018151   Gurule S A;Nikam S M (Maratha Vidya Prasarak Samaj's, Post Graduate Zoology Dep, K.T.H.M. College, Gangapur Road, Nashik, Maharashtra-422 002, Email: sachin.gurule@yahoo.com) : Moths (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) of Northern Maharashtra: a preliminary checklist. J Threatened Taxa 2013, 5(12), 4693-713.

2 illus, 2 tables, 39 ref

018150   Anil Kumar (High Altitude Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Solan-173 211, Email: anilsonta@gmail.com) : Physical characteristics and context of production of vocalizations in red-headed tit, Aegithalos concinnus (Aves: Aegithalidae). Ann For 2013, 21(1), 113-21.

In the present investigation, vocalizations of Red-headed Tit Aegithalos concinnus have been described. Vocal signals were recorded during March 2012 to April 2013 at three different localities in Himachal Pradesh. Behavioural observations and bio-acoustic analysis of the signals revealed the occurrence of two categories of alarm calls, two types of begging calls and song (with some variations) in this species. All categories of vocalizations had distinct physical characteristics, acoustical features and context of production.

4 illus, 35 ref

017250   Zafar F H S;Ayub Z (Zoology Dep, Karachi Univ, Karachi-75270, Pakistan, Email: fatimahamood@yahoo.com) : Allometric variations and condition factor in Cellana karachiensis (Winckworh, 1930) found at two adjacent rocky coasts of Karachi, Pakistan. Indian J Geomar Sci 2013, 42(6), 794-9.

Length-length and length-weight relationship and condition factor is described for Cellana karachiensis (Winckworth, 1930) collected between November 2007 and April 2009 from rocky shores of Buleji and Paradise Point. Maximum total length registered for this species was 50 mm at Buleji and 40 mm at Paradise Point. Shell length-shell width, shell length-shell height and shell width-shell height showed strong relationship between the variables. Shell length-shell height relationships for C. karachiensis showed a positive allometry, which is common in high-shore limpets in order to lower the rate of water loss in these animals. Value of b, the value of b <62> 3.0 for shell length and weight relationship indicated a positive allometric growth in C. karachiensis at both sites. Analysis of variance showed significant difference between the value of b during different seasons at Buleji and Paradise Point. Condition factor (CF) calculated for C. karachiensis ranged between 1.007 to 1.108 at Buleji and 1.008 to 1.064 at Paradise Point. Analysis of variance showed no significant difference between CF values in different seasons at two sites. A similar condition factor in different seasons showed that food availability remained constant throughout the year in coastal waters of Pakistan.

5 illus, 1 table, 19 ref

017249   Vasave M V (Zoology Dep, J.J.T. Univ, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan) : Parasitic helminthes infection and anemia among growing children in Nandurbar district, Maharashtra. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2013, 2(6), 81-6.

Aim of this study was to determine prevalence of intestinal helminthes infection in children. The stool sample was collected from children from urban as well as rural areas. The sample were collected and transported to field laboratory were ova and cyst tested by using direct saline and iodine wet preparation method infection by at least one intestinal helminthes was found in sample population. The prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides, Hymenolepis nana, Ancylostoma duodenale and taenia species light to moderate intensity of infection was observed. The age group, rural or urban residence, type of water source, boiled or unboiled water, type of defection site level of personal hygiene and maternal education were associated with helminth infection.

2 tables, 13 ref

017248   Varghese S P;Somvanshi V S;Gulati D K (NO, Cochin Vase of Fishery Survey of India, iPB No. 853, XIII/488, Kochangadi, Koci-682 005, Email: varghesefsi@hotmail.com) : Ontogenic and seasonal variations in the feeding ecology of Indo-Pacific sailfish, Istiophorus platypterus (Shaw, 1792), of the Eastern Arabian sea. Indian J Geomar Sci 2013, 42(5), 593-605.

Present study consists the studies on the stomach contents of Indo-Pacific sailfish, Istiophorus platypterus (Shaw, 1792), caught during tuna longline survey conducted in the western Indian EEZ (eastern Arabian Sea) between 2006 and 2009 to investigate the sexual, ontogenetic and seasonal effects in the diet. Stomachs of 290 specimens in the forklength range of 101-261 cm were examined, of which 38 (13.10%) were empty. Prey composition was assessed in terms of occurrence by number, frequency of occurrence, weight and Index of Relative Importance. Quantile regression techniques were used to determine the mean and upper and lower bounds of the relation between prey size and sailfish length. Diet was dominated by teleost fishes, followed by cephalopods while crustaceans were represented in limited instances. Purpleback flying squid, Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis, was the most preferred prey species. Other important prey species identified were Euthynnus affinis, Cubiceps pauciradiatus, Gempylus serpens and Onychoteuthis banksii. Diet did not varied by sex, but the ontogenetic and seasonal variations in diet were significant. The maximum and mean size of prey increased with length of sailfish. However, relatively smaller prey constituted bulk of sailfish diet and even large specimens consumed small prey.

7 illus, 3 tables, 55 ref

017247   Trivedi J N;Vachhrajani K D (Marine Biodiversity and Ecology Lab, Zoology Dep, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao Baroda Univ, Gujarat, Email: kauresh@gmail.com) : Study of color morphs of Brachyuran crab Etisus laevimanus Randall, 1840. Indian J Geomar Sci 2013, 42(5), 659-64.

Present study consists the color polymorphism in brachyuran crab Etisus laevimanus Randall, 1840, which is common species found on the rocky shores of indo-pacific region. Total 83 specimens were collected from four different rocky shore sites of Saurashtra coast. Seven different morphs including orange morph, orange morph with brown dots on carapace, green morph, white morph with brown markings on carapace, yellow morph with brown markings on carapace, orange morph with white stripe on carapace and green morph with black spot on carapace were identified. Yellow morph with brown markings on carapace was the most common morph while green morph with black spot on carapace was rare morph found in the study area. Morphs also show peculiar micro habitat preference.

2 illus, 23 ref

017246   Swaroop S;Banerjee M;Sahu A;Ahmed T (Molecular and Human Genetics Laboratory, Zoology Dep, Lucknow Univ, Lucknow-226 007) : Role of type 2 diabetes in male hypogonadism. Flora Fauna 2013, 19(1), 187-8.

