002324   Omkar;Pervez A (Biocontrol Laboratory, Zoology Dep, Govt. Degree College, Talwari, Chamoli-246 482) : Antenal sensillae of an aphidophagous ladybird, Propylea dissecta. J appl Biosci 2008, 34(2), 168-71.

Scanning Electron Microscopy of antennae of adult male and female aphidophagous ladybird, Propylea dissecta (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera) was done to find out differences in the antennal sensillae of the two sexes. The antennae in both the sexes were eleven-segmented. The size of antennae (1.067 mm in male and and 1.111 mm in female), and their scape (0.133 mm in male and 0.195 mm in female) was shorter in male than female while the ninth flagellar segment (0.142 mm in male and 0.140 mm in female) was shorter in female than male antennae. There were six types of sensillae, viz. squamiformia (Sq), chaetica (Ch), trichoidea (Tr), basiconica (Ba), ampullacea (Am) and campaniformia (Ca) on the antennae of both the ladybirds. Sensillae Ch were more in number on female antenna while sensillae Tr and Ba were more on male antenna. Sensillae Ba were present on the scape of male antenna, while absent on female antenna. Sensillae Am were present on the entire length of male antenna, while restricted to the ninth flagellar segment of female antenna.

21 ref

002323   Munde A V;Hiware C J;Dhonde E G (Zoology Dep, Mahatma Gandhi College, Ahmedpur Dist. Latur, Maharastra) : Population dynamics of cestode from Mastacembelus armatus (Lacepede, 1800). J Nat Conserv 2008, 20(2), 183-7.

Deals with the study of population dynamics of cestode parasites from fresh water fish Mastacembelus armatus collected from Parbhani district of Marathwada region for the period of July 2003 June 2005.The parasite collected were turned out to be a genus Circumoncobothrium vishvanathnesis n. sp. and values for the study period. The seasonal variation was also studied for all above parameters and observed that values are higher during summer month and low during winter month & and there was no parasite found during the rainy season.

2 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

002322   Madhu V R;Panda S K (Veraval Research Centre, Cenrtal Institute of Fisheries Technology, Veraval-362 269, Email: vr_madhu@hotmail.com) : Effect of tow duration and speed on the capture efficiency of bottom trawl. Fish Technol 2009, 46(1), 25-32.

Catching performance of a 34 m High opening bottom trawl (HOBT) was studied with tow durations of 15, 60 and 120 min each and with two towing speeds (0.87± 0.03 and 1.36 ± 0.03 ms^{-1) to find out changes in the species retention and escapement in terms of weight and number from the codend. Variations in the retention and escapement catch per unit effort (CPUE) in terms of weight and number for the different tow durations were compared. Although, the mean catch rate expressed as mean CPUE was found to be consistently higher in the 15-min haul, the difference was not statistically significant from that of 60 and 120-min hauls. Within and between hauls variation in catch rate of six species (as determined by SIMPER analysis) was studied using univariate GLM with tow duration and speed as categorical predictors. The catch rates of three species Trichiurus lepturus, Lactarius lactarius and Uroteuthis (Photololigo) duvauceli were found to be significantly different due to tow duration effect, but neither speed nor the interaction effect had any significant effect on the catch rates for these species. The mean diversity, dominance and evenness indices showed no significant difference among the hauls of different tow durations. Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that the short duration tows of 15-min are as effective as the 60 and 120- min tows for estimating catch per unit effort in terms of total weight, number and diversity indices.}

3 tables, 20 ref

002321   Jamdar S;Tusharand D;Babajadhav (Zoology Dep, Dr.B.A.M. Univ Aurangabad, Maharashtra, Email: Sujeetjamdar@gmail.com) : Occurrence of trichuris globusa (V. linstow, 1901 A, B ransom, 1911) in bufo melanostictus from chikalthana, (M.S.) India. Ecotech 2009, 1(1), 67-9.

The study deals with the specimens of the genus Trichuris, Roederer, 1761. Collected from the intestine of Bufo melanostictus, Schneider, 1799 from Chikalthana MIDC Aurangabad (M.S.), India. Toad is not the common host of this genus. The species of this genus are the parasites of ruminant mammals (ex. - primates, pigs, sheep, goats, deer, rodents, African antelopes, foxes etc.) found all over the world. It is a new record and indicates marked host specificity for the species of the genus. Description of the parasite indicates the new host record and also indicates a new locality for that parasite. It is a case of an accidental infection in toad.

1 illus, 9 ref

002320   Imtiyazahmad;Chishti M Z;Zaki F A;Javaid Hassan (P.G. Dep of Zoology Univ of Kashmir, , Hazratbal Srinagar-190 006, Email: imtiyaz_ku11@yahoo.co.in) : Effect of hoeing and 5% garlic (Allium sativum) solution on nematodes infesting Brassica oleracea crop. Ecotech 2009, 1(1), 59-60.

A field experiment was conducted at Lctapora Pulwama during 2006 to study the effect of 5% garlic solution on nematodes associated with Brassica oleracae var. knol khol. The nematodes encountered were Helicotylenchus vulgaris, Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus, Psilenchus hilarulus, Tylenchus exigus, Aphelenchus avenae small number of Rhabditis spp. and Dorylaimid spp., were also present. The mean.number of nematodes calculated from control plots was 872.16 ±192.87, and that from hoed plots was 567 ±150.78 nematodes and mean calculated from treated plots was 249 ± 46.74. 34.99% of nematodes were controlled in hoed plots (P<0.0121) and 71.45 % of nematodes were controlled in treated plots (P< 1.6592).

1 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

002319   Hooda S (Genetics Laboratory, Bio Sciences Dep, M D University, Rohtak-124 001, Email: santoshhooda@gmail.com) : Starvation and desiccation stress resistance in six Drosophila species and Zaprionus indianus from Rohtak. J Nat Conserv 2008, 20(2), 177-82.

