004405   Saler R S (Botany Dep, K.T.H.M. College, Gangapur Road, Nashik-2, Email: salerramling@yahoo.co.in) : Soil treatment of carbendazim and tridemorph in relation to spermosphere mycoflora of groundnut. Bionano Front 2009, 2(1), 77-80.

Carbendazim (Bavistin) and Tridemorph (Calixin) are generally used in the management of groundnut leaf spot and rust. Carbendazim it was noted that there was about 6 fold reduction in the population of fungi in the spermosphere while in soil nearly 8 fold. Altogether 29 species were recorded of which 17 from spermosphere and 22 from the soil. Increasing concentration decreased the number of fungal species. Potential pathogen Aspergillus flavus was inhibited at 100 mg/ml. Tridemorph it was noted to be inhibitory at 100 mg/ml to most of the spermosphere fungi. In spermosphere four fold decreases was seen while in soil only two fold decreases was seen in the fungal population. In all 31 fungal species were recorded and each species responded differently to the fungicide.

3 tables, 14 ref

004404   Sahu P K;Singh J S (Botanical Survey of India, , Central Circle, Allahabad-211 002, Email: singh.js1@gmail.com) : Sturctural attributes of lantana-invaded forest plots in Achanakmar-Amarkantak biosphere reserve, Central India. Curr Sci 2008, 94(4), 494-500.

Vegetation of lantana-invaded forest plots in the Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve has been analysed. Only 20 out of the 126 plots examined were found infested with lantana (Lantana camara L.). These plots were divided into low lantana density and high lantana density groups. Ordination using Principal Component Analysis on the structural attributes of the vegetation separated the plots into low altitude and high altitude groups, but did not separate lower lantana density plots from higher lantana density plots. ANOVA also indicated no significant differences in the community-level structural attributes between lower and higher lantana density plots. Nevertheless, species-level differences were evident. Some species were more abundant and showed better regeneration potential in lower lantana density plots, while others did so in higher lantana density plots. However, time-series observations on permanent plots and experimental studies on competitive and allelopathic interactions in natural field plots are warranted for ascertaining the impact of lantana invasion and for ascribing the cause and effect relationships which, at present, remain speculative. Such studies will help identify and maintain ecological barriers to lantana invasion in order to promote conservation and biodiversity in the reserves.

^ssc2 illus, 3 tables, 25 ref

004403   Pokharia A K (NO, Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, 53, University Road, Lucknow-226 007, Email: apokharia@yahoo.com) : Record of macrobotanical remains from the Aravalli hill, Ojiyana, Rajasthan : evidence for agriculture-based subsistence economy. Curr Sci 2008, 94(5), 612-22.

Analysis of 29 samples of carbonized plant material from Chakolithic Ojiyana, Rajasthan, dated to 3rd-2nd millenmum BC is presented. The unusual location of this site on the hill slope makes it unique among other sites of this culture in the region that flourished in river valleys. Comprehensive information on agrilculture-based subsistence economy on any of the Chakolithic sites in Rajasthan has been lacking so far. The results are discussed in the context of other archaeobotanical investigations from the Ahar culture sites in Rajasthan.

3 illus, 2 tables, 35 ref

004402   Pillai S G;Kamble S A;Patil M B (Research Centre of Botany and P.G. Dep, Shri Shivaji College, Parbhani-431 401, Email: rajpatil_pbn@yahoo.co.in) : Biodeterioration of paper material. Bionano Front 2009, 2(1), 118-19.

Possible role fungi as biodeteriorating agent in book collection has been surveyed inside the Raosaheb Jamkar library at Parbhani, Maharashtra. Air in the library was sampled twice daily with a Rota-Rod Air Sampler. The analysis of airmycospora indicated the presence of 30 fungal spore types of which 11 types are suspected to destroy the paper. These 11 types contributed 92% to the total airmycospora of them Cladosporium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Alternaria and Curvularia were 82% followed by Periconia, Chaetomium, Trichoderma, Torula, Rhizopus and Trichothecium.

1 table, 9 ref

004401   Patil R;Pokle D (Botany Dep, Deogiri College, Aurangabad-431 005, Email: drrppatil@gmail.com) : Trichomes in genus Alysicarpus. Desv. Bionano Front 2009, 2(1), 50-2.

Deals with study of foliar epidermal structures in the genus Alysicarpus. Desv. The investigation covers the study of 19 taxa of Alysicarpus, in which trichomes are taken into consideration.

2 illus, 10 ref

004400   Patil A;Khadse J;Patil S (Biotechnology Dep, SGB Amaravati Univ, Amravati-444 602) : Effect of chemical mutagen ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) on wild Pisum seeds physiology, morphology and yield. Indian J appl pure Biol 2008, 23(1), 169-74.

Effect of different concentration of EMS Ethyl methane sulphonate (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4%) on wild varieties of Pisum on seed germination The petriculture, total protein content and morphological variability at various doses in field and the yield parameters were found out. The results indicates that EMS has the profound effect on induction of variability in wild germplasm of Pisum.

2 tables, 18 ref

004399   Patale S S;Mukadam D S (Botany Dep, S.A.J.V.P.M's Gandhi College, Beed-414 202, Email: pataleshivraj@yahoo.co.in) : Biological management of stem rot of groundnut caused by (Sclerotium rolfsii) (Sacc.). Bionano Front 2009, 2(1), 74-6.

