003196   Dolatabadi A A;Zarchii S R (Biology Dep, Payame Noor Univ, I.R. Iran) : Effect of prescription of different dexamethasone doses on reproductive system. Biomed Res 2015, 26(4), 656-60.

Dexamethasone is a widely used glucocorticoid which has been prescribed increasingly in recent years. The effects of Dexamethasone on LH, FSH and testosterone levels were investigated in present study. In this experimental work, 40 adult male Wistar rats were assigned into four tenmembered groups. The rats in the control group received saline, while the rats in experimental group were subjected to intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone in 0.4, 0.7, and 1 mg/kg doses daily for period of 10 days. On following day of last injection, the rats were anaesthetized and plasma was drawn from their heart, FSH, LH and testosterone levels were measured and the results were analyzed using SPSS software and Dunnett test. The hormonal test of LH, FSH and testosterone was made using Pars kit and the groups were compared. In this study, no significant change was observed in the targeted hormones up to 0.7mg/kg dose, but significant changes in the concentration of LH, FSH and testosterone were found in higher doses, i.e., 1 mg/kg dose in experimental group compared to the control group (p <60> 0.05). The results of present study indicated that frequent injection of dexamethasone has come up with multiple changes in LH, FSH and testosterone and it has borne harmful effects on the reproductive system of male rats.

3 tables, 22 ref

003195   Chatterjee P K;Anantharaya V N;Singhal A; Chatterjee P;Shiva R K;Mallya R (Physiology Dep, Kasturba Medical College (KMC), Mangalore, Manipal Univ (MU), Karnataka) : Moringa oleifera aqueous leaf extract: role on total leucocyte count and its differentials in cadmium toxicity in adult wistar albino rat model. Natn J Physiol Pharm Pharmac 2016, 6(2), 119-22.

Objective is to examine the effect of M. oleifera aqueous extract taken from the leaf on total leukocyte count including its differentials (neutrophils and lymphocytes) in cadmium-treated rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four adult Wistar Albino rats, weighing between 180 and 200 g were broadly divided into four groups, six animals in each group, with group I being the control. Group IV was pretreated with the extract and then cadmium chloride orally for 1 day. Data were presented as mean ± SD and p ≤ 0.05 considered significant. The results portrayed that pretreatment with Moringa leaf extract, 100 mg/kg/bw, earlier to the cadmium administration exhibited a significant increase (p ≤ 0.001) in the total leukocyte count including its differentials in comparison with the cadmium-exposed group, whereas the total WBC count was significantly decreased in group III in comparison with groups I and II. This study depicts a marked increase in the total leukocyte (T-WBC) count and its differentials in the animals pretreated with Moringa oleifera leaf extract, before the infusion of cadmium could be an indication that M. oleifera offers protection against damage to hematological parameters induced by cadmium. Conclusion: Therefore, our study suggests that aqueous leaf extract of M. oleifera enhances the immune mechanisms to fight back foreign substances when exposed to cadmium toxicity.

1 illus, 2 tables, 23 ref

003194   Alwaleedi S A (Biology Dep, Faculty of Science, Taif Univ, Taif, Saudi Arabia, Email: swaleedi@hotmail.com) : Hematobiochemical changes induced by lead intoxication in male and female albino mice. Natn J Physiol Pharm Pharmac 2016, 6(1), 46-51.

Objective is to investigate the risk that may result from exposure to different doses of lead acetate on the body weight and the weight of different organs, hematological indices, and the functions of liver and kidney. The experiment was performed on 80 mice. They were divided into four groups. The first group represented the healthy control animals, while groups II, III, and IV were given sublethal doses of lead acetate (0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 mg/kg body weight, respectively) in drinking water for 12 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, blood was collected and used for hematological and biochemical analysis. The results indicated that mice treated with lead acetate showed significant reduction in total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration compared with the healthy control ones while there were significant elevations in total leukocyte count and the amount of platelets. The results also showed significant increase in the activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase, indicating liver dysfunction. In addition, the serum levels of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine were also increased indicating renal deficiency. Treatment with lead acetate at low doses has harmful effects on experimental animals and induced hematological and biochemical alterations. Therefore, this study advises people to avoid any exposure to this toxic metal to prevent its hazardous effects on health.

3 tables, 46 ref

003193   Alwaleedi S A (Biology Dep, Faculty of Science, Taif Univ (TU), Taif, Saudi Arabi, Email: swaleedi@hotmail.com) : Alterations in antioxidant defense system in hepatic and renal tissues of rats following aspartame intake. J appl Biol Biotechnol 2016, 4(2), 46-52.

Aspartame is one of the most common artificial sweeteners in use today worldwide. Aspartame has been implicated in many health problems. The study aimed to investigate whether aspartame consumption induces oxidative stress and whether it can threaten the antioxidant defense system in hepatic and renal tissues. The experiment was performed on adult male albino rats. They were distributed into 4 groups, group I represented the control animals and received orally water. The rest were given aspartame in a dose 50 mg/kg for 15, 30 and 60 days respectively. Blood was collected and centrifuged to obtain serum for the determination of serum enzymes. The tissue samples were homogenized, centrifuged and the clear supernatant was collected for further biochemical analysis. The results showed a significant increase in LPO level in liver and kidney. A remarkable reduction in GSH content was also observed in both hepatic and renal tissues. The activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, GPx and GR were significantly reduced in both liver and kidney. In addition, the results also indicated a significant increase in activities of serum marker enzymes ALT, AST, ALP and GGT. The data provided in this study clearly point out that aspartame consumption at a dose of 50 mg/kg induces oxidative stress in hepatic and renal tissues by generation of free radicals.

3 illus, 1 table, 51 ref

003192   Akhtar N (Urban and Regional Planning Dep, Federal Univ of Technology, Akure, Nigeria) : Drivers and traits of peri-urbanization in Benin city, Nigeria: a focus on Ekiadolor community. J Crop Weed 2016, 12(2), 23-31.

Peri urban zones are areas capable of promoting urban and rural livelihoods and coping with the pressure and dynamics of population and land use changes. This study examined the drivers of growth, characteristics and environmental challenges of the peri urban zones in Benin city, Nigeria using Ekiadolor as a case study. 30 per cent of the total number of building stock in the area was chosen as sample size. For the survey, one household per building was selected while a head of household was selected for interview. Attributes investigated included reasons for staying in the community, length of stay, infrastructures and land related issues among others. Characteristics of a typical peri-urban community were well amplified in Ekiadolor. The establishment of the College of Education was the major driver for the transformation of Ekiadolor to a peri-urban settlement. The study concluded that the establishment of educational institutions outside the immediate precinct of cities could trigger peri - urbanization and therefore recommends that adequate provision should be made in anticipation of the envisaged challenges that are associated with such development.

4 illus, 3 tables, 19 ref

002268   Zodape G V;Bhise P P (Zoology Dep, Shivaji Univ, Kolhapur, Maharashtra-416 004, Email: drgautamvz5@gmail.com) : Effect of aloe vera extract on the hepatotoxicity induced by isoniazid and rifampicin drug in male wistar rats. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(3), 1314-20.

Male Wistar rats were procured from 'The Bombay Veterinary College', Parel, Mumbai. The animals were maintained and housed in cages and were acclimatized in laboratory conditions for ten days prior to the experiment. The experimental rats were fed orally with isoniazid 300 mg/ 70 kg body weight / day; rifampicin 450 mg / 70 kg body weight / day and Aloe vera extract 50 mg/ kg body weight / day for 30 days. Blood samples of the above groups (A to H) were taken after 30th day from cardiac puncture for estimation of mean concentration serum of AST, ALT, ALP, and ACP, bilirubin, total proein, total albumin and total globulin in serum of rats treated with Aloe vera, Isoniazid and Rifampicin independently as well as in combinations. In our study the more commonly measured 'liver' enzymes are showing significant increase in the levels of AST, ALT, ALP, and ACP, bilirubin total proein, total albumin and total globulin in serum of rats treated with Isoniazid and Rifampicin individually and in combination when compared with control rats, whereas the levels of AST, ALT, ALP, and ACP, bilirubin, total protein, total albumin and total globulin in serum were found somewhat decreased in rat treated with Aloe vera independently as well as in combination with Isoniazid and Rifampicin drug.

