004386   Sanal Kumar M G;Harinarayanan M K;Sankar S (Zoology Dep, N.S.S. College, Pandalam Kerala-689 501) : Biodiversity conservation and threat factors analysis in a forest ecosystem of southern western ghats, Kerala, India. J Ecobiol 2008, 22(1), 1-9.

Biodiversity conservation potential and major threats to the existing biodiversity in a forest ecosystem of Southern Western Ghats were studied. The moist deciduous as well as semi evergreen habitat of this forest supports high plant species richness and diversity as indicated by high values of richness and diversity indices. Co-dominance of tree species was found in this community as revealed by low dominant index. Out of 61 bird species identified, 82 % common, 9.8 % migratory and 8.2 % were rare in status. Fifteen mammalian species were identified from this forest including both smaller and larger mammals. The richness and diversity indices indicated that the area is moderate in avian diversity and poor in mammalian diversity. Analysis of threat factors showed a high grand index value which revealed a high threat to the forest ecosystem and the urgent need of implementation of strict conversation policies for the proper management of this threatened forest ecosystem is suggested.

5 tables, 10 ref

004385   Ratnam D;Singh A K (Zoology Dep, Kamla Nehru Institute of Physical and Social Sciences, Sultanpur-228 118) : Quantitative distribution of three cosmopolitan paracentric inversions in mass culture and isofemale lines of Drosophila ananassae. J expl Zool 2008, 11(2), 465-8.

Drosophila ananassae collected in three different months were reared as mass culture and isofemale lines in laboratory conditions. The frequencies of three commonly occurring inversions have been observed separately in mass cultures and isofemale lines. These inversions persist in all the three months of the year, although their frequencies were quite low than normal gene arrangements. Out of three inversions the eta inversion in 3R is represented by lowest frequency. The mean heterozygous inversions per individual vary from 0.23 to 0.33 in mass cultures and 0.30 to 0.41 in isofemale lines respectively.

5 tables, 19 ref

004384   Ram Singh;Chaturvedi S K;Abhinav (Zoology Dep, Satish Chandra P.G. College, Ballia-227 001) : Sertoli cells in the testes of a freshwater murrel, Channa punctatus (Bloch). J expl Zool 2008, 11(2), 361-4.

In Channa punctatus, Sertoli cellls lie within the basement membrane of testicular lobules and also interspersed amids testicular germ cells. These cells exhibits structural transformation. Sertoli cells seem to serve as nutritive role during testicular germ cell transformation. Other functional aspects of Sertoli cells have also been discussed.

5 illus, 1 table, 25 ref

004383   Rajak J (Zoology Dep, M.S. College, Saharanpur-247 001) : Detection of hydrogen-ion concentration in the gastro-intestinal tract and associated glands of Nezara viridula Linn. (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). J expl Zool 2008, 11(2), 295-7.

In Heteropteran bugs, physiology of digestion depends on the type e of food (host plants) and feeding habits. Nezara viridula Linn is a phytosuccivorous bug, which feeds on the dough stage of the crop of Pennisetum typhoides (Buluresh Millet or Peral Millet, Bajara), Oryza sativa (Rice) and on the young apical shoots of Trifolium alexandrium Linn. (Bersem). The pH of different parts of gut and salivary glands in fed and starved condition up to 72 hours bugs ranges as follows: - Salivary gland s. 5.0 to 06.0, foregut 6.0 to 7.0, midgut-i 5.0 to 6.0, midgut-ii 5.0 to 6.0, midgut-iii 5.0, midgut-iv 5.0 to 6.0 and hindgut- 6.0. pH of I different parts of peral millet (bajara) and bersem show variation 6.0 to 7.0.

2 tables, 20 ref

004382   Priti Singh;Pande P N;Mittal N (Zoology Dep, K.S. Saket P.G. College, Ayodhya, Faizabad-224 123) : Ecological study of the prevalence mean intensity and relative density of the cestode in relation to the body weight of the host fish, Clarias batrachus (Linn.). J expl Zool 2008, 11(2), 299-308.

Ecological study of fish Clarias batrachus (Linn.) in Faizabad was carried out for two years. The various parameters like Prevalence, Mean intensity and Relative density were studied in the body weight of the host.

33 illus, 9 tables, 18 ref

004381   Priti Singh;Pande P N;Mittal N (Zoology Dep, K.S. Saket P.G. College, Ayodhya, Faizabad-224 123) : Ecological study of prevalence mean intensity and relative density of the cestode in relation to the cloacal temperature of the host fish Clarias batrachus (Linn.). J expl Zool 2008, 11(2), 369-78.

Ecological study of fish Clarias batrachus (Linn.) Faizabad was carried out for two years. The various parameters like Prevalence, Mean intensity and Relative density were studied in cloacal temperature of the host.

33 illus, 9 tables, 18 ref

004380   Pondhe G M;Tupe V K;Thitame S N;Kuchekar S R; Patil S S (Environmental Science Dep, P.V.P. College, Pravaranagar-413 713) : Toxicity and accumulation of zinc in fresh water fish Amblypharyngodon melettinus. J expl Zool 2008, 11(2), 507-9.

Deals with toxicity and accumulation of zinc in fresh water fish Amblypharyngodon melettinus. The fishes were exposed to various concentrations of Zn and observations were made for 24 hr, 48 hr, 72 hr and 96 hr. It was seen that at lower concentrations of zinc no mortality was observed, but some physical responses like sluggishness, uncoordinated awing-ming movement was noted. As the concentration of zinc increases percent mortality was also found to increased. The LC₅₀ value was found at 38 ppm for 48 hrs time of exposure.

3 tables, 13 ref

004379   Pawar B A (Zoology Dep, P.V.P. College, Pravaranagar, Ahmednagar-413 713, Email: ba_pwr2007@rediffmail.com) : Lipid and moisture content of Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton) in relation to maturity cycle. J expl Zool 2008, 11(2), 387-90.

Lipid and moisture content of Glossogobius giuris from Sadatpur lake was studied during different phases of maturity cycle. Lipid content in the gonads increased during maturation while simultaneous drop in the lipid was observed in liver and muscles. On an average, lipid content was maximum in the liver and minimum in the muscles of both the sexes. In the muscles and liver the lipid content was at the maximum level during early stages of maturation. Hence, large sized fish during the early stages of maturation, which have high lipid content, are at the optimum stage for use as food. During maturation, moisture content decreased in the gonads and liver while increased in the muscles. During maturity cycle, changes in the lipid content in the gonads and muscles showed an inverse relationship with the moisture content.