Sexual dysfunction is distressingly common in diabetic men and can result from varied causes out of which late onset hypogonadism is most common. The aim of the study was to determine the role of type 2 diabetes in prevalence of male hypogonadism by comparing the levels of important male sexual biomarkers. It was found that middle aged and elderly diabetic men had highest prevalence of hypogonadism as compared to their healthy (non-diabetic) counterparts.

2 tables, 6 ref

017245   Subramanean J;Reddy M V (Ecology and Environmental Sciences Dep, Pondicherry Univ, Puducherry-605 014, Email: venkateshsrinivas1@gmail.com) : Monitor lizards and geckos used in traditional medicine face extinction and need protection. Curr Sci 2012, 102(9), 1248-9.

^ssc1 illus, 7 ref

017244   Singh S;Chowdhary A K;Rawat Rana A;Bahuguna S N (Zoology Dep, Govt. P.G. College, Rishikesh, Dehradun-249 201, Email: profsnbahuguna@rediffmail.com) : Length (height)/width-weight relationship of Potamon koolooense collected from lower Himalayan aquatic environment, Uttarakhand, India. Flora Fauna 2013, 19(1), 151-7.

The paper dealt with the study of freshwater crab Potamon koolooense collected from lower North Himalayan Garhwal foothill water bodies. Total 228 crabs were sampled and sorted out into 122 males and 106 females based on the shape of their abdomens and pleopods. The carapace length (height) ranged from 1.2 cm to 4.9 cm, width from 1.5 cm to 5.9 cm and weight from 1.08 g to 65.62g. Allometric growth pattern was observed in both the sexes as the slope value 'b' calculated from the data was less than 3. The regression equations for length (height)-weight and width-weight relationship in crabs were obtained as Y=2.045X+2.066, Y=1.522X+0.392 and Y = 2.680X-0.319, Y=2.202X-0.023 for males and females respectively. Analysis of variance using (f-test) showed significant difference between slope values of regression equations on length (height)/width-weight data for the crab.

3 illus, 3 tables, 17 ref

017243   Singh K;Singh I;Tripathi R B (Zoology Dep, K.N.I.P.S.S., Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh) : Seasonal variation of zoobenthos population in relation to physico-chemical characteristics of water of Kohar Gaddi dam, district Balrampur (Uttar Pradesh). Flora Fauna 2013, 19(1), 107-10.

The present paper deals with the variation of Zoobenthos in Kohargaddi dam in relation to physico-chemical properties. The biotic interference in the dam affects the water quality, bringing changes in the physico-chemical parameters, which directly influence the biotic composition of Zoobenthos. Water temperature showed minimum value of 17.3°C during winter. pH was minimum (7.0) during early summer and highest (8.7) during winter. Dissolved oxygen was maximum (21.5 ppm) during winter and minimum (10.0 ppm) during spring month. The Zoobenthos of Kohargaddi dam exhibited luxuriant growth in spring and summer season, whereas, they were less abundant in winter season.

2 tables, 15 ref

017242   Shinde S M R;Shamrao S;Nanware;Bhure D B (Post Graduate Zoology Dep, Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya, Nanded-431 602) : Taxonomic observation of new mamalian tapeworm Avitellina<. Flora Fauna 2013, 19(1), 138-44.

The investigation dealt with taxonomic observation of new mammalian tapeworm of genus Avitellina, viz. A. singhii sp. nov. collected from Capra hircus from Udgir, Dist. Latur (M.S.) India. The present form comes closer to all the known species to the genus Avitelllina in general topography of organ but differs due to scolex large, quadrangular, suckers medium, oval in shape, muscular, arranged in a line, neck short, mature proglottids 8-10 times broader than long, testes small in size, oval to rounded in shape, 35-40 in numbers, arranged in four groups, cirrus pouch small, oval, genital pore oval to rounded, marginal, Vagina posterior to cirrus pouch, ovary compact, longitudinal excretory canals are paired, narrow, situated either side of the segment, gravid proglottids 5-6 times broader than long and Paruterine organs are present one in each segment.

2 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

017241   Sen J;Siddiqui S F (NO, Pt. Vasudev Tiwari Girls Degree College, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, Email: jagmohan.sen@gmail.com ) : New gorgoderid trematode of genus Phyllodistomum (digenea: gorgoderidae), a parasite of fresh water fish, Xenentodon cancila (BL.) from Matatila reservoir, Jhansi, India. Flora Fauna 2013, 19(1), 158-60.

The present investigation was carried out on helminth parasites of Bundelkhand Region of Jhansi. The digenetic trematode, Phyllodistomum laxmibai n.sp. is described from the intestine of Xenentodon cancila from Matatila Reservoir, Jhansi. The new form Phyllodistomum laxrnibai n.sp. characterized by, oral sucker terminal, spherical, smaller than acetabulum; oesophagus tubular; vitelline glands two, unequal, bean shaped, lying behind ventral sucker one on each side; posterior vitelline gland is larger than anterior one; testes, deeply lobed, intercaecal, sub-equal, tandem; ovary, lobed, pre-testicular, parallel to anterior testis; seminal vesical, pre-acetabular, tube like in appearance; genital pore median just below the intestinal bifurcation; excretory bladder, tubular, excretory pore median and eggs oval, non-operculated.

1 illus, 11 ref

017240   Saxena A (Zoology Dep, Govt. Science College, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh) : Lepidopteran diversity at the botanical garden of Govt. Science College, Rewa (Madhya Pradesh) India. Flora Fauna 2013, 19(1), 89-92.

For this piece of research work the Botanical garden of Govt Science College, Rewa (M. P) was chosen as site because of its diverse flora, minimum human interference and maintained conditions assured for the rich entomodiversity. While studying the lepidopteran diversity, 55 insect species were recorded belonging to 16 families among which family Nymphalidae was the richest having 11 sps., while families Cossidae Geometridae, Syntomidae and Hypsidae were represented by a single member each.

