016, 5(2), 61-3.

The objective of this research work was to study the potential sensitivity and resistance pattern of moxifloxacin and ciprofloxacin on the isolated pathogens of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in a cohort population. For this purpose, a total of 140 isolates were - 74 - collected from different Public hospitals of Karachi. In vitro activity was determined by agar dilution method by using moxifloxacin and ciprofloxacin. The concentrations of these antibiotic used were 0.5 mg/L, 1 mg/L, 2 mg/L, 4 mg/L, 8 mg/L, 16 mg/L. In this study, the most common pathogens associated with SAP were Escherichia coli 39%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 32%, Staphylococcus aureus 20%, and Klebsiella spp. 10%. The concentrations of both drugs i.e.; Moxifloxacin and Ciprofloxacin were in range of 0.5mg/L to 16mg/L. Escherichia coli (11% against moxifloxacin and 17% against ciprofloxacin), Staphylococcus aureus (18% against moxifloxacin and 39% against ciprofloxacin), Klebsiella species (7% against Moxifloxacinand 14% against ciprofloxacin), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (48% against moxifloxacin and 50% against ciprofloxacin), at concentration of ≤16mg/L were found resistant against these two antibiotics which showed that moxifloxacin is more potent and effective as compare to ciprofloxacin against these isolates. However, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the only pathogen which showed marked resistance against the both antibiotics. It is concluded that, the clinical isolates collected were susceptible against both the antibiotics but the resistance pattern is increasing in our population which is a threat in the future. Therefore, it is recommended that the physicians may prescribe these antibiotics unless no other substitute is available in clinical practice. Thus, the moxifloxacin may potentially be effective chemotherapy in the management of severe acute pancreatitis and other complications of pancreas.

2 illus, 4 tables, 19 ref

019526   Borah B;Bharali R (Biotechnology Dep, Gauhati Univ, Gopinath Bordoloi Nagar, Guwahati-781 014, Email: rupjyoti.bharali@gauhati.ac.in) : In vitro evaluation of antioxidant activities and chemopreventive potential of Dillenia indica Linn fruit on DMBA induced skin papillomagenesis in mice. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(10), 4045-54.

Dillenia indica linn fruit, commonly known as elephant apple has indigenous use in various culinary dishes of Assam and it has a history of being used as traditional medicine. The present study was undertaken to evaluate its antioxidant and chemopreventive properties. Ethanolic extract of Dillenia indica fruit was used as experimental sample. Antioxidant activity was studied in vitro, at concentrations (20μg/ml, 40μg/ml, 60μg/ml, 80μg/ml, 100μg/ml) where it showed significant (p<60>0.05) inhibition of free radicals formation, hydroxyl radical and nitric oxide scavenging property and also reducing ability when compared with a standard antioxidant, ascorbic acid. Chemopreventive potential was evaluated in 8-10 weeks old swiss albino mice by giving a single tropical application of initiator- 7,12-dimethylbenza(a)anthracene (DMBA) at a concentration of 100μg/100μl acetone and promotion after 14 days by repeated application of croton oil (1% in acetone) thrice a week for 15 weeks. Oral application of D.indica at dose of 250 mg/kg body weight of mice selected after acute oral toxicity test, showed significant (p<60>0.05) reduction in DMBA induced mice skin papillomagenesis in (i) post-initiation group (oral dose given on the day of promotion) and (ii) pre+post initiation group (oral dose given 7 days before initiation and continued till the end of experiment). There was reduction in the total papilloma count, tumor yield, tumor burden and tumor incidence when compared with carcinogen control group. Inhibition of tumor formation upto 88.3% was found after 15 weeks of treatment which clearly shows the antitumor property of Dillenia indica fruit.

34 ref

019525   Bhandari P S;Bhandari R;Sah B K;Gyawali S; Bhusal M;Shrestha S;Shakya S (Market Plannint Dep, Everest Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd, Tinkune, Koteshwor, Nepal, Email: ssujyoti@gmail.com) : Antibacterial activity of methanolic extract of Mangifera indica (Bark) and Osyris lanceolata (leaves) from western region of Nepal. Int J Pharmac 2017, 4(6), 200-7.

Nature has been a source of medicinal agents since times immemorial. The importance of herbs in the management of human ailments cannot be over emphasized. Different extracts from traditional medicinal plants have been tested to identify the source of the therapeutic effects. As a result some natural products have been approved as new antibacterial drugs. The objective of this research is to find out the potent antibacterial agents from the selected medicinal plants: Mangifera indica and Osyris lanceolata of Rupandehi, and Palpa districts of Nepal. The Bark and Leaves of the plants Mangifera indica and Osyris lanceolata respectively were subjected to extraction by maceration process using solvent methanol. Screening of antibacterial activity was done by disc diffusion method against the microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at three different concentrations (1 mg/disc, 2 mg/disc and 4 mg/disc). Both plants showed potent antibacterial activity. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay were determined for the two extracts against these bacterias. The - 73 - concentration 4 mg/disc of M. indica showed maximum activity against both E. coli and S. aureus i.e., 11.16 ± 0.28 and 11.33 ± 0.29 respectively. Although both plants have exhibited best results against gram positive as well as gram negative bacteria, the crude extract of these plants further needs to be purified through antibacterial activity guided fractionation to isolate and identify the compounds responsible for the antibacterial activity. So, this study provides the platform to carry out further researches to give light upon specific compounds which are responsible for their antibacterial activities.