Effect of Trichoderma species in the control of stem rot of ground nut was studied. Five Trichoderma spp. Viz. T. Viride, T. harzianum, T. hamatum, Trichoderma (local,) and Trichoderma (LocaI₂2) were evaluated against Sclerotium roltsii the causal agent of stem rot of groundnut. In dual culture technique Trichoderma (local,) and Trichoderma harzianum were strongly effective against S. roltsit, they overgrew up to 66.66% and 61.11 % respectively, in vitro. Both the Trichoderma spp. reduced stem rot incidence more or less significantly when soil application in the pot trials.

2 tables, 13 ref

004398   Pardeshi G T (Botany Dep, J.D.M.V.P.S. Science College, Jalgaon-425 001) : Aeromycoflora of safflower from Jalgaon. Bionano Front 2009, 2(1), 64-5.

Investigation deals with aeromycological study over safflower (Carthamus sp.) crop var. - JLSF - 88 from the field at Jalgaon. The crop of safflower is considered to be as one of the important oil yielding crop possessing controlling capacity of cholesterol. During investigation numbers of fungal spores were recorded prominent different 15 types of fungal spores. The period of investigation from 1st Oct. 2006 to 16th Feb. 2007 including presowing to post harvesting period of the crop. The incidence and percentage contribution of individual spores are recorded separately. Maximum spores are recorded by Cladosporium 15.12% followed by Alternaria 13.86%, Curvularia 10.92%, Papularia 5.32%, Periconia 4.62% and Basidiospores 3.92% to the total air spora.

1 table, 4 ref

004397   Mulgaonkar M S (NO, , 9, Ameya Apartment, Shreesh Society, Hazuri Road, Thane-400 602) : Sem studies on the observations of pollinia of two terricolous orchids from Maharashtra. Mendel int J 2007, 24(1-2), 55-6.

Deals with the study of Pollinia of two terricolous Orchids viz. Habenaria grandifloriformis Blatt and McCann and Habenaria gibsonii Hook. f. under SEM. Observations indicate that there is a close resemblance in the shape, size and structure of the Pollinia of these two Orchids despite of much diversity in their morpho structure.

2 illus, 8 ref

004396   Muley S M;Rathod L R;Biradar R P;Mumtaz B (Post Graduate Botany Dep, Shivaji Mahavidyalaya, Udgir, Maharasahtra) : Bio-deterioration of oil seeds by seed borne fungi. Bionano Front 2009, 2(1), 57-9.

Seeds of (oil seeds) Groundnut, Sunflower, Sesame, cultivars are reported to carry many fungi both in field and storage. These associated fungi adversely affects the health of seeds. The most common seed fungi found to be associated are mainly species of Aspergillus, Fusarium, Rhizopus, Penicillium, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Curvularia and Cephalosporium. The associated fungi are responsible for seed deterioration. Similarly they are known to inhibit seed germination. These fungi have been found to cause quantitative and qualitative changes in chemical composition of the seeds this is called as Bio-deterioration of seeds .These fungi degrade the chemicals present in the seeds which are rich in carbohydrates, protein and fats in the seed by producing certain enzymes and toxins.Oil seeds are artificially inoculated with associated fungi like Aspergillus fIavus. After 10 days these seeds are infected by fungi infected fungi changes in oil content, percent of protein, odour, colour of oil, and iodine number and saponification value in comparison with healthy seeds. The fungi caused great loss in dry weight, protein, oil, ash content and saponification number is also highly reduced in oil seeds.

3 tables, 12 ref

004395   Motwani B;Rani Singh (Botany Dep, Smt. C.H.M. College, Ulhasnagar, Thane, Maharashtra, Email: rani_s_singh@yahoo.co.in) : Screening of Achyranthus aspera, Acorus calamus, Caesalpinia crista for diuretic activity. Bionano Front 2009, 2(1), 53-4.

There are many plants reported to have diuretic activity. Diuretics are gaining increasing importance as the lifestyle diseases like hyperstension is on rise in today's modern world. The aim of the study was to screen few plants grown in the medicinal plant garden of the institute for diuretic activity. Preparation of crude extract was done from Achyranthus aspera, acarus calamus, Caesalpinia crista, plant when plant attained its maximum growth, using Soxhlet apparatus, percolators and using hydroalcoholic and alcoholic solvents. Diuretic activity was done on male rats using metabolic cages and urinary output was the parameters measured before and after the administration of crude extract of the plant.

1 table, 6 ref

004394   Mohanka R;Sinha V S;Suman R (Botany Dep, Patna Univ, Patna-800 005) : Mutagenic potential of the extract of Lantana camara L.. Mendel int J 2007, 24(1-2), 23-4.

Cytotoxic effect of a common weed Lantana camara were investigated on the root meristem of Vicia faba. The aqueous extract of different plant parts at different concentration of Lantana camara proved to be cytotoxic inducing may chromosomal abnormalities like. Fragments, stickiness, multipolar bridge, lagaards etc. mostly at Metaphase and Anaphase, Maximum percentage of abnormality was observed by treatment of Lantana camara leaves.

