000380   Niranjana Devi;Selvi Sabhanayakam M C; Mathivanan V;Ramesh Kumar T (Zoology Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai Nagar-608 002, Email: drsabhanayakam@gmail.com) : Scanning electron microscopic changes in the fat body of adult male cockroach, Periplaneta americana (Dictyoptera: Blattidae) treated with the phytopesticide neem gold. Bioscan 2009, 4(1), 59-62.

Neem pesticides are more reliable, economic, ecofriendly and proved to be environmentally safe and effective against number of insects and pests. Extensive investigations have been carried out the extract obtained from the different parts of the plants of neem against different insect and pest on crop plant. Keeping this in view, the present study is aimed to find out the Scanning Electron Microscopic changes in the fat body of the adult male cockro.ach treated with the sub-lethal concentration (LD 50, 3.0%) of neem gold for 48h. Results revealed that characteristic SEM changes in the fat body of treated insect than control insect such as shrunken ruffled membrane with small pinocytotic pits. The disorganized cytoplasmtc invagination indicates the occurrence of less amount of storage substances may probably be utilized for the insect to avoid the stress during neem gold intoxication.

9 illus, 19 ref

000379   Mondal L;Acharya S (Post-Graduate Studies in Zoology, Rishi Bankim Chandra College, Naihati-743 165, Email: subhendu_acharya2710@yahoo.co.in) : Henneguya gulioae sp. n., a parasite of the gills of catfish, Mystus gulio (Hamilton-buchanan) in West Bengal, India. Geobios 2008, 35(4), 225-8.

A new species of myxozoan (Myxozoa: Bivalvulida), Henneguya gulioae sp. n. is described here from catfish, Mystus gulio collected at Kulia, West Bengal. Plasmodia occurred in the gill filaments. Descriptions of the detailed structure and measurements of the plasmodia and spores are given here.

6 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

000378   Mohanty N;Chainy G B N (P.G. Dep of Zoology, North Orissa Univ, Baripada-757 003, Email: nmohanty@rediffmail.com) : Effect of estradiol on uterine alkaline and acid phosphatases of the musk shrew, Suncus murinus L.. Bioscan 2009, 4(1), 187-90.

Musk shrew is an induced ovulator. Its plasma and ovarian estradiol concentration are very low and do not change in receptive and non-receptive conditions. Therefore, exogenous estradiol was administered to know the genomic responses (biochemical changes) of the uterus of the adult normal musk shrew. The protein content and alkaline phosphatase activity of the uterus in response to estradiol valerate treatment for 7 days were increased significantly. These estradiol-induced elevated levels were prevented in response to actinomycin D treatment. It indicates that there may be selective gene expression in the uterus of the musk shrew by steroid hormone. However, activity of uterine acid phosphatase did not change in response to estradiol valerate treatment for 7 days.

m2 tables, 37 ref

000377   Mitra A (Zoology Dep, Sherubtse College, Kanglung, Bhutan, Email: amitodonata@yahoo.com) : New records of snakes from district Trashigang, eastern Bhutan. Bioscan 2009, 4(1), 15-20.

16 species and subspecies of Serpentes are reported for the first time from District Trashigang, East Bhutan, 10 of which are the new records for Bhutan. A check-list of 35 species and subspecies of snakes known from Bhutan spreading to 23 genera under five families has also been provided, Specimens are deposited in the museum maintained by Department of Zoology, Sherubtse College, Kanglung, Bhutan.

2 illus, 12 ref

000376   Manosathiyadevan M;Selvisabhanayakam; Mathivanan V (Zoology Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar-608 002, Email: manosathiyadevan@yahoo.co.in) : Histopathological observations on the vas deferens of the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium malcolmsonii (Milne edwards) exposed to Paravanar river pollutants. Bioscan 2009, 4(1), 67-73.

The river Paravanar contains effluents from different sources, which affect the aquatic system by depleting and enhancing different physico-chemical parameters thereby affecting the inhabitants. In view of this, impact of Paravanar river pollutants on one of the inhabitants Macrobrachium malcolmsonii, a freshwater prawn was studied. In the study, prawn collected from three stations viz., Station-l (Unpolluted); Station - II (less polluted) and Station - Hi (more polluted) regions showed some remarkable changes in the histological architecture of the vas deferens. It has been revealed that the vas deferens of prawn collected from Station - III was much more affected than that of Station -I and If; this may probably be attributed, due to receiving of effluent sources like untreated industrial, domestic and municipal wastes from the old and new town of Cuddalore, Tamilnadu. The results are discussed in the light of their functional changes by the pollutants.

18 illus, 25 ref

000375   Majumdar U;Mazumdar A (Zoology Dep, Burdwan Univ, Burdwan-713 104) : Post-embryonic development of Einfeldia arcuta SP.N. (Diptera:Chironomidae) of the eastern Himalayas of India with a note on its biology. Geobios 2008, 35(4), 281-5.

Egg, larva, pupa and adult of Einfeldia arcuta n.sp. are described from Darjeeling (West Bengal) and Ziro (Arunachal) of Eastern Himalayas. Observations of the hatching, nature and construction of nests, food and feeding are also described in brief.

1 illus, 15 ref

000374   Lousia M;Selvisabhanayakam (Zoology Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar-608 002, Email: drselvisabhanayakam@gmail.com) : Effect of zoopesticide pygidial secretion on the fat body of adult male insect Odontopus varicornis (Dist.). Bioscan 2009, 4(1), 79-83.

Indiscriminate use of pesticides for the eradication of pests cause tremendous changes to the environment and also to other non target organism. To prevent such contamination of the environment and pests, zoopesticides are in current use. These zoopesticides are cost effective, ecofriendly, safe and sustainable in the field of agriculture. Hence, it has been programmed in the present study to find out the effect of zoopesticide, pygidial secretion on Odontopus varicornis. The subiethal concentration for pygidial secretion was found to be about 2.8% for 48h. When the insects were injected with subiethal concentration 2.8% for 48h revealed histopathological changes in fatbody such as pycnotic and necrotic trophocvtes and highly disintegrated cells with more vacuoles and less granular substances in the cytoplasm, suggesting that these stored substances may be utilized by the treated insect as an energy source under toxic condition.

