SHAILAJAN S, PATIL Y P, JOSHI M, BHOSALE S
030473 SHAILAJAN S, PATIL Y P, JOSHI M, BHOSALE S (Botany Dep, Ramnarain Ruia Coll, Mumbai - 400 019, Email: sunitashailajan@gmail.com) : Pharmacognostic evaluation of Sufoof - E - Hazim. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2018, 9(12), 5308-14.
Sufoof - e -Hazim (SEH), Unani formulation with high therapeutic efficacy, has been reported to cure indigestion and flatulence. The formulation is available with different manufacturers but scientific data on its pharmacognosy is lacking. Hence, the current research work is an attempt to standardize the formulation and establish quality control parameters in terms of its phytochemical and chromatographic evaluation. SEH was prepared as per National Formulary of Unani Medicine (NFUM). As a rapid method for detection of adulteration, powder microscopy was carried out for the formulation along with its individual ingredients in order to locate persistant and discernable characters belonging to the individual ingredients from the formulation. Phytochemical evaluation was carried out along with estimation of reducing sugars and crude fibre content in the formulation. Further, a simple, rapid, accurate and sensitive HPTLC method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of pharmacologically active markers, betasitosterol and lupeol. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines for the parameters such as linearity, intra and interday precision, accuracy, recovery etc. The content of markers was calculated from the formulation as well as from the individual ingredients. Further, acute oral toxicity studies of SEH were carried out on albino Swiss mice following OECD guidelines no. 420 (fixed dose procedure). SEH was found to be safe and no mortality or abnormal behavioural changes was observed. This scientific data can be adopted to lay down new Pharmacopoeial standards to be followed in the preparation of SEH with increased and reproducible batch to batch consistency.
5 illus, 4 tables, 17 ref
KUNDU M, HALDER S, BHATTACHARJEE A
030414 KUNDU M, HALDER S, BHATTACHARJEE A (Botany Dep, Burdwan Univ, Burdwan - 713 104, Email: alokebc@yahoo.co.in) : Salicylic acid-induced modulation of growth and metabolism of a medicinal plant Mentha spicata L. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2018, 9(12), 5294-300.
Salicylic acid is a phenolic plant growth regulator found in plants with various important physiological roles. This investigation was aimed to study the effect of exogenous application of salicylic acid on the growth, metabolism and health status of Mentha spicata, an aromatic medicinal plant having several monoterpenes and antioxidants which show various kinds of medicinal properties. In the present work, some growth and biochemical parameters were recorded at 30 and 60 days after treatment with different concentrations of salicylic acid (0, 100, 200 and 300 µg ml-1 ). Results clearly revealed that salicylic acid particularly at 200 µg ml-1 concentration significantly enhanced most of the growth and some of the biochemical attributes as well as the antioxidant property when compared with that of control plants. It can be concluded that exogenously applied salicylic acid at particular doses can enhance the biomass production as well as the medicinal potential of M. spicata as evidenced from some reliable physiobiochemical parameters.
2 illus, 5 tables, 43 ref
VANDAVASI S R, SURENDRA G, MALE A, SAIKIRAN A, RAJ I S, NAIDU A R
030503 VANDAVASI S R, SURENDRA G, MALE A, SAIKIRAN A, RAJ I S, NAIDU A R (Acharya Nagarjuna Univ Coll of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guntur - 522 510, Email: srinivas.vandavasi@gmail.com) : In-vitro anti oxidant potential screening of different leaf extracts of Abelmoschus esculentus Linn. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2018, 9(12), 5253-7.
Free radicals are toxic by products of natural cell metabolism and are responsible for causing a wide number of health problems. Okra is a one of the traditional plant scientifically known as Abelmoschus esculentus Linn. belong to the family Mallow, having rich nutritional value and proved to have many therapeutic uses, various parts of this plant is used in different types of treatment, preparation of pharmaceutical products and also used in preparation of fibers. Scientifically leaf extract of Abelmoschus esculentus proved to have antipyretic, antispasmodic, anti-cancer, immuno modulatory activity. In this study petroleum ether extract, chloroform, Ethanolic extracts of Abelmoschus esculentus Linn. leaves were evaluated in-vitro by experimental parameters such as DPPH scavenging activity, Nitric oxide radical, Hydroxyl radical scavenging, superoxide dismutase scavenging capacity. Abelmoschus esculentus Linn. is used as an antioxidant, antidiabetics, hepatoprotective, cytotoxic activity, genetoxicity, antitumour activity, antilice agent. It is related to contain alkaloids, carbohydrates, fixed oils, tannins and phenolic.
4 tables, 12 ref
DATTA R, BOSE S
030374 DATTA R, BOSE S (Pharmacology Dep, Gupta Coll of Technological Sciences, Asansol - 713 301, Email: rana_datta_36@rediffmail.com) : A reproductive and developmental study following 28 days repeated oral exposure of leaves of Pterospermum acerifolium (L.) Willd in Wistar albino rats. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2018, 9(12), 5246-52.
The present study was aimed to evaluate the effects of repeated administration of methanolic leaf extract of Pterospermum acerifolium Linn. Willd. (MEPA) on the reproductive system of male and female Wistar albino rats and its developmental effects on subsequent generation. MEPA was administered to Wistar albino rats by gavage for 28 days repeatedly at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight, in accordance to OECD guidelines 414 (developmental study) and 416 (reproductive study). Male fertility was estimated by sperm count. Biochemical evaluations included estimation of glycogen content, superoxide dismutase activity and ascorbic acid. Body weight and food intake behavior was also monitored regularly. MEPA treated male and female rats were allowed to mate. After mating females were observed for signs of parturition and allowed to give birth to the F1 generation. The pups were clinically observed. At the dose levels tested MEPA does not significantly (p < 0.01) alter sperm count of male rats. Female reproductive system tolerates MEPA well. Normal gestational period was observed. Normal birth rates of F1 pups showed absence of developmental toxicity of MEPA. The no observed effect level (NOEL) for maternal and development toxicity was 1000 mg/kg/bw/d, the highest dose evaluated (p < 0.01). MEPA does not cause male or female toxicity in Wistar albino rats upon 28 day repeated oral administration upon repeated MEPA administration upto 1000 mg/kg/bw/d.
4 illus, 2 tables, 26 ref
RUTHISHA P K, KRISHNA C S, KHALEEL K M
030463 RUTHISHA P K, KRISHNA C S, KHALEEL K M (PG Studies and Research in Botany Dep, Sir Syed Coll, Kannur - 670 142, Email: ruthishapk@gmail.com) : Phytochemical, antioxidant, antibacterial activities of Nervilia crociformis (Zoll. & Moritzi) seidenf. and Nervilia infundibulifolia Blatt. & Mc cann (Orchidaceae) collected from Kasargod district, Kerala, India. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2018, 9(12), 5177-85.
The whole plant extracts of N. crociformis and N. infundibulifolia was analyzed by priliminary phytochemical, total phenolics, flavonoid, carbohydrate and alkaloid content by standard methods. In-vitro antioxidant DPPH assay and Phosphomolybdenum assay developed by Braca et al., Prieto et al., respectively. In-vitro antibacterial (agar well diffusion) activity by gram negative Pseudomonas aeroginosa (ATCC 27853), gram positive (Streptococcus mutans MTCC 890 & Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Esteritia coli ATCC 25922) and antifungal activity by Aspergillus niger (ATCC 16404). The study shows that the petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol and aqueous extract of the plants contains a good number of phytochemicals such as flavonoid, cardiac glycoside, saponin, alkaloid etc. as well as antioxidant with respect to the scavenging activity against free radicals DPPH which were roughly comparable to that of BHT. The plant extracts also exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, S. mutans, E. coli and A. niger indicating its bactericidal and fungicidal properties. It may be concluded that the plant Nervilia crociformis is chemically more active than Nervilia infundibulifolia.
8 illus, 10 tables, 16 ref
IGBOKWE U V, EZE E D, ADAMS M D, ATSUKWEI D, IKECHUKWU M
030393 IGBOKWE U V, EZE E D, ADAMS M D, ATSUKWEI D, IKECHUKWU M (Physiology Dep, Kampala International Univ, Bushenyi, Uganda, Email: daniel.ejike@kiu.ac.ug) : Newbouldia laevis leaf facilitates insulin secretion, glucose uptake and pancreatic function in alloxan-induced hyperglycaemia in Wistar rats. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2018, 9(12), 5079-85.
The antihyperglycaemic activity of aqueous leaf extract of Newbouldia laevis (ALENL) was evaluated in rats. Twenty-five rats of both sexes (120 - 160 g) were divided into five groups (A-E) of 5 animals each. Group A (control) rats were administered 0.5 ml of distilled water (DW) orally while those in group B received 100 mg/kg body weight of ALENL. Animals in groups C, D and E which induced into hyperglycaemia (intraperitoneal administration of 150 mg/kg body weight of alloxan) were also administered DW, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of ALENL respectively, once daily for 14 days. Blood glucose levels (BGL) were determined at an interval of two days. Alloxan significantly (p0.05) when compared with the DWTHA. On day 4, the extract at both doses decreased blood glucose level, but this decrease was not statistically significant (p > 0.05) when compared with the DWTHA. On days 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14, the extract at both doses decreased blood glucose level, but this decrease was statistically significant (p < 0.05) when compared with the DWTHA. The study indicates that the extract at both doses possesses antihyperglycaemic properties which may have acted by stimulating glucose utilization by peripheral tissues or increasing insulin production by the pancreas from regenerated β-cells.