1 table, 8 ref

004393   Manjari Kumari;Singh A K (NO, , Moh. Thakuran, Etmadpur, Dist.-Agra-282 002) : Ethnomedicinal flora of Ottangan river banks of Agra district in Uttar Pradesh. Mendel int J 2007, 24(1-2), 53-4.

The ethnomedicinal flora of Ottangan river bank were studied and twenty six species are reported.

1 table, 13 ref

004392   Mahato M;Singh C T N;Joyti Kumar (NO, , Priyankit, 52, Circular Road, Ranchi-834 001) : Some religious plants of Jharkhand and their medicinal uses. Mendel int J 2007, 24(1-2), 47-8.

Various plant parts like root, leaf, flower, fruit, seeds, plant twig and whole plant are used in religious purpose in Jharkhand state.

1 table, 13 ref

004391   Mahato M;Kamini Kumar;Joyti Kumar (NO, , Priyankit, 52, Circular Road, Ranchi-834 001) : Stomata and epidermal cells of some medicinal plants of khunti sub-division. Mendel int J 2007, 24(1-2), 33-4.

The number of Stomata and the epidermal cells on the leaves of different medicinal plants growing in Khunti Sub-Division were recorded. Stomata are present on both the surfaces of the leaves. They may be Anomocytic, Paractyic and Diacytic. Inspite of the diversity the most frequent type is anomocytic. The shape of the epidermal cell is irregular to polygonal. The ranges of stomatal indices in different species of plants were also recorded between 7.8 to 34.9.

1 table, 11 ref

004390   Kushwaha R K S;Gupta P (Botany Dep, Christ Church College, Kanpur-208 001, Email: kushwaharks@gmail.com) : Relevance of keratinophilic fungi. Curr Sci 2008, 94(6), 706-7.

^ssc1 illus, 6 ref

004389   Kolet M J (Botany Dep, B N Bandodkar College of Science, Chendani, Thane-400 601, Email: mjkolet@hotmail.com) : Mycoflora associated with biodeterioration of paper from Mumbai and Thane regions of western Indian. Bionano Front 2009, 2(1), 68-70.

True magnitude of fungal diversity is neither fully known nor understood. Several fungi along with their roles and interactions are yet unknown of just partially known. One such group is cellulolytic fungi. Paper is one of the essential human requirements. Paper is vulnerable to invasion by fungi which decompose the cellulose and cause deterioration. The study was carried out to investigate cellulose degrading fungi from paper samples from urban areas viz. Mumbai and Thane cities in western India. Paper samples in various stages of spoilage ranging from medium to heavy deterioration were collected. Cellulolytic fungal organisms were isolated from these samples by plating dilution suspensions on selective nutrient media. A total of 40 fungal species belonging to 17 genera were encountered on the 4 paper samples investigated. Prominent among the isolated cellulolytic mycoflora were Aspergillus (11 species) and Chaetomium (10 species). Some of the isolated fungi are potential health hazards.

1 table, 15 ref

004388   Khandare M;Wakle G I;Kareepa B M (Botany Dep, D.S.M. College, Jintur, Parbhani, Maharashtra) : Effect of leaf extracts of Azardirachta indica and Eucalyptus citriodora against seed and seedling diseases of Sonamukhi (Cassia angustifolia). Bionano Front 2009, 2(1), 55-6.

Water extracts of Azardirachta indica and Eucalyptus citriodora at different concentrations were tested for their antifungal properties against, domping off and root rot infecting Sonamukhi (Cassia angustifolia Vahl) under laborotary conditions. The percentage of A. indica and E.citriodora in water were tested against Alternaria alternata. The significant inhibition at 3.5 and 3.0 percent concentrations, recorded respectively by poisoned food technique.

2 tables, 9 ref

004387   Khalid M;Ahmad S;Aeri V (Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard Univ, New Delhi-110 062) : Pharmacognostical studies on Sida acuta Burm.F.. J Sci Pharm 2007, 8(2), 75-9.

Sida acuta Burm. f. is an important medicinal plant of family Malvaceae. Many parts of this plant find use in the traditional systems of medicine being practiced in different continents of the world. This plant has been subjected to extensive phytochemical and pharmacological investigations. The article is an attempt to document the traditional uses, phytoconstituents and pharmacological properties of S. acuta. Few tissue culture studies have been reported on this plant.

^iia33 ref

004386   Kazi S S;Joshi K G;Jamdhade V M;Kausadikar H K (NO, Institute of Micronutrient Technology, Kondhawa Khurd, Pune, Maharashtra, Email: drvinodj@gmail.com) : Effect of multi-micronutrient application through soil and fertigation on sweet orange production. Bionano Front 2009, 2(1), 85-7.

Studies on effect of multi-micronutrient through soil and drip for sweet orange in Ambe Baharproduction season revealed that the yield and quality of sweet oranges were recorded highest due to multi-micronutrient application. Multi-micronutrient application to 8 year old sweet orange orchard produced favorable effect on fruit yield and increased productivity from 58.65 kg to 123.8 kg per tree and also fruit quality in terms of decrease in acidity from 0.99 to 0.80 per cent, increased juice percentage from 30.41 to 58.40 per cent as well as TSS 8.70 to 9.96°Brix. Multi-micronutrient application to 15 years age sweet orange orchard also shown significant variations as productivity was increased from 72.42 to 143.8 kg per tree and also improved fruit quality parameters viz., juice percentage increase from 33.29 to 57.80 per cent, TSS increased from 9.1 to 10.4°Brix and decrease in acidity from 0.99 0.86 per cent.

