024490   Jindal R;Singh H;Sharma C (Zoology Dep, Panjab Univ, Chandigarh-160 014, Email: 24chetansharma@gmail.com) : Fish diversity of Pong dam reservoir and Harike wetland. Int J appl Sci Engng Res 2014, 3(1), 232-40.

Diversified area covered over by large number of lotic and lentic waters, the annual fish yield is considerably low. This is due to our dependence only on the capture fishery, lack of scientific attention towards the culture fishery and most important is the effect of pollution, which is causing decline in the fishery of this region. One of the pre-requisites of the fishery science is to have comprehensive knowledge of the fish fauna of the area. However, some scientific contributions to Indian fishes were made in the 19th century by Hamilton (1822) who described 269 freshwater species from the river Ganga and its tributaries. Day (1878) reported 1418 species, both marine and freshwater from India, Burma and Srilanka. Hora (1921a,b, 1925, 1930, 1936a,b,c, 1937a,b,c, 1939a,b) published some valuable revisionary studies under various heading such as `Siluroid fishes of India', `Game fishes of India' etc. Mishra (1947, 1952, 1953, 1962) published a series of checklists and aids for the identification of fishes of India, Burma and Srilanka. Jhingran (1991) listed 1475 marine and freshwater species of India. Beavan (1982) enlisted 409 fish species of freshwaters of India. Datta Munshi and Srivastava (1988) described 107 species of freshwater fishes belonging to 66 genera, 27 families and 10 orders. Talwar and Jhingran (1991) enlisted 932 fish species of India and adjacent countries belonging to 255 genera, 19 orders and 95 families. Jayaram (1999) described 852 fish species belonging to 272 genera, 16 orders and 71 families. Many workers have published the faunal reports from Himachal Pradesh (McClelland, 1842; Prashad, 1919; Hora, 1927, 1950; Menon, 1951, 1954, 1962; Bhatnagar, 1966, 1973; Sehgal, 1973, Tandon and Sharma, 1976; Tilak and Hussain, 1977; Sharma and Tandon, 1990; Johal, 1998; Negi, 2005), and Punjab (Dunford, 1911; Dhingra and Vasisht, 1967; Tandon and Rishi, 1966, 1967; Tandon and Johal, 1972; Tandon and Gupta, 1975; Tandon and Singh, 1980; Johal and Tandon, 1981; Ladher et al., 1994, Brraich et al., 2003). The fish fauna of the Pong Dam Reservoir and Harike wetland are not yet explored much. This is an effort to document the fish fauna of this region.

2 tables, 51 ref

024489   Jha A;Sahay U;Khalkho A P V (Zoology Dep, Gardanibagh Girls College, Gardanibagh, Patna-2) : The status of Allocreadium simhai Sabhyata and Govind (2013) and Allocreadium thapari Gupta (1959) - a critical study. J expl Zool 2014, 17(1), 75-81.

Allocreadium simhai (Trematoda), a new species has been described by Sabhyata and Govind in the year 2013 (vide J.Exp.Zool.India 16(1): 211 - 214). Unfortunately the authors claim that the said species differes from all the existing species of the genus Allocreadium without reading the details of different species. Not only this, the scale given (0.5mm) on one side of the camera lucida drawing of A.simhai seems to be wrong as it does not fit in with the measurements given for distance of T₁ and ovary from anterior end & T₂ from posterior end. The errors been pointed out by the present authors who have reasons to consider A.simhai a synonym of Allocreadium handia (Pande, 1937), Kakji, 1969.

5 illus, 2 tables, 25 ref

024488   Jawahar P;Sundaramoorthy B;Chidambaram P (Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries Univ, Thoothukudi-628 008, Email: b_sundaramoorthy@yahoo.com) : Studies on breeding biology of Panulirus homarus (Linnaeus, 1758) Thoothukudi, Southeastern Coast of India. J expl Zool 2014, 17(1), 175-81.

Berried lobsters collected from Thoothukudi fish landing centers and lobster holding centers at Thoothukudi coast were used for studying the breeding biology of scalloped spiny lobsters, Panulirus homarus (Linnaeus, 1758). Round the year spawning season was observed with the major peak occurs in the month of December to March. Fecundity of the lobsters was calculated as the number of eggs deposited on the ovigerous setae on the pleopods The number of eggs in a single brood in P. homarus (carapace length: 47- 94 mm; weight 156.75 - 900g) ranged from 95,530 to 480,590. The fecundity- carapace length relationship estimated was F = 7.8405 CL - 283.827 and the carapace length and egg mass weight relationship was 0.8969 CL -31.5772. The length at minimum maturity was 53 mm CL. There is no significant deviation in the sex ratio.

3 illus, 2 tables, 49 ref

024487   Govinda Rao V;Krishna N M;Sujatha K (Marine Living Resources Dep, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam-530 003, Email: sujatha.mlr@gmail.com) : Length weight relationship and length groups of two species of snappers (Pisces: Lutjanidae) represented in the catches of Visakhapatnam, middle east coast of India. J expl Zool 2014, 17(1), 127-32.

Several lutjanid species are highly valued and hence they are being heavily fished in Visakhapatnam (Lat 17°44'N, Long 83 ° 23'E) region. Because of the increase in exploitation there is an urgent need to have proper information on these resources. Studies on length frequency distribution and Length Weight Relationship (LWR) helps in predicting the condition, reproductive history and life history of lutjanid species. In the present study 526 specimens of L. lutjanus of length range 104-240 mm TL, weight 17-200g and 99 specimens of L. madras of length range 133-303 mm TL, weight 25 - 425g, collected from commercial (trawl, boat seines) and gill nets during January to December 2011 were analyzed for length frequency distribution and LWR studies. The LWR expressed in the form - W=aL^{b and the `b' value estimated as 3.0113 for L. lutjanus and 2.8663 for L. madras. These studies are of immense value in fishery management for future regulation of catches.}

7 illus, 21 ref

024486   Gambhir R K;Zenith Ng (Life Sciences Dep, Manipur Univ, Canchipur, Imphal-795 003, Email: zenith_imp@yahoo.in) : New nematode of the family - philometridae from A catfish in Manipur, India. J expl Zool 2014, 17(1), 111-14.

A new nematode belonging to the family - Philometridae Baylis and Daubney, 1926 recovered from the mucosal layer of stomach of a very large catfish in Manipur, India is described. On examination it comes closer to the genus Thwaitia Rasheed, 1963 but differs in having some distinct characters like two prominent fleshy lobular cephalic expansions having a small bud-like basal protuberance, a bi-forked tiny tail terminus protruding from a conical tip, a conspicuous anal opening, etc. After considering the characters the authors are compelled to erect a new genus to accommodate the present specimen naming it as Piscinema barakensis n. gen., n.sp. Detailed diagnostic characters are also given.

