004319   Pabla S S;Pabla S S (GH Patel Post Graduate, Computer Science and Technology Dep, Sardar Patel Univ, Gujarat, Email: Pablasimarjot@gmail.com) : Real-time polymerase chain reaction, a revolution in diagnostic. Resonance 2008, 13(4), 369-77.

Real Time PCR is a new advancement in the field of molecular diagnostics. The evolution of capabilities of Real Time PCR from traditional PCR has provided researchers an upper hand over the quantification and detection of specific DNA sequences. During the recent years, the areas of application of Real Time PCR have expanded exponentially.

4 illus, 1 table, 4 ref

004318   Nongbri T (Centre for the Study of Social Systems, School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, New Delhi, Email: tiplutnongbri81@hotmail.com) : Culture and biodiversity: myths, legends and the conservation of nature in the hills of north-east India. Indian Anthrop 2006, 36(1-2), 1-21.

The knowledge system and beliefs of the indigenous people had been interpreted as superstition and irrational by those who advocate what they consider as a superior religion, like Christianity or a more rational view point like that of western science. demonstrates, taking the example of the traditional beliefs and practices of the Khasi of Meghalaya, that these beliefs and associated practices had great functional value. More importantly the merit of indigenous systems of beliefs for the preservation of the ecological system are seen in the local reverence for parts of nature like the sacred groves and such trees and natural objects as are considered sacred. It is such beliefs that had led to the sustained relationship between man and nature that preserved both for centuries; however today such a harmonious relationship is under threat from external factors such as Chrsitianity, modern concepts of development and the market economy. The recently introduced Bio-Diversity Bill that overtly seeks to preserve bio-diversity is also actually only a tool for profit making by the State and the multinationals. The interests of the indigenous and local peoples have been totally overlooked in this Bill. True preservation and continuity of bio-diversity can only be done taking in to account the sentiments and beliefs of the local people.

11 ref

004317   Nehra K;Yadav A S;Sehrawat A R;Vashishat R K (Biotechnology Dep, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa-125 055, Email: nehra_kiran22@rediffmail.com) : Characterization of heat resistant mutant strains of Rhizobium sp [Cajanus] for growth, survival and symbiotic properties. Indian J Microbiol 2007, 47(4), 329-35.

Fourteen heat resistant mutant strains were isolated from a wild-type strain (PP201, Nod⁺ Fix⁺) of Rhizobium sp. (Cajanus) by giving it a heat shock of 43°C. These mutant strains showed a greater increase in optical density (O.D.) and a higher viable cell count in both rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric soil at high temperature. Symbiotic studies showed that pigeon pea plants inoculated with a few mutant strains had ineffective nodules (Nod⁺ Fix^-) under controlled temperature (43°C) conditions, but under natural high temperature (40-45°C) conditions, the host plants infected with all the mutant strains showed higher total shoot nitrogen than the plants inoculated with the parent strain. Four mutant strains (HR-3, HR-6, HR-10 and HR-12) were found to be highly efficient for all the symbiotic parameters, and thus have the potential to be used as bioinoculants in the North-Western regions of India during the summer season.

1 illus, 3 tables, 26 ref

004316   Mishra P;Lukose T;Kashaw S K (Pharmaceutical Chemistry Div, Pharmaceutical Siences Dep, Dr. H.S. Gour Univ, Sagar-470 003, Email: sushilkashaw@gmail.com) : Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of some novel 2-imino-3-(4'-carboxamido pyridyl)-5-arylidene-4-thiazolidinones and their brominated derivatives. Indian J pharm Sci 2007, 69(5), 665-8.

Various novel 2-Imino-3-(4'-carboxamidopyridyl)-5-arylidene-4-thiazolidinones, structurally related to isonicotinic acid hydrazide (isoniazid) were synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial and antifungal activities together with their brominated products. Structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmed by means of their IR, ¹H-NMR spectral data and elemental analysis. Investigation of antimicrobial and antifungal activities of compounds was done by liquid dilution method used for the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration. Bacterial strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and fungal strains of Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans were used to ascertain the activity whereas norfloxacin and amphotericin B was used as the standard positive control for antibacterial and antifungal activities respectively. MIC of the compounds ranged between 6-16 μg/ml and 7-24 μg/ml for antibacterial and antifungal activities respectively. Some of the synthesised compounds showed potent biological activities and were comparable to the standard. Important outcome of the exhaustive screening of all the new candidates in the present experiment was that the introduction of arylidene nuclei at position 5 of the 4-thiazolidinone nucleus significantly improved the biological activity.

1 illus, 4 tables, 11 ref

004315   Mazumder A;Sahay J;Lahkar V;Bhattacharya S; Mazumder R (Pharmaceutical Sciences Dep, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi-835 215) : Effect of leaf extract of Eclipta prostrata on pathogenic microbes. J Sci Pharm 2007, 8(2), 71-4.

The methanolic extract of the leaves of Eclipta prostrata Linn, showed significant antibacterial activity, comparable to ciprofloxacin, against the Gram-negative microorganisms with special reference to E. coli, Vibrio cholerae and Shigella spp. when tested by agar dilution and disc diffusion techniques. The phytochemical screening of extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, steroids and saponins.

2 illus, 10 ref

004314   Leishangthem G D;Somavanshi R;Lauren D R (Pathology Div, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Email: Somvanshi@ivri.up.nic.in) : Pathological studies on bovine papilloma virus-fern interaction in hamsters. Indian J expl Biol 2008, 46(2), 100-7.

Early pathological changes of Bovine papilloma virus (BPV-2)-fern (Pteridium aquilinum and Onychium contiguum fern) interaction in hamsters were studied. In bracken-exposed cattle, BPV induces malignancy in gastrointestinal and urinary bladder mucosa. Cutaneous warts were transmitted successfully in hamsters approximately after 3 months post inoculation while urinary bladder tumour of enzootic bovine haematuria cases were not transmitted. Histologically, tumour was diagnosed as fibroma. Onychium produced more pronounced effects than bracken fern which was characterized by significant reduction in body weight and testicular atrophy. BPV-fern interaction was not appreciable during early period of tumour induction and requires long-term studies for 12 to 18 months.

8 illus, 4 tables, 29 ref

004313   Kulkarni S S;Kakde A B;Rathod S S;Shembekar V S (NO, Suryadatta Institute of Management and Information Technology, Pune, Maharashtra) : Bioinformatics based novel approach for diagnosis and treatment of human herpes virus infection. Bionano Front 2009, 2(1), 105-7.