Investigations have been carried out to compare the desiccation and starvation tolerant capacities of six Drosophila species and Zaprionus indianus, all of which live in different ecological niches. Flies were grown on species specific thermal range so that these simulate possible environmental thermal conditions of different geographical areas on the Indian subcontinent. It has been found that desiccation and starvation tolerance of species leads to their clustering according to the climatic origin. Temperate populations are found to be more resistant to desiccation stress than populations from tropical regions. Resistance to both stresses decreases with increasing temperature and ANOVA shows that maximum variability in mean life duration of each specie was due to temperature .

1 illus, 4 tables, 11 ref

002318   Haridas D V;Pillai D;Mohanakumaran Nair C; Sherief P M (Aquaculture Dep, College of Fisheries, Panangad, Cochin-682 506) : White tail disease: a viral disease of giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (deMan). Fish Technol 2009, 46(1), 45-52.

Virus borne diseases are extremely difficult to control and constitute one of the major problems of prawn farming. Till recently, the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii was regarded as disease resistant. But there have been recent reports on white tail disease (WTD), a virus borne disease of M.rosenbergii affecting the aquaculture industry of India. In this review, clinical signs, causative agents, mode of transmission and various diagnostic methods of white tail disease are discussed.

1 illus, 28 ref

002317   Gupta S;Nirbhay Singh;Alexander Lall (School of Entomology, Zoology Dep, St. John's College, Agra-282 002) : Moisture preference of some coprophilous arthropods in the common habitat dung. J Nat Conserv 2008, 20(2), 337-40.

Dung acts as a common habitat for different types of coprophilous arthropods. The diversity of coprophilous arthropods mainly depends upon the moisture content of the dung. Present paper deals with investigations on the impact of dung moisture on the diversity of coprophilous arthropods. These arthropods usually prefer 30%-80% moisture content in the dung. Scarabaeidae beetles represented the dominant coprophoilous species, wrile the abundance of other beetles and dipterans were very high among all the arthropods.

1 table, 13 ref

002316   Gangotri V M;Mudkhede L M (Zoology Dep, Takali Dhokeshwar College of Arts and Science, Takali Dhokeshwar-414 304) : Effect of Vinca rosea flower extract on respiration in the freshwater crab, Barytelphusa guerini (H. milne edwards) (decapoda, potamidea). Bioinfolet 2009, 6(4), 320-2.

Respiratory metabolism in freshwater crab, Barytelphusa guerini increased due to the treatment with Vinca rosea flower extract. The increased oxygen uptake under the influence of V. rosea was associated with stimulation of SDH, while inhibition of LDH activity.

2 tables, 8 ref

002315   Chaubey S N;Tarkeshwar Ram;Yadav A (Zoology Dep, S.D.J.P.G. College Chandeshwar, Azamgarh-276 001) : Changes in glucose and glycogen levels in the eggs of rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica Stainton (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). J appl Biosci 2008, 34(2), 210-12.

The quantity of glucose decreased significantly in the eggs of age group between 0-24h but rose markedly between 66-72h of embryonic development. The amount of glycogen was lowest in the eggs of 0-6h age, but rose markedly at each stage of embryogenesis and reached its peak in the eggs of 30-36h age. In the eggs of older age, a significant and continuous decline in glycogen at each stage was observed.

1 table, 14 ref

002314   Chakraborty S K;Biradar R S;Jaiswal A K; Palaniswamy R (NO, Central Institute of Fisheries Education (Deemed Univ), Mumbai-400 061) : Growth, mortality and yield per recruit of Johnieops vogleri (Bleeker) from Mumbai waters. Fish Technol 2009, 46(1), 1-6.

Growth, mortality and yield-per-recruit of sharp toothed hammer croaker, Johnieops vogleri (Bleeker) is studied. L∞ and K were estimated as 374 mm and 0.73/year. Z, M and F were estimated as 4.13, 1.27 and 2.86 respectively. The length at first capture was 170 mm. Phi prime was calculated as 6.94. This species with Z/K ratio of 5.65 has high mortality. The yield isopleth diagram shows that optimum yield can be obtained at Lc/ L∞ value of 0.45 and E of 0.65. This shows that the fish belongs to quadrant "C" of 'yield isopleth' diagram where fishery is well developed and large sized fish can be caught at higher efforts. However, it may deplete the stock. Thus in order to sustain the catch, it is better to continue fishing at the present level of efforts.

5 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

002313   Boopendranath M R;Shahul Hameed M (NO, Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, P.O. Matsyapuri, Cochin-682 029) : Energy analysis of traditional non-motorised gill net operations, in Vemband lake, Kerala, India. Fish Technol 2009, 46(1), 15-20.

Fish production and energy requirement in the traditional non-motorised gill net operations, in Vembanadu Lake, Kerala, India are discussed in this paper. Gillnetting is targeted at mullets and other estuarine resources and is operated from traditional two-men canoes of 5.5 m L_OA, using paddling as means of propulsion. Fishing operations take place from November to July while during the other months it is suspended due to the presence of large quantities of macro-vegetation, drifting downstream. Mean number of days of operation is 225 days. Mean catch per year per gill-netter was estimated to be 8.4 t of which mullets contributed 25.1%, followed by sciaenids 17.1%, carangids 15.5%, cat fishes 13.6%, prawns 13.3% and miscellaneous fishes 15.2%. GER.t fish^-1 was found to be 0.61 GJ making this one of the most energy efficient system. Nearly 98.92% of the GER is contributed by fishing gear and the balance by the fishing canoe. Energy efficiency ratio was 8.01 and energy intensity value was 0.125.

5 illus, 2 tables

002312   Bhoir K K;Suryawanshi S A;Pandey A K (Zoology Dep, Institute of Science, 15 Madam Cama Road, Mumbai-400 031, Email: akpandey_cifa@yahoo.co.in) : Effect of sublethal heroin administration on histo-morphology of testis of albino Mus norvegicus. J appl Biosci 2008, 34(2), 177-80.