4 tables, 7 ref

004385   Kasar R P;Laddha K S;Nandi R P (Medicinal Natural Products Research Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Div, University Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathlal Parikh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai-400 019) : Effect of polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase on yams (Dioscorea spp.) and correlating its activity with diosgenin release.. Mendel int J 2007, 24(1-2), 39-40.

Effect of in-situ enzymes in Dioscorea spp. was studied during short incubation period. It is observed that the yield of diosgenin increases due to hydrolysis of dioscin. The studies also reveal that direct relationship also exists between polyphenol oxidase and diosgenin.

2 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

004384   Julit Hepziba S;Saraswathi R (Plant Breeding & Genetics Dep, Agricultural College & Research Institute, Madurai-625 104) : Identification of maintainer/restorer for Wa and perennis cytoplasms in rice. Mendel int J 2007, 24(1-2), 49-50.

Identification of potential restorer/maintainer for different sources of male sterile cytoplasm in rice and utilizing them in either heterosis breeding/backcross breeding were the objectives of the present investigation. Among the ten varieties ADT 34 was identified as an effective maintainer for IR 58025A, ADT 34 and ADT 36 for V 20A and ADT 34, ADT 42, CO 42, CO 43 and ASD 19 for IR 66707A and these combinations can be used for the development of new CMS lines. The genotype CO 43 was identified as potential restorer for IR 58025A which can be utilized in heterosis breeding.

1 table, 4 ref

004383   Hallale B V;Vaidya A B;Sultan M N M (NO, D.S.M. College, Jintur, Parbhani, Maharashtra, Email: bvhallale@gmail.com ) : Remedies and recommendations on poisonous plant. Bionano Front 2009, 2(1), 41-3.

It is only a small group of plants that produce phytochemicals which exert direct or indirect toxic actions and interferes in the metabolism of human beings and Animals. Surveys of some poisonous plants from Jintur Forest, a part of Ajanta ranges of Sahyadri of Parbhani District of Maharashtra, was undertaken and about more than 15 different plants are identified as a `Poisonous Plants' in this region. The effects of these plants on living organisms, their remedies and use of such plants as phytomedicines practiced by local tribals.

8 ref

004382   Gibbons M;Spanner T;Kholia B S (Ham Central Nursery, Ham Street, Ham Richmond, Surrey, TW10 7HA, UK, ) : Trachycarpus takil Becc. in Kumaon. Curr Sci 2008, 94(4), 444-6.

^ssc1 illus, 11 ref

004381   Ghosh R B (NO, , Ex-B.S.I C-78, New Garia, P.O Sareenagar, Kolkata-700 094) : Preliminary survey and taxonomic census of medicinal plants of south 24-paragans, W.B.. Indian J appl pure Biol 2008, 23(1), 175-9.

Account of 116 medicinal plants belonging to 50 families which were collected after ten trips between March 2002 and September, 2005. The account presents only scientific names and field numbers and others details will be published in a separate paper.

7 ref

004380   Doughman S D;Krupanidhi S (Biosciences Dep, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam-515 134) : Is algae oil fuel or nutrition?. Everymans Sci 2008, 63(3), 164-8.

Very high levels of triglyceride poly unsaturated fatty acid side chains may be the obscure reason that even after 20 years of extensive studies, algae research has yet to strike oil for fuel commercialization. Poly unsaturates can accelerate oxidation, polymerization, and gum formation during combustion. On the other hand, C. cohnii and Schizotrichium sp. microalgae omega-3 oils have been sold in the open market for many years as bioactive nutraceuticals. Thus, the near term value of microalgae oil may not be cheap fuel. Currently, the value has been realized as vital nutrition.

2 illus, 7 ref

004379   Dhavle S D;Kareppa B M;Maske V S;Rathod L R (Botany Dep, S.A.S. College, Mukhed-431 715) : Utilization of Allium cepa L. leaf extracts on linear growth of Collectotrichum capsici (SYD). Bionano Front 2009, 2(1), 62-3.

Allium cepa(L.) were tested against Collectotrichum capsici (syd) causing leaf spot of turmeric. Among these, Allium cepa found most effective to control the linear growth of Colletotrichum capsici (syd).

1 table, 4 ref

004378   Choudhary D K;Prakash A;Johri B N (Biotechnology Dep, Barkatullah University, Bhopal-462 026, Email: devmicro@rediffmail.com) : Induced systemic resistance (ISR) in plants: mechanism of action. Indian J Microbiol 2007, 47(4), 289-97.