7 illus, 26 ref

000373   Lodhi H S;Tewari K;Shukla S;Sharma U D (Prawn Research Centre, Zoology Dep, Lucknow Univ, Lucknow-226 007, Email: sanjiveshukla@gmail.com) : Copper sulphate induced fluctuations in total haemocyte counts (THC) of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium lamarrei (Crustacea-Decapoda). J Envir Biosci 2008, 22(2), 135-42.

Fresh water prawn, M. lamarrei was exposed to acute (0.304mg/l; 96 hr LC₅₀) and sub-acute (0.076 mg/l; 25% of 96 hr LC₅₀) concentrations of copper sulphate, showed remarkable alterations in Total Haemocyte Counts (THC_s). An initial increase in THCs was noticed at beginning of the experiments, decreasing at 48 and 72 hr but finally found further increased (2962±204.51 cells/mm³; P<0.05) after 96 hr during acute exposure; and significantly decreased (2900±176.78 cells/mm³; P<0.05) after 30 day in sub-acute exposure than the control ones.

2 illus, 41 ref

000372   Kar J K (Zoology Dep, Kshetarabasi DAV College, Nirakarpur, Khurda-752 019) : Taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution of Eri silkmoth Samia ricini. Bull Indian Acad Seric 2008, 12(2), 54-9.

There has been a lot of confusion regarding the taxonomic status and nomenclature of eri silkmoth. This moth has long been considered as sub-species of Samia cynthia Drury, a native of China. Samia ricini is not considered a separate species by many, but as a domesticated form still cultivated on a large scale (Peigler, 1992). Most of the Indian and Japanese authors consider this name either virtually at the status of a species [e.g. Samia ricini (Boisduval) = Phylosamia ricini (Mutton)] or a subspecies of Samia cynthia (Drury) (= Samia cynthia ricini Drury). Peigler and Naumann (2003) took the task of deciding the true identity of the eri silkmoth. They accepted the nomenclature of eri silk moth as Samia ricini. There is some confusion and uncertainty regarding the correct authorship of the name ricini, which is derived from its favourite food plant, the castor bean (Ricinus communis L.). Some authors have attributed the name to Boisduval (1854), but his paper does not contain a valid description, and the name ricini was already in wide usage several decade earlier (Peigler and Naumann,2003). Various authors have consequently attributed the name ricini to either Jones, Anderson or Donovan, in addition to Boisduval. Therefore, following the Article 14 and 50.1 of the Code (1999), Peigler and Naumann (2003) have cited the authorship as "Anonymous" since thy have not been able to determine the earliest author to have validated the name.

21 ref

000371   Joshi S K (Zoology Dep, S.S.J. Campus, Kumaun Univ, Almora, Uttarakhand) : Fecundity of a fresh water teleost, Botia almorhae (Day). J Envir Biosci 2008, 22(2), 167-71.

The fecundity of Botia almorhae has ranged from 908-3616 with a total range of length from 76-154 mm. The correlation in between fecundity and total length and body weight and fecundity of the fish has been observed which is highly significant (the coefficient of condition r=0.986682 and 0.96793, respectively).

2 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

000370   Das T C;Banerjee S (Aquaculture Research Unit, Zoology Dep, Calcutta Univ, Kolkata-700 019) : Eradication of predatory and other unwanted fishes in carp culture nursery pond by phytotoxin from leaf of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and seed of yellow-oleander (Thevetia peruviana). Envir Ecol 2008, 26(4B), 1941-4.

Since long, chemical toxicants were first used to eradicate unwanted populations from culture ponds and lakes throughout the world. But the synthetic chemical toxicants are usually non-degradable and may create many ecological and environmental hazards. Considering the problems of fish farmers to eradicate unwanted fishes, attempts were made to evaluate the effect of phytotoxin extracted from the leaf dust of Lycopersicon esculentum (LLD) and seed dust of Thevetia peruviana (TSD). These plant toxicants are economic, easily available and easy to apply without affecting the natural aquatic balance and public health due to their least persistence in aquatic environment.

2 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

000369   Das D;Deb D C (Zoology Dep, North Bengal Univ, Raja Rammohunpur-734 430) : Free amino acid contents in the haemolymph of healthy and diseased Antheraea assama WW (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) larvae. Bull Indian Acad Seric 2008, 12(1), 67-77.

Comparative changes in the concentration of haemolymph free amino acids were estimated in healthy and diseased (bacteriosis) fourth and fifth instar muga silkworms, Antheraea assama Ww (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) reared on two major host plants Som (Machilus bombycina King) and Soalu (Litsaea polyantha Juss). Seventeen free amino acids were recorded in the haemolymph of which nine were essential. The total free amino acid content was the highest in the fifth instar larvae reared on soalu plant. Nonessential amino acids were quantitatively higher than the essential amino acids irrespective of the host plants. There was a depletion of free amino acid content in the haemolymph of both the instars of diseased (bacteriosis) worms reared on som plant. Results were correlated to various biochemical importances of amino acids in context to disease of silkworms.

3 illus, 1 table, 38 ref

000368   Biswas B K;Hassan M A;Mukherjee A (NO, Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata-700 120) : Abundance and seasonal variation of benthic macroinvertebrates in an Ox bow lake in West Bengal, India. Envir Ecol 2008, 26(4B), 2112-15.