7 ref

024485   Deep K;Arvind Kumar;Singh D P;Yadav P R (Zoology Dep, Govt. Degree College, Nanouta, Saharanpur, Email: zooaayush@gmail.com) : Studies of the ecological parameter, site of oviposition, population dynamics and seasonal cycle of Bagrada cruciferarum of Brassica compestris. J expl Zool 2014, 17(1), 331-6.

Among different sucking insect pest, Bagrada is a most notorious pest of different agricultural crops in India. In this context the present study deals with the ecological parameters site of oviposition, seasonal cycle and also study their population dynamics. A survey was carried out in the laboratory and in an around Saharanpur District, Uttar Pradesh during the year 2007 to 2009. The findings revealed a variation in the population dynamics of bargada cruciferarum spacing depending upon the host plants and climatic conditions. The population of the bugs is increase in the month of may. As soon as the temperature decrease than population also decrease. The bugs life influencing by the ecological parameters it also effected the host plants. The preoviposition varies from 4 to 6 days, female lays egg 0.55 to 1.01 mm in bunches and clusters. The egg hatches out and 1st Instar comes after copulation in the month of April. The body size 1.3x0.87 mm (LxB) to 1.3x0.88 mm and it is very sluggish.

3 tables, 18 ref

024484   Dayal R;Singh S P;Pandey A K (NO, National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, Lucknow-226 002, Email: rdayal3@rediffmail.com) : Recent trends in discovery of new fish species from the Indian region. J expl Zool 2014, 17(1), 117-26.

Out of about 32,600 fishes found globally, 2,553 species have been reported from the Indian subcontinent in addition to about 500 introduced species. Six drainage systems and their tributaries are the natural habitat of the entire freshwater fish genetic resources (about 877 species). The Western Ghats and North-eastern Region are the globally recognized two biodiversity hotspots as these are the home of many endemic fish species which are exclusively confined to these areas. During exploration, identification and documentation of fish diversity by various authors in different geographic regions, 62 new species belonging to 4 Orders, 21 Families and 31 Genera have been discovered from the Indian region during 2010-13. Of these, 7 species were reported in 2010, 14 species in 2011, 24 species in 2012 and 16 species in 2013. 54 endemic species have been described from the freshwater system and 7 species from the marine ecosystem of Andaman and Tuticorin (Bay of Bengal), Arabian Sea and south Indian coast of the Indian Ocean. As far as the two biodiversity hot spots are concerned, 37 new species have been discovered from North-eastern region and 16 species from Western Ghats. The data thus collected and analysed indicate area-wise species richness and possibilities for more discoveries in future.

3 tables, 62 ref

024483   Chidambaram P;Selvaraj J;Sugumar G;Uma A; Sundaramoorthy B;Sankarram S (NO, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi-628 008, Email: pcphd73@gmail.com) : Survey on the microbial and histopathological lesions in ornamental fishes in the farms of Tamil Nadu, India. J expl Zool 2014, 17(1), 165-70.

A survey on bacterial diseases in ornamental fishes in the farms of Tamilnadu was conducted from January 2011 to December 2011. Ornamental fishes were collected from Sixty farms located in Chennai, Madurai, Nagercoil, Thanjavur and Dharmapuri region of Tamilnadu, India. They were screened for bacterial diseases and their associated clinical signs and histological changes. In the farms surveyed 40 farms showed incidence of diseases. The various diseases and their percentage incidence are Dropsy (32.14%), Myxobacterial infection (21.43%), Ulcerative disease (21.42%), Streptococcal infection (14.29%) and Bacterial haemorrhagic septicemia (10.72%). The dropsy infected fish showed swollen abdomen with accumulation of fluids, pine cone shaped body, protrusion of scales and superficial ulcerations. Histological observations revealed degeneration and necrosis of tubular epithelium. Myxobacterial infection in Cichlids showed gill and skin rot and colonization of gills. Gill lesions of myxobacterial infection includes necrotic condition, extensive hyperplasia in the gills, fusion of gill lamellae and proliferation of mucus glands and chloride cells. Bacterial ulcer disease was observed in gold fish and the clinical symptoms observed are ulcers on the body, red sores, - 81 - thickening of the skin and necrosis of epidermal region. The clinical signs of Streptococcal infection were erratic swimming, spiralling, darkening of skin and haemorrhage on the body. Histopathological observation revealed multifocal areas of sub acute ganglionitis. Haemorrhagic septicemia infected gold fish, molly and guppy showed pin point haemorrhages at the base of fin. The bacteria isolated from the infected fish were Aeromonas hydrophila, Flexibacter sp, Pseudomonas sp and Streptococcus sp.

9 illus, 32 ref

024482   Chandaragi M;Patil R K (Agricultural Entomology Dep, Agricultural Sciences Univ, Dharwad-580 005, Email: mallu3731@gmail.com) : Population dynamics of giant African snail, Achatina fulica Bowdich (stylommataphora : achatinidae) in betelvine ecosystem. J expl Zool 2014, 17(1), 285-8.

The population of Giant African Snail, Achatina fulica Bowdich in betelvine occurred throughout the year ranging from 3.41 to 114.71 snails per 5 m^{2 during 2011-12. The highest population of 114.71 snails per 5 m2 was observed during second fortnight of October, 2011. The lowest population of 3.41 snails per 5 m2 was recorded during second fortnight of March, 2012. During 2012-13 also population of snails was recorded throughout the year and ranged from 3.26 to 93.22 snails per 5 m2. The maximum population (93.22 snails/5 m2) was observed during second fortnight of August, 2012. The lowest population (3.26 snails/5 m2) was documented during first fortnight of March, 2013. Correlation between snail incidence and weather factors indicated that the highly significant and positive relationship with rainfall (r= 0.652**) while, minimum relative humidity (r= -0.407**) was exerted negative and highly significant association with population buildup of snail.}

2 tables, 10 ref

024481   Bisht A;Chalal R S;Bisht M;Ram R N (NO, College of Fisheries, G.B. Pant Univ of Ag. & Tech. Pantnagar-263 149, Email: muskaan_bisht@yahoo.com) : Hematological and growth responses of Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings fed with probiotic and papain supplemented diet. J expl Zool 2014, 17(1), 241-5.

The objective of the present study was to understand the influence of dietary administration of probiotic bacteria and proteolytic enzyme on hematological profile and growth performance of mrigal fingerlings. Bacillus subtilis is a gram positive, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium while papain is a protein cleaving enzyme, also called as vegetable pepsin. Papain, enzyme works as a biological catalyst which improves nutrient availability from feed stuffs, increase digestibility of low quality feed, lower feed costs and reduces output of waste into the environment. The effect of probiotic and papain on four hematological parameters viz., hemoglobin, total erythrocyte count, total leucocytes count and hematocrit were studied. The level counts of all four parameters increased significantly in the blood of fish fed with probiotic and - 80 - papain supplemented diet, as compared to the control (P<60>0.05). Response variables for growth (weight gain, SGR, FCR, and survival) also followed a similar trend showing measurable difference (P<60>0.05). A comparison among the treatments revealed that, probiotic plus papain diet was more effective than probiotic alone. Control stood at the lowest level. Results from this study therefore suggest that probiotic and papain have positive influence on the blood characteristics and growth of Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings.