41 ref

002267   Singh P P;Devi K R;Devi M M;Thokchom D S; Sharma G J (Redox Biology Lab, Centre of Advanced Study in Life Sciences, Manipur Univ, Imphal-795 003, Email: priyopaonam@gmail.com) : Protection of low let radiation-induced DNA damage in rat bone marrow cells by free radical scavenger curcumin. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(3), 1168-78.

Antioxidant potentials and radioprotective properties of curcumin were studied. Free radical scavenging activity of curcumin was measured spectrophotometrically using ferric ion reducing power assay, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) free radical test, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity assay, nitric oxide scavenging assay and superoxide scavenging capacity. The antioxidant properties depended upon concentration of curcumin in the reaction mixture. Curcumin exhibited good protection against low LET radiation-induced DNA damage. Treatment of ethanolic solutions of curcumin before irradiation significantly reduced comet tail DNA and length (P <60> 0.05.) in bone marrow cells of rat as revealed by alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis. Treatment of curcumin solutions to plasmid (pBR322) DNA prior to exposure of radiation under in vitro condition protect the DNA damage as indicated by significant reduction of the gamma radiation-induced conversion of CCC (covalently closed circular) to OC (open circular) form. The findings indicate that curcumin possesses promising antioxidant and radioprotective properties, and hence, has an important role in radiation countermeasures.

43 ref

002266   Sadiq B;Butt G Y;Ahmad F;Mahmood R (Botany Dep, Government College Univ, Lahore, Pakistan, Email: fagondal82@yahoo.com) : Effect of artificially prepared food and algal food on the growth of Lebistes reticulates. Asian J Chem 2016, 28(1), 126-8.

Two algal species Chladophora aegagropila and Gomphonema geminatum was collected from botanical garden of GC University, Lahore and further processed to prepare food for guppy fish (Lebistes reticulates), bought from a local fish market of Lahore. The fish that was fed with algal species showed high trends towards growth, length and weight than fish in artificially prepared food bought from commercial market. During this research work artificially prepared food was used as control and algal food was used as experimental media. Limnological study was also conducted in which dissolve oxygen, pH, temperature, total dissolve solvents, carbonates, bicarbonates, calcium, magnesium and chloride ions were also evaluated. The high rate of growth in algal food was due to presence of more protein content than artificially prepared food.

3 illus, 10 ref

002265   Prasad B S;Srinivasan K K;Harindran J (Pharmaceutical Sciences Dep, Cheruvandoor Campus, Ettumanoor, Kottayam, Kerala-686 631, Email: bobyramesh@yahoo.co.in) : Chonemorpha fragrans (moon) alston- An effective antihyperglycemic and antihyperliperglycemic and antihperlipidemic agent in streptozotocin nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(3), 1149-55.

Ethanolic extract of the roots of Chonemorpha fragrans, a traditionally used antidibetic plant was evaluated for its antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effect using streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rat model. Oral glucose tolerance test with 2g/kg of glucose and normoglycemic studies were performed which showed a dose dependant decrease in sugar levels. The acute oral toxicity studies demonstrated the safety of the dose up to 2000mg/kg body weight. The diabetic rats were treated with ethanolic root extracts, at a dose of 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg based on the acute toxicity study. Standard groups were treated with Glibenclamide at a dose of 0.6mg/kg. Treatment was continued for 21 days and the weights of the rats and serum glucose levels were measured on 1st, 7th, 14th and 21stday. Other biochemical parameters like lipid profile, HbA1c, ALT, AST, serum creatinine, urea and total proteins were evaluated on the last day of the study. The results of the study have shown a significant difference between the initial and final fasting blood glucose levels of C. fragrans and glibenclamide treated diabetic rats. These results justifies the traditional claim of the usefulness of C. fragrans root extract in the treatment of type 2 D. mellitus.

23 ref

002264   Oyemitan I A;Bello O A;Akinpelu L A (Chemistry Dep, Walter Sisulu Univ, Nelsom Mandela Drive Campus, Mthatha, South Africa, Email: oyemix@yahoo.com) : Neuropharmacological evaluation of ethanolic leaf extract of Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) kuntze (amaranthaceae) in mice. Int J pharm Sci Res 2015, 6(9), 3796-3806.

Alternanthera brasiliana is a medicinal plant used in the folkloric treatment of malaria, pains, infections and diabetes in South-western states of Nigeria. Recent reports indicate some central activities for the plant. This study evaluated ethanolic leaf extract of the plant for novelty-induced behaviour, anxiety, sedation and convulsion in mice. Dried powdered leaves of the plant were extracted with 70% ethanol, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to obtain ethanolic leaf extract (ELE) of A. brasiliana. The acute toxicity (LD₅₀) of the ELE was determined through oral (p.o.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) routes. ELE (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg, p.o.) was evaluated for novelty induced behaviours, anxiolytic, sedative and anticonvulsant activities. The LD₅₀ values obtained for the ELE were ≥ 5000 mg/kg, p.o. and 3808 mg/kg, i.p. The ELE (500-1000 mg/kg) caused significant (p<60>0.05) increase in rearing [p<60>0.05, p<60>0.01; F_{(4, 25)} = 37.0] and locomotor [p<60>0.05, p<60>0.01; F_{(4, 25)} = 36.0] activities; caused increase in the number of head dips at 1000 mg/kg [p<60>0.01, F_{(4, 25)} = 9.0] and non-significantly increased time spent on the open arms of the elevated plus maze; caused significant increase in sleep latency [p<60>0.01, F_{(4, 25)}=37.0] but decrease non-significantly total sleeping time induced by ketamine. Finally, the ELE at all the doses used did not protect the animals against PTZ, strychnine or incidence of tonic hind limb extension on MES. This study concluded that ethanolic leaf extract of A. brasiliana on the central nervous system is stimulatory; possess moderate anxiolytic activity but lack anticonvulsant activity.

52 ref

002263   Naveen Y P;Urooj A (DOS in Food Science and Nutrition, Mysore Univ, Manasagangothri, Mysore-570 006, Email: asnaurooj@foodsci.uni.mysore.ac.in) : Amelioration of diabetes by Swietenia mahagoni in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Int J pharm Sci Res 2015, 6(9), 3892-3900.

Sweitenia mahagoni is a natural medicine used to treat various human ailments including diabetes. The present study is a comprehensive approach which targets more than one locus in the diabetic model to enumerate the anti-diabetic potential of Swietenia mahagoni as claimed by folklore. Oral administration of the aqueous extract of the leaf decreased the fasting blood glucose level (155.2±6.7) from its initial value (309.8±10.5) in diabetic rats. There was improvement in the content of innate antioxidant components viz., glutathione (0.570±0.01) when compared to positive control group (0.28±0.02). The activity liver health marker enzymes in the serum were also decreased in the treated group compared to untreated diabetic group. There was also reduction in body mass loss in treated groups. Thus it can be proposed that Sweitenia mahagoni leaf has potent anti-diabetic activity and the effect may be mediated through increasing the antioxidant strength, improving glycogen content in liver, balancing the lipid components in serum, decreasing the muscle protein catabolism and improved overall health.

19 ref

002262   Nair A;Agashe D (National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Funadamental Research, GKVK, Bellary Road, Bengaluru-560 065, Email: dagashe@ncbs.res.in) : Host-specific spatial and temporal variation in culturable gut bacterial communities of dragonflies. Curr Sci 2016, 110(8), 1513-23.

Many microbial communities are associated with specific animal hosts, with major impacts on the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of both partners. We analysed gut microbial communities of eight dragonfly species in southern India. Adult dragonflies are generalist opportunistic predators; thus, we expected to find relatively high individual variation but low host-specific variation in their gut community composition. However, we find that each host species has a distinct gut bacterial community, with sampling location and month playing a small but significant role in shaping community structure. These patterns suggest that dragonflies either specialize on subsets of available prey, or their guts impose differential selective pressures resulting in distinct communities.

7 illus, 4 tables, 30 ref

002261   Mathur N;Aeri V;Katare D P (Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity Univ, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh) : Effect of Cichorium intybus leaves on N- nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatotoxicity in wistar rats. Int J pharm Sci Res 2015, 6(9), 3861-71.

