005303   Jitendra Kumar (Science Dep, Sampurnanand S. Univ, Varanasi-221 002, Email: jitendra_Shahi2001@yahoo.com) : Nitrogen and phosphorus release from litter decomposition in an Acacia auriculiformis plantation forest. Pl Archs 2008, 8(2), 813-20.

The three years old plantation of Acacia auriculiformis at Phulwaria-Shivpur forest division, out skirt of Varanasi city have been studied for litter decomposition and release of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). The decomposition rate was found to be vary in the first three months period. As the decomposition progressed the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus decreased throughout the period of observation. The present ash-free mass in decomposing litters on successive retrieval dates varied from 85.54-24.26, 77.31-18.12, 80.10-15.10,77.37-13.20, for phyllode, twig, root and fruit, respectively. The percent nitrogen content was varied from 84.53-20.42, 85.12-18.69, 86.38-20.12, 78.08-13.76 and the phosphorus content was varied from 86.42-13.10,62.21-11.24,55.62-5.96,62.95-9.12 for phyllode, twig, root and fruit, respectively. The single exponential decay parameters are used to calculate the decomposition constant (k) of N and P. The highest T_1/2value was found for nitrogen (5.23 months) for phyllode and lowest (2.32 months) for phosphorus in fruit litter. The turn-over time was maximum (7.55 months) for nitrogen in phyllode and minimum (3.34 months) for phosphorus in fruit litter. The annual release rate (g m^-2) of nitrogen was 5.79,2.38,3.06,4.00 and of phosphorus was 0.98, 0.73, 0.76, 0.89 for phyllode, twig, root and fruit decomposing litter, respectively. The higher release rate was observed at the end of first month in all the litter components. The higher decomposition and release rate of nitrogen and phosphorus impoverished the nutrient pool of soil.

1 illus, 2 tables, 42 ref

005302   Jan M;Zaroo M Y;Mir S H (Extension and Communication, Institute of Home Science, Kashmir Univ, Srinagar, Email: muzamil_research@mail.com) : Prevalence and adaptation of caesarean section. Indian J appl pure Biol 2008, 23(2), 215-23.

Caesarean section is one of the most effective means of reducing maternal mortality and relatively safe compared with vaginal delivery. The present study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence and adaptation of Caesarean Section among women in the state of Jammu and Kashmir. NFHS data was studied and analysed for the purpose. It is found that more young women undergo for caesarean section than older ones, especially in case of first bom and/or male baby. Caesarean section rate is more in urban areas than in rural areas. Large sized and very small sized babies have shown relation with caesarean section deliveries. Highly educated and workingwomen prefer caesarean section deliveries and this is more prevalent in private institutions. The women exposed to mass media are prone to caesarean section deliveries. The study paves way for further research.

62 ref

005301   Jain A K;Sudhir Kumar;Singh O P;Panwar J D S; Vinod Kumar (Botany Dep, Janta Vedic Collge, Baraut, Distt. Baghpat, Uttar Pradesh) : Studies in relation to Rhizobium and vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) inoculation with phosphorus in green gram (Vigna radiata). Pl Archs 2008, 8(2), 935-6.

The most likely and generally explanation of the increased uptake of P and other nutrients is that external mycelium of VAM provides large absorbing surface beyond the depletion zone. Mycorrhizal infection also increases the uptake of any soil nutrients in addition of P and N that more to plant roots. Thus, the study resulted the combined application of Rhizobium and VAM increased the N and K contents, while VAM gave more P contents in the seed of Pusa 105 as compared to PS-16 with 40 kg P/ha. Thus, it improves the quality of seed and reduces the cost of the system.

1 table, 7 ref

005300   Jadeja B A;Modhvadiya A R (Botany Dep, M.D. Science College, Porbandar-360 575) : Some medicinal plants of Vijapur taluka of Mahesana district of Gujarat, India. Pl Archs 2008, 8(2), 719-21.

In North Gujarat Region, there are hundreds of medicinal plants that have a long history of curative properties against various diseases and ailments. Reports 43 plant species of 28 families are used by the indigenous people for several common diseases like bronchitis, diabetes, leprosy, diarrhoea, cough, skin disease etc. Documentation of such knowledge is important to evaluate culture and protection exert on local biodiversity.

1 table, 4 ref

005299   Jadeja B A;Jha K;Patel A;Modhvadia A R (Botany Dep, M.D. Science College, Porbandar-360 575) : Vascular systems and nodal structure in some members of family Solanaceae. Pl Archs 2008, 8(2), 741-5.

Deals with the anatomical study in some members of family solanaceae based on nodal structure and vascular system. The species taken for the study are - Solarium melongena L., Withania somnifera Dun., Datura metal Auct. and Capsicum annuni L. Parts taken for the observation are leaf and stem for the vascular system and only stem for the nodal study. In nodal structure, nodal type is same in these four species. It is unilacunar, one trace while in vascular system, type of vascular bundles are also same in four plants. It's open, conjoint and collateral. During the whole study some variations are observed like - presence of interxylary phloem, structure of PVB and SVB, presence of tissues, thickness of cuticle layer etc.

12 illus, 15 ref

005298   Jadeja B A;Bhatt K J;Patel A (Botany Dep, M.D. Science College, Porbandar-360 575) : Households & house of tribals of Gujarat - an ethno botanical study. Pl Archs 2008, 8(2), 1027-8.