Benthic macroinvertebrates were studied from the ox-bow lake Sindrani in the district of North 24-Parganas in West Bengal. Total zoobenthos ranged from 42 to 1,043 nos./m² with an average of 283 nos./ m². Zoobenthos were highest (av 425 nos./m²) in monsoon followed by post-monsoon (av 210 nos/m²) and pre-monsoon (av 179 nos/m²). In monsoon, oligochaetes dominated with 58.28% followed by gastropods (30.74%) and dipterans (10.43%). In pre-monsoon and post-monsoon the order was : Gastropoda> Diptera > Oligochaeta. Dominance of oligochaetes in monsoon was possibly due to heavy jute retting in this wet land. Gastropoda was represented by 11 genera followed by Diptera (5), Oligochaeta (2) and Odonata (1).

1 table, 29 ref

000367   Bhattacharyya D R;Anil Prakash;Mohapatra P K; Sarma D K;Mahanta J (NO, Regional Medical Research Centre, NE Region, Indian Council of Medical Research, Post Box No. 105, Dibrugarh-786 001, Email: icmrrcdi@hub.nic.in) : Occurrence of Aedes (Stegomyia) krombeini (Diptera: Culicidae) in Assam, India. Entomon 2008, 33(4), 275-6.

This communication reports the occurrence of Aedes (Ste-gomyia) krombeini Huang in Pobitora wild life sanctuary, Assam, India.

1 illus, 6 ref

000366   Anitha Rani A;Mahalingam V (G. S. Gill Research Institute, Guru Nanak College, Chennai-600 042, Email: maligowri@hotmail.com) : Record of a new gregarine parasite (Xipocephalus sp.) of the dragonfly, Diplacodes trivialis (Rambur). Entomon 2008, 33(4), 285-8.

A new species of the gregarine protozoan belonging to the genus Xiphocephalus was recorded parasitizing the adults of the dragonfly, Diplacodes trivialis (Rambur) collected from the scrub jungle ecosystem. The uniqueness of the species is with the epimerite that is in the form of an elongated deltoid process with a bulbous terminal end.

2 illus, 11 ref

000365   Ambrose D P;Ambrose A D;Jeyanthi N;Maran S P M (Entomology Research Unit, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Palayankottai-627 002, Email: eruxavier@gmail.com) : Relative toxicity of two organophosphorous insecticides and polymorphic resistance in Rhynocoris marginatus (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Entomon 2008, 33(4), 227-32.

T. Rhynocoris marginatus (Fabricius) is a polymorphic reduviid predator on insect pests. It exists in three different morphs; (1) with black connexivum (niger); (2) with red connexivum (sanguineous) and with black and red banded connexivum (nigrosanguineous). Relative toxicity of two organophosphates viz., monocrotophos and methyl parathion to R. marginatus was assessed through bioassay and the latter was found to be comparatively more toxic. R. marginatus resisted organophosphates by detoxification through carboxyl esterase activity. Thus, the niger morph with higher and sanguineous morph with lower carboxyl esterase activity were the most resistant and sensitive morphs, respectively. Above findings are useful to screen the insecticides and predators for integrated pest management programmes.

2 tables, 19 ref

000364   Ahad Najam K A;Siddique M S;Deshpande V D (Post-Graduate Dep of Zoology, NES Science College, Nanded-431 602, Email: k-naju07@yahoo.com) : Two new species of the genus Anarete haliday (Lestremiinae: Diptera) from Maharashtra, India. Geobios 2008, 35(4), 229-32.

Two new males viz. Anarete trilobata and Anarete vishnupurensis from Maharashtra are described and illustrated here. A key to known Indian species of the genus is also given.

16 illus, 9 ref

023913   Yadav R K;Tiwari J N (Zoology Dep, T.D. College, Jaunpur-222 002) : Structure of ovary of hadda beetle, Epilachna dodecastigma muls.. J expl Zool 2008, 11(1), 109-11.

Ovary of E. dodecastigma is of telotrophic type having 50 to 55 ovarioles. Each ovariole can be distinguished into a terminal filament (TF), germarium (GE) and vitllarium (VT), The germarium consists of germinal cells at various stages of maturation, density packed trophocytes and prefolliculor tissue. The oocyte of germarium after enlargement enters the vitellarium and gets incircled by a multilayered follicular epithelium which later on, reduces to one layer of columnar cells. The oocyte exhibits fine granular ooplasm and a subglobular nucleus. The nucleoplasm shows faintly stainable fine reticulum. The follicular epithelial cells at the time of yolk deposition become cuboidal. The yolk deposition starts on the III day after emergence. In VI day old beetle, the ovarioles increase in size as well as the entire oocyte gets filled with densely packed yolk bodies. At the same time follicular epithelial cells disappear and the female produces oocyte and becomes capable for laying the eggs.

3 illus, 14 ref

023912   Yadav R;Haldar C;Pandey L K (Pineal Research Lab, Zoology Dep, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi-221 005) : Peripheral melatonin concentration and its correlation with estradiol and progesterone levels during different months of pregnancy and after delivery in women. J Endocr Reprod 2008, 12(2), 80-6.

There is lack of basic information about peripheral melatonin level and its relationship with gestational hormones i.e., estrogens and progesterone, in human females. The present study addressed this issue and aimed to find the relationship between the levels of melatonin and estrogen and progesterone during different weeks of gestation, during parturition and during post-partum. The data suggest that there is a definite ratio of melatonin with both the steroids hormons before and during gestation as well as post-partum. An inverse relationship between the levels of estrogen and melatonin was observed in non-pregnant and post-partum women, while a direct relationship was observed during gestation. These two different types of hormonal relationships might be essential for maintenance of pregnancy. The inverse relationship of melatonin with progesterone during parturition may serve as a signal for parturition.

4 illus, 48 ref

023911   Walvekar M V;Pillai M M;Methe K N;Bhopale L P (Biotechnology Dep, KIT Engg. College, Kolhapur-416 004) : Modulatory effects of centrophenoxine on salivary glands in D-galactose induced aged female mice. J Endocr Reprod 2008, 12(2), 90-5.