2 illus, 2 tables,

004378   Pandarkar A K;Mane U H (Zoology Dep, New Arts, Commerce and Science College, Ahmednagar-414 001) : Length frequency and ova-diameters of a fresh water fish, Macrones bleekeri from a dam near Ahmednagar, Maharashtra State. J expl Zool 2008, 11(2), 383-6.

Length frequency distribution and ova-diameter studies were made on a fresh water fish Macrones bleekeri from a dam near Ahmednagar, Maharashtra State. The fish grows to a maximum of 150 mm and the life span is about 18 to 19 months. The length frequency distribution study for November 1995 to October 1996 indicated the faster growth rate from October to March, especially in the first year and slower rate occurred from April to September. Ova-diameter studies were made from November 1995 to October 1996 indicated that the spawning commences from June and reaches peak in July in this species. The maximum size of fully matured intra-ovarian eggs recorded was 1.027 mm.

3 illus, 8 ref

004377   Ojha P;Mandloi A K;Dube K K (Fishery Science Dep, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, JNKVV, Jabalpur-482 004, Email: praveenichthyology@gmail.com) : Zooplanktons status of Barnoo reservoir. J expl Zool 2008, 11(2), 511-16.

Zooplankton of Barnoo reservoir (Jabalpur) were carried out from March 2001 to October 2003. Average zooplankton abundance varied seasonally during the study period. Mostly Copepods dominated genera among the other genera. Density of zooplankton was recorded maximum in summer season followed by winter and monsoon. A total number of 30-genera zooplanktons were observed and recorded. Zooplanktons population has been observed comparatively lower in the reservoir. The variability of species composition and density, distribution of zooplankter recovered and presented.

3 illus, 4 tables

004376   Maurya A K (Zoology Dep, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005) : Some known trematiodes from fresh water fishes of Varanasi, India. J expl Zool 2008, 11(2), 481-8.

Neopecoelina saharanpurensis Gupta, 1955; Masenia gomtia Agrawal, 1963; Masenia dayali, Gupta, 1955; Orientocreadium batrachoides Tubangui, 1931 were obtained from the intestine of fresh water fishes viz. Rita rita (Ham.); Clarias batrachus (Linn.); Mystus vittatus (Bloch) and Clarius batrachus (Linn.), Rita rita(Ham.) and Mystus aor (Ham.) respectively. Orientocreadium barabankiae (Dayal, 1938) Yamaguti, 1954 was obtained from body cavity of a fresh water fish Macrognathus aculeatus(Bloch). These were recorded from new host.

5 illus, 6 ref

004375   Malhotra M;Prakash M M;Pawar K (Zoology Dep, Holkar Science College, Indore-452-001) : Waterfowl population and their variation during summer at Sirpur tank, Indore. J Ecobiol 2008, 22(1), 63-71.

Diel variation of waterfowl population during summer at Sirpur Tank has been investigated. The data obtained revealed that 25 species of waterfowl belonging to 10 families and 7 orders were present. In the morning waterfowl count was 2680 which decreased to 537 at moon and again rise up to 1947 in the evening. However, no waterfowl was found during night. The teals and ducks were highest in number during morning and at noon, however, in the evening shore birds were on the top. In the morning lowest position was occupied by grebe, while at noon and in evening crane was on the lowest rank. The family Ardeidae was dominated in the morning and at noon, while in the evening family Recurvirostridae was dominated. But on the basis of the number of species family Ardeidae was dominated throughout the day.

5 tables, 23 ref

004374   Kazmi S I (NO, Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053, Email: kazmisi@rediffmail.com) : Checklist of encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Maharashtra, India. J expl Zool 2008, 11(2), 489-95.

Checklist of the genera and species of Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) so far reported from Indian state Maharashtra is provided. A total 34 genera with 56 identified species are listed.

33 ref

004373   Kaimal S G;Ramani N (Acarology Div, Zoology Dep, University of Calicut, Calicut-673 635, Email: sangeethakaimal@gmail.com) : Effect of temperature and relative humidity on oviposition and fecundity of Tetranychus neocaledonicus (Andre) (ACARI: Tetranychidae) - pest of Moringa oleifera Lam. J expl Zool 2008, 11(2), 279-82.

Effect of temperature and relative humidity on the oviposition and fecundity of the vegetable mite, Tetranychus neocaledonicus (Andre), was studied under 3 constant temperature-humidities combination of 34±1°C & 50±5%RH, 30±1°C & 40±5%RH and 25±1°C & 80±5%RH. Shortest pre-oviposition period (1.5±0.12 days) was noted at 34±1°C and 50±5%RH followed by 30±1°C and 40±5%RH (1.6±0.1 days) and highest at 25±1°C and 80±5%RH (1.9±0.07 days). Humidity had little influence on the pre-oviposition and post-oviposition periods when compared to temperature. Fecundity was recorded highest at 34±1°C and 50±5%RH (45.6±0.9 eggs per female) followed by 30±1°C and 40±5%RH (28.7±0.9 eggs per female). Lowest number of eggs was laid at 25±1°C and 80±5%RH (26.7±0.6 eggs per female). Higher humidity had negative impact on the egg laying capacity as shown by adult females. A decrease in the duration of oviposition period was recorded at low temperatures and higher humidities.

2 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

004372   Gautam R K;Suneel Kumar (Zoology Dep, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University, Khandari Campus, Agra-282 002) : Alteration in haematology of Channa punctatus (Bloch). J expl Zool 2008, 11(2), 309-10.

Deals with the haematological changes in freshwater snake headed fish Channa punctatus, after exposure to the sub lethal concentration of organophosphate Nuvan. The haematological observations at the sublethal toxicity of Nuvan shows decreasement in number of total erythrocyte count (TEC), haemoglobin concentration (Hb%) and packed cell volume (PCV). The total leucocyte count show comparison to non treated fishes.

1 table, 10 ref

004371   Dhiman S C;Pravesh Kumar (Zoology Dep, M.S. (P.G) College, Saharanpur-247 001) : Copulatory behaviour of Chrysocoris stolli Wolf (Heteroptera-pentatomidae-scutellerinae) - a polyphagous pest. J expl Zool 2008, 11(2), 439-44.