3 tables, 35 ref

024480   Batra S;Sharma R K (Zoology Dep, College Univ, Kurukshetra Univ, Kurukshetra-136 119, Email: soniabatra2dec@rediffmail.com) : Polymorphism, dynamics and ultrastructure of steroidogenic cells of caprine corpus luteum. J Cell Tissue Res 2014, 14(1), 4043-8.

Seven categories of corpora lutea i.e. small (1-5 days), medium (6-10 days), large (11-15 days), regressing (16-21days) and of previous cycle, penultimate cycle and pregnancy (<60>30 days) of goat (Capra hircus) were analyzed for cellular polymorphism, dynamics and ultrastructural variations. Histologically, corpus luteum was comprised of two types of steroidogenic cells. The diameter of granulosa luteal cells increased from 33.00 μm in small to 42.00 μm in large category. The theca luteal cells dimensions increased from 19.25 to 28.00 μm. The cell diameters of both these categories of cells showed maxima during pregnancy whereas corpora lutea of previous and penultimate cycles revealed the minimum values. The relative abundance of different types of steroidogenic and non-steroidogenic cells were studied in different reproductive phases of the goat. Blood capillaries and the endothelial cells showed statistically significant variations in different phases. Ultrastructurally, both theca and granulosa luteal cells revealed variations in the relative abundance of different of cell organelles. Mitochondria, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex and secretory granules increased with the increase in granulosa cell diameter during pregnancy. The lysosomes, lipid droplets and vesicles were maximum in the theca luteal cells showing minimum values of diameters in penultimate cycle.

10 illus, 1 table, 31 ref

024479   Batra S;Sharma R K (Zoology Dep, College Univ, Kurukshetra Univ, Kurukshetra-136 119, Email: soniabatra2dec@rediffmail.com) : Relative abundance of cell organelles in steroidogenic cells of corpus luteum of goat in different reproductive phases. J Cell Tissue Res 2014, 14(1), 4037-42.

Variations in relative abundance of different cell organelles of steroidogenic cells from seven categories of goat corpus luteum viz. small (1-5 days), medium (6-10 days), large (11-15 days), regressing (16-21 days), previous cycle, penultimate cycle and pregnancy (<60>30 days), have been analysed. In granulosa luteal cells, smooth endoplasmic reticulum variations were not prominent. Rough endoplasmic reticulum increased from small to large category and was most abundant in corpus luteum of pregnancy. The number of mitochondria, Golgi complex and secretory granules increased from small to large category. The maximum frequency was observed during the pregnancy. Vesicles were prominent in the previous and penultimate categories. The numbers of lipid droplets were maximum in corpus luteum of the previous cycle followed by the regressing category while lysosomes out numbered in corpus luteum of the penultimate cycle. In theca luteal cells, smooth endoplasmic reticulum and number of mitochondria increased from the small to large category and maximum numbers were observed during the pregnancy. Golgi complexes were abundant in corpora lutea of the - 79 - large category and that of the pregnancy while vesicles showed their preponderance in corpus luteum of the penultimate category. Numbers of lipid droplets were more in corpus luteum of the previous cycle. Lysosomes were abundant in number in theca luteal cells of corpus luteum of the regressing category. Secretory granules were higher in number in corpora lutea of the large and pregnancy categories. These variations in relative abundance of cell organelles in steroidogenic cells shall be discussed in relation to their physiological obligations and endocrine profile at specific stage of reproductive cycle.

5 illus, 3 tables, 34 ref

024478   Basavanneppa B B;Balikai R A (Agricultural Entomology Dep, Agricultural Sciences Univ, Dharwad-580 005, Email: basavabb96@gmail.com) : Morphological variability of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) on different host plants. J expl Zool 2014, 17(1), 313-16.

A field trail was conducted during kharif / rabi-2012-13 at the Main Agricultural Research Station, U.A.S., Dharwad, to study the morphological variability of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) on different hosts. Mean larval weight of H. armigera ranged from 241.1 to 323.3 mg across different host plants. Among hosts, chickpea and cotton recorded highest larval weight of 323.3 and 303.9 mg, respectively. Mean larval length of H. armigera ranged from 23.4 to 29.85 mm across different host plants. Among hosts, the larvae collected from chickpea, red gram and cotton recorded maximum larval length of 29.85, 29.70 and 29.20 mm, respectively. Mean larval width of H. armigera ranged from 1.70 to 2.59 mm across different host plants. Among different hosts, the larvae collected from pigeonpea, cotton and okra recorded highest larval width of 2.59, 2.40 and 2.37 mm, respectively. Irrespective of the host plants higher per cent of greenish coloured larvae (23.5%) was recorded. This was followed by dark green (32.0%), light green (12.0%) and greenish brown (12.0%) colour.

4 tables, 18 ref

024477   Ali H;Tripathi G (Zoology Dep, J.N.V. Univ, Jodhpur-342 001, Email: ham_kcn@yahoo.com) : Assessment of toxicity of silver nanoparticles in air-breathing freshwater catfish, Clarias batrachus. J expl Zool 2014, 17(1), 151-4.

Along with anti-microbial activity, silver nanoparticles have toxic effect on aquatic ecosystem. Hence, assessment of toxicity caused by silver nanoparticles in aquatic - 78 - ecosystem is important. The median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) of silver nanoparticles for different time duration in air-breathing freshwater catfish, Clarias batrachus was estimated. Fish were exposed to silver nanoparticles for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. The LC₅₀ values were 298.86, 257.23, 221.4 and 164.02 mg x LC₅₀ for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, respectively. There is a gradual decrease in toxicity of silver nanoparticles with the increase in time of exposure. The findings also suggest that the freshwater catfish has a greater capacity to resist the intoxication of silver nanoparticles as compared to other fishes.

1 illus, 1 table, 26 ref

024476   Ali H;Tripathi G (Zoology Dep, J. N. V. Univ, Jodhpur-342 001, Email: ham_kcn@yahoo.com) : Effect of silver nanoparticles on growth, feed intake and survival in fingerlings of freshwater catfish Clarias batrachus. J expl Zool 2014, 17(1), 69-72.

Increasing use of nanoparticles and their toxic effects have become a matter of concern to aquatic ecosystems. However, very little is known about the effects of silver nanoparticles on freshwater fishes. Present study, examined the effects of silver nanoparticles on survival, growth and feed intake in fingerlings of the freshwater catfish, Clarias batrachus. Exposure of silver nanoparticles to the fingerlings of the fish declined mass and length gain as compared to control. Similarly, nanoparticle reduced increase in specific growth rate (SGR) and total feed intake. These responses were concentration dependent. Survival of fingerlings also decreased as a function of increase in nanoparticle concentration. The present findings suggest silver nanoparticle associated retardation in growth, feed intake and mortalities in fingerlings of the freshwater catfish, Clarias batrachus.