Three month old female mice were ovariectomised and after 4 days the mice were separated into six groups, I) ovariectomized, II) ovariectomized + D-galactose treated, HI) ovariectomized + D-galactose treated + Tween 80, IV) ovariectomized + D-galactose & centrophenoxine treated, V) ovariectomized D-galactose treated + olive oil injected, and VI) ovariectomized + D-galactose treated + estrogen injected. After 15 days the mice were sacrificed. The protein concentration, amylase activity, lipid peroxidation and fluorescence product were measured in various salivary glands, viz., submandibular, sublingual, and parotid. In ovariectomized (group II) and ovariectomized + D-galactose treated (group III) mice the protein concentration and amylase activity of various salivary glands decreased, while lipid peroxidation and fluorescence product increased. In ovariectomized + D-galactose + centrophenoxine treated (group IV) and ovariectomized + D-galactose treated + estrogen injected (group VI) mice protein concentration and amylase activity in the salivary glands increased, while lipid peroxidation and fluorescence product decreased. These results reveal that centrophenoxine, and therefore aging, has modulatory effects on salivary glands in D-galactose induced aged female mice.

8 tables, 16 ref

023910   Vijayasree A S;Rejitha V;Peter V S;Oommen O V;Peter M C S (Zoology Dep, Kerala Univ, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram-695 581) : Interrenal response in climbing perch (Anabas testudineus Bloch) to nitrate exposure: hydrominral and metabolic considerations. J Endocr Reprod 2008, 12(2), 73-9.

The physiological response of climbing perch to water-borne nitrate, an important component of the effluents of coconut husk retting, was examined to identify the mechanism of nitrate tolerance in fish. Indices of interrenal function, and metabolic and osmoregulatory homeostasis were analyzed in fish treated with potassium nitrate. Nitrate loading in water for 48 h produced a significant increase in the plasma cortisol by a low dose (247 μM), whereas a higher dose (494 μM) had little effect. A remarkable cortisol surge was found in the nitrate-treated fish kept for recovery in clean water for 96 h, which correlated with the rise in the plasma Na⁺. Glucose, lactate and Na⁺ concentrations in the plasma showed reduction in the nitrate-exposed fish, whereas plasma urea increased. Nitrate exposure had little influence on the gill and kidney Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase activities but had a stimulatory effect on liver Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase activity, indicating a major role of liver in nitrate tolerance. Overall, the present data indicate that nitrate exposure induces an integrated stress response in climbing perch as a result of an activated interrenal axis and disturbed metabolic and hydromineral regulations. This suggests a protective role of cortisol in the regulation of nitrate tolerance in this fish.

3 illus, 1 table, 32 ref

023909   Verma V;Prasad Y (Animal Science Dep, M.J.P. Rohilkhand Univ, Bareilly-243 006, Email: yogendraps_2004@yahoo.co.in) : Detection of Flavobacterium columnare in experimentally infected Clarias batrachus by using immunofluorescence technique. J expl Zool 2008, 11(1), 19-24.

Gram-negative, yellowish-green, rod-shaped bacterium (F. columnare) has been identified as an aetiological agent of columnaris disease in catfishes. It caused considerable mortality in Indian catfish, Clarias batrachus of Sarda and Nanak Sagar reservoirs of Uttarakhand and found to be a potential pathogen. Out of 2100 fishes examined 110 catfishes were found highly infected with columnaris disease. There were maximum difficulties in the isolation and identification of a causal organism which sometimes led to misdiagnosis and uncertainty over its potential aetiology. This paper describes the immunofluorescence technique for rapid detection of F. columnare in smear preparation and formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue of experimentally infected fish by utilizing polyclonal antisera raised in rabbit against 'H' antigen of F. columnare. The distribution and tissue localization of bacterium have been compared with experimentally infected fishes to that of smear prepared slide of pure culture colony of test bacterium and naturally infected fish.

6 illus, 1 table, 35 ref

023908   Venkatraman C;Padmanaban P (Marine Biological Station, Zoological Survey of India, 130, Santhome High Road, Chennai-600 028, Email: cvramanmbs@yahoo.com) : Cochin banded sea snake, Hydrophis ornatus (Gray, 1842): a new record for Chennai coast, east coast of India (Reptilia: Serpentes: Hydrophiidae). Scient Trans Envir Technovation 2009, 3(1), 48-9.

Morphometric and meristic characters and other diagnostic features of the rare Cochin Banded Se Snake, Hydrophis arnatus (Gray, 1842) a new record at Chennai Coast, South India has been described.

^ssc1 illus, 13 ref

023907   Vedpathak A N;Dhakane K R (Zoology Dep, Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada Univ, Aurangabad-431 004) : Size dependent seasonal variation in the O:N ratio of freshwater bivalve mollusc, Lamellidens marfinalis (Lamark) from Godavari river at Kaigaon near Aurangabad. J Envir Biosci 2008, 22(1), 113-20.

Reports the size dependent seasonal variation in the O:N ratio (ratio of oxygen consumption to nitrogen excretion), which is the index of protein utilization of freshwater bivalve molluscs. The bivalves of specific sizes i.e. small (46-52mm in shell-length), medium (62-65mm in shell- length), and large (80-84 mm in shell-length), were selected for determination of O:N ratio during different seasons viz summer, pre-monsoon, post-monsoon and winter. The bivalves of small and medium size showed high values of O:N ratio compared to large ones. The values of O:N ratio were found greater during summer and winter season.

3 illus, 24 ref

023906   Tripathi P N;Kodesia S;Raj Narain;Yadav P R (Zoology Dep, K. S. Saket P.G. College, Ayodhya, Faizabad-224 123, Email: pntripathiphd@yahoo.co.in) : Evolution and adaptation of neuroendocrine organs and neurosecretion upto pterygote insects : A look on the past. J expl Zool 2008, 11(1), 1-18.