Plants possess a range of active defense apparatuses that can be actively expressed in response to biotic stresses (pathogens and parasites) of various scales (ranging from microscopic viruses to phytophagous insect). The timing of this defense response is critical and reflects on the difference between coping and succumbing to such biotic challenge of necrotizing pathogens/parasites. If defense mechanisms are triggered by a stimulus prior to infection by a plant pathogen, disease can be reduced. Induced resistance is a state of enhanced defensive capacity developed by a plant when appropriately stimulated. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and induced systemic resistance (ISR) are two forms of induced resistance wherein plant defenses are preconditioned by prior infection or treatment that results in resistance against subsequent challenge by a pathogen or parasite. Selected strains of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) suppress diseases by antagonism between the bacteria and soil-borne pathogens as well as by inducing a systemic resistance in plant against both root and foliar pathogens. Rhizobacteria mediated ISR resembles that of pathogen induced SAR in that both types of induced resistance render uninfected plant parts more resistant towards a broad spectrum of plant pathogens. Several rhizobacteria trigger the salicylic acid (SA)-dependent SAR pathway by producing SA at the root surface whereas other rhizobacteria trigger different signaling pathway independent of SA. The existence of SA-independent ISR pathway has been studied in Arabidopsis thaliana, which is dependent on jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene signaling. Specific Pseudomonas strains induce systemic resistance in viz., carnation, cucumber, radish, tobacco, and Arabidopsis, as evidenced by an enhanced defensive capacity upon challenge inoculation. Combination of ISR and SAR can increase protection against pathogens that are resisted through both pathways besides extended protection to a broader spectrum of pathogens than ISR/SAR alone. Beside Pseudomonas strains, ISR is conducted by Bacillus spp. wherein published results show that several specific strains of species B. amyloliquifaciens, B. subtilis, B. pasteurii, B. cereus, B. pumilus, B. mycoides, and B.sphaericus elicit significant reduction in the incidence or severity of various diseases on a diversity of hosts.

^iia3 tables, 52 ref

004377   Choudhary D K;Johri B N;Anil Prakash (Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Centre Dep, Barkatullah University, Bhopal-462 026, Email: bhavdishnjohri@rediffmail.com) : Volatiles as priming agents that initiate plant growth and defence responses. Curr Sci 2008, 94(5), 595-604.

Plants are exposed to attack by pathogens and insect pests. For protection against this stress, plants have evolved defensive strategies to counteract potential invaders. Comparisons are drawn between herbivores-induced plant volatiles as an elicitor of plant defences and two other classes of signalling molecules, C6 green-leaf volatiles and C4 bacterial volatiles, which appear to prime plant defences thereby enhancing the capacity to mobilize cellular defence responses when plants are faced with herbivore/pathogen attacks. Several chemical changes in the soil are associated with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria wherein particularly, the volatile components, 2,3-hutanediol and acetoin are released extensively that trigger the maximum level of growth promotion.

^iia2 illus, 75 ref

004376   Chitra K;Dhanalakhmi K;Rajeswari E (NO, , 376, P.U. Chinappa Nagar, Pudukkotai-622 001) : Potassic fertilizer for the management of rice sheath blight disease. Mendel int J 2007, 24(1-2), 65-6.

Potassic fertilizer was tested against sheath blight of rice. The application of fertilizer as normal dose of potassium with lower level to higher with soil application significantly reduced the sheath blight incidence under pot culture conditions.

3 tables, 5 ref

004375   Bhalerao S A;Chaphekar S B (Botany Dep, Wilson College, Mumbai-400 007) : Allelopathic behaviour of Ipomoea carnea, Jacq. Bionano Front 2009, 2(1), 120-3.

Ipomoea carnea, Jacq. (Family: Convolvulaceae) an exotic from tropical America, is found growing as a common weed in many places throughout the country, especially along bunds of agricultural fields and on wastelands. The observed success of Ipomoea carnea in field, often at the cost of other species, also is a pointer to the aggressive nature of the species. Possible reasons for the success of the species could lie in better rate of growth in the comparison with other species and its inhibitory effect on others. Study aims at understanding the Allelopathic effect of Ipomoea camea on its associate species e.g. Ricinus communis, Alternanthera sessilis.Growth of plant species was markedly influenced by the extracts of different parts roots, shoot and leaves etc. of Ipomoea carnea.

2 tables, 10 ref

004374   Bhale U N;Rajkonda J N;Sarwade P P;Kamble S S (Botany Dep, Arts Science and Commerce College, Naldurg, Osmanabad-413 602, Email: unbhale2007@rediffmail.com) : Effect of plant extracts on growth and spore germination in Alternaria spinaciae causing leaf spot of spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.). Bionano Front 2009, 2(1), 71-3.

Alcoholic leaf extracts Semecarpus anacardium, Azadirachta indica, Commiphora stocksiana and Polyalthia longifolia were very effective in controlling growth and spore germination in Alternaria spinaciae causing leaf spot of spinach 10% alcoholic leaf extracts of Semecarpus anacardium. Azadirachta indica and Commiphora stocksiana completely inhibited the growth of both resistant and sensitive isolates of A. spinaciae. The leaf extracts also checked the spore germination in the pathogen, Azadirachta indica leaf extract completely inhibited the spore germination in the test fungus at 25% concentration. However, aqueous leaf extracts of the above mentioned plant spp. showed less inhibition.

3 tables, 7 ref

004373   Aulwar U L;Awasthi R S (Microbiology Dep, Mahyco Research Foundation Trust's Badrinarayan Barwale College, Jalna, Maharashtra, Email: aulwar_uma@rediffmail.com) : Screening of DPJ of plant leaves for the production of biosurfactant by different fungi. Bionano Front 2009, 2(1), 116-17.