4 tables, 50 ref
SINGH N, KULKARNI G T, KUMAR Y
030478 SINGH N, KULKARNI G T, KUMAR Y (Pharmaceutics Dep, ITS Coll of Pharmacy, Ghaziabad - 201 206, Email: singhneelam16@gmail.com) : Antioxidant activity assessment of Camellia sinensis leaves extract in guinea pig plasma. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2018, 9(11), 5002-8.
This study planned to screen preliminary phytoconstituents, total phenolic- flavonoids content and in-vitro, in-vivo antioxidant activities of aqueous crude extract of Camellia sinensis leaves. We assessed phytochemical constituents in extract using previously reported methods for tannins, phenols, flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids and saponins. Quantitative estimation of flavonoids and phenolic compounds was carried out by aluminium chloride and Folin Ciocalteu method. ABTS, DPPH and FRAP methods are used for in-vitro assessment of antioxidant potential; meanwhile extract was tested for antioxidant capacity in Guinea pig plasma using ORAC, MDA and GSH assay in dose dependent manner. Total phenolic and flavonoid content of the extract was found to be 251.77 ± 6.59 µg/mg and 246.56 ± 2.58 µg/mg respectively. Extract shown 93.76 ± 12 % antioxidant activity with ABTS and 95.13 ± 17.89 % when tested with DPPH hydrogen reacting radicals. While, it was calculated 92.82 ± 8.72 % for FRAP assay. The extract shows dose dependent decrease in MDA level (P < 0.05, ANOVA) in plasma. Although, the extract produced dose depended increase in GSH value 20.97 ± 2.541 µg/mg protein and ORAC antioxidant potential 23.771 ± 1.926 mM Trolox Eq/L, when compared to control group. Our findings suggest that, extract contain phenolic and flavonoids content and showed in-vitro free radical scavenging activity. In-vivo results of selected biochemical parameters of oxidative stress in Guinea pig plasma, will serve as a benchmark for further pharmacological screening of Camellia sinensis constituents, which makes this as a therapeutic adjuvant agent against free radicals mediated diseases.
1 illus, 2 tables, 40 ref
BIJAULIYA R K, JAIN S K, ALOK S
030368 BIJAULIYA R K, JAIN S K, ALOK S (Pharmacognosy Dep, Bundelkhand Univ, Jhansi - 284 128, Email: rkpharma3791@gmail.com) : Antilithiatic activity of ethanolic leaves extract of Dalbergia sissoo Linn. ethylene glycol induced lithiasis in rats. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2018, 9(11), 4923-9.
The aim of this study was to investigate the antilithiatic activity of ethanolic leaves extract of Dalbergia sissoo Linn. ethylene glycol induced in rats. All the chemicals were analytical grade. Cystone was obtained from from Himalaya Health Care Ltd. The ethanolic extract of plant Dalbergia sissoo Linn. leaves were given with tween 80 as vehicle administered orally. All chemicals were used of analytical grade available; ethylene glycol was obtained from Merck Ltd., Mumbai, India. Male Albino rats of wistar strain weighing between 150-200 g were selected for the antiurolithiatic activity. Animals were housed in polypropylene cages with the filter tops and maintained at 25 ± 2 ºC, relative humidity 55 ± 10 % under controlled conditions of 12-h light: 12-h dark cycle. In the present in-vivo study DSEE (at 100 and 200 mg/kg) exhibited a dose dependent significant anti-lithiatic activity on treatment. The extract dose of 100 mg/kg also caused reduction of calcium, oxalates, phosphorus and creatinine in blood serum level the results were found statistically significant. The antilithiatic effect of ethanol extract at was found significant than the reference standard. The ethanolic extract of Dalbergia sissoo linn. has protective effect against ethylene glycol, induced in rats.
4 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref
PRATIMA H, MATHAD P
030451 PRATIMA H, MATHAD P (Post-Graduate Studies and Research in Botany Dep, Akkamahadevi Women’s Univ, Vijayapur - 568 101, Email: pratimakalsanki@gmail.com) : Antioxidant efficiency of various extracts of seed coat and cotyledon of Cajanus cajan (L.) Mill sp. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2018, 9(11), 4894-901.
Cajanus cajan L. (Pigeonpea) is an important pulse crop of India. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds of seed coat and cotyledon of C. cajan. The antioxidant properties of pet ether, chloroform, ethanol and aqueous extracts of the seed coat and cotyledon of C. cajan were examined by a ferric thiocynate (FTC) assay, DPPH radical scavenging assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing power were analyzed separately for its inhibition percentage at different concentration (20 µg, 40 µg, 60 µg, 80 µg and 100 µg/ml). Both the samples possessed antioxidant activity however the seed coat ethanolic extract possessed prominent activity by FTC (68.2 ± 0.07 %), DPPH (90.1 ± 0.17 %) and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay (75.2 ± 0.05 %) at 100 µg/ml compared to other extracts. It was interesting to note that ferric reducing power of ethanolic extract of seed coat (1.590 ± 0.002 %) was significantly (P < 0.5) higher than that of standard BHA (1.575 ± 0.015%) at 100 µg/ml. The cotyledon extracts showed very minimal antioxidant activity compared to seed coat. Total contents of phenols (45.35 ± 0.045 mg/g gallic acid equivalent), flavonoids (32.38 ± 0.021 mg/g catechin equivalent) and tannins (2.38 ± 0.021 mg/g tannic acid equivalent) were superior in ethanolic extract of seed coat compared to cotyledon. These experimental findings suggest that the ethanolic extract of seed coat as a potential extract for the natural antioxidant present in C. cajan.
5 tables, 35 ref
SUBAMALANI S, SASIKUMAR A, MANIKANDAN S, RAMASWAMY C
030484 SUBAMALANI S, SASIKUMAR A, MANIKANDAN S, RAMASWAMY C (Physiology Dep, Tagore Medical Coll and Hospital, Chennai - 600 127, Email: drsmanikandan@tagoremch.com) : A study of neurobehavioral and biochemical activities of Acorus calamus Linn. on restraint stressed Wistar rats. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2018, 9(11), 4832-41.
Life span of human, a gradually increase can occur with change in diet and life style which play an important role in delay or even block the progression of age related degenerative problems like dementia, alzheimer’s disease. Exposure to various stress is the emerging greatest challenge to the society recent years. The ill-effect of stress is release of oxidants which is found to be always associated with cognitive decline. The natural plants like Acorus Calamus Linn. (ACL) has been proved to have antioxidant effect and ameliorating behavioral deficits caused due to neurodegenerative by exposure to stress. To investigate the behavioural activity and the biochemical effect of ethanolic extract of Acorus Calamus Linn. (EE-ACL) and the active principle α-asarone (AA) in restraint induced stressed rats. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into five groups six in each. Group I treated with 0.5 % of DMSO 1 mL/kg/p.o, Group II treated with 0.5 % of DMSO 1 mL/kg/p.o + restraint stress 6 h for 21 days, Group III treated with EE-ACL 100 mg/kg/p.o + restraint stress 6 h for 21 days, Group IV treated with AA 9 mg/kg/p.o + restraint stress 6 h for 21 days, Group V treated with Tinospora cordifolia TC 40 mg/kg/p.o + restraint stress 6 h for 21 days. The behavioural performance, biochemical analyses were done. The anxiety like behaviour was analysed by elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field test (OFT). The spatial learning and memory was assessed using Y-maze and eight arm radial maze (EARM). The Corticosterone level is estimated in all groups. Statistical analysis was done by one-way analysis of variance, followed by post-hoc Tukey's test for multiple comparison of groups. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The results suggest that EE-ACL and the active principle AA has significantly improved cognitive functions in rats subjected to chronic restraint stress. The corticosterone concentration was decreased in rats pre-treated with the plant compound. Improvement in cognition could be due to the antioxidant action of ACL. On comparing with the TC which served as a standard drug the EE-ACL treated rats showed statistically significant result. The ethanolic extract of ACL and the active principal showed neurocognitive effect due to the presence of phytoconstituents such as triterpenoids, flavonoid, tannins and saponins. Hence, ACL could be an adjuvant therapy as it plays a role in neuronal stress adaptation mechanism and have potential to prevent progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
15 illus, 1 table, 48 ref
PIZON J R L, NUÑEZA O M, UY M M, SENARATH W T P S K
030447 PIZON J R L, NUÑEZA O M, UY M M, SENARATH W T P S K (Biological Sciences Dep, Mindanao State Univ- Iligan Institute of Technology (MSU-IIT), Iligan City 9200, Philippines, Email: jhoanrheapizon@gmail.com) : In-vitro alpha- amylase inhibitory activity, antioxidant potential, and GC-MS analysis of crepe ginger (Costus speciosus (J. Koenig.) Sm) leaves. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2018, 9(11), 4741-9.