Deals with the origin and evolution of the neuroendocrine organs and neurosecretion in the lower animals in general and up to the pterygote insects in particular. The initiation of neurons is traced from the coelenterates and the gradual complexity of the neurohormonal advancement is noticed. The neurosecretory cells are the key endocrine organs in insects. These are present throughout the insect orders. Their secretion is dye specific- acidophilic or/and basophilic. This property forms a criterion for their identity and nomenclature. The article further describes the structure and function of neuroendocrine organs, viz, neurosecretory cells, corpora cardiaca, corpora allata, ecdysial glands and aorta of the insects belonging to Heteroptera, Homoptera, Dermaptera, Orthoptera, Dictyoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Isoptera, Coleoptera, Odonata, etc. The description on neurosecretory cells covers their general features, staining methods, nomenclature, classification, multiplicity and activity including the optic lobe neurosecretory cells, storage and release of neurosecretory materials, peripheral neurons and neurohaemal organs and the insect v/s vertebrate neuropeptides. Information on the histochemical studies that have been done and the work that has to be conducted to fill up the gap in our knowledge is also indicated. There fore, the ensuing discussion will provide some basic anatomical and physiological aspects of neurosecretory system in insects as well as a review of the earlier contributions in this field.

1 illus, 146 ref

023905   Tripathi N K;Sadhotra M (Zoology Dep, University of Jsammu, Jammu (J&K)) : Chromosomal studies of two species of butterflies (Nymphalidae : Lepidoptera) from J & K. Natn J Life Sci 2008, 5(1), 29-34.

Mitotic and meiotic chromosomes of Danaus chrysippus and Ergolis merione were studied after ill vitro treatment with 0.1 % colchicine. The chromosomes bore typical dot like or elongated structures. Karyotype of the mitotic metaphase chromosomes on the basis of size and morphology showed 2n=60 in D.chrysippus and 2n=54 in E.merione. Moreover, different meiotic stages from testes of these two species also confirmed their diploid number.

17 illus, 16 ref

023904   Tripathi N K;Jamwal P (Zoology Dep, Jammu University, Jammu (J&K)) : Cytological studies on two species of weevils (Coleoptera : Curculionidae : Entiminae). Natn J Life Sci 2008, 5(1), 75-83.

Chromosome studies on two species of weevils belonging to the same genus under the family Curculionidae and subfamily Entiminae viz. Myllocerus kashmiriensis Marshall and Myllocerus kashmiriensis Hbst. were carried out. Spermatogonial metaphase spreads of Myllocerus kusshmiriensis revealed the diploid chromosome number 2n=22(10AA+Xyp). This was confirmed by the presence of 11 bivalents in metaphase-l plate. The diploid number ascertained from spermatogonial metaphase spreads of Myllocerus trasmarinus revealed 2n=22. In both the species, the sex chromosomes consisted of a large X and a small y chromosome forming parachute association.

18 illus, 4 tables, 28 ref

023903   Tripathi N K;Dubey A (P.G. Zoology Dep, University of Jammu, Jammu, (J & K)) : Monitoring seasonal variations in micronuclei in Channa punctatus from a natural habitat. Natn J Life Sci 2008, 5(2), 277-80.

The frequency of micronuclei was assessed in peripheral blood cells of Channa punctatus, collected during different seasons. The results showed that there was a seasonal variation in frequency of micronuclei in c.punctatus. It was highest during the spring season and nil in monsoon season.

1 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

023902   Tripathi G;Kachwaha N;Dabi I (Zoology Dep, Jai Narain Vyas Univ, Jodhpur-342 001, Email: drgst@rediffmail.com) : General properties of cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase from some tropical earthworms. J expl Zool 2008, 11(1), 29-32.

Spectrophotometric studies were carried out on the kinetic properties of cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase (cMDH) from three species of tropical earthworms (Metaphire posthuma, Perionyx sansibaricus, Lampito mauritii). The apparent maximum velocity (V_max) of cMDH of Perionyx sansibaricus was higher than that of Lampito mauritii and Metaphire posthuma with oxaloacetate or NADH as variable substrates. This indicates the high metabolic activities in Perionyx sansibaricus being an epigeic earthworm and the low metabolism in the endo-anecic earthworm, Metaphire posthuma. The kinetic constant (K_m) of cMDH of the earthworms with oxaioacetate as substrate was higher than that obtained with NADH showing higher affinity of the enzyme for NADH.

6 illus, 10 ref

023901   Tiwari J N;Yadava R K (Zoology Dep, T.D. College, Jaunpur-222 002) : Epilachna dodecastigma (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae)- a notorious pest of ribbed gourd, Ruffa acutangula (L.). J expl Zool 2008, 11(1), 217-19.

Host selection of Epilachna dodecastigma was surveyed in locality of Jaunpur, eastern part of U P. The adult beetle is polyphagous and feeds mainly on the leaves and flowers of Luffa acutangula L. (Cucarbitaceae; Cucurbitales: Dicotyledon). The beetle feeds the parenchyma of leaves from the underside, leaving the upper epidermis intact. This gives the leaf a lacy 'skeletonized' appearance. The larvae (grubs) also eat the leaves and do much more damage than the adult beetles.

1 illus, 11 ref

023900   Tandon P;Sirohi A (Zoology Dep, D.A.V. College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh) : Insecticidal activity of three plant extracts on Dysdercus cingulatus Fabr. Natn J Life Sci 2008, 5(2), 287-90.

Determines the insecticidal effectiveness of three plant extracts i.e. Spilanthus paniculata, Azadirachta indica-and Zingiber officinale on Dysdercus cingulatus Fabr. This is one of most damazing pest of cotton crop as well as lady finger crop. To assess the insecticidal properties of all three extracts, three concentrations (0.50% 1.0% and 1.5%) were prepared from stock solution. A control group of bugs was exposed to a methanol + emulsified water. The insecticidal effect of extracts tested in laboratory. Azadirachta indica LC(50) 0.579% proven more efficient than Zingiber officinale LC(50) 1.086% and Spilanthus paniculata LC(50) 2.693% in laboratory.