Reports the traditional uses of different plant species by the tribals of Gujarat in preparation of alcoholic beverages utensils, musical instruments and house building. About 92% of the scheduled tribes are from the rural areas.

2 ref

005297   Idu M;Ejale A;Timothy O;Comor A O (Botany Dep, Benin Univ, PMB 1154, Benin City, Nigeria, Email: macdonaldidu@hotmail.com) : Common medicinal plants sold in some local markets in Warri, Delta state, Nigeria. Pl Archs 2008, 8(2), 557-61.

The study took inventory of medicinal plant species sold in major markets in Warn South Local Government Area, Delta State, Nigeria, and the economic impact of the trade. Information was gathered by direct interaction with the traders about the medicinal use and economic benefits of their plant products. A total of 40 medicinal plant species recommended for treatment of various health needs such 35 high blood pressure, anti-natal care, dermatological conditions, cough etc were recorded. Trade on medicinal plants is a major income earner, as it was the main source of livelihood for most of the traders, over 95% being women.

1 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

005296   Idu M D;Osemwegie O O;Onyibe H I (Botany Dep, Benin Univ, PMB.1154, Benin City, Nigeria, Email: macdonaldidu@hotmail.com) : Checklist of flora in Edo State, Nigeria. Pl Archs 2008, 8(2), 539-49.

The inventory of green plant and mushroom (macromycetes or macrofungal) flora was carried out in three vegetative zones i.e. Derived Savannah, Lowland Forests and Fresh Water (swamp) of Edo State. The number of flora recorded in each of the ten (10) communities studied are enumerated as Auchi (102 plants and 25 mushroom species), Agbede (112 plants and 32 mushroom species), Agenebode (101 plants and 32 mushroom species), Igara (71 plants and 31 mushroom species), Okpella (101 plants and 32 mushroom species) in the Derived Savannah zone; Afuze (88 plants and 33 mushroom species), Ehor (105 plants and 35 mushroom species), Irua (56 plants and 33 mushroom species) in the Lowland Forest zone and Ologbo (99 plants and 9 mushroom species), Sakponba (94 plants and 12 mushroom species) in the Fresh Water zone respectively. A total of 338 flora species belonging to 77 families, 247 genera and 17 mushroom families comprising of 23 genera were identified. Also recorded was the botanical name and distribution pattern of each flora across vegetation strata. The floras that are common to all the vegetation zones and most of the communities studied include Ageratum conyzoides, Asystasia gangetica, Azadirachta indica, Calopogonium muconoides, Carica papaya, Chromolaena odorata, Citrus aurantifolia, Citrus sinensis, Cocos nucifera, Colocasia esculenta, Commelina erecta, Coprinus acuminatus, Coprinus atramentarius, Elaeis guineensis, Eleusine indica, Ficus benghalensis, Gmelina arborea, Hura crepitans, Irvingia gabonensis, Magnifera indica, Manihot esculenta, Marasmius cohaerens, Marasmius foetidus, Marasmiellus nigripes, Marasmius rotula, Musa paradisiaca, Musa sapientum, Mycena galericulata, Mycena vitilia, Nauclea pobeguinii, Newbouldia laevis, Pleurotus squarrosulus, Pleurotus tuberregium, Phyllanthus amarus, Psidiumguajava, Schizophyllum commune, Sida acuta, Spondias mombin, Synedrella nodiflora, Trametes versicolor and Xylaria polymorpha. The study showed that these floras are popular as food and medicine.

1 illus, 1 table, 28 ref

005295   Hoque N;Mukherjee A (Botany Dep, Burdwan Univ, Burdwan-713 104, Email: ambarishmukherjee@rediffmail.com) : Grasses associated with the river Damodar in Burdwan district West Bengal. Indian J appl pure Biol 2008, 23(2), 343-7.

Deals with 19 species of grasses (Poaceae) belonging to 16 genera occurring on the bank and sandy bed of the river Damodar covering about 7.5 km length of the river adjoining the villages Zakta, Bamunia and Hijalna. The discourse includes such essential features as field notes, status, distribution, flowering and fruiting periods. The common embankment species include Eragrostis coarcala, E. tenella, E. tremula, Brachiaria ramosa, B. reptans, Panicum psilopodium and Sporobolus diander. Eragrostis is the most dominant genus with three species (E. coarctata, E. tenella and E. tremula). The findings of this work may prove useful in eco-restoration of sites as wastelands necessitating revegetation through psammosere.

10 ref

005294   Gour V S;Sharma S K;Emmanuel C J S K;Kant T (Biotechnology Laboratory, FGTB Div, Arid Forest Research Institute, Jodhpur, Email: tarunkant@gmail.com) : Stomata and chlorophyll content as marker traits for hardening of in vitro raised Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) del. plantles.. Natn Acad Sci Lett 2007, 30(1-2), 45-7.

The success of any micropropagation protocol finally depends on field survival of plantations which in turn depend directly on efficiency of acclimatization. Without proper hardening procedure, it is not possible to take the plants from laboratory to land and get the desired benefits from tissue culture raised plants. Therefore, a study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the suitability of stomatal frequency, size of stomata and chlorophyll content as a set of marker traits for predicting the correct stage of hardening for a medicinally important plant- Balanites aegyptiaca. When number of stomata on lamina of in vitro raised plantlet reaches up to that of 60% of naturally growing plant, stomata size attains that of 90% of naturally growing plant and the chlorophyll content reaches up to 95% of the naturally growing plants then plantlets can be considered as enough hardened to survive in field. On the basis of the same criterion 80% success in field has been ensured for this marvelous genotype.