Pentatomid bugs are generally injurious to the crops of human consumption. Chrysocoris stolli infests cereal rood plants of economic value as mentioned by Dhiman and Kumar (2005,06,07a,07b,07c) Dhiman and Kumar (2008). Studies of reproductive behaviour of insect pests is of paramount significance. Its breeding period lasts from March to October. Copulatary behaviour of this metallic green or bluiesh bug is divided into excitory, preparatory phase, mounting, actual copulation and post copulation. The male gets excited by perceiving the pheromone secreted by the female present in near by vicinity. The male flutters its wing actively and search the female moving on the plant or taking short flights. On finding the female, it touches its, antenna and genital parts by his on antennae. By doing so, it excites the female. After excitement, the female gets ready for copulation. The excited male mounts on the back of female and holds it by legs. It, then, tries to insert its erected aedeagus into the genital chamber of female. After getting success in its mission, male turns 180° and comes into tail to tail position. In copulation condition both the sex may move to near by place or may take rest. Copulation duration lasts from 2 hours to 6 hours with an average of 4.5 hours at the end of the copulation separation strokes begins by the male as it shakes its abdomen several times. At last aedeagus is withdrawn from the female genital chamber. After separation, both the partner move separately with out showing any affection. They clean their genitalia by setae present on hind leg tibial exerimity. After a gap of few minutes they resume feeding.

2 illus, 4 tables, 9 ref

004370   Dhiman S C;Pravesh Kumar (Zoology Dep, M.S. (P.G.) College, Saharanpur-247 001) : Biocontrol agent of Chrysocoris stolli Wolf and their biocontrol efficacy. J expl Zool 2008, 11(2), 419-22.

Pentatomid bugs are generally injurious to crops of human consumption and causes considerable loss by their desapping habit. Chrysocoris stolli in fests cereal food plants of economic value as mentioned by Dhiman and Kumar (2006, 2007a, 2007b, 2007c, 2008; Kumar (2008). Besides this, it also infests medicinal plants Cassica occidentalies and Croton sparisiflorum. Various predators and parasites were observed during the survey conducted in 2005 to 2007. These are preying mantis (Hierudulla sp.) formacid ants (Componotus compressus, Solenopsis geminate), Herpector marginatus and Leptus species of mite. Among these, the predator H. marginatus has good potentiality for controlling this injurious bug. It feeds on the nymphs as well as adults of C. stolli. All stages of the predator are active predator. The bug holds the nymph or adult by powerful fore lege and extends its rostrum to pierce by maxillary and mondibular stylets. It then injects some proteolytic or lysing enzymes through saliva with the help of powerful salivary pump. The host is paralyzed and the predator sucks the body fluid or dissolved substance of their prey with the help of powerful cibarial pump. To assess predatory potential of the bug laboratory experiments were conducted. An adults bug fed over 8 adults or 13 host nymphs of various stages while its nymph consumed 3 to 6 nymph within 24 hrs. The bugs have a high adaptation and capability to face the unfavorable climatic condition as it can live for longer period in starved condition. Thus, the predatory potential of this reduviid bug is very high and it may serve as a good predator for controlling C. stolli population in nature, its mass multiplication and there by release infield is needed.

1 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

004369   Bharat Singh;Khajuria S;Prasad C S (NO, Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut-250 115) : Biology of Pyrilla perpusilla Walker (Homoptera:Lophopidae) - a pest of sugarcane in western plain zone of U.P.. J expl Zool 2008, 11(2), 431-2.

Biology, life history, egg laying and laboratory rearing of Pyrilla perpusilla Walker (Homoptera:Lophopidae) were studied at Biocontrol laboratory, Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology from 2002 to 2003. In India, among the sucking pests of sugarcane foliage, this one is the most destructive. Female P. perpusilla has a pre-oviposition period of 12-15 days and the average fecundity was 400-500 eggs. Eggs are laid in clusters on both the lower and upper surfaces of sugarcane leaves preferably on lower surface and are covered with white waxy filaments. The eggs are white and oval. Incubation period was 10-15 days in the field and 10-12 days in lab conditions. There were five nymphal instars and nymphal period was 35-50 days. Longevity of the adult female was greater than that of males.

1 table, 1 ref

004368   Akhtar K;Batol F;Ahmad I;Naqvi S N H;Arshad Azmi M (Toxicology Lab, Zoology Dep, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan) : Activity of some enzymes in cestode and nematode species of Columba livia. J expl Zool 2008, 11(2), 401-3.

Activities of lipase in Raillietina torquata, Raillietina species, Cotugnia digonopora, Cotugnia cuneata, Pulluterina columbiae and in Ascaridia columbae were 0.02 μ/I, 0.04 μI, 0.02μ/I, 0.06 μ/I, 0.02 μ/I, 0.02 μ/I respectively, of amylase were 24.9 μ/I, 47.1 μ/I, 24.9 μ/I, 49.8 μ/I, 8.3 μ/I, 11.0 μ/I, respectively and the activities of alkaline phosphatases were similar in all the above cestode and nematode species but the activities of cholinesterase in them were found to be 35.1 μ/I, 23.4 μ/I, 35.1 μ/I, 23.4 μ/I and 23.4 μ/I respectively.

4 tables, 12 ref

003292   Veeresh B;Veeresh Babu S V;Eswara Prasad M; Biradar S S;Patil D D (Pharmacology Dep, KLES' College of Pharmacy, KLE Univ, Belgaum-590 010) : Protective effect of methanolic extract of Euphorbia-antiquorum on haloperidol-induced catalepsy in albino mice. Int J Pharmac biol Sci 2009, 3(3), 55-9.

Haloperidol (HAL) is a typical neuroleptic that act primarily as D₂ dopamine receptor antagonist. It has been proposed that reactive oxygen species plays a causative role in catalepsy induced by HAL. Evaluates protective effect of the Euphorbia antiquorum (EA), a potent antioxidant, on haloperidol induced catalepsy in mice. The animals were divided into four groups (n=6). The first group received vehicle and served as control, the second and third group received EA in doses of 125 and 250 mg/kg p.o. respectively and the fourth group received scopolamine (1 mg/kg p.o.). The haloperidol (1 mg/kg) was administered i.p. 30 minutes after the drug or vehicle administration. The degree of catalepsy was measured as a time animal maintains an imposed posture on first and seventh day. Significant (P<0.01) reduction in the cataleptic scores was observed in both doses of EA treated groups and maximum reduction was observed in the 250 mg/kg EA treated group. The results suggested that administration of EA, a potent antioxidant, has a protective effect against haloperidol-induced catalepsy. Our study indicates that EA could be used to prevent drug-induced extrapyramidal side effects.