1 table, 37 ref

024475   Acharya S;Basu P (NO, Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053, Email: acharya.shelley@gmail.com) : Diversity and species richness of soil oribatid mites (Acari:Oribatida) in Dudhwa National Park, U.P., India. J expl Zool 2014, 17(1), 145-50.

Deals with a collection of soil oribatid mites from some selected habitat of the forest floor. 14 species under 13 genera belonging to 10 families of soil oribatid mites were found from the present investigation.

8 ref

024474   Acharya S;Basu P (NO, Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053, Email: acharya.shelley@gmail.com) : New records of soil oribatid mites (acari: oribatida) from Himachal Pradesh, India: nine genera and thirteen species. J expl Zool 2014, 17(1), 91-6.

Altogether 43 species of oribatid mites belonging to 30 genera and 25 families have been recorded from Himachal Pradesh of which 13 species under 9 genera as the first record from the state.

8 ref

023407   Vivekananthan T;Selvisabhanayakam;Suresh N (Zoology Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar-608 002, Email: viveklakshi@gmail.com) : Histopathological observations on testes of adult blister beetle, Mylabris indica (Thunberg) (Coleoptera: Meloidae) treated with neem. J ent Res 2014, 38(1), 45-52.

Studies on the effects of neem on the histopathology of the testes of Mylabris indica revealed histopathological changes in the testes such as vacuolation, shrinkage of testis cyst cells, clumped and fragmented chromatin materials, disintegration and degeneration of germ cells such as spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa. The spermatocytes and spermatids became pycnotic and sperm bundles were disorganized, hypertrophied spermatozoa were also observed.

023406   Vidhu V V;Evans D A (Zoology Dep, College Univ, Thiruvananthapuram-695 034, Email: drevansda@gmail.com) : Aggression, altruism and chemical rhythm of formic acid in Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius). J ent Res 2014, 38(1), 1-6.

In the polymorphic colony of Oecophylla smaragdina, the content of formic acid (Fa) in major workers was 9.7 ± 0.7 mg/gm tissue which was 1/4 of the content of minor workers, 1/3 of the content of intermediate workers and 10 times higher than that of the non biting reproductive forms. Larvae and pupae had no traces of Fa in their body. During the 24 hour cycle the major workers showed a chemical rhythm in content of Fa with a peak of it at noon and low amounts in morning, evening and night. Continuous bite for 30 minutes resulted in a significant increase in the content of protein together with a decrease in content of free amino acids and complete stoppage of activity of transaminase enzymes together with a sharp decline in contents of uric acid and urea in both head and thorax. Slight but significant decrease in content of glucose together with no significant change in the contents of glycogen and lactic acid after 30 minutes of biting highlights the efficiency of insect tracheal system in supplying O₂. Hyper proteinemia in ants within a short period of 30 minutes was evidenced by additional bands in electrophorogram.

023405   Vaitheeswaran T (Directorate of Fisheries Biology and Resource Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries Univ, Thoothukudi-628 008, Email: frs69@rediffmail.com) : New record of Axiopsis concobrina (de man, 1905) (family:axiidae:borradaile, 1903) (crustacea:decapoda:thalassinidea) off Thoothukudi, Southeast Coast of India (08 53.6'N 78 16'E and 08 53.8'N 78 32'E). Indian J vet Anim Sci Res 2014, 43(1), 49-57.

A new record of Axiidae off Thoothukudi coast of Gulf of Mannar, southeast coast of India is reported. Axiopsis consobrina species were newly recorded from Indian waters. The present species (Axiopsis consobrina) are recorded from Thoothukudi coast of Gulf of Mannar, southeast coast of India. One specimen was caught at the depth of 310 m as an incidental by-catch. It was found in tropical waters from about 08° 53.6'N 78° 16'E and 08° 53.8'N 78° 32'E/310m from Thoothukudi fishing harbour, southeast coast of India.

^ssc5 illus, 1 table, 23 ref

023404   Tiwari R K (Zoology Dep, V.G.P.G. College Dibiyapur, Auraiya, Email: rakeshtiwari78@yahoo.in) : Effect of plasma protein and blood glucose lavel in the responses of H. fossilis to the thermal streeses. Adv Life Sci 2013, 2(2), 28-34.

Result were analyzed in both male and female specification separately to find out possible sex variation. The present study intends to find out responses involved during the heat and cold stress at a temp. of 33°C and 15°C respectively on Heteropneutes fossilis. More ever thermal stress applied by earlier worker was in the form of much acute stress shock by sudden transfer of fish to varying temp. in the present work both heat and cold stress work over a longer range of time required for change applied as chronic stress.

023403   Talwar N (Zoology Dep, Panjab Univ, Chandigarh-160 014) : Review of biology of genus Hypera (Hyperinae:Curculionidae:Coleoptera). J ent Res 2014, 38(1), 79-83.

Biology of different species of Hypera viz. H. postica (Gyll.), H. brunneipennis (boh.), H. punctata (Fab.), H. rumicis (linn.), H. nigrirostris (Fab.), H. compta (say), H. eximia (lec.), H. plaudicola Warner, and H. meles (Fab.) has been compared and the general pattern with regard to trophic relationship, annual cycle, time and extent of dormancy has been projected.

^iia

023402   Sunitha K;Padmavathi P (Zoology & Aquaculture Dep, Acharya Nagarjuna Univ, Nagarjunanagar-522 510, Email: ksunitha.chinni@gmail.com) : Influence of probiotics on water quality and fish yield in fish ponds. Int J pure appl Sci Technol 2013, 19(2), 48-60.

Increased production of fish through intense culture practices often leads to not only stress and disease problems but also alteration in water quality. The organic wastes and bad water quality influence the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. Bioremediation using pond, probiotics is considered a promising way to circumvent these problems. For this study, three earthen fish ponds stocked with Pangasius sutchi, Catla catla and Labeo rohita were selected and studied for a culture period. Two ponds were treated with probiotics having Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter species and one pond was used as control. In these ponds, physico-chemical parameters of water, bacterial loads of total heterotrophic bacteria (THB), beneficial bacteria (Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter species) and pathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas), zooplankton and fish yields were studied. The results indicate that the concentrations of ammonia, nitrite and orthophosphates were higher in control ponds than in the treated ponds. In treated ponds, zooplankton, THB and beneficial bacterial loads were observed to be increased whereas pathogenic Pseudomonas loads decreased. Fish yields were relatively higher in proabiotic treated ponds (37.35 and 37.00 t/ha/year) than in control pond (32.47 t/ha/year). The factors responsible for the improved water quality and high fish yields under the influence of probiotics are analyzed and discussed.

1 illus, 4 tables, 41 ref

023401   Sheela Prasad;Andriyas N D;Shilpika Prasad (Zoology Dep, St. Johns College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh-282 002) : Suppression of the population of Diacrisia obliqua Wlk. by chemosterilization. Ann Pl Soil Res 2013, 15(2), 101-4.