Soil fungi isolated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) were screened for production of biosurfactant. Soil fungi screened were identified as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fIavus, Rhozopus sp. Microbial compounds that exhibit pronounced surface and emulsifying activities are classified as biosurfactants. Deproteinised juice (DPJ) of plant leaves were used for the production of biosurfactant by fungi.Biosurfactant activity was tested by using Kerosine Emulsification Method. Amongst the fungi used Rhizopus sp. was shown more biosurfactant activity. The leaves of the plants Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus rigidis L.), Castor (Ricinus communis L.), Soyabean (Glycine max L.), Moringa oleitera L were found suitable for the production of biosurfactant by the fungi.

4 tables, 8 ref

004372   Asthana G;Verma P K;Murti;Shukla A (Botany Dep, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226 007, Email: drgasthana@yahoo.com ) : Cyathodium (Bryophyta: Hepaticae) from chakrata, Uttarakhand, Western Himalaya, India. Curr Sci 2008, 94(4), 442-3.

^ssc2 illus, 9 ref

004371   Ankit Kumar;Verma O P;Abha Singh;Poonam Singh;Bind A;Chaudhary O;Shukla A K (NO, College of Biotechnology and Allied Sciences, Allahabad Agricultural I, Allahabad-211 007, Email: ankit.biotech@gmail.com) : Comparative study of alkaloid extraction from different parts of Rauvolfia vomitoria. Bionano Front 2009, 2(1), 129-31.

Rauvolfia vomitoria is a rich source of unique natural products which are known as secondary metabolites. Alkaloid is a class of secondary metabolite. Rauvolfia vomitoria have four alkaloids which are ajmaline, serpentine, yohimbine and rescinnamine. From investigation it was found that root have alkaloids yohimbine, ajmaline and serpentine while mature leaf, very young leaf and flowers have also rescinnamine. It is important that all the parts of Rauvolfia vomitoria have alkaloids ajmaline and serpentine. The highest yield (9.10 %) was shown by very young leaf sample where as lowest yield (1.08%) by young leaf.

2 illus, 2 tables, 6 ref

004370   Anil Kumar;Jyoti Kumar;Prasad M (NO, , Priyankit, 52, Circular Road, Lalpur, Ranchi-834 001) : Changes in protein content in healthy and inoculated seedlings of different cvs. of rice and barley. Mendel int J 2007, 24(1-2), 41-2.

An attempt has been made to study the changes in protein contents in different cvs. of rice and barley during the pathogenesis of the bacterium Pseudomonas marginalis. The considerable lowering in the amount of protein during pathogenesis was recorded.

2 tables, 7 ref

004369   Akhater S;Ahmad F;Chishti M Z;Tariq K A (Post Graduate Dep of Zoology, Univ of Kashmir, Srinagar-190 006) : Seasonal dynamics of Bothiocephalus acheilognathi in Schizothorax spp and Cyprinid spp from the Kashmir valley. Indian J appl pure Biol 2008, 23(1), 67-72.

Study focuses on the seasonal dynamics of Bothriocephalus acheilognathi Yamaguti, 1934 found in Schizothorax and Cyprinid species. This tapeworm showed a well marked seasonal dynamics in both types of fishes. Among the 672 fishes collected for the present study, the percentage incidence was 12.74% with mean intensity of 17.02 and abundance 2.20. Least percentage incidence of this tape worm was found in winter season (7.04%) and highest percentage incidence in autumn season (23.80%). Schizothorax spp. showed higher values of percentage incidence than Cyprinid spp., in all seasons except summer when higher incidence of this tapeworm was observed in Cyprinid spp. (22.42%).

4 table 14 ref

004368   Ahmad S;Sultana P;Beg M Z (Botany Dep, Shibli National College, Azamgarh-276 001) : Effect of foliar spray of nitrogen on mungbean. Mendel int J 2007, 24(1-2), 35-6.

A Study on the effect of foliar spray of Nitrogen on Mungbean was studied with regard to vegetative and yield characteristic. It was noted that foliar application of nitrogen enhanced almost all the vegetative and yield parameters of cop. The maximum increase was generally noted in T₅ treatment where plant received 25 Kg N/ha as foliar the time of flowering in addition to usual fertilizer requirement of crop as basal fertilizers dose.

1 table, 9 ref

004367   Ahmad S;Beg M Z (Botany Dep, S.N.P.G. College, Azamgarh-276 001) : Foliar application of phosphorus on urd bean. Mendel int J 2007, 24(1-2), 37-8.

The different concentration of phosphorus sprayed at the time of flowering was 0.5 kg/ha, 1.0 kg/ha, 1.5 kg/ha, 2.00 kg/ha and 2.5 kg/ha along with the normal basal fertilizer dose. It was found that almost all the parameters studied increased with the foliar application of phosphorus. The maximum increase was noted in T4 and T5 treatments where the plant received 2.0 kg/ha or 2.5 kg/ha phosphorus in addition to basal fertilizer dose.

1 table, 9 ref

002324   Yesodharan K;Sujana K A (Div of forest Ecology and Biodiversity conservation, Kerala forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur-680 653) : Status of ethnomedcinal plants in the a Parambijulam Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala, South India. Ann For 2007, 15(2), 322-34.