Cichorium intybus (Asteraceae) is used as traditional medicine in India for various liver related disorders. The present study evaluates the hepatoprotective potential of leaf extract on N- nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatotoxicity, which is commonly present in foods, beverages, tobacco smoke, herbicides, pesticides, drinking water, and industrial pollution. The leaves were sorted as per their size (short, medium, large) and subjected to extraction with ethanol, water and ethanol: water (1:1 w/w) by cold maceration and hot soxlation. The extract having the highest extractive value 80.7%w/w was selected for animal studies. Group I, II, III, served as control, toxic and standard. Group IV and V were post treatment receiving 400 mg/kg body weight and 800 mg/kg body weight respectively and group VI as pre treatment group receiving 800 mg/kg body weight of the extract before the induction of toxicity. The level of serum markers such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly suppressed (P<60>0.0001) in both the groups receiving 400 mg/kg body weight and 800 mg/kg body weight of extract as compared to the toxic group. Activities of enzymic (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GR)) antioxidants were significantly increased (P<60>0.05) on supplementation with the extract. Histopathological studies also evidenced the liver protective effect of the plant extract. The study results show that treatment with 800 mg/kg body weight Cichorium intybus extract before or after NDEA provides protection against the hepatotoxicity caused by NDEA.

59 ref

002260   Mathew S;Qadri I (Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine, King Abdul Aziz Univ, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia, Email: ishtiaq80262@yahoo.com) : Quantitative structure activity relationship and molecular docking analysis of sholesterol inhibitors against niemann-pick C2 target gene (NPC2). Int J pharm Sci Res 2015, 6(9), 3788-95.

In an effort to develop new targets with enhanced antihyperlipidemic activity, seven new inhibitors such as beta-sitosterol, cholesterol, cholesterol sulfate, desmosterol, lathosterol, stigmasterol and cholesterol acetate was targeted using in silico docking experiments with the modeled structure of the Niemann-Pick C2 target gene (NPC2). Quantitative structure-activity relationship models (QSAR models) was used to the predict the physico-chemical properties or pharmacology activity of the selected drugs and further antihyperlipdemic evaluation of NPC2 gene was studied by analyzing the interaction of hydrogen bonds within the active site of the modeled protein. The confirmation obtained after docking showed good energy binding and docking energy which is about -9.55 Kcal/mol and -11.3Kcal/mol, this shows the inhibitor demosterol showed good interactions towards the modeled protein.

23 ref

002259   Mangalam M;Desai N;Singh M (Psychology Dep, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA, Email: madhur.mangalam@uga.edu) : Division of labour: a democratic approach towards understanding manual asymmetries in non-human primates. Curr Sci 2016, 110(9), 1630-8.

A consequence of the 'gold rush'-like hunch for humanlike handedness in non-human primates has been that researchers have been continually analysing observations at the level of the population, ignoring the analysis at the level of an individual and, consequently, have potentially missed revelations on the forms and functions of manual asymmetries. Recently, consecutive studies on manual asymmetries in bonnet macaques, Macaco, radiata revealed both the functional and adaptive significance of manual asymmetries respectively, and pointed towards the division of labour as bting the general principle underlying the observed hand-usage patterns. We review the studies on manual asymmetries in capuchin monkeys, Cebus spp. and argue that the observed hand-usage patterns might reflect specialization of the two hands for accomplishing tasks that require different dexterity types (i.e. manoeuvring in three-dimensional space or physical strength). To this end, we do a step-by-step analysis of the various tasks used in the studies on manual asymmetries in capuchin monkeys. We then describe the division of labour as a general principle underlying manual asymmetries in non-human primates and propose experimental designs that would elaborate the forms and functions of manual asymmetries in non-human primates and the associated adaptive value.

^iia64 ref

002258   Malpekar K;Vivek K;Shastri J (Microbiology Dep, Topiwala National Medical College, Nair Hospital, Mumbai, Email: kirtimalpekar@yahoo.co.in) : Clinical correlation and laboratory diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. J Evolution med dent Sci 2016, 5(60), 4148-53.

1 illus, 3 tables, 47 ref

002257   Lahon J;Phukan S;Lahkar M;Sharma U (Pharmacology Dep, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional, Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Mawdiangdiang, Shillong-793 018, Email: joanlahon@yahoo.co.in) : Anti convulsant potential of leaves of Psidium guajava Linn. in MES and PTZ induced convulsion in experimental animals. Int J pharm Sci Res 2015, 6(9), 3946-53.

Objectives is to study the anti-convulsant potential of leaves of Psidium guajava Linn. in MES and PTZ induced convulsion in experimental animals. The anticonvulsant potential of the ethanolic extracts of Psidium guajava Linn. (EEPG) were tested in the mice model of Maximal electroshock (MES) and Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). In the MES model, seizures were induced by delivering electroshock of 50 mA for 0.2 seconds via a pair of transauricular electrodes using an electro-convulsiometer. In the PTZ model, seizures were induced by injecting 80 mg/kg i.p Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). For MES model, parameters measured were - duration of hind limb tonic extension, total recovery time and percentage protection. For the PTZ model, parameters measured were -duration of onset of clonic convulsions, duration of clonic convulsions, percentage reduction of clonic phase, mortality percentage and seizure score. The EEPG (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) produced dose dependent anticonvulsant effect on MES induced seizures in albino mice, as suggested by reduction in the HLTE and total recovery time, and increase in the percentage protection from MES induced convulsions. EEPG also prolonged the latency of clonic convulsion and reduced the duration of convulsion in a dose dependent manner, as well as reduce the seizure score, thus suggesting the anticonvulsant effect of the extract on PTZ induced seizures. The present study concludes that the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Psidium guajava Linn. have anticonvulsant effect on PTZ and MES induced convulsion in albino mice.

23 ref

002256   Khlifi L;Graiet H;Sahli S;Bouzidi N; Ben-Hadj-Mohamed M;Khelil S;Dandana A;Garbi A;Ferchichi S;Miled A (Biochemistry Lab CHU Farhat HACHED, Sousse, Tunisia, Email: latifakhlifi@hotmail.com) : Analysis of tumor necrosis factor G238A and G308A gene polymorphisms in Tunisian patients with pressure ulcer. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(3), 976-83.

Pressure ulcer (PU) is a complex and multifactor disease in which the cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to risk of a delay in healing. An imbalance between pro-oxidant and antioxidant systems has been suggested to be implicated in the physiopathology of PU. Polymorphisms in TNF-α gene are emerging as key determinants of many diseases. The TNF-α (-238 and -308) G/A single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most extensively studied. This study aimed to assess the value of serum pro-oxidant and antioxidant levels and to determine the role of a TNF-α gene SNPs in the pathogenesis of PU. 100 Tunisian subjects suffering of PU and 213 controls were admitted. Oxidant status was evaluated by the measure of homocysteine and thiobarbituric reactive oxygen substances. Antioxidant status was evaluated by the measure of total antioxidant status, serum catalase activity and trace elements. G308A and G238A variants of TNF-α gene were screened by AS-PCR and RFLP-PCR. Our results suggest that the unbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants seems to be more aggravated in patients suffering from PU in comparison with normal volunteers. Thus, for the first time in Africa, we sought to investigate whether polymorphisms in TNF-α gene were associated with the development of PU pathology in Tunisia. The TNF-α G308A may contribute to susceptibility to PU disease but our results do not support an association between PU and TNF-α G238A polymorphism. Our study drives the attention to implication of oxidative stress in PU. TNF-α G308 A polymorphism might be genetic risk factor for PU.

35 ref

002255   Khanduri N C;Bhatia D;Singh S P (Zoology Dep, Govt. P.G. College Agastayamuni, Rudraprayag, Uttarakhand) : Anti fertility effects of Pueraria tuberosa on reproductive organs of female albino rats. J Mount Res 2014, 9(Dec), 71-7.

Effects of crude powder and extract of both alcoholic and hot water extract of tubers of plant Pueraria tuberosa was observed on the reproductive structure of female albino rat after the oral administration of 25 mg/kg, 50mg/kg and 75 mg/kg body weight for 15 and 30 days respectively. A dose and duration dependent effects on ovary, uterus and accessory reproductive organs of the rats were observed. The treatment resulted atrophied uterine gland however it did not affect the lumen. Treatment also caused in the reduction in the endometrial height, size and the numbers of uterine glands were seen.