Bisazir sterilized both the sexes of Diacrisia obliqua Wlk, but it's sterility action was more pronounced on males rather than females. Different pairing experiments exert considerable influence on the susceptibility of the experimental insect in inducing sterility. Both the treated sexes when paired together - 55 - produced maximum sterility effect. The order of efficacy was treated male X treated female, treated male X normal female, normal male X treated female. Bisazir when used in final instar larval and adult food exhibited cent percent sterility, when both the sexes were intercrossed at 0.5% and 1% levels, respectively. Bisazir affected the oviposition as well as the hatchability of eggs. The rate of hatchability was lower when males were treated, whereas higher, when only females were treated. There was total control over reproduction at 1% level, due to the combined effect of Bisazir on the sterility and fecundity. In case of larval feeding treatments, increase in pupal duration and reduction in longevities of both sexes of adults were also noted. The adults were completely tolerant to the toxic action of bisazir, but it produced maximum of 71.4% net mortality at 1% larval feeding concentration. Thus, sterilization of larvae and adults of Lepidopterous pests would be a unique tool for the suppression of it's natural population.

3 tables, 12 ref

023400   Sathe T V;Patil S S (Zoology Dep, Shivaji Univ, Kolhapur-416 004, Email: profdrtvsathe@rediffmail.com) : Chromosomes in a lady bird beetle Menochilus vaishali P. & S. (Coleoptera: Coccincllidae). J ent Res 2014, 38(1), 71-4.

Karyological investigations on lady bird beetle, Menochilus vaishali carried out in adult males revealed diploid number of 12 chromosomes during spermatogonial metaphase. The karyotypes comprise of 5 pair of autosomes and X and Y sex chromosomes.

023399   Prashanth M S (Zoology Dep, V.K. Chavan-Patil Arts, Commerce and Science Mahavidyalaya, Shivaji Un, Karve-416 507, Email: drmsp@rediffmail.com) : Observation on the histopathological alterations in the liver of cypermethrin affected fish, Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton). Indian Internet J Forensic Med Toxicol 2013, 11(3-4), 63-72.

Freshwater fish, Cirrhinus mrigala, was exposed to lethal and sub-lethal concentrations of cypermethrin (5.13 μg/1 and 1.026 μg/1) and the histopathological changes were observed in liver tissues. Compared to the structure of control fish, exposed tissues were initially exhibited disarray of liver lobes, mild degree of degeneration of cytoplasm, occasional blood clots, congregation of nuclei, cloudy swelling of hepatocytes, granulisation of cytoplasm, hypertrophic, pyknotic nuclei, atrophic, hepatocytic nuclei, focal necrosis, vacuolation, shrinkage of hepatocytes, granular degeneration, rupture of blood vessels, necrosis dissolution of laminar structure and cytoplasmic disintegration in hepatocytes. In the sub-lethal concentration of cypermethrin, tissues initially exhibited few changes like slight disarray of liver lobes, mild degree of degeneration of cytoplasm, occasional blood clots, congregation of nuclei and cloudy swelling of hepatocytes, granulisation of cytoplasm, hypertrophic and pyknotic nuclei on 1 and 7 days. But on 14 and 21 day, certain degree of reorganisation in the structure of liver cords was observed.

30 ref

023398   Naik A S K;Jitendra Kumar;Benakappa S; Somashekara S R;Anjanayappa H N;Manjappa N;Mahesh V (Fisheries Resources and Management Dep, College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Scien, Mangalore-575 002, Email: jitenderanduat@gmail.com) : Ichthyofaunal diversity of Chulkinala reservoir. Anim Sci Reptr 2014, 8(2), 48-60.

Natural reservoirs formed by river barrages are good repositories of fresh water fish in India. But, their quantity and diversity are threatened due to severe stress inflicted by the elements, resppnsible for anthropogenic environmental degradation. There is a pressing need to catalogue the ichthyofaunal assemblage and biodiversity in these man-made reservoirs to facilitate propagation of food fishes and alienation of predators. This paper elucidates the biodiversity of fish in Chulkinala reservoir in north Karnataka, which was not studied earlier. The data collected every month during March 2007 to February 2008 from three landtag centres totaling 8729 fishes revealed the presence of 45 species belonging to 15 families and 5 orders. The harvest was the highest in monsoon (4690, 53.73%) followed by summer (2548, 29.19%) and winter (1491, 17.08%) seasons. Cypriniforme--was the predominant order with 21 species (7293, 83.55%). Catla catla was the predominant species; (2680, 30.70%) followed by Labeo rohita (1670, 19.13%),; and Cirrhinus mrigcil (873, 10.00%) of this order. These three species together constituted 59.83% of the total harvest. The indices of biodiversity (Margalef richness index, Shannon - Wiener index, Pielou's evenness index, Simpson index) revealed maximum biodiversity - 54 - in monsoon season, with respect to species richness (43) and abundance (N=330.15 kg). The Bray-Curtis hierarchical cluster analysis indicated maximum similarity (93.87%) in species composition in the months of March and April, representing last quarter of summer and first quarter of monsoon. The K-dominance curve showed high density of fish species in the monsoon season, compared to other two seasons. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis demonstrated low (<0.1) stress value (0.02) and close similarity (80%) in species composition and abundance during different seasons, suggesting good ordination of the collected samples. The study tends to conclude that Chulkinala reservoir is a rich repository of indigenous fishes with wide biodiversity, but invasive species like O. mossambiais and O. niloticus are grave threats to their subsistence.

6 illus, 3 tables, 17 ref

023397   Johal M S;Rawal Y K;Apneet Kaur;Amandeep Kaur (Laboratory of Fish and Fisheries, Zoology Dep, Panjab Univ, Chandigarh-160 014, Email: johalms45@gmail.com) : Ultrastructure of the focus region of the regenerated cycloid scale of an exotic fish, Cyprinus carpio communis L. as a possible key to comprehensive understanding of populations. Curr Sci 2014, 106(5), 744-6.

Fish scales (except placoid) have been employed for age determination, growth studies and various growth parameters, which are useful in the formulation of various fishery management practices and the opti-mum exploitation of fishery stocks of commercial fish species. Fish-scale morphology and its morphometrics can be employed for taxonomic purposes and for phylogenetic relationships. The evaluation of popula-tions/stocks of the fish species having wide zoogreogra-phical distribution and inhibiting distinctly different ecological conditions has been done with the help of molecular markers. An alternate technique, i.e. to study the ultrastructural details of the focus region of the regenerated scale has been found to be more rel-able and economical. This technique has been tested positively on the regenerated cycloid scale of an exotic fish, Cyprinus carpio communis L. inhabiting five dis-tinctly ecologically different water bodies of northern India.

3 illus, 22 ref

023396   D'Cunha P;Grover Nair V M (Applied Zoology Dep, Mangalore Univ, Mangalore-574 199, Email: vijaymalanair@yahoo.com) : Ant fauna on the mangroves of Dakshina Kannada and Udupi districts, Karnataka, India. J ent Res 2014, 38(1), 59-66.