Parambikula Wildlife Sanctuary is characterized by a rich diversity of ethnomedicinal plants and a rich heritage of traditional medicine practices. Study showed that 139 species of plants belonging to 51 different families were used in tribal medicine of this region. However, 27 per cent of medicinal plants of this region are under different categories of threat. Therefore conservation of important medicinal plants of this region is utmost necessity.

2 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

002323   Srivastava S C (Botany Dep, D A V P G Coolege, Azamgarh-276 001) : Dynamics of microbial biomass and available nutrients in sub humid tropical forest: seasonal changes and nutrient flux. J trop For 2007, 23(1-2), 151-5.

Seasonal variation in soil microbial biomass and available nutrient pool in natural and plantation forests of M.P. and Chhattisgarh were studied. Available N and P and microbial C, N and P were maximum in summer and minimum in the rainy season. There was also a strong linear relationship among microbial and available nutrients. Annual flux of N and P from microbial biomass ranged from 29-58 kg/ha and 10-18 kg/ha, respectively, supporting sufficiently to the demand from vegetation in these sub humid tropical forests.

4 tables, 8 ref

002322   Shekhawat G S;Prasad A;Verma K;Sharma A (Biosciences and Biotechnology Dep, Banasthali Univ, Banasthali-304 022, Email: gyans34@yahoo.com) : Changes in growth,lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system in seedlings of Brassica juncea under cadmium stress. Biochem Cell Archs 2008, 8(1), 145-9.

The effect of heavy metal cadmium on growth, lipid peroxidation, proline, and antioxidative enzymes viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalases (CAT) have been investigated in Brassica juncea. Cadmium was found to be effective in reducing root length and total chlorophyll content in seedlings of Brassica juncea. Increased level of lipid peroxidation in seedlings treated with cadmium indicates the production of free radicals leading to oxidative stress in plant cells, while progressive decrease in chlorophyll content and root length reffects the inhibition of growth caused by cadmium. Various antioxidant enzymes and proline content demonstrate the occurrence of tolerance mechanisms in plants. Proline content increased upto 50 μM and further decreased at higher cadmium level. SOD activity was found to be increased in beginning which was further decreased at higher cadmium concentrations. APX activity increases at low cadmium levels but CAT activity decreased throughout on increasing cadmium concentrations from 5 to 200 μM. Hence it is concluded that changes in growth parameters and antioxidant system in Brassica juncea seedlings caused by cadmium, is regulated by ROS and plant acquire various tolerance strategies to protect the cell metabolism.

3 illus, 32 ref

002321   Sharma C K;Saxena M;Sharma V (Bioscience and Biotechnology Dep, Banasthali Univ, Banasthali-302 022, Email: ck21 sharma@rediffmail.com) : Effect of different concentrations of sucrose on picroliv form hairy root culture of Picrorhiza kurrooa. Biochem Cell Archs 2008, 8(1), 155-9.

The work was undertaken involving a pharmaceutically endangered medicinal plant - Picrorhiza kurrooa, which is produced commercially for desirable hepato-protective, immune-modulating compound Picroliv. Picroliv is constituted of two important iridoid glycosides, namely kutkoside and picroside I. By utilizing the A. rhizogenes mediated "hairy root" cultures of P. kurrooa as an effective alternative production system of Picroliv has been explored during the present course of study for carbohydrate (sucrose) concentration, have been adopted for desired secondary metabolite yields. In vitro culture of transformed "hairy roots" resulting from inoculation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes has widely been exploited during the last two decades for many purposes including the production of root-specific secondary metabolites. Amongst the eight tested sucrose concentration the 4.5% level of sucrose gave maximum dry weight (D.W.) and glycoside content.

3 illus, 1 tables, 19 ref

002320   Sharief M U;Rao R R (Botanical Survey of India, National Orchidarium and Experimental Garden, Yercaud-636 602, Email: rr_rao@vsnl.net) : Ethnobotanical studies of shompens-a critically endangered and degenerating ethnic community in Great Nicobar Island. Curr Sci 2007, 93(11), 1623-8.

Shompens, a dwindling and critically endangered Mongoloid aboriginal tribe inhabiting the Great Nicobar Island, indicate poor prospects of population growth in the near future. Ethnobotanical studies conducted among the Shompens inhabiting Jhaunala, Laful, Shompenhut and Kopenheat areas have revealed some interesting plants used for food, medicine, hut construction, canoe making and honey collection. Botanical name, family, Shompen name and plant parts used are recorded along with their unique usage.

s, 27 ref

002319   Sandhu P S;Kang S S (Plant Breeding Dep, Genetics and Biotechnology, PAU, Ludhiana-141 004, Email: jaisandhu@rediffmail.com) : Variability in virus isolates causing mosaic syndrome of cucurbits in Punjab. Indian J Virol 2007, 18(2), 75-8.

Cucurbit growing areas in different agro-climatic zones of Punjab were surveyed during 2002 and 2003 for various types of mosaic disease in cucurbits. Various isolates exhibiting different types of symptoms were collected and were categorized in seven groups (MM-1 to MM-7) based on symptoms produced on muskmelon and the host range. All the isolates were transmissible through sap, aphids (Aphis gossypii) and seed. Based on the symptom expression on indicator plants, host range, transmission studies, virion morphology, biophysical properties, serology and electron microscopic studies, the isolates were identified as isolates of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Watermelon mosaic virus-1 (WMV-1).