2 illus, 6 tables, 20 ref

019524   Banerjee S;Ball S;Bose S (Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dep, Gupta College of Technological Sciences, Ashram More, G.T. Road, Asansol-713 301, Email: subhasisbanerjee864@yahoo.com) : Insilico design of few allicin derivatives. J pharma Sci Tech 2016, 5(2), 71-7.

In search for a good lead, the contribution of natural products cannot be ignored. In our present study, considering the therapeutic importance of allicin, we have designed a series of 22 compounds based on the pharmacophoric features of allicin. Prior directing the study towards synthetic chemistry, as medicinal chemists were often confronted with painfully disappointing results and the realization dawned that the chemical space was too vast to be systemically explored experimentally. We have screened all the 22 compounds through molecular docking. In an effort to develop novel antifungal, the target enzyme chosen for the study is cytochrome P450 enzyme lanosterol-14-a-demethylase of Candida albicans. Binding mode analysis between docked compounds and the protein were analyzed using AutoDock 4.0. The conformer of compounds SB6, SB7, SB8 and SB9 were found in close proximity with the active site residue and their binding energy were comparable to the reference standard, allicin.

10 illus, 2 tables, 23 ref

019523   Balkrishna A;Hemanth Kumar M;Gupta A K (NO, Patanjali Natural Coloroma (P) Ltd, Padartha, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, Email: ashish_microbio@yahoo.co.in) : Comparative analysis of HPTLC, secondary metabolites and antioxidant activities of Tinospora cordifolia stem powders. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(10), 4263-71.

Aim of this study was to develop a HPTLC fingerprint profiles of Tinospora cordifolia stems powdered by different procedures viz; Sample 1 (fresh aqueous powder), 2 (freeze drying powder), 3 (aqueous freeze drying powder) and Sample 4 (dry powder). The study also includes qualitative, quantitative secondary metabolites and the antioxidant potential of all the samples. Result of various physiochemical and phytochemical screening shows a variation among all powdered stems. HPTLC profile revealed a similarity between the samples 1, 2 and 3 while sample 4 shows much lesser no. of constituents. TLC profile of all the samples followed a similar trend like HPTLC fingerprinting. Besides this, secondary metabolite profiles viz; total phenolics, flavonoids, proanthocyanidin and anthocyanidin content of these samples reveals that maximum phenolics and flavanoids content in sample 1 (51.5 μg GAE/mg Wt) and 3 (14.0 μg QE/mg - 72 - Wt). However, sample 4 was greatly enriched with maximum proanthocyanidin (27.7 μg CE/mg Wt) and anthocyanidin (175 μg CE/mg Wt) contents. Antioxidant potential of these powders was evaluated by total antioxidant, reducing power and DPPH assay which was maximum in sample 4 (170.8, 27.7 μg ascorbic acid/ mg Wt and 61.08% respectively). A positive correlation between the sum of polyphenolic content and total antioxidant activity were also checked. Sample 4 shows a maximum amount of polyphenols (213.31 μg /mg Wt) and total antioxidants (170.8 μg ascorbic acid/mg Wt) than others. The presence of high levels of polyphenolic contents could be a possible reason behind the higher amount of total antioxidants.

22 ref

019522   Balakrishnaiah P;Satyanarayana T (NO, Vignan Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Duvvada, Visakhapanam-530 049, Email: balakrishnaiahp@gmail.com) : Preparation and evaluation of polyherbal formulation for its antidiabetic activity against streptozotocin induced diabetes rat model. Int J Pharmac 2017, 4(5), 174-8.

The present work was executed to evaluate the anti-diabetic potency of a polyherbal preparation. The objective of this study is to induce experimental diabetes mellitus using streptozotocin in normal Albino wistar rats and study the antidiabetic activity of polyherbal formulation by comparison of changes in levels of glucose between normal and diabetic rats. The effect of methanol extract of poly herbal preparation containing aerial parts of Schrebera swietenoides, roots of Barleria montana and aerial parts of Rotula aquatica was investigated in normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The lowest blood glucose levels were observed at 4 and 8th hr after the oral administration of 150 and 300 mg/kg b.w polyherbal formulation. The blood glucose levels at 24hrs after the oral administration of 150 and 300 mg/kg b. w of poly herbal formulation was significantly lowers the blood glucose levels.

3 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

019521   Bal S;Yadav A;Verma N;Aggarwal N K;Gupta R (Biotechnology Dep, Kurukshetra Univ, Kurukshetra, Haryana, Email: ayadav@kuk.ac.in) : Ameliorative effect of eugenol and anethole on arsenic induced oxidative DNA damage in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Int J pharm Sci Drug Res 2017, 9(3), 134-8.