Human Herpes Virus (HHV) belonging to herpesviridae, consists double stranded linear genome. HHV transmitted by close contact with patient by his/her body secretions and causes the painful infections. The early protein regulates the replication of the virus in the host and late protein regulates the packaging of virus. The HHV has latent period as they are neurotropic and nueroinvasive viruses, they enter and hide in the human nervous system and reactivates from the latent states periodically.The complications are caused by the HHV such as genital warts, Non Specific Urethretis (NSU), Cold sores, Herpes keratitis, Herpes whitlow, Herpes gladiatorum, Eczema herpeticum these are diagnosed by the many laboratory techniques such as Direct Fluorescent Antibody (DFA) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Because of its latent phase, it becomes difficult to detect its infection in the early phase. Proposes the alternative, rapid and novel method for detection and treatment of herpes virus infection by using the bioiformatics approach, where it screened antigenic proteins for their maximum antigenesity throuh various softwares like CLUSTAL W, GENE DOC, and JaMBW. Finally, it is proposed that the highly conserved but antigenic sequences from protein called surface glycoprotein can be used as a tool for generating the monoclonal antibodies which can be used for diagnosing and treating the HHV infection.

10 ref

004312   Kuhad A;Chopra K (Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences UGC Center of Advanced, Chandigarh-160 014, Email: dr_chopra_k@yahoo.com) : Lycopene ameliorates thermal thermal hyperalgesia and cold allodynia in STZ-induced diabetic rat. Indian J expl Biol 2008, 46(2), 108-11.

Peripheral neuropathy is one of the common complications of diabetes mellitus. It is frequently associated with debilitating pain. The present study was designed to investigate effect of Lycopene, a carotenoid found in tomatoes, on hyperalgesia and cold allodynia in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. After 4-weeks of STZ injection, diabetic mice exhibited a significant thermal hyperalgesia cold allodynia, hyperglycemia and loss of body weights as compared with control rats. Chronic treatment of lycopene for 4 weeks significantly attenuated the cold allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. The results emphasize the role of antioxidant such as lycopene as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy.

3 illus, 19 ref

004311   Kshirsagar R;Chaudhari T R;Nandan S N (NO, S.S.V.P.'S.L.K. Dr. P.R. Ghogrey Science College, Dhule-424 005) : Toxic effect of Jatropha curcas on Albino rats. Bionano Front 2009, 2(1), 12-14.

Investigation aimed at studying the possible effect of the aqueous extract of Jatropha curcas on some haematological, biochemical and tissue histopathological parameter was carried out on albino rats. The extract caused a significant reduction (p<0.05) in the measured haematological values (packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration and blood cell count) compared to the control. The effect also caused a significant increase (p<0.05) in the level of total protein, ALT and AST activity. Histopathological changes observed in liver, like distortion in polygonal lobules, infiltration, congested blood vessel and necrosis. The toxicosis indices show that though J.curcas is a medicinal it is also a poisonous plant.

2 illus, 2 tables, 6 ref

004310   Konar M;Ghosh S (Experimental Medicine & Biotechnology Dep, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh) : Proteins: the molecules of life. Bull PGIMER 2008, 42(1), 16-22.

Proteins comprise the second language of life considering nucleic acids as the first. If genes are the instruction carriers, proteins are the molecules that execute those instructions. Proteome research may not only provide more information about living systems than genomics but it can also be applied to solve real information about living systems that genomics but it can also be applied to solve real problems focusing on drug development, identification of new targets for therapeutic intervention and discovery of biomarkers for early detection of disease.

5 illus, 8 ref

004309   Khush G S (NO, California Univ, Davis, California, USA, Email: gurdev@khush.org) : Biofortification of crops for reducing malnutrition. Proc Indian Natn Sci Acad 2008, 74(1), 21-5.

Micronutrient deficiencies affect three billion people worldwide. Malnutrition hinders the development of human potential and nation's social and economic development. The World Health Organization (WHO) and Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) have made fighting the hidden hunger (i.e. micronutrient deficiencies) a high priority. The micronutrients, iron, zinc and vitamin A have been targeted for intervention due to immense magnitude of the problem amongst the world's poor. Emphasis of WHO is on supplementation and fortification. CGIAR efforts focus on Biofortification through its Harvest Plus Program. Micronutrient content of the staples of the poor (rice, wheat, maize, beans, cassava and sweet potatoes) is being improved through breeding and biotechnological approaches. Excellent example of application of biotechnology application is the development of so called "golden rice" with adequate levels of β-carotene as all the existing rice varieties lack (J-carotene. Africa Harvest program is developing "supersorghum" with the aim of improving digestibility, and increasing the level of Vitamin A and E and iron and zinc.

2 tables, 23 ref

004308   Khumanthem N;Syiem M B;Singh A K;Rai A N (Biochemistry Dep, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong-793 022, Email: raiamarnath@gmail.com) : Isolation and characterization of a Mastigocladus species capable of growth, N ₂-fixation and N-assimilation at elevated temperature. Indian J Microbiol 2007, 47(4), 345-52.

Mastigocladus species was isolated from the hot spring of Jakrem (Meghalaya) India. Uptake and utilization of nitrate, nitrite, ammonium and amino acids (glutamine, asparagine, arginine, alanine) were studied in this cyanobacterium grown at different temperatures (25°C, 45°C). There was 2-3 fold increase in the heterocyst formation and nitrogenase activity in N-free medium at higher temperature (45°C). Growth and uptake and assimilation of various nitrogen sources were also 2-3 fold higher at 45°C indicating that it is a thermophile. The extent of induction and repression of nitrate uptake by NO₃ ^- and NH₄^{+, respectively, differed from that of nitrite. It appeared that Mastigocladus had two independent nitrate/nitrite transport systems. Nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase activitiy was not NO₃ - -inducible and ammonium or amino acids caused only partial repression. Presence of various amino acids in the media partially repressed glutamine synthetase activity. Ammonium (methylammonium) and amino acid uptake showed a biphasic pattern, was energy-dependent and the induction of uptake required de novo protein synthesis. Ammonium transport was substrate (NH₄+)-repressible, while the amino acid uptake was substrate inducible. When grown at 25°C, the cyanobacterium formed maximum akinetes that remained viable upto 5 years under dry conditions.}

2 illus, 6 tables, 32 ref

004307   Kharat K R;Kharat A;Kadam V B (Centre for Advanced Life Sciences, Deogiri College, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, Email: drvbkadam@yahoo.co.in) : Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles hyper produced by Escherichia coli NCIM 2804. Bionano Front 2009, 2(1), 127-8.