2 tables, 10 ref

002254   Iroha I R;Okafor-Alu F N;Ugbo E N;Ejikeugwu C P;Nwuzo A C;Nwakeze A E;Moses I B;Egwu E;Nwibo G N (Applied Microbiology Dep, Faculty of Sciences, Ebonyi State Univ, P.M.B. 053, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, Email: ejikeugwu_chika@yahoo.com) : Antibiogram of pathogenic bacteria isolated from pre- and post-surgery vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) patients in abakaliki, ebonyi state. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(3), 1005-11.

Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) is an abnormal fistulous tract that extends between the bladder and the vagina - thus allowing the continuous involuntary discharge of urine into the vaginal vault of the affected patient. This study evaluated presumptively the prevalence and antibiogram of pathogenic bacteria isolated from pre- and post-surgery VVF patients. Urine samples were collected in duplicates from the VVF patients; and these were bacteriologically analyzed using cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient (CLED) agar, MacConkey agar and blood agar. Susceptibility studies were carried out on the isolated pathogens using the disk diffusion method. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, S. pyogenes and S. aureus were the most isolated bacteria from the urine samples of pre- and post-surgery VVF patients. The organisms showed highest levels of resistance to ceftazidime, cotrimoxazole, amoxicillin, nitrofurantoin, cefuroxime, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and tetracycline. With the exception of some S. aureus isolates, all the organisms including K. pneumoniae, E. coli and S. aureus were completely resistant to imipenem. However, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin showed appreciable levels of antimicrobial efficacy against the E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes and S. aureus isolates from both the pre- and post-surgery VVF patients. The complications of UTI in VVF patients necessitate the need to back up treatment with proper susceptibility studies. Our study has shown that the isolated organisms are resistant to some commonly used drugs. Thus it is vital to make antimicrobial stewardship a vital part of VVF management in our hospitals so that antibiotic therapy for such affected patients can be properly guided.

17 ref

002253   Hasan S M (Pharmacology and Therapeutics Dep, College of Medicine, Kufa Univ, Kufa, Iraq, Email: dr.saifalgebory@yahoo.com) : Effect of etanercept against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in male mice. Int J pharm Sci Res 2015, 6(9), 3853-60.

This study was undertaken to investigate the potential role of etanercept in amelioration of myocardial I/R injury induced by ligation of coronary artery in a mice model. Materials & methods: Adult male Swiss Albino mice were randomized into 4 equal groups. Group (1) sham group: mice underwent the same anesthetic and surgical procedure as the control group except ligation of LAD coronary artery, Group(2) control group: mice subjected to regional ischemia for 30 min and reperfusion for 2 hours by ligation of LAD coronary artery, Group(3) control vehicle group: same control group except mice given IP normal saline before reperfusion 5 minutes, Group(4) Etanercept treated group : mice treated with etanercept 5 mg/kg i.p. 5 minuts before reperfusion of ligation of LAD coronary artery. The heart tissue (below the ligation site) was used for measurement of apoptosis (caspase 3 and Bcl-2)and histopathology study. Results: Histologically, all mice in control group showed significant (p<60>0.05) cardiac injury. Furthermore all mice in control group showed significant (p<60>0.05) of caspase 3 while significant decrease (p<60>0.05) of Bcl-2. Etanercept significantly counteract the increase in myocardium level of caspase 3 (P <60> 0.05), etanercept significantly counteract the decrease (p<60>0.05) in myocardium level of Bcl-2. Histological analysis revealed that etanercept markedly reduced (P <60> 0.05) the severity of heart injury in the mice underwent LAD ligation procedure. Conclusion: The etanerceptameliorate myocardial I/R injury in mice via interfering with apoptosis which induced by I/R injury.

22 ref

002252   Dokka M K;Seva L;Siva Prasad D (Biochemisytry Dep, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam-530 003, Email: sivaprasaddav@yahoo.co.in) : Antifungal activity of trypsin inhibitors from the seeds of Abelmoschus moschatus. Int J pharm Sci Res 2015, 6(9), 3920-7.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the antifungal potential of trypsin inhibitors (AMTI-I and AMTI-II) isolated from the seeds of Abelmoschus moschatus on selected pathogenic fungal strains. The purified inhibitors have been found to be homogenous by the criteria of native PAGE and gel filtration with apparent molecular weights of 22.4kDa and 21.2 kDa as judged by SDS-PAGE. While both the inhibitors were strongly active against bovine trypsin, they showed moderate effect on porcine elastase. AMTI-I and AMTI-II significantly affected the growth of Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Asperigillus flavus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida glabrata and Asperigillus niger with notable zones of inhibition. The inhibitors, however, did not show any inhibitory effect on the growth of other fungal strains- Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria alternate, Mucor indicus and Penicillium chrysogenum. The fungicides, Flucanazole and Ketoconazole were used as positive controls in this study. Results obtained suggest that AMTI-I and AMTI-II may be regarded as excellent candidates for the development of novel antimicrobial agents against human pathogenic diseases.

37 ref

002251   Bollu V S;Soren G;Jamil K;Bairi A;Yashmaina S (Pharmacology Dep, SRR College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karimnagar, Email: sridhar.yashmaina@gmail.com) : Genotoxic and histopathological evaluation of zinc oxide nanorods in vivo in swiss albino mice. J Evolution med dent Sci 2016, 5(83), 6186-92.

4 illus, 4 tables, 29 ref

002250   Baldo M N;Hunzicker G A;Altamirano J C; Murguia M C;Hein G J (Dominguez Lab, Martin de Moussy 41, (3100) Parana, Entre Rios, Argentina, Email: ghein@santafe-conicet.gov.ar) : Saliva as a noninvasive biological sample to compare bioavailability of phenytoin formulations by LC-MS/MS. Int J pharm Sci Res 2015, 6(9), 3752-60.

The use of noninvasive biological samples such as saliva, it is of great interest for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), including the anticonvulsants Phenytoin (PHT). A simple analytical methodology by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed and validated to carry out a relative comparative bioavailability (RBA) study of two PHT formulations in human plasma and saliva and the subsequent correlation between both matrixes. A single-dose, randomized-sequence, open-label, two-way crossover study, was conducted in 24 healthy Latin American male volunteers. The bioequivalence of 200 mg PHT tablet was evaluated using plasma and saliva to determine C_max, T_max, AUC_0-t and AUC_0-∞. Figures of merit of the proposed methodology were as follows: linear ranges of 40-5055 ng/mL and 5-1340 ng/mL for plasma and saliva, respectively, with a correlation coefficient of (r)<62>0.999. The LOD and LOQ were 15 ng/mL -40 ng/mL for plasma and 1.5 ng/mL - 5.0 ng/mL for saliva. Accuracy, precision (as %CV) and recovery were accepted according the bioequivalence criteria. Stability showed %bias<60>15%. The PHT saliva/PHT plasma ratios for all parameters were: 5.4, 2.2, 1.4 for C_max, and 1.7, 1.2, 1.1 for AUC. Plasma and saliva results were correlated (R=0.9889 and R=0.9947 for Reference and Test, respectively). Saliva not only is a suitable matrix for RBA studies and TDM, but also a more convenient tool since it provides analogous information with mayor analytical, ethical, and biosafety advantages. However, an additional pre-study of product dissolution in oral cavity is suggested before carrying out complete RBA studies for prompt-release drugs.

30 ref

002249   Akbar A;Tabrizian K;Miri A;Shafiei M (Pharmacology and Toxicology Dep, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zabol Univ of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran, Email: ati.akbari68@gmail.com) : Oral administration of an alcoholic extract of Cardaria draba prevented scopolamine-, zinc chloride - and sodium metavanadate- induced avoidance memory retention impairments in step-through passive avoidance task in mice. Int J Pharmac 2016, 3(3), 131-9.