2 tables, 7 ref

003291   Tarunkumar Singh O;Chakravorty J (Centre of Biodiversity, Rajiv Gandhi Univ, Rono Hills, Itanagar-791 112, Email: oinamba2002@yahoo.co.in) : Diversity and occurrence of edible orthopterans in Arunachal Pradesh, with a comparative note on edible Orthopterans of Manipur and Nagaland. J Nat Conserv 2008, 20(1), 113-19.

A study on the diversity and occurrence of edible Orthopterans by the ethnic tribes of Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India was carried out as part of the documentation of biodiversity of insects and the associated traditional knowledge in the region through systematic field and literature surveys. While, selective household surveys were carried out with a planned questionnaire covering all aspects of Orthopteran intake as food. The study has resulted in the identification of 26 species belonging to 19 genera and 6 families. Details about the collected species from different habitats along with the mode of preparation of food by the local tribes have also provided. Species diversity of edible Orthopterans in neighboring states such as Manipur and Nagaland were analyzed comparatively along with that of Arunachal Pradesh. The study revealed that comparatively greater number of edible Orthopterans found to be consumed in Arunachal Pradesh. This may be due to favorable habitat (comparatively more forest cover and water bodies) with lesser pollution here. This study assumes significance, due to over exploitation of forest resources by the people in the recent past, has resulted in the degradation of biotic resources especially entomofauna. Therefore, there is an urgent need to assess insect biodiversity as whole and the role of ethno-entomophagy in particular in conserving this valuable resource for posterity.

2 illus, 1 table, 29 ref

003290   Sugumar G;Selvan A;Ramesh U (a, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi-628 008) : Effect of temperature and pH on the antibacterial activity of crab chitosan. Fish Technol 2009, 46(2), 159-64.

Antibacterial activity of chitosan against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at 5, 20 and 30°C and at pH 5.0, 5.5, 6.0 and 6.5 was investigated by maintaining the cultures in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and tryptic soy broth (TSB) with 0.05% chitosan. Temperature had a direct influence on the bactericidal activity of chitosan against both bacteria. Inhibition against S. aureus and E. coli was seen at all temperatures tested with greatest activity at 30°C. The rate of reduction of viable cells of E. coli was slow and complete inhibition could not be obtained at 5°C. The antibacterial activity of chitosan was inversely proportional to pH, and there was stronger inhibition at pH <6.0. S. aureus lost their viability more rapidly than E. coli. Unlike S. aureus, E. coli was not completely inhibited at pH 6.5. Results indicated that the antibacterial activity of chitosan was strong at 30°C and at pH <6.0.

4 illus, 15 ref

003289   Sudhakar Reddy C;Pattanaik C;Murthy M S R (Forestru and Ecology Div, National Remote Sensing Agency, Hyderabad-500 037, Email: jilu2000@rediffmail.com) : Community zonation of mangroves in Bhitarkanika wildlife sanctury, Orissa, India using IRS P6 LISS III data. Proc Natn Acad Sci India-Sect B 2008, 78(Pt III), 246-52.

To characterize mangrove zonation in the Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary, surveys were undertaken within a number of riverine estuaries along the east coast of Kendrapara district, Orissa. The community zonations were based on the presence of particular dominant species dependent on specific physico-chemical environment, and were mapped using IRS P6 LISS III data. Distinct separation between communities was possible using all the 4 band combinations (green, red, near infrared, middle infrared). The supervised classification was performed using Maximum Likelihood Classifier. The overall classification accuracy and the Kappa coefficient were also computed. Mangrove communities were clearly discriminated into 12 zones in the study area. Avicennia recorded highest values in near infrared band due to high canopy closure and high leaf stacking. Phoenix recorded highest values in middle infrared band due to low moisture content in leaves and less canopy closure.

4 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref

003288   Sharma R K;Fulia A (Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Zoology Dep, Kurukshetra Univ, Kurukshetra-136 119) : Effect of ascorbic acid on granulosa cells of goat In vitro. Int J Pharmac biol Sci 2009, 3(3), 129-36.

During the investigation three doses of Vitamin C, 25, 37, and 50 μmol/L have induced rescue of atresia in granulosa cells. The increase in vitamin C concentrations has revealed a positive correlation with the cellular recovery. Histologically, cells acquired spherical contour, nucleus was vesicular and filled with nucleosol. As the concentration of vitamin C was enhanced from 25 to 50 μmol/L there was a reduction in number of atretic cells. The atretogenic changes like pycnosis, chromolysis, condensation, fragmentation, hyalization and crinkled and wavy membranes were drastically reduced in frequency. As the duration of exposure was increased similar improvement was noticed. After 2 hours of exposure duration, percentage of atretic cells declined from 25.33% to 16%, 14%, 13.3% at vitamin C concentration levels 25, 37 and 50 μmol/L respectively. Vitamin C have induced rescue of atresia in granulosa cells.

4 illus, 1 table, 30 ref

003287   Shailesh Saurabh;Sahoo P K (Fish Health Management Div, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar-751 002, Email: pksahool@hotmail.com) : Major diseases and the defence mechanism in giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man). Proc Natn Acad Sci India-Sect B 2008, 78(Pt II), 103-21.

The giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man or scampi is an economically important farmed crustacean species all over the world. India contributes ~ 20% to the world's scampi aquaculture production, being ranked second in the world. In recent years, the rapid expansion and intensification of culture practices have brought several diseases of infectious and nonin-fectious aetiologies. The increased globalization of trade and transboundry movement of broodstock and postlarvae, the unanticipated interactions between cultured and wild populations, poor biosecurity measures, lack of awareness on emerging pathogens, climate change, misuse of drugs and antibiotics and other human-mediated movement of aquaculture produce and products are playing key role in occurrence, spread and outbreaks of diseases. The main causative agents of the infectious diseases are viruses, bacteria, rickettsia, fungi and protozoa. In past few years, nodavirus is causing a devastating production loss to scampi industry in many countries including India. So disease control is becoming a priority. The defence mechanism of giant freshwater prawn, M. rosenbergii de Man. is poorly understood. The knowledge of the functioning of its defence system is of extreme importance. The stimulation of this system is considered as a potential intervention strategy in scampi culture to overcome the infectious diseases. This review focuses on the recent information of major diseases of giant freshwater prawn, M. rosenbergii de Man. and the related defence mechanism which may be of help for sustainable development of fast-growing scampi industry.