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles by the reduction of aqueous Ag+ ion by simultaneous reduction of aqueous Ag+ in the culture broth of some tested bacteria and fungi were reproted by S. Minaeian (8). The cell free extract of 48 hrs grown culture of Escherichia coli NCIM 2804 were used for the mass production of Silver nanoparticles. The maximum yield after 48 hrs process was 0.927 mg.L^-1. The optimum pH and Temperature for the yield of silver nanoparticles were 6.8 and 28°C respectively. The antibacterial activity of nanosilver was observed against pathogenic microoganisms.

2 illus, 8 ref

004306   Kaulagekar A (School of Health Sciences, Pune Univ, Pune, Maharashtra, Email: aarati@unipune.ernet.in) : Ageing and social support: a study of low-income urban elderly in Pune. Indian Anthrop 2007, 37(2), 45-53.

Aims at exploring the living and health conditions of low-income elderly and availability of social support during illness. Data were collected using cross sectional survey from 184 elderly from a slum area from the city of Pune, Maharashtra. The study found out that the majority of the respondents were supporting themselves by engaging in unorganized sector. Majority of them reported health problems. A little more than half consulted doctors for treatment. Economic constraints in seeking appropriate health care were reported. They received support from their neighbours and family members during illness. This understanding calls for an alternative employment plan for the aged; as well as need for increasing formal care in the community, especially to people living alone, and reorientation of health services towards elderly care.

1 table, 17 ref

004305   Katkar V J;Kapale S D (Microbiology Dep, Government Medical College, Nagpur-440 003, Email: sadhana.kapale@gmail.com) : Agar gel disk as an alternative to paper disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility test. Indian J med Res 2007, 126(5), 488-9.

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004304   Jamuna D;Ramamurti P V (Center for Research on Aging, Psychology Dep, S.V. Univ, Tirupati-517 502) : Perceptions of ageism across the generations. Indian J Gerontol 2007, 21(2), 198-202.

Ageism portrays a set of negative discriminatory altitudes and related behavioural manifestations toward the aged in a society. Despite a significant ten percent of the world population (20% in some countries) being old, they suffer many indignities. This study empirically investigates the contemporary prevalence of ageistic perceptions in the young adults (20-40). the middle aged (40-60) and the old (60-80). The sample consisted of 120 rural and urban men and women in each of the three age groups. The tool consisted of a checklist of attitude towards ageism adapted from an inventory of attitudes towards the aged. Results indicated a high prevalence of ageistic perceptions among the young compared to the middle aged and the old, though all age groups held negative attitudes towards ageing. Some strategies of debunking ageism are suggested.

1 table, 10 ref

004303   Jain U;Sharma K L (Indian Gerontological Association, , C-207, Manu Marg, Tilak Nagar, Jaipur-302 004) : Stereotypes of ageing among school students. Indian J Gerontol 2007, 21(3), 304-13.

Ageism is discrimination and prejudice towards elderly people. In this study 100 students of tenth standard belonging to middle class families were administered a Hindi translation of Helpage questionnaire to find out their prejudices towards elderly people. It was found out that majority of students have medium level of prejudices towards elderly people. Difference in the prejudices towards elderly between male and female students of present sample was found. On the whole the findings are suggestive to the prevalence of negative as well as positive stereotypes at moderate level amongst the young school students. The study suggests that at school level intervention is needed to impart correct information about the aged and the need of their care within the family system.

2 illus, 3 tables, 9 ref

004302   Jain M;Purohit P (Psychology Dep, Rajasthan Univ, Jaipur-302 004) : Spiritual intelligence, living status and general health of senior citizens. Indian J Gerontol 2007, 21(3), 314-23.

Humans are not merely biological, social or psychological beings, but beings who are able to transcend these dimensions to a level of "human spirituality" by virtue of being free to create the meaning for their own lives. The current research is an attempt to understand the impact of spiritual intelligence on general health. Subject selected for the research were senior citizens of different living status i.e. living with family (n=100) and living in old age homes (n= 100). Findings of the research indicate that the effect of spiritual intelligence is insignificant but living status significantly influence the general health of senior citizens.

30 ref

004301   Gopumadhavan S;Rafiq M;Azeemuddin M;Mitra S K (R&D Center, , The Himalaya Drug Company, Bangalore-562 123, Email: dr.d.k.mitra@himalayahealthcare.com) : Ameliorative effect of party smart in rat model of alcoholic liver disease. Indian J expl Biol 2008, 46(2), 132-7.

Study was designed to investigate the effect of polyherbal formulation PartySmart in experimental model of alcoholic liver disease in male Wistar strain rats. Alcohol plus fish oil were administered to animals for 8 weeks to induce liver injury. PartySmart was administered at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight. After 8 weeks, parameters such as liver weight, liver function serum markers alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lipid peroxidation were studied. Livers from all the groups were subjected for histological evaluation. Treatment with PartySmart at the dose of 500 mg/kg body weight showed significant reduction in the levels of serum ALT, AST and ALP with a decrease in liver weight as compared to ethanol-fed rats. A significant decrease was also observed in malondialdehyde levels following treatment with PartySmart at 500 mg/kg body weight. Histological profile of liver tissue in PartySmart-treated animals showed lesser vacuolar degeneration and intactness of hepatic architecture along with improved glycogen deposition as demonstrated by PAS staining. PartySmart ameliorated alcohol-induced liver injury by preventing cell membrane disturbances, reduction of oxidative stress by free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity and normalization of altered intracellular redox status. Thus, PartySmart can be beneficial in the treatment of alcohol-induced liver damage.

2 illus, 1 table, 29 ref

004300   Goel A;Harpreet Singh (NO, , Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi) : Correlation between balance and mobility to physical function in healthy elderly population. Indian J Gerontol 2007, 21(3), 257-66.

Decreased physical, social and psychological well being is a characteristic of geriatric population, leading to reduced quality of life. The purpose of the paper was to investigate the role of balance and mobility on declining function in healthy elderly population and the role of gender and age on physical function in same group. A total of 47(males=24, females=23) were taken from senior citizen homes and were administered to Modified Physical Performance Test (MPPT) for physical function on Timed Movement Battery (TMB) for mobility and Timed Get Up and Go (TGUG) test for balance. The results correlated (p<0.05) on MPPT with TMB (0.000) and highly correlated on MPPT with TGUG (0.000). Gender specific variations were significant. On age adjusted analysis, results were identical. The identification of domains of physical function may be useful to physiotherapists in development of specific interventions, targeted to physical impairments and disabilities, thus reducing the loss of independence which contributes to deficits in performance.