Study records the diverse ant fauna of mangrove habitats located at chitrapu, sasihithlu and ullal in dakshina Kannada district and at hejamadi in udupi district (lies between 12° 48' to 13° 06' n latitude and 74° 45' to 74° 51' e longitude) along the west coast of Karnataka. A total of 16 species recorded in present study have been - 53 - placed under 8 genera and 4 subfamilies viz., Myrmicinae, dolichoderinae, Pseudomyrmecinae and Formicinae. The subfamily Myrmicinae is represented by 8 species followed by dolichoderinae, Pseudomyrmecinae (3 species each) and Formicinae (2 species). The alpha diversity indices obtained suggest that the ant species in mangrove habitat at sasihithlu are more diverse and evenly distributed as compared to other mangrove sites studied.

023395   Charn Kumar (NO, A.S. College, Samrala Road, Khanna, Distt. Ludhiana-141 401, Email: charnkumar@yahoo.com) : Status of genus Remelana moore (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) with taxonomic notes on its type-species from the Himalaya in India. J ent Res 2014, 38(1), 75-8.

Status of the genus Remelana Moore has been ascertained in the himalayan region in India. As such, the genus is represented by a single species, Remelana jangala (Horsfield) in the Himalaya. The male genitalic organs of this type-species have been illustrated and described in detail for the first time. Accordingly, the generic diagnosis has also been updated by inclusion of genitalia characters. Contrary to the earlier records, the species has been found to be rare in sikkim.

023394   Chandrasekaran S;Saraswathy K;Saravanan S; Kamaladhasan N;ArunNagendran N (Plant Sciences Dep, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj Univ, Madurai-625 021, Email: krishnanasc@yahoo.co.in) : Impact of Prosopis juliflora on nesting success of breeding wetland birds at Vettangudi Bird Sanctuary, South India. Curr Sci 2014, 106(5), 676-8.

2 illus, 1 table, 19 ref

023393   Ameko E;Achio S;Alhassan S;Sackey D M;Danful L E (Science Laboratory Technology Dep, Accra Polytechnic, Box 561, Accra, Ghana, Email: edmundameko@yahoo.com) : Room temperature plastination of whole and dissected guinea pigs in Ghana. Int J pure appl Sci Technol 2013, , 66-75.

In a previous study the standard SI0 procedure was modified by using locally available silicone paste and hardener in Ghana as substitutes to the standard ones to plastinate three types of fishes (Tilapia, Bonytongue and Catfish)by fixing at room temperature, dehydrating and impregnating at 4°C and curing at room temperature. The plastinated fishes retained their general shapes and their anatomical structures were preserved. In this study the modified SI0 protocol was further amended to plastinateWhole Guinea Pigs (WGPs) and Dissected Guinea Pigs (DGPs) by fixating, dehydrating, impregnating and curing the samples at room temperature. Browning occurred in the heart, liver, lungs, intestines, stomach, bladder and skin of the DGPs. The hairs of the plastinated WGPs and DGPs were visually not different in colour and texture from that of the live animals. The weights of the VGPs increased by 35.8% at fixation but decreased by 58.2% at curing and 81.5% after storage of the plastinates for 120 days. The plastinated WGPs were solid and stable when placed on their four feet on a flat surface. This study showed that it is possible to use the modified S10 protocol to perform room ' temperature plastination. This would reduce the cost of producing plastinated specimen in Ghana. Transporting the plastinated specimen would also be easy and cheap, and they can easily be stored. The addition of a suitable base to the impregnating solution would recolourise the dissected specimen and improve the colour of the final product.

6 illus, 4 tables, 11 ref

023392   Abou E E A A (Zoology Dep, Faculty of Science, Fayoum Univ, Egypt) : Potential of certain plant volatile oils and chemicals against lesser wax moth, Acheroia gresilla L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). J ent Res 2014, 38(1), 31-4.

Oils of six plants viz.; clove; Eugenia aromatica L., basil; Ocimum basilicum L., thyme; Thymus vulgaris L., blue gum; Eucalyptus spp., spearmint; Mintha viridis L., Lemongrass oil; Cymbopogon citrates hort. and six aromatic fragments namely; methyl salicylate, eugenol, menthol, thymol, camphor and naphthalene were tested against Acheroia gresilla L. Paradichlorobenzene, acetic and formic acids were used as check and the LC_50s were determined against the last larval instar. results revealed that methyl salicylate, formic acid, clove and basil oils highlty effective.

022457   Wei T;Jin X X;Xu T J (Laboratory for Marine living Resources and Molecular Engineering, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean Univ, 316000 Zhoushan, People's Republic of China, Email: tianjunxu@163.com) : First complete mitochondrial genome from Bostrychus genus (Bostrychus sinensis) and partitioned Bayesian analysis of eleotridae fish phylogeny. J Genet 2013, 92(2), 247-57.

To understand the phylogenetic position of Bostrychus sinensis in Eleotridae and the phylogenetic relationships of the family, we determined the nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial (mt) genome of Bostrychus sinensis. It is the first complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Bostrychus genus. The entire mtDNA sequence was 16508 bp in length with a standard set of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs) and a noncoding control region. The mitochondrial genome of B. sinensis had common features with those of other bony fishes with respect to gene arrangement, - 102 - base composition, and tRNA structures. Phylogenetic hypotheses within Eleotridae fish have been controversial at the genus level. We used the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) gene sequence to examine phylogenetic relationships of Eleotridae by using partitioned Bayesian method. When the specific models and parameter estimates were presumed for partitioning the total data, the harmonic mean -InL was improved. The phylogenetic analysis supported the monophyly of Hypseleotris and Gobiomorphs. In addition, the Bostrychus were most closely related to Ophiocara, and the Philypnodon is also the sister to Microphlypnus, based on the current datasets. Further, extensive taxonomic sampling and more molecular information are needed to confirm the phylogenetic relationships in Eleotridae.

4 illus, 6 tables, 46 ref

022456   Varshney R K (NO, A Biologists Confrerie, Raj Bhawan, Manik Chowk, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh-202 001, Email: bionotes_india@yahoo.com) : Current list of the lac insect taxa of world, with a redescription of subgenus Chamberliniella (hemiptera: coccoidea: tachardiidae). Bionotes 2014, 16(2), 48-51.

1 table, 13 ref

022455   Themaskar K G;Gijare S S;Kulkarni K M; Tantarpale V T (Zoology P.G Dep, Vidyabharati Mahavidyalaya, Amravati, Maharashtra, Email: shruti_pande17@rediffmail.com) : Impact of biopesticide on the ovaries of freshwater fish Ophiocephalus punctatus. Pollut Res 2012, 31(1), 65-8.

The present study evaluated gonadal changes of the freshwater fish Ophiocephalus punctatus exposed to subleathal concentration of Azadiracta indica 1.1 ml/L at 72 hrs. The changes were observed on gonadosomatic index and also observed in ovaries of treated fishes. The gonadosomatic index showed decreased trend in male and female. The flacid and degenerative stages of ovaries follicles, necrosis of oocyte, shrinkage and interfollicular odema were observed.