195 ref

003286   Sankar T V (NO, Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin-682 029) : Functional properties of fish proteins. Fish Technol 2009, 46(2), 87-98.

Proteins possess a number of physiochemical characteristics which facilitates their varied food applications. Proteins exhibit a wide range of functionality and versatility during processing. Functional properties of proteins are mainly due to its interaction with other components within the food system. The structure of protein is highly dependent upon the environment and protein assumes different conformations depending upon the conditions of exposure. The surface hydrophobicity plays a major role in the functional properties of a protein and changes in the inherent characteristics influence protein structure which have profound influence on the functional properties of the protein.

113 ref

003285   Sabeena Farvin K H;Anandan R;Kumar S H S; Mathew S;Sankar T V;Viswanathan Nair P G (Biochemistry and Nutrition Div, Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Matsyapuri P.O., Cochin-682 029) : Biochemical studies on the cardioprotective effect of squalene against isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rats. Fish Technol 2009, 46(2), 139-50.

Study was designed to examine the cardioprotective effect of squalene against isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in male albino rats. Levels of diagnostic markers [troponin T, homocysteine], lipoproteins [apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein (a)] (in plasma), total cholesterol, lipid peroxides (in plasma and heart tissue), and endogenous non-enzymatic antioxidants [vitamin C and vitamin E] (in heart tissue) were determined. Supplementation of squalene at 2% level along with feed for 45 days significantly prevented the isoprenaline-induced elevation in the diagnostic markers in plasma of experimental group of rats. It exerted an antilipidemic action against isoprenaline-induced hypercholesterolemia by maintaining the levels of cholesterol and lipoprotein components at near normalcy. Squalene supplementation exhibited an antioxidant effect against isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction by blocking the induction of lipid peroxidation. A tendency to prevent the isoprenaline induced reduction in the non-enzymatic antioxidants such as vitamin E and C was also observed. The results of the present study indicate that the cardioprotective effect of squalene might be ascribable to its antilipidemic, antioxidant and membrane stabilizing properties.

8 illus, 53 ref

003284   Ramachandran D;Mukund Mohan;Sankar T V; Anandan R (NO, Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, Kerala) : Physico-chemical and functional properties of myofibrillar proteins of fishes from different habitats. Fish Technol 2009, 46(2), 151-8.

Coformational and functional characteristics of myofibrillar proteins of fishes from different habitats were investigated. Surface hydrophobicity and Ca^{2+ATPase activity of the MFP were higher in Mugil cephalus compared with the other fishes studied. Reactive sulphydryl groups were higher in Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. Lowest surface hydrophobicity (6.60) was recorded in MFP extracted from Oreochromis mossambicus. Solubility of MFP was higher for Lutjanus argentimaculatus. Solubility correlated well with the concentration of reactive sulphydryl groups and the surface hydrophobicity of the proteins. Viscosity was higher in H. molitrix and goes well with the reactive sulphydryl groups. Foam expansion and emulsion activity index was high in H. molitrix but foam volume stability and emulsion stability were lower in the MFP of this fish compared with the other fishes. Foam stability, emulsion stability and gel strength were higher for Lethrinus lentjan. Protein conformation was found to have profound effect on the functional properties.}

3 illus, 4 tables, 29 ref

003283   Rajput A S D (NO, , H. No. 59, L. No. 1, Munshi Chak, Opp. Old Chungi, Camp Road, Talab Tillo, Jammu-180 002, Email: abhaysdr@yahoo.co.in) : Great Indian bustard (Ardeotis nigriceps) on the verge of extinction. Curr Sci 2008, 95(9), 1108-9.

1 illus, 4 ref

003282   Poonia F S (Zoology Dep, Jai Narain Vyas Univ, Jodhpur-342 005) : Consumption, digestion and utilization of gram leaves by the larve of Heliothis armigera (Hub.) (Lepidoptera : Nuctuidae). J Arid Legume 2008, 5(1), 54-61.

Larva of Heliothis armigera Hubner was reared at three experimental conditions A, B and C. The nutritional parameters like consumption index (C.I.), growth rate (G.R.), approximate digestibility (A.D.), efficiency with which the ingested and digested food is converted to body substance (E.C.I. and E.C.D.) were computed at above-mentioned conditions. Observations indicated that A.D. was maximum under condition-A in II instar larva where as the C.I. and G.R. were maximum under condition-B in V instar larva. The gross and net conversion efficiencies (E.C.I. and E.C.D.) were maximum in the early instars (II and III) under, condition-B. The three parameters C.A.D., E.C.I. and E.C.D, were observed in each of the dietary constituents under each condition. The maximum value of these parameters in all dietary constituents was observed under condition-B. The value of C.A.D. for total and reducing sugars, protein, fat and nitrogen was directly proportional to larval life.

4 tables, 30 ref

003281   Patole S S;Mahajan R T (Zoology Dep, V.V.M's S.G. Patil Arts, Sci and Commerce College, Sakri, Dist-Dhule-424 304) : Comparative efficacy of neem and gorakhmundi extracts as adult emergence against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L.. Int J Pharmac biol Sci 2009, 3(3), 49-54.

Investigations were carried out on the adult emergence activity of pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis Linn on stored Greengram (Vigna radiata L.) seeds treated with 0.25 % and 0.50 % dose concentrations of solvent extracts of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) and Gorakhmundi (Sphaeranthus indicus Linn) plants. Amongst tested extracts, 0.50 % concentration of Neem were significantly reduces the numbers of adult emerged i.e. 176.52, 153.90 and 162 in seeds treated with aqueous, alcohol and acetone extracts respectively. Whereas seeds treated with 0.25 % acetone extracts of Gorakhmundi recorded lower the number of adult emergence i.e. 293 as compared to untreated control (418.99). The number of adult emerged per 50 g of treated seed indicate the effect of plant extracts on the development of pulse beetle, C. chinensis L and all extracts tested registered significantly less number of adult emerged than untreated control.