Effect of sublethal (0.50 LD₅₀; 13.5 mg/kg/day) heroin administration on histo-morphology of testis of Mus norvegicus (Wistar strain) was studied. Testis of control rat showed convoluted seminiferous tubules consisting of basement membrane and a lining of stratified epithelium. The epithelium comprised Sertoli cells and spermatogenic cells. Sertoli cells were tail, irregularly columnar and extended from basal lamina to the lumen. The spermatogenic cells exhibited uniform cellular arrangement with five maturation stages - spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa. Seminiferous tubules of the rats treated with heroin for 30 days exhibited massive degenerative changes in the spermatogonial cells, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes and spermatids. Intercellular space between the cells increased and number of Sertoli cells was reduced. The lumina showed debris of spermatogenic cells with scanty spermatozoa. Leydig cells of the heroin treated rats showed atrophy and vacuolization.

6 illus, 29 ref

002311   Bellarmine K C;Pauly K V;Shahul Hameed M (School of Industrial Fisheries, Cochin Univ of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Cochin-682 016) : Escapement pattern of Nemipterus japonicus from bottom trawl. Fish Technol 2009, 46(1), 21-4.

Knowledge of the escapement pattern of fishes through various sections of the trawl is necessary for improving capture efficiency and trawl selectivity. In the study, the escapement pattern of Japanese threadfin bream (Nemipterus japonicus) through the upper panel of a demersal fish trawl is presented. The study revealed that the escapement of the Japanese threadfin bream is mostly restricted to mid-belly and hind belly sections, throat and codend, where crowding occurs. No exclusion was observed through the wings, square and anterior belly sections, though having larger meshes ranging from 120 to 160 mm, which is attributed to herding effect of the netting panels in these sections where the fish are less crowded.

5 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

002310   Agarwal A;Goyal P K;Yadav A (Zoology Dep, School of Life Science, Dr.B.R. Ambedkar Univ, Khandari Campus, Agra-282 002, Email: praveen.ind2000@gmail.com) : Combined effect of nitrogen dioxie and sulphur dioxide on brain lipid content of albino rat. Ecotech 2009, 1(1), 41-3.

The work was undertaken to investigate, the combined effect of nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide on food consumption, body weight, brain weight and brain total lipid content in albino rats for 15 and 30 days. Combined gas exposure with nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide resulted in significant reduction of food consumption (p<0.001), body weight (p<0.01), brain weight (p<0.01) and brain total lipid (p<0.001) in comparison to control rats. The decrement in food consumption, body weight, brain weight and brain total lipid content in albino rat after combined exposure of nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide is the result of inflammatory action of toxic gases.

1 table, 18 ref

002309   Abbas A R;Ninan G;Joseph A C;Ravishankar C N (NO, Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Matsyapuri (PO), Cochin-682 029) : Effect of hydrocolloids on the functional properties of batter mix used for the preparation of coated shrimps. Fish Technol 2009, 46(1), 33-8.

Effect of the addition of three different hydrocolloids viz. Guar Gum (GG), Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) and Carboxy Methyl Chitosan (CMT) on the functional properties of batter mix used for the preparation of coated shrimps was investigated. The maximum viscosity was noticed in batter containing GG at 1:2 dilution followed by batters containing CMC and CMT. Among the three batter systems, GG based batter showed highest shear thinning behavior and indicated maximum viscosity at lower dilutions and lower shear rates. Compared to the other two batters, GG based batter indicated maximum water retention capacity irrespective of temperatures and dilutions. In coated shrimps, the highest pick up was observed with GG-based batter, followed by CMC and CMT based batters. Thus, in terms of functional properties and batter consistency, GG based batter mix was found to be superior to the other two batter mixes.

4 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

001458   Singh S P (Zoology Dep, Govt. P. G. Autonomous College, Satna, Madhya Pradesh) : Some field observation on animal food of monkeys in Chitrakoot M.P.. Ind Res Commun 2008, 2(1), 44-6.

The Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) and Hanuman langur (Presbytis entellus) are the most common monkeys of Chitrakoot area. Generally monkeys are largely vegetarian, its diet includes stems, leaves, flowers, pods, fruits, berries and seeds. They also feed on a large number of animal foods directly or indirectly for their survival. During present investigation the different animal dietary/food components were identified and listed during the present study.

15 ref

001457   Singh A K (A K Singh, Zoology Dep, A.N. College, Patna, Bihar) : Effect of methyl cellosolve on the accessory sex glands of the laboratory mouse. Modern J Life Sci 2007, 6-7(1-2), 141-6.

Effects of oral administration of Methyl Cellosolve (400 mg/kg body weight, up to 14 days) on the accessory sex glands of the laboratory mouse belonging to Parkes (P) strain were studied. Treatment with the drug induced no effect on the accessory sex glands.

6 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

001456   Siddiqui A;Choudhary R K;Sangeeta Singh (Zoology Dep, Govt. Holkar Science College, Indore) : Biology of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) under laboratory conditions. Ind Res Commun 2009, 3(1), 56-60.

Present study is an attempt on biology of Helicoverpa armigera in in vitro conditons Gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) is a dreaded enemy of chick pea, pigeon pea, cotton, potato, tomato and many other economically important crops. In present work efforts were concentrated to study the biology of pest with the view to find some clue in finding the most appropriate stage of H. armigera to be control so that damage of crop by H. armigera can be stopped. The in vitro development of Helicoverpa armigera helps in having view of the breeding pattern of the pest. The developmentof insect was slow and the life span has been found to be 40 days for female while 36 days for male. The life cycle included four stages i.e. egg, larvae, pupae and moths. There were six larva instars found. The growth of insects was found to be totally dependent on the food, temperature and humidity which were maintained 25+2°C and 75-80% respectively throughout the experiment.

3 illus, 3 tables, 9 ref

001455   Patro L (Environmental Toxicology Lab., Zoology & Biotechnology Dep, K.B.D.A.V. College, Nirakrapur-752 019, Email: dr.lingarajpatro@siffy.com) : Toxicological effects of cadmium chloride on the body weight of a fresh water fish, Oreochromis mossambicus, Peters. Ind Res Commun 2009, 3(1), 36-8.