1 table, 8 ref

017239   Sawant B T;Chakraborty S K;Jaiswar A K;Panda D;Bhagabati S K;Sawant P B (NO, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Andheri (West), Mumbai-400 061, Email: bhweshsawant@gmail.com) : Population parameters of the catfishes, Arius caelatus (Valenciennes, 1830) and Arius tenuispinis (Day, 1877) from Mumbai waters. Indian J Geomar Sci 2013, 42(6), 775-80.

Population parameters like growth, mortality, exploitation rate and length at first capture of Arius caelatus and A. tenuispinis from Mumbai waters were investigated to derive information required for their management. Asymptotic length (L∞) and growth coefficient (K) were calculated as 520 mm and 0.70 year^-1 for A. caelatus and 550 mm and 0.73 year^-1 for A. tenuispinis, respectively. Instantaneous rate of total, natural and fishing mortalities were estimated to be 2.37, 1.18 and 1.19 for A. caelatus and 2.42, 1.19 and 1.23 for A. tenuispinis, respectively. Size at first capture was estimated as 274 mm for A. caelatus and 268 mm for A. tenuispinis. Exploitation ratio (E) was found to be at optimum level for both A. caelatus (0.5) and A. tenuispinis (0.51), indicating the stocks are exploited at optimum level and can be fished sustainably in years to come.

5 illus, 2 tables, 23 ref

017238   Sahu L K (NO, Physical Research Laboratory, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad-380 009, Email: lokesh@prl.res.in) : Volatile organic compounds and their measurements in the troposphere. Curr Sci 2012, 102(12), 1645-9.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are ubiquitous atmospheric constituents of both anthropogenic and natural origin. VOCs are important precursors of tropospheric ozone (O₃), and can impact air quality and global climate. Most of primary VOCs and their oxidized products makeup a major fraction of secondary pollutants in urbanized regions. Due to fast reaction rates mainly with the hydroxyl radical (OH), the VOCs control the oxidizing capacity of the troposphere. Measurements of VOCs are important to study the photochemical transformation, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Many aspects of VOCs in the atmosphere remain poorly understood - these include the detection and quantification of by-products of VOCs, their oxidation reactions and their role in oxidant and secondary aerosol formation. In the photochemistry of tropical troposphere, VOCs play a key role due to high abundance of water vapour (H₂O) and intense solar radiation flux. Measurements of these species are rare over the Indian subcontinent and surrounding marine regions. Traditionally, gas chromatography-based methods have been used for the detection of VOCs. Recently, the fast time response and sensitive techniques like proton-transfer reaction mass spectrometer are the emerging tools to detect trace levels of various VOCs in the atmosphere.

2 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

017237   Prabhakaran M P;Jayachandran P R;Bijoy Nandan S (Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry Dep, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin Science and Technology Univ, Foreshore Road, Kochi-682 016, Email: prabhusagar@gmail.com) : New record of Scapharca cornea (Bivalvia:Pteriomorpha:Arcidae) from Minicoy Lagoon, Lakshadweep, India. Curr Sci 2012, 102(11), 1516-8.

^ssc4 illus, 32 ref

017236   Nemade R P;Patil N B (Zoology Dep, Dhanaji Nana Mahavidyalaya, Faizpur-425 503, Email: rajshrinemade@in.com) : Effect of organochlorin on glycogen content in different tissues of the fresh water prosobranch terebia lineata (Gray). Asian J chem envir Res 2013, 6(1-2), 80-3.

Fresh water Terebia lineata in acute and Chronic modes of organochlorin. Thiodan (Endalwfan 35% EC). Effect of organochlorin pesticide on the total glycogen content in different tissues Mantle, foot, hepatopancreas and whole body a fresh water Terebia lineata. The animal exposed to 0.40 ppm. Thiodan as chronic treatment and 0.425 ppm. as acute treatment. It was found that there was a decrease in glycogen content in various tissues as compared to control. Decrease in glycogen content indicates greater utilization of glycogen for metabolic purposes and too combat with Thiodan stress. The significant increase in glycogen content in hepatopancrease may be a reaction to the increase in energy demand.

2 tables, 8 ref

017235   Mondal T;Raghunathan C;Venkataraman K (Zoological Survey of India, Andaman & Nicobar Regional Centre, National Coral Reef Research Instit, Port Blair-744 102, Email: t_genetics@yahoo.com) : Phenotypic plasticity of Cycloseris somervillei (Scleractinia: Fungiidae) in Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Indian J Geomar Sci 2013, 42(5), 611-6.

Fringing reefs of Andaman & Nicobar group of islands harbor 45 species of mushroom corals species up to the depth of 30 m. An individual of Cycloseris somervillei (Gardiner, 1909) was sampled from five study areas. Seven different morphological characters of each specimen of the target species were measured. Those characters were differed significantly among the specimens of study sites. Environmental parameter viz. temperature and rainfall was also measured to make a correlation between morphological differences and environmental factors. Depth plays a crucial role in the alteration of structural conformation. Underwater visibility also has an impact on the structural variation of the same species at different sites. This paper deals with the morphological variation of a species of mushroom coral i. e. Cycloseris somervillei in response to the environmental clues.

3 illus, 3 tables, 42 ref

017234   Menon J S;Mahajan S V (Biology Dep, Maharashtra College of Arts, Science and Commerce, 246/A, J.B.B. Marg, Mumbai Central, Mumbai-400 608, Email: menonjayu72@hotmail.com) : Mercury accumulation in different tissues of fish from Ulhas river estuary and Thane creek and the pattern of fish consumption among fish-eaters. Indian J Geomar Sci 2013, 42(6), 812-6.

Survey of fish-eating populations in five villages along Ulhas river estuary and Thane creek indicated inter-village differences in parts of fish consumed. Differential tissue analysis indicated higher Hg levels in gills, kidney and skin (0.895-1.118 μg/g), moderate levels in liver, bones and muscles (0.21-0.37 μg/g) and low levels in eyes and brain (0.04-0.093 μg/g). Skin and kidneys having elevated levels of Hg are commonly consumed by all. Pattern of fish consumption among villagers revealed that populations of Alimgarh and Diwe-Kewni villages consuming whole fish are exposed to high Hg concentration whereas populations of Vittawa and Airoli consuming only muscles are exposed to lower concentrations of Hg. In Wehele, a mixed population is observed as far as parts of fish consumed are concerned and therefore are exposed to Hg in moderate levels.