1 table, 21 ref

003280   Panda S K;Madhu V R (NO, Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi-682 029) : Preponderance of jellyfish in coastal waters of Veraval. Fish Technol 2009, 46(2), 99-106.

Ascendance pattern of jellyfish biomass in coastal waters off Veraval was investigated. Jellyfish landing figures obtained from four different trawling systems viz. 18m semipelagic trawl with 70mm codend mesh size (SP70), 18m semipelagic trawl with 50mm codend mesh size (SP50), 34m bottom trawl with 60mm codend mesh size (BT60) and 34m bottom trawl with 40mm codend mesh size (BT40) during 2005-06 was used for the analysis. The average percentage contribution of jellyfish varied from 9.7-23.8% in different trawling systems. Exclusion of non-jellyfish hauls revealed highest jellyfish capture (91%) by SP70 and more than 22% in all the trawling systems. The frequency of occurrence of jellyfish was highest in BT40. Estimation of seasonal variation in jellyfish landings showed higher catch during post-monsoon period i.e. 25% considering all hauls and 63% after excluding non-jellyfish hauls. Jellyfish formed higher component of bycatch during pre-monsoon. Juveniles of commercially important species like cephalopods, sciaenids and ribbon fishes were found to have higher degree of association with jellyfish.

1 illus, 4 tables, 29 ref

003279   Negi K S;Malik D S (Social and Environment Div, Tehri Hydro Development Corporation Ltd., Rishikesh 249001, Email: drkamalsnegi@gmail.com) : Macrobenthic invertebrate population of Chhirapani, a hill stream in Kumaon Himalaya, India. Int J Ecol envir Sci 2008, 34(4), 329-34.

In the hill stream, benthic fauna are an important component of natural food for coldwater fishes. The benthic population reflects the productive potential of the stream. This paper describes the seasonal fluctuation in the population of macrozoobenthos of a coldwater stream, Chhirapani, with reference to certain abiotic components. Low velocity of water, abundance of hydrophytes; optimal water temperature and higher dissolved oxygen influenced the composition of benthic fauna. The macrozoobenthic density was maximum (208.0±32.3 ind. m^{-2) in winter and minimum (96.0± 17.9 ind. m-2) in monsoon. Beatis, Rithrogena, Heptagenia, Hydropsyche, Chloroperla and Psephenus were the common taxa. The most dominant group of insect was Ephemeroptera comprising 37.53% of total benthic population and reflected the oligotrophic state of the stream.}

2 illus, 6 tables, 21 ref

003278   Mishra D D;Vinay Kumar;Bansal A (Zoology Dep, D.S. College, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh) : New species of Myxobolus (Protozoa: Cinosporodia) from fresh water fish Channa striatus, in Shekha lake, Aligarh. J Nat Conserv 2008, 20(1), 161-3.

Myxobolus shekhai n.sp. is described from kidney Channa striatus inhabiting Shekha lake, Aligarh. Fresh spores measure 2.0μm-2.5μm in length and 1.5μm-1.7μm in width. The size of polar capsules is 0.4μm- 0.6μm in length and 0.3μm-0.4μm in width. A sporoplasm oval in shape, occupies the posterior half of the spore cavity. lodiniphilous vacuole is present. Polar filaments are not visible in polar capsules.

1 illus, 6 ref

003277   Kadam J S;Methe K N;Kasabe S V;Kanase A A (Cell Biology Section, Zoology Dep, Shivaji Univ, Kolhapur-416 004, Email: kaushiki.ketaki@yahoo.co.in) : Anti-inflammatory role of Synzygium aromaticum. Int J Pharmac biol Sci 2009, 3(3), 101-4.

Acetone extracts of Synzygium aromaticum stem was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory activity using paw-edema model. Different concentrations of acetone extract (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) were tested against inflammation produced by 0.25ml of 0.01 % formaldehyde in male rat within 30 minutes. Dose dependent increase was observed in edema diminishing. Application of 25 % and 50% extracts brought the edema to normal within 150 minutes from application while 75 % and 100 % acetone extracts suppresses the edema at 120 min from application. The edema was completely diminished and normal status of the paw was achieved. The results are discussed with the bio-chemical components of Synzygium aromaticum.

1 table, 12 ref

003276   Jha K K (Zoology Dep, Jawaharlal Nehru College, Pasighat-791 103, Email: jhakk08@yahoo.com) : Ramro korang lake needs studies on fish diversity and water quality analysis for aquaculture. Curr Sci 2008, 95(9), 1107-8.

003275   De A;Tiwari A K (Ecology and Environmental Science Dep, Assam Univ, Silchar-788 011, Email: adehajra@yahoo.co.in) : Estimation of patchiness: a measure of fragmentation in the Rajaji-Corbett National Parks and adjoining areas, Uttarakhand, India. Int J Ecol envir Sci 2008, 34(4), 345-9.

Patchiness of various forest types, delineated on the vegetation map of Rajaji-Corbett National Parks and adjoining areas, was estimated to assess the degree of fragmentation which was further compared with the corridor forest linking the two National Parks. The highest number of patches were observed in the moist deciduous forest (759) followed by dry deciduous forest(510). Pine and oak forests had the least number of patches. The corridor forest had more patches per sq.km. (0.07) than the total study area (0.04) and hence, was more fragmented.

^ssc2 illus, 10 ref

003274   Chitrapati Devi C;Binoy Singh T (Ecology Laboratory, Life Sciences Dep, Manipur Univ, Canchipur, Imphal, Email: oinamba2002@yahoo.co.in) : Comparative seasonal population flyctuation of collembola in a protected and degraded sub-tropical forest ecosystem at Khonghampat, Manipur, North Eastern India. J Nat Conserv 2008, 20(1), 133-40.

The population density of collembola showed a significant decreases from uppermost soil layer to deeper soil layers in both the study sites. The mean-population density of collembola was most dominant during rainy season and least during winter seasonal in both the study sites. Altogether 9 (nine) genera of collembola belonging to five families were recorded; out of which 9 genera were recorded from protected forest and 5 genera from the degraded forest site. Higher species diversity was observed in the protected forest as compared with the degraded forest ecosystem.