Emission of cadmium compounds discharged from various industries into water bodies are having detrimental effects on aquatic species like fishes. Due to many industrial uses such as an electroplating plants, dyestuffs industries, metallurgy and mining industries. This metal, cadmium has become widely employed and is now a major threat to man's environment. In this paper an attempt has been made to study the toxic effects of heavy metal cadmium on a fresh water fish, Oreochromis mossambicus, Peters and its ecological implications The MAC value deduced from toxicity study was 1.25 mg/L of cadmium chloride in 50 liters of water for 30 day. A safety concentration of 1.20 mg/L of cadmium chloride L-50 was selected for this study. It has been observed that cadmium chloride exposed fishes appeared lethargic when compared to control fish. Inappetence and ataxia was observed in exposed fish. Exposed fishes showed erratic movements loss of equilibrium, gradual onset of inactivity etc. The Body weight of exposed fish decreased significantly, when compared to the control fish. Where a significant increase by 10.88 % in Body weight was marked. In exposed 5.52 % decrease in Body weight was marked. When the exposed fish was transferred to toxicant free medium, partial recovery by 1.84 % was noted.

1 table, 16 ref

001454   Paliwal A;Verma D (Entomology Dep, Ganjdundwara P.G. College, Ganjdundwara, Etah-207 247) : Description of some external receptor organs of a new species of Entomobrya, (Collembola: Entomobryidae). Ind Res Commun 2009, 3(1), 31-2.

Structure and function of some external receptor organs of a new species of Snowfleas (Order-Collcmbola) of the genus Entomobrya Rondani i.e. Entomobrya manalica sp. nov. has been described from Manali Valley and its environs. This species differ from their closely related species Entomobrya rolitangensis Baijal in the body colour, body clothed with numerous short and long hair like ciliated setae and also in structure and presence of receptor organs. A brief note on the receptor organs of Entomobrya manalica sp. nov. is also given.

4 illus, 7 ref

001453   Paliwal A;Laxmi Singh (Zoology Dep, Ganjdundwara P.G. College, Ganjdundwara, Etah-207 242) : Assessment of haematological alterations in Channa punctatus after deltamethrin exposure. Ind Res Commun 2009, 3(1), 33-5.

Pesticides are essential to use but harmful to non-target organisms which may alter ecological balance. The pesticides residues are washed away by rain water into river. These pesticides undergo biodegrada-tion in soil, water, aquatic animals and plants. Fishes are sensitive indicators of water quality and necessary for ecological balance. It is needed to assess the effect of some frequently used pesticide on haematological parameters of fish. In the present study, deltamethrin show significant changes in haematology of Channapunctatus.

1 table, 15 ref

001452   Mahto R B;Singh A K;Singh S (Zoology Dep, R.K.D. College (Magadh Univ), Patna-800 013) : Energy flow through primary productivity and fish yield in two ponds of Patna (Bihar). Modern J Life Sci 2007, 6-7(1-2), 61-6.

Primary production and fish yield from two perennial freshwater ponds of Patna (Bihar), India has been studied. The results were calculated in terms of energy units. Values for photosynthetic efficiency varied from one water body to another. In Kacchi talab, the efficiencies were of a lower order reflecting the poor management of water body, while in Secretariat pond the efficiencies were higher. Kacchi talab gave a fish yield of 225.8 g m^-2yr^-1, while the Secretariat pond gave 513.4 g m^-2yr^-1'. When calculated in terms of photosynthetic efficiency versus fish yield and fish versus light, Secretariat pond gave the highest conversion value of 5.59% and 0.091% and Kacchi talab gave a conversion of 3.04% and 0.040%. Non utilization of detritus energy resource was the main reason for low conversion ratio or low production. The values appeared to be fairly high conversion for the respective biotopes. The energy conversion data could be used to measure the fishing efficiency so that exploitation could be properly managed.

1 table, 16 ref

001451   Kamble N A (Zoology Dep, Shivaji Univ, Kolhapur-416 004, Email: drknitinkumar@yahoo.in) : Glycogen deplition in gills and gonads of freshwater snail Bellamya bengalensis due to lead toxicity. Ind Res Commun 2009, 3(1), 23-5.

Biochemical changes are occurred when heavy metal lead acetate tested against snail Bellamya bengalensis. The variation in glycogen in gills and gonads were studied. Overall depletion in glycogen level was observed in both organs. The per cent decrease in gills and gonads was 70.30% and 75.23% respectively. For the snail glycogen depletion was directly proportional to time of exposure.

1 table, 15 ref

001450   Gaherwal S;Kaskhedikar P;Verma S;Solanki A (Zoology Dep, Govt. Holkar Science College, Indore, Madhya Pradesh) : Hypersensitivity response in infected and vaccinated mice : Hymanolepis diminuta. Ind Res Commun 2008, 2(1), 79-81.

Immediate and delayed hypersensitivity response was induced in infected and vaccinated experimental mice by excretory-secretory (ES) antigens of heiminth-Hymanolepis diminuta. In immediate hypersensitivity (ITH) response IgE antibody binds to basophil/mast cell and released pharmacological substances. In delayed hypersensitivity (DTH) T-cell binds to macrophages and released pharmacological substances. These pharmacological substances play an important role in allergic reaction. Result of this experiment in vaccinated mice increase the response of ITH and DTH compare to non-vaccinated mice. This study showed ES antigens of eggs of H.diminuta were more responsible for imparting immunity in mice.

1 table, 10 ref

001449   Dube V;Kashedikar P (Zoology Dep, Holkar Science College, Indore) : Delayed type hypersensitivity response in mice induced by dermal exposure to chromium compounds. Ind Res Commun 2008, 2(1), 70-4.