2 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

004299   Ghosh M;Kaur S;Ganguli A (Biotechnology and Environment Sciences Dep, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala-147 004) : Inactivation of Escherichia coli O 157:H7 by cinnamon extracts in carrot-kinnow mandarin blends. Indian J Microbiol 2007, 47(4), 377-81.

Investigats the antimicrobial efficacy of cinnamon extracts in laboratory prepared Kinnow-mandarin carrot blends challenged with Escerichia coli O157:H7. Freshly squeezed carrot and kinnow-mandarin juices were mixed to obtain a typical blend, inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 cultures at 10² CFU/mL with and without cinnamon extracts (0.3%) and stored at 4, 8 and 28°C for up to 10 hours. Counts on tryptic soy agar (TSA) selective medium (Mac conkey sorbitol agar) and thin agar layer (TAL) were determined at every 2 hour. The TAL method was used for recovery of sublethally injured cells. Inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 in blends containing 0.3% cinnamon extracts were observed, with killing effects being more pronounced at 28°C, similar trends were evident with blends stored under refrigeration conditions (4 and 8°C).The decrease in counts were attributed to several factors namely, pH, storage temperature and addition of cinnamon. The results of our study indicate that cinnamon extracts could be used as an effective, natural antimicrobial for assuring consumer safety at the point of preparation of carrot-kinnow mandarin blends, which is a popular, nutritional beverage consumed in India.

^ssc3 illus, 20 ref

004298   Devi Prasad B;Indira Rani N (Social Work Dep, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam-530 003) : Older persons, and caregiver burden and satisfaction in rural family context. Indian J Gerontol 2007, 21(2), 216-32.

The study is aimed at assessing the burden among the caregivers of the elderly in rural families and to standardize and compare Burden Assessment Scale (BAS) and Caregivers' Reaction Assessment scale (CRA) in Indian context. A Sample of 300 (176 women and 124 men) caregivers of the elderly was selected using a systematic sampling method from three village panchayats of a predominantly rural mandal (Padmanabham) of Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh. An interview schedule covering basic socio-demographic data and the two measures i.e BAS and CRA was used to collect data from the caregivers. Findings reveal that burden and satisfaction of care giving is associated with sex and age of caregiver, and family income. A large percentage of caregivers expressed satisfaction about the care-giving role played by them. However, only a small percentage of women, as compared to men, expressed satisfaction about their care-giving role probably because the major burden of caring the elderly was actually shouldered by women rather than by men. Similarly, more women caregivers reported tiredness and worsening health due to stress arising out of their care giving roles. Lastly, evidence showed that higher age and lower income was found to bring down the caregiver satisfaction significantly.

1 illus, 5 tables, 17 ref

004297   Deshattiwar M K;Patel A K;Ahire J J;Chaudhari B L;Chinocholkar S B (NO, School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, PO-80, Jalgaon-425 001, Email: chincholkar_sb@hotmail.com) : Influence of microbial siderophores on cotton (Gossypium arboreum L. cvs. PA-402 and PA-255) callus induction. Bionano Front 2009, 2(1), 35-40.

Microbial siderophores were explored for improving tissue culture of two diploid cotton cultivars (Gossypium arboreum L cvs. PA 255 and PA 402). Various concentrations of ferri-siderophore (Ferric Chloride as an iron source) in the range of 2-7 ppm. along-with IAA, Kinetin T.HCI. myo-inoditol and glucose were incorporated in Murashige and Skoog medium for callus induction. Out of three types of explants namely roots, cotyledonary-leaves and hypocotyls, ferric siderophore concentration of 6 ppm was able to enhance callus induction by two fold in hypocotyl explants. Increased enzyme activities of super oxide dismutase and peroxidase were observed in the medium supplemented with ferri-siderophore indicating more availability of oxygen to the developing callus of both cultivars. One month developed calli of both cultivars also showed decreased level of iron against control. This is the first report about use of ferri-siderophore in plant tissue culture.

2 illus, 3 tables, 22 ref

004296   Das N G;Goswami D;Rabha B (Medical Entomology Div, Defence Research Laboratory, Post Bag No. 2, Tezpur-784 001, Email: ngdas_drdo@rediffmail.com) : Preliminary evaluation of mosquito larvicidal efficacy of plant extracts. J Vector Borne Dis 2007, 44(2), 145-8.

^ssc2 tables, 17 ref

004295   Das J;Dangar T K (Microbiology Lab, Crop Production Div, Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack-753 006) : Diversity of Bacillus thuringiensis in the rice field soils of different ecologies in India. Indian J Microbiol 2007, 47(4), 364-8.

Diversity of the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) in the rice field soils of different ecologies viz. the island (Port Blair), the Himalayan (Srinagar), brackish water (Mahe) and coastal mesophilic (Mangalore) habitats was analyzed by phenotypic characterization of 5, 66, 14 and 54 Bt isolates, respectively. The Bt isolates produced either monotypic (bipyramidal or spherical) or heterotypic (polymorphic-bipyramidal or bipyramidal-rhomboidal) crystals. The organisms were generally resistant to the penicillin group of antibiotics, tolerated 5-12% NaCl and 0.5M Na-acetate. The Bt isolates contained 1-5 plasmids of 0.89-58.61 kbp sizes. The plasmid profiles had no correlation with crystal morphology or salt tolerance of different bacteria. Each soil was inhabited by different types of Bt. Two Bt strains of Mangalore and one strain each of the other places were phenotypically similar. One Bt strain each of Port Blair and Srinagar was different from all other strains.

^ssc2 illus, 3 tables, 11 ref

004294   D'Lima L M;Vaidya R B (Microbiology Dep, Institute of Science, 15, Madame Cama Raod, Mumbai-400 032, Email: louisadlima@gmail.com) : Isolation and detection of microorganisms producing extracellular pectinases. Bionano Front 2009, 2(1), 26-30.

In the investigation seven bacterial strains and two fungal strains were isolated from four samples of decomposing fruit (apple, cucumber, capsicum and lime) and were screened for their ability to use pectin as the sole carbon source. Based on the results of a pectin depolymerization plate assay, five isolates were found to be positive for extracellular pectinase production. Of these, three of the most efficient isolates, Le Isolate L2, identified as a species of Bacillus and the fungal isolates Ca3, identified as Rhizopus, and C1, identified as a species of yeast, were selected for further work.