2 illus, 4 tables, 31 ref

003273   Chandrakala N;Sampath Kumar G;Rebekka P; Kiruba Jasmine G;Prabakaran M;Ayyavoo M (Zoology Dep, K.N. Govt. Arts College (W) Autonomous, Thanjavour-613 007, Email: nc_kala@hotmail.com) : Detection of Vibrio proteins from diseased Penaeus monodon (Fab.) by ELISA and western blotting. Proc Natn Acad Sci India-Sect B 2008, 78(Pt II), 133-6.

Vibrio species were isolated from black spot diseased Penaeus monodon. Proteins were isolated from bacteria and subjected to Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA). The pathogenic protein was blotted by Western blotting. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed the presence of 29 kDa protein unique to pathogenic condition. The antigens were detected by ELISA.

2 illus, 14 ref

003272   Balasubramani A;Pandian T J (Zoology Dep, Thiagarajar College, Madurai-625 009, Email: absmani@yahoo.com) : Norethindrone ensures masculinization, normal growth and secondary sexual characteristics in the fighting fish, Betta splendens. Curr Sci 2008, 95(10), 1446-53.

To ensure masculinization and normal growth of the obligately air-breathing fighting fish Betta splendens, norethindrone acetate (NE) was administered through discrete immersions for 3 h each on the second, fifth and eighth day post-hatching (dph) at selected concentrations (250, 500, 750, 1000 and 1250 ng/1). Immersions at 1000 jug/1 ensured the maximum of 92% masculini-zation, 71 % survival, normal growth and appearance of secondary sexual characteristics. NE reduced the air-breathing frequency on the fifth and eigth dph. It also reduced the frequency in males depurated for 172 days following the treatment, although males treated at 750 ^ig/1 almost restored the frequency. In the ovary of the treated but persisting females, it reduced the number of vitellogenic oocytes and increased the vacuolar area. In the testis of the treated males, it reduced the number of spermatogonia and increased the vacuolar area. The treated males could neither induce the female to spawn as many eggs nor accommodate as many fertilized eggs within the bubble nest, as that of the control. While the control females attained puberty on the 140th dph and spawned 122 eggs once every 16 days, the persisting females, which were previously treated at 1000 μg/1, postponed puberty to the 183rd dph and prolonged the inter-spawning period to 40 days. During the 240-day experiment, NE reduced the cumulative progeny production from 764 to 104 (13.6% of the control).

3 illus, 5 tables, 24 ref

003271   Asha Nair M;Aravindan C M (Aquatic Biology and Fisheries Dep, Kerala Univ, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala-696 581) : Impact of trawling on resource partitioning among certain demersal fishes of the Kerala coast. Proc Natn Acad Sci India-Sect B 2008, 78(Pt II), 122-32.

Bottom trawling is an important fishing method for capturing prawn and other bottom dwelling fishes which has also resulted in worldwide concern on its adverse impact on the marine fauna in general and bottom fauna in particular. There are differing opinions regarding the indirect impact of trawling on benthic fauna According to some studies, trawling may also result in enhanced growth rate of fishes by increased availability of food. The present study is undertaken to investigate the change in resource partitioning among three demersal fishes due to trawling viz. Nemipterus japonicus ( Bloch ), Priacanthus hamrur (Forsskal) and Nibea maculata (Bloch and Schneider). Quantitative analysis of stomach contents, based on several statistical indices including diet overlap, diet breadth and index of relative importance indicate the change in dietary patterns of the fishes. Results of the study revealed interesting diet sharing patterns among the selected demersal fishes at trawled and non-trawled sites.

7 tables, 40 ref

002333   Vermaanda D;Paliwal A K (Entomology Laboratory, Zoology Dep, Ganjdundwara P.G. College, Ganjdundwara, Uttar Pradesh) : Investigation of some collembolan species in grassland, Jhansi. Ecotech 2009, 1(1), 45-6.

The structure and ecology of Collembolan are investigated in different habitats of Jhansi during June2007-October2008. The aim is depending on the results of the investigation to establish a separate local nature conservation and recreation area. The study areas consist of different habitats, which differ from each other in the composition of the vegetation and the water regime of soils. Collcmbolans are collected from the selected sampling sites using mainly two different methods: 1) Separating collembolans with the Bcrlese method from soil and the leaf litter. 2) The majority of the Collembolans are collecting using Pitfall traps. Collembolan species diversity are highest in the moist soil, and the lowest on the fresh water. The community structures of collembolans in different habitats are compared. The species composition clearly reflected the microclimatic characters of the individual habitats. The study area as a less polluted natural environment can be considerable available for selection a conservation territory. It seems to be especially important to protect this particular mosaic like habitats for sustaining their high animal taxonomic and functional biodiversity.

1 table, 4 ref

002332   Vasudhevan I;James R;Sampath K (Zoology Dep, V.O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin-628 008, Email: piojames@yahoo.com ) : Effect of food quality on growth of the ornamental fish koi carp, Cyprinus carpio carpio (var). Fish Technol 2009, 46(1), 79-82.

^ssc2 tables, 12 ref

002331   Sunita P;Raja Sekhar P S;Subba Rao M V (Environmental Sciences Dep, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530 003) : Distribution status and breeding biology of Indian starred tortoise (Geochelone elegans) and flap-shell turtle (Lissemys punctata) in north coastal region of Andhra Pradesh. J Nat Conserv 2008, 20(2), 245-56.

Studies were conducted on distribution, status, breeding biology and conservation of Indian starred tortoise (Geochelone elegans) and Flap-shell turtle (Lissemys punctata) at North Coastal Andhra Pradesh Region. This Coastal Region is situated at 17° 35'-17° 40' N Latitudes and 83° 10' - 83° 20'E Longitudes amidst diversified habitat conditions of hilly terrain to coastal plains. The Indian Starred tortoise is a terrestrial species and Indian Flap-shell turtle is a aquatic habitant of fresh water origin have playa significant ecological role in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The-species have been listed in Schedule-IV of the Indian wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 and also given Vulnerable status by IUCN due to over exploitation and extensive poaching throughout their range for pet trade, for eggs and meat, for medicinal use and for making decorative products from shell and bones. Moreover, their natural habitats are under constant threat due to agriculture farming practices on hilly terrain areas and conversion of wetlands for aquaculture practices. As part of conservation programs in in situ protection of nests, eggs, hatchlings and ex situ management of eggs were done. The newly emerged hatchlings were retained up to six months old until to cross their vulnerable period of life and released back to their natural habitats.