2 tables, 13 ref

023899   Suryawanshi R B;Kalse A T;Chaudhari P B (Zoology Dep, G.E.T's Art's and Science College, Nagaon, Dhule, Maharashtra) : Moniezia (Blanchariezia) punensis N.SP. from Capra hircus at Pune (M.S.). Life Sci Bull 2008, 5(1), 89-92.

Deals with a new species of the genus Moniezia, Blanchard, 1891 subgenus Blanchariezia, Skrjabin and Schulz,1937, viz. Moniezia (B) punensis n.sp. The present tapeworm differs from all other species of genus Moniezia (B) in having scolex medium, quadrangular in shape, with four suckers, neck medium, mature segments broader than long, craspedote, with double set of reproductive organs; testes 110-120 in number, medium, oval in shape; ovary large in size, cup shaped; cirrus pouch medium in size, cirrus was unarmed; vas deferens long and coiled; vagina was thin tube posterior to cirrus pouch; seminal receptacle was present; ootype was medium, oval in shape; genital pore medium, in the center of the segment; intcrproglottidal glands 18-22 in number; vitelline gland medium, oval in shape, post ovarian.

1 illus, 15 ref

023898   Suryawanshi G D (Zoology Dep, Yogeshwari Mahavidyalaya, Ambajogai, Beed-413 517) : Changes in lipid content of oyster, Crassostrea cattuckensis during accumulation and depuration of mercury. J expl Zool 2008, 11(1), 161-4.

Oysters, Crassostrea cattuckensis were exposed to sublethal levels of mercury for 15 days for metal accumulation and next 15 days of metal detoxification. During 15 days metal exposed oysters to 0.01 and 0.04 ppm concentrations there was increased lipid significantly in all body parts when compared to experimental control. The increased rate upon 15 days in low concentration was from gonad (102.76), mantle (48.80), hepatopancreas (46.39), gill (45.72), adductor muscle (41.01) and siphon (22.75). While in high concentration was from gonad (112.07), mantle (90.91), gill (84.77), adductor muscle (78.78), siphon (71.57) and hepatopancreas (60.85) when it was compared with control. Further, the content increased more in siphon (39.77) followed by mantle (28.95), gill (26.80), adductor muscle (26.79), hepatopancreas (9.88), gonad (4.60) when it was compared with low concentration group. Whereas, during detoxification process the lipid was more increased significantly in 0.01 ppm from mantle (8.69) followed by adductor muscle (8.53), hepatopancreas (6.44), gill (5.59), siphon (5.53) and gonad (1.92). In 0.04 ppm from siphon (54.20), hepatopancreas (22.05), adductor muscle (20.99), gonad (20.45), gill (15.35) and mantle (12.22) when compared with experimental group. On the other hand the lipid was more decreased among all the body parts of oysters when compared with respective metal concentration group of 15 days exposed to metal. The decrease trend was in 0.01 ppm from gonad (45.75), mantle (25.88), gill (25.82), hepatopancreas (25.11), adductor muscle (15.57), and siphon (4.25). In 0.04 ppm it was from mantle (40.65), gonad (38.70), gill (36.09), hepatopancreas (26.41), adductor muscle (25.76) and siphon (0.56).

1 table, 21 ref

023897   Sunita Singh (Zoology Dep, Govt. Girls P.G. Auto. College of Excellence, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh) : Cadmium induced fish ovarian dysfunction and selenium treatment as antidote. Life Sci Bull 2008, 5(1), 39-42.

Selenium is an essential micronutrient for human beings and fresh water animal. The selenium is known to control the aquatic environment and protect injury to the animals. Protection of the aquatic environment by selenium is an important function and has attracted the attention of scientists presently all over the world. The study was designed to investigate the acute effect of cadmium in the ovary of fish Glorias batrachus. In order to elucidate the effect of supplementation of selenium, on protective role against cadmium toxicity was observed. The abnormalities were seen in the ovary of cadmium exposed fishes. In case of selenium supplementation, cadmium was found accumulated in the ovary, however effect was delayed remarkably. This repairing mechanism strongly suggests in the protective mechanism of selenium treatment against the acute cadmium toxicity.

7 illus, 9 ref

023896   Suja N;Muthiah P (NO, Tuticorin Research Centre of CMFR Institute, Tuticorin-628 001, Email: nsuja_r@yahoo.co.uk) : Allometric relationships of the clam Marcia opima (Gmelin, 1791), collected from two longitudinally separated areas. Indian J Fish 2008, 55(3), 281-3.

The relationship between various morphological attributes such as shell-on weight, length, width, height, wet meat weight and dry meat weight of the baby clam, Marcia opima was studied from two longitudinally separated localities viz., Tuticorin Bay along the south-east coast and Ashtamudi Lake along the south-west coast of India. Using the equation, W= aL^b, the relationship between length and shell-on weight was established. The relation between a part and the whole body or between parts of a growing animal is described by the general equation Y = a+bX. The slope values of the length - weight relationship of the baby clam followed the cube law. It was also observed that true allometric relationships exist between weights and linear measurements. The values of correlation coefficient for different morphological relationships were very close to unity. Length is found to be the most useful parameter to predict other biomass parameters from field study.

^ssc1 table, 12 ref

023895   Sreeranjini A R;Iyyangar M P;Pramodkumar D (NO, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary Univ, Tirupati, Chittoor-517 502) : Histological study of renal corpuscles and juxta glomerular apparatus in apanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Indian J Anim Sci 2008, 78(12), 1365-7.