4 tables, 10 ref

004293   Bhattacharya S;Bhattacharya B (Microbiology Dep, RG Kar Medical College, Kolkata-700 004) : Siderophore production of different diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli. J Indian Med Ass 2007, 105(3), 110-8.

In the study, siderophore production capacity of various diarrhoeagenic E coli strains was Tested on quantitative basis. The collected strains were classified under enteropathogenic E coli, enterotoxigenic E coli and entero-invasive E coli groups by using appropriate techniques. A few reference enterotoxigenic Ecoli strains were also included in this study. The confirmation of various properties of enteropathogenic E coli, enterotoxigenic E coli and entero-invasive E coli strains was carried out by standard procedures. Several non-pathogenic E coli strains were also included in the study to assess their siderophore producing capacity. The results presented in the study showed that, the phenolate type of siderophore, that is enterochelin was predominantly produced by majority of these E coli strains. Only 30% of enteropathogenic E coli and 33% of enterotoxigenic E coli strains failed to produce any detectable level of enterochelin. On the other hand, only 50% of enteropathogenic E coli strains and all the entro-invasive E coli (100%) showed the positive aerobactin that is hydroxamate type of siderophore production ability. None of the enterotoxigenic E coli and non-pathogenic strains produced aerobactin.

7 tables, 28 ref

004292   Bhardwaj S;Khanna G;Sinha R;Tyagi R;Kapoor S (Anthropology Dep, Delhi Univ, Delhi, Email: shaila7777@yahoo.co.in) : Age related trends in morphological variables among females: a comparative study among the Dhanka tribe and brahmins of Rajasthan. Indian Anthrop 2006, 36(1-2), 129-39.

The study was conducted on 490 males between the age ranges of 20 years to 65+ years. The subjects belonged to the Dhanka tribe (n=340) and Brahmin caste group (n=150) of Rajasthan. The difference in the socio-economic status of two groups of females in clearly depicted in their measurements especially including soft tissues which are indicative of energy reserve. An age related change in various body measurements has been seen in both the groups of adult females.

6 tables, 26 ref

004291   Bhanuprakash V;Hosamani M;Balamurugan V; Gandhale P;Ram Naresh;Swarup D;Singh R K (Virology Div, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar-263 138, Email: bhanu6467@gmail.com) : In vitro antiviral activity of plant extracts on goatpox virus replication. Indian J expl Biol 2008, 46(2), 120-7.

Four plants having known medicinal properties were screened for inhibition of goatpox virus (GTPV) replication in vitro. Of the 4 plants, extract of Acacia arabica (Babul) and Eugenia jambolana (Jamun) leaves had inhibition (%) 99.70 and 99.92 at their maximum non toxic concentrations, 99.93±0.38 and 1999.73±0.50 μg/ml, respectively in all cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assays. Inhibition of GTPV virus replication was further confirmed by PCR and SYBR Green based quantitative real-time QPCR assays specific for GTPV. Results indicated that the extract of Acacia arabica and Eugenia jambolana leaves inhibited GTPV replication in vitro.

2 illus, 1 table, 33 ref

004290   Benguedour L;Boussenane H N;Kebsa W (Laboratorie de Pharmacologie et Phytochimie, Faculte' des Sciences, Universite' de Jijel. 18000 Jijel, Algerie, Email: lahouelmesbah@yahoo.fr ) : Efficiency of propolis extract against mitochondrial stress induced by antineoplasic agents (doxorubicin and vinblastin) in rats. Indian J expl Biol 2008, 46(2), 112-19.

To assess the oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction associated with disease, toxic process and aging, in vivo and in vitro preventive effect of propolis extract against mitochondrial oxidative stress induced by two anticancer drugs (doxorubicin and vinblastin) have been investigated in female wistar rat using liver and heart mitochondria. The results show that doxorubicin and vinblastin altered mitochondrial functions as observed by a decrease in respiratory control value, an activation of swelling and overproduction of superoxide anion. Myocardial tissue from doxorubicin treated rats showed a marked increase in malondialdehyde production, a depletion of reduced glutathione contents and an inhibition of catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. Similar results were also observed in liver tissue. Pretreatment of rats with propolis extract (100 mg/kg/day po) (10^-4 M ip) administered 4 days prior to doxorubicin (20 mg/kg) and/or vinblastin (2 mg/kg) injection, substantially reduced the peroxidative damage in myocardium and hepatic tissues and markedly restored the tissues catalase and SOD activities. The results strongly suggest that propolis extract protects heart and liver tissues from oxidative stress by protecting the mitochondria.

7 illus, 2 tables, 41 ref

004289   Barbhuiya A R;Arunachalam A;Pandey H N;Khan M L;Arunachalam k (Forestry Dep, Mizoram university, Aizawal-796 009) : Effects of disturbance on fine roots and soil microbial biomass C, N and P in a tropical rainforest ecosystem of Northeast India. Curr Sci 2008, 94(5), 572-4.

^ssc1 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref

004288   Banerjee A K (NO, , 2, Pilling Field, Egerton, BL 79 UG, U.K.) : Ageism in health care - a british perspective. Indian J Gerontol 2007, 21(2), 186-97.

22 ref

004287   Ardhapurkar N A;Manwar A V (Microbiology Dep, Science College, Nanded, Maharashtra, Email: manwarav@rediffmail.com) : In vitro studies on rhizospheric organism promoting growth of soybean. Bionano Front 2009, 2(1), 31-4.

Soybean (Glycine max (L) Merril is an important legume and oilseed crop. Soybean has become a miracle crop of the twentieth century, (Rathod, 1976). Soybean oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids with anticholesterol property. Soybean protein is much cheaper than any pulse crop in India. Soybean protein contains a good balance of amino acids, essential to human nutrition. The concept of PGPR is applied to bacteria that have been studied for positive effect on plant growth such as phosphate solubilization, Nitrogen fixation or hormone production. Antibiotic producing PGPR releases compounds that prevent the growth of the phytopathogens. The mechanism by which PGPR increases crop performance is suppression of plant disease (termed bioprotectants), improved nutrient acquisition or phytohormone production (termed biostimulants). During the investigation eleven organisms were isolated from rhizosphere of soybean. These isolates were characterized and further tested for their plant growth promoting abilities by plate assay. The result reveals that amongst the eleven isolates, three namely NM/S7/NA, NM/R3/RA and NM/S5/NA were found to be promoting growth and overall vigor of the soybean whereas others were found to be satisfactory.