The leaves of crepe ginger (Costus speciosus (J. Koeng.) Sm. are utilized by the Subanen tribe of Lapuyan, Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines to treat diabetes. However, the hypoglycemic potential of this plant is not yet wellestablished. Thus, the present study investigated the in-vitro alpha-amylase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of the leaves of C. speciosus. The evaluation of the alpha-amylase inhibitory activity was conducted in-vitro using soluble starch. The 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity was employed in the evaluation of antioxidant activity. Total phenolics content was investigated using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The presence of phytoactive compounds that might contribute to its activities was determined through phytochemical screening and Gas chromatography - Mass spectrometric analysis. The results revealed that the leaf extracts exhibited alpha-amylase inhibitory potential and antioxidant activity which might be due to the presence of bioactive compounds such as eicosane, nonadecane, squalene, phenol, 2, 4-bis (1, 1-dimethylethyl), d-limonene, and hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester. Negative and low correlation between DPPH scavenging activity and total phenolics content were obtained from both extracts. Nevertheless, the extracts may serve as source of natural antidiabetic and antioxidant agent.
1 illus, 6 tables, 54 ref
NAEIMI S A, TANSAZ M, SOHRABVAND F, HAJIMEHDIPOOR H, NABIMEYBODI R, SABER S, SHAKIBA M, ROHANI M
030433 NAEIMI S A, TANSAZ M, SOHRABVAND F, HAJIMEHDIPOOR H, NABIMEYBODI R, SABER S, SHAKIBA M, ROHANI M (Traditional Medicine Dep, Beheshti Univ of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Email: tansaz_mojgan@yahoo.com) : Assessing the effect of processed Nigella sativa on oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome: A pilot study. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2018, 9(11), 4716-22.
The aim of this pilot study was to assess the effect of processed Nigella Sativa (N. Sativa) on oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea in patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS). Ten women diagnosed with PCOS, having oligo-amenorrhea, participated in this study. The National Institutes of Health (NIH)’s criteria were used for the diagnosis. The patients, between 18 to 38 years old, were treated with 2 g/day of encapsulated processed N. Sativa for 16 weeks. This study compared menstruation habits before and after the medication. A series of metabolic and hormonal investigations was done at the beginning and the end of the study. Participants did not take any other medications. Monthly visits were done to assess the treatment. The effects of N. Sativa on the menstrual cycle was evaluated by four criteria: menstruation occurrence, menstruations intervals, menstruation severity and menstruation duration. The blood test results were analyzed using Stata version 13. The average duration of menstruation and the ratio of cycle per month significantly increased during a 4-month intervention. In contrast, the average menstrual cycle intervals showed a remarkable decrease. 78 % with mild menstruation before the intervention had moderate menstruation. Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, FBS, insulin, AST, LH and HOMA-IR index were significantly improved after the intervention. This study suggests that treatment with N. Sativa can be considered as a selective treatment in PCOS patients with oligo-amenorrhea, which needs more studies with bigger sample size and control group.
2 illus, 1 table, 25 ref
USMAN M R M, CHAUBEY N
030502 USMAN M R M, CHAUBEY N (School of Pharmacy Dep, Sri Satya Sai Univ of Technology and Medical Sciences, Sehore - 466 001, Email: rageebshaikh@gmail.com) : Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Pyrostegia venusta Pres. Stem. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2018, 9(11), 4696-700.
Pyrostegia venusta (Ker Gawl.) Miers, Bignoniaceae, is native to the Brazilian Cerrado and popularly known as “cipó-de-são-joão”. In Brazilian folk medicine, the flowers of P. venusta are used as a general tonic and a treatment for diarrhea, vitiligo, cough, and common infections and inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system. Nevertheless, there are still no studies on its possible antiinflammatory and analgesic effects. The P. venusta methanolic and pet. ether extract was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in carrageenan-induced paw edema and anti analgesic activity effect in hot plate method. Stem extracts of Pyrostegia venusta demonstrated the analgesic activity at dose of 50 mg/kg body weight. At the end of one-hour percent analgesia induced by petroleum ether extract is 26.34 % and that by total methanolic extract is 40.69 %. The total petroleum ether extract produced 43.10 % inhibition of paw edema, methanolic extract showed 54.31 % inhibition of paw edema. Both the extracts had comparable activity. Hence it revealed that Pyrostegia venusta stem extracts had potent anti-inflammatory activity.
4 illus, 4 tables, 12 ref
FATHIMA A, KHANUM F, ILAIYARAJA N
030381 FATHIMA A, KHANUM F, ILAIYARAJA N (Nutrition Dep, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore - 570 011, Email: farhathkhanum@gmail.com) : In-vitro anti-obesity efficacy of selected plants in 3T3-L1 cell line. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2018, 9(11), 4666-73.
Obesity is a confronting global issue with excess accumulation of body fat to an extent that decreases life expectancy. It is multifactorial in origin; genetic, environmental and pathophysiological. It leads to metabolic syndrome characterized by type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, fatty liver, hyperlipidemia etc. In this study, we have screened hydroalcoholic extracts of 7 plants for anti-obesity efficacy using inhibitory effect on lipid and carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes as indicators and further screening of these plants in 3T3 L1 cell line for inhibition of adipogenesis. Among the 7 plants screened, Cyperus rotundus and Citrus limon showed highest inhibitory activity compared to other plants. These plants also showed antioxidant activity. Furthermore, these plants were investigated for their inhibition of adipogenesis and promotion of lipolysis in 3T3-L1cells. Cyperus rotundus and Citrus limon at 125 µg/mL showed inhibition of triglyceride accumulation and promoted lipolysis. Over all preliminary invitro screening study reveals Cyperus rotundus and Citrus limon showed potent anti obesity efficacy thus these plants may act as alternative herbal approach for treating obesity.
3 illus, 3 tables, 25 ref
MANGA A, GASSAMA A, DIATTA K, BASSÈNE E, COJEAN S, CAVÉ C
030425 MANGA A, GASSAMA A, DIATTA K, BASSÈNE E, COJEAN S, CAVÉ C (Assane SECKde Ziguinchor Univ, Ziguinchor, Sénégal, Email: agassama@univ-zig.fr) : Antiplasmodial activity of extracts of Khaya senegalensis (Ders.) A. Jus (Meliaceae) and Melia azedarach L., plants of Senegalese traditional medicine. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2018, 9(11), 4659-65.
Two medicinal plants (Khaya senegalensis and Melia azedarach), frequently used by a large part of the Senegalese population and in particular that of the natural region of Casamance in the traditional treatment of malaria, were selected to study phytochemistry and to compare the antimalarial activity of the different parts used (leaves, bark, and seeds). The extraction of these drugs was carried out successively following a gradient of increasing polarity with cyclohexane, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and methanol. In-vitro antiplasmodial screening of the different fractions was performed on chloroquinesensitive and chloroquine - resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum (3D7 strain and W2 strain, respectively). The MDEK fraction is the most active on 3D7 strain with an IC50 = 1.81 ± 0.53 μg / ml (Selectivity index > 55.25). Invitro cytotoxicity assays on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC cells) were performed and the selectivity index was calculated. These tests reveal the non-toxicity of the fractions tested with high CC50 and very often greater than 100 μg / ml.
4 tables, 33 ref
LATHA R, FATHIMA M, DHANRAJ K M
030420 LATHA R, FATHIMA M, DHANRAJ K M (Botany Dep, Sri Meenakshi Government Arts Coll for Women, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, Email: kmdmanoj@gmail.com) : In vitro studies on the antimicrobial effect of different solvent extracts of Dodonaea aungustifolia L. and Clerodendrum phlomidis L. against some pathogenic bacteria. Int J Drug Dev Res 2018, 10(4), 13-8.
Infectious disease caused by bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus is a major public health problem in many developing countries. In recent years drug resistance to human pathogenic bacteria has been commonly reported from all over the world. Plants have been used for centuries to treat infectious diseases and are considered as an important source of new antimicrobial agents. The anti-microbial activity of different solvent extracts of Dodonaea angustifolia and Clerodendrum phlomidis against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas auergonisa and Staphylococcus aureus was studied. Dodonaea angustifolia and Clerodendrum phlomidis were collected from the surroundings of Piranmalai hills. The shade dried plants leaves were pulverized to get a coarse powder. Since the solubility of the powdered extract is not known, its solubility was checked in different solvents with varying polarities. The evaluation of antibacterial activity for different solvent extracts of Dodonaea angustifolia and Clerodendrum phlomidis was carried out using the agar well diffusion method. Results revealed that the ethanol extract of Dodonaea angustifolia and Clerodendrum phlomidis showed maximum zone of inhibition compare to other solvent extracts. Antibacterial activity of different solvent extracts of Dodonaea angustifolia and Clerodendrum phlomidis were statistically significantly (P<0.05). The present investigation thus elucidated the anti-microbial potential of Dodonaea angustifolia and Clerodendrum phlomidis which could be used to combat microbial infections in mankind.
10 illus, 8 tables, 31 ref
THAMPY R, CHACKO A J
030494 THAMPY R, CHACKO A J (Pharmaceutical Sciences Dep, Centre for Professional and Advanced Studies, Kottayam, Kerala, Email: reshmathampy421@gmail.com) : Formulation, optimization and evaluation of glycerogelatin in situ film containing ethanolic leaf extract of Calotropis gigantea for arthritis. Int J Drug Dev Res 2018, 10(4), 1-7.
The aim of the study was to design, optimize and evaluate transdermal glycerogelatin in situ film containing Calotropis gigantea leaves extract for the treatment of Arthritis. Skin is considered as an important route of administration for both local and systemic effects. Topical film forming systems are developing drug delivery system ment for topical application to the skin, which adhere to the body, forming a thin transparent elastic film which provide delivery of active ingredient to the body tissue. The formulation was optimized by mixture design (design expert software, version 11.03) with glycerin, gelatin, water as the factors and spreadability, elasticity, drying time, and tensile strength as the responses. Calotropis gigantea having significant anti-inflammatory potential and its ethanolic extract was incorporated into the optimized formula of glycerogelatin in situ film. The optimized formula contained 1.5 % of drug extract and showed a drug release of 79 % at 8th hour, and 96 % in 24 hour time period.