Cardaria draba commonly known as whitetop or hoary cress is a perennial herb that is native to Eastern Europe and eastern Asia, including Iran. In this study, the effects of alcoholic extract of Cardaria draba(25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) via oral gavage for 2 weeks alone and on scopolamine (1 mg /kg/d, 4 days, i.p.) -, zinc chloride (75 mg/kg/d, 2 weeks oral gavage) - and sodium metavanadate (22.5 mg/kg/d, 2 weeks oral gavage) - induced avoidance memory retention alterations were investigated in the step-through passive avoidance task. Zinc chloride and scopolamine were dissolved in saline and sodium metavanadate was dissolved in animal's drinking water. At the end of each part of studies, animals were trained for one day in step-through task. The avoidance memory retention alterations were evaluated 24 h, 48 h, 96 h and 168 h later to training session. Zinc chloride and sodium metavanadate oral gavage for 2 weeks decreased latencies compared to control animals. Also, four days intra-peritoneal injection of scopolamine decreased latency compared to control animals. Finally, Findings of this research showed that 2 weeks oral gavage of alcoholic extract of cardaria draba (100 mg/kg) prevented scopolamine-, zinc chloride- and sodium metavanadate- induced avoidance memory retention impairments.

4 illus, 3 tables, 35 ref

001200   Yumnam I;Mohilal N (Life Sciences Dep, Manipur Univ, Canchipur-795 003, Email: mohilaln@yahoo.co.in) : Description of a septate gregarine Odonaticola aphisae n.sp. from Aphis fabae of Manipur. Envir Ecol 2015, 33(2A), 893-7.

The septate gregarines infect the mid gut of the Aphis fabae and cause severe infection to the intestinal tissues of the hosts. The present species Odonaticola aphisae n.sp., a septate gregarine (Protozoa: Apicomplexa) isolated from the mid gut of Aphis fabae collected from Imphal, Manipur, India has hat shaped epimerite with umbrella like margins in the trophozoites. Other distinctive characters of the species and taxonomic position has been described in the paper. The prevalence of the infection was 25 out of 60(33.3%).

1 illus, 2 tables, 6 ref

001199   Sunthlia A;Singh S P (Community Medicine Dep, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi-221 005) : Assessment of nutritional status in older adults at an old age home in urban Varanasi. Indian J Gerontol 2015, 30(1), 48-55.

Poor nutrition is not a natural concomitant of ageing, older adults are at risk for malnutrition due to physiological, psychological, social, dietary, and environmental risk factors. Weight loss in older adults is often associated with a loss of muscle mass and can ultimately impact their functional status. Malnutrition in older adults is associated with complications and premature death. The progression to malnutrition is often insidious and often undetected. The purpose of this study was to find out the nutritional status and the prevalence of malnutrition of 89 elderly inmates (age 60 and above) of both the sexes (Male= 47 and Female=42) living in an Old age home in Urban Varanasi. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) scale was used to assess the nutritional status of these inmates. Data analysis was done by using Microsoft excel 2007. Chi square test was applied for statistical analysis. It was found out that 40.44 per cent inmates were malnourished and about 17.97 per cent were at risk of malnutrition. Neuro-psychological issues and psychological stress were not a major concern. Only 4- and 6 per cent inmates complained of such problems. The p value (0.27) shows that there is no significant relationship between gender and the status of malnourishment. On the basis of these findings it may be concluded that the older persons of this sample are at an increased risk of inadequate diet and malnutrition and the older population living in such conditions are more at such risk. Inadequate diet and malnutrition are associated with a decline in functional status, impaired muscle function, decreased hone mass, immune dysfunction, anemia.

6 tables, 1 ref

001198   Suganya M (Sociology Dep, Univ of Madras, Chennai-600 005) : An assessment of quality of life of elderly people in old age homes in Chennai city of Tamilnadu. Indian J Gerontol 2015, 30(1), 26-47.

The aim of this study was to understand the quality of life of elderly people in old age homes in Chennai city. 350 inmates, 60 years and above (Male = 82, Female 268) were selected by purposive sampling technique from seven old age homes in Chennai city ofTamilnadu. Bed ridden and mentally retarded inmates were excluded from this study. Interview schedule was used to collect data regarding their socio-demographic profile. World Health Organization's Quality Of Life instrument (WHOQOL-BreJ) was used to assess the quality of life of inmates in old age homes. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. From the findings, it can be concluded that there was a significant difference between types of old age homes and quality of life of inmates. Factors like Age; Marital status; Condition of the spouse; Education; Money earned in past; Sources of income; Number of roommates and Staying years in old age homes have a significant influence on the quality of life of inmates in old age homes. In Physical capacity domain and Psychological well being domain, male inmates secured high quality of life scores than female inmates. But in Social relationship domain and Environment and living condition domain female inmates secured high quality of life scores than male inmates.

5 illus, 5 tables, 8 ref

001197   Shrivastava S;Gautam V N;Gehlaut B S;Quadri M A (Veterinary Biochemistry Dep, College of Veterinary Science Univ, Jabalpur-482 001, Email: shraddha.goldy28@gmail.com) : Hypoglycemic effect of black cumin oil in birds. Envir Ecol 2015, 33(3A), 1289-92.

The present study was aimed to assess the effect of black cumin (Nigella sativa) oil on glucose metabolism of adult White Leghorn layer birds. Thirty six weeks old birds were randomly divided into five groups containing 6 birds in each.Their diets were supplemented with 0 (control), 1, 2, 3 and 4 g black cumin oil/kg of feed in group T₁, T₂, T₃, T₄ and T₅ respectively. Blood samples of the birds were collected on 0, 14, 28, 42 and 56 days and study was further continued for one more month without supplementing the diet with herbal preparations in order to observe the withdrawal effect. Blood glucose varied highly significantly between treatments. The maximum increase (30.41%) in insulin concentration was observed in T₅ group. Gene expression of cytoplas-mic phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase was absent in all treatment groups. The study revealed that supplementation of black cumin oil @ 4g/kg feed was the most effective in reducing blood glucose level of birds fed for period of 56 days. These effects gradually reduced after withdrawal of the oil with time.

2 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref

001196   Shimran K;Sangwan S;Punia S (Human Development and Family Studies Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: khushirkv001@gmail.com) : Family relationship correlates problems among adolescents. Ann Agri Bio Res 2015, 20(2), 265-7.

The study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state. A total of 240 adolescents studying in llth and 12th standard falling in the age group 16-18 years from selected schools were included in the study to represent the sample. The instruments used for data collection were Youth Problem Inventory and Family Relationship Inventory. The analysis of data was done using correlation coefficient. Results revealed that school problems were negatively and significantly correlated with parental acceptance and non-significant correlation existed in family problems, social problems, personal problems and over sensitivity with parental acceptance. Results also conformed that family problems, personal problems and over sensitivity were significantly correlated with parental concentration and school problems and social problems were non-significantly correlated with parental concentration. It was also exposed that positive as well as significant correlations were established in all aspects of adolescent problems i. e. family problems, school problems, social problems, personal problems and over sensitivity with parental avoidance.

1 table, 12 ref

001195   Reddy P V N S;Chaudhari V;Sudheendra V K; Singh R (Dairy Microbiology Dep, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132 001, Email: sathish.ndri@gmail.com) : Isolation and characterization of lactic acid bacteria from dosa batter, a cereal based fermented food of India. Envir Ecol 2016, 34(1), 104-8.

Cereal and legume based fermented food products like dosa, idli, dhokla are consumed widely in India and lactic acid fermentation is the key to get these products tasty. Present study was carried out to find the composition and to identify LAB from dosa batter using phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. A total of 22 lactic bacteria were isolated from dosa batter using mMRS agar. These isolates were later identified through morphological, physiological, biochemical and carbohydrate fermentation tests. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify the organisms genotypically. Enterococci was found to be predominant (45.45%) followed by lacto-bacilli (40.91%)and pediococci (13.64%).The isolated strains were identified as L. delbrueckiisubsp., bulgaricus, L .confusus, L. brevis, L. delbrueckiisubspp. lactis, E. durans, E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. asini, E. avium, E. sulfiirens, P. acidilactici and P. damnosus on the basis of their morphological, biochemical and phenotypic characteristics. Genus and species specific PCR amplification was done to support and validate the results obtained.

1 illus, 3 tables, 14 ref

001194   Rayar A;Manivannan R (NO, , Research Scholar (P.T.) & P.G.T. in Chemistry No.1, Kowasalyanagar Govindapuram Post, Thanjaur District, Tamilnadu, Email: rayarpgt@gmail.com ) : Antidiabetic effect of ethanolic seed extract of Decalepis hamiltonii Wight and Arn on oxidative stress and enzymic activities in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(1), 292-99.