^ssc1 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

005293   Dubey S;Singh D V;Gupta A K (Botany Dep, Udai Pratap Autonomous College, Varanasi-221 002) : Ecological studies of Algal flora in river Ganga at Varanasi (U.P.), India. Pl Archs 2008, 8(2), 873-5.

The holy river Ganga at Varanasi lies at 25° 18' N (lat.) and 83° 1 'E (long.) in the region of Gangetic plain. The Varanasi city is situated along the bank of this river with a larger number of bathing ghats. The important sources of pollution in the river Ganges include discharge of raw sewage at different ghats, the disposal of dead animals, human bodies and the discharge of faecal matter etc. In this research paper, an attempt has been made to assess the changes in water quality of river Ganges, using the algal community structure and the physico-chemical characteristics of river water. The phycological study of Ganges water at Raj ghat, Dashashwamedh ghat, Assi ghat, Maan mandir ghat and Lalita ghat for one year has revealed the presence of Stigeoclonium, Schizomeris and Oscillatoria, at highly polluted sites and members of chlorophyceae at less polluted sites. Other algae like Chlorella, Spirogyra, Enteromorpha, and Lyngbya are also found in Ganga water.

2 tables, 12 ref

005292   Desai M;Vediya S;Pandit B R (Botany Dep, Bhavan's Sheth R.A. College of Science, Ahmedabad) : Biological spectrum of Shamlaji forest, Sabarkantha district, north Gujarat, India. Pl Archs 2008, 8(2), 1009-10.

This paper deals with the study of Biological spectrum of Shamlaji forest District Sabarkantha North Gujarat. The present study enumerated 346 plant species, which belong to 240 genera and 85 families of angiosperms. Five life forms of different percentage were observed. The highest percentage (49.42) of Therophytes and less percentage of Hemicryptophytes (0.87). Hence, the area falls under the category of Therophytic types of phytoclimate, which indicates hot and dry climate in the region, congenial for the growth of annuals and herbs.

2 tables, 21 ref

005291   Chaudhary B L;Bhatia S (Bryology Laboratory. Department of Botany, College of Science M L Sukhadia Univ, Udaipur-313 001) : Salient soil properties of Simalwara tehsil of Dungarpur district. Indian J appl pure Biol 2008, 23(2), 279-84.

Being the most important natural gift, soil is the fundamental resource for the welfare of humans and the major factor of production. The soil has been termed by the International Soil Science Society as a "limited and irreplaceable resource". In its absence the biosphere environment of humans would collapse with devastating effects on humanity. Keeping these points in view, the study of the soils of forest, agriculture and barren lands of Simalwaratehsil of Dungarpur district was taken. Twenty eight soil samples of study area were analysed for different parameters.

1 table, 8 ref

005290   Chandra S;Singh K P (Botany Dep, R.B.S. College, Agra-282 002) : Phenology and floral morphology of Tribulus terrestris L. A wild medicinal herb. Mendel int J 2007, 24(3-4), 107-8.

Tribulus terrestris L. is a wild medicinal herb profusely flowers during the month of July to September. The flowers are minute with 8 stamens and hairy yellow stigma. The fruit is dry and globose in shape with 10 sharp points and five nutlets. Exploration studies revealed that the plant is used significantly to cure cardiovascular diseases, hypertension and for increasing vitality among the village people of Agra region.

1 table, 5 ref

005289   Chak I;Agarwal R K;Ahmad J;Majeed Kak A; Siddiqui S (Institute of Basic Science, Botany Dep, Bundelkhand Univ, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh) : Medicinal plants used for treatment of respiratory diseases in Pulwama district (Kashmir) India. Indian J appl pure Biol 2008, 23(2), 267-71.

Ethnobotanical survey was conducted in Pulwama district (Kashmir). It has been noticed that Gujjars, Bakarwals (nomads), Shepherds, some rural people, some old aged persons, Sufis and Hakims use certain plant species for the treatment of various respiratory ailments in their day-to-day life. During investigation 25 medicinal plants belonging to 17 families have been identified for the treatment of various respiratory ailments.

10 ref

005288   Bondya S L;Sahu H B;Srivastava A K;Choudhary A K (NO, , Lower Chutia, Ranchi-834 001) : Some rare and endangered medicinal plants of Ranchi district, Jharkhand, India. . Mendel int J 2007, 24(3-4), 75-6.

Periodical field survey on Ethno-medicinal plants of Ranchi district was conducted during the years 2001-2005 and recorded 20 different geuera, as rare & endangered species having immense medicinal value, struggling for their survival and existence in their natural habitats, being used by the Ethnic tribes for the cure of different ailments varying from simple cold & cough to fever to various chronicle diseases. These plants are listed under rare and endangered species in the red data book.

9 ref

005287   Bhattarai S;Chaudhary R P;Taylor R S L (Central Dep of Botany, Tribhuvan Univ, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal, Email: bhattaraishandesh@yahoo.com) : Ritual and religious plants of Manang district, central. Pl Archs 2008, 8(2), 973-80.