3 illus, 18 ref

017233   Manoharan D;Isaiarasu L;Suresh Kumar R (Post Graduate and Research Zoology Dep, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College, Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu) : Zooplankton diversity of three temple ponds in Tiruparankundram, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India. Asian J biochem pharm Res 2013, 3(2), 158-68.

Qualitative and quantitative study of zooplankton in the surface waters of three temple ponds located in Thirupparankundram near Madurai was carried out for a period of six months from September 2009 to February 2010. This study revealed the occurrence of zooplankton species belonging to Copepoda, Rotifera, Cladocera and Ostracoda. Mesocyclops hyalinus and Brachionus angularis were the dominant species comprising 70 percent of the zooplankton community in these ponds. This was followed by Brachionus calyciflorus (68.5%), Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides (63.8%), Moina brachiata (11.1%), and Stenocypris major (8.4%). The diversity indices worked out showed marked differences over the different parameters. The differences in the diversity of zooplankton and the variations in different parameters are discussed.

6 tables, 18 ref

017232   Mahobiya P;Bhide M (Zoology Dep, Dr. H.S. Gour (Central) Univ, Sagar-470 002, Email: payalchitra@gmail.com) : Effect of plant glycosides on embryonic development upto hatching of the fresh water snail, Lymnaea stagnalis. Flora Fauna 2013, 19(1), 119-24.

In the investigation, egg masses of Lymnaea stagnalis were treated with different concentrations of glycoside of Cassia fistula. The values of LC₀, LC₅₀, LC₁₀₀ and sub-lethal concentrations were detected out and data were summarized in Table and Graph. Present investigation has also been taken to study the effect of glycoside of Cassia fistula on different developmental stages of Lymnaea stagnalis. It is very essential to control the fertility, hatchability, viability by increasing the rate of mortality and decline, the rate of longevity of these snails, so this investigation was made to know more about the intoxication of glycoside of Cassia fistula on the mortality and survivality of hatched young snail of this experimental pest snail.

1 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

017231   Lagade V M;Taware S S;Muley D V (Zoology Dep, Shivaji Univ, Kolhapur-416 004, Email: vmlagade47@rediffmail.com) : Commercial harvesting and economy of edible clam species in Bhatye estuary, Ratnagiri (Maharashtra), India. Indian J Geomar Sci 2013, 42(5), 665-9.

Present study consists the annual harvesting and economics of commercially important edible clam species from Bhatye estuary, Ratnagiri (M.S.). Data collected by field and household survey and results were interpreted in two periods viz. July-Dec, 2008 and Jan-June, 2009. In Bhatye estuary, K. opima, M. meretrix, M. casta, P. laterisulca and P. textile are 05 edible clam species dominantly occurred while these species are commercially harvested on large scale by fishers of Bhatye village. Out of 350 families in village; 15.14% (53) families with 63 individuals engaged in clam fishing. Among this male individual's contribution was maximum than females. Annually 60.354 tones of catch were harvested by fishers. Maximum catch was harvested during Jan-June rather than Aug-Dec. In species wise catch, the Meretrix sps. were highly exploited than Paphia and Katelysia sp. respectively. Higher income was received from the above during Jan-June period. Meretrix clam received maximum income respect to other species.

23 ref

017230   Khare R K;Srivastav A K;Singh M;Sahu V K (Parasitological Laboratory, Zoology Dep, Bipin Bihari (P.G.) College, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh) : On a new cestode, Bovienia (Inverta) singhi N. Subg., n.sp. from a freshwater catfish, Clarias batrachus from (Uttar Pradesh) India. Flora Fauna 2013, 19(1), 145-7.

A new cestode, Bovienia (Inverta) singhi n. subg., n.sp. from intestine of a freshwater catfish, Clarias batrachus (Linn.) has been reported from Baruasagar, district Jhansi (U.P.) India. Salient feature of the present form is the presence of inverted A- shaped ovary.

1 illus, 2 ref

017229   Kaumanns W;Mewa Singh (NO, LTM Conservation and Research, Eschenweg 5, 37130 Gleichen, Germany, Email: mewasingh@bsnl.in) : Social relationships among lion-tailed macaque (Macaca silenus) males in differently structured social units. Curr Sci 2012, 102(10), 1451-5.

There is a need to study male-male relationships since models on the evolution of social relationships among primates have mainly focused on females. In this study aspects of the social relationships among liontailed macaque males in differently structured social units have been studied. The units include three heterosexual groups with (i) one adult, one subadult, and eight juvenile males; (ii) two adult males, one of which was castrated and (iii) two adult males and a subadult male compared under two different conditions, viz. in a small indoor and a much larger outdoor enclosure. The studies used focal animal sampling and covered minimally three months each. In the first study, over 40% agonistic interactions occurred between adult and subadult males. The interactions with juvenile males were largely of affiliative nature. The castrated male received lower aggression than the normal subadult male. The males showed more aggressive behaviour in the outdoor than in the indoor enclosure. In the latter condition, however, the males showed more disturbed behaviour. Observations from field studies, earlier attempts at establishing captive allmale groups, and The study point to a high degree of social intolerance among adult lion-tailed macaque males. Therefore, the establishment of allmale groups in the zoos does not appear to be possible. However, due to the fact that the males, especially the related males, show largely affiliative behaviours, it is possible to maintain all-male groups, preferably of individuals from the same groups, up to subadulthood.

3 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

017228   Kalaisekar A;Ramamurthy V V;Patil J V; Dhandapani A;Thakur N S A (NO, Directorate of Sorghum Research, Hyderabad-500 030, Email: drkalaisekar@rediffmail.com) : Multivariate morphometrics of elytral colour polymorphism in seven-spotted ladybird beetle, Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera:Coccinellidae). Curr Sci 2012, 102(10), 1418-25.

Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus exhibits three kinds of elytral coloration in cereal agroecosystems, especially in wheat cultivated in the northern plains of India. A multivariate morphometric study was conducted to see if any difference exists in the morphological make-up of the three elytral colour morphs, using multivariate statistical analyses. The results showed that the observed elytral colour variation has a strong morphological basis. The major sources of morphological variation are mainly concentrated on the legs. The study reveals existence of stable elytral colour polymorphic populations in C. septempunctata.