13 illus, 6 tables, 24 ref
KSHIRSAGAR P R, PAWAR N V, PATIL S P, NIMBALKAR M S, PAI S R
030407 KSHIRSAGAR P R, PAWAR N V, PATIL S P, NIMBALKAR M S, PAI S R (Amity Univ, Mumbai - 410 206, Email: drpaisr@gmail.com) : Quantification of zerumbone in eleven accessions of Curcuma longa using RP-HPLC. Indian J Pharm Sci 2018, 80(6), 1159-65.
Zerumbone has gained attention in cancer research due to its tumor suppressor potency. Present study aimed to investigate zerumbone content from eleven cultivars of Curcuma longa by reversed-phase highpressure liquid chromatographic analysis. The fresh and dry samples were subjected for the reversedphase high-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of zerumbone including validation studies. Fresh samples revealed zerumbone content ranged from 0.383-2.179 mg/g while dry samples ranged from 3.209- 8.333 mg/g. Dry samples reflected high zerumbone content compared to fresh samples. Among the different cultivars accessed Selam showed highest content of zerumbone on fresh weight basis while, Alleppey on dry weight basis. This study provided comprehensive information on zerumbone content in members of family Zingiberaceae and also quantified it in eleven Curcuma longa cultivars from India.
3 illus, 1 table, 35 ref
ASHWINI A M, GOWDA S V, MAJUMDAR M
030359 ASHWINI A M, GOWDA S V, MAJUMDAR M (Biotechnology Dep, Jain Univ, Bengaluru - 560 011, Email: mala.majumdar@jainuniversity.ac.in) : In vivo antiinflammatory activity of Exacum bicolor Roxb. leaves. Indian J Pharm Sci 2018, 80(6), 1155-9.
Leaves of Exacum bicolor are traditionally used as a remedy for the treatment of inflammatory disorders in the form of a tonic by the tribal community of Western Ghats of Karnataka. The present study was designed to evaluate the antiinflammatory activity of the methanol extract of Exacum bicolor leaf using the carrageenan-induced mice paw oedema model. The methanol extract which was shown earlier to possess in vitro antiinflammatory activity was further screened for in vivo antiinflammatory activity at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg. Diclofenac sodium 10 mg/kg was used as the reference standard. The plant extract showed significant dose-dependent reduction in paw oedema when compared to the control at all the time intervals, which was also comparable to that produced by diclofenac. Histopathological analysis revealed clear and distinguished cellular damage for all the groups. The results of the current study showed that the methanol extract of the leaf of Exacum bicolor possessed significant antiinflammatory potential, which provided supporting evidence to the folklore use of the plant leaves as an antiinflammatory drug.
3 illus, 22 ref
AMAMRA S, CHAREF N, ARRAR L, BELHADDAD O, KHENNOUF S, ZAIM K, BAGHIANI A
030356 AMAMRA S, CHAREF N, ARRAR L, BELHADDAD O, KHENNOUF S, ZAIM K, BAGHIANI A (Ferhat Abbas Setif Univ, Setif, Algeria, Email: lekharrar@hotmail.com) : Phenolic content, antioxidant and antibacterial effects of fruit extracts of Algerian ash, Fraxinus excelsior. Indian J Pharm Sci 2018, 80(6), 1021-8.
This study involved investigation of the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Algerian Fraxinus excelsior extracts. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using spectrophotometric and electrochemical techniques. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, polyphenols, flavonoids, sterols/triterpenes, and coumarins. The total polyphenol contents in the extracts were in the order of ethyl acetate>methanol>butanol>chloroform>aqueous>petroleum ether, while flavonoid contents were in the order of, ethyl acetate>chloroform>methanol>butanol>aqueous>petroleum ether. In the 2,2’-diphenyl1-picrylhydrazyl test, ethyl acetate extract exhibited maximum activity followed by chloroform extract, methanol extract, butanol extract, aqueous extract and petroleum ether extract. β-Carotene-linoleate and metal chelation tests showed closely the same order, ethyl acetate, chloroform, methanol, butanol, aqueous and petroleum ether extracts. Antioxidant activity measured using cyclic voltammetry method demonstrated activity in the order of ethyl acetate, chloroform, methanol, butanol and aqueous while petroleum ether extract did not show any activity. Results also demonstrated that some extracts possessed antibacterial activity. In conclusion, Fraxinus excelsior extracts contain active compounds, which have antioxidant and antibacterial effects and could be useful in the treatment of pathologies where these activities are needed.
7 illus, 4 tables, 23 ref
KAUR R, SHRI R
030402 KAUR R, SHRI R (Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research Dep, Punjabi Univ, Patiala-147 002, Email: rshri587@hotmail.com) : Role of the genus Cinnamomum in the management of neurodegenerative diseases: Outcomes and shortcomings. Indian J Pharm Sci 2018, 80(6), 984-95.
The genus Cinnamomum (family Lauraceae) is revered for the pleasant essential oils isolated from various species. Cinnamomum species are extensively employed all around the world not only as a spice but also in traditional and modern systems of medicine. These possess wide range of activities that included neuroprotective properties. Neurodegenerative disorders cause immense mortality and morbidity. Hence search for newer therapeutic targets for the management of such disorders has made herbals an important area for research. The present paper integrates and critically examines the scientific evidence on the role of Cinnamomum species in neuroprotection in in vitro and in vivo models of different neurodegenerative disorders. Literature was reviewed extensively by searching databases such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Scopus to compile scientific data from 2003 to 2015, on the role of different species of Cinnamomum in various neurodegenerative disorders. Plants/phytoconstituents have demonstrated effects crucial for the management of neurodegenerative disorders. Various extracts, volatile oil and phytoconstituents isolated from Cinnamomum species diminished selective pathological and histological hallmarks in different neurodegenerative disorders such as inhibition of oxidative stress, neuroinflammatory mediators, and ischemic injury. This review summarized different research studies with Cinnamomum species to throw light on the promise held by these species as well as prospects for new drug development to manage neuronal damage. This genus appears to be a valuable source for developing new neuroprotective agents.
2 illus, 3 tables, 100 ref
SHAKERI F, KHAZEI M, BOSKBADY M H
030474 SHAKERI F, KHAZEI M, BOSKBADY M H (Physiology Dep, Mashhad Univ of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Email: boskabadymh@mums.ac.ir) : Cardiovascular effects of Nigella sativa L. and its constituents. Indian J Pharm Sci 2018, 80(6), 971-83.
Various pharmacological effects of Nigella sativa L. have been reported that include, antioxidant, antibacterial, antihistaminic, antihypertensive, hypoglycemic, antifungal, antiinflammatory, anticancer, and immunomodulatory. It has also been reported to produce beneficial effects in cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, reproductive and respiratory disorders. The effects of Nigella sativa had been attributed to constituents such as nigellicine, nigellidine, thymoquinone, dithymoquinone, thymol and carvacrol. In this article the cardiovascular effects of Nigella sativa and its constituents were reviewed. Published data was gathered through search engines and the findings were classified into animal and human studies. The effects of Nigella sativa and its constituents on cardiotoxicity, blood pressure, vascular smooth muscle, endothelial dysfunction, heart rate, cardiac contractility, lipid profile, platelet aggregation and atherosclerosis were reviewed. This review indicated that Nigella sativa and thymoquinone exhibited beneficial cardiovascular effects on cardiotoxicity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and atherosclerosis. These effects were probably due to the antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties of Nigella sativa. Nigella sativa and its constituents could be of therapeutic value in cardiovascular diseases.
1 illus, 5 tables, 110 ref
NGOZI E I, MOSES I N, UKAMAKA M N, OKECHUKWU E C
030437 NGOZI E I, MOSES I N, UKAMAKA M N, OKECHUKWU E C (Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology Dep, Nnamdi Azikiwe Univ, Awka, Nigeria) : The antimicrobial screening and preservative efficacy of essential oils from the dried fruits of Piper guineense and Xylopia aethiopica in contaminated herbal preparation. J Med Plants Stud 2018, 6(6), 254-64.
Piper guineense and Xylopia aethiopica are medicinal plants traditionally used as spices and seasoning in Nigerian food. Antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from Piper guineense and Xylopia aethiopica were evaluated using Agar well diffusion method. Ampicillin trihydrate and Clotrimazole were used as a positive control for the test bacteria and fungi respectively, and 1 % v/v DMSO was also employed as a negative control for all the test microorganisms. The MIC, MBC and MFC of the essential oils were also evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, Aspergillus niger, and Candida albicans using agar dilution method. The combined antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from Piper guineense and Xylopia aethiopica were determined using checker board technique. The preservative efficacy of the essential oils were evaluated at 1 %, 3 %, 5 %, by combining the essential oil at each of this concentration in a continuous variation method. The combined ratios of each concentration were introduced into five different contaminated herbal samples respectively. Methyl- and propyl- paraben (2:1), and Sodium benzoate were respectively used as control preservative at 1 %, 3 %, 5 %. Result of the antimicrobial screening test shows that essential oil from Piper guineense were effective against all the test microorganisms, while the essential oil from Xylopia aethiopica was not effective against E. coli and K. pneumonia. The combined antimicrobial effect of the Essential oil (EO’s) against test microorganisms were synergistic in most of the combined ratios used. The preservative effect of the EO’s reveals that their actions were concentration dependent, with the highest concentration of 5 % being the most efficient. M-and pparaben and Sodium benzoate were not as effective as they should with the contaminated herbal product at all the concentrations except with the enumeration of E. coli and Enterobacter sakazakii where they are excellently efficient as a preservative. Herbal medicines, if unpreserved, readily become contaminated with microorganisms leading to spoilage. Therefore, the combination of these two essential oils from the dried fruits of P. guineense and X. aethiopica may have a potential for further study as an alternative in the preservation of herbal preparations.