Deals with the study of Delayed Type of Hypersensitivity(DTH) response induced by dermal exposure to certain trivalent and hexavalent chromium(Cr) compounds. Various concentrations of trivalent chromium compounds(Chromium trioxide and Chromic chloride) and hexavalent chromium compounds(Calcium chromate and Potassium dichromate) were injected subcutaneously to the experimental mice. These animals became sensitized in about 45 - 50 days and in 30 - 35 days when exposed to trivalent and hexavalent chromium compounds respectively. DTH response was assessed by inducing foot-pad oedema. It was measured after 24 hours of re-exposure as the increase in foot-pad thickness as compared to that of control. All the test compounds acted as skin allergen and caused delayed hypersensitivity reaction. Hexavalent chromium compounds being more toxic induced higher grade of DTH reaction as compared to that of trivalent compounds. Increased in foot-pad reaction/oedema clearly reflects the enhancement of cell mediated immunity, which has manifested itself in exauggerated form.

001448   Dagonkar A;Prakash M M (Zoology Dep, Govt. P G College, Dhar, Madhya Pradesh) : Length - weight relationships of two fish species in Munjsagar talab, Dhar, Madhya Pradesh. Ind Res Commun 2009, 3(1), 41-2.

Length -Weight relationship (LWR) of Some specimens of Labeo rohita and Catla- catla were studied during study period (Dec-2006 to Nov 2007), from Munj Sagar Talab, Dhar. The parameter a and b of the length relationship from W= aL^b and condition factor (c.f.) = W*100/L³ were computed.

1 table, 14 ref

001447   Bhilave M P;Nadaf S B;Deshpande V Y (Zoology Dep, Shivaji Univ, Kolhapur, Email: drmadhavbhilave@yahoo.com) : Formulation of fish feed using ingredients from salughter houses. Ind Res Commun 2009, 3(1), 26-30.

Feed formulation is the process of designing a mixture that will meet the nutritional requirement of the animal while taking into account certain practical considerations, such as acceptability of mixture to the animal, ability to be pelleted and most important its cost. Terms that one need to understand while formulating the practical fish diet are crude protein level, energy level either expressed in metabolic or digestible energy, specific amino acid level and ash level. Protein is the main constituent offish body thus dietary supply of protein is needed for rapid growth and development offish. Proximate analysis has been shown that animal sources are always higher in protein than plant sources. Hence taking into account these considerations the present formulation is done. In the present investigation animal origin sources of protein are taken from slaughter houses, such as liver, intestine or blood. They are used as basic and major ingredient in feed formulation. All the ingredients used in present investigation are of high nutritive and low economical value. The feed is well accepted and easily consumed by fishes.

32 ref

001446   Arvind Kumar;Nawlesh Kumar;Tripathi G K (Zoology Dep, S.G.G.S. College, Patna) : Effect of containers on the survival and population growth of khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium everts.. Modern J Life Sci 2007, 6-7(1-2), 147-50.

Containers in which food grains are stored by agriculturists, traders or families have a profound effect on the safety of food grains. Some of the containers provide favourable or unfavourable conditions for the multiplication of insect pests. The container in India invariably is the Gunny bag and Tin. In this investigation Tin container was found more favourable for storage of wheat because it showed 100% mortality of Trogoderma granarium on 10th day after infestation. On the other hand Gunny bag was proved to be favourable for the survival and population growth of the pest under study.

1 table, 3 ref

001445   Agrawal R;Upadhyay A K;Trakroo M D;Joshi B C (College of Fisheries, G. B. Pant Univ of Agric. & Tech., Pantnagar, Distt.- U.S. Nagar, Utarakhand) : Comparative study of effect of water leaching on physical quality of surimi (fish mince product) from tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) during freezing. Modern J Life Sci 2007, 6-7(1-2), 21-6.

Tilapia is one of the fresh water species which is abundantly available but has not much commercial value as fresh fish. Several products from tilapia like canned tilapia in tomato sauce, curry sauce etc. are found to be well accepted by the taste panelists. The addition of cryoprotectant is important to ensure the maximum functionality of frozen surimi for product development. Hence, present study was done to compare the effect of cryoprotectants on physical quality of minced meat of tilapia. Minced meat treated with sorbitol: sucrose mixture (1:1) @ 8%w/w sorbitol: sucrose: polyphosphate mixture (3:4:1) @ 8% w/w was found stable during four months of frozen storage.

3 illus, 9 ref

000400   Yousuf M;Hassan M E (Forest Entomology Div, Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur-482 021, Email: yousuf_tfri@yahoo.com) : New species of Trichogramma westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) from Chhattisgarh, India. Entomon 2008, 33(4), 253-7.

A new species of Trichogramma, T. kankerensis sp. n. is described and illustrated. T. kankerensis is closely related to T. achaeae Nagaraja & Nagarkatti by having its male genitalia with chelate structures reaching to the level of tips of gono-forceps and median ventral projection very minute and inconspicuous; but can be distinguished from the latter by having its male antennae with relatively short and uniformly tapering flagellar hairs, about two times as long as maximum flagellar width. Male genital capsule is broad, about two times as long as wide, and aedeagus as lons as apodemes.

1 illus, 13 tables

000399   Vitthalrao Khyade B;Sarwade J P (Zoology Dep, Shardabai Pawar Mahila College, Shardanagar, Baramati, Pune-413 115, Email: Vitthalraokhyade2008@rediffmail.com) : Protein profiles in fifth instar larvae of silkworm, Bombyx mori (L) (PM X CSR, ) fed with digoxin treated mulberry leaves. Bioscan 2009, 4(1), 41-4.