The knowledge of plants used in religious rituals is common in Manang. In this study, local people were interviewed and their knowledge regarding 20 ritual and religious plant species belonging to 11 families under 16 genera was recorded. Among these plants 13 were herbs, four are shrubs and the remaining three, trees. Incense was the most common use. Many people of Manang have left to establish themselves in Nepal's capital city, but they continue to practice their cultural and religious rituals. Examples of this can be seen in their visits to Manang at the time of religious ceremonies, and in their collection of incense plants to carry back to their new city homes. The continued practice of traditional religious ceremonies within the local Manangi, with migrated Manangi and tourists will be the first most important tools to preserve cultural diversity and sustainable use of local wild plants will be the second alternate tool in conserving biodiversity of Manang.

1 illus, 34 ref

005286   Balakumbahan R;Sadasakthi A;Kumanan K; Rajamani K (NO, Horticultural College and Research Institute, T.N.A.U., Coimbatore) : Role of growth regulators on seedling characters of Phyllanthus amarus. Pl Archs 2008, 8(2), 709-10.

In Phyllanthus amarus poor germination may be due to several factors like under developed embryos, presence of inhibitors loss of viability etc. the viability of Phyllanthus amarus seeds may be enhanced by growth regulating chemicals. With this view a research work had been conducted at agricultural college and research institute Madurai to know the effect of GA₃ (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm), KNO₃ (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 percent.), and Thiourea at (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 ppm) on the seedling characters like germination per cent, root length, shoot length and the vigour index. The results showed that seeds soaked in 200ppm GA₃ followed by 150 ppm Thiourea and 4% KNO₃ performed better in all characters.

3 tables, 10 ref

005285   Arora N;Manpreet Kaur;Amandeep Kaur;Daljeet Singh (Botany Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana-140 004) : Variability in leaf characteristics of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes in relation to resistance to cucumber Mosaic virus. Envir Ecol 2008, 26(1), 199-202.

Eight chilli genotypes-six resistant (PP 965-01-601, VC 16 A, VC 41 A, VC 211 A, VC 228 A and VC 246 A) and two susceptible (LS I and LS II) showing variable degree of resistance/susceptibility to cucumber mosaic virus which caused chilli mosaic were evaluated for their leaf characteristics. Leaf area, Leaf area index, specific leaf area, specific leaf weight and leaf thickness were significantly higher in resistant genotypes as compared to susceptible genotypes whereas percent disease incidence was higher in susceptible genotypes. Healthy leaf characteristics having significant and negative correlation with percent disease incidence may, therefore, be useful in screening of large population of new chilli genotypes for their resistance/ susceptibility to cucumber mosaic virus even before the onset of disease.

8 illus, 9 ref

005284   Ahmad N;Fatma A (Botany Dep, Patna University, Patna, Bihar) : Flavonoid patterns in some species of Gnaphalium L. spp. Int J chem Sci 2007, 5(3), 1391-6.

Gnaphalium has eluded classification till today due to presence of homoplastic characters. The flavonoids are a group of polyphenolic compounds which though ubiquitous can lent themselves particularly well as chemosystematics marker of higher plants. The distribution of flavonoids in two species of Gnaphalium (Asteraceae: Inuleae) has been compared. The two species possess distinct flavonoid pattern.

1 table, 11 ref

005283   Ahmad M S;Bano Y (Botany Dep, Oriental College, Patna City, Patna-800 007) : Effect of red light on seed dormancy of orange fruited plant of Solanum nigrum. Mendel int J 2007, 24(3-4), 101.

The orange fruited population of general field, gangetic levee and railway yard have shown dormancy. Dormancy is totally broken with highly influence of red light.

1 table, 3 ref

005282   Ahmad M S;Bano Y (Botany Dep, Oriental College, Patna-800 007) : Effect of red light on phenological behaviour of Solanum nigrum L.. Mendel int J 2007, 24(3-4), 99-100.

The population of orange fruited of Solanum nigrum complete shorter life cycle under exposure of red light. Soil factor and environmental conditions may also effect the degree of expression often individual gave in a multiple Gene system.

1 table, 7 ref

005281   Ahire D U;Jadhav D G;Yadav S S (Botany Dep, L.V.H. College, Panchvati, Nashik-3) : Ethnomedicinally important plants from Igatpuri taluka of Nashik district (M.S.), India. Pl Archs 2008, 8(2), 601-2.

Since time immemorial mankind has used medicinal plants, to cure the different diseases. Gives an account of different uses of plants belonging to 35 medicinal plants comprising 35 genera of 25 families used by tribals and villagers for the treatment of different diseases. The study reveals that no ethnomedicinal survey has been carried out at Igatpuri taluka of Nashik district. The aim of the investigation is to enumerate the medicinal plants used by tribals and rural

9 ref

005280   Ahire D U (Botany Dep, L.V.H. College, Panchvati, Nashik-3) : Some ethnomedicinal plants of Kalwan taluka of Nashik district (Maharashtra state). Indian J appl pure Biol 2008, 23(2), 201-3.