8 illus, 10 tables, 29 ref
SOURAV D S, JANNAT K, RAHMATULLAH M
030483 SOURAV D S, JANNAT K, RAHMATULLAH M (Pharmacy Dep, Development Alternative Univ, Dhaka, Bangladesh) : Some phyto-home remedies used in Kaoraid village of Gazipur district, Bangladesh. J Med Plants Stud 2018, 6(6), 250-3.
A number of phyto-remedies are used as home remedies by the people of Bangladesh. It is not certain how such home remedies came into existence, but possibly trials and error in households led to establishment of a particular remedy. This would explain why home remedies vary quite widely from area to area in Bangladesh. As home remedies by themselves can be good primary sources for further scientific studies, it is of interest to document such remedies towards further scientific research. The present study documents the use of 21 plants distributed into 16 families in the village of Kaoraid in Gazipur district of Bangladesh. The plants were used to treat various common and relatively simple ailments like respiratory tract disorders, tooth infections, gastrointestinal disorders, pain, fever, skin disorders, and hoarseness of voice. Of more interest are the home remedies that were used for treatment of epilepsy, kidney stones, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and liver disorders. It is also to be noted that most of the plants had multiple uses indicating that the common people had a fairly good knowledge of the therapeutic properties of plants. Taken together, the plants add to the growing repertoire of documented home remedies of Bangladesh.
1 table, 34 ref
ODEWO S A, ADEYEMO A, AYODELE A E
030442 ODEWO S A, ADEYEMO A, AYODELE A E (Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Nigeria) : Foliar epidermal studies of the genus Crotalaria in Nigeria. J Med Plants Stud 2018, 6(6), 245-9.
Foliar epidermal studies of the genus Crotalaria in Nigeria were conducted in Forestry Research Institute of Nigera and Botany Department in University of Ibadan. Eight species of the genus Crotalaria namely; Crotalaria retusa, C. bongensis, C. ononoidea, C. lachnosema, C. comosa, C. naragutensis, C. goreensis and C. mucronata were studied on the basis of micro morphological features of the leaf and pollen with a view to obtaining reliable taxonomic characters for easy identification and delimitation of the species even when they are in fragmentary conditions. Methods follow conventional practice as reported by previous authors of related studies. The mean stomata length in abaxial surfaces of the species studied ranged from 1.2 µm in C. bongensis to 25.3 µm in C. ononoidea while in adaxial surfaces, the mean stomata length range from 1.1 µm in C. bongensis to 20.5 µm in C. ononoidea. The distribution of stomata in C. lachnosema and C. comosa was hypostomatic and amphistomatic respectively delimit the species from others. Anisocytic stomata type was prominent in the studied taxa and this characterized the species in the genus. Additional stomatal type such as Anomotetracytic was also observed in C. lachnosema, C. comosa, and C. naragutensis. The shape of epidermal cells in C. retusa, C. naragutensis and C. goreensis were polygonal on both surfaces while it was irregular in other species (C. comosa, C. lachnosema, C. mucronata, C. ononoidea. and C. bongensis). Anticlinal walls were straight to curved in all species of the studied except in C. ononoidea (Undulate). Trichome observed were simple, unicellular and unbranched on the abaxial surfaces while on adaxial surfaces, trichomes were absent. Pollen grains were tricolporate in the species studied.
4 tables, 17 ref
NONGTHOMBAM I, DAS P, DEVI J
030440 NONGTHOMBAM I, DAS P, DEVI J (Horticultural Research Station Assam Agricultural Univ, Guwahati, Assam) : Evaluation of antioxidant activity of Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus Nees: A medicinal plant. J Med Plants Stud 2018, 6(6), 242-4.
The ethnobotanical and pharmacological evaluations of plant based chemicals have shown rapid strides in the last few decades. The present study was carried out to investigate the anti oxidant potential of methanolic extracts of flowers and leaves of Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus by DPPH assay. Edible plant parts viz., fresh young and matured leaf, fresh flower, dry flower and dry matured leaf showed antioxidant activity and there was significant difference in the IC50 values of the plant parts studied. The highest IC50 was observed in fresh young leaf (57.20 ± 0.96 mg) indicating the lowest antioxidant activity in fresh young leaf and the lowest IC50 was observed in dry matured leaf (7.86 ± 0.35 mg) indicating the highest antioxidant activity in dry matured leaf. Dried flower sample had higher antioxidant activity than fresh sample of flower. The results suggest that Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus is a natural source of antioxidants.
1 table, 15 ref
RAHMATULLAH R N, JANNAT K, RAHMAN T, JAHAN R, RAHMATULLAH M
030454 RAHMATULLAH R N, JANNAT K, RAHMAN T, JAHAN R, RAHMATULLAH M (Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering Dep, Development Alternative Univ, Dhaka, Bangladesh) : Barleria lupulina: A medicinal plant of Bangladesh: A review. J Med Plants Stud 2018, 6(6), 231-4.
Barleria lupulina Lind L. is a medicinal plant belonging to the Acanthaceae family found in Bangladesh in the wild and on fallow lands. Various folk medicinal uses of the plant include being used as tonic, and for treatment of dermatitis, sexual disorder, cough, fever, body ache, eczema, itches, and scabies. The plant contains a number of iridoid glucosides of possible therapeutic importance. Pharmacological studies indicate that the plant has anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti-viral, immunomodulatory, diabetic wound healing, anti-inflammatory, anti-amebic, anti-ulcer, and neuropharmacological properties. The presence of bioactive principles combined with the traditional uses and reported pharmacological properties of the plant indicate that the plant can be considered an important source for lead compounds and new drugs.
1 illus, 1 table, 25 ref
JABIULLAH S I, BATTINENI J K, BAKSHI V, BOGGULA N
030395 JABIULLAH S I, BATTINENI J K, BAKSHI V, BOGGULA N (Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dep, Anurag Group of Institutions, Ghatkesar, Telangana) : Tinospora cordifolia: A medicinal plant: A review. J Med Plants Stud 2018, 6(6), 226-30.
Natural products with medicinal value are gradually gaining importance in clinical research due to their well-known property of no side effects as compared to drugs. Plants have been one of the important sources of medicines since the beginning of human civilization. There is a growing demand for plant based medicines, health products, pharmaceuticals, food supplements, cosmetics etc. A review of chemical constituents present in various parts of Tinospora cordifolia and their pharmacological actions is given in the present article. Tinospora cordifolia commonly named as “Guduchi” is known for its immense application in the treatment of various diseases in the traditional ayurvedic literature. Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) is a popular medicinal plant spread across the tropics. Its effectiveness in therapy is well known globally. Lesser known are its dietary benefits. Guduchi [Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Hook. F. Thoms] is being used in diet by various tribal people of India and it also forms a part of traditional Indian cuisine. Ayurveda also states its dietary utility. Recently the discovery of active components from the plant and their biological function in disease control has led to active interest in the plant across the globe. The future scope of the review remains in exploiting the biochemical and signaling pathways affected by the compounds isolated from Tinospora so as to enable new and effective formulation in disease eradication. This review can be used for further research as well as clinical purpose.
2 illus, 4 tables, 36 ref
SOURAV D S, JANNAT K, KAMAL N, RAHMATULLAH M
030482 SOURAV D S, JANNAT K, KAMAL N, RAHMATULLAH M (Pharmacy Dep, Development Alternative Univ, Dhaka, Bangladesh) : Some home remedies used in Kalindi village of Dhaka district, Bangladesh. J Med Plants Stud 2018, 6(6), 222-5.
Home remedies offer a cheap, quick and efficient mean for treatment of common illnesses, which does not usually necessitate going to a qualified medical practitioner or hospital. At the same time, quite occasionally home remedies are used for treatment of complicated diseases like diabetes or cardiovascular disorders. As such, documentation of home remedies is important for such remedies can provide insights into the therapeutic properties of the items used for treatment. The objective of the present study was to document some home remedies used in Kalindi village in Dhaka district, Bangladesh. Essentially, the information was obtained from one housewife of the village, who was particularly knowledgeable in home remedies. The informant gave treatment information on 12 plants distributed into 9 families. Although all her formulations contained plants, one formulation also used Himalayan rock salt along with plant. The various formulations were used for treatment of fever, helminthiasis, respiratory tract infections, jaundice, ear infections and heart disorders, gastrointestinal tract disorders, bleeding from gums, toothache, and skin disorders. One plant was used as a galactagogue that is to increase milk production in lactating mothers. The plants can form a useful source of information for further scientific studies, especially plants used to treat heart disorders, jaundice, and skin disorders.
1 table, 36 ref
PORCHSELVI C, MUTHULAKSHMI S
030448 PORCHSELVI C, MUTHULAKSHMI S (Botany Dep, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal Coll (Autonomous), Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu) : Pharmacognostic and phytochemical evaluation of Antiaris toxicaria (Pers). Lesch. J Med Plants Stud 2018, 6(6), 217-21.