Digoxin, the product of Digitalis lstnata. (L) was dissolved in water to prepare ten ppm. The mulberry leaves soaked in the stock solution of digoxin for half an hour were shade dried and fed to the fifth instar larvae of multivoltine cross breed ( PM x CSR,) for the second, third, fourth and fifth day ( from 48 to 120 hours after the forth moult ). The Larvae fed with untreated and water treated mulberry leaves were also maintained. Biochemical estimation of proteins (soluble and total) was carried out at 120 h after the fourth moult. Digoxin treated mulberry fed leaves have shown improvement in protein profile of whole body, haemolymph and silk glands. Pattern of increase in soluble proteins and total proteins in whole body and haemolymph was found similar (36.584; 47.87; and 87.963, 91.428 percent respectively). Increased level of tissue proteins of silk glands was found 54.776 (soluble) and 43.373 (total) percent.

2 tables, 23 ref

000398   Venkataramudu M;Nagabhushan Reddy M;Chennaiah K;Jagdish Naik M;Indira P (Zoology Dep, Sri Krishnadevaraya Univ, Anantapur-515 003, Email: muvvavenram34@gmail.com) : Sublethal toxicity of deltamethrin in relation to sex: enzymatic studies in the freshwater fish Channa punctatus. J Indian Soc Toxicol 2008, 4(1), 22-30.

One of the most widely used active ingredients in the world (for pest control) is deltamethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid. Deltamethrin is popular not only because of its effectiveness, but also for characteristics that allow the insecticide to work efficiently at low doses. Deltamethrin is a Type-II pyrethroid compound that is however highly toxic to fish, while being less toxic to birds and mammals. In the present study, Channa punctatus was used as an animal model to determine the toxicity of deltamethrin. Males weighing 10 ± 2g and females weighing 12 ± 2g were divided into groups of ten each and were exposed to different concentrations of deltamethrin ranging from 0.02 ppm to 0.2 ppm, for five exposure periods, i.e., 1,7, 15, 20 and 30 days. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and actylcholine (ACh) content were estimated. The levels of AChE activity rose at 24 h relative to control in all the organs, whereas the ACh content dipped. Thereafter, the levels of AChE activity progressively decreased through 7 days, and continued upto the 15th day, mirroring the steady increase in ACh. From 15th day onwards, the levels of AChE activity gradually increased, and approached that of the control at 30 day exposure, whereas the levels of ACh content displayed an opposite trend.

4 tables, 65 ref

000397   Upadhyay V B;Gupta S K;Gaur K P;Srivastava C; Prasad S (Silkworm Laboratory, Zoology Dep, D.D.U. Gorakhpur Univ, Gorakhpur-273 009) : Influence of temperature on the total protein content in the silk gland of multivoltine mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori Linn.. Entomon 2008, 33(4), 283-4.

Variation in temperature significantly influenced the total protein content of silk gland in Bombyx mori. Maximum level of total protein (9.11 μg/mg) was noticed at 26 °C and minimum (5.56 μg/mg) at 10 °C. The protein content declined at higher temperature also.

1 table, 6 ref

000396   Thomas A;Ramamurthy V V (Entomology Div, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, Email: vvr3@vsnl.com) : On the problems in diagnostics of cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Entomon 2008, 33(4), 277-82.

Detailed studies on the mealybugs collected recently from different parts of India on cotton and other hosts revealed the abundance of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley. These studies also revealed that there had been confusions in the identification of this species due to synonymy, misidentifications, and anomalies due to material preparation, terminology and interpretation of taxonomic characters, in particular, the multilocular disc pores and circulus. The present study through analysis of populations from all over India, and from illustrated diagnostics of the distinguishing characters at all taxonomic levels updates the taxonomic conclusions on the multilocular disc pores in the abdominal segments.

2 illus, 14 ref

000395   Susanta Nath;Haldar P (Post Graduate Dep of Zoology, Darjeling Government College, Darjeeling-734 101, Email: susantanath@sify.com) : Comparison of biodiversity of acridids in the forest and industrial areas. Envir Ecol 2008, 26(4B), 2001-3.

Biodiversity of acridids in the industrial area and forest area were compared. The study revealed that out of 21 species of grasshoppers, 19 were available in the forest ecosystem and 11 in the industrial ecosystem, nine species were common to both ecosystems. Moreover, 10 species were available only in the forest, whereas only two were specific to the industrial area. Diversity and species richness index indicated more diverse grasshopper communities in the forest area compared to the industrial area. That difference was probably due to the variation of habitat structure in the two ecosystem.

2 tables, 9 ref

000394   Singh B K;Roy S P (Zoology Dep, Murarka College, Sultanganj, Bhagalpur-813 213, Email: drbk_singh@yahoo.com) : Taxonomic diversity of soil insects of a mango orchard of Bhagalpur, India. Bioscan 2009, 4(1), 161-5.

Deals with the taxonomic diversity of soil insects of a mango orchard. Insects belonging to 10 orders, 15 families and 38 species were recorded. Their distribution, relative status and food chain relaionship were also studied.

1 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

000393   Shukla J P;Mishra A K;Tripathi N N (P.G. Dep of Zoology, S.H. Kisan P.G. College, Basti, Uttar Pradesh) : Bio-diversity: past and present (a review). J Envir Biosci 2008, 22(2), 213-322.

Bio-diversity, the causes and essence of evolution of higher forms of life is the most essential component of our earth biosphere. Any dilation and loss in it, at any lavel is bound to impact the whole global ecosystem chain. The paper discribes various aspects related to the topic.

^iia59 ref

000392   Sharma K;Sharma D (P.G. Dep of Zoology, Hindu College, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh) : Morphology of a endocrine gland in water beetle Dytiscus marginalis L. (Coleoptera - Dytiscidae). J Envir Biosci 2008, 22(2), 187-93.

The neuroendocrine complex in Dytiscus marginalia is based on typical coleopteran pattern. It is formed by the nervous and endocrine system which together performs certain important physiological activities during the lifetime. The central nervous system of Dytiscus marginalis is quite similar to that of other coleopterans. It consist of the brain, circum oesophageal-connectives, sub oesophageal nerve mass and a double ganglionated ventral nerve cord. The entire brain exhibits a high degree of concentration of its various constituent parts.