History of medicinal plants is intimately connected with history of botany. Primitive man was living in nature and was in constant terror of diseases. From long long ago medicine men, Vaidyas, tribals and priests used various plants/plant organs in preparation of crude drugs. The investigation gives an account of different uses of plants from Kalvan taluka. Twenty five medicinal plants belonging to 25 genera and 19 families are dealt here with used by tribals and villagers for the cure of different diseases. The aim of the present investigation is to enumerate the medicinal plants used by rural people. It also throws light on their botanical name/s, local name/s.

5 ref

004431   Zadi N;Sinha M R (NO, , Duplex II, Duplex No.-8, Aastha Space, Dimna Road, Mango, Jamshedpur-831 018) : Amanita phalloides vaill. Ex Fr. - a deadly poisonous mushroom from saranda forest of Jharkhand state. Mendel int J 2007, 24(1-2), 26.

Amanita deathcap is fairly small, wrapped up in smooth, white skin called a universal veil. As the stem elongates and the cap expands, the Deathcap breaks through that veil. The cup-like volva at the base of the stem is a remnant of that universal veil.

1 illus, 3 ref

004430   Zadi N;Sinha M R (NO, , Duplex II, Vijay Green Earth, Dimma Road, Mango, Jamshedpur-831 018) : Two edible Agricus from Saranda forest of Jharkhand state. Mendel int J 2007, 24(1-2), 11-12.

The edible mushrooms Agaricus compestris and Agaricus silvicola were found to grow naturally in habitats where lot of organics were available. These fleshy fungi were an integral component of the forest ecosystem.

2 illus, 8 ref

004429   Yoriyo K P;Adang K L;Adamu S U;Sambo Z (Biological Science Dep, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Bauchi Univ, Nigeria, Email: kennedypoloma@yahoo.com) : Prevalence of gastrointestinal helmiths of free-ranging chickens and guinea fowls in Bauchi and its environs. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect A 2008, 27(1), 1-6.

A study was conducted on the gastrointestinal helminths of free-ranging adult Chickens and Guinea fowls in Bauchi. A total of 200 birds comprising of 100 Chickens and 100 Guinea fowls were examined using intestinal scraping method. The guts were collected forth nightly from Muda Lawal Market Bauchi. The overall prevalence was (77%) infection. More infection of cestodes was recorded in Guinea fowl: Railliethia tetrngonn (90%), Railtietina echinobothrida (90%), Raillietina cesticillus (87%), Chonotanea infundibidum (30%), Davainea proglotinn (2.0%), Strongyloides avium (1%) than in Chickens: Raillietina tetragona (65%), Railliethia echinobothrida (58%) and Raillietina aesticillus (15%). Nematodes infection was also higher in Guinea fowls: Heterakis gallinarum(65%), Subulura brumpti (75%), Dispharynx spiralis (32%), Capillaria obsignata, than in Chickens: Heternkis brevispiculum (29%), Subulura bruinpti (15%). The result was subjected to analysis of variance to determine the difference in infestation and intensity between the birds arid the result shows that there was no significant difference.

2 tables, 14 ref

004428   Yadav S;Yadav H (Near Public Tube Well Office, , Madhinath Road, Dist. Bareilly-243 001) : Evaluation of cytotoxic effects of Aloe barbadensis extract on the root meristem cells of Vicia faba.. Mendel int J 2007, 24(1-2), 45-6.

Study the cytogenetic effects of Aloe barbadensis leaf extract aqueous solution in Vicia faba root meristem. The control plants being normal while treated ones are significantly affected. Different concentrations of Aloe, reduced the mitotic index of Vicia root cells. Various types of mitotic abnormalities were observed.

1 table, 8 ref

004427   Wani B A;Khan A (Botany Dep, Univ of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190 006) : Ratio of fusiform and ray initials in Juglans regia L. from temperate climate of Kashmir Himalaya. Indian J appl pure Biol 2008, 23(1), 63-6.

It is generally believed that the fusiform initials constitute above 90% of the vascular cambium in tangential area of cambial zone and that the ray initials constitute less than 10%. In the study carried on Juglans regia L., it was found that fusiform initials constitute 78% and that of the ray initials constitute 22% of mean tangential area of the cambial zone.

3 illus, 16 ref

004426   Wadikar M S;Tambe S S;Khandare K R;Kadam V B (Botany Dep, Vinayakrao Patil Mahavidalaya, Vaijapur-423 701, Email: mswadikar@yahoo.com) : Effect of leaf extracts of Nerium indicum and Hyptis suaveolens on the growth of Fusarium oxysporum and Sclerotium rolfsii of chickpea. Bionano Front 2009, 2(1), 60-1.

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L) locally Known as gram or channa is an important Pulse crop widely grown in the world and as well as India. Chickpea is affected by number of diseases viz, Fusarium wilt, Dry root rot, Wet root rot, Collar rot and rot. All these are destructive causing severe losses in quantity than quality of the product. The isolated pathogen was maintained on different media. Leaf extract of Nerium indicum and Hyptis suaveolens gave significant inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum and Selerotium rolfsii.

2 tables, 5 ref

004425   Verma R;Nama K S (Botany Dep, Govt College, Kota-324 001) : Ethnoecological studies of primitive Saharia tribe of Kota division (Rajasthan). Indian J appl pure Biol 2008, 23(1), 95-8.

"Ethnoecology" is the study of past and present relationship between human and their living and non-living environment. Such a system has an ecological structure of its own and also characteristic process and function. In an "Ethnoecological system" or "Ethnoecosystem" the forest component is the basic ethnic community.