3 illus, 1 table, 22 ref

022454   Sivaleela G (NO, Marine Biology Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Chennai-600 028, Email: gsivaleela@yahoo.com) : New records of some free-living marine nematodes from the Palk Bay coast, Tamil Nadu. Bionotes 2014, 16(2), 57-9.

2 ref

022453   Singh S;Bansal A;Goel R K (Zoology Dep, D.S. College, Aligarh-202 001) : Haematological effect of aqueous extract of Euphorbia tirucalli plant latex on snakhehead fish, Channa punctatus. Pollut Res 2012, 31(1), 73-6.

The aim of this study was to asses the impact of aqueous extract of Euphorbia tirucalli plant latex on snakehead fish, channa punctatus. The median lethal concentraion(LC₅₀) value of aqueous extract of Euphorbia tirucalli plant latex on Channa punctatus was 46.5 mg/L for 30-hours of exposure. The two different - 101 - sub-lethal doses(20% and 40% of 30h-LC₅₀) were administered to experimental fish for 30-hours and 60-hours exposure time. Some haematological parameters were analyzed to determine the influence of aqueous extract of Euphorbia tirucalli plant latex on the Channa punctatus. The range values obtained for the Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC), Eosinophils, Neutrophils, Monocytes, Haemoglobin Concentration (HbC) and Specific Gravity significantly lower,while Lymphocytes, Basophils, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) significantly higher at both of sub-lethal doses(20% and 40% of 30h-LC₅₀). Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) values showed differently. Aqueous extract of Euphorbia tirucalli plant latex could lead to alterations in morphological parameters of the blood of Channa punctatus.

2 tables, 18 ref

022452   Saxena B;Sharma S (Pest and Parasite Research Lab II, Zoology Dep, Bareilly College, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, Email: beenam_1972@yahoo.co.in) : Serological changes induced by blend of sunset yellow, metanil yelloe and tartrazine in Swiss Albino Rat, Rattus norvegicus. Toxic int 2014, 21(1), 65-8.

Study was carried out to evaluate the toxic effect of blend of some food colors on Swiss albino rats. A blend (1:1:1) of sunset yellow, metanil yellow and tartrazine showed additive effects on serological parameters which indicate that addition of these dye together in food stuff may give rise to more toxic effects than are produced by each dye individually. Animals were divided into four groups (I, II, III, and IV). First group was treated as control and respective group of animals received 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg body weight blend of food colors by gavaging up to 30 days. The serological study showed a decrease in total protein and albumin and an increase in alkaline phosphatase, SGPT and total bilirubin. The results revealed that oral administration of these blend did not affect the body weight gain. The prolonged consumption of the blend may cause adverse effect on human health.

5 illus, 22 ref

022451   Sawant P P;Jagtap A R;Mali R P (Zoology Dep, S.P.K. Mahavidyalaya, Sawantwadi, Maharashtra, Email: ashu_anamica@rediffmail.com) : Impact of heavy metals cadmium sulphate and mercuric sulphate on protein content in estuarine crab Scylla serrata. Asian J Anim Sci 2012, 7(2), 159-61.

Estuarine crab Scylla serrata were exposed to the sub-lethal concentration of cadmium sulphate and mercuric sulphate for the present investigation up to 24,48,72,96,120 hrs (17.2 mg/L, 6 mg/L), respectively. The protein content was estimated in the different tissues of estuarine crab Scylla serrata such as hepatonancreas, muscle, chelate leg, gill and heart. Both the heavy metals showed decreased rate of protein.

2 tables, 20 ref

022450   Santos J;Pascual M;Simoes P;Fragata I;Rose M R;Matos M (NO, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa, Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal) : Fast evolutionary genetic differentiation during experimental colonizations. J Genet 2013, 92(2), 183-94.

Founder effects during colonization of a novel environment are expected to change the genetic composition of populations, leading to differentiation between the colonizer population and its source population. Another expected outcome is differentiation among populations derived from repeated independent colonizations starting from the same source. We have previously detected significant founder effects affecting rate of laboratory adaptation among Drosophila subobscura laboratory populations derived from the wild. We also showed that during the first generations in the laboratory, considerable genetic differentiation occurs between foundations. The present study deepens that analysis, taking into account the natural sampling hierarchy of six foundations, derived from different locations, different years and from two samples in one of the years. We show that striking stochastic effects occur in the first two generations of laboratory culture, effects that produce immediate differentiation between foundations, independent of the source of origin and despite similarity among all founders. This divergence is - 100 - probably due to powerful genetic sampling effects during the first few generations of culture in the novel laboratory environment, as a result of a significant drop in N_e. Changes in demography as well as high variance in reproductive success in the novel environment may contribute to the low values of N_e. This study shows that estimates of genetic differentiation between natural populations may be accurate when based on the initial samples collected in the wild, though considerable genetic differentiation may occur in the very first generations of evolution in a.new, confined environment. Rapid and significant evolutionary changes can thus occur during the early generations of a founding event, both in the wild and under domestication, effects of interest for both scientific and conservation purposes.

3 illus, 3 tables, 49 ref

022449   Prakash G;Hosetti B B;Dhananjaya B L (Applied Zoology Dep, Kuvempu Univ, Shankaraghatta, Malligenahalli, Maharashtra, Email: chandu_greeshma@rediffmail.com) : Protective effect of caffeine on ethyl methanesulfonate-induced wing primordial cells of Drosophila melanogaster. Toxic int 2014, 21(1), 96-100.

Antimutagenic effect of caffeine is evaluated against ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-induced mutation rate in Drosophila. The mutation rate is evaluated using wing mosaic assay. In transheterozygous larvae, multiple wing hair (mwh 0.3-3) and flare (flr 3-38.8) genes were used as markers of the extent of mutagenicity. The results at 0.5 and 1.0 mM EMS concentration at both 48 ± 4 and 72 ± 4 h have shown consistent increase in mutation rate, which was being measured as frequency of clone formation per 105 cells. Toxicity of caffeine at 5 mM concentration was parallel to that of distilled water alone. At 0.5 mM EMS concentration at 42 ± 4 and 72 ± 4 h, Drosophila larvae mutation rate was significantly increased. Although caffeine prevented mutation rate in all pre, post, and combined treatment, it was more significant in pretreatment experiments where it was found to be effective in reducing the genotoxicity of EMS. However, the concentration of caffeine as recommended in dietary allowance did not induce the frequency of mutant clones in somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) recorded. This study shows that caffeine significantly reduced the genotoxicity induced by EMS. However, the limitation in completely abolishing genotoxicity induced by EMS as observed at the dietary allowance of caffeine makes it interesting for further in-depth study. Further studies on the molecular mechanism of antigenotoxic effect of caffeine will also be interesting.