7 illus, 4 tables, 11 ref

002330   Saxena P N;Singhal R;Saxena N;Singh D K (Toxicology Laboratory, Zoology Dep, School of Life Sciences, Khandari Campus, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Univ, Agra) : Renoprtective effect of tagetes erecta flower extract on renal fuctions following mercuric chloride exposure albino rat. Ecotech 2009, 1(1), 21-3.

Mercuric chloride is a well known ncphrotoxic agent. Increasing number of evidences suggest the role of oxidative stress in HgCl₂ induced nephrotoxicity. Bioactive extracts of different Tagetes parts exhibit nematocidal, fungicide and insecticidal activity and medicinal values. The present study was undertaken to evaluate, the protective effect of extract of T. crecta on renal functions altered by mercuric chloride. The assessment was based on dividing fifty albino rats into two sets, one for acute and the other for sub-acute study. All the sets had five groups with five albino rats in each i.e. control group, mercuric chloride treated group, T. crecta treated group, mercuric chloride followed by T. erecta treated group and T. erecta followed by mercuric chloride treated group. Mercuric chloride was given orally 0.926 mg/kg body weight for acute set, and 0.44 mg/ kg body kg body weight for sub-acute set after LD50 (9.26 mg/kg body weight) determination by probit analysis. 10 mg/kg body weight T. erecta flower extract was given in both acute and sub-acute sets after incorporating safety trials. The control group received distilled water only. The results revealed that the serum urea, uric acid and creatinine significantly increased in mercuric chloride treated group after acute and sub-acute treatment, while significantly increased in T. erecta flower extract group after acute and sub-acute treatment. However, the T. erecta flower extract treated followed by mercuric chloride is more prominent than the mercuric chloride treated followed by T. erecta flower extract had a protective nature on renal functions against mercuric chlpride toxicity in albino rats.

1 table, 16 ref

002329   Saxena D;Tripathi M (Zoology Dep, Lucknow Univ, Lucknow-226 007) : Effect of chromium of behaviour and carbohydrate metabolism in Channa punctatus. J appl Biosci 2008, 34(2), 203-6.

Fish were exposed to two sublethal concentrations (2.5 mg/l and 5 mg/l concentrations of chromium. Swimming and opercular movement, surfacing activity and feeding rate were observed; glycogen and glucose content were estimated in different tissues.

2 tables, 31 ref

002328   Ramakrishna S;Manohar Reddy B;Radha Madhavi Y R;Mohana Radhika M;Bhaskar M (Zoology Dep, College of Biological and Earth Sciences, S V University, Tirupati-517 502) : Alterations in carbohydrate precursors of intestine in the silkworm larvae, Bombyx mori (L) on administration of thyroxine hormone. J Nat Conserv 2008, 20(2), 301-7.

The silkworm, Bombyx mori(L) hybrid (PMx NB₄D₂) were fed on VI variety ofmulbeny leaves treated with thyroxine hormone (lml of thyroxine solution sprayed on 5g. of mulbeny leaves) I in every day every feeding from the first day of III instar to the end of V instar. The effect of , thyroxine on the intestine carbohydrate metabolism was studied in the V instar silkworm larvae. Quantitative changes of carbohydrate precursors and some key enzymes were , analysed. The total carbohydrates, free glucose, glycogen, lactic acid, pyruvic acid and some . I enzymes namely LDH, MDH and SDH levels were significantly increased over control on I administration of thyroxine. The increased total carbohydrates, free glucose, glycogen, lactic I acid, pyruvic acid, LDH, MDH and SDH indicate which might be essential for improved I production of cocoon. The administration of thyroxine hormone has induced alterations in carbohydrate metabolism and enzymatic pattern which might be an essential metabolic modulation required for the improved production of cocoon.

1 table, 28 ref

002327   Phirke P;Zambare S P (Zoology Dep, Bhusawal Arts, Science and P.O. Nahata Commerce College, Bhusawal) : Effect of quinalphos and thiodan on protein and ascorbic acid contents in Parreysia corrugata.. Bioinfolet 2009, 6(4), 356-9.

Alterations in proteins and ascorbic acid contents in gills, gonads and digestive gland of freshwater bivalve, Parreysia corrugata exposed to Quinalphos and Thiodan were studied. Protein and ascorbic acid content decreased in gills, gonads and digestive glands of P. corrugata exposed to thiodan and quinalphos. Probable causes of decrease in the contents of protein and vitamin C are discussed.

1 table, 23 ref

002326   Pathani S S;Kanwal B P S;Ashok Kumar (Zoology Dep, Kumaun University, S S J Campus, Almora-263 601) : On some biological aspects of Schizothorax richardsonii (Gray) of Sarju river, Kumaun Himalayas. J Nat Conserv 2008, 20(2), 213-20.

Some aspects of biology of famous game and food fish, the snow trout, Schizothorax richardsonii (Gray) of Kumaun Himalayas have been attempted. The fish is herbivorous in feeding habits in young and adult stage while the fry and fingerlings are omni- herbivorous in feeding habits (collected from Sarju river). Qualitative and quantitative estimation of dietary spectrum of the fish have been studied for last one year, 2007. Straight line relationship . between total length and body weight (W= -281.12 + 1.73 L, where r = 0.92) of the fish has been established. The condition factor was variable month - wise and season - wise with a relationship to the feeding habits and spawning period of the fish. A population study in terms of size, weight and sex - ratio has been made in the paper.

2 illus, 3 tables, 23 ref

002325   Pandey M K;Ojha N K (Zoology Dep, L.M.V. Hafizpur (J.P. University) Chapra, Bihar) : Preliminary study on the periphyton richness in Bahiara wetland (North Bihar). Ecotech 2009, 1(1), 73-8.

This study aimed at evaluating the periphyton richness in Bahiara wetland. Samples were taken monthly from two sites for one year (January 2007 to December 2007) at a fixed set of depths in the water column. Twenty five periphyton taxa were recorded in a Bahiara wetland. This collection of 12 samples included 6 taxa of Chlorophyceae, 5 Cyanophyceae, 5 Rotifera, 4 Crustacea, 2 Bacillariophyceae, 2 Protoza, and 1 Euglenophyceae. The site I of the Bahiara wetland was recorded less periphyton richness in comparison to site II (Bamboo side). The temporal variation of water quality of the study area account for this high taxa richness.

3 tables, 16 ref