Arsenic contamination is one of the major health concerns all over the world and associated with various types of cancer and pathological effects. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a crucial role in arsenic mediated toxicity. Several studies have shown that population constantly exposed to arsenic have substantial oxidative stress that, in turn, induces DNA damage. In the present work eugenol and anethole were investigated - 71 - for their protective effect against arsenic mediated oxidative DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Comet assay and lipid peroxidation was used as biomarker of genotoxicity and oxidative stress respectively. A dose dependent increase in tail moment and lipid peroxidation was observed when lymphocytes were treated with sodium arsenite. Treatment of arsenic (50μM) along with eugenol (20μM) and anethole (50μM) showed a significant decrease in the tail moment and lipid peroxidation in cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes. The decrease in the tail moment and lipid peroxidation was significantly higher in combined supplementation of eugenol and anethole as compared to individual administration. The results of the present study suggests ameliorative role of eugenol and anethole against arsenic induced genotoxic and oxidative damage in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes.

2 illus, 2 tables, 24 ref

019520   Baishya H;Chidambaram A;Haitho Z (NO, Beijing Sciecure Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., North Shi Zhen in the North industrial area, shunyi district, Beijing. China. Post code: 101301, Email: himankar@sciecure.com) : Optimization of various process parameters for formulation of model anti-hyperlipidemic drug by using dry granulation method. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(10), 3959-70.

The Tablet manufacturing process is a complex process, influenced by several process variables The aim of this study was to optimize blending; roller compaction and tablets compression processes using design space approach for a model Anti- Hyperlipidemic drug Fluvastatin. During each processes there are several factors which may affect product quality. So the main objective of present work was to identify various parameters and optimize the parameter for formulation of better product which includes Blending time, Roller force, Compression force and machine speed which were recognized as critical process parameters and were evaluated. A scale up batch is taken to evaluate and optimize the parameters. Critical quality attributes like Blend uniformity, granules parameters, flow behavior, tablet appearance, impact on tablet physical parameters and in-vitro drug dissolution release profile is evaluated to optimize the parameters. The data & test results of blend, granules and tablets at various in-process phases were complied with the specified limits and finished product sample analysis results found to be complying within specifications. This study and results obtained assures that the manufacturing process is reproducible, robust and will yield consistent product, which meets specification.

8 ref

019519   Attanayake A P;Jayatilaka K A P W;Mudduwa L K B;Pathirana C (Biochemistry Dep, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhuna Univ, Karapitiya, Galle, Sri Lanka, Email: anoja715@yahoo.com) : In vivo antihyperlipidemic, antioxidative effects of Coccinia grandis (L.) voigt (cucurbitaceae) leaf extract: An approach to scrutinize the therapeutic benefits of traditional sri lankan medicines against diabetic complications. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(10), 3949-58.

Coccinia grandis (Linn.) Voigt (Cucurbitaceae) has been widely used for the management of diabetes mellitus in Sri - 70 - Lankan traditional medicine. The aim of the present study was to investigate antihyperlipidemic, antioxidative effects of the leaf extract of C. grandis in sterptozotocin induced diabetic rats and to standardize the leaf extract of C. grandis by standard analytical methods. The results showed that the concentration of serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly lower in C. grandis (0.75 g/kg) treated rats than in diabetic control rats (P <60> 0.05). In addition, an improvement in the antioxidant potential is also showed in C. grandis treated diabetic rats. P <60> 0.05). The polyphenolic compounds, alkaloids flavonoids, saponins and sterols/tritepenoids were present in the C. grandis extract. The results revealed that the aqueous leaf extract of C. grandis (0.75 g/kg) exerted antihyperlipidemic and antioxidative effects in diabetic rats, corroborating the therapeutic use of C. grandis leaf extract in the management of diabetic complications in traditional medicine.

48 ref

019518   Ali M;Jameel M;Mir S R;Sultana S (Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, P.O. Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi-110 062, Email: maliphyto@gmail.com ) : Chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Lantana indica Roxb.. Int J Pharmac 2017, 4(6), 193-9.

Lantana indica Roxb. (Verbenaceae) is grown as an ornamental plant in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The plant is used to treat asthma, abdominal disorders, bilious fever, cancer, catarrhal infections, chicken pox, eczema, hypertension, malaria, measles, swelling, rheumatism, tetanus and ulcers. Phytochemical investigation of a methanolic extract of the leaves led to isolate three new chemical constituents characterized n-heneitriacont-4-en-16β, 17β, 18β-triol (n-heneitriacontenol, 3), 6, 4'- dimethoxy- 7, 3'- dihydroxy flavone- 7- O- β-D-glucopyranoside (lantanaflavone 7-O-β-D-glucoside, 6), urs-12-en-3β-ol-28-oic acid 3β-D-glucopyranosyl-6'-octadecanoate (ursolic acid 3-O-β-D-glucosyl-6'-oleate, 8) along with five known compounds characterized as n- hexadecanyl oleate (1), n-octadecanyl oleate (2), oleanolic acid (4), ursolic acid (5) and oleanolic acid 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7). The structures of all the isolated phytoconstituents have been established on the basis of spectral data analysis and chemical reactions.

33 ref