1 illus, 2 tables, 27 ref

022448   Pathrade M;Khatri A;Vasundriya R;Jain R (Zoology Dep, M.J.B. Govt. Girls P.G. College, Moti Tabela, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, Email: mamtapathrade@gmail.com) : Bivalvia from bagh beds of Dhar district, Madhya Pradesh. Asian J Anim Sci 2012, 7(2), 121-5.

Marine cretaceous rocks of Narmada Valley are termed as Bagh Beds, they contain.a well developed bivalve fauna in their calcareous top. Four species of bivalves have been reported in this paper which were collected from Bagh Beds in Dhar district, Madhya Pradesh. These species are Astarte sinuicostata, Modiolus solenoides, Pholadomya elliptica, Plicatula deodikari. Although some species have been reported with Aptian to Albian affinities, while - 99 - the overall bivalve fauna indicate Cenomanian to Turonian aspect. Such study would help us to know the environmental setup of that time.

4 illus, 13 ref

022447   Pan S;Sarkar P;Basak A;Dey C;Mitra B (Zoology Dep, Serampore College, Serampore-712 201, Email: chiranjeeb123@yahoo.co.in) : Insect visitors on flowers of Alstonia scholaris in North 24 Parganas, West Bengal. Bionotes 2014, 16(2), 65-6.

1 table, 5 ref

022446   Navdeep Kaur;Dhanju C K (Zoology Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana, Punjab-141 004, Email: navdeepkaur.pau@gmail.com) : Excretory patterns and characteristics of excreta of wild birds of agroecosystems. Adv appl Res 2014, 6(1), 105-7.

022445   Nanware S S;Shinde S;Bhure D B (Zoology Dep, Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya, Nanded, Maharashtra) : Morpho-taxonomic study of a new species of the genus Monieza blanchard, 1891 (cestoda: anoplocephalidae) from Capra hircus L.. Asian J Anim Sci 2012, 7(2), 126-30.

Present investigation deals with morpho-taxonomic study of a new species of the genus Monieza i.e. Moniezia (B) elongata sp. Nov. were collected from Capra hircus L. at Deoni Dist. Latur (M.S.) India. The present parasite comes closer to all known species of the genus Moniezia due to general topography of organ but differs due to scolex rectangular, suckers are oval to rounded, arranged in two groups, mature proglottids square, testes small, rounded and 40-45 in numbers. The cirrus pouch is cylindrical, ovary bilobed, inverted 'U' shaped, vitelline gland is oval, compact, genital pore marginal, vas deferens is thin coiled tube, the interproglottid glands are arranged in two rows, 20 in each rows.

2 illus, 19 ref

022444   Mundhe A Y;Pandit S V (Zoology Dep, Pune Univ, Pune, Maharashtra, Email: drpanditsv@unipune.ac.in) : Assessment of toxicity of monocrotophos in freshwater bivalve, Lamellidens marginalis, using different markers. Toxic int 2014, 21(1), 51-6.

Study was undertaken to evaluate the toxic effects of monocrotophos, a widely used organophosphorus pesticide, on Lamellidens marginalis with a wide battery of biomarkers consisting of AchE inhibition, lipid peroxidation, the levels of antioxidant enzymes, and histopathological changes. Animals were exposed to monocrotophos (52.36 mg/1) for four days. Malondialdehyde (MDA) values were measured as index of oxidation while Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione s-Transferase (GST), and Glutathione-Reductase (GR) were measured as - 98 - index of an antioxidant status. After exposure, a significant reduction of the capability to neutralize radicals was observed. Histopathological changes, such as fibrosis in gill filaments and hypertrophy in mucous cells of foot tissue, were observed after treatment. In a second series of experiment, exposed animals were thereafter transferred to clean water and kept in it up to 28 days to assess the recovery pattern. Significant recovery is observed in AchE and antioxidant enzymes. Oxidative damage observed after acute exposure indicate that mussels faced an oxidative challenge but were able to counteract, as values of anti-oxidants returned near to control values after 28 days. Altered activities in anti-oxidant enzymes due to stress recovered well after 28 days in gill and muscles as compared to foot and mantle. Overall results suggested that oxidative markers are highly sensitive and could be profitably applied to freshwater mussels for environmental quality assessment in freshwater.

2 illus, 32 ref

022443   Lunavath V;Billa S;Mamidala E (Zoology Dep, Kakatiya Univ, Warangal, Andhra Pradesh, Email: estariwarangal.weebly.com ) : In vitro anti-HIV-1 activity of Eclipta alba plant extract. Asian J Anim Sci 2012, 7(2), 135-7.

Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) is the current HIV/AIDS treatment modality. Despite the fact that HAART is very effective in suppressing HIV-1 replication and reducing the mortality of HIV/AIDS patients, it has become increasingly clear that HAART does not offer an ultimate cure to HIV/AIDS. The high cost of the HAART regimen has impeded its delivery to over 90 per cent of the HIV/AIDS population in the world. This reality has urgently called for the need to develop inexpensive alternative anti-HIV/AIDS therapy. This need has further manifested by recent clinical trial failures in anti-HIV-1 vaccines and microbicides. In the current study, we characterized a panel of extracts of traditional medicinal plants for their activities against HIV-1 replication. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro anti- HIV activity of Eclipta alba plant extracts. Extracts were prepared from dried fruits in n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n butanol. Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) were isolated from healthy donors by ficoll-hypaque density gradient centrifugation method. A toxicity study was performed on all crude extracts by MTT assay using PBMCs isolated from whole blood. HIV-1 RT inhibition activity of the all solvent extracts of Eclipta alba was determined by a RetrsoSys HIV-1 RT activity kit (Innovagen, Sweden). The aerial parts of Eclipta alba extracts showed anti-HIV-1 activity and this plant has great potential for developing useful drugs.

2 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

022442   Lawania K K;Trigunayat K;Lawania S K; Trigunayat M M (Zoology Dep, Govt. R.D. Girls College, Bharatpur-321 001, Email: drmnt@rediffmail.com) : Note on spiders in and around Fatehpur Sikri, Agra (Uttar Pradesh). Bionotes 2014, 16(2), 69-70.

1 table, 8 ref

022441   Kalita J C;Baruah B K;Ahmed R;Choudhury S K; Das M (NO, B.K. College of Teacher Education (IASE), Guwahati-781 007, Email: birodekbarhau@rediffmail.com) : Study on wetlands of Guwahati : - 97 - (6). effect of sewage on the liver of fish Heteropneustes fossilis. Pollut Res 2012, 31(1), 87-9.

All types of domestic, municipal and industrial waste together constitute the city sewage. It is highly polluted with regards to physical, chemical and biological characteristics. In the present experiment, fish Heteropneustes fossilis was exposed to the sewage of Guwahati City for a period of 180 days and the liver histology was studied after every 30 days interval. The liver exhibited marked change in the histopattern showing gradually increase in liver damage including vacuolation, degeneration, haemorrhage and fibrotic change in liver cells.

7 illus, 10 ref