Antiaris toxicaria (Pers). Lesch. (Moraceae) historically has been used as arrow poison and also for a variety of medicinal purposes. Despite the popular medicinal utilization, still no conclusive study has been reported so far regarding the pharmacognostical standardization. Thus, the present study was focused to scientifically establish a standard monograph of Antiaris toxicaria (Pers). Lesch on the basis of pharmacognostical and phytochemical parameters. The detailed macroscopic and qualitative as well as quantitative microscopic characters and phytochemical characters of Antiaris toxicaria (Pers). Lesch were analysed. The morphological characters of Antiaris toxicaria were established. The transverse section of leaf shows adaxial epidermis has mucillagenous hairs, the palisade is single layered, the cells are wide and columnar. Calcium oxalate crystals are abundant in the ground cells of the petiole. Phytochemical parameters of Antiaris toxicaria (Pers). Lesch showed loss on drying 7.01 % and total ash 4.97 %. The present study provided useful information about its correct identity and evaluation. It helps to diagnose drugs from the plant.
3 illus, 3 tables, 58 ref
CALISKAN O, KURT D, KORKMAZ H
030371 CALISKAN O, KURT D, KORKMAZ H (OndokuzMayis Univ, Samsun, Turkey) : Studies on Samsun Sahlep orchid varieties. J Med Plants Stud 2018, 6(6), 171-4.
With the different climates and geography, Turkey had a quite rich in flora in different regions. Samsun province with different climate patterns has also very rich flora. Within this great diversity, the Orchidaceae family has a distinct place. Orchidaceae family has the richest diversity among medicinal and aromatic plant species. Previous studies revealed the existence of 44 orchid taxa in the province. It was observed that about 1/3 of orchids were able to produce salep. Depending on species, it was estimated that annually 25-30 tons salep tubers were collected illegally in Samsun. Such illicit collections result in serious destruction of natural flora. The species that produce tubers and used to obtain salep have not been studied in Samsun. In this study, site visits were made in Samsun province with salep collectors and purchasers and the types of salep collected for tuber were determined. Various measures to be taken in order to reduce the collection pressure have been emphasized.
1 table, 16 ref
NJOYA H K, ONYENEKE C E, OKWUONU C U, ERIFETA G O
030439 NJOYA H K, ONYENEKE C E, OKWUONU C U, ERIFETA G O (Biochemistry Dep, Igbinedion Univ Okada, Nigeria) : Phytochemical, proximate and elemental analysis of the African mistletoe (Tapinanthus preussii) crude aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts. J Med Plants Stud 2018, 6(6), 162-70.
In ethnotherapy, the African mistletoe (Tapinanthus preussii) is implicated as being medicinal, without any scientific validation. Consequently, to ascertain this claim, this study was designed to investigate its phytoconstituents. The phytochemical analysis revealed that varied significant concentrations of alkaloids, carotenoids, flavonoids, anthraquinones, tannins, steroids, antioxidants and saponins were present in both the aqueous and ethanolic extracts; however terpenoids, phlobatannins, phenolics and cardiac glycosides were in trace concentrations. In the proximate analysis, moisture and protein content was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the aqueous extract compared to the ethanolic extract, carbohydrate and lipid contents were significantly higher in the ethanolic extract while trace amounts of the ash content was present in the aqueous extract. The essential minerals Fe2+, Ca2+, K+ , Na+ , Mg2+ and PO42- were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the aqueous extract relative to the ethanolic extract. These findings, strongly suggest that Tapinanthus preussii leaves are relevant both nutritionally and medicinally.
4 tables, 83 ref
CALISKAN O, KURT D
030370 CALISKAN O, KURT D (Ondokuz Mayis Univ, Samsun, Turkey) : Flower yields of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) plants as effected by flowering durations and number of harvests. J Med Plants Stud 2018, 6(6), 159-61.
Pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) is a medicinal plant used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries since ancient times. Today, as well as folk medicine, active ingredients are widely used medicines and pharmaceuticals. Flowers are quite rich in various active ingredients. Flowering durations of pot marigold is greatly influenced by available climate conditions. In this study, fresh and dry flower yields were investigated under ecological conditions of Samsun province. It was observed that flowering continued for about 4 months from the beginning of July until the end of October. A total of 24 harvests were performed throughput the vegetation period. Flower yields increased from the first harvest till the 10th harvest and then a decrease was observed in flower yields through the end of vegetation. The total fresh flower yield was calculated as 328.6 kg/da and dry flower yield was calculated as 56.68 kg/da. The average number of flowers per plant was calculated as 49.11.
2 illus, 1 table, 15 ref
MENDALI J N, BEHERA K M
030428 MENDALI J N, BEHERA K M (Botany Dep, Fashimal Anchalik Coll, Sambalpur, Odisha) : Taxonomical study and documentation of some medicinal plants of Fabaceae in Sambalpur Sadar range of Sambalpur South Forest Division (Odisha). J Med Plants Stud 2018, 6(6), 155-8.
Taxonomical study and documentation of medicinal plants was carried out during 2011-2016 in Sambalpur Sadar range of Sambalpur South Forest Division, Sambalpur, Odisha. The study was undertaken in the locality due to diversified topography along with tropical moist deciduous type of forest in some places providing the most congenial condition for the luxuriant growth of plant species. The collected plant species were studied and recorded thoroughly with taxonomic characters including habit, habitat, stem, leaf, inflorescence and description of flower parts. Besides medicinal uses of the plants species were gathered from different sections of people. The study was confined to 22 medicinally important plant species of fabaceae family. The plants are arranged alphabetically according to their correct botanical names followed by brief description of the plant along with flowering and fruiting time, local name, locality and voucher number, plant parts used, dosages and mode of administration.
3 illus, 14 ref
AKTER F, RAHMATULLAH M
030354 AKTER F, RAHMATULLAH M (Pharmacy Dep, Development Alternative Univ, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh) : Antinociceptive activity evaluation of leaves of Malva verticillata L. J Med Plants Stud 2018, 6(6), 152-4.
In acetic acid-induced writhing tests in mice, methanol extract of leaves of Malva verticillata (MEMV) dose-dependently and significantly reduced the number of writhings induced by intraperitoneal administration of acetic acid. At doses of 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg per kg body weight MEMV reduced the number of writhings by 24.1, 27.6, 34.5, and 41.4 %, respectively. By comparison, a standard antinociceptive drug aspirin reduced the number of writhings by 24.1 and 51.7 % respectively, when administered at doses of 200 and 400 mg per kg body weight. The results suggest that MEMV possess considerable antinociceptive activity and can possibly be used as substitute for aspirin. Preliminary phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids and flavonoids in MEMV, which classes of compounds may be responsible for the observed antinociceptive effects.
1 table, 21 ref
DEVI J, DAS R
030376 DEVI J, DAS R (Assam Agricultural Univ, Jorhat, Assam) : Pipli cultivation: A potential income generating option. J Med Plants Stud 2018, 6(6), 149-51.
The world has depended on the properties of plant as a source of healing ever since man began caring for his health. The increasing realization of the health hazards and toxicity associated with use of synthetic drugs has renewed the interest in plant-based drugs. Piper longum, a perennial climber is a valuable source of active substances of medicinal value and spice. The principal pharmacological constituents are piperine and piplartine. Its root, stem and leaves are used in the treatment of diseases of respiratory tract like bronchitis, asthma and cough. It is a shade loving plant often grown as intercrop with coffee, coconut and areca nut. It is cultivated through planting material such as suckers, stem cuttings and rooted vine cuttings. Many companies export a large quantity of dried/powdered fruits and roots of Piper longum to Europe, USA, Australia, Canada and South East countries.
2 ref
JOSHI B, PANDYA D, MANKAD A
030398 JOSHI B, PANDYA D, MANKAD A (Botany Dep, Gujarat Univ, Ahmedabad, Gujarat) : Comparative study of phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of Curcuma longa (L.) and Curcuma aromatica (Salib.). J Med Plants Stud 2018, 6(6), 145-8.
Curcuma longa (L.) and Curcuma aromatica (Salib.) are medicinal plants belongs to family Zingiberaceae family. Curcuma aromatica (Salib.) and Curcuma longa (L.) are rich in phtyochemicals. They show the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and terpenoids. Due to presence of these phytochemicals Curcuma longa (L.) and Curcuma aromatica (Salib.) shows antibacterial activity. The ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Curcuma longa (L.) and Curcuma aromatica (Salib.) were subjected to microbial susceptibility test using the agar well diffusion against Escherichia coli. Methanolic extract of Curcuma aromatica (Salib.) shows inhibition zone of 7.5 mm at highest concentration of 20 mg.
4 illus, 1 table, 11 ref
PUROHIT S
030452 PUROHIT S (Botany Dep, The IIS Univ, Jaipur, Rajasthan) : Increased morphogenetic competence in Cuminum cyminum L. mediated through micronutrient manipulation. J Med Plants Stud 2018, 6(6), 141-4.