Decalepis hamiltonii Wight and Arn. is an indigenous medicinal plant, which has a folk reputation in Western and southern India as hypoglycemic agent. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of ethanolic seed extract of Decalepis hamiltonii in alloxan induced diabetic Albino rats. Blood glucose levels and body weights of control and diabetic rats were monitored. In the present study activities of liver enzymes such as glucokinase, glucose -6- phosphatase and fructose -1- 6-diphosphatase were also determined. Glibenclamide an antidiabetic oral drug was used as reference in the present investigation. Oral administration of ethanolic seed extract (20 mg/kg body weight) for 21 days resulted in a significant (P<0.05) decline in blood glucose from 264.03±10.07 to 90.16±2.82 mg/dl and significant recovery in body weight of diabetic rats. There was also a significant (P<0.05) reduction in the activities of glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1-6-disphosphatase, glutathione levels, lipid peroxidation as oxidative stress ?-Glutamyl transpeptidase, Glutathione S-transferase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), acid and alkaline phosphatases in liver were also evaluated. Further there was significant (P<0.05) increase in the activity of glucokinase in liver of diabetic rats when compared with that of diabetic control. Results indicate increased metabolization of glucose in treated rats. Increased levels of lipid peroxidation measured as 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) indicative of oxidative stress in diabetic rats were also normalized by treatment. The study clearly shows that the ethanolic seed extract of Decalepis hamiltonii possesses potent antidiabetic activity.

26 ref

001193   Rani M;Singh C K (Human Development and Family Studies Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: chandrak_singh@rediffmail.com) : Comparison of psychological well-being among rural and urban underprivileged children. Ann Agri Bio Res 2016, 21(1), 71-4.

Psychological well-being is about lives going well. It is the combination of feeling good and functioning effectively-Individual's meaningful engagement in life, self-satisfaction, optimal psychological functioning and development at one's true highest potential. It has six dimensions that are autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, positive relationship with other, purpose in life and self-acceptance of individuals. The study was conducted at two locations, urban and rural of district Hisar of Haryana. The total samples of 240 underprivileged children were selected from age group of 12-14 years. Children were assessed for their psychological well being by Ryff scale (1995). The results revealed that majority of urban areas underprivileged children had high scores in psychological well-being, while rural area children had low scores. It means that psychological well-being of the respondents residing in urban area was better than rural children.

1 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

001192   Madalageri N K;Nagaraj L;Nidamarthi S B (Pharmacology Dep, Sree Narayana Institute of Medical Science, Chalakka, Ernakulam-683 594, Email: dr.naveen.madalageri@gmail.com) : Evaluation and comparative study of hypoglycaemic activity of Morus alba with oral hypoglycaemic drug (Glibenclamide) in alloxan induced diabetic rats. J Evolution med dent Sci 2016, 5(48), 3062-5.

3 tables, 12 ref

001191   Kaushik A (Social Work Dep, Univ of Delhi, Delhi-110 007) : Socio-cultural determinants of active ageing: A comparative study of two locations. Indian J Gerontol 2015, 30(1), 1-25.

Aged people are often taken as spent-force and unproductive, though they contribute in myriad ways to the family and social life. In the present study, socio-cultural determinants of active ageing were looked into. The study covers 200 elderly (age varying from 60 years and above) respondents of both the sexes (Male =100 and female=100) living in two contrasting neighbourhoods of Delhi (Dwarka N= 100 and Kakrola Gaon N= 100) having differential socio-economic and cultural contours. An interview schedule was used to collect information regarding their socio-economic and health status, daily activities and other relevant personal information from the respondents. Each respondent was interviewed individually. The findings of the present study suggest that, unlike the popular image of being 'non-productive, the elderly take up many roles and responsibilities in the family and neighbourhood, particularly those with higher educational and economic status. Age, health condition, educational level, economic status, and cultural norms, are some of the crucial factors which influence active ageing. Suggestive interventions to enhance active and productive ageing were brought forth in the light of the present study.

5 tables, 13 ref

001190   Ahmed A;Lahkar M (Pharmacology Dep, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati-781 032, Email: a_atifa@yahoo.com) : Effect of nimesulide in reversing reserpine induced depression in mice. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(1), 336-9.

Aim is to demonstrate the effect of Nimesulide in reversing Reserpine induced depression in mice. This test was done using 20-25gm of healthy albino mice of either sex in the Department of Pharmacology of Gauhati medical college. They were housed in standard laboratory condition at 25°C and fed on standard diet and water ad libitum. Five groups were selected each containing six mice. The groups were Group I (Normal Control), Group II (Disease Control), Group III (Fluoxetine 10mg/kg i.p),Group IV ( Nimesulide 2.5mg/kg i,p) and Group V (Nimesulide 5mg/kg i.p)Reserpine (2mg/kg i.p) was used to induce depression in all the groups except the Normal Control. After 24 hours, the standard and test drugs were given and the mice were subjected to tail suspension test (TST) after 30 mins and forced swim test (FST) after 1 hour of injecting the drugs. Mean±SEM values were calculated for each group. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and post analysis was done by Dunnett's test. Results were found to be significant (p<60> 0.05). The period of immobility was found to be reduced in the test groups in a dose dependent manner as compared to the Disease Control. However, the episodes and the duration of immobility was minimum in the Standard group. Nimesulide has been found to be effective in reversing reserpine induced depression in mice.

7 ref

000164   Zhang F;Lu M;Liu H;Ren T;Miao Y;Wang J (Anatomy Dep, Sanquan College, Xinxiang Medical Univ, Xinxiang-453 003, Email: fxzhang0824@gmail.com) : Sertoli cells promote proliferation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in co-culture. Indian J expl Biol 2016, 54(5), 309-14.

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are a major source for cell transplantation. The proliferative ability of BMSCs is an important determinant of the efficiency of transplant therapy. Sertoli cells are ''nurse'' cells for development of sperm cells. Our recent study showed that Sertoli cells promoted proliferation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) in co-culture. Studies by other groups also showed that Sertoli cells promoted growth of endothelial cells and neural stem cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of Sertoli cells on proliferation of BMSCs. Our results showed that Sertoli cells in co-culture significantly enhanced proliferation of BMSCs (P <60>0.01). Moreover, co-culture with Sertoli cells also markedly increased mRNA and/or protein expressions of Mdm2, p-Akt and Cyclin D1, and decreased p53 expression in BMSCs (P <60>0.01 or <60>0.05). These findings indicate that Sertoli cells have the potential to enhance proliferation of BMSCs.

4 illus, 1 table, 28 ref

000163   Zarringhalam M;Goudarzi H;Nahaei M R; Bandehpour M;Shahbazi G (Microbiology Dep, International Branch of Shahid Beheshti Univ of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Email: medicalopto@yahoo.com) : Detection of Escherichia coli pathotypes from the cases of diarrhea. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(1), 247-55.

Escherichia coli is a member of the normal microbiota,and also a common inhabitant of the human and warm-blooded animal intestinal tract, which several pathogenictypes of it can cause different diseases.One hundred and fourty seven E. coli isolates were obtained from the cases of diarrhea during 2013-2014. In order to detect E. coli pathotypes a mixture of nine primer pairs was used in three multiplex PCR assays. The PCR assays detected 26 ETEC, 20 EAEC, 11 EHEC, 9 EPEC and 2 EIEC. All E. coli strains were serogrouped by a latex agglutination test using a commercial antiserum. According to the results, 53 isolates were positive and according to kit regents, 3 different groups were identified. The findings also indicated that the E. coli strains recovered in this study expressed high levels of resistance to antimicrobials that are commonly used in clinical medicine. In conclusion,differentiation between the diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes is very importantsince they are involved in cancer or cellular senescence. It was concluded that at attempts at economy are better conducted via finding appropriate criteria for requesting a stool culture rather than at limitation of the microbiological evaluation of specimens that are subjected.

3 illus, 4 tables, 29 ref

000162   Tripathi M;Arvind Kumar;Kalia V;Saxena A K; Gujar G (Entomology Div, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi-110 012, Email: gtgujar@yahoo.com) : Isolation and characterization of lepidoptera specific Bacillus thuringiensis strains predominantly from north-eastern states of India. Indian J expl Biol 2016, 54(7), 431-51.