3 illus, 5 tables, 70 ref

017227   Kakde V R (Zoology Dep, Jijamata Mahavidyalaya, Buldana-443 001, Email: vrkakde@gmail.com) : Checklist of avian fauna at and around the Buldana town (Maharashtra). Flora Fauna 2013, 19(1), 97-100.

The study gives information about the common and scientific names, status and occurrence of the birds. This includes 71 species of resident birds, 14 species of seasonal local migrant, 09 species of winter visitor birds and species food habitats are frutivorous, insectivorous, grainivorous, carnivorous, picivorous and omnivorous.

14 ref

017226   Jadhav S;Suryawanshi V (Research Laboratory Zoology Dep, New Arts, Commerce and Science College, Ahmednagar-414 001) : Changes of acid phosphatase activity and specific activity in Drosophila melanogaster during metamorphosis. Flora Fauna 2013, 19(1), 129-32.

In Drosophila melanogaster changes in the lysosomal enzyme acid phosphatase activity was studied in the whole body homogenate during various stages of development. The total enzyme activity was high during the egg stage, but declined after hatching. It showed further decrease during larval stages and increase in the final instar. The avtivity further showed a dramatic rise during the pupal and adult stage. During pupal stage the specific activity characteristically increased might be due. to the fact that the larval tissues are histolysed and reorganized into adult structures. In present studies the specific activity was relatively very low during the egg stage and early larval instars which might probably be attributed to the large amount of proteins stored in the body at this period.

3 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

017225   Ghosh S;Rao M V H;Sumithrudu S;Rohit P; Maheswarudu G (NO, Visakhapatnam Regional Centre of CMFRI, Visakhapatnam-530 003, Email: subhadeep_1977@yahoo.com) : Reproductive biology and population characteristics of Sardinella gibbosa and Sardinella fimbriata from North West Bay of Bengal. Indian J Geomar Sci 2013, 42(6), 758-69.

Reproductive biology and population characteristics of Sardinella gibbosa and Sardinella fimbriata landed by gill netters from north west Bay of Bengal was studied during 2005 - 2010. Average annual catch was 21080 t, in which the contribution of S. gibbosa was 12790 t and the contribution of S. fimbriata was 8290 t. SST, rainfall and chlorophyll a were found to affect the annual catch of lesser sardines. Length weight relation showed differential growth between adults and indeterminates for both the species. Overall sex ratio varied between 1:1.28 to 1:1.33 for S. gibbosa and between 1:1.02 to 1:1.025 for S. fimbriata with length at first maturity of 13.03 cm for S. gibbosa and 13.27 cm for S. fimbriata. Peak spawning season was February - April for S. gibbosa and May - July for S. fimbriata. Total fecundity ranged between 12786 ova to 68377 ova for S. gibbosa and between 11066 ova to 60981 ova for S. fimbriata. Mature ovaries in lesser sardines contained both immature and mature ova. Von Bertalanffy growth equation was L_t = 20.7 [1 - e^{- 0.96 (t + 0.018)}] for S. gibbosa and Lt = 20.7 [1 - e^{- 0.85 (t + 0.023)}] for S. fimbriata. Natural mortality, fishing mortality, total mortality and exploitation rate were 1.90, 3.56, 5.46 and 0.65 for S. gibbosa and 1.75, 2.57, 4.32 and 0.59 for S. fimbriata, respectively. A higher value of E than E0.5 for both Sardinella gibbosa and Sardinella fimbriata and a lower value of Maximum Sustainable Yield than annual average catch indicate intensive fishing of lesser sardines along north west Bay of Bengal.

9 illus, 6 tables, 37 ref

017224   El-Sayed Ali T;Al-Ghanim K;Legler J (Oceanography Dep, Faculty of Science, Alexandria Univ, Alexandria, Egypt, Email: tameraly@yahoo.com) : Novel non-estrogenic endpoints of alkylphenol toxicity in fish. Indian J Geomar Sci 2013, 42(6), 770-4.

Evidence of the severe effects of alkylphenols (APs) on different fish species exists in a number of axes including endocrine and non-endocrine as well. Present study demonstrates the non-estrogenic attribution of AP in fish species. Confirming this non-estrogenic action of alkylphenols, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were subjected to different doses of APs to study the effect of such class of chemicals on the fish embryogenesis during the first 120 hours of fertilization.

1 illus, 110 ref

017223   Dharmapala B (Plant Biotechnology Dep, School of Biosciences, Mar Athanasios College for Advanced Studies, Tiruvalla-689 101, Email: biju@macfast.org) : Ban on animal dissection a bane to life science education. Curr Sci 2012, 102(9), 1245-6.

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017222   Das S N;Ghazi R R (Zoology Dep, Karachi Univ, Karachi-75270) : Lubens roseusi sp. nov. (Trematoda: Dicrocoeliidae) from Sturnus roseus (Rosy pastor) in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Flora Fauna 2013, 19(1), 101-4.

A new species roseusi belongs to the genus Lubens^7,10 and collected from the Gall bladder of the bird Sturnus roseus (Rosy pastor) purchased from Landhi Bird Market, Karachi, Pakistan. The new species is characterized by having Slender body, elongated at both extremities, being gradually attenuated posteriorly. Maximum width acquired in the preequatorial, testicular region. Moderately long esophagus. Acetabulum nearly twice the size of oral sucker, the sucker ratio being 1:2.1. The testes are preequatorial, behind the ventral sucker. Cirrcus sac is pyriform, elongated, extends well below the caecal bifurcation. Genital pore below the pharynx. Ovary smaller, and post testicular.

4 illus, 12 ref

017221   Bose S;Das V K (Zoology Dep, Ganpat Sahai Post Graduate College, Sultanpur-228 001) : Morphological study of calcium regulating glands in yellow footed green pigeon, Treron phoenicoptera phoenicoptera (Latham). GERF Bull Biosci 2012, 3(1), 1-6.