Cumin is an important medicinal, aromatic and a spice plant. It is one of the earliest known minor spices used by mankind. It is an annual herb belonging to family Apiaceae. India is the largest producer, consumer and exporter of cumin where it is extensively cultivated in Rajasthan and Gujarat as a rabi crop. It is highly susceptible to Fusarium wilt, which causes considerable damage to the crop. Disease resistant cumin varieties could be developed using genetic transformation techniques, for which an efficient plant regeneration protocol is a pre- requisite. To develop an efficient and improved protocol for regeneration of cumin through micropropagation the effect of sodium molybdate (Na2MoO4) on shoot morphohgenesis from cotyledonary node explants was investigated. The explants were inoculated on MS medium supplemented with Kn (0.5mg/l), this medium was termed as ‘Induction Medium’ as supported the induction of shoot buds from cotyledonary node explants. These shoot buds were sub cultured on MS medium with same level of kinetin (0.5 mg/l) for their further multiplication, hence this medium was termed as ‘Proliferation Medium’. The Induction and Proliferation Medium were supplemented with different levels of Na2MoO4 (0, 1.03*, 5.15, 10.3, 20.6, 51.5 μM). Sodium molybdate improved shoot morphogenesis in Cuminum cyminum. Maximum differentiation of shoot buds was observed when Na2MoO4 level was raised to 20.6 μM in the induction medium and reduced to 1.03 μM in the proliferation medium.
1 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref
SAHANA B K, PRIYANKA G S, KAVYA S H, SHWETHA R, VINAYAKA K S, KEKUDA T R P
030464 SAHANA B K, PRIYANKA G S, KAVYA S H, SHWETHA R, VINAYAKA K S, KEKUDA T R P (Microbiology Dep, SRNMN Coll of Applied Sciences, Shivamogga, Karnataka) : Antifungal activity of some botanical extracts against seed-borne Penicillium species. J Med Plants Stud 2018, 6(6), 91-4.
Seed-borne fungi adversely affect seed germination and seedling vigor and results in economic loss to farmers. In the present study, we screened the antifungal efficacy of 18 extracts from 12 plants against a Penicillium species. Isolation of Penicillium species from maize seeds was carried out by standard blotter method. Extraction of selected plants was carried out by maceration technique and antifungal activity was evaluated by poisoned food technique. The fungus exhibited varied susceptibility to extracts of selected plants. Out of 18 extracts, 15 extracts caused 50 % and higher inhibition of test fungus. Among the selected plants, Lophopetalum wightianum and Argyreia cuneata showed marked antifungal activity. Highest and least antifungal activity was shown by leaf extract of L. wightianum (89.39 %) and leaf extract of C. speciosus and fruit extract of S. zeylanica (36.39 %), respectively.
1 illus, 2 tables, 34 ref
SINGH V, PAHUJA C, ALI M, SULTANA S
030479 SINGH V, PAHUJA C, ALI M, SULTANA S (School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi) : Analysis and bioactivities of essential oil of the flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. et LM Perry. J Med Plants Stud 2018, 6(6), 79-83.
Syzygium aromaticum L. (Myrtaceae), known as clove, is an aromatic dried flower bud grown in India and other tropical countries. It is aromatic, analgesic, antiseptic, spasmodic and stimulant and used to relieve cough, indigestion, toothache, arthritis, rheumatism and to manufacture perfumes, soaps and toothpastes. This research is principally focused on evaluating the effect of the flower bud on some acnegenic pathogens and anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. The GC-MS analysis of the clove bud essential oil showed the presence of eugenol (55.6 %) as a major volatile constituents followed by eugenol acetate (12.5 %), chavicol (6.5 %), methyl acetate (5.9 %), β-caryophyllene (5.2 %) and αcaryophyllene (4.9 %). The essential oil (1 %, v/v) exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acne (17.8 mm) and Staphylococcus epidermis (16.8 mm) using Clindamycin as a standard. The essential oil showed an excellent scavenging activity against DPPH radical relative to Vitamin C (standard) at P< 0.05. Dose dependent anti-inflammatory response was observed with increasing concentration of the clove bud oil. However, the essential oil (1 %, v/v) exhibited significant effect comparable results to that of Diclofenac taken as reference standard. These observations justify the use of clove for the treatment of acne and pimples due to its marked antimicrobial, anti-oxidant and antiinflammatory activities.
1 illus, 4 tables, 38 ref
LINN K Z, MYINT P P
030421 LINN K Z, MYINT P P (Chemistry Dep, Yangon Univ, Kamayut, Myanmar) : Estimation of nutritive value, total phenolic content and in vitro antioxidant activity of Manihot esculenta Crantz. (Cassava) leaf. J Med Plants Stud 2018, 6(6), 73-8.
In this research, Manihot esculenta Crantz. (Cassava) sample was collected from Kyon- pyaw Township, Ayeyarwady Region, Myanmar. It has been identified at Botany Department, Hinthada University. In order to find out the types of organic constituents present in the samples, preliminary phytochemical investigation was carried out by test tube and TLC screening methods. The nutritional values such as protein, fiber, fat and carbohydrates were also determined by AOAC method. The total phenolic content of different extracts was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method. In vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Preliminary phytochemical tests have revealed that the presence of alkaloids, α-amino acid, carbohydrates, glycosides, tannins, phenolic compounds, cyanogenic glycosides, saponins, starch, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and reducing sugar in the sample. Proximate composition of Cassava leaf has been found as 10.70 % of moisture, 3.19 % of crude fat, 29.28 % of protein, 16.25 % of dietary fiber, 33.71 % of carbohydrate, 6.87 % ash and 279 kcal /100 g based on dry sample. The higher extractable total phenolic was recorded in 70 % ethanol extract (748.22 μg GAE/mg) followed by aqueous extract (446.22 μg GAE/mg) for the leaf sample. Both 70 % ethanol and aqueous extracts showed significant DPPH radical scavenging activity. Ethanol extract of (IC50 = 17.69 μg/mL) leaf showed higher level of free radical scavenging activity and found to be the lower in aqueous extract of leaf (IC50 = 42.64 μg/mL). From these results, it can be inferred that this leaf possesses nutrients and antioxidant properties and has nutraceuticals potential for the treatment of malnutrition.
3 illus, 4 tables, 16 ref
BHARDWAJ R
030366 BHARDWAJ R (Botany Dep, Rajasthan Univ, Jaipur, Rajasthan) : GC-MS analysis and antimicrobial activity of alkaloids of Tecomella undulata. J Med Plants Stud 2018, 6(6), 68-72.
Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem is a monotypic genus belonging to family Bignoniaceae. The plant holds tremendous potential of medicinal value and has been traditionally used in various ailments like syphilis, leukoderma, blood disorders to name a few. The plant has gained prominence due to presence of some prominent secondary metabolites. The present study focuses on the GC-MS analysis of extracts of all the plant parts of T. undulata which revealed the presence of certain bioactive compounds like stigmasterol, sitosterol, thiazoline, phytol, pthalic acid, methyl alpha ketopalmitate and so forth. A total of about 20 bioactive compounds were identified. Antimicrobial activity of the extracts was assayed against pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The alkaloids from leaf extracts showed antimicrobial activity against E. coli and B. subtilis. The study thus infers that the presence of bioactive components may be the principle behind the antimicrobial property of different plant parts and therefore Tecomella forms a potential plant for herbal drug formulation.
5 tables, 10 ref
MAHALAKSHMI G, PORCHSELVI C, LINGAKUMAR K
030423 MAHALAKSHMI G, PORCHSELVI C, LINGAKUMAR K (Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal Coll, Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu) : Preliminary phytochemical screening of Nyctanthus arbor tris-tis (Linn.). J Med Plants Stud 2018, 6(6), 61-3.
Phytochemicals are present in different parts of plants which are utilized as important components of living organism. In the present study the leaves of the plants were separated and shade dried at room temperature till constant weight was obtained and were ground to powder manually. After the Nyctanthus arbor tris-tis leaf powder prepared from water and water with 1 % formic acid. The starch, glucose, protein and flavonoids are analysis in fresh leaves of Nyctanthus arbor tris-tis. Qualitative studies of secondary metabolites like alkaloids, steroids, carbohydrates, phenolic compound, gum, resin, saponins and glycosides were studied in the leaf extract of water and water with 1 % formic acid. Result of this study soluble protein, starch, glucose and flavonoids will be present in Nyctanthus arbor tris-tis leaf powder. Likewise the screening of phytochemical components such as alkaloids, steroids, carbohydrates, phenolic compound, saponins and glycosides are present in Nyctanthus arbor tris-tis extracts of water and water with 1% formic acid but gum and resin are absence of Nyctanthus arbor tris-tis plant leaf extract of water with 1% formic acid. Finally, it can be concluded that Nyctanthus arbor tris-tis is a viable phytochemical source and the further research can be conducted on this plant to explore its hidden potential.
1 illus, 1 table, 11 ref
FIROMSA W, TAMIRAT A, TEKLE B, TESFAYE B, SHAFI H, SURESH A
030383 FIROMSA W, TAMIRAT A, TEKLE B, TESFAYE B, SHAFI H, SURESH A (Biotechnology Dep, Addis Ababa Science and Technology Univ, Addis Ababa-16417, Ethiopia) : Bactericidal action of Croton macrostachyus leaf extract against common human pathogenic bacteria. J Med Plants Stud 2018, 6(6), 33-6.
Bacterial ailment remains a serious health problem due to its development of resistance to available antibiotics and created the need for replacement. In Ethiopia, the plant Croton macrostachyus are used as a traditional medicine for infectious diseases, but reports on its possible bactericidal activity is deficient, therefore the present study aimed at evaluating the in vitro antibacterial activity of different extracts of C. macrostachyus leaves against six human pathogens of Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumonia and Neisseria meningitides. The methanol extract was the best in terms of zone of inhibition as exhibited maximum of 12.3 mm diameter followed by chloroform (9.6 mm) and ethanol (7 mm) and clearly indicated that unique bactericidal activity. However, its efficacy will be evaluated in future. The present results give scientific evidence and support the traditional use of C. macrostachyus as a source for antibacterials eventually for unearthing new drugs.