3 tables, 12 ref

004286   Aravindhan V;Sulochana S;Narayanan S; Paramasivam C N;Narayanan P R (NO, Tuberculosis, Research Centre (ICMR), Chennai, Email: prnarayanan@trcchennai.in) : Identification & differentiation of Mycobacterium avium & M. intracellulare by PCR-RFLP assay using the groES gene. Indian J med Res 2007, 126(6), 575-9.

New polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay using mycobacterial groES as a target to identify Mycobacterium avium and M. intracellulare in clinical samples have been repainted. The assay was standardized using M. avium and M. intracellulare standard strains obtained from ATCC and was tested with 45 M. avium-M. intracellulare complex (MAC) clinical isolates (Of which 31 were from HIV+ individuals). The standard and clinical strains were typed with HPLC based mycolic acid fingerprinting. Three polymorphisms (BamHI, BstNI and HgaI) were identified for inter-species differentiation among standard strains; of which, only Hgal was found to be useful in clinical isolates. Of the 45 isolates, 25 were M. avium and 20 were M. intracelluare. MAC isolates, which could not be differentiated by HPLC analysis, were also typed by this method. The use of mycobacterial groES as a PCR-RFLP target for M. avium and M. intracellulare is a simple and rapid method that can complement HPLC in their differentiation.

2 illus, 19 ref

004285   Anushri N;Sharma N;Dhuri S L;Barve S S;Sharma B B (NO, V.G. Vaze College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Mulund (E), Mumbai-400 081, Email: anushi_a_narale@yahoo.co.in) : In vitro antibacterial activity of Ulva spp. Bionano Front 2009, 2(1), 114-15.

In vitro screening of organic solvent (methanol, chloroform and hexane) extracts of a marine algae from Chlorophyta group viz. UIva spp. Collected from Alibaugh fort eere tested for its antibacterial activity against three gram positive bacteria- Bacillus subtilis, Corynebacterium diphteriae and Staphylococcus aureus and three gram negative bacteria-Escherischia coli, Klebshiella pnumoniae and nocardia spp. Methnolic extracts showed maximum antibacterial activity as chloroform and hexane extracts showed moderate and less activity respectively.

1 table, 3 ref

004284   Ahamed F U;Nasir Uddin (Anthropology Dep, Chittagong Univ, Bangladesh, Email: fuahamed@yahoo.co.uk) : Classic symptoms of liminality: notes on problems and prospects of anthropology. Indian Anthrop 2007, 37(2), 17-30.

Currently anthropology is thought to be in doubt of its future and prospects. It is often said that anthropology is encountering some predicaments with its ground theories and disciplinary landscape. Sheds lights on two broad objectives which are supplementary to each other. First is to examine the problems of contemporary anthropology going through its intellectual background and disciplinary foundation. Addresses the historical background of ethnographic trends in social science, the gradual development of anthropology as a discipline, contemporary problems of anthropology. Secondly, the addresses the future and prospects of anthropology based on research engages happening around the world. Indeed, it deliberately concerns with its problems of praxis and epistemology to conceptualise the future and prospects of anthropology.

54 ref

004283   Agrawal S V;Talekar A (Microbiology Dep, S.I.E.S. College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Sion (W), Mumbai-400 028, Email: seema.agarwaal@rediffmail.com) : Effect of in vivo conditions and freezing on synbiotics of probiotics and prebiotics. Bionano Front 2009, 2(1), 98-104.

Survival of probiotic bacteria in in vivo conditions like bile salts and gastric juice is questionable. Their survival rates in probiotic-based products are not known. Effect of synbiotic based products on intestinal micro flora needs to be explored. The studies will help in understanding the synergy between probiotics and prebiotics. Encapsulation of probiotic bacteria in Ca alginate beads and survival of these encapsulated bacteria in in vivo conditions like bile salts and gastric juice was determined & it was found that encapsulated probiotic bacteria survived better than those of free cells. The effect of freezing on synbiotics was determined in a frozen product like ice cream & encapsulated probiotic bacteria in synbiotic beads survived more than two months. The fate of synbiotics was studied in an animal model like mice showed that the synbiotic beads decreased pathogenic counts, increased moisture content in feces & resulted in decreasing intestinal pH.

7 tables, 13 ref

004282   Agarwal A;Nigam S K (Zoology Dep, School of Life Sciences, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University, Khandari Campus, Agra-282 002) : Nitrogen dioxide induced changes in blood platelet count of the albino rat. Bionotes 2008, 10(3), 98-9.

^ssc1 table, 10 ref

002267   Verma S;Gupta V (Zoology Dep, Satish Chandra (PG) College, Ballia-227 001) : Amino acid composition of pallisentis indica (acanthocephala). Biochem Cell Archs 2008, 8(1), 93-5.

Describes the presence of free amino acid in Pallisentis indica a parasite of the small intestine of Channa punctatus. The amino acids were studies qualitatively by thin layer chromatography in the homogenates of Pallisentis indica. There were 17 amino acids namely DL-alanine, DL-2-amino-n-butyric acid, L-arginine monohydrate, DL-aspartic acid, L-cystine, L-cysteine, L-glutamic acid, glycine, L-hystidine, L-leucine, DL-methionine, L--ornithin, DL-phenylaianine, L-proline, DL-tryptophan, L-tyrosine, taurine detected in whole specimens of Pallisentis indica. These amino acids comprises the amino acid pool of parasite and are being utilized in the synthesis of protein and energy production. Thin layer chromatography for the analysis of amino acids of acanthocephalan parasites was done for the first time.

2 illus, 6 ref

002266   Tripathi A;Sharma N;Shama V (Bioscience and Biotechnology Dep, Banasthali Univ, Banasthali-304 022, Email: abhitri77@yahoo.com) : Hyptis Suaveolens (L.) poit: a source of potential fungitoxic essential oil against post-harvast pathognes. Biochem Cell Archs 2008, 8(1), 1-6.

The oil from the leaves of Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit was tested for mycotoxic potential using contact fungitoxicity assay and volatile activity assay against eleven post-harvest pathogens in vitro conditions and it was found that the volatile activity had more potential than the contact fungitoxicity assay. MIC of oil in poisoned food technique and volatile activity assay was between 500 to 800 ppm and 400 to 700 ppm respectively against all the test fungi. The chemical composition of the essential oil was analysed using GC-MS. It was determined that 24 compounds were present in the oil. The oil contains mainly 1, 8- cineole (44.4%), β-pinene (11.7%), β-caryophyllene (10.0%), camphene (5.7%) and β-Myrcene (5.3%).