3 illus, 25 ref

000391   Seshagiri Rao K R (Zoology Dep, Govt. Degree College for Women, Guntur-522 001) : Occurrence of the cichlid fish, Etropus maculatus (Bloch) in Andhra Pradesh. Geobios 2008, 35(4), 327-8.

^ssc1 illus, 4 ref

000390   Seraphim E R (Zoology Dep, Nirmala College, Ranchi-834 002, Email: seraphim.emmarani4@gmail.com) : Endocrine interaction during different phases of the female reproductive cycle in Hipposideros lankadiva (Kelaart). Bioscan 2009, 4(1), 143-8.

The observations suggests that STH cells are necessary to carry the normal metabolic and growth functions of the body and LTH cells prior to transition is somehow indirectly responsible for the onset of normal development. ACTH cells help to cope the stress of pregnancy by activating zona fasiculata of adrenal gland. Decrease in the number of TSH cells can be correlated with hypothyroid condition of animal. The correlation between LH cells of pars distalis and corpora lutea in the ovaries observed in H. lankadiva suggest luteotropic role of LH cells. The increase in number and size of LH cells occur at ovuiation. These cells become partly degranulated after implantation when the corpus luteum is under progressive regression. Thus the pars distalis of pituitary glands play a role in regulating the embryonic diapause in H. lankadiva.

32 illus, 3 tables, 16 ref

000389   Sastry M S;Tembhare D (Zoology Dep, Rashtrasant Tukdoji Maharaj Nagpur Univ, Nagpur-440 033, Email: sastry_nidhi@rediffmail.com) : Histochemical study of ovarian dehydrogenases SDH and glucose-6-phosphate during various phases of reproductive cycle in Indian leaf-nosed bat Hipposideros speoris (Schneider). Bioscan 2009, 4(1), 45-51.

Describes cyclical changes in dehydrogenases (SDH and C-6-PDH) of and tricarboxylic acid pathways in the bat ovary. Hipposideros speoris is an insectivorous morotocous and monoestrus microchiropteran bat, which breeds once in a year. The female genitaiia are morphologically bilaterally symmetrical but sinistral dominance exists hence for the study all left ovaries were utilized. These two ovarian dehydrogenases showed variations during different stages of reproductive cycle, in alt the types of growing follicles and all three types of interstitial glands (Igc) including thecal, stromal and epithelial cords, however, a specific change in the enzyme profile was observed during each phase of reproductive stage. Histochemieal shift in the enzymatic activity during different reproductive phases corresponded to the change in the metabolic requirements as well as in the process of steroidogenesis.

21 illus, 1 table, 35 ref

000388   Ravikantha R;Neeraja P (Zoology Dep, Sri Venkateswara Univ, Tirupati-517 502, Email: pneeraja2000@yahoo.co.in) : Acute ammonia stress on activity levels of certain liver dehydrogenases in fish, Oreocromis mossambicus. Bioscan 2009, 4(1), 63-5.

Ammonia is an important component of industrial wastes. It is also a byproduct of fish metabolism. But the increase in ammonia concentration in ambient medium is toxic to fish. The present investigation is to understand the immediate response of the animal to low concentration of ammonia. Fish Oreochromis mossambicus is taken for the present study. Animals weighing 10 gm and 8 cm long are exposed to 2.46 ppm of ammonia solution for one and two days. In order to understand the impact of acute ammonia stress on the energetic of the liver tissue, pyruvate and lactate levels and activity levels of Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), Malate dehydrogenase(MDH),lsocitrate dehydrogenase (CDH) ( both NAD and NADP dependent) enzyme levels were estimated in the liver tissue of the animal. A decrement on pyruvate, SDH, MDH and ICDH along with increment in lactate and LDH enzyme levels was observed suggesting an anaerobic situation as a physiological adaptation to the imposed stress.

2 tables, 20 ref

000387   Ramesha;Kulkarni R S (Studies and Research in Zoology Dep, Gulbarga Univ, Gulbarga-585 106, Email: ramesha_gug@rediffmail.com) : Endocrine pancreas in the Indian fresh water fish, Notopterus notopterus (Pallas). Bioscan 2009, 4(1), 167-70.

The structure of the teleost endocrine pancreas is unique in its tendency to form either a large accumulation of islet tissue (principal islet) or a similar accumulation surrounded by a rim of exocrine tissue (Brockmann body). This morphological peculiarity constitutes a valuable model for investigation of islet hormones and their interactions. The pancreatic lobes of Notoptents notopterus have packed acinar cells arranged in most irregular way. Abundantly seen acinar cells separated by a thin film of reticular tissue surround scattered islet of langerhans. Islets contain larger alpha cells at the periphery and smaller beta cells in the middle region. The serum insulin and glucose level determined by Coat- a-count insulin¹²⁵| radio immunoassay (RIA) method during four phases of the reproductive cycle indicate that the serum insulin level increases from preparatory phase to prespawning phase while the blood glucose level decreases from preparatory phase to prespawning phase and increases during spawning phase indicating requirement of the hormone insulin during breeding period. The above results suggests that the fresh water fish, Notopterus notopterus has islets of langerhans in the pancreatic tissues as that of higher vertebrates and is capable of synthesizing insulin hormone regulating blood glucose level.

3 illus, 16 ref

000386   Ramakrishna S;Bhaskar M (Zoology Dep, S.V.U. College of Biological and Earth Sciences, S.V. Univ, Tirupati-517 002, Email: rksreerama@yahoo.co.in) : Improvement in cocoon parameters of silkworm larvae, Bombyx mori (L) on induction of thyroxine hormone. Bioscan 2009, 4(1), 175-8.