Treron phoenicoptera phoenicoptera belongs to order Columbiformes, a resident of northern India. The bird is studied for Gross morphology of Thyroid, PTG, UBG and CB. It has a pair of CB, two pairs of PTGs and a diffused mass of UBG situated more or less linearly caudal to elongated thyroid on both sides of trachea, closely applied to common carotid artery. Anterior PTG (III) is close to thyroid while, posterior PTG (IV) is close to origin point of carotid artery. PTG III receives its blood supply from a branch of carotid body artery and PTG IV from parathyroid artery. Histologically PTG of the bird has parenchyma chief cells arranged in irregular groups of compact cords separated by thin layer of connective tissue, traversed by capillaries and nerve fibers. Oxyphil cells are not present. UBG in the bird is present as diffused mass. A lobe of UBG is located caudal to thyroid. A small mass caudal to PTG III and a large lobe is present caudal to PTG IV. The anterior most mass receives its blood supply from a branch of carotid body artery, while posterior two masses receive branches of parathyroid artery. Histologically UBG has glandular parenchyma of epithelial cells forming whorls and follicles lined by cuboidal epithelium. Cell cords are embedded in discontinuous frame work of connective tissue stroma, well supplied by blood vessels and nerve fibers.

5 illus, 27 ref

017220   Bhure D B;Nanware S S;Barshe M U;Deshmukh V S;Karaile S P (PG Zoology Dep, Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya, Nanded-431 602, Email: drajbhure82@gmail.com) : Population dynamics of caryophyllidean tapeworms from freshwater fish Clarias batrachus. Flora Fauna 2013, 19(1), 161-6.

The investigation dealt with the population dynamics of Caryophyllidean tapeworms of freshwater fish Clarias batrachus from different places of Nanded and Latur District M.S.India. Total 101 cestode parasites were recovered from 79 (43.88%) fishes out of 180 examined. The collected cestode parasites included 06 species of the genus Lytocestus and 05 species of the genus Lytocestoides. This report summarizes the percentage of incidence, intensity, density and index of infection. The high incidence occurred in winter season as compared to other seasons due to the effect of environmental factors.

2 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

017219   Arumugam M;Giji S;Tamilmozhi S;Sunil Kumar; Balasubramanian T (Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculy of Marine Sciences, Annamalai Univ, Parangipettai-608 502, Email: arucasmb@gmail.com) : Biochemical and biological properties of turrids venom (Turricula javana and Lophiotoma indica). Indian J Geomar Sci 2013, 42(6), 800-06.

Turritoxins were isolated from the venom ducts of Turrid snails Turricula javana and Lophiotoma indica collected from Parangipettai waters, south east coast of India. Venom duct yield 1 g/Kg was dissected from both the species. Crude venom exhibited protein concentration of 0.138mg/ml and 6mg/ml respectively. Venom containing toxicity was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and revealed their protein bands with an apparent molecular weight of 25 kDa, 41 kDa and 95 kDa for T. javana and 28 kDa and 66 kDa for L. indica. Many components with molecular mass ranging 29-97kDa exhibited prominent caseinolytic and gelatinolytic activities with prominent hemolytic acitivty upto the dilution of 10^-6. The lethal concentration, LC₅₀ was determined in Artemia salina. In addition, the quantitative status of free amino acids was performed through HPTLC. Presence of peptides was revealed by using HPLC, which was indicative of viable biological properties.

6 illus, 1 table, 35 ref

017218   Altaff K;Janakiraman A (Unit of Reproductive Biology and Live Feed Culture, P.G. & Research Zo, The New College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Email: kaltaff@rediffmail.com) : Impact of different feeds on cannibalism in early larval stages of Koi carp (Cyprinus carpio). J appl Biol Biotechnol 2013, 1(4), 35-9.

Koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) is one of the commercially important ornamental fishes and reared in cottage industry for domestic and export market in many countries. In hatchery larval rearing, provision of suitable feed and control of cannibalism are the prime factors which govern the growth and survival of this species. In The study, growth and survival of early larval stages of Koi carp were evaluated by feeding them with different zooplankton like rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis), cladoceran (Ceriodaphnia reticulata), copepod (Apocyclops dengizicus), mixture of these three zooplankton and the pelletized feed. Feeding trials were conducted in triplicate for three weeks. Results indicated higher survival and growth performance of larvae fed with rotifer, copepod and mixed zooplankton than those fed with cladoceran and pellet feed. Cannibalism is predominantly observed in the larvae ranging in length from 9.00 to 16.00 mm. Higher percentage of cannibalism was recorded in pellet- and cladoceran-fed larvae than in other feeds experimented. To improve the economics of Koi carp culture in hatcheries, use of rotifer (B. plicatilis) and copepod (A. dengizicus) feed is recommended that provides better growth and survival performance as well as less cannibalism.

2 illus, 2 tabls, 35 ref

016207   Tiwari R K (Zoology Dep, V.G.P.G. College, Dibiyapur, Auraiya-206 244) : Effect of thermal stress on the pathological changes in fish life. Adv Life Sci 2012, 1(2), 176-7.

Tissue of heart was taken to observe the effect of thermal stress for prolonged periods. In testis the cold stress caused shrinkage is inter cellular space and size of seminiferous tubules and in ovary at heat stress at 18 hrs. and 24 hrs. caused swelling of ovarian follicle and appearance of large black dot like structure cold stress caused shrinkage in size of ovarian follicle. However, the thermal stress applied for prolonged period in the form of heat or cold stress is always unfavorable to the breeding rate of H. fossilis. Temperature related stresses are very important environment stress, as during summer and winter there are excessive rise and false in the environmental temperature more over, thermal stress applied by earlier worker are in the form of acute stress by sudden transfer of the fish to varying temperature. Thus they amount to be more as shock than stress. The Magnitude of initial effect varies with the amount of temperature changes.

016206   Tiple A D;Paunikar S;Talmale S S (Forest Entomology Div, Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur-482 021, Email: ashishditple@yahoo.co.in) : Dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata:Insecta) of Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, Central India. J Threatened Taxa 2012, 4(4), 2529-33.