1 illus, 2 tables, 25 ref

002265   Sridhar M;Sridhar N;Chandrashekar M (Microbail Technology Unit, Biotechnology Dep, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin-682 002) : Bacterial biomass as feed for rearing of Penaeus indicus (H. milne edwards) larvae. Indian J Anim Nutr 2008, 25(1), 25-30.

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the role of bacteria as food source for Penaeus indicus larvae. In the first experiment species of Bacillus, Micrococcus and Pseudomonas, isolated from prawn culture ponds, were fed to P. indicus larvae (N) Z-l as partial substitute along with Chaetoceros fed as exclusive feed to P. indicus larvae (N) Z-l and growth and development monitored over a period of 10 days. In the second experiment the same bacterial isolates were fed as exclusive feed to P. indicus larvae (N) Z-1 and growth and development monitored over a period of 10 days. High survival rates ranging from 64-70% were obtained for Bacillus BTM 01 and BTM 05 and Micrococcus sp BTM 12 upon 50% supplementation (P<0.05) as compared to 40% survival on the Chaetoceros fed control. Feeding P. indicus larvae exclusively with bacterial biomass resulted in survival rates of less than 20%. Complete mortality was also observed in the case of Bacillus BTM 01 and BTM 05, and Pseudomonas BTM 25, even before larvae could metamorphose on to the PL - 1 stage. The starved controls survived only up to the third and fourth day in both the treatments. Results suggest that bacterial biomass could be used as a partial substitute for micro - algal feed during the vulnerable larval stages of penaeid shrimp.

3 illus, 1 tables, 18 ref

002264   Shobhana M A;Bhide V;Hosseini S A (Biochemistry Dep, Ahwaz Jondi Shapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran) : Determination of molecular weight and moleculer chracterization of chickpea seed's alpha mannoside. Biochem Cell Archs 2008, 8(1), 7-10.

Novel α-Mannosidase was purified from Chickpea seeds to apparent homogeneity by using a combination of techniques including preparative gel filtration on Biogel P-100 and affinity chromatography on Con A-Seralose. The enzyme was purified 235.35 fold a yield of about 6.0%. The purified enzyme appeared with molecular masses of 35.481 kD on SDS-PAGE and had a specific activity of 133.21 units/mg. Homogeneity of the enzyme was confirmed by gel filtration. It is revealed that tryptophan is essential for enzyme activity. α-Mannosidase is in active presence of Zn⁺² and Mn⁺² only.

2 illus, 4 tables, 9 ref

002263   Sengottuvelu S;Srinivasan D;Ramasamy S (Pharmacology Dep, Nandha College of Pharmacy, Koorapalayam Pirivu, Perundurai Main Road, Erode-638 001) : Gastroprotective effect of polyherbal formulation on experimentally induced ulcer in rats. Antiseptic 2008, 105(4), 197-200.

Gastroprotective effect of Polyherbal formulation on experimentally induced ulcers in rats has been studied. The Polyherbal formulation (PHF) consists of seven medicinal plants namely Aegle marmelos, Elettaria cardamomum, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Citrus aurantifolia, Rosa damascena, Cissus quadrangular is and Saccharum officinarum. The PHF was evaluated for acute toxicity and gastro protective effect on various ulcer models such as pylorus ligation, indomethacin, cold & restraint, HCl/Ethanol and cysteamine induced ulcers in rats. Based on acute toxicity study the PHF was considered as safe and 3 dose (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) levels were employed for gastro protective activity. The ulcer index and % protection of ulcer by PHF was evaluated against the above mentioned ulcer models. The PHF exhibited significant decrease in ulcer index and enhance the % protection of ulcer at all the 3 doses. PHF at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, given orally showed dose dependent protective effect against experimentally induced gastric and duodenal ulcers in rats. Polyherbal formulation at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, given orally showed dose dependent protective effect against experimentally induced gastric and duodenal ulcers in rats. Further pharmacological investigation is required on offensive and defensive factors in the gastric juice and mucosa to pinpoint its exact mechanism of action.

2 tables, 15 ref

002262   Prasad S M;Srivastava P K;Singh V P;Kumar D (Ranjan Plant Physiologyand Biochemistry Lab, Botany Dep, Allhabad Univ, Allahabad-211 002, Email: sheomohanp@yahoo.co.in) : Endosulfan induced effect on growth, photosynthesis and assimilation of nitrogen and phosphorus in non-hterocystous cyanbacterium Plectonema boryanum. Biochem Cell Archs 2008, 8(1), 109-18.

The hazardous potential of chemical pesticide endosulfan on biomass accumulation, ¹⁴C- fixation, uptake of nitrate (NO₃^-), nitrite (NO₂^-), ammonium (NH₄⁺) and phosphate (PO₄^2-), nitrate reductase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phophatase activity was studied in non-heterocystous cyanobacterium Plectonema boryanum. All the studied parameters declined in a concentration dependant manner except nitrate reductase activity. At all doses (1, 5, 10 and 20 ppm) of endosulfan the biomass accumulation showed substantial reduction except at 1 ppm which showed marginal reduction over control. ¹⁴C-fixation showed considerable inhibition at all tested doses of pesticide and this parameter was found to be more sensitive to endosulfan than whole cell oxygen evolution. Nutrient uptake studied so far showed inhibition in their uptake rate at all concentrations of endosulfan but inhibition in PO₄^2- uptake was maximum followed by NO₂^-, NO₃^- and NH₄⁺. Acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activity also showed gradual decrease with increase in concentrations of endosulfan, but, inhibition in acid phosphatase activity was comparatively greater than that of alkaline phosphatase. Interestingly, nitrate reductase activity showed a continuous increase-at all tested doses of endosulfan. The study demonstrated that endosulfan induced decline in nutrient uptake and in photosynthesis in Plectonema boryanum in particular and in other cyanobacteria in general, may lead to a substantial decrease in cyanobacterial population in aquatic bodies causing negative impact on the ecosystem.

4 illus, 56 ref

002261   Prasad S K;Kulshreshtha A;Qureshi T N (NO, School of Studies in Zoology and Biotechnology, Vikram Univ, Ujjain-456 010, Email: drskprasad2006@rediffmail.com) : Antidiabetic pontential of Psidium guajava in streptozotocin induced diabetic albino rats. Biochem Cell Archs 2008, 8(1), 151-4.

Antidiabetic acctivity was defected in herbal extract of Psidium guajava (Family - Myrtaceae), using streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rat model. Extract at the dose of 500 mg/kg body weight was given orally for 15 days showed statistically significant reduction in blood glucose levels of treated rats as compared to their diabetic control (P<0.001). This reduction in blood glucose levels was accompanied by increase in serum protein level in herbal extract treated group as compared to diabetic control (P<0.05). Diabetic animals treated with herbal extract also showed significant increase in their body weight (P<0.05). So, we can conclude that in streptozotocin rat model aqueous extract of Psidium guajava (PG) leaves showed significant antidiabetic potential as judged from statistically significant decrease in blood glucose and increase in serum protein level and body weight.