18 ref

004424   Venugopal M;Saramma A V (Marine Biology Dep, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin-682 016, Email: meeravenugopal@yahoo.com) : Alkaline protease from Bacillus circulans BM15, newly isolated from a mangrove station: characterization and application in laundry detergent formulations. Indian J Microbiol 2007, 47(4), 298-303.

Investigation on the properties of an alkaline protease secreted by Bacillus circulans BM15 strain isolated from a mangrove sediment sample was carried out in order to characterize the enzyme and to test its potency as a detergent additive. The protease was purified to apparent homogeneity by ammonium sulphate precipitation and was a 30-kDa protease as shown by SDS-PAGE and its proteolytic activity was detected by casein zymography. It had optimum activity at pH 7, was stable at alkaline pH range (7 to 11), had optimum temperature of activity 40°C and was stable up to a temperature of 55°C after incubation for one hour. Hg²⁺, Zn²⁺, Co²⁺, and Cu²⁺completely inhibited the enzyme activity, while Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺ and Fe³⁺ were enhancing the same. The serine protease inhibitor PMSF and metal chelator EDTA inhibited the activity of this protease while the classic metalloprotease inhibitor 1, 10 phenanthroline did not show inhibition. The enzyme was stable in SDS, Triton-X-100 and H₂ O₂ as well as in various commercial detergents after incubation for one hour. The extracellular production of the enzyme, the pH and temperature stability and stability in presence of oxidants, surfactants and commercial detergents suggest its possible use as a detergent additive.

4 illus, 2 tables, 25 ref

004423   Varma S (Asian Elephant Research and Conservation Centre (A Division of Asian N, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, Email: varma@ces.iisc.ernet.in) : Spatial distribution of Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) and its habitat usage pattern in Kalakad-Mundanthurai tiger reserve, Western ghats, Southern India. Curr Sci 2008, 94(4), 501-6.

The study demonstrates the value of short term, but rapid surveys in understanding the spatial pattern of distribution of the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) and its habitat usage pattern in the Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats, southern India. Results indicated that the elephants use the habitat uniformly throughout the reserve, since encounter rates of elephant dung piles were found to be similar for most of the routes surveyed. However, data on fresh dung piles, indicative of presence of elephants at any given point of time and space, pointed to a clumped distribution. With respect to habitat use, 60% of elephant signs were recorded in the evergreen forests, 13 % in grasslands and 12 % in evergreen and reed belts. However, a comparison of dung density indicates a significant difference (P < 0.0000) across the habitats and the elephant densities appear to be more in the grasslands. The elevation of the reserve ranged from 40 to 1867 m; however, presence of elephants was limited to altitudes ranging from 300 to 1300 m, out of which 90% was restricted to altitudes ranging between 600 and 1200 m.

^ssc 7 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

004422   Urkude S E;Gogle D P (PG Botany Dep, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur-440 033, Email: drdayanandgogle@gmail.com) : Effect of different wavelengths of light on growth and development of Vigna radiata L. Bionano Front 2009, 2(1), 81-4.

In the investigation, effect of different wavelengths of light on growth and development of Vigna radiata L. were studied. Studies were made by using blue, yellow, orange, red, blue-red and silver light and plant height, dry weight, ash value, acid solubility and insolubility of ash, photosynthetic rate were calculated. The experimental results showed that, due to the treatment of silver colour the dry weight of plants increased. The growth and productivity of plant is related to dry weight, higher the dry weight excellent the growth and development of plant. Plants grown under silver colour treatment had highest ash value and blue had lowest ash value. Acid solubility was found maximum in red colour treatment and opposite results was obtained in case of acid insolubility. Photosynthetic rate was found greater in silver colour treatment and lowest in blue colour treatment. On the basis of these observations it is concluded that silver colour which is not the part of visible light showed the best results.

3 tables, 14 ref

004421   Swarn Prabha;Dutta R;Smrity Prabha;Sharma H P;Prasad R (NO, , Rameshwaram, Bariatu Road, Ranchi-834 009) : Studies on nutritional and medicinal uses of 'punarnawa sag' (Boerhaavia diffusa) by the tribals and indigenous people of Ranchi district of Jharkhand. Mendel int J 2007, 24(1-2), 17.

Punarnawa Sag' (Boerhaavia diffusa) is profusely found in the forest areas of Ranchi District of Jharkhand during rainy and winter seasons. The tribal and indigenous people of the area frequently use this plant as leafy vegetable in their daily diet. Boerhaavia diffusa is rich in term a vitamins and minerals. Besides the nutritional utility in daily diet on the basis of their traditional knowledge, this plant resource is also used against various diseases like oedema, heart problems urinary disorders, low blood pressure, anaemia and leprosy.

1 table, 3 ref

004420   Surekha K;Shande C (Botany Dep, Elphinstone College, Mumbai, Email: surekhakalkar@gmail.com) : Testing independence of some physico-chemical parameters of honey Chi square test. Indian J appl pure Biol 2008, 23(1), 165-8.