The study was conducted on kidneys of 25 adult Japanese quails. Fresh specimens fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, Bouin's and Zenker's solutions were processed by routine paraffin embedding technique and sections were stained by Mayer's haemalum-eosin- phloxine and Grossman's modification of Mallory's triple stain methods. Renal corpuscles were of 2 types-smaller and larger. Smaller renal corpuscles were in large numbers and were distributed towards the periphery of renal cortex. Larger renal corpuscles were seen closer to renal medulla and were only few in numbers. The parietal layer of Bowman's capsule in both types of renal corpuscles was lined by squamous epithelial cells with fusiform nucleus. Visceral layer showed cuboidal podocytes projecting into the capsular space. A juxta glomerular apparatus consisting of macula densa, afferent and efferent arterioles, extra glomerular mesangial cells or lacis cells or goormaghtigh cells and juxta glomerular cells was also observed in the present study.

4 illus, 18 ref

023894   Sood N;Raja Swaminathan T;Rathore G (National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, , Canal Ring Road, Lucknow-226 002, Email: nsood@nbfgr.res.in) : Purification and partial characterization of serum immunoglobulins of Channa striatus (Bloch). Indian J Fish 2008, 55(3), 257-60.

Channa striatus immunoglobulin (Ig) was purified from serum by affinity chromatography using bovine serum albumin as capture ligand. The purified Ig had a molecular weight (MW) of 820 kDa as determined with gel filtration chromatography. Under reducing SDS-PAGE, the Ig molecule was shown to consist of two subunits, heavy and light chain having a MW of 70.4 and 25.3 kDa, respectively. A high MW band was observed in non-reducing SDS-PAGE, suggesting tetrameric structure.

9 illus, 25 ref

023893   Solanki G S;Chutia P (Zoology Dep, Mizoram University, Tanhril Campus, Aizawl, Mizoram) : Entomotherapy in tribal communities in Arunachal Pradesh. Natn J Life Sci 2008, 5(2), 281-4.

Folk medicines are part of tribal culture and use of arthropods in therapeutic activities among the tribes of Arunachal Pradesh are common. The modes of applications differ with arthropod species and nature of illness. Major preparations are powder, extract, paste, and consumption of whole animals and the various developmental stages also.

1 table, 32 ref

023892   Singh S P (Zoology Dep, Govt P.G. Autonomous College, Satna, Madhya Pradesh) : Role of monkeys in seed dispersion at Chitrakoot area (M.P.). Natn J Life Sci 2008, 5(1), 103-4.

The rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) and Hanuman langur (Presbytis entellus) are the most common monkeys of Chitrakoot area. They are largely vegetarian, there diet includes stems, leaves, flowers, pods, fruits, berries and seeds. During present investigation monkeys have been found as effective long distance dispersal agents, for the seeds of many plant species in Chitrakoot area.

8 ref

023891   Singh R;Chaturvedi S K;Abhinav;Srivastava S J (Zoology Dep, Satish Chandra P.G. College, Ballia-277 001) : Histomorphological changes in the interstitial cells in relation to testicular cycle of a freshwater murrel Channa punctatus (Bloch). J expl Zool 2008, 11(1), 39-43.

Male Channa punctatus show marked seasonal changes in the interstitial cells in relation to the testicular cycle. Interstitial cells show maximum activity during the prespawning phase while their minimum activity were observed during resting phase. Thus, interstitial cells exhibit a close relationship with testicular development. The functional aspects of interstitial cells have also been discussed.

7 illus, 1 table, 40 ref

023890   Singh P (Zoology Dep, M.M.V., Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh) : Effect of 1,2,3 trihydroxypropane on the male reproductive organs of the laboratory mouse. Natn J Life Sci 2008, 5(1), 85-90.

Effects of an intratesticular administration of 1, 2, 3 Trihydroxypropane (THP) were studied at intervals of 1, 3 and 6 weeks on the testis, accessory sex glands and fertility of the laboratory mouse belonging to the Parkes (P) strain. A single intra testicular administration of an aqueous solution of THP (50μl/testis) induced significant reductions in the weights of the testis and epididymis, however, the weights of the accessory sex glands remained unaltered as compared with the controls. Histological examinations revealed duration-dependent degenerative changes with appearance of multinucleated giant cells in the seminiferous tubule in the treated testis. Fertility of the THP-treated males declined significantly as compare WI the controls. However, the mating ability, level of seminal vesicular fructose and activity of D⁵ 3b hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the Leydig cells in the testis remained unaffected indicating an unaltered androgen status of the animal after THP treatment.

6 illus, 3 tables, 18 ref

023889   Shendge A N;Mane U H (Zoology Dep, Tuljaram Chaturchand College, Baramati-413 102) : Status of gonads in relation to total length and gonadosomatic index in freshwater cichlid fish Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) from Pune district, Maharashtra. J expl Zool 2008, 11(1), 137-40.

Study of gonads in relation to GSI and TL of freshwater cichlid fish, Oreochrontis mossambicus (Peters), have been studied from Pune District, Maharashtra. The minimum GSI were observed in the month of December in males and August in females. The highest values of GSI observed in the month of February in both the sexes may be attributed towards the peak period of maturity. The GSI provides an idea regarding the spawning behaviour of the present fish from the study area. The maximum GSI of the fishes were observed in the length groups of 145-154 mm in males and 145-149 mm in females. In the present study GSI is found to be directly proportional to spawning behaviour and it does not show any correlation with total length in the present fish.

2 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

023888   Shendge A N (Zoology Dep, Tuljaram Chaturchand College, Baramati-413 102) : Ichthyofaunal diversity of Ujani dam. J expl Zool 2008, 11(1), 147-50.

Fish fauna of Ujani dam were collected for the present study. The result of present investigation confirmed the occurrence of twenty four fish species belonging to eight orders. The order Cypriniformes was dominant with ten species followed by order Perciformes with four species and order Siluriformes with three species while the order Osteoglossiformes and order Synbranchiformes were represented by two species each and rest of the orders (Chspeiformes, Mugiliformes and Aulopiformes) by single species. The fishes recorded were found to be widely distributed and had good numbers in the dam.

1 table, 24 ref

023887   Shayan A;Rafinejad J;Basseri H R (Qurantee Dep, Plant Protection Organization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tehran, Iran) : Rodent species in Lorestan province, southern Iran. J expl Zool 2008, 11(1), 185-9.