1 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

002318   Salgare S A (Salgare Research foundation Pvt. Ltd., , Prathamesh Society Shivaji Chowk, Karjat-410 201) : Alteration of resting period of pollen of apocynaceae by herbicide (sodium arsenite). J Ecotoxic envir Monit 2007, 17(5), 493-5.

Sodium arsenite altered the resting period of pollen of all the series (F, F-24, F-48, F-72) Apocynaceae of Nerium odorum and Catharanthus roseus. It extended the resting period in 2 series and reduced in 3 series.

^ssc1 tables, 14 ref

002317   Rawat R S;Nautiyal S (Plant Physiology Discipline, Botany Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun (Uttarakhand)) : Inter-clonal variation in Dalbergia sissoo roxb. with respect to photosynthetic pigments, protein, sugar and starch contents in different climatic zones. Ann For 2007, 15(2), 246-60.

Inter-clonal variation in Dalbergia sissoo was found significant for photosynthetic pigments, protein, sugar and starch in different sites. Clones from the states of Uttar Pradesh, Haryana and Uttarakhand showed the maximum protein, sugar and starch contents in comparison to the clones from the state of Rajasthan. Effect of sites on these parameters of clones was also observed significant. Clones showed maximum value for these parameters at Bithmera (Hisar, Haryana), while minimum at Pandhori Mindo Mind (Hoshiyarpur, Punjab). The two-factor interaction effect between clone and site was also found significant at P=0.05. On the basis of the observations recorded pertaining to biochemical parameters; it was observed that clones C019, C034, C066 and C192 are well adapted at all sites compared to the clones C083 and C087.

9 tables, 12 ref

002316   Rajalakshmi M C;Shakila P (Botany Dep, H H The Rajah's College, Pudukkottai-622 001) : Cytotoxic effects of cadmium on the somatic chromosomes of Zephyranthes grandiflora Lindl.. Geobios 2008, 35(2-3), 141-4.

Cytotoxic effects of sugarmill effluent on the somatic chromosomes of Zephyranthes grandiflora Lindl. was examined on precocious movement, stickiness of chromosomes, laggard formation, bridge formations, clumping of chromosomes and denature of cells. The percentage of abnormalities increased with the increase in concentrations of cadmium, above 10 mM, all the cells become denatured.

27 illus, 1 tables,

002315   Prasad S M (Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Lab, Botany Dep, Allahabad Univ, Allahabad-211 002, Email: sheomohanp@yahoo.co.in) : Physiological and biochemical adaptations of cyanobacterium Mastigocladus laminosus to various temperature regimes. Biochem Cell Archs 2008, 8(1), 133-39.

The cyanobacterium Mastigocladus laminosus was grown at low (LTG; 25 °C) and high (HTG 45°C) temperatur in fermentor under fluorescent light of 75 μ mol photon m^-2s^-1 PAR and its morphological features and physiological and biochemical adaptations to wide range of temperature were analyzed. Acclimation to the low temperature (25°C) induced the alteration in the morphology of cyanobacterium appreciably, show ing shorter filament length and increased heterocyst frequency as compared to the filaments grown at high (45 °C) temperature. The contents of light harvesting complex: chlorophyll a, phycocyanin and carotenoids were significantly high in LTG cells, however, the energy content was high and comparable in both LTG and HTG cells. Although the growth of cyanobacterium was slow at low temperature, vet, it showed similar trend as observed at high (HTG) temperature. The photosynthetic ability of LTG cells clearly demonstrated that photosynthetic oxygen evolution and ¹⁴C fixation were optimal at 35 °C whereas HTG cells exhibited maximum photosynthetic activity at 45 °C. At supra optimal temperatures (55 and 65 °C), the photosynthetic activity declined more rapidly in LTG cells. Nitrogen fixation and nitrate reductase activities in HTG and LTG cells showed similar trends, however, LTG cells exhibited appreciably high activity at suboptimal temperatures and activity declined sharply at supra optimal temperatures. The overall results suggest that cyanobacterium Mastigocladus laminosus exhibits better physiological and biochemical adaptations to wide range of temperatures and thus, the cynobacterium has great potential for multiple applications.

5 illus, 3 tables, 23 ref

002314   Prabhu N;Shylaja R;Chinnaswamy P;Manju R; Innocent J P (Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital, Annamalai Univ, Chidambaram-680 002) : Antibacterial activities of flavonoids obtained from the root extrat of Trianthema decandra linn. Antiseptic 2008, 105(3), 148-9.

Aqueous root extracts of flavonoids obtained from Trianthema decandra L. was tested for antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacterial strains such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, S. paratyphi, Proteus vulgaris, P. mirabilis and Shigella dysenteriae. The observation reveals that the aqueous extracts of Trianthema decandra L. inhibited the growth of some bacterial strains tested. The extract dod not inhibit the growth of bacterial strains like Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and P. vulgaris. The inhibition of enteric bacterial strains such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, S. paratyphi and Shigella dysenteriae were, observed in this study. Thus the present investigation reveals that the selected plant extract has potential bactericidal effect against bacterial strains that causes skin disease such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa than other strains.

1 table, 14 ref