Both, the tobacco caterpillar Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) and the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner), are serious polyphagous pests causing considerable loss to crops. Indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides for controlling them has rather resulted in their resistance development. Microbial pesticides, Bacillus thuringiensis in particular, play an important role in pest management. Here, we isolated Bacillus thuringiensis-like bacteria from the soil samples primarily collected from North East region of India along with some states viz., Haryana, Punjab, Maharashtra, West Bengal and Uttarakhand and studied their toxicity against the above two insect pests at 10 μg/g along with standard strain B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-1 and at 1 μg/g Pseudomonas fluorescens based MVPII expressing Cry1Ac toxin and AUG-5. Isolates AUG-5 and GTG-7 proved toxic to more than 75% larvae on the 4th as well as 7th day of the treatment of the neonates of H. armigera. The AUG-5 isolate was also effective against S. litura. Ten effective isolates (AUG-5, GTG-4, GTG-7, GTG-9, GTG-42, GTG-64, GTG-70, GTG-3S, GTG-4S and GTG-6S) were characterized using biochemical and 16S rDNA analysis. Nearly, all the isolates tested positive for utilizing monosaccharides. All selected B. thuringiensis isolates showed resistance to ampicillin and co-trimoxazole except AUG-5 to co-trimoxazole. AUG-5 and GTG-7 were highly toxic to both insects, and possessed cry1, cry1A and cry2 genes. These isolates AUG-5 and GTG-7 also contained high Cry1Ac (104.8 and 88.32 ng/mg) and Cry2Ab (3792 and 1305.9 ng/mg), respectively in their spore-crystal complex. Both, AUG-5 and GTG-7 isolates, could be considered for further development as bioinsecticides. The present study has established the diversity and richness of B. thuringiensis-like isolates in soils collected from north-eastern region of India.

3 illus, 9 tables, 53 ref

000161   Sinha U;Mukhopadhyay B (NO, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B.T. Road, Kolkata-700 108) : Urban lifestyle and psychological health of the elderly in Kolkata. Indian J Gerontol 2016, 30(2), 210-26.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the possible effect of lifestyle related factors on psychological health among the urban elderly. 269 elderly (male: 148; female: 121) of the middle class urban Bengalee population of Saltlake city, Kolkata participated in this study. Data regarding socio economic profile, health status, and physical activity were collected through pre-tested questionnaires. Nutritional status was assessed by Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) questionnaire and Cohen's perceived stress questionnaire was used for collecting data on perceived stress. The mean GHQ-28 score for male was 7.40 and for female was 8.79 and the difference was statistically significant. Those who reside in extended families had significantly high mean GHQ score than those who live in nuclear families. Significant difference was found between the mean values of GHQ-28 score among the "well nourished" and "not well nourished" female elderly subjects of this study. Significant difference was found in mean values of GHQ-28 score between the elderly with "low stress score" and "high stress score" irrespective of sex.

8 tables, 37 ref

000160   Shukla M;Tabassum R;Singh R;Wattal Dhar D (Centre for Conservation and Utilisation of Blue Green Algae, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, Email: dollywattaldhar@yahoo.com) : Influence of light intensity, temperature and CO₂ concentration on growth and lipids in green algae and cynobacteria. Indian J expl Biol 2016, 54(7), 482-7.

Effects of the environmental variables such as light intensity (μmol photons m^-2s^-1), temperature (°C) and CO₂ concentration (ppm) on chlorophyll, total soluble proteins and lipids were studied in selected microalgal strains from Chlorophyceae (Chlamydomonas sp., Scenedesmus sp., Chlorella sp., Kirchneriella sp.) and cyanobacteria (Nostoc sp.1, Anabaena sp., Nostoc sp. 2, Cylindrospermum sp.). Cultures were grown under controlled conditions at the National Phytotron Facility, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi. Our results showed that chlorophyll concentration enhanced with increased CO₂. Chlorella exhibited the highest chlorophyll at 850 ppm CO₂ and 28°C; for Chlamydomonas it was at 78 μmol photons m^-2s^-1 light intensity. In Cylindrospermum, total soluble proteins decreased with enhanced CO₂, and were highest at 18°C. In Anabaena, a light intensity of 65 μmol photons m^-2s^-1 was best for maximum total soluble proteins. In Chlorella, CO₂ @ 850 ppm was most suited for maximum lipid accumulation. In Kirchneriella, increase in temperature, from 18°C up to 37°C, increased total lipids; the highest was at 28°C. In Chlamydomonas, the light intensity of 78 μmol photons m^-2s^-1 was optimum for lipid accumulation and the maximum total lipids was 30.8 (% dry wt.).

2 illus, 50 ref

000159   Shah W;Jadhav R N;Pimpliskar M;Vaidya V (Chemistry Dep, Vartak College, Vasai Road, Maharashtra, Email: samyak1210@gmail.com) : Evaluation of acute toxicity effet of Smilax glabra extract on white albino rats. J advd scient Res 2015, 6(2), 45-7.

Smilax glabra is a Chinese Medicinal plant used for the treatment of the many diseases. The purpose of the study was to test the acute oral toxicity of the extract of the plant rhizome. Acute toxicity of aqueous extract of Smilax glabra was evaluated in albino Swiss female mice. The acute toxicity studies were carried out based on OECD guidelines and 423 and fixed dosage studies was adopted where the limit dose is 3gm/kg body weight of test animal. Were orally administered a single dose of 3gm, 5gm/kg body weight. Sign of toxicity and mortality were noted after 24 hrs of administrations (5gm/kg body weight) did not produced mortality or changes in the general behavior of the test animals. These results indicates that the safety usage of extract from this plant in traditional medicine.

3 tables, 17 ref

000158   Sarmah C (Anthropology Dep, Gauhati Univ, Gauhati, Assam) : Gender differentials in health status among elderly: a case study of Guwahati city. Indian J Gerontol 2016, 30(2), 261-75.

Ageing brings about a progressive degeneration in the structure and functional capacity different organ systems in the body. This leads to a deterioration of physical condition and is manifested in the form of diseases. From this cross sectional study of 280 (Male = 130 and Female - 150) Assamese elderly in the age group of sixty years and above, it was found that though the elderly essentially suffer from the same diseases, there is variation in the prevalence of diseases between men and women. Elderly women also tend to assess their health condition to be 'not so good'. Moreover, diseases in elderly are multiple, chronic in nature and thereby affect their functional ability. Due to the culturally defined roles in Assamese society, women continue to remain active within the household but lose ability in outdoor instrumental activities of daily living. This in turn limits their social interaction. The data for the study was collected using a structured schedule and standard statistical tools were used for analyzing the data.

6 tables, 2 ref

000157   Pretorius J;Pieterse J;Toriola A L;Kubayi N A (Biomedical Technology Dep, Tshwane Univ of Technology, Private Bag X80, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa) : Aerobic fitness of South African wheelchair basketball and rugby players. Biomed Res 2015, 26(2), 249-53.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the VO_2max, peak blood lactate and peak heart rate among wheelchair basketball and rugby players. Thirty-eight wheelchair basketball and rugby players were purposively selected based on the following criteria: aged 18-50 years, actively involved in a wheelchair sport for at least one year prior to the study and had at least a minimum of 10% loss of function in the lower extremities. Results indicated that the paraplegics had a higher absolute peak VO₂ when compared with the quadriplegic groups. When percentage differences were compared, it was evident that the "other" group (34%) and the paraplegic group (27%) were above the average group mean (1564.3 ml/min^-1), whilst the other two groups were (21% and 15%) below the group mean, respectively. The results of the study have practical implications for players' health and sport performance. It is important that athletes suffering from spinal cord injury or any other type of physical impairment establish some type of anaerobic/aerobic fitness specific to their sport. For disabled athletes, sport participation is imperative for optimising their health, functional ability and physical performance.

3 illus, 14 ref

000156   Parizad E G;Parizad E G;Pakzad I;Valizadeh A (Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam Univ of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran, Email: Eskandar-parizad@yahoo.com) : Review of secretion systems in pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(1), 133-45.