Investigation was carried out in 30 to 50 locations in order to determine the rodent species in the context of the ecosystem in Khoram-Abbad during June 2002 to April 2003. The study area is located in mountainous range, Zagrous mountain chains, Southwest of Iran. Generally, tarps were placed in 24 fixed and 5-25 unfixed localities in each area and then the rodent were identified and classified. Totally, 168 rodents were trapped which categorized in three families; nine genera and nine species. Meriones persicus was the most dominant species (38.09%) while Sciurus anomalus had the least frequent species (1.19%). The highest biodiversity (7 species) was observed in altitude between 1800-2000 meters from sea level. In contrast, by decreasing altitude to 800-1200 meters, diversity of species changed to 2 species (Mus musculus and Rattus rattus) while these species were rare in altitude more than 1400 meters.

10 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

023886   Sharma S;Ghosh N (Zoology Dep, Govt. Arts and Science College, Durg, Chhatisgarh) : Behaviour of chromosomes during spermatogenesis in Aulacophora foveicollis (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae). Life Sci Bull 2008, 5(1), 81-3.

Deals with the chromosomal behaviour during the process of spermatogenesis in A. foveicollis along with the nucleolar persistence. The presence of the nucleolar vacuole inside the nucleolus and an unstained perinucleolar ring are the remarkable features. During spermateliosis, the elongating sperm nucleus appears as a flattened leaf or trypanosome like structure. The flattened margins of the spermated nucleus roll up to unite with the result, the nucleus encloses a tube like space within it. At further elongation and condensation of the sperm nucleus, the tubular space is lost.

25 illus, 7 ref

023885   Sharma D N;Bhattacharya L (Zoology and Biotechnology Dep, Vikram university, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh) : Effect of heavy metal - cadmium chloride on thyroid physiology of Musculus albinus. Natn J Life Sci 2008, 5(2), 269-76.

The histological and histochemical state of the thyroid gland of Musculus albinos was observed after 7, 14 and 21 days treatment of heavy metal salt cadmium chloride (0.5 ml/day of 0.5 ppm). The administration of cadmium chloride produced hyperplasia in the cells of epithelial layer, enlargement of thyroid follicles, liquification of colloid and acolloidal condition. The proliferation of epithelial cells were prominent in treated groups. The follicular diameter of CdCI₂ treated group were significantly (P<0.001) increased exhibiting goitrous nature of the gland. The population of blue follicles were significantly (P<0.001) decreased and red coloured follicles were significantly (P<0.01) higher in treated groups. The serum cholesterol and T. level were decreased upto 21 days exposure. The intencity of damage caused by cadmium chloride increased with time and concentration of cadmium indicating that the toxic effects are dosdependent in nature.

12 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref

023884   Sethi V K;Bhatt D (Avian Diversity and Bioacoustics Lab, Zoology and Environmental Scienc, Gurukula Kangri Univ, Haridwar-249 404, Email: dineshharidwar@gmail.com) : Call repertoire of an endemic avian species, the Indian chat Cercomela fusca. Curr Sci 2008, 94(9), 1173-9.

Almost all birds produce acoustic signals either in the form of calls or songs or both, while communicating. These signals play an important role in their social life. Songs play a somewhat restricted role in many species in territorial establishment and mate attraction, while calls are generally used for immediate requirements throughout the year and seem to be more important than the songs. The study deals with the physical characteristics and significance of different types of calls used by the Indian chat, Cercomela fusca. A total of eight types of calls, namely territorial calls, begging call, feeding call, alarm call, threat call, contact call, distress call, and roosting and emergence calls were observed in the call repertoire of this species. Three of these are used by the young ones, while adults produce the remaining five types. The possible functions of these call-types have been deduced from the contexts under which they are produced.

2 illus, 1 table, 58 ref

023883   Sethi R S;Roy K S (NO, Guru Angad Veterinary and Animal Sciences Univ, Ludhiana-141 004) : Histoenzymic distribution of esterases in adrenal gland during prenatal development in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Indian J Anim Sci 2008, 78(12), 1359-60.

The study included the adrenal glands of 9 buffalo foetuses ranging from 100 mm to 890 mm crown-rump length (CRL). The non specific esterases activity was weak in the capsule, stroma and capillaries, strong to intense in the definite and foetal cortex, and weak to moderate in both the zones of the medulla. The activity of acetylcholinesterases associated with neuronal elements of the adrenal gland was more in the medulla as compared to the cortex.

8 ref

023882   Sayyad N R;Pawar B A;Shaikh M A J (Zoology Dep, Jijamata College, Bhende-141 605) : Protein content of Barytelphusa guerini from Godavari river in relation to sex and reproductive cycle. J expl Zool 2008, 11(1), 151-3.

Protein content in gonad, hepatopancreas and muscles of Batytelphusa guerini from Godavari river near Aurangabad was studied in different reproductive stages. Study showed that during maturation, protein content increased in the gonads and decreased in the hepatopancreas and muscles. The protein were higher in the both hepatopancreas, muscle and gonads during preparatory phase. They also showed that protein content was high in the muscle and gonad of female than the male.

1 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

023881   Saxena R;Sukumaran S K (Zoology Dep, B.N.P.G. College, Udaipur, Rajasthan) : Efficiency of custard apple seed (Annona squamosa, turmeric (Curcuma longa) and ginger (Gingiber officinale) as seed protectant against Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera bruchidae). Life Sci Bull 2008, 5(1), 75-80.

Three very easily available plant, viz. Custard apple seed (Annona squamosa) Turmeric (Curcuma longa) and Ginger (Gingiber officinale) have been used as seed protectant against Callosobruchus maculatus Effect of these botanicals have been studied on the longevity. Fecundity and adult emergence of C. maculatus. Out of these three custard apple seed and seed and turmeric powder have been found very effective, giving more than 93% pest control.

4 illus, 3 tables, 21 ref