1 table, 15 ref

016205   Thapa S;Subedi P;Singh N B;Pearch M J (Central Zoology Dep, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan Univ, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal, Email: sanjan_thapa@yahoo.com) : First record of Scoozous dormeri Dobson, 1875 from Nepal with new locality records of Pipistrellus coromandra (Gray, 1838) and P. tenuis (Temminck, 1840) (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). J Threatened Taxa 2012, 4(4), 2481-9.

Between September 2008 and September 2010, faunal surveys were carried out by the first author in Paschim Kusaha V.D.C. (Village Development Committee) in the buffer zone of Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve in south-eastern Nepal. The surveys resulted in the collection of three species of vespertilionid bats, which included the first record from Nepal of Dormer's Pipistrelle Scotozous dormeri Dobson, 1875. A brief description is given of the external, cranial, and dental characters of each of the three species collected and the bacula of Pipistrellus coromandra and P. tenuis are illustrated.

3 illus, 3 tables, 28 ref

016204   Sreeraj C R;Sivaperuman C;Raghunathan C (Zoological Survey of India, Andaman and Nicobar Regional Centre, National Coral Reef Research Inst, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands-744 102, Email: crsreeraj@gmail.com) : Annotaed checklist of opisthobranch fauna (Gastropoda:Opisthobranchia) of the Nicobar Islands, India. J Threatened Taxa 2012, 4(4), 2499-509.

This paper presents 52 species of opisthobranchs recorded from the Nicobar group of Islands. Of these, Aldisa erwinkoehleri, Dermatobranchus rodmani, Glossodoris pallida, Noumea simplex, Pectenodoris trilineata, Okenia kendi, Tambja morosa, Phyllidia elegans, Phyllidiopsis annae, Flabellina riwo and Phidiana indica represent new records for Indian waters.

1 illus, 1 table, 32 ref

016203   Shukla K;Ahmad T;Sharma A K (Protozoology Research Laboratory, Zoology Dep, Lucknow Univ, Lucknow-226 007) : Myxidium and Myxobolus species (Myxozoa), parasitizing freshwater prawn Macrobrachium lamerii, (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) from river Gomti, Lucknow. Aquacult 2012, 13(2), 145-51.

Examination of freshwater prawns, Macrobrachium lamerii from Gomti river of Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh) revealed the presence of Myxosporidea of the genus Myxidium and Myxobalus sp. Myxidium species infected the gill filaments of their hosts while Myxobolus was found to infect the body musculature of the prawn. Out of the total 107 samples examined, 38 (35.5%) samples were found to be positive for myxozoans. Myxidium (found in 11 samples) and Myxobolus (found in 27 samples) with a prevalence percentage of 10.28% and 25.23% respectively. The study will draw attention towards the threats and economic losses due to these parasites and will be helpful in providing a visual presentation,of the structure and effects of such diseases.

1 illus, 36 ref

016202   Sangita K;Mukhopadhyay A (Entomology Research Unit, Zoology Dep, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling-734 013, Email: sangita.khewa@yahoo.com) : Characterizing and testing biocontrol potential of two Bacillus strains isolated from the tea defoliating pest, Arctornis submarginata(Walker) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). Adv Life Sci 2012, 1(2), 114-17.

Two strains of Bacillus were isolated from the diseased caterpillars of Arctornis submarginata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), a defoliator of tea crop from Darjeeling Terai region. Biochemical characteristics of Bacillus strain Arc02 showed positive reaction in lysine utilization, ornithin utilization, Citrate utilization, malonate utilization, esculin hydrolysis, rhamnose, cellobiose, raffinose and glucose utilization while Arc03 strain showed positive reaction in nitrate reduction, H2S production, V-P test, esculin hydrolysis and utilization of citrate, saccharose, trehalose and glucose. Studies on SDS-PAGE of crystal protein of of Arc 02 showed four major protein bands with the molecular weights 117.32 kDa, 75.14 kDa,55.97 kDa and 39.15 kDa, while the profile of four protein bands of Arc03 showed 122.7 kDa, 85.8 kDa, 50.3 kDa and 46.84 kDa bands. The LC₅₀ value was of Arc02 was found to be 796.22 μg/ml compared to 342 μg/ml as the LC₅₀ value of Arc03. Based on L_C50 value the latter strain (Arc03) apprears to be more toxic with a higher biocontrol potential as a microbial pesticide against A. submarginata.

016201   Pazhanisamy K;Indra N (Zoology Dep, Covernment Arts College, Ariyalur-621 713) : Histopathological changes induced by arsenic in the gill of fresh water fish, Labeo rohita. Pollut Res 2012, 31(2), 207-11.

Studies on the histopathological effects of the two different sublethal concentrations such as lower and higher sublethal concentrations of arsenic (1/10th 0.27 ppm & 1/3rd 0.91 ppm of the 96 h LC₅₀) on Labeo rohita revealed that these metallic salt is capable of producing damaged secondary lamellae and changes in its cellular levels in gill tissues. These were marked pathological changes like damaged vascular layer, curling of secondary lamellae, shortening of secondary lamellae in the gill tissues. All these pathological changes makes the fish less fit for survival. The study is useful as the indicators of water pollution and reveals the effects of arsenic on the gill of fish.

4 illus, 27 ref

016200   Panwar V;Singh U (Zoology Dep, Monad Univ, Vill. Kastla-Kasmabad, P.O. Pilkhuwa-245 101) : Effects of phenolic compound (2,4-DNP) on tissue in Periplaneta americana: a histological study. Aquacult 2012, 13(2), 165-9.

Periplaneta americana (Linn), when exposure to sublethal Concentration (Lc₁₀₀, Lc₅₀ and Lc₀ experimental Concentration) Values were calculated by the Method of Finny (1971). Lc₁₀₀ 30mg Lc₅₀15mg and Lc₀ 4mg for 2,4- Dinitrophenol. These doses were calculated at 96 hour's duration. 2,4-DNP were vivisected after 5,10,15 and 20 days of the treatment. Showing, epithelium is further degenerated circular muscles as well as longitudinal are distorted, nuclei are lose in number ate biggest in size and showing diffused chromatin material, cytoplasm is degenerated.