3 illus, 22 ref

002260   Prasad S K;Kulshreshtha A;Qureshi T N (NO, School of Studies in Zoology and Biotechnology, Vikram Univ, Ujjain-456 010, Email: drskprasad2006@rediffmail.com) : Effect of Murraya koenigii extract on serum lipid profiles in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Biochem Cell Archs 2008, 8(1), 140-44.

Ayrveda and other Indian literature mention the use of plants in treatment of various human ailments. Since ancient times, plants have been an exemplary source of medicine. Studies the antidiabetic efficacy of Murraya koenigii (Rutaceae) was tested in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The results were compared with Glibcnclamide (GBC), a standard drug used to treat diabetes. Aqueous extract of Murruya koenigii leaf at the dose of 500 mg/kg body weight was given orally for 15 days showed significant (P<0.05) increase in body weight. While serum lipid (P<0.05), triglyceride(P<0.001)and cholesterol (P<0.001) become significantly reduced. All these results were accompanied by results given by glibenclamide treatment for 15 days. So it can be concluded that body weight and serum lipid profiles were normalized by the treatment of Murruya koenigii leaf extract in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

2 illus, 25 ref

002259   Pharande R R;Deshmukh V V;Gujar M B (Microbiology Dep, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Maharashtra Animal and Fish, Parbhani-431 402) : Molecular analysis of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. Indian J Virol 2007, 18(2), 57-60.

A total of four clinical cases consisting of abortion, repeat breeding and rhinitis were investigated for IBR. The MDBK cell lines were used for virus isolation. A total of two isolates (IBR-1 and IBR-2) were isolated from the clinical cases. Both the isolates showed characteristic CPE on MDBK cell line consisting of rounding, grape like bunch appearance and cell detachment. Intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed in the stained MDBK infected cell preparations. The isolates were further confirmed by serum neutralization test. Molecular analysis of two Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus isolates was done on the basis of study of band pattern of cleaved fragment of their DNA after digestion with restriction enzyme. The extracted DNA of IBR isolates (IBR-1 and IBR-2) when subjected to electrophoretic mobility on 0.5 per cent agarose gel showed single compact band of intact DNA. When the isolate IBR-1 subjected to Bam HI restriction enzyme digestion showed six bands, which represent A+B, C+D, E, F, G AND H+I fragment whereas IBR-2 did not show any band. The isolation and identification of IBR on MDBK cell line along with molecular analysis was found to be highly specific and reliable technique for the confirmation of the diagnosis.

2 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

002258   Paul A;Das B K;Das S K (College of Fisheries, CAU, Lembucherra, Agartala-799 210) : Interrelationship between primary prodctivity and environmental nutrients of two water body in Kalyani, West Bengal. Indian J Fish 2007, 54(3), 259-65.

A year long study (2002-2003) was conducted in the Kalyani fish farm (P₁)- a scientifically managed fish farm and Kalyani lake (P₂) - a weed infested natural water body, in the heart of Kalyani city, West Bengal, to draw an interrelationship between the primary productivity and nutrients in water as well as soil at different temperature regimes. The study recorded high primary productivity in P₁corresponding with the high nutrients in water (NO₃-N and PO₄-P) and soil (available nitrogen and available phosphorus). A moderate range of primary productivity was recorded in P₂ in accordance with the moderate ranges of nutrients in water and soil. No significant variation in temperature was recorded between the two water bodies. A strong influence of temperature was observed both on the primary productivity and availability of nutrients. A significant correlation (P<0.05) was recorded between the net primary productivity (NPP) and the available nitrogen and phosphorus of soil. However, no significant correlation (P>0.05) was observed between the NPP and the exchangeable potassium of soil in both the water bodies.

9 illus, 27 ref

002257   Pal B B;Sahoo N;Khurtia H K;Chhotray G P (Pathology & Microbiology Div, Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar-751 023, Email: bbpal_rmrc@yahoo.co.in) : In vitro antibacterial efficacy of eucalyptus and lemongrass oil against Vibrio cholerae. Indian Perfumer 2007, 51(2), 66-8.

Antibacterial efficacy of eucalyptus and lemongrass essential oils were tested by disc diffusion method against twenty-five Vibrio choleme O1 and O139 strains isolated from different places in different time periods from Orissa. Eucalyptus and lemongrass oils were effective against all the strains. Eucalyptus oil produced better result as compared to lemongrass oil. The antibiogram pattern of both the oils exhibited more or less equal zones of inhibition in comparison to standard antibiotics.

1 table, 11 ref

002256   Mirhosseini S Z;Seidavi A R;Shivazad M; Chamani M;Sadeghi A A;Pourseify R (Animal Science Dep, Guilan Univ, Rasht, Iran) : Application of a duplex PCR approch for the specific and simultaneous detection of Clostridium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. in broiler gastrointestinal tract. Indian J Anim Nutr 2008, 25(1), 83-92.

Detection of Clostridium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. in gastrointestinal contents of broiler by conventional culture-based microbiological methods is laborious and time-consuming. A novel method for the reliable detection of Clostridium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. was designed in the form of a rapid duplex PCR method that allowed the simultaneous detection, in a single tube, of two common bacterial genera in broiler gastrointestinal tract using four primers (Clos58-f, Clos780-r, LAA-f and LAA-r) targeting 16S rDNA sequence. Results showed that there were Clostridium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. in all four gastrointestinal segments viz. duodenum, jejunum, ileum and caecum of broilers and no cross detection of other strains occurred. This duplex PCR produced two distinct bands, of 722-bp and 286-bp, for Clostridium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. respectively. The 722-bp band produced by two (Clos58-f and Clos780-r) of four primers in duplex PCR reaction, was specific only from Clostridium spp. and not obtained from other non-target microorganisms. On the other hand, the 286-bp band was produced by two primers, LAA-f and LAA-r, and was specific for the Lactobadllus spp. genus. The divergence between the size of the Clostridium spp. (722 bp) and Lactobacillus spp. (286 bp) was suitable for developing the duplex PCR assay. As Clostridium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. can be dominant genera in the chicken gut, this method could be very useful to analyze microbial populations in chicken gut or possibly other similar samples.

1 illus, 1 tables, 49 ref