Secretion is an essential duty for prokaryotes to better interact with their surroundings or host. In particular, the production of extracellular proteins and peptides is important in many aspects of survival and organism adaptation to its ecological niche. Secretion systems in bacteria are multi component protein structures used to transport molecules across bacterial membranes. Secretion systems are usually classified into 7 groups: Type I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VI and chaperons navigating the pathways are also a part of the system. Since this systems can transport a variety of different pathogenic factors outside of the bacterial cell and establish the ability to communicate with the environment in which the bacteria live. This is important about the human pathogenic bacteria because by understanding the components and functions of these protein transport systems, we can find the right solution to deal with them. Furthermore, these systems can be used for biological fights.

49 ref

000155   Padula G;Ponzinibbio M V;Seoane A I (NO, Instituto de Genetica Veterinaria Ing. Fernando Noel Dulout (IGEVET), FCV, UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Email: giselpadula@yahoo.com.ar) : Possible radioprotective effect of folic acid supplementation on low dose ionizing radiation-induced genomic instability in vitro. Indian J expl Biol 2016, 54(8), 537-43.

Ionizing radiation (IR) induces DNA damage through production of single and double-strand breaks and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Folic acid (FA) prevents radiation-induced DNA damage by modification of DNA synthesis and/or repair and as a radical scavenger. We hypothesized that in vitro supplementation with FA will decrease the sensitivity of cells to genetic damage induced by low dose of ionizing radiation. Annexin V, comet and micronucleus assays were performed in cultured CHO cells. After 7 days of pre-treatment with 0, 100, 200 or 300 nM FA, cultures were exposed to radiation (100 mSv). Two un-irradiated controls were executed (0 and 100 nM FA). Data were statistically analyzed with X²-test and linear regression analysis (P <60> 0.05). We observed a significantly decreased frequency of apoptotic cells with the increasing FA concentration (P <60> 0.05). The same trend was observed when analyzing DNA damage and chromosomal instability (P <60> 0.05 for 300 nM). Only micronuclei frequencies showed significant differences for linear regression analysis (R²=94.04; P <60> 0.01). Our results have demonstrated the radioprotective effect of folic acid supplementation on low dose ionizing radiation-induced genomic instability in vitro; folate status should be taken into account when studying the effect of low dose radiation in environmental or occupational exposure.

1 illus, 1 table, 51 ref

000154   Muzzamal H;Latif Z (Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Dep, Punjab Univ, Lahore-54590, Pakistan, Email: zakia.mmg@pu.edu.pk) : Improvement of Bacillus strains by mutation for overproduction of exopolygalacturonases. Indian J expl Biol 2016, 54(8), 509-17.

Pectinases, produced by microorganisms, have wide range application in food industry, textile processing, paper making, coffee and tea fermentation, etc. It accounts for 10% of the global industrial enzymes produced. The most important and widely used commercial pectinase polygalacturonase is produced by alkalophilic strains of Bacillus sp. and Streptomyces sp. Here, we explored 29 bacterial strains isolated from rotten mango samples for polygalacturonase production and selected 16 strains through preliminary screening by well-plate method for enzyme activity. The maximum zone of inhibition of pectin was observed up to 28 mm in diameter but one strain ZM11 was exhibiting no activity. Quantitative dinitrisalicylic acid (DNS) assay for polygalacturonase enzyme was also performed for the selected bacterial isolates. All the strains bestowed significant enzyme activity with the highest activity of 2.4 U/μL exhibited by strain ZM3 (P ≤0.05). Characterization of the isolates was performed using different biochemical tests which also confirmed the isolates as members of the genus Bacillus. Mutation was induced to the selected strains by UV light and acridine orange for different periods of time. Qualitative and quantitative assays of the mutant bacterial isolates showed that the enzyme activity increased to 4.62 U/μL which clearly indicated that induced mutation enhanced the ability of Bacillus strains to produce more polygalacturonase enzyme up to 3-fold as compared to the wild strains (P ≤0.05). Molecular characterization by 16S rRNA sequences further confirmed that the bacterial isolates belong to Bacillus subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens.

10 illus, 1 table, 32 ref

000153   Mundhra R;Singh N;Kaushik S;Mendiratta A (Obstetrics and Gynaecology Dep, College of Medical Sciences Univ, Delhi-110 095, Email: nilanchalisingh@gmail.com) : Intimate partner violence: associated factors and acceptability of contraception among the women. Indian J community Med 2016, 41(3), 203-7.

To determine the prevalence of various types of domestic violence and to find out the impact of intimate partner violence (IPV) on adoption of contraceptive measures among the women who are victim to this. This questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology of a tertiary care hospital in Delhi. Four hundred and one postpartum females were randomly selected over a period of 5 months and were questioned about their age, parity, educational status, occupation, husband's education, monthly family income, and, if present, IPV in detail. These study participants were enquired about their contraceptive knowledge and use. Sexual violence was seen in 38.4% of the cases, physical violence in 22.4% of the cases, and verbal abuse was seen in nearly 32.7% of the cases. In response to any of the three violence faced, only 23 women (11.79%) reacted by discussing with parents and friends. In 4.61% of the cases, the violence was so severe that she had to inform police. This study showed that higher percentage of women without IPV accepted immediate postpartum contraception methods as compared to those with IPV (35.9% vs. 25%, P = 0.023), but the overall frequency of using contraceptive methods was higher in those with IPV as compared to those without IPV (49% vs. 47%, P = 0.690). IPV is associated with increased contraceptive adoption.

6 tables, 16 ref

000152   Mostafaei A (Psychology Dep, Payam-e-Noor Univ, Tehran, IR. Iran, Email: a_mostafaei@pnu.ac.ir) : Evaluating the factors affecting in divorce in the City of Mahabad. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(1), 369-74.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors influencing divorce in the city of Mahabad. Methodology is descriptive and ex post facto. Statistical population includes 498 file in the dispute resolution council in year 2011. Among the available files randomly from each season, one month, and in total 125 files were identified. The research instrument was a standard questionnaire with 32 questions. Data were analyzed by frequency and percentage, as well as using the chi-square test. The results showed that most of divorces take place in the first five years after marriage (38.4%), couples Education below Diploma (60%), and divorce is more in family's workers (41.6%). Chi-square test results showed that communication problem (60%), low acquaintance before marriage (59.2%), aggression and violence, 54.4%), family intervention (38.4%), drug addiction (18.4%), and moral perversion, infidelity, and sexual problems (12%) are involved in a divorce. Communication problems and low acquaintance before marriage is significant at level of 0.05 and factors sexual perversion and betrayal, sexual dysfunction, interfering in life, and drug addiction is significant at level of 0.01, and means that the factors mentioned are effective in the forecast of divorce.

6 tables, 17 ref

000151   Mishra R;Shekhar C;Gouda J (NO, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai-400 008) : Abuse against elderly widows in India and selected states: an exploration from BKPAI survey. Indian J Gerontol 2016, 30(2), 184-99.

With demographic transition and increasing life expectancy, the proportion of elderly has increased alarmingly worldwide. With the addition of 27 million in the last decade, the number of elderly in India is more than 100 million now. Among them, nearly one third of elderly have already lost their partner notably, higher for women (49%) than men (15%). Such ever increasing number of widows put in a precarious situation. Using BKPAI (Building a Knowledge Base on Population Ageing in India, 2011) data, this study analyzes the incidence of abuse against elderly widows, place of abuse and perpetrators and its related covariates. Bivariate and Trivariate analysis were carried out to examine the pattern of abuse against elderly widows. Further, Discriminant Analysis (DA) carried out to understand the factors that separates out the group of neglect and non-neglect elderly. More than 12 per cent of elderly widows experienced abuse noticeably is higher in Maharashtra (40%) and low in Tamil Nadu (2%). Family is the common place where abuse against elderly widows occurs the most, involving family members as the main perpetrators. The result of Discriminant Analysis (DA) provides strong static evidence of significant difference between mean of neglect and not neglect for all independents with currently married status (14.2) and educational level (8.9) producing very high value of F's. In this context, the care of elderly widows may not be bestowed only on their family. The state or government has to realize its responsibility and need to bring the needful policies or programmes in the care of elderly widows.

1 illus, 9 tables, 24 ref