Melissopalynological studies are being carried out in the forest of Wardha district. About 50 honey samples (16 of Apis florea and 34 of Apis dorsata) were analyzed to study physico-chemical parameters like pH, acidity, Fructose (F), Glucose (G), Total reducing sugars & F/G ratio. It was apparently observed that these parameters have some relation among them. Hence, it was decided to check whether there is any relation between the three sets of variables viz. glucose and fructose, acidity and pH and F/G ratio and total reducing sugars by applying Chi square test. It was observed that dextrose & glucose as well as acidity & pH were found to be dependent while the parameters F/G ratio & Total reducing sugars were found to be independent.

2 tables, 8 ref

004419   Sudhakar Reddy C;Pattanaik C;Murthy E N;Raju V S (Forestry and Ecology Division, National Remote Sensing Agency, , Hyderabad-500 037) : Mapping and monitoring of Calamus rotang L. in the adjoining areas of Ramappa lake, Andhra Pradesh using remote sensing and GIS. Curr Sci 2008, 94(5), 575-7.

^ssc3 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

004418   Srivastava S K;Srivastava P (P G Dep of Botany, D S College, Aligarh-202 001, Email: praboodh23@yahoo.co.uk) : Explant petiole abscission in Hibiscus sabdariffa L. effect of plant growth hormone in different concentrations tested from proximal and distal side. Indian J appl pure Biol 2008, 23(1), 117-24.

Investigations have confirmed that GA.3, IAA and KN are the abscission retardants whether reaching the abscission zone from proximal or distal side. The retardation of abscission shown by these plant growth hormones has been progressive with their increasing concentrations. IAA has proved to be the most effective retarder of explant petiole abscission either applied from proximal or distal side of abscission zone, GA3 occupying second and KN third position. The findings with IAA do not support the auxin gradient theory proposed by Addicott et al.A. Investigations also confirmed the abscission accelerating nature of plant growth hormones ETH and ABA. It is shown that these accelerate abscission whether applied to proximal or distal side of abscission zone and in all tested concentrations. ETH treated petioles always passed through stages of accelerated senescence before they abscised supporting the view of Burg9 who considered ethylene a natural endogenous regulator causing abscission through changes leading to senescence.

2 illus, 1 table, 36 ref

004417   Singh V;Khan M G (NO, , 52/6, Paliwal Flats, Radha Vihar, Kamla Nagar, Agra-282 005) : Cobalt and molybdenum induced changes in Lathyrus sativa L. under salinity. Indian J appl pure Biol 2008, 23(1), 113-16.

Response of grass pea (Lathyrus saliva L.) to salinity (100 μM NaCl), molybdenum and cobalt (0,50 and 100 μM) was evaluated on germination, biomass, leaf area and root branching. Salinity reduced the germination, dry weights of root and shoot, leaf area and number of root branches, whereas, the addition of cobalt and molybdenum in nutrient medium brought about a substantial increase in these parameters under saline and non - saline conditions and cobalt was found to be more affective.

2 table, 16 ref

004416   Singh K;Sinha M;Vidya Kumari;Mehta P L (Botany and Biotechnology Dep, College of Commerce, Patna-800 020) : Cytological study in Piper longum Linn.. Mendel int J 2007, 24(1-2), 25.

Cytological studies were made in Piper longum Linn and the chromosome number was determined as 2n=24. Polyploid and aneuploid taxa exist in different localities which was not observed.

5 ref

004415   Singh A P;Singh C S;Yadav H L;Singh B K (Botany Dep, R.H.S.P.G. College, Singramau, Jaunpur) : Floristic and phytosociological studies of Mailahan wetlands vegetation, Allahabad. Indian J appl pure Biol 2008, 23(1), 181-4.

Deals with phytosociological characters of riparion vegetation of Mailahan lake wetland, Allahabad. For the study Mailahan wetland was differentiated into two zones, (upper zone-site I and lower zone site-II) the species composition, phytosociological characters of vegetation of 45species of two study sites were observed during pre flowering stage. A total of 31 and 30 species were found on site I and site II respectively. The quantitative analysis of the vegetation reveals that the greater area of site I and II were occupied by the two dominant species Spilanthes paniculata and Mollugo hirta with 100% frequency and maximum abundance value.

1 table, 8 ref

004414   Singh A K;Agarwal G;Mittal N (NO, , 9, Netaji Nagar, Dayal Bagh, Agra-282 005) : Investigation of ethnomedicinal plants of Agra district (series-1). Mendel int J 2007, 24(1-2), 29-30.

The investigation we have focused 25 different ethnomedicinal plants of Agra district with special reference to there habit and parts, used by the common people.

1 table, 9 ref

004413   Shukla K (The Graduate School, College for Women, Jamshedpur-831 001) : Semecarpus anacardium L. a toxic plant of Indian system of medicine. Mendel int J 2007, 24(1-2), 18.

The preparations of the nut of Semecarpus anacardium L were used in ancient medicine and still find a place in traditional medicine. The pericarp of nut which yields a black terry oil known as bhilawan oil, is toxic and causes contacf dermatitis and skin allerge.

7 ref

004412   Shisode S B;Patil D A (Botany Dep, A S C College, Manmad-423 104) : Foliar epidermal studies in some Rhamnaceae. Indian J appl pure Biol 2008, 23(1), 107-12.

Deals with foliar epidermal features in 08 species belonging 07 genera of the Rhamnaceae. The diversity of the dermal features with respect to stomata types and number of subsidiaries, stomatal frequency and index, their distribution and orientation, cuticular striations and other cell wall contours has been given in detail for each species. The anomocytic type is however, predominant in the taxa investigated.