4 illus, 13 ref

016199   Naro T (NO, North East Network, P.O. Chizami, Phek District, Nagaland-797 102, Email: tshetsholo@gmail.com) : Sighting of Aglais cashmirensis aesis Fruhstorfer, 1912 (Nymphalidae) from Nagaland, India. J Threatened Taxa 2012, 4(4), 2534-5.

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016198   Mudium R;Vijaya N;Nagaveni D;Bhanuprakash K; Raghunath Rao P (Pharmacology Dep, Osmania Medical College, Koti, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh) : Effect of combination of diazepam & diclofenac sodium on carrageenan induced inflammation in rats & mice. Asian J biochem pharm Res 2012, 2(2), 287-98.

Present study was aimed to evaluate the combined effect of diazepam and diclofenac sodium on carrageenan induced inflammation in rats and mice. Thirty six rats and mice of either sex were randomised into 6 groups. Group I, the control group received distilled water. Group II, the standard group received diclofenac sodium (25mg/kg). Group III, the test group received diazepam (4mg/kg). Group IV received combination of diclofenac sodium (25mg/kg) and diazepam (4mg/kg). Group V received the test drug diazepam in lower dose (2mg/kg). Group VI received the combination of diclofenac sodium (25mg/kg) and low dose diazepam (2mg/kg). Rats and mice were evaluated for carrageenan induced paw oedema at 30, 60 and 120minutes. Simultaneously rats and mice were evaluated for carrageenan induced paw licking response with respect to time of onset of paw licking, and for number of licks in early phase (between 10 and 15minutes following carrageenan injection) and in late phase (between 30 and 40 minutes following carrageenan injection). Diazepam produced dose dependant reduction of carrageenan induced inflammation. Diazepam (2mg/kg) had anti inflammatory activity similar to standard drug diclofenac sodium, and diazepam (4mg/kg) had better antiinflammatory activity compared to diclofenac sodium. However combination of diazepam and diclofenac sodium did not produce any additive effect.

10 ref

016197   Momin Shakir M S;Momin Heena M S;Amte G K (Zoology Dep, B.N.N. College, Bhiwandi-Thane-421 302) : Histopathological changes in liver tissue of the fish Rasbora daniconius (HAM) exposed to heavy metal-lead. Aquacult 2012, 13(2), 141-4.

Toxic heavy metal like lead (Pb) is being indiscriminatingly used leading to devastating effects on both environment like wetland ecosystem and aquatic organisms. Histopathological changes in liver tissue of fresh water fish subjected to the toxic effect of heavy metal (lead) were analysed and were found to exhibit the severity of heavy metal toxicity.

6 illus, 8 ref

016196   Majumder J;Lodh R;Agarwala B K (Ecology & Biodiversity Laboratories, Zoology Dep, Tripura Univ, Suryamaninagar, West Tripura-799 022, Email: jmtugemo@gmail.com) : Fish feeding adaptation by Rhesus macaque Macaca mulatta (Cercopithecidae) in the Sundarban mangrove swamps, India. J Threatened Taxa 2012, 4(4), 2539-40.

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016195   Kushwaha V B;Mugdha A (Zoology Dep, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur-273 008, Email: vbk2006@sify.com) : Seasonal variations and diversity of planktons in river Rapti at Gorakhpur. Adv Life Sci 2012, 1(2), 130-32.

Paper deals with occurrence and biodiversity of planktons in river Rapti observed through out the year. During the study period total 47 species were observed of which 29 were of phytoplanktons belonging to 4 families: Bacillariophyceae (11), Chlorophyceae (10), Cyanophyceae (6) and Euglenophyceae (2) and 18 of zooplanktons including Protozoa (6), Rotifera (4), Cladocera (3), Copepoda (4) and Ostracoda (1). The total number of planktons in summer season exceeded that of in winter and lowest number of planktons was recorded during monsoon.

016194   Krishnamurthy G;David M (Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Div, Zoology Dep, Karnatak Univ, Karnatak Science College, Dharwad-560 001, Email: davidkcd@gmail.com) : Effect of dicofol on toxicity and oxygen consumption of the freshwater fish, Labeo rohita. J Ecotoxic envir Monit 2011, 21(3-4), 257-62.

Static renewal bioassay test was conducted to determine the toxicity of dicofol to freshwater fish, Labeo rohita. Fish were exposed to different concentrations of 3.0 to 8.0 μl/l dicofol (18.5%EC) for 96 h and mortality was recorded. The LC₅₀ value of dicofol was found as 5.5 μl/l. Decreased levels of oxygen consumption upto -62.8% was noticed in L. rohita exposed to lethal concentration of 5.5 μ 1/1 for 1,2,3 and 4 days and-63.1% in sublethal concentration of 0.55 μI/I for 1,7, 14 and 21 days. The decrease in oxygen consumption must be due to the anoxic or hypoxic condition and accumulation of mucus over the gill, which led to respiratory distress as a consequence of the impairment of oxidative metabolism.

2 tables, 17 ref

016193   Jadhav M;Bawane V (Zoology Dep, Jeevan Vikas mahavidyalay, Shivoor, Tq Vaijapur District, Aurangabad-431 116, Email: mangesh22186@gmail.com) : Roles of cerebral ganglia in the regulation of oxygen consumption of freshwater bivalve mollusc, Lamellidens marginalis from Nathsagar dam summer season (Maharashtra) India. Aquacult 2012, 13(2), 129-34.

The adult bivalve molluscs, Lamellidens marginalis, 79-83 mm shell length and 13.100-13.981 gm body weight were subjected to (a) control (normal) (b) removal of both cerebral ganglia (c) injection of their cerebral extract to intact control as well as (d) injection of their extract to ganglia removal bivalves and (e) injection of ice-cold distilled water to normal control for 12 days. The rate of oxygen consumption in bivalves from all four groups (including control) was measured on 2th, 6th and 12th day. The study revealed that, the rate of oxygen consumption was significantly increased in cerebral ganglia removed, as well as cerebral gangionic extract injected to ablated group on 2nd, 6th and 12th day compared to control. The rate also showed significant increase in injection of extract to normal control 2nd, 6th and 12th day. The rate of oxygen consumption showed more cerebral ganglia ablated group than extract injected one on 12th day.

1 table, 21 ref