2 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref
ODEWO S A, ADEYEMO A
030441 ODEWO S A, ADEYEMO A (Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Jericho Hill Ibadan, Nigeria) : Ethnobotany of forest plants used in traditional treatment of benorrhoea in Orile-Owu Osun state, Nigeria. J Med Plants Stud 2018, 6(6), 25-9.
Benorrhoea disease is becoming a very serious problem among women that if proper treatment is not done to it, will eventually instigate infertility problem. In recent times, due to the economic recession, a lot of fake and adulterated drugs have been full our markets. Consequently, a large number of populace is being forced to accept the traditional Medicare. In this study, survey of medicinal plants for curing benorrhoea disease was conducted in Orile- Owu community, Osun State, Nigeria. Information about the disease and respective medicinal plants for curing them were gathered through the use of questionnaires (Oral interpretation) which were administered to experienced farmers, hunters and Herbalists were done. To confirm the efficacy and strength of these plants, phytochemical screening was conducted. However, 20 medicinal plants were identified for curing benorrhoea disease in which 17 species belong to different families (Pedaliaceae, Tiliaceae, Steculiaceae, Sapindaceae, Combretaceae, Asteraceae, Amaryllidaceae, Annonaceae, Meliaceae, Sapotaceae, Liliaceae, Hypoxidaceae, Santalaceae, Euphorbiaceae among others) while the remaining 3 species (Garcina kola, Cola nitida and Waltheria indica) belong to Steculiaceae family. The part of the plant used was leaves usually prepared in liquid form. It was observed that crude protein, moisture content, crude fibre, Ash and carbohydrate range from 14.57 % to 29.37 %; 14.40 % to 58.09 %, 4.54 % to 29.05 %, 6.65 % to 22.08 % and 2.04% to 43.60 % respectively. This confirmed the high level of nutrients in the plants.
2 tables, 21 ref
RAMJAN M, ANSARI M T
030458 RAMJAN M, ANSARI M T (Central Agricultural Univ, Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh) : Factors affecting of fruits, vegetables and its quality. J Med Plants Stud 2018, 6(6), 16-8.
Fruits and vegetables are very important food commodities not only in India but all over the world. Fresh fruits and vegetables are perishable and highly prone to these losses because they are composed of living tissues. These tissues must be kept alive and health throughout the process of marketing. These are composed of thousands of living cells which require care and maintenance. There are many factors involved in selecting in fruits and vegetables varieties for processing. Although high visual quality is desirable for most processing methods, the composition of fruit in relation to flavors, texture, color and nutritional value is of paramount importance. In addition, these quality should be impaired as little as possible during the specified process, e.g., some vegetable cannot dehydrated or frozen because of their chemical composition or physical structure. Some kind have a bitter taste when dried, others loose color and flavor.
2 tables, 3 ref
ADENIJI K A, ARIWAODO J O, OSIYEMI O A, UGBOGU O A
030351 ADENIJI K A, ARIWAODO J O, OSIYEMI O A, UGBOGU O A (Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Nigeria) : A survey of stem bark used in traditional health care practices in some popular herbal markets in Osun state, Nigeria. J Med Plants Stud 2018, 6(6), 8-12.
This study was conducted to determine the ethno-medicinal importance of stem barks used in traditional health care practices in Osun State, Southwest Nigeria. Market survey was carried out at Oja Oba at Osogbo, Oja-Oba at Ikirun, Oja Obada at Otan-Ayegbaju, and Oja Orisunmi- bare at Inisa in Osun state. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data on local uses, recipe, preparation, local names along with uses for different ailments. Data were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics. The market survey revealed the stem bark of forty plant species belonging to twenty two families were being used for therapeutic purposes in the study area. The common ailments are fever, cough, skin disease, asthma, dysentery and piles. The most frequently debarked tree species belong to Meliaceae family which accounted for (17.5 %) closely followed by Fabaceae with (10 %), while Apocynaceae and Anarcadiaceae families accounted for (7.5 %) each. The price per kilogram of these medicinal barks varies between N40. 00 for Uvaria afzelii Scott Elliot and N10.00 for Anthocleista djalonensis A. Chev in the markets surveyed. Strategies for safeguarding our plant resources from the destructive practice of debarking were proposed to checkmate the danger of local extinction of these valuable and renewable plant resources. The role of herbarium for correct identification and authentication of barks is recommended.
3 tables, 14 ref
HEMALATHA K, ABIRAMI P
030391 HEMALATHA K, ABIRAMI P (Botany Dep, Vellalar Coll For Women (Autonomous), Erode, Tamil Nadu) : Physicochemical and preliminary phytochemical analysis of Talinum portulacifolium (Forssk.) Asch. ex Schweinf. leaf. J Med Plants Stud 2018, 6(6), 1-3.
Talinum portulacifolium (Forssk.) Asch. ex Schweinf. is one of the important medicinal plant belonging to the family Portulacaceae. It is used as the common leafy vegetable in many countries. The study plant has many therapeutic values like anti-ulcer genic, ant diabetic, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The present study deals with the physicochemical and preliminary phytochemical analysis of Talinum portulacifolium leaf. Five different solvents like Petroleum ether, Chloroform, Methanol, Ethanol, Aqueous were used to obtain the extract. These extracts were subjected for physicochemical and qualitative phytochemical analysis by using the standard procedures. Physico chemical parameters like moisture content, total ash, water soluble ash and sulphated ash values were calculated. Alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides and phenols are present in the all the extracts. These bioactive compounds obtained from the phytochemical analysis may be the responsible for the pharmaceutical activity.
2 tables, 19 ref
KUMAR D, JAGARWAL P, SHRAMA R A
030409 KUMAR D, JAGARWAL P, SHRAMA R A (Botany Dep, St. Wilfred P.G. Coll, Jaipur - 302 020) : Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of Basella alba Linn. Int J Res Pharm Chem 2018, 8(4), 502-7.
Medicinal plants contain some organic compounds which provide definite physiological action on the human body. The present study was aimed at physico chemical and preliminary phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of Basella alba. The invitro antimicrobial activity of crude chloroform and ethnolic extracts of various plant parts of Basella alba was investigated. The extracts exhibited antimicrobial activities with zones of inhibition ranging from 10 to 40 mm. All the extracts exhibited appreciable activity against all the clinically important bacterial and fungal species clinically investigated. Maximum Inhibition zone (40 mm) was observed in seeds against Streptomyces and minimum in stem (10 mm) against Bacillus. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, alkaloids and flavonoids in the extracts. The antimicrobial activity of the extract was compared with the standard drugs. The ability of the crude extracts of Basella alba plant parts to inhibit the growth of various bacteria and fungi showed its broad spectrum antimicrobial potential, which may be employed in the management of microbial infections. Hence this study offers a base of using Basella species as herbal alternative for the synthesis of antimicrobial agent.
2 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref
KAUR A, THIND S K
030401 KAUR A, THIND S K (Botany Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana-141 001, Email: aparjotranu@gmail.com) : Effect of cytokinins on membrane stability and cell viability of wheat crop under PEG-induced drought condition. J Environ Biol 2018, 39(6), 1041-6.
The present study was carried out to examine the impact of foliar application of cytokinins [Kinetin (Kn) and Benzyl adenine (BA)] on membrane stability and cell viability of wheat seedlings, and their ability to sustain vigour and growth rate under physiological drought stress. Twenty seeds were surface sterilized with 0.1 % HgCl, and sown in each Petrird plate using distilled water. On 3 day, seedlings were shifted to Pertri-plates supplemented with PEG-6000 (-0.4Mpa) solution to induce drought th stress. On 5 day, foliar application of different Kn and BA concentration were given and data was recorded on 7 days after sowing for calculating the membrane thermal stability (MTS), to determine cell viability by Tetrazolium chloride test (TTC), relative growth rate (RGR). For vigour index (VI), seeds were directly sown in PEG supplemented Petri-plates. Germination per cent and epicotyl length were calculated following Kn and BA treatments on same day, except control. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) induced water deficit had significant (p ≤ 0.05) negative effect on both MTS and cell viability of wheat seedlings. There was 27.04 % more reduction of MTS in PBW660 over control. In the experiment, both Kn and BA increased MTS significantly in all the wheat genotypes. Application of Kn @ 40 ppm showed maximum MTS in HD2967 (94.6). With that application per cent increase was recorded more in PBW660 (25.47 %). PEG induced drought reduced cell viability in all genotypes. In contrast, Kn and BA increased the viability of cells significantly (p ≤ 0.05). Among the treatments, Kn @ 40 ppm promoted more physiological effect on all genotypes. PEG induced drought stress reduced maximum RGR in PBW658 by 35.29 %, and VI in PBW660 by 28.62 % as compared to control. Although higher the concentration of cytokinins, more was the positive effect, but Kn @ 40 ppm promoted more effect as compared to other concentrations of Kn and BA on seedling growth. Kn and BA may be used in foliar mode to ameliorate the negative effects of water deficit stress on growth by sustaining membrane integrity and viability of cells of wheat seedlings.
2 illus, 2 tables, 27 ref