3 table, 10 ref

004411   Shiode S B;Patil D A (Botany Dep, Arts, Com. & Sci. College, Manmad-423 104) : Petiolar anatomy of some Celastrales. Indian J appl pure Biol 2008, 23(1), 185-92.

Deals with petiolar anatomy of 18 species belonging to 14 genera of order Celastrales. The anatomical characters of the petiole, such as petiole outline, epidermal characteristic, number of layers of parenchyma cells in the cortex, pattern of vascular system. Occurring of crystals, tannin etc. providing data to distinguish the taxa investigated.

20 illus, 5 ref

004410   Shinde A B;Hallale B V;Vaidya A P (Botany Dep, Sharda College, Parbhani-431 401, Email: bvhallale@gmail.com) : Evaluation of fungicide for the control of fusarium wilt of safflower. Bionano Front 2009, 2(1), 66-7.

Wilt of safflower caused by Fusarium oxysporium f.sp. carthami Klisiewics and Houston (FOC) is a very important disease spreading widely and causing yield losses up to 80 per cent (Sastry and Chatopadhay, 1977). Owing to its soil borne nature, chemical control is one of the viable propositions for management of such a pathogen. Therefore, studies were made to evaluate the efficacy of fungicides viz. Carbendazim (50 WP). Copper Oxychloride (50 wp), Capatafol (50 wp) and Thirum (75 wp) on the inhibition of mycelial growth of Fusarium by using food poisoning technique. Attempt was made to find out the suitable chemical to manage this disease in Parbhani region of Maharashtra.

1 table, 8 ref

004409   Sharma M;Narolia V K;Sharma M (NO, , 25, Sri Ram Nagar, Near AVM School, Kalwar Road, Jotwara, Jaipur-302 012) : Search for medicinal plants having anticancerous activity. Mendel int J 2007, 24(1-2), 43-4.

Cancer is a dreaded disease for which no cure exists in Allopathy medicine but some Ayurvedic medicine are available for curing the cancer. Investigation aims at finding plants having anticancerous activity.

1 table, 10 ref

004408   Saxena K K;Roy S (NO, , Vill + Post-Bhainsawa, Via-Rainwal, Dist.-Jaipur-302 004) : Indigenous medicinal plants to cure respiratory and bronchial diseases. Mendel int J 2007, 24(1-2), 67-8.

1 table, 11 ref

004407   Saraf A;Gupta P (Botany Dep, Institute of Science, Mumbai-32, Email: draparnasaraf@yahoo.co.in) : Antibacterial and phytochemical study on Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. Bionano Front 2009, 2(1), 44-9.

Plant Glycyrrhiza glabra was screened for secondary metabolites. Standardization of the solvent system and qualities and quantities required to get maximum separation of individual secondary metabolites was done. The methodology used showed that excellent separation of compounds was obtained. The in vitro antibacterial activity was performed by Agar ditch, Agar disc diffusion and Agar well diffusion method. The phytochemical extracts obtained after confirmation with HPTLC were examined for anti microbial activity against the pathogens infecting the respiratory tract Le. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In addition powder was tested for its minimum inhibitory concentration and further solvent fractions were tested for the zone of inhibition. Overall, the study revealed that Glycyrrhiza glabra linn is a medicinal plant, with its Alcoholic extracts having very high potency against bacteria infecting respiratory tract and Cardiac Glycoside component is nearly responsible for this effect.

5 tables, 13 ref

004406   Sanjappa M;Venu P;Dinesh Albertson W (NO, Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata-700 064) : Materials for developing databases in taxonomic research - a review. Proc Indian Natn Sci Acad 2008, 74(1), 27-38.

The essentiality of databases in taxonomic research and in taxonomists' perspective is emphasized. Specimens, illustrations and little known catalogues, besides consolidated floras are considered subjects for databases in taxonomic research. The present communication analyses the holdings in Indian herbaria, the problems that confront them and suggests ways for their greater exposition. It is felt that a consortium is to be evolved linking them to pool up the holdings and to facilitate greater accessibility of specimens. Images though not entirely substitute specimens, expedite in tracing specimens in specific herbaria, their prompt borrowing for study thereby taking appropriate taxonomic decisions and updating of nomenclature. This centralization accelerates revisionary studies and makes Indian taxonomists less dependent on European herbaria. Illustrations and less known catalogues, which too are crucially linked to literature, should find a place in databases. Images of live collections with names authenticated empower forestry personnel to collect locality specific information of various species in monitoring exercises. Problems associated with names and their inherent dynamism due to the flexibility given in the provisions of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature in databases on consolidated floras of a state/ region are also addressed. The paper reviews the efforts put in by various institutions towards digitalization. It is suggested that the database on consolidated National Flora should be carefully phased initially building fully referenced species checklists for various families followed by appending additional data sets for value addition. This gives the needed stability to the developed database. The approach should be gradual and graded and involving taxonomists as they are principle data generators. As the old databases are customized in configuration and utility and day by day the new ones getting added, this review cannot be claimed exhaustive. But it gives a broader perception with reference to the diverse resources on hand to be digitized and emphasizes how effective a database could be built upon. A thematic proposal is presented as a guideline with a submission for consideration/debate.

43 ref