An attempt has been made in study to assess the effect of thyroxine on the cocoon parameters of the silkworm larvae, Bombyx mori (L), The popular silkworm, Bombyx mori (L) hybrid (PM x NB₄D₂) were fed on V₁ variety of mulberry leaves treated with thyroxine hormone (1mL of thyroxine solution sprayed on 5g of mulberry leaves) in every day every feeding from the first day of III instar to end of the V instar and allowed for cocoon spinning. Cocoon weight, shell weight, shell ratio, filament length denier, renditta, fibroin and sericin were estimated in the control and experimental cocoons. In general, the administration of thyroxine hormone resulted in the enhancement of cocoon parameters such as increased cocoon and shell weight, elevated filament length, reduced denier and renditta and also the cocoon proteins like fibroin were increased significantly with the reduced sericin. Such a type of improved economic parameters of the silkworm which is an adoptive positive value and provides better yielding results for the sericulturists on administration of thyroxine hormone.

1 table, 32 ref

000385   Rahman M S;Yolmo M (PG Dep of Zoology, Darjeeling Government College, Darjeeling-734 101, Email: srahman139@rediffmail.com) : Protein content of hemolymph of some aquatic snails of North Bengal. Envir Ecol 2008, 26(4B), 2176-8.

Three aquatic snails viz. Pila globosa, Terebra dislocata and Bellamys bengalensis were collected from the same pond of Hasimara, district Jalpaiguri, West Bengal with a view to assess the concentration of protein present in the hemolymph of the snails. The result revealed that the protein concentration in the hemolympph of P. globosa was higher than the other two species T. dislocata and B. bengalensis. The lowest concentration of protein in the hemolymph was found in T. dislocata. The trend was maintained throughout the experiment. At the beginning of the study, concentrations of protein present in the hemolymph of the snails were 162.3 ± 4.71, 116.5 ± 7.83 and 147.4 ± 6.35 mg/10 ml respectively, but at the end the values were 167.1 ± 5.92, 120.9 ± 3.54 and 150.4 ± 8.76 mg/100 ml respectively. The variation in the amount of protein present in the hemolymph of different snail is species-speific. The order of concentration of protein was P. globosa > B.bengalensis > T. dislocata.

1 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

000384   Prem Apurva;Thakur P C;Sinha S K (P.G. Dep of Zoology, V.B. Univ, Hazaribag-825 301, Email: apurva.prem@gmail.com) : Reproductive behaviour and hatching in Harpaphe haydeniana (Wood). Bioscan 2009, 4(1), 117-20.

Study was limited to the examination of morphological and behavioral aspects of reproduction in the species cultured in our laboratory. The courtship and mating behaviour of the organisms have been noted; their eggs and pupoids have been studied, photographed and presented in this paper. The post-embryonic growth of the millipede from Instar-l up to Instar-VI has been examined in detail. In each Instar, after the moult, the number of body segments, the number of legs, the number of segments in the antennae, the number of podous and apodous segments, the presence or absence of paranotum has been examined.

15 illus, 7 ref

000383   Pol S B;Patil V A;Kengar S B;Patil S S (NO, Yashwantrao Chavan College of Science, Karad-415 124, Email: pol.suvarna@rediffmail.com) : Histopathological study of liver of Lepidocephalus thermalis exposed to larvin. Bioscan 2009, 4(1), 179-82.

Histological changes were observed in the liver of fish Lepidocephalus thermalis due to Larvin exposure. Chemical composition of Larvin is thiodicarb is stomach and contact insecticide it is harmful to human swallowed or absorbed through skin. Histopathological effects of Larvin were cytoplasmic vacuolizatton of the hepatocytes, Blood vessel congestion, necrosis and fatty infiltration, increased volume of sinusoidal space. The histochemical observation revealed marked reduction in glycogen contents of the liver cells as compared with the control fish. Acidic mucosubstances intensity was decreased at periphery and increased at the centre. These changes were time or dose dependent.

6 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

000382   Pawar K R (Zoology Dep, R. T. M. Nagpur Univ Campus, Nagpur-440 033, Email: dbtembhare@gmail.com) : Neurosecretory system of the ventral ganglia in the water beetle, Cybister tripunctatus OL. (Dytiscidae: Coleoptera). Bioscan 2009, 4(1), 149-55.

The ventral nerve cord consists of a suboesophageal, three thoracic and five abdominal ganglia. The neurosecretory system of the ventral ganglia consists of the neurosecretory cells, neurosecretory pathways and neurohaemal organs. The neurosecretory cells in the ventral ganglia can be classified into three main types viz., the A, B and C cells on the basis of their cytomorphologica) characteristics and staining affinities whereas the A and C cells show two sub-types, viz; A₁ A₂, C₁ and C₂ due to variation in their size. The neurosecretory cells constitute 8 groups of the neurosecretory cells- a mid-dorsal, mid-ventral, mid-anterior, mid-posterior, paired antero-lateral and paired postero-lateral groups in the suboesophageal ganglion; six groups of the neurosecretory cells, the mid-anterior, mid-posterior, paired antero-lateral and paired postero-lateral groups in the pro-, meso- and metathoracic ganglia and two lateral regions in all abdominal ganglia. The axons of the neurosecretory cells of each region run together and form a distinct neurosecretory pathway extending from the cortical to medullary region and terminating into the respective neurohaemal area or organ. Two types of neurohaemal organs, viz; the internal neurohaemal organs (areas) in the suboesophageal and thoracic ganglia and the median dorsal (perisympathetic) neurohaemal organs along with the abdominal ganglia are present.

18 illus, 2 tables, 33 ref

000381   Pal T K (Zoological Survey of India, , M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053, Email: tkpal51@rediffmail.com) : On some cucujoid beetles of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India, with four new species (Coleoptera: Discolomidae, Erotylidae, Propalticidae). Entomon 2008, 33(4), 241-51.

Four new species viz., Aphanocephalus punctipennis sp. nov., A. shompen sp. nov. [Discolomidae], Spondotriplax tungus sp. nov. [Erotylidae], and Propalticus jarawa [Propalticidae] are described from Andaman and Nico-bar Is. Their distinction from other related species and a key to the species of the discolomid genus, Aphanocephalus Wollaston from India are given. (c) 2008 Association for Advancement of Entomology.

